Olympic park (case study) - Lighting, acoustics and environmental control

Olympic Park Station Railway

11232 Lighting, Acoustic and Enviromental Control 12078743 - Dinorah Martinez Schulte 11218916 - Edward White 1037025 - Jash Rajeswaran

Contextual Study : Part 1 Gateway to the Olympic site, the Olympic Park Station handled an estimated 80 percent of the 1.2 million people attending the 2000 Olympic Games. The brief for the station called for the creation of a world-class venue that could comfortably accommodate up to 50,000 patrons safely, efficiently and comfortably during times of peak movement.

The Olympic Coordination Authority’s (OCA) public access policy had a strong impact on the design, as did the extensive environmental agenda adopted for the Games. Its architectural expression needed to be compatible with the surrounding precinct and provide a seamless integration with the public domain.

Consideration was also given to the subsequent uses of the site, when the site would revert to a modest through-put station between major events.

Hassell Architects, “Proyects” Olympic Park Station, Sydney,Australia,viewed 21 March 2015,< http://www.hassellstudio.com/en/cms-projects/detail/olympic-park-station/ >.

Architect

Hassell Location

Olympic Park Homebush Bay Date

1996-8

Style

Late 20th-Century Late Modern

Construction

Steel Type

Government

Expertise Transport and Infrastructure Scale 7,000 sqm

12078743 Dinorah Martinez Schulte

Lighting

- Critique the project with respect to: Public Realm - Critique the project with respect to: Outdoor Spaces

11218916

Acosutics

- Critique the project with respect to: (chosen) Ecological impact and life cycle assessment (seems most relevant) - Discuss the overall effectiveness of the building performance from a ESD viewpoint - Describe the project - Critique the project with respect to :Social Sustainability

Edward White

1037025 Jash Rajeswaran

Thermal

index

02 03 05 08 16 20 26 32 26 26

Introduction : Contextual Study Part 1 Information about building Contact details for group members Contextual Study Part 2 - Context - Inmediate Context

Lighting Appraisal - Room 1 / 2 - Analysis Diagrams -Performance Criteria + Reflections + Proposal

Acoustics Appraisal - Space 1 / 2 - Reflections + Proposal

Thermal Appraisal - Space 1 / 2 - Reflections + Proposal

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - Social Sustainability - Public Realm - Outdoor Spaces - Ecological Impact and life cycle assesment

Reflections Resources

contextual study: part 2

context

LINE T7

Train Line to arrive to Olympic Park

Interior Railway with public services

TAXI Stop

Car Highway

Just one Pedestrian access by ticket

Bus Stop

Train

Public Transport

Pedestrian Access

Green Areas

es

grov

an du M

Howie Complex

Royal Easter Show

Ba

nd

rou

ney

g how

S

Syd

Soka Gakkai International Australia

Dome Hall 1 Cathy Freeman Park

on

tati

pic

S ark

Piccolo Roma

P

m Oly

Olympic park Convention Store

ANZ Stadium

Commowealth Bank

CSU Outreach Centre

Hotel Ibis Sydney

Novohotel Olympic Park

Urban Jungle Adventure Park

Facilities

Pullman Sydney Olympic Park JP School of Managment

Parking

Elevador

Ticket Access

Accesibility Access

Stairs

Bike

Servicies and Facilities Hotel

School

Stadium

Market

Park

Outdoor Spaces

Sport Centre

Sydney Olympic Park Acuatic Centre

Immediate Precinct

Sydney Park Olympic Authority

Hi Thai

Buring Paviolion Hall 4

Piccolo Roma

Binnie Paviolion Hall 3

Rips And Rubs

Ross Pavilion Hall 2

Olympic Park Convenience Store

Commoweatlh Bank

The Dome Hall 1

Abattoir Blues Cafe

Sydney Showground

immediate context

Principal Access

Access and Circulations External Circulations

Secondary Access

Internal Circulations

lighting APPRAISAL 12078743 - Dinorah Martinez Schulte

ROOM 1: UNDERGROUND PLATAFORM

Room Size: 2320 m2 Location: Underground Level -3.00 mts Shape: Rectangular Plan Underground Plataform

The technology of the roof is designed to let all the sunlight but translucent manner as the material which is made only let certain percentage of light reflected on the main deck and partially in the underground platform.

