Performative Architecture: Technical Dissertation

Galina Dimova ID: 000941847 Unit 7

Performative Architecture Architecture Design technology 3 BUIL 1074 Technical Tutors: Kieran Hawkins + Simon Herron Design Tutors: Ned Scott + Yorgos Loizos

Abstract

In this technical report, I will explore the advantages of the mechanical transformation thought series of physical and computer model. The propose of these transformation in my design are to allow the central garden space to become a theatre space for the acrobatic student graduation day on 14th June 2019.

Content Page

I. Introduction Project summary Aims Methodology Site Investigation Mechanical transformation

II. Case Studies Sliding House Vienna Town Hall Roof

III. Technical Investigation 1st iteration Meeting with a structural engineer Second Scheme Comments from the Cross-crit Third Skim Consultation with a structural engineer Final Technical Resolution

VI. Original Drawings

V. Bibliography IV. Conclusion Application of the research statements Conclusion

Books Images Diagrams and drawings Websites

Site plan 1:1250 1:50 Plans 1:50 Sections Exploded axonometric 1:10 details

I. Introduction

Summary

The design of my project is a student accommodation providing living spaces for students with two different identities and central public realm with two phases. Condition ‘A’ initially purpose an open-air space which fictionalize as a meeting/chilling point with benches, trees, food hut, etc. However, once in a month, the central public space transforms and become phase ‘B’. Phase ‘B’ purpose a theatrical space where circus students perform, and other students/people are invited to enjoy the magical circus art. Three key movements have influences over the modification from phase ‘A’ into phase ‘B’. The technical research is focused on these three key elements. Bellow on the diagram, the components are highlighted as follow:

1. Movable South façade, providing wider entrance space.

2. Lightweight roof above the public realm which slidesin and out.

3. The ‘Nails’ on the stage open and close.

G

Fig1: Computer model

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Overall view of the proposal

New

Bartholomew Court

REET OLD ST

Steadman Court

SOUTH SHOREDITCH AREA RESEARCH

Bianc a Hous e

T CBs

ourhoo Neighb Of fice

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Crondall Court

Evelyn Court

Hous e a ndaHouse Miranda Mir

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Bletchley Court

Falstaff House

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES AND GREEN SPACES

Stanway Court

Stanway Court

Club

House PO

HAC

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T haxt ed Court

BUILDING USES Hat haw ay Hous e

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T CB s

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Fellows Court

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Bletchley Court

Ha ll

Crondall Court

Evelyn Court

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House

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A rden House

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Hous

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Cust an

Sebastian House

Cather

Allerton House

wood

Court

Barlow House

Nile H Enfield Enfield ers Cloist Cloisters

Geffrye Centre

Chart House

Warehouse

Old Market Square

Charles Gardner Court

Car Park

Royal Oak Court

Anthony Cope Court

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House

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House

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SHOREDITCH BOROUGHS MAP

Abingdon House

Telephone Exchange

Laleham House

Hedsor House

Telephone Exchange

London C ollege of Fas hion

Centre

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T CBs

d

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Evelyn Court

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Club

House PO

HAC

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T haxt ed Court

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wood

A rden Hous e

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KN

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St John the Baptist's Church

Hals t ea d Court

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Hat haw ay Hous e

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od Court

od Court

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St Leonard's

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Aske House

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FA NS HA W S T REET

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Finn House

House

Nile H

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ouse

EET HER STR

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KN

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AD

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Burt t Hous e

Regmar House

Works

Edward Dodd Court

Cullum Welch Court

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urt

Charles Gardner Court

owat

Royal Oak Court

EA S T

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Anthony Cope Court

Ralph Brook Court

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HAC

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Car Park

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Aske Gardens

n H ouse

Chart House

Works

tal n Hospi ay Missio Mildm

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RO AD

Leopold Buildings

Wakefield Hous e

Marte

Fire

se Hou

Parkins on Court

Moorfields Eye Hospital

Municipal Buildings

ield ingf

AD

Parkins on Court

Shoreditch

Station

ield W ingf

RO AD

Leopold Buildings

Wakefield Hous e

Works Works

S t reet Old O ld Street rat es' Magistrates' Magist Court Court

CO LUMBIA

Aske Gardens

Chart House

Touchard House

S t Monica' s Youth Club

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Monic a' s SSttMonica's Church RC RC Church

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ony Cope Court

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Cullum Welch Court

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Finn House

d Court

REET OLD ST

Steadman Court

Fellows Court Stanway Court

St John the Baptist's Church

Court

Newlan

Bartholomew Court

St Hilda's East Community

BUILDING HEIGHTS(STOREY BRACKET)

Fellows Court

St Leonard's

Telephone Exchange

1:2500

LONDON BOROUGHS MAP

Club

Abingdon House

London C ollege of Fas hion

Crondall Court

Hedsor House

Telephone Exchange

T REET OLD S

Steadman Court

W alton

Centre

Bartholomew Court

d Newlan Court

Rochelle

Newlan

Touchard House

Hall

CIT Y

W

RO

ield ingf

se Hou

AD Parkins on Court

Moorfields Eye Hospital

K emp

Hous

e

Bank Municipal

St Leonard's Church

Buildings

ps y W orksho Sunbur

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e

d Cour t

Godf rey House

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n Hous

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Gadd

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h Hous

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lde n

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ion

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ow Tapl

Primary School

CALVER T AVEN

se Hou

UE

e

Hous

e

GREA T EA S T ERN S T REET OLD

ST REE

T

Boundary Gardens PH

Cope

Hous

e

Albert House

d Newlan Court Rochelle

Newlan

d Court

am House Cookh

House

St Hilda's East Community Centre

House

Clifton

Benson House

Telephone Exchange

Laleham House

1:2500

Lo ndon College of Fas hion

Abingdon House

Fig2: Portfolio page

Hedsor House

HOXTON BOROUGH MAP

Telephone Exchange

REET OLD ST

W alton

Centre

Bartholomew Court

Steadman Court

Hous

e

Bank

Vince Court

Albert House

KEY:

D

COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL PUBLIC 4-6 STORY 7-8 STORY 1-3 STORY 9+ STORY GREEN SPACES BUILDINGS SITE Old Street Station

9

Aims

The aim of this report is to develop the design of the central garden space in a way to be flexible, adaptable and propose theatre space when is necessary. Particular, I am looking at mechanical transformation similar to the changes which are happening in the subject area

Fig3: Mass-diagram

G

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Legend Mechanical Transformation 1 Mechanical Transformation 1 Mechanical Transformation 2 Mechanical Transformation 3

Methodology

The main process of finding the appropiate technology for the transformation in the space will be series of physical and computer models.Modeling will test the materials strengths and quality. The information form websites and books are guides of how the specific technologies are applied and will help me to insert into subjective area

Fig4: Testing roof systems

fig6: Roof Detail

Roof model

Fig5: Detail

Stone seating

D

retractable roof detail

11

Site Analyses

Site plan 1:1250

The location of my project is Hoxton Square in South Shoreditch.

Currently, the site is occupied by circus school and work as backyard. The site sits on co-ordinates 51.5275° N, 0.0826° W.

Site Plan

HOXTON SQUARE

N

CO RO N ET ST

Fig7 Plan

Key: Buildings Site Alexander Fleming Halls of Residence National Centre for Circus Arts Green spaces

G

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

1:1250

Site Photos

Hoxton Square

7

2

1

3

5

4

6

8

N

9

HOXTON SQUARE

9

6 5

7 4

3

CORONET ST 8

2

1 10

Fig8: Site Plan

Key:

1:1250

Aerial view of the site

Buildings Site Alexander Fleming Halls of Residence National Centre for Circus Arts Camera position

D 13

Site History

In the past, the building around Hoxton square were warehouse lately converted into modern dwelling and offices spaces. In fact, after the changes most of the buildings still have the initial brick facade. Also, recently several roof extensions were added on the existing buildings. The chosen site itself in the past was Shoreditch Electric Light Station.

1870

1910

2018

1950 N 11 10 9 8 HOXTON SQUARE

7

5

2-4 CORONET

ST

1

52

1:500 Fig9: Portfolio page

Legend Green spaces Buildings Site Alexander Fleming Halls of Residence Buildings for demolition

G

National Centre for Circus Arts

12 Property number

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

51

49-50

48

Context

The old Electric power Station is transformed into ‘National Centre for Circus Arts’ providing offices, studios, training spaces and storages for students all around the world. However, a second driver for the project is Westminster accommodation for allocated on south-west next of Hoxton Square.

Fig10: Circus Shool plan

Office

Office

Generating chamber

Combustion Chamber

D

Cross section

Fig11: Section

15

HOXTON SQUARE

Opportunities and Constraints

The site has two main accesses to the roads: East facing Hoxton St and South entrance facing Coronet St.

CORONET

Fig12: Site plan

G

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

ST

1:500

N

HOXTON SQUARE

Sun Path

8:30

CORONET ST

Fig13: Summer time

HOXTON SQUARE

SUN PATH ANALYSE MORNING, LUNCH AND AFTERNOON

N

SITE ANALYSES

CORONET ST

Fig13: Winter

12:00

N

Fig14:

Rainfall average

HOXTON SQUARE

Sun path studies

Shadows Analyses

The east face of the site is mainly illuminated until 12:00 and the south side of the site is in light in the afternoons. The wind around the site is with west direction and speed of 5.1 m/s.

16:30

CORONET ST

Fig15:

Soil map

Fig16-18: Sun shading

D 17

Mechanical Transformation

Axonometric 1

Mechanical Transition 1 The Mechanical Movement 1 is decided in two sections: East Facade and South facade transformation. The proposition is to make the entrance space more open and also to create a dramatical triple height front access for the people. The sliding starts at 19:00 on the same day with a speed of 0.01 km/h. The south flats dock at 19:30 and the east properties dock in a place at 20:00. The average weight of the all southern rooms is 100t. In another hand the east facade apartments are with 22t load each.

All apartments have lightweight construction built with timber frames connected with 50cm circular rods.

14

m

19

m

Summary Regarding the National Centre for circus art academic calendar, the graduation day for their students takes place on 14th of June each year. The ceremony is between 21:00-22:30. As it is mentioned above, the technical investigation is focused on how the design of the public realm changed from concrete cast garden to acrobatic layout space for their theatrical performance.

The key transformations are 3: 1. Opening the front facade 2. Stage nails opening providing a back drop 3. Roof which closes and ensures enclosures

34m

Legend East facade apartments South facade apartments Stage nails Roof

G

Fig19: Mass diagram

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

The 3 key moves in the design

Axonometric 2

Mechanical Transition 2 Originally, timber elements called ‘Nails’ sit on the central platform. Under these pieces is allocated the stage. The ‘Nails’ protect the platform from the weather. Normally, people walk over them and use them as a seating spot. When graduation day comes these pieces rotate and uncover the stage. In this case their function changed into backdrop for the stage. The timbered elements itself are supplied with 2 electrical motors on each edge. The average load of each segments is 0.5t. All ‘Nails’ together start to open at 10:00 on the day and slowly moves with a speed of 0.16 km/h. Fully raised up at 10:10.

Mechanical Transition 2 The last change in the layout is the roof. The main propose is to protect the people from the weather condition. Also, the roof has a aesthetic function. For the ceremony the roof will work as a sound buffer. Generally, the roof slides from one to another side on metal profiles. The roof is the only elements which starts to slide 5 days before the graduation day and ends 1h before it.

The idea behind is to creates illusion that actually is not moving.

The metal profiles for the structure should be light weigh and will be attached to the existing building on each side of the space.

Legend Mechanical Transformation 1 Mechanical Transformation 1 Mechanical Transformation 2 Mechanical Transformation 3 Fig20: Mass diagram 2

D

The key transformation with the whole design-scheme

19

Sliding House/ dRMM

II. Case studies Vienna Town Hall

Sliding House/ dRMM

Introduction

Stages of sliding General Information Location: Suffolk, United Kingdom Status: Completed January 2009 Internal area: 200 m2 Project Team Architect: dRMM Client: Ross & Sally Russell Project Manager: External manager chosen from the client Structural engineer: Michael Hadi Associates Mechanical engineer: DJW Consulting Limited Electrical engineer : Robert Hart Electrical Engineering

Fig21- 00:00:00 sec

1

Fig22- 00:02:30 sec

2

Fig23- 00:04:30 sec

3

Awards 2009 WINNER RIBA EAST AWARD 2009 WINNER GRAND DESIGNS AWARDS ‘BEST NEW-BUILD’ AND ‘HOME OF THE YEAR’ 2009 HIGHLY COMMENDED WORLD ARCHITECTURE FESTIVAL AWARDS ‘HOUSE’ CATEGORY 2009 SHORTLISTED D&AD AWARDS, ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN CATEGORY (NOMINATED FOR YELLOW PENCIL AWARD) 2009 SHORTLISTED THE WOOD AWARDS ‘PRIVATE’ CATEGORY Building materials: •Aluminium

•Glazed façade

•Larch, Rubber and Timber cladding

•Steel frame construction

3

G

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Site condition

fig25

fig26

Before the proposed design from dRMM

fig27

fig28

The modern countryside type of house

Location

Suffolk, United Kingdom

fig29

fig30

Aerial image of the site highlighted with red line

D 23

Project Summary

The aim of the project was to propose adaptable building structure depending on the season, weather or transform regarding client desire. Part of the client requirements for the building is to be self-built home from where he could enjoy the landscape.

To revealed that dRMM went over the limits. Three main parts were designed: garage (on a side), main house (with glassed living room and roof terraced bathroom), guest annex and a future swimming pool in front of it (fig1). Each block is connected by sliding sleeve on rail tracks driven by motors. Allocated four 24V electric motors are integrated into the walls. On one hand architects want to hide them and also to protect them from the environment. The motorized façade is built by steel frame with an insulated and moisture-proofed timber filed finishing by larch timber boards. The whole construction weight is 20 tones.

The rail track is 33m long. In 6 minutes the envelope slides the entire distance. The maximal traveling speed is 0.2 mph (or 0.3222km/h). As a future implication the client request an option for the motors to be supplied by photovoltaic solar cells.

View from the living room on G floor

fig31

fig32 fig33

Looking through ‘Parto’

Staircase allocated next to the living room

fig34

G

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

The living room on 1st floor half covered

Sketches exploring the uses of the spaces and the sleeve transition from A to B Sections

Axonometric views

Elevations

A

B

Plans

B

A

B

A

First Floor

Ground Floor fig35-38

Legend

Garage Anux Sliding Sleeve Main House

D 25

Analyses

Mechanism As it is mentioned in Project Summary, the motorized system is inserted in the wall. Each motor is hidden in a space accessed with a opening cover as it is shown in the image. Each side consists two wheel in which one of it is connected with gear. The gear itself is connected to the electric motor via rubber band.

The wheels are navigated by computer system which controls the speed. The wheels used in this project are with diameter of 245mm. The challenge is the small gap between the sliding wall and the ground level which is only 20 mm. In that way the track and the wheel are protected from the weather.

The mechanism is integrated in the wall

fig39 fig40

Model exploring the relation between the ground level and the sliding wall fig41

Replication of the sliding mechanism

Conclusion The analyse of this project shows that a single-family house offers an ability of adaptation through client preferences, weather condition and special views. To achieve that, the building blocks are surrounded by movable lightweight wall structure sliding on 33m rail track which could move just for 6 minutes.

G

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

fig42

Zoom-in of the mechanism

Legend 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

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22. fig43: Section through glazed living room and the traveling sleeve

Primary portal frames welded together Portal frame steel connector Timber framed to aperture Membrane to reveal of sliding wall window apertures Inward opening tilt-an-turn double glazed window Larch rain-screen cladding Aluminium trim to membrane Portal frame steel connector Double glazed unit Waterproof membrane Orientated stand board sheathing Full-fill insulation between studs and timbers Tongue and groove internal cladding 185x50 mm timber stud frame Glasshouse fixed back to steel section within timber floor zone Nylon brush air seal

fig44: Detail 2

Legend 1.

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fig45:

Detail 1

fig45: Zoom-in of Detail 1

Steel RHS guide rail fixed with steel plate bolted to foundation Electric motor with 12-volt batteries rolling gear: gearbox with chain drive 28mm double glazing aluminium postand-rail construction Nylon brush- wind proofing 8mm polycarbonate sheeting 18mm OSB Metal tube holding batteries Service space Hinge Stud 200x200mm 18mm OSB 3mm ethylene-propylene-rubber layer 18mm larch boarding 38/33mm battens Drainage channel

D 27

Vienna Town Hall Retractable Roof

Introduction

The retractable Roof General Information Location: Vienna, Austria Status: Completed 2000 Structure: Retractable cable-suspended membrane structure Metrics: • Width: 32.52 m • Length: 34.21 m Main trusses dimensions: • Height: 0.33 - 1.50 m • Span: 34.2 m Wind load: 0.05 kN/m² (59 km/h) Internal area: 200 m2 Project Team Architects: Silja Tillner and Rudolf Bergermann Client: Magistrat der Stadt Wien Structural engineering: Schlaich Bergermann Partner (SBP) Steel construction: Stahlbau Filzamer Subcontractor: Membranteam GmbH (membrane) Wind analysis (expert report): Wacker Ingenieure Checking engineering: Vasko + Partner Ingenieure General contractor: Stahlbau Filzamer

fig46

Truss system and the membrane

fig47

Closed condition

fig48

Roof when is extended

fig49

Roof is open when events take place

Building materials:

•Membrane Fabric •Tensile

•Ridge cable

•Steel frame construction

•Aluminium trusses

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Site condition

fig50

fig51

fig53

fig54

The specific Neo-Gothic Architecture

How the roof matches with arches style

Location

Vienna, Austria

fig55

fig56

Aerial image of the site highlighted with red

D 29

Project Summary

The focus for the project was to offer incorporated roof design with the Neo-Gothic Vienna Town Hall courtyard. On the site are magnificent arches of arcades in the same architectural style. The government was interested in the space to be usable during the summer regardless the weather condition. The challenge for the architect was to preserve the history of the space, to cover client requests and design a suitable roof structure. Another target in the project was how to vertical dead and imposed loads not to be transferred to the historic buildings. As a final decision, the architects came with the idea of retractable and foldable fabric roof which opens and closes when is necessary.

fig57

The atmosphere

fig58

Vienna Town Hall front view

fig59

The track

fig60 The folded roof is protected by glazed structure

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Sketches exploring the uses of the spaces and the sleeve transition from A to B

Axonometric views

fig61

Truss 4

Truss 3

Truss 2

Truss 1 Edge profile with terminal strip fig62

Legend

Sliding Axes L-shape Profile Brackets Tent, Membrane Truss Leading Rope Exciting building fig63

Plans

Diagrammatic section explaining the roof elements

D 31

Analyses

Investigation on the roof system and the requested elements The roof construction is lightweight and does not request withstands loads. The soft membrane of the system creates an accordion-like shape with matches with the Neo-Gothic arches on the site. The edge beams are attached to the existing building and the horizontal loads from the ropes are supported by the roof structure itself.

The dimension of the roof is 34m long and 32 wide which means that it covers the whole courtyard. Regarding the construction, as I mention above the main 4 edge beams are placed on steel consoles fixed by anchor bolts into the surrounded walls. On the top of them are welded T-shape steel profiles and vertical sheet.

These elements form the leading track for rollers attached to the segments which guide the ropes. Also, the track is used for the middle trusses along the edge beams. Following the idea of self-support system, a PVC-laminated polyester fabric type 1 was used. The roof is supplied by 4 electric motors placed on 20 mm steel sheet attached to the middle beams. Along the edge beams on top of them are allocated toothed racks. The motors itself have gear which runs on these toothed tracks. The sliding system also have additional digital rotary encoders which influence the smooth moves and control the speed.

Conclusion Due to the specific architectural style on the suite, aim of the project was to propose a self-support roof structure which also should reflects the Neo-Gothic arches at the courtyard. Challenge for the architect was to use lightweight material and self-controlled system against the wind and rain forces.

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Highlighted details

fig64

Carriage

fig65

Edge beam

fig66

Rear edge of the roof structure

fig67

Membrane joints

Details of the Roof

fig68

Edge beam

fig69

Membrane joints

fig70

Rear edge of the roof structure

fig71

Carriage

fig72

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3D of Carriage detail

33

Analyses

Roof System Specification The roof construction is lightweight and does not request withstands loads. The soft membrane of the system creates an accordion-like shape with matches with the Neo-Gothic arches on the site. The edge beams are attached to the existing building and the horizontal loads from the ropes are supported by the roof structure itself.