Lighting Sources

LED Downlights Polished Concrete Floor Steel Strucure White Concrete Walls

Electrical Flourescent Troffers lighting in all the underground plataform Section Drawing

Materials

Polished Concrete Floor

AM

Clear Glass

Roof Tent

Steel Structure

PM

Light Paths UP UP

UP

In the morning and throughout the day light is partially natural to the top, in the general platform because the roof is separated from the steel structure and passes along the sides natural light which allows the passage of light on the side platforms but the center portion only partially enters the platform above the underground platform is fed artificial light both day and night, because if it is not too dark.

Primary Daylight Zone Artificial Lighting

At night the difference is quite light as the brightest part now becomes less because only the lights illuminated a pair of lamp posts, the side platforms floodlights obtained roof light is reflected and part below gets most lighting for fluorescent lamps and spotlights that allow this area to become the most enlightened.

The diagram shows how both natural and artificial light reflected on the surface and allows the lights, we can also observe that the users perform circulation inside it and the activity that exists within it. the fluorescent light gives us a cold temperature but the temperature spotlights give us a quality which makes it a place way too visible but semi-warm

ROOM 2: TRANSITION VIA STAIRWAYS

Room Size: 130 m2 Location: Underground Level -3.00 mts Shape: Rectangular Plan Transition via Stairways

Materials and Light Sources

AM

On the day the light is very little since this place is located down stairs to access the underground which makes obscure or station but using artificial light stays lit this area.

Section Drawing Primary Daylight Zone Artificial Lighting

PM

At night the light if increases since we have several lampposts with warm light apart from spotlights and a line of fluorescent ceiling uces which helps because the night light enough to not illuminate correctly and that the plant is underground and only to illuminate the lateras platforms, not in the central

Light Paths

La luz natural y la artificial se trae de los laterales y se refleja en la superficie de las areas comunes que son salas de espera de la plataforma central donde llega la linea 7 desde o a Lincomb, cosa que hace un lugar acogedor y brinda seguridad a los usarios.

ANALYTICAL DIAGRAMS: UNDERGROUND PLATAFORM / STAIRWAYS Lighting Quality and intensity

Light Absortion and Reflection

UP UP

Underground Plataform

Underground Plataform Warm

Reflection (light coloured and glossy surfaces)

High Intensy

Absortion (Dark coloured mated surfaces)

Low Intensity Cold Underground Plataform

Stairways

Daylight per Year Station.

12:00 PM 12:00 PM

12:00 PM

12:00 PM

21 June 7:01 AM

N

E

N

N

E

N

E

W

S

E 20 March

22 September 5:58 AM

5:45 AM

4:42 AM

21 December

4:52 PM

5:50 PM

6:06 PM

W

S

W

S 7:04 PM

Spring Equinox

Summer Solstice

W

Autumn Equinox

S

Winter Solstice

LIGHTING PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

UNDERGROUND PLATAFORM

QUALITATIVE

safety

ROOM

QUANTITATIVE

According to the Australian Lighting Standards, The Underground Plataform requires high adequate lighting for visibility and get this pleace very safe becuase this place is through for many people for big events so, it should be safety and it have to be open every hour for public.

Reference: AS/NZS 1680 1680.2.1 Part 2.1: Specific applications—Circulation spaces and other general areas

1.- Directional technique 2..- Flourescent Troffers CCT:4000K 3.- LED Downlight CCT: 3000K

According to the Australian Lighting Standards, Trasition via stairways have the escencial light (40 lux( required ilumination for the waiting room, but in the day we need to use artificial light insted using just natural because the natural light do not penetrate completely this space Reference: AS/NZS 16801680.1 Part 1: General principles and recommendations

Type of lightng:

Lighting

TRANSITION VIA STAIRWAYS

safety

Lighting

Type of lightng:

1.- Directional technique 2..- Flourescent Troffers CCT : 4000K 3.- LED Downlight CCT : 3000K

REFLECTIVE DISCUSSION

Required Ilumination: Corridor : 40 lux Flourescent Troffres: A technology specification is not considered necessary as CFLi lamps are subject to MEPS including a minimum lamp life of 6000 hours. Note that minimum light output and minimum lifetime requirements for CFL downlights are dealt with separately in section 4.6.2.An absolute specification could be applied to the light output ratio for fluorescent luminaires, although this aspect should be taken account of in the lighting design and AS/NZS 1680 compliance process. Note that luminaires are not currently subject to MEPS. Downlights are considered a special case, as these are likely to be installed in situations where a sophisticated design process is unlikely to occur or is unwarranted. Thus replacement downlights for 50W halogen units might benefit from adherence to an absolute specification.

Currently, the ESS Rule, drafted in 2009, includes a Default Savings Factor (DSF) for downlights (note that this is separate from the CLF) – see ESS Rule clause 9.3(b)(i). This clause includes a simple specification as follows:

By studying the analysis performed, we can conclude that the light at the station Olympic Park, this well thought since most of the train stations are locked, and this despite also has these conditions Hassell Architects were concerned to create a space open to many people because when it was built was the gateway to the Olympic Games 2000, now only performs the function of train station but when one comes and gets off the train does not feel that feeling of being enclosed, the opposite is spacio joins feels quite open, the roof is made with technologies to let in sunlight translucent way, this facilitates visibility and makes it a very safe place for users. The top platform has all the requirements of minimum illumination asking the Australian Standards lighting but the problem happens at the bottom as only it is open on the sides sunlight does not fit fully which of day if not count on light Electricity was a dark and dangerous place. But has Downlights LED light system to indicate points that susarios intended to spend most of the time waiting for the train, and also the edge of the platform is illuminated with a line of fluorescent troffers that help visibility when it is falling the Later because it is a trance when the sun is gone and the electric light is just grasping force, at night this place gets pretty sure now the top as it only has a few light poles becomes less safe It is somewhat controversial but we need electrical elements, it's funny to see how both areas work differently depending on the time of day by the memory location where you are but that means that the building if complemented and meets the necessary requirements but electric light would propose increase in the top and the bottom seek a strategic manner direct the light entering one day to this platform with umbrellas and reflectors walls, or playing with the materials for this light that falls on the day he is quite able to feed not just to the side and top if not the busiest part is the underground platform because that is where trains arrive and are the adenes, to make it more enjoyable waiting train.

Downward light output ≥ 500 lm.

Lumen maintenance ≥ 80%.

A revised downlight specification has been developed for this report, and is outlined in Table 5 (see right‐hand columns). It effectively updates the current DSF downlight specification to take into account the recent emergence of sophisticated test methods for LEDs and the introduction of MEPS for reflector CFLs. The table also lists the key requirements of other LED specification programs for comparison. Proof of certification by these other programs may reduce compliance costs, particularly where program requirements are at least as stringent as those required by IPART. Note that the IEA initiative does not currently include a certification aspect.

Downlight LED: Minium Efficacy: 42 lm / w Minium inicial flux: 345 lm (Recomended : 500 lm) Apperture: 16.5 Reference: NSW Energy Savings Scheme: Review of Commercial Lighting, February 2013, Belletich Assosiates.

PROPOSAL FOR LIGTHTING IMPROVEMENT

Increased external fixture in the top because it becomes unsafe at night because not many users visiting this area and much less if there is some event so it is proposed to increase the light and the type of light to a light halogen or LED which increases the amount of light (intesity) but saves energy and has great length of life.