The dimension of the roof is 34m long and 32 wide which means that it covers the whole courtyard. Regarding the construction, as I mention above the main 4 edge beams are placed on steel consoles fixed by anchor bolts into the surrounded walls. On the top of them are welded T-shape steel profiles and vertical sheet.

These elements form the leading track for rollers attached to the segments which guide the ropes. Also, the track is used for the middle trusses along the edge beams. Following the idea of self-support system, a PVC-laminated polyester fabric type 1 was used. The roof is supplied by 4 electric motors placed on 20 mm steel sheet attached to the middle beams. Along the edge beams on top of them are allocated toothed racks. The motors itself have gear which runs on these toothed tracks. The sliding system also have additional digital rotary encoders which influence the smooth moves and control the speed.

Highlighted details

fig73

Conclusion Due to the specific architectural style on the suite, aim of the project was to propose a self-support roof structure which also should reflects the Neo-Gothic arches at the courtyard. Challenge for the architect was to use lightweight material and self-controlled system against the wind and rain forces.

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Central truss

fig74

Truss girder

fig75

Roll

Details of the Roof

fig77

Central truss shape

fig78 Section through the carriage of a truss girder

Section through the folded roof fig76

fig79 Combination of radial and axial roll

Legend

Sliding Axes L-shape Profile Brackets Tent, Membrane Truss Leading Rope Exciting building

D 35

III. Technical Investigation

Introduction

m 19

Methodology, Technical requirements and experiments

Methodology

In this section I will focus on the transformation at the central garden space. To reveal these mechanical transformation I am looking at technologies which I could apply. The key aspect of my technical is how the garden space became a theatre space for the graduation day. Even more, how the technology will change the atmosphere. Gathering all the specific requirements and elements I will do series of computer and physical model to test it into my design. In addition, I had two meetings with structural engineers. In these discussions I talk about through the drawings and I got any advices about the specific dimension f the materials.

34m

fig79:Mass-diagram

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Legend East facade apartments South facade apartments Stage nails Roof The 3 key moves in the design

Technical Requirements

An important aspect of the involved technology in which I am interested is the mechanical transformation. Further to that I am researching in material which are lightweight and constructionally strong in the same way. However, the focus of this report is an open-air space and one of the problem is the weather influences over the material. Considering that issue it is important to investigate how I could protect and maintenance them.

The technical investigation is slit into three topics. Mechanical transformation discussing the flat system., Mechanical transition informing the stage opening and Mechanical changes in the roof structure.

Mechanical Transition 1 The Mechanical Movement 1 is decided in two sections: East Facade and South facade transformation. However in that section i am looking at the movements with the east apartments only. The proposition is to make the entrance space more open and also to create a dramatical triple height front access for the people. The sliding starts at 19:00 on the same day with a speed of 0.01 km/h. The south flats dock at 19:30 and the east properties dock in a place at 20:00. The average weight of the all southern rooms is 100t. In another hand the east facade apartments are with 22t load each.

All apartments have lightweight construction built with timber frames connected with 50cm circular rods.

Mechanical Transition 2 Originally, timber elements called ‘Nails’ sit on the central platform. Under these pieces is allocated the stage. The ‘Nails’ protect the platform from the weather. Normally, people walk over them and use them as a seating spot.

When graduation day comes these pieces rotate and uncover the stage. In this case their function changed into backdrop for the stage. The timbered elements itself are supplied with 2 electrical motors on each edge. The average load of each segments is 0.5t. All ‘Nails’ together start to open at 10:00 on the day and slowly moves with a speed of 0.16 km/h. Fully raised up at 10:10.

Mechanical Transition 2 The last change in the layout is the roof. The main propose is to protect the people from the weather condition. Also, the roof has a aesthetic function. For the ceremony the roof will work as a sound buffer. Generally, the roof slides from one to another side on metal profiles. The roof is the only elements which starts to slide 5 days before the graduation day and ends 1h before it. The idea behind is to creates illusion that actually is not moving. The metal profiles for the structure should be light weigh and will be attached to the existing building on each side of the space.

D 39

Experiments

The first attempt of testing the gathered information from my research is by making a model of the roof structure with transparent fabric material. This model is based on a simple concept of sliding technology used for Vienna Town Hall Roof. The testing shows me that the system is too simple and I do not give any specific character of my design. Also, it is suspended to the existing buildings and all the loads are transferred to them. I found that self-susoended structure is better option in terms of the forces from the roof movements. The second model use the same technology and suspendings as the previous one but the fabric is venyl-coated polyethylene.

This material longer last longer and the maintenance is cheaper that the transparent one. However, with the next model I focused on the track system for the flats influenced by the technology used for Sledding house designed by dRMM. In my case, the rail tracks are above the ground and place on a steel columns and fix by diagonal crossing columns. What might not work is the way the two rail tracks connected by steel U-shape profile. Final testing of the mechanical movement is the retractable roof system which I found quite interesting and matches with the design of the space below. The hardest part about that system is the drainage system because the roof opens mainly when the weather is not good. In the technical report I am looking at the roof system which is opening on the graduation day and so have not only weather controlling influence but also aesthetic function.

Images of the models

fig80: Sliding roof with transperent material

fig81: Sliding roof with venyl-coated material

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

fig85: Computer model

fig82: Retractable system

fig84: Self-suspended roof 2

fig83: Self-suspended roof

Design Application

The researched and applied technology my design in a way to look more convince and to support the necessary changes in the design of the space.

First iteration

6 fig86 Phase A: Public garden

Final iteration

fig87

D 41

First Iteration

Highlighted problems: • The main issue with this iteration is the missing base.

Another problem of it is the roof. The drawn roof structure do not have any working system. Only suggests for sliding mechanism and main supporting elements which are the columns on the both edges. Regarding the stage space, there is no information of the what type of platform will e used. On the top of it are allocated elements called ‘Nails’ which are a way to small for it and the working mechanism is not shown. The tower beside the stage move accordingly but also there is no information how this will work. The essential propose of the seating area is to be a place where the students and other people can enjoy their food, to chill and etc. Second function of it is to be auditorium. In that case the area should have an adaptable function but there are not any suggestions how this will work.

Key

1 Existing building 2 Stage 3 Auditorium 4 Tower 5 Roof 6 Bench 7 Seat 8 Arms column

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9 Stairs

10 Edge column

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Section through the Garden in 1:100

7O

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fig88

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fig89

D 43

Meeting with a structural engineer

Comments and Suggested solutions

• To deal with technical issues there was arrange a meeting with an architectural engineer from Barr Gazetas. During the consultation with Jonathan Allwood two main problems were discussed: the roof structure and the seating area.

I was advices to look at the construction elements of the gantry roof structure and does a fabric roof work. Also, rise the issue with the sound and lighting system and how could be attached to the roof skeleton. Regarding the seats, Mr Allowood gave an interesting idea of having fold-able benches which could transform into outdoor seats. Also, he gave a commented about the ventilation which could be allocated underneath the staircase.

7O slope

5 9 1

7

Key

1 Existing building 2 Stage 3 Auditorium 4 Tower 5 Roof 6 Bench 7 Arms column 8 Stairs 9 Edge column

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fig90

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

2

fig91: Sketch for seating space

fig92: Gantry roof structure key elements

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Legend

Key area

D 45

Second Scheme

Precedents and analyses

‘Nails’

Considering the opening elements above the stage I look at Santiago Calatrava Quadracci Pavilion in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Pacifically, I was interested in how they called ‘wings’. To link the design of the project Calatrava involved the mechanical system ‘Brise-Soleil Mechanism’.Directly translated from French mean ‘Sun Breaker’.

The ‘wings’ are a flexible sun-shading grid. The main propose behind them is to control the amount of light and to create a nice shadows in the museum space below them. The raise and landing movements suggests an image of kinetic scripture. Each ‘fing’ is consisted by 72 steel fins with different length between 26 to 105 feet. Also, it is 90t heavy. For one full opening and closing takes three and a half minute. The rotations are controlled by computed system. In addition, a wind sensors are attached to the tubes. In that way if the wind speed goes into 23 mph for more than a 5 seconds to restoration has stopped.

Further to my investigation about the ‘fings’, lead me and to an idea what version of opening system would be use for the ‘nails’ on the stage. In that way the opening will be synchronized by motors. In addition the hydraulic pistons will help against the gravity. Considering the design of the space this system of opening will add an atmospheric experience for the visitors.

Also, I got knowledges of how the timbered elements should be attached to the rotating system. On another hand, essential material is steel. Unfortunately, I am interested in lightweight material such as cross-laminated timber and this investigation do not informed me in that side of the work.

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

fig93

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

fig94

Collage showing the waving stages

fig95

Short Section

fig96

Waving diagram

fig97

Sketch of the rotating system

‘Stage’

Regarding the stage technology and design I look at Spielbudenplatz. The challenge for the architect was to turn the historic market square into multifunctional space for events. The propose comes with two movable stages allocated at the both edge of the zone. The section of the stage forms a U-shape. The platforms lay on 210m rail tracks and allowing the them to move toward each other.

Each stage forms by 16x16m and it is 10m high. The skeleton of it is made by square section galvanised steel profile.

The roof of the stage cantilevers forward 12m and has 1m structural depth. Regarding the design of the facade it is supplied by lighting technology. The lighting modules are made of 1300 LEDs. That allows animation to be programmed and screened on the walls.

Each platform is placed on four electric motors which are hidden underneath the carriage. Also, the stages are supplied by hydrophilic pistons. In that way the loads from the platforms go straight to the ground instead of to be bear by the wheel system.

Before the stage move, the pistons lift-up the deck with 20 cm.

Moreover, the raised platform prevents the construction from damages while transit. The

From this project i was interested in the track system.

Particular, in the hydraulic pistons which lowers the stage and in that way the wheel system do not bare the weight when platforms stay on place. Also, the opportunity rise-up the deck in a way to protect it against any cracks while slides.

fig98

Hamburg, Germany

fig99

The platforms

fig100 Section

fig101 Traveling time of the stages

fig102 Sketch of the rail sliding system

D 47

How 1st layout changed into 2nd iteration

Translation between the first iteration and the second one. The layout of the 1st scheme is highlighted in red and is placed on the top of the current section

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

fig103

Legend

D

1st iteration

49

Stages of the mechanical transformation

Stages 1. The first step of this changes is when the back part of the seats seating on piston lifts rise up.

2. Next step is the front seating segment which slide-in underneath the space below the rare auditorium.

3. Meanwhile, the stage which sit on hydraulic piston lifts-up and slowly moves toward the seating.

4. Also, in that time the flats slide on the rail system to their docking point.

5. Once the apartments appear to the final location the stage goes back to the initial spot and the ‘Nails’ open controlled by electric motors .

6. Last move in the auditorium zone is when the front seating platform goes back on its place.

7. Meanwhile all transformation happening on the ground, the transparent roof closes and the theatre skin is created.

Legend East facade departments Seats Stage nails Roof

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Stages of transformation

5 O slope

fig104 1. Open roof and closed nails

fig105 2. Rised-up seats, slided-in stage and flats in move

fig106 3. Closed roof, open nails and docked apartments

D 51

Comments from the Cross-crit

The second iteration is focused on mechanical system allowing the transformation • Sliding roof suspended to the existing buildings • Movable stage supplied with rail system • Adjustable seating area

One comment received from Susanne Isa was about the seating which should be fix with cross metal tube to prevent deforming.

Also, I was suggested to increase the volume of the nails, again. Another advice was to consider the level of the seats because of the viewing perspective point. Also, she adds to investigate demountable system for the seating area instead of adjustable structure which is not proper for this configuration. Demountable system will gave an opportunity to utilize less ground space. On this stage it was still missing the base for the elements.

Adjustable auditorium

Existing Building

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Legend

Issued zone

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

fig107

Seating space

Roof detail Existing Building

Roof

Rail system

Sliding system

Rail system

Stage opening

Stage

D

1:50 section

53

Details and technology behind them

To reveal this changes in this scheme are involved: • Motorized sliding roof system • Rail track system for the living blocks • Hydraulic piston which allows the seating space to adjust in height • Rails system for the front seating platform • Motorized stage elements • Adjustable in height and sliding system for the stage

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

fig108

Sketch of the platform

Drawings

fig109

D1

Sliding system for the apartments

fig110

Sliding roof

D2

fig111

fig112

Adjustable auditorium

D3

Stage opening and layers

D4

D2

Roof

D1 Rail system

D3

fig113

D4

D 55

Sliding transparent roof

Models

Sequences of opening

First attempt for the roof system I look at sliding system.

Using the knowledges from the investigation I made a 1:20 physical model testing it.

The main construction elements of it are: • Track • Leading beams • Fabric • Suspended to existing structure • Motorized or manually opening and closing

Further to that I add another layer with having gantry structure. In that way it fix the construction and works against cracking. With this model I decided to leave the roof without any electric supplies and to move manually. The issue with that model was the transparent material which gets really dirty quickly and it is visible. On another hand, the material it self do not resit the amount of weather changes in terms of long period of time and request often replacements.

Also, I made a video showing how the roof is working which could be found in the CD in the back of the book

fig114

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fig115

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1 Steel truss system 2 Steel column 3 L-shape bracket anchored to the existing 4 U-shape track 5 20mm Clear Tarpaulin Polyethylene 6 Existing building 7 Aluminium leading square beam 8 Screw

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fig116 6

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fig118

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Physical model in 1:10

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

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Fixing

fig117

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Rail system

Sliding apartments moments

Further to the research based on the rail system i made a computer model for the apartments which transit towards the inner space of the site. In that way the entrance space become triple human height tall. The rails in my propose are sitting on girded system. The beams and crosties are on the top of steel columns diagonal crossed to be more secured against cracking.

This computer model helped me to understand the structural side of the system and how i could adapt it according my design.

What might not work is the fact the whole grid is self-suspended.

fig119

Step 1

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fig120

fig121

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Shadow analyses

Key

1 Small apartment 2 Medium flat 3 Rail system 4 Steel square-shape column 200x200x3500mm 5 Steel circular-shape diagonal columns 6 Steel U-shape profile suspending the upper track 7 Cross-timber crostie 8 Square board 300x20x5000 mm 9 Pad foundation 300x300x600 10 Rail wheel d=245mm

Physical model in 1:20

D 57

Third Skim

Precedents and analyses

Auditorium: An Lanntair Arts Centre

In this project I am investigating the seating system which transforms regarding on the needs of the space. The system gives an opportunity the space to be used differently. Furthermore a key aspect is the compactness of the space. The platforms length is only 1500mm and 2100mm tall. In this theatre space the seats are allocated below the main auditorium and opens when more seating need it.

The analyses of this technology informs my design in a way to gives an flexibility of the space but also density in my transformable garden space with necessary seating space.

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

fig121

Stornoway, Isle of Lewis

fig122 Unfolding the seats

View from above

fig123

Folded condition

fig124

Opening the seating platform

fig125

Unfolded seats

Testing the seating technology

Section

Plan A 1

fig126

fig127

fig128

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A

fig129

fig130

D 59

Axo(without the seats)

HVB Forum

Over a century the HVB Forum originally was occupied by bank head offices and recently was converted into business event venue. The SEFARÂŽ Architecture asked to propose a solution of the open-air courtyard. The atrium was a head job of the renovation. The owner request the space to be adaptable retarding the weather condition but also to propose openness and lightness. Itself, the buildings the site were built around 1870s when the industrialization had influences over the aesthetic challenges in the architectural styles. Considering all the elements on the site and the client request, the architects came with the s8ggestion to place a retractable folding fabric roof. The covering area is 1000m2 and fits perfectly to the design of the surroundings buildings.

The roof is motorized. The fabric is sliding over 12 tensile cables along the short side of the square which covers. The fabric itself is 1600m2 . It is woven high strength expanded ePTPE fluoropolymers, fluoropolymer-coated which protecting the material minimizing the weather damages. Also, the material provides 38% light transparency. The used roof construction is called split-peat which works as drainage system.

The interested element in this case study is the lightweight solution of the opening system. The leading tensile cable are a key element which I will bring into my design of the roof system.

fig131

fig132 Opening

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Munich, Germany

View from below

fig133

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fig134

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fig135

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Detail 1

fig136

fig137

Detail 2

D 61

How 1st layout changed into 2nd iteration

I mirrored the design of the space because the sliding system do not allows changes in the ‘nails’ height and also when the people approach the central space they could go straight to the seating space rather then meets the stage. Also, I made changes at the roof slope from 9o to 5o

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Legend

2nd iteration

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

fig138

D

1:50 section

63

Consultation with a structural engineer

Comments and Suggested solutions

The second consultation with Tom Jordan from Barr Gazetas was concrete on how concrete platforms which could fictionalize as a walking path during the day on the graduation ceremony to be stage and seats. Also, I was interested if the selfsuspended roof might work better than in the roof is attached via L-shape brackets to the existing. He advices me to go with the self-suspended and also to increase the thickness of the gantry structure to prevent cracking

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Legend

Issued zone

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

fig140 Self-suspended roof with columns

fig139

fig141 Length of the truss

fig142 How the stage meets the ground

fig143 Adjustable concrete blocks

fig144 Adjustable concrete stage platform

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1:50 section

65

Sliding Roof

Models

Stages of opening

I am applying the same mechanism as I use in my previous model but here I replace the transparent element with vinyl-coated polyester fabric

The main construction elements of it are: • Track • Leading beams • Fabric • Suspended to existing structure • Motorized or manually opening and closing

Also, i made a video showing how the roof is working which could be found in the CD in the back of the book

fig145

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fig146

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1 Truss system 2 Column 3 L-shape bracket anchored to the existing 4 U-shape track 5 25mm white vinyl-coated polyester fabric 6 Existing building 7 Leading square beam 8 Nail

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fig147 6

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Physical model in 1:10

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

fig149 Close-up details of the model

fig148

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Retractable roof

Stages of opening

Similar to the sliding system, the retractable roof also use tracks to opens and close. The specific technology with them is that they can carry more weights and also could bear a frame construction. The advantage of this system is that the wheel are replaced by gears which ensure a better traction between the electric motor and the track. In a addition to the system I add a tensile cables along the structure which is helping to hold the frames on a place.

Furthermore, I moved from manual to mechanical opening via two electric motor on each edge. The idea comes from the Vienna town Hall Roof where he motors are placed on each beam.

Also, I made a video showing how the roof is working which could be found in the CD in the back of the book fig150

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fig151

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Key

1 Truss system 2 Column 3 L-shape bracket anchored to the existing 4 U-shape track 5 35mm white polycarbonate board 6 Existing building 7 Electric motor

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fig152

9 Timber frame for the polycarbonate

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Physical model in 1:10

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fig154 Close-up details of the model

fig153

D 4

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Final Technical iteration

Precedents and analyses

Kuwait Pavilion

The pavilion is another significant project designed by Santiago Calatrava engaging a rotation system in which I am interested in.

It is two floor structure: a raised covered piazza and lower area- an enclosed exhibition space. The piazza is 25m by 25m big with two curvilinear walls. To approach the platform you should use the stairs all along the long side of the site. The main material is laminated glass-marble surface. Santiago Calatrava was inspired by auditorium at Wolhen school. The timber elements sit on a reinforced concrete beams that run the length of the formal exhibition space. The distance between each beam is 2.4m. The 17 scimitar-shape ribs, 8 on left and 9 on right ,create the main articular structure. The timber elements are 25m each long programmed with 15 positions. They are computer-controled.

This controlling system provide an opportunities of varied patterns to be created by the rib positions. The combination of timber and concrete manifest the late phase of Reichtag project for movement of the articular dome.

The fascinated element is this project is advantages of creating beautiful patterns through the rotation of the ribs.