Another proposal to the bottom of the stairs is to play with the materials or seek some ecology technique as solar panels or walls to reflect sunlight that is transmitted on the sides of the platform and go to the center even if it's day currently requires artificial light

acoustics APPRAISAL 11218916 - Edward White

1. Critical Public Space: Upper Walkway Criteria for Assessment.

The Olympic park station must provide some speech intelligibility as patrons of the station move downwards to exit the park and travel elsewhere. This takes a major priority when designing for the station to operate in major event mode. If a group of people talking at 1metre away have an average dB(A) of 70 then a)- The upper walkway space must provide a dB(A) of less than 70, when train is stationary downstairs Upper walkway (Space 1)

Crucial to the performance of the station is the communication between patron and officer as programs of ticketing, information, medical and police come into play in major event mode. Therefore: b)- Public Address (PA) Announcements must be heard at all times within the station

Performance a) Within the upper walkway space there are many background noises especially at times of major event modes. Therefore speech intelligibility is not a driving force for the majority of design, especially with the high speed of movement of the patrons. However the train noise whilst standing directly next to a stationary/departing/entering train can be quite loud at times.

This walkway space sits at an average of 65dB(A) which is 10dB(A) less than that of standing 1m away from the train down stairs. As the ‘leaf’ design of the canopy system allows for sound to travel out of the station, external noise also enters the station which can be disrupting at times. However the acoustic cladding of the canopy allows for sound to travel through and out the other side of the station. One of the main contributors of noise within the structure is that of the constant buses which travel externally around the station. This is one factor which could be more resolved. A solution could be to lower the height of the canopy lower to the ground allowing for a smaller surface area for sound to enter. However completely sound proofing this canopy would degrade the principles of ‘lightness’ and passive ventilation and lighting which HASSELL so carefully considered. b) A major priority of sound control within this design lie within the speaker system. The speaker system or PA system inherent in the station have to be in great enough in number and placed effectively to ensure that all public announcements are heard at a certain loudness and clarity. The PA system does perform effectively within the structure, with a total of 60 individual speakers on the lower platform and 40 on the upper walkway (built into the light poles) the PA system provides an audible method of communication.

The nature of the station being over 200m in length leads to reverberation issues when functioning in major event mode. This being a major task for the acoustic designers they did come to a reasonably solution without negatively affecting the design principles of the architects. Through effectively hiding the bracing within the ceiling cladding (painted in 80% gloss paint for light reflection and diffusion) they have allowed for an increased absorption of sound which, had left exposed would lead to a high reverberation time (T).

Traffic Directional Noise

Ticketing office (Space 2)

Public Address speakers platform

Public Address system upperwalkway

The upper public walkway space achieves the set criteria through the sheer size of the structure and the space between the train tracks and the upper walkway.

The public address system is performing effectively and ensuring it is heard at all areas of the station, of which is achieved through the number of speakers and their intricate placement. The speaker system emitting a dB(A) of 80 when standing directly underneath evenly distributes 70dB(A) at the quietest point of the station which is directly at the entrance. As this is above 10dB(A) of the background sound level, the announcements are easily heard.

As the background traffic noise levels are the biggest concern, a design solution of the lowering and enclosure of the roof structure to block out traffic noise could be a possibility.

However this solution must be carefully dealt with as not to impose on the passive lighting and ventilation strategies

a) Solution: to lower the height of the canopy.

2. Space affected by external noise - Ticketing office Criteria for Assessment.

Within the office space concealed under the canopy at a bare minimum 2 full time employees are stationed at desks 4 metres apart. Therefore to ensure an effective office environment: a) speech should be intelligible less than 2 metres from source Many background sound sources can potentially affect the function of the office space as a productive environment. As crucial programs of ticketing medical and police stations are performing as the station enters its major event mode. Therefore the major contributors of background noise: b) Train, Bus and Traffic noise should not be inaudible in the upstairs office buildings.