Also, I found interesting the combination of the concrete beams and cross-laminated timber elements. Actually, this computer technology and conception are want I would like to bring into my project

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

fig155

Seville, Spain

fig156

View from below

fig157

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fig158

3

Long section

fig154

fig159

Short section

Detail timber element fig160

D 69

Movable elements 1:50 Rotation East facade appartments Stage nails Roof

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

D 71

Technical section in 1:50

5O slope

Existing building

Retractable polycarbonate framed roof

Detail 2

Detail 1

‘Nails’ Detail 5 Stage

Legend

Dead loads Tensile pressure Live loads Hydrostatic pressure

Detail area Facade

Existing building

Detail 4

Sliding rail track

Detail 3

Auditorium

Axonometrics in 1:50

1:50 axo of the stage ‘Nail’

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Key

1 Steel Holder 2 24V electric motor 3 Gear 4 Rotation steel tube d300mm 5 Steel disc d300mm 6 Steel U-channel 7 Steel tube d20mm 8 Steal plate 400x20x600mm 9 Timber boards 300x20x3200mm 10 Clear acrylic board d25mm 11 Cross-laminated timber boards 200x50x3200mm 12 Bolt and nut d10mm

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Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

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1:50 axo of the stage ‘Stairs’

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Key

1 Steel Holder 2 24V electric motor 3 Gear 4 Rotation steel tube d300mm 5 Steel disc d300mm 6 Steel U-channel 7 Steel tube d20mm 8 Steal plate 400x20x600mm 9 Timber boards 300x20x3200mm 10 Cross-laminated timber segment 200x50x3200mm

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Details in 1:10

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14

15 16 Detail 1 Key

1 Decking timber board 120x50x2400mm 2 Cross-laminated timber boards 3 200x50x3200mm 4 Screw d15mm 5 Steel tube d25mm 6 Mteal plate 400x20x600mm 7 Rubber panels 1200x1200x50mm 8 Timber beam 30x30x3200 9 OSB panel 2400x2400x50mm Stairs 10 Timber beam 50x50x3200mm 11 Drainage channel 12 Drainage pipe 13 Rainforced concrete 14 Base 15 Subbase

G

16 Clay layer 16 DPM 10mm

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

7 2 7 10

8

6

16

3

17

1 9

4

5 12

2 15

7

14

Key

1 Steel truss 2 Clear polycarbonate board750x1500x35mm 3 Screw d10mm 4 Leading tube d25mm 5 24V electric motor 6 Steel plate 7 Aluminium beam for polucarbonate 8 Clear Seal

11

18

9 Track 10 Gear 11 Drainage channel 12 Drainage pipe 13 L- bracket 14 Hinge 15 Adhesive DPM 10mm 16 Steel beam 20x20x16000mm 17 L-shape steel profile 18 Steel Column

18

11 13 6

10

3

5

1

4 17

9

12 11

13 2

12 14

Detail 2

15

7

D 77

Detail 3

5 3 9

1

4

2 6 5

1

Key

G

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

1 RAinforce concrete 2 Screw d15mm 3 Drainage channel 4 Drainage pipe 5 Pavement 100mm 6 Square steel profile d3mm 7 8 Decking board 20x220x2400mm 9 Steel element holding the staitracse

Detail 4

1 8 2

9

10 5

4

11

6

Key

1 Steel truss 2 Clear polycarbonate board750x1500x35mm 3 Screw d10mm 4 Leading tube d25mm 5 Aluminium beam for polucarbonate 6 Clear Seal 7 Track 8 Gear 9 Hinge

7

10 Adhesive DPM 10mm 11 L-shape steel profile

4 8

9

2 7

5

10

11

1

D 79

Detail 5

2

2

6

9 1

15

13

1

3 8

4

1

10

11

14

12

Key

1 RAinforce concrete 2 Screw d15mm 3 Drainage channel 4 Drainage pipe 5 MEtal plate 20mm 6 Steel roof colimn 7 DPM 10mm 8 Steel element holding the staitracse 9 Insulation 10mm 10 Base 11 Subbase 12 Clay layer

G

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

13 Concrete pad Fondation 500x600x1000mm 14 Concrete Pile 15 Rainforce

D 81

Drawings

Axonometric 1:50 (original scale)

theatre layout

Retractable polycarbonate framed roof

‘Nails’

Stage

Auditorium

G

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

D 83

Exploded axonometric 1:50 (original scale)

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

G

D 85

Sliding System

Models

Final approach with the roof modelling I decided to test the sliding system being self-suspended and i stick to the 25mm white vinyl-coated polyester fabric

Also, i made a video showing how the roof is working which could be found in the CD in the back of the book

Stages of opening

Collage showing the waving stages

Collage showing the waving stages

Collage showing the waving stages

G

Physical model in 1:10

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Collage showing the waving stages

Collage showing the waving stages

D 87

Retractable Roof

Models

Final approach with the roof modelling I decided to test the retractable system being self-suspended and I stick to the 35 mm white polycarbonate.

Also, i made a video showing how the roof is working which could be found in the CD in the back of the book.

Stages of opening

1

2

7

Key

3

1

1 Truss system 2 Column 3 L-shape bracket anchored to the existing 4 U-shape track 5 25mm white vinyl-coated polyester fabric 6 Existing building 7 Leading square beam 8 Nail

2 3 6

4

8 5

Physical model in 1:10

G

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Close-up details of the model

4

D 89

V. Conclusion

G

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Conclusion

Looking at the case studies and making model based on the technology which is involved develop the design of the central space. The unsuccessful attempts help a lot in a way to understand the influence of each element in the whole system.

Furthermore, making physical models offer better experience in terms of testing either specific material or constructional segments in which trusses and columns. Regarding the investigation in the filed of the mechanical transformation i reaize that concidering and making decision is important. Therfore deciding how, when, how often and where are key drivers during the research. In my opinion, the topic is really interesting and there is a lot of information and new systems. That gives a way more freedom of testing and finding out the appropriate technology to the design. In the end, i could conclude that the systems which were tested in the technical part are quite succesful. Also, the changes in the design improve it and the whole idea of the graduation ceremony could be revelaved in my project.

D 93

VI. Original Drawings

VII. RMS

Hoxton Student Accommodation Technical Research Method Statement

By Galina Dimova Unit 7 Design Tutors: Ned Scott + Yorgos Loizos Technical Tutors: Kieran Hawkins + Simon Herron

Contents:

I. SITE 1. Site Location / Description 2. Site Environment 3. Site Context 4. Site Strategy

II.SUBJECT RMS 5. Subject Area 6. Type Of Technology you are interested in and why it is relevant to your project.

7. Type Of Materials you are interested in and why they are relevant to your project.

8. Examples Of Buildings / artworks / technologies from others working in the field that are similar to your focus 9. How Have These Technologies been developed The Examples You Are Looking at?

10. What maybe your current research methods?

11. Reference list

I. SITE

Crondall Court

Evelyn Court

Falstaff House

Bianc a Hous e

T CBs

Neighbourhood Of fice

Hous e a ndaHouse Miranda Mir

Ha ll

Bletchley Court

Stanway Court

Stanway Court

Hous

Club

House

L loyd

Hous e Cha rmia nHouse Charmian

Marie

Linale

PO

EY

T haxt ed Court

e

A rden Hous e

on Hous

Court

Hat haw ay Hous e

Allerton House Barlow House

Court

Cat herwood

Cat herwood

Court

St Leonard's

Aske House

Court

Brine James House

1. Site Location / Description

AD

St John the Baptist's Church

Hals t ea d Court

e ce Hous

A llert

Cust an

RO

HACKN

e

Catherwood

Rhodes House

FA NS HA W S T REET

W orks

Finn House

Moneyer

Fairc hild Hous e

Finn House

House

Nile H

ouse

EET HER STR

Enf ield Clois trers EY RO

AD

HAB ERDAS

Burt t Hous e

Regmar House

Old Market Square

e

Polic S tation

Works

Edward Dodd Court

Cullum Welch Court

SURROUNDING BUILDING F

HACKN

Warehouse

Car Park

Charles Gardner Court

er Co

urt

The location of my project is Hoxton Square in South Shoreditch. The site is part of circus school and fictionalizes as backyard. The investigation on the site lead me to the design a student accommodation. The project will provide a living, sharing and public space for students from both institutes: University of Westminster and National Centre for Circus Arts. The purpose of it is to place two different communities of student to live together and to share spaces such as library,study rooms, kitchen etc. The site sits on co-ordinates 51.5275° N, 0.0826° W. EA S T

R OA

D

S t Monica' s RC Church

S t Monica' s Youth Club

Ian B

owat

Royal Oak Court

Anthony Cope Court

Ralph Brook Court

CO LUMBIA

Aske Gardens

RO AD

Leopold Buildings

Marten

H ouse

Wakefield Hous e

HOXTON SQUARE LIVING OR OFFI NOT MAT

Chart House

Mildmay

Works

Mission

Touchard House

Hospital

Hall

House

CITY

W ingfield

ROAD

Parkins on Court

Moorfields

Eye Hospital

K emp

House

Bank

Municipal

St Leonard's Church

Buildings

Sunbury

W orkshops

Vince

Court

Sunbury

e

Court

A de

Godf rey House

yfield

House

K ens

wort

Sut t

h Hous

t at on Es

Chaulde

e

Fire

St at

ion

House

House

Virginia

SHORED ITCH HIGH STREET

Cranwood

Hous

Gaddesden

s St Luke' Primary School

Taplow

Primary School

CALVERT

AVEN

UE

e

GREA T EA S T ERN

n House

S T REET

OLD

ST REET

Boundary Gardens

PH

Cope

Hous

e

Albert House

Newland Court

Rochelle

Newland

Court

House

House

Clifton

Cookham

Benson House

Abingdon House

Telephone Exchange

House

Hedsor House

Lo ndon College of Fas hion

Laleham House

Telephone Exchange

REET OLD ST

Steadman Court

W alton

Centre

Bartholomew Court

St Hilda's East Community Centre

Aerial view HOXTON SQUARE

SOUTH SHOREDITCH AREA RESEARCH

SURROUNDING BUILDING FACADE, NATIONAL CENTRE FOR CIRCUS ARTS AND WESTMINSTER STUDENT ACCOMODATION

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES AND GREEN SPACES

Club

House PO

Falstaff House

HOXTON SQUARE IS CHARACTERIZED BY OLD WAREHOUSE BUILDING RECENTLY CONVERTED INTO LIVING OR OFFICE SPACES. REGARDING TO THE FAÇADES, MOST OF THE WINDOWS LEVEL DO NOT MATCH TO THE LEVEL OF THE WINDOWS TO THE BUILDING NEXT TO IT.