2.2 x 1.2 x3

2.2 x 1.2 x4

Envelope of office space - window layout

Performance a) The Acoustic and Sound engineers of Robert Fitzell Acoustics have taken into account the background noise levels that effect the station. The most critical space in terms of noise control is that of the front left office as it runs in full capacity all year round no-matter of the event mode. The office needs to perform taking into account AS 2107 acoustic â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;officeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; guidelines of reverberation time (T) recommended at 0.4 to 0.6 so a workable space is produced and speech is clear between ticketing officers within their internal environment.

The small nature of the office as seen above (compared to that of the overall structure) allows for an space of which the internal reverberation time is easily controlled. In order to examine the performance of speech intelligibility within the office the given materials that constitute the surfaces are taken into account. Within this rectilinear volume the floor surface is carpeted with no operable windows for passive ventilation (unlike the rest of the structure) this internal environment is completely controlled and provides a (T) of .4 to .9 seconds therefore almost inclusive of AS 2107 recommended range of (0.4 to 0.6). This reverberation time allows for functional speech intelligibility within the space satisfying the requirements of the program. A Simple design solution to bring the Reverberation time closer to that what is set by AS2107 is that of window curtains which brings (T) to 0.3 to .08 seconds allowing for an increased intelligibility between office employees. b) The performance of the station also relies on the conversation between the officer and patron. This specific communication is critical between the station officer and patron in order for the station to be providing clear instructions. This detail has currently been dealt with a standardised design of a small opening at the bottom of the ticket window into the office space which allows for the background sound level of the outside station to easily penetrate the office.

In order to make the Train, Bus and Traffic noise inaudible it must be 10 dB(A) less inside the office then the average of the station. This can be analysed through looking at the relationship between the dB(A) of the office and the effect of external noise factors on the space.

External noise is an interesting factor of the station. Not only are the materials selected for the design of the station provide a buffer to external noise, but the geometry of the design itself - the truss roof module allows for external noise to enter and leave the station.

The office spaces on the entrance level are exact replicas of each other. On one side exists the police and medical room and office and opposite side is the ticketing and bathroom partitions. Because of its positioning at the front entrance many external noises come into play affecting the internal environment of the office.

.8 x 1.1m (opening of .8x.1)

Noise Source

dB(A) of noise 1m away

Bus Traffic

85

P/A Announcements

80

People Talking

70

Train arriving and departing

75

Ticketing office

Current Reverberation Time (T) Office 125Hz

250Hz

500Hz

.9

.7

.5

1KHz .4

2KHz .3

According to the Australian/ New Zealand Standard 2107 for Acoustic Design, the maximum recommended sound level of an office space is a satisfactory level of 40 dBA and a maximum of 45 dBA. As a realistic approach to design of an office for a train station we will set it at 50 dBA. Measured the internal office space is on average 50dB(A) which is performing against the target. This is achieved through the aluminum framed structured with wooden cladding on the outside and no operable windows. In fact when a train is arriving at the platform it is almost unnoticed raising the dBA of the office to 55 dBA. However at any one given time the office sits at 50dBA which is performing efficiently for the 2 full time staff which are seated at their desks.

The relationship of the office to the overall structure has been considered in a way which allows for a low dBA for the work spaces. The positioning at the front of the station keeps the office away from being affected by the external sound noise of patrons circulating to and from trains downstairs.

The windows (as seen above) are noticeably fixed which although if operable with louvers would decrease the reliance on the internal air-conditioning systems, then bringing the dB(A) of the office greatly above that of its current state. The design factor holding the dB(A) of the office above the AS2107 guidelines is the small opening at the lower end of the ticketing window.

A solution which would decrease the dB(A) even more so would be to close gap below the ticket office booth and rely completely on a speaker system for the officer and the patron to converse. This design change would decrease the surface area of the gap (.8 x .1) for external background sound to penetrate through into the office space decreasing the average dB(A) to 44 which is within AS2017 guidelines and therefore a more internal efficient office space.

REFLECTION ON ACOUSTIC FINDINGS Examining a large public building such as the Olympic park station has provided an insight into environmental sustainable design through the lens of Acoustics. Analyzing the multilayered design process that comes into play when proposing a design for a government body such as this, reveals to us the values of HASSELL projects.

Through the mode of Acoustics it was interesting to appreciate the priorities of HASSELL and the play between the Thermal, Visual and Acoustics to ensure that their overall design was environmentally sustainable and how the original architectural concept still exemplifies itself. It is not without some sort of compromise between these environmentally sustainable principles of design that the end result can be critiqued and analysed as a efficient modern architecture.

The first and most obvious principle of the design of the Olympic park station is the clever roof which spans the entire station. The module developed by HASSEL was able to be repeated and extruded the entire length of the station and it becomes the stations most iconic factor and the selling point for the design. This roof however providing an excellent strategy of passive ventilation and lighting through the voided glass sections mean that the design is sensitive to external noise sources surrounding the station. The nature of the station as a public station and the isolated nature of the site location as a method of people travelling from Olympic park station elsewhere mean a high number of bus stops surrounding. As the number of traffic surrounding increases so does the SPL of the station as it is quite susceptible to noise because of the nature of the passive design modular roof.

As this station begins to operate in major event mode the SPL of the people walking and conversing inside the station has a louder dB(A) than that of the traffic outside and therefore the noise from the patrons of the Olympic park station begin to create hype and enhance the ambience of the station before walking shortly to ANZ stadium for sporting matches. In the case of this structure being a public building this is not a negative aspect of the structure; in fact it promotes a more natural architecture.

The only real concern for the station in terms of Acoustic sustainability and control is that of the office space at the entrance, which is the only space which operates in a full time capacity regardless of the event mode of the station. This office space is even so working in a performative manner allowing for the officers to work in a Acoustically sound environment, with the loudest noise inside the office coming from the internal air-conditioning system. My suggested proposal for filling the operable glass section of the ticketing booth with a fixed glass would drop the SPL lower and would then fall in the range of what was suggested by AS2107 as a guideline for an office space, which is most definitely performing acoustically. The office has effectively been designed which has qualities of low reverberations, high speech intelligibility and low background sound levels allowing for a effective and sustainable working environment.

The Public Address system has been technically designed in order to combat background noise sources external to the station which provides clear messages which can be heard from any point inside and in some cases outside the station. This allows for an effective safe design which systematically deals with the imposing traffic noise surrounding the structure.

thermal APPRAISAL 1037025 Jash Rajeswaran

1. Thermal Analysis a) Building Form, Location & Siting Olympic Park Station is a long building situated 1 storey above and 1 storey below ground.

The sun path wraps around the back of the station but often cannot penetrate the facade onto the internal flooring. The Facade Lips on either end of the Station add to the sun protection and create a subtle diffused glow at the entrance. The shadow as a consequence is quite noticeable and a little more dramatic.

N

b) Building Enevelope - Concrete has been chosen purely because of it’s structural capabilities and its low cost.

- Double Glazed Glass has been used for protective measures to keep out rain, wind and possibly hail.

- The Speed Deck 500 Roof Cladding is a cheap and quick installation material. There’s a strong emphasis on linear and connecting materials which is similar to the design where it’s quite repititive.

-The tubing has a high tension but is supported well form the concrete pillars and several cross beams.

Double Glazed, semi-opaque glass Sun-Shading Panels

Speed Deck 500 Roof Cladding CHS 355 Tubing Double-Glazed Glass Pre-cast Concrete

b) Environmental Strategies- Sunshading - Olympic Park Station was designed to assimilate into the existing nature of the city. Hence the “Leaf-Like” pattern of the facade and roof. Like an organism, I believe that the same shutters that are there to control the amount of sunlight/rain that reaches the building, are also adaptable security panels that close in emergency situations. WhilstI have never seen this in application, I believe that this may have been the original intent of the architect. To have the functionality of being sunshading devices but also a way of locking-down the building.

The building is poorly lit from the inside on a sunny day. The diffusing panels on the roof allow minimal light in and the inside of the station seems more of a shelter than a space of beauty and exploration. This was done to push people through the station as quickly as possible. The mundane ambience and lack of texture in the building interior can attest to that.