Stanway Court

EY

T haxt ed Court

BUILDING USES

Fellows Court

N

Bletchley Court Neighbourhood Of fice

House

W orks

Linale

Hous

T haxt ed Court

Cust an

AD EY RO HACKN

St Leonard's

W orks

AD

D RO AD

EY RO

HAB ERDAS

AD EY RO

Polic S tation

e

Mission

er C ourt

Mildmay

owat

owat

Royal Oak Court

Ian B

D R OA

RO AD

Anthony Cope Court

Ralph Brook Court

D R OA

Leopold Buildings

use en Ho Mart

H ouse

W orkshops

Marten

Sunbury

Works Works

(disused)

House

Station

D

W ingfield

ROAD Parkins on Court

Moorfields

Boundary

Eye Hospital

Gardens

Bank

PH

House

CITY

Parkins on Court

House

W ingfield

Shoreditch

OA

K emp

Hospital

R

Eye Hospital

S T REET ST REET

Touchard House

Hall

Hall

CITY

House

Moorfields

GREA T EA S T ERN

n House

Municipal Buildings

e

K emp

St Leonard's Church

Sunbury

House

W orkshops

Bank

Vince

Municipal

Court

Albert House Sunbury Factory

SHOREDITCH

A de yfield House

s St Luke' Primary School

St Hilda's East Community

K ens

SHORED ITCH HIGH STREET

e

Court

House

Hous

Sunbury

W orkshops

Sunbury

Hous Gaddesden

wort

Sut t

h Hous

t at on Es

e

Fire

St at

ion

House

House

Virginia

Taplow

Primary School

CALVERT

AVEN

UE

3

e

Centre Boundary Gardens

Chaulde

GREA T EA S T ERN

n House

S T REET OLD

Cope

St Leonard's Church

Vince Court

House Taplow

UE

Cranwood

AVEN

Buildings

House

Virginia Primary School

CALVERT

House

Telephone Exchange

Benson House

Abingdon House

GREA T EA S T ERN

Lo ndon College of Fas hion

Clifton

Hedsor House

Telephone Exchange

Godf rey House

S tation

Cookham

Fire

e

House

h House

tat on Es

W alton

Centre

wort

Sutt

Laleham House

House

K ens

SHOR EDITCH HIG H STREET

e

Rochelle

ield

OLD

Hous

den

Adeyf

Godfrey Hous e

Steadman Court

s uke' St L Primary School

ST REET

Court

Gaddes

Court

Cranwood

Newland Court

Newland

Bartholomew Court

RO AD

Chart House

Works

Mission

Fire

e

UE

Mildmay

e

S t reet Old O ld Street rat es' Magistrates' Magist Court Court

Hospital

h Hous

t at on Es

Taplow

Primary School

AVEN

Mission

Court

yfield

wort

Sut t

OLD

Hous

House

Virginia

SHORED ITCH HIGH STREET

Cranwood

A de

Godf rey House

K ens

Chaulde

Cope

House

Mildmay

Sunbury Touchard House

CALVERT

Leopold Buildings

Wakefield Hous e

Buildings

s St Luke' Primary School

CO LUMBIA

Aske Gardens

Wakef ield House

Parkins on Court

EA S T

ROAD

S t Monica' s RC Church

EAS T

CO LUMBIA FollinghamCourt Court Follingham

House W ingfield

Chart House St Leonard's Church

Municipal

Works

ion St at

S t Monica' s Youth Club

Monic a' s SSttMonica's Church RC RC Church

Monica's SSttMonica's Club Yout YouthhClub

Hall

er Co

urt

Hospital

Anthony Cope Court

Old Market Square Charles Gardner Court

Vince

e

Works

Edward Dodd Court

Cullum Welch Court

Court

Hous Gaddesden

Enf ield Clois trers

HACKN

owat Ian B D EA S T

R OA

Police S tat ion Ian B

EET HER STR

Warehouse

Car Park Royal Oak Court

CITY Bank

Regmar House

Old Market Square

Charles Gardner Court

Aske Gardens

House

ouse

Works

Edward Dodd Court

Ralph Brook Court

K emp

Fairc hild Hous e

Finn House

House

Geffrye Centre

Touchard House

Moorfields

Moneyer

Nile H Enfield Enfield ers Cloist Cloisters

KIN G SLAN

er Co

urt

T REET HER S

Cullum Welch Court

Burt t Hous e

H ouse

Leopold Buildings

t Hous e BurtHouse Burtt

Wakefield Hous e

Marten

House

Regmar House

HAB ERDAS

Eye Hospital

Brine James House

Rhodes

RO AD

1

FA NS HA W S T REET Finn House

Mc Gregor C ourt

S t Monica' s Youth Club

S t Monica' s RC Church

CO LUMBIA use

Warehouse

Works

AD

Aske House

Court

Old Market Square

Fairchild Hous e

Finn House

House

Nile Ho

Aske Gardens

Chart House

Car Park

A rden Hous e

e

Court

FA NS HA W S T RE ET

Finn House

Moneyer

Royal Oak Court

SHOREDITCH

RO

Hat haw ay Hous e

Allerton House Barlow House

Court

Cat herwood

House

e

Polic S tation

Rhodes

The Community College (Shoreditch Campus)

Aske House

Works

Brine James House

Warehouse

Edward Dodd Court

Aske House

Cat herwood

Court

Burt t Hous e

Court

St Leonard's

Anthony Cope Court

EY HACKN

Hals t ea d Court

e ce Hous

Catherwood

Enf ield Clois trers

Charles Gardner Court

Ralph Brook Court

Stanway Court

St John the Baptist's Church

on Hous

Sebastian House

Hat haway House

Allerton House Barlow House

Court

Cullum Welch Court

PO

Court

Cat herwood

EET HER STR

Club

House

A llert

House

A rden House

Aller ton

Court

Cat herwood

HAB ERDAS

L loyd

e

ouse Regmar House

Crondall Court

AD

Hous e Cha rmia nHouse Charmian

Rhodes

Cat herwood

Nile H

RO

St John the Baptist's Church

Hals t ead Court

House

Cust ance

Evelyn Court

Stanway Court EY HACKN Marie

T haxt ed Court

Fairc hild Hous e

T CBs

PO

FA NS HA W S T REET

Brine James House

Club

Marie

House

Linale

Hous e Charmian CharmianHouse

Court

Aske House House Lloyd

Court

Finn House

House

Car Park

Fellows Court

Stanway Court

Ha ll

Crondall Court

Evelyn Court

Stanway Court

St Leonard's

Finn House

Moneyer

Bianc a Hous e

T CB s

Court

Cat herwood

Cat herwood

Neighbourhood Off ice

Allerton House Barlow House

Hous e a ndaHouse Miranda Mir

Bianca Hous e

Hall

Hat haw ay Hous e

House MirandaHouse Miranda

e

A rden Hous e

on Hous Bletchley Court

Catherwood

Falstaff House

Hals t ea d Court

e ce Hous

AD

St John the Baptist's Church

A llert

Cust an

Court

RO

HACKN

e

W orks

L loyd

Hous e Cha rmia nHouse Charmian

Hous

HACKN

Crondall Court

Evelyn Court

Stanway Court

Marie

Linale

Falstaff House

T CBs

Neighbourhood Of fice

Hous e a ndaHouse Miranda Mir

Bianc a Hous e

Ha ll

Bletchley Court

ST REET

Boundary Gardens

e

PH Albert House

Cope

Hous

e

Newland Court

Albert House

Court

Rochelle

Court

Cookham

House

House

Hedsor House

Benson House

Abingdon House

Telephone Exchange

Laleham House

Lo ndon College of Fas hion

Clifton

Telephone Exchange

REET OLD ST

Steadman Court

House

House

Centre

W alton

Centre

Bartholomew Court

House

Clifton

Cookham

House

1:2500

LONDON BOROUGHS MAP

Newland

St Hilda's East Community

Benson House

Abingdon House

Telephone Exchange

W alton

Centre

Hedsor House

London C ollege of Fas hion

Laleham House

Telephone Exchange

T REET OLD S

Steadman Court

Newland Court

Rochelle

Newland Bartholomew Court

St Hilda's East Community Centre

HOXTON SQUARE SURROUNDING BUILDING FACADE, NATIONAL CENTRE FOR CIRCUS ARTS AND WESTMINSTER STUDENT ACCOMODATION

4

HOXTON SQUARE IS CHARACTERIZED BY OLD WAREHOUSE BUILDING RECENTLY CONVERTED INTO LIVING OR OFFICE SPACES. REGARDING TO THE FAÇADES, MOST OF THE WINDOWS LEVEL DO NOT MATCH TO THE LEVEL OF THE WINDOWS TO THE BUILDING NEXT TO IT.

BUILDING HEIGHTS(STOREY BRACKET) Falstaff House

Fellows Court Stanway Court

Bianc a Hous e

Ha ll

Bletchley Court

T CBs

Neighbourhood Of fice

Stanway Court

Hous e Charmian House Charmian

Club

Crondall Court

Evelyn Court

Hous e a ndaHouse Miranda Mir

Bianca Hous e

House MirandaHouse Miranda

Falstaff House

Fellows Court

Crondall Court

N

Stanway Court

Stanway Court RO

AD

L loyd

Hous e Cha rmia nHouse Charmian

EY HACKN

Marie

T haxt ed Court

Club

House PO

St John the Baptist's Church

Linale

Hous

EY

T haxt ed Court

RO

AD

HACKN

e

St John the Baptist's Church

Hals t ead Court

Hals t ea d Court

e ce Hous

A llert

House

on Hous e

A rden Hous e

A rden House

Aller ton

Cust an

Sebastian House

Hat haway House

Court Catherwood

Allerton House

Cat herwood

Hat haw ay Hous e

Allerton House Barlow House

Court

St Leonard's

Aske House

Court

Brine James House

The Community College (Shoreditch Campus)

Aske House

Court

Brine James House

Aske House

Court

Cat herwood

St Leonard's

FA NS HA W S T RE ET

FA NS HA W S T REET

House

Finn House

Mc Gregor C ourt

Moneyer

AD

AD

Works Old Market Square

Charles Gardner Court

er Co

owat

D R OA

Royal Oak Court

Anthony Cope Court

Ralph Brook Court

use en Ho

EA S T

HOXTON

Leopold Buildings

HOXTON SQUARE IS CHARACTERIZED BY OLD WAREHOUSE BUILDING RECENTLY CONVERTED INTO LIVING OR OFFICE SPACES. REGARDING TO THE FAÇADES, MOST OF THE WINDOWS LEVEL DO NOT MATCH TO THE LEVEL OF THE WINDOWS TO THE BUILDING NEXT TO IT.

Wakef ield House

Marten

Works Works

Mildmay

Leopold Buildings

Touchard House

Mission

(disused)

Works

Mildmay

Hospital

S t reet Old O ld Street rat es' Magistrates' Magist Court Court

7

Chart House

Mission

Touchard House

CO

Aske Gardens

H ouse

Chart House

AD LUMBIA RO

Wakefield Hous e

Mart

R OA

D

S t Monica' s RC Church

EAS T

RO AD

FollinghamCourt Court Follingham

Aske Gardens

S t Monica' s Youth Club

Monic a' s SSttMonica's Church RC RC Church

CO LUMBIA

Ian B

Ian B

urt

SURROUNDING BUILDING FACADE, NATIONAL CENTRE FOR CIRCUS ARTS AND WESTMINSTER STUDENT ACCOMODATION

Monica's SSttMonica's Club Yout YouthhClub

Anthony Cope Court

Ralph Brook Court

4

N

EY RO

HACKN

Enf ield Clois trers

Warehouse

Edward Dodd Court

e

er C ourt

EET HER STR

Cullum Welch Court

Polic S tation

Car Park

HACKN

EY RO

HAB ERDAS

Old Market Square

Royal Oak Court

owat

Regmar House

HOXTON SQUARE

Works

Charles Gardner Court

2

ouse

Burt t Hous e

Geffrye Centre Warehouse

Edward Dodd Court

Fairc hild Hous e

Finn House

House

Nile H Enfield Enfield ers Cloist Cloisters

D RO AD

T REET HER S

KIN G SLAN

HAB ERDAS

t Hous e BurtHouse Burtt

Regmar House

Cullum Welch Court

W orks

Fairchild Hous e

Finn House

e

Rhodes

yer

W orks

Finn House

Hall

Hospital

Hall Station

House

House

CITY

W ingfield

ROAD

Parkins on Court

Shoreditch

W ingfield

Parkins on Court

Moorfields Eye Hospital

Municipal Buildings

K emp

St Leonard's Church

Sunbury

House

W orkshops

Bank

Vince

Municipal

Court

Sunbury

e

Factory

SHOREDITCH

Fire

S tation

CALVERT

AVEN

UE

Hous

e

Gaddesden

A de yfield

House

e

K ens

House

s St Luke' Primary School

GREA T EA S T ERN

Court

ield

h House

tat on Es

W orkshops

Sunbury

Godf rey House

Adeyf wort

Sutt

Sunbury

Vince Court

House Taplow

SHORED ITCH HIGH STREET

Court

K ens

St Leonard's Church

Buildings

House

Virginia Primary School

Cranwood

SHOR EDITCH HIG H STREET

Hous

Cranwood

Gaddes

den

wort

Sut t

h Hous

t at on Es

e

Fire

St at

ion

Chaulde

House

Virginia

Taplow

Primary School

CALVERT

AVEN

UE

e

Boundary Gardens

House

GREA T EA S T ERN

n House

S T REET OLD

ST REET

Boundary Gardens PH

Albert House

Cope

Hous

e

Albert House

Cookham

House

House

Telephone Exchange

St Hilda's East Community

Benson House

Lo ndon College of Fas hion

Abingdon House

1:2500

House

Hedsor House

Telephone Exchange

REET OLD ST

Steadman Court

Laleham House

Centre

Clifton

Benson House

Abingdon House

St Hilda's East Community

W alton

Centre

House

Bartholomew Court

House

Clifton

Cookham

House

Newland

Rochelle

W alton

Centre

Newland Court

Rochelle

Hedsor House

Telephone Exchange

Laleham House

Telephone Exchange

London C ollege of Fas hion

SHOREDITCH BOROUGHS MAP

Court

Centre

N 1

7

N

L loyd

House

T haxt ed Court

Cust an

e

A rden Hous e

on Hous

Cat herwood Court

Court

St Leonard's

Rhodes House

Falstaff House

W orks Fairc hild Hous e

Finn House

House

EET HER STR

5

5

7

Enf ield Clois trers AD

HAB ERDAS

Burt t Hous e

Regmar House

EY RO HACKN

Warehouse

e Polic S tation

Works

Edward Dodd Court

Cullum Welch Court

Old Market Square

er Co

urt

Charles Gardner Court

owat Ian B EA S T

R OA

D

S t Monica' s RC Church

S t Monica' s Youth Club

CO LUMBIA

Aske Gardens

H ouse

Wakefield Hous e

Marten

4

RO AD

Leopold Buildings

8

Chart House

Works

4

Mildmay

Touchard House

Mission

HOXTON SOUTH

6

Hospital

Hall

House

CITY Parkins on Court

K emp

House

Bank Municipal

St Leonard's Church

Buildings

Sunbury

Sunbury

Court

A de

Godf rey House

yfield House

s St Luke' Primary School

K ens

SHORED ITCH HIGH STREET

Cranwood

e

wort

Sut t

h Hous

t at on Es

Chaulde

e

Fire

ion St at

House

House

Virginia

Taplow

Primary School

CALVERT

AVEN

UE

e

GREA T EA S T ERN

n House

NATIONAL CENTRE FOR CIRCUS ARTS

S T REET OLD

ST REET

Boundary Gardens PH

Cope

Hous

e

Albert House

Newland Court Rochelle

Newland

Court

Cookham House

St Hilda's East Community Centre

4

House

Benson House

Site analyses

Telephone Exchange

Abingdon House

2

Lo ndon College of Fas hion

House

Hedsor House

1:2500

Laleham House

Telephone Exchange

REET OLD ST

Clifton

Steadman Court

W alton

Centre

Bartholomew Court

HOXTON BOROUGH MAP

3

BUILDINGS SITE WESTMINSTER ACCOMMODATION

W orkshops

Vince Court

Hous Gaddesden

5

4

3

CORONET ST 8

KEY:

W ingfield

ROAD

Moorfields Eye Hospital

CORONET ST 8

6 5

7

Royal Oak Court

Anthony Cope Court

Ralph Brook Court

2

6

ouse

1:1250 Car Park

Brine James House

Aske House

FA NS HA W S T REET Finn House

Moneyer

Nile H

HOXTON SQUARE

AD

3

Hat haw ay Hous e

Allerton House Barlow House

1

RO

Hals t ea d Court

e ce Hous

Court Catherwood

Court

2

EY HACKN

St John the Baptist's Church

A llert

CORONET ST 8

Cat herwood

3

N

Stanway Court

Stanway Court

Club

PO

e

7 4

Crondall Court

HOXTON SQUARE

Hous

GREEN AND OPEN SPACES

5 Evelyn Court

Hous e Cha rmia nHouse Charmian

Marie

Linale

6 5

Bianc a Hous e

T CBs

Neighbourhood Of fice

Hous e a ndaHouse Miranda Mir

Ha ll

Bletchley Court

HOXTON SQUARE

3 3

HOXTON SQUARE

7

1

KEY: CAMERA POSITION COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL PUBLIC 4-6 STORY 7-8 STORY 1-3 STORY 9+ STORY GREEN SPACES BUILDINGS SITE Old Street Station

2

1

2

1

1:1250

1:1250

Site map

6

8

Site images KEY:

3

2. Site Environment The east face of the site is mainly illuminated until lunch and the south side of the site is in light in the afternoons. The wind around the site is with west direction and speed of 5.1 m/s. However, the surrounding buildings work as a shield and the site is considered as calm spot. The superficial geology shows that ground is consisted by sand and gravel.

Shadows analyses

Wind direction

2-4

HOXTON SQUARE

10

N

8:30

8

9

CORONET ST

HOXTON SQUARE

SUN PATH ANALYSE MORNING, LUNCH AND AFTERNOON

5

CORONET ST

12:00

N

2-4

Rainfall average

HOXTON SQUARE

16:30

CORONET ST

1

SITE ANALYSES

12

7

N

Soil map

CORONET STREET ELEVATION

11 HOXTON SQUARE ELEVATION

Sun path during the summer and winter

16:30

CORONET ST

CORONET ST

CORONET ST

3. Site Context

12:00

In the past, the building around Hoxton square were warehouse lately converted into modern dwelling and offices spaces. In fact, after the changes most of the buildings still have the initial brick facade. Also, recently several roof extensions were added on the existing buildings. The chosen site itself in the past was Shoreditch Electric Light Station. Now, it is transformed into ‘National Centre for Circus Arts’ providing offices, studios, training spaces and storages for students all around the world. However, a second driver for the project is Westminster accommodation for allocated on south-west next of Hoxton Square.

HOXTON SQUARE

HOXTON SQUARE

HOXTON SQUARE

N

8:30

N

N

Views from the map

Elevation drawings

HOXTON SQUARE

Historic maps

EXTENSION OF BUILDING ON THE SITE,ANALYSES

48

8

49-50

2-4

5

7

1

52

9

10

11

51

2

1

3 HOXTON SQUARE STREET

N 11 10 9 8 HOXTON SQUARE

7

5

12

1

2-4

5

7

8

9

10

3 2 1

11 HOXTON SQUARE ELEVATION

1870

2-4

CORONET

ST 1

4

5

52

51

49-50

48

1:500

LEGEND 12

4

12

2-4

5

GREEN SPACES BUILDINGS SITE WESTMINSTER ACCOMMODATION BUILDINGS FOR DEMOLITION

CORONET STREET

12

NATIONAL CENTRE FOR CIRCUS ARTS

2-4 CORONET STREET ELEVATION

CAMERA POSITION 12

SITE NUMBER

1920

12

7

5

HOXTON SQUARE HOXTON SQUARE

A

Section of Electric station

N

A

1970

CORONET ST

LEGEND BUILDING FOR DEMOLITION

4. Site Strategy

Hoxton Square

As I mention above, the key approach of this project is to develop living space for two different students in a way to reflects their characters.

The site has two main accesses to the roads: East facing Hoxton St and South entrance facing Coronet St. Additionally, the acrobatic part of the accommodation is having internal link to the National Centre for Circus Arts. Diagram 1 bellow presents the orientation of the living spaces regarding to the borders around the site and the main entrances in the building. The east faรงade has the same brick cladding system as the surrounding building on Hoxton square and it will not suggest the actual purpose of the building. However, the west face on the site is having more eccentric design reflecting the interior space.

Coronet St

G floor in site context

II.SUBJECT RMS

5. Subject Area The design of my project is a student accommodation providing living spaces for students with two different identities and central public realm with two phases. Condition ‘A’ initially purpose an open-air space which functionalize as a meeting/chilling point with benches, trees, food hut, etc. However, once in a month, the central public space transforms and become phase ‘B’. Phase ‘B’ purpose a theatrical space where circus students perform, and other students/people are invited to enjoy the magical circus art. Three key movements have influences over the modification from phase ‘A’ into phase ‘B’. The technical research is focused on these three key elements. Bellow on the diagram, the components are highlighted as follow:

1. Movable South façade, providing wider entrance space.

2. Lightweight roof above the public realm which slides-in and out.

3. The ‘Nails’ on the stage open and close.

Public realm phase ‘A’ and ‘B’

Phase ‘A’

Hoxton Square

Open Roof and closed ‘Nails’

Section

Plan

South facade which will slide-in and out

Coronet St Close Roof and open ‘Nails’

2nd floor in site context Phase ‘B’

Plan

Section

Element 3

Element 2

Element 1

6. Type Of Technology you are interested in and why it is relevant to your project.

As I mention above, I am interested in three drivers with mechanical technology influencing the condition of the ‘Public Realm’. Element ‘1’ involve moving technique of the south façade which slides in and out, in a way to propose opening which invites the people to enter the site.

Component ‘2’ is fabric roof/tent. As is it shown in the section ,bellow, the roof is attached to the existing building and close when condition ‘B’ is released. The third key segment of phase ‘B’ is the ‘Nails’ on the stage. The technology behind them is computer control ‘Nails’ which open once in a month. In that way the space has more theatrical and eccentric look.

Closed ‘Nails’

Existing Building

Existing Building

Section

Open ‘Nails’

7. Type Of Materials you are interested in and why they are relevant to your project.

The main drivers for materials are to be lightweight and strong. For example, the spaces behind the south façade are designed to be living spaces for acrobatic student. Each room is made by wooden frames and they are vertically connected to each other. The frames are made by ‘Douglas Fir’ or ‘Fir Plywood’, which are constructively strong and lightweight. The G floor rooms will be supplied by wheels which lay on rails. The supported structure of the roof should be lightweight and strong enough to hold the opening mechanism and the material of the roof. Following that, for the skeleton I am looking at metals such as aluminium and titanium. The fabric is top coasted polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). It is soft, pliable and cost-effective membrane material.

8. Examples Of Buildings / artworks / technologies from others working in the field that are similar to your focus • The first example Theatre de Kampanje explores the technology of pre-configuration and adaptation of the space using gantry system.

Flexible Hall

Flexible Hall

G floor plan

Theatre Hall

Section Theatre hall

• Sliding House(Cambridge) project is based on the idea of rearrangement of 4 key structure. All of them are placed on 33m railway tracks and supplied with 14 wheels powered by 24V electric motors. Similar example of adjusted structure is Spielbudenplatz(Hamburg). Here, the stage is hydraulically raised 15-20m and then could move on the rail tracks.

1. Sliding House(Cambridge)

2. Spielbudenplatz(Hamburg)

• Currently, for the retractable fabric roof I am looking at Vienna Town Hall(Vienna) project, Hotel Charleston(Columbia) and HVB Bank, Convertible Open-Air Atrium(Munich). The supporting structure consists: fixed beams, horizontal tensile loads, motors on each edge to move the tracked fabric and fabric(membrane).

1. Town Hall(Vienna)

2. Hotel Charleston(Columbia)

3. HVB Bank, Convertible Open-Air Atrium(Munich)

• • For the ‘Nails’ movements on the stage will be investigated the technology behind the projects by Santiago Calatrava, Shadow Machine, Kuwait and CH-91 Pavilions. They explore the techniques of openings and closes pre-set in a computer. The hydraulic piston system allows moves of the moving elements in the project. All projects are part of kinetic architecture.

1. Shadow Machine

2. Kuwait Pavilion

3. CH-91 Pavilion

9. How Have These Technologies been developed The Examples You Are Looking at?

The technology from Sliding house uses four 24V electric motors which powered by electricity. Second charging option them is to use eight 12V car batteries and the future method is to use photovoltaic solar cells. As I mention above for Spielbudenplatz, engineers decide to use also hydraulic lifts. On one side, the wheels do not bear the weight of the stage when is parked. On second point, this avoids damages on edges of the stage while transit. Further to these facts, I am planning to combine concept of supplying the motors by photovoltaic solar cells and using hydraulic push-ups preventing any damages. The investigation of the retractable roof proposes the innovation in the system using new materials and equipment. In my project the roof is waved compared to the examples which are flat and horizontal. The Calatrava examples describes how high-tech structures are influenced by computer which provides smooth and beautiful moves of the opening elements.

10. What maybe your current research methods?

Main method of researching is computer modelling of the systems. Also, series of physical models testing materials strengths and quality. The information form websites and books are guides of how the specific technologies are applied and will help me to insert into subjective area in my technical dissertation.

11. Reference list • Books Kottas, D.,2012, Architecture & Construction In: Metal, Links, UK Ishii, K., 1999, Membrane designs and structures in the world, Shinkenchiku-sha, Tokyo Drew, P.,2008, New tent architecture, Thames & Hudson, New York Schumacher, M., Schaeffer, O., Vogt, M., 2010, Move: Architecture in Motion - Dynamic Components and Elements, Birkhauser Verlag AG Ishii, K., 2000, Structural Design of Retractable Roof Structures, WITPress, Japan Polano, S.,1996, Santiago Calatrava : complete works, Electa, Milan • Websites: https://www.uni-systems.com/projects/hotel-charleston https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-precipitation-Rainfall,London,United-Kingdom https://www.suncalc.org/#/51.528,-0.0823,19/2019.01.25/07:52/1/3 https://www.bgs.ac.uk/products/digitalmaps/digmapgb_drift.html http://www.archiexpo.com/prod/sefar/product-61070-923046.html#product-item_242393

V. Bibliography

Bibliography

Books Kottas, D.,2012, Architecture & Construction In: Metal, Links, UK Ishii, K., 1999, Membrane designs and structures in the world, Shinkenchiku-sha, Tokyo Drew, P.,2008, New tent architecture, Thames & Hudson, New York Schumacher, M., Schaeffer, O., Vogt, M., 2010, Move: Architecture in Motion - Dynamic Components and Elements, Birkhauser Verlag AG Ishii, K., 2000, Structural Design of Retractable Roof Structures, WITPress, Japan Polano, S.,1996, Santiago Calatrava : complete works, Electa, Milan

G

Galina Dimova / BUIL 1074

Images Note: Images by author unless listed p.13 fig9 available at: http://shoreditchelectric.com/cache/images/img_7317_1_ cc0ae061a498294-6-1176x660-st.jpg Image 10: Google map screenshot Fig29: Screenshotted map from google maps Fig 21-28; 31-34; Available at: http://www.therussellhouse.org/ Fig 39-42 Available at: https://arch5541.wordpress.com/2012/10/11/material-interrogation-sliding-house/ Fig 46-48: Bergermann, R., 2004, Wandelbares Membrandach im Innenhof des Wiener Rathauses, Stahlbau, Vol 73,Issue 6, p373-380 Fig50-54 Available at: https://structurae.netl Fig55-56: Screenshotted map from google maps Fig57-60 Available at: https://structurae.netl Fig64-67: Screenshots from online video available at: https://vimeo. com/113625071 Fig73-75: Screenshots from online video available at: https://vimeo. com/113625071 fig93: Screenshot from google maps: https://maps.wikimedia.org/v4/marker/pin-m-museum+5E74F3.png fig94: available at: https://inhabitat.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/ files/2010/10/1.-Photo-Timothy-Hursley.jpg fig98: Screenshot from google maps fig99: http://www.gkdmetalfabrics.com/files/Spielbudenplatz_Architect_ Lutsow_7_Spengler_Wiescholek_Hamburg_GKD_Metal_Fabrics_Escale_ Photography_GKD_2.gif fig121: Screenshot from google maps fig 122-125: Available at: http://lanntair.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Cinema-900x495.jpg Fig 131: Screenshot from google maps Fig132-135: Available at: https://cdnassets.hw.net Fig136: Available at: http://img.archiexpo.com/images_ae/photo-pc/61070-3646721.jpg Fig136: Available at: http://lopressroom.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/ public/photos/sefar/as06-191050b.jpg?itok=slZmOCbO

Diagrams and Drawings Note: Diagrams and Drawings by author unless stated • Diagrams Fig12-13: sun paths Available at: https://www.suncalc.org/#/51.528,0.0823,19/2019.01.25/07:52/1/3 Fig 14: Available at: https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-precipitation-Rainfall,London,United-Kingdom Fig 15: Available at: https://www.bgs.ac.uk/products/digitalmaps/digmapgb_drift. html Fig95-96: Schumacher, M., Schaeffer, O., Vogt, M., 2010, Move: Architecture in Motion - Dynamic Components and Elements, Birkhauser Verlag AG, p19

Websites http://drmm.co.uk/projects/view.php?p=sliding-house

• Drawings and sketches: fig43: Virginia McLeod, 2010, Encyclopaedia of detail in contemporary residential architecture, Laurence King, London, p45 fig44: Schumacher, M., Schaeffer, O., Vogt, M., 2010, Move: Architecture in Motion - Dynamic Components and Elements, Birkhauser Verlag AG, p198 Fig61: Bergermann, R., 2004, Wandelbares Membrandach im Innenhof des Wiener Rathauses, Stahlbau, Vol 73,Issue 6, p373-380 Fig68-72: Bergermann, R., 2004, Wandelbares Membrandach im Innenhof des Wiener Rathauses, Stahlbau, Vol 73,Issue 6, p373-380 Fig 77-79: Bergermann, R., 2004, Wandelbares Membrandach im Innenhof des Wiener Rathauses, Stahlbau, Vol 73,Issue 6, p373-380 Fig100-102: Schumacher, M., Schaeffer, O., Vogt, M., 2010, Move: Architecture in Motion - Dynamic Components and Elements, Birkhauser Verlag AG, p203

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