1. Thermal Analysis d) Environmental Strategies- Natural Ventilation - Strong cross-ventilation design.

- Brief: 50,000 people at any one time.

- Large crowds = Lots of body heat and discomfort in humidity.

- The natural cooling is experientially effective but only on the ground level.

- Station staff will generally filter the number of people onto the underground platform when exiting; to not build up any discomfort (which can often lead to violence and general irritation).

Conceptual Heat Exposure Diagram

Solar Heat Gain

- Cross-ventilation is allowed to enter and exit the station North, South, East & West, thus independent of wind direction.

-The external ‘Leaves’ allow a smooth gradient for the wind to travel over, less resistance, a more consistent breeze will be channelled over the building. In this case, it’s almost essential as glass panels are between each ‘leaf’. As in the Convection Diagram, it’s evident that as the hot air rises the cold air moves through the building to replace it.

-Oddly enough, with all that breeze, the airconditioning is turned on inside the two offices which means that there was no thought about adiministration in the design and how this breeze could be used to make the offices a comfortable space without too much use of an electrical appliance.

Conceptual External Ventilation Diagram

- The internal photo of the station denotes the openess of the area. From the platform, hot air has a direct route to the ceiling and out to exterior. Body heat, train engine heat, solar heat would be allowed to rise quickly and efficiently as cold air fills the space rapidly.

All underground stations in the CBD have low ceilings and no direct route from the platform to the outside; they used this concept, the station would be much more comfortable in general let alone in peak-hour.

Experientially, the building feels quite cold, the breeze flows through quite strongly and is actually much nicer outside in the sun when that strong breeze comes through. The funnelling of the breeze just adds t that ‘push’ to get you moving along and out of the station.

Convection Diagram

- In the second image, you can witness the gaps between the glazing and floor/ceiling surfaces, to stop any condensation or heat build up.

0

- The building has no heating functions and with the use of floor tiles, thin glazing, open fixtures, it has been quite clearly designed for hot, humid days.

- Street lights are all Solar powered which is a great initiative and should be

Offices

DN

Plan: Air-Conditioned spaces

Ground Floor Platform Train Tracks

Thermal Analysis - Findings to Improvements Finding: Olympic Park Station had a some-what political/commercial brief. the station had a brief that was governed by attracting large crowds and accomodating them in waves. Driving them to venues, to spend money in restaurants and stay in hotels. This is clear with the long, linear design placed in the centre of all the sporting venues restaurants and Hotels. Office buildings were introduced to make use of the site after the 2000 Olympics. ATM’s are close-by to encourage spending in the area but the station itself acts to push large volume through it as quickly and as efficiently as possible.

Improvements: I would go so far as to critique the brief. The notion that Olympic Park Station should be ideal for cmmuting large volumes to the Olympic venues was fine but there’s no longevity in that design exercise. The brief should have elements of night safety, the fewer people walking back from practice venues, big games, major events. It should have told a story, a history; through urban design, murals, gardens etc. It should have incorporated a loop so that commercial infrastructure may have been viable and it could have potentially become the next CBD. Finding: The free-flowing or ‘wave-like’ design with many opposing openings, allow for such a wonderful breeze through the site. It’s not dependent on any direction or any channelling. The wind flows under and over the roof skimming the hot air emitted by emerging passengers and trains; a bit like blowing over the top of your morning coffee.

Improvements: This is really strong design and definitely reduces the ecological footprint of the station. However, there is absolutely no design for colder weather. There should be shutters, or thermal barriers that can envelope the site in times of low temperature.

Finding: There was no thought about the thermal performance of the materials used in the station other than, quick, fast and economical.

Improvements: I think the use of the wood near the offices and the front of the station provide a nice look and give the building a softness that is somewhat more organic and more in-line with the design intent of the roof (flowing leaves). The concrete and the use of glass everywhere makes the site cold and un-friendly. The use of more wood would have made some spots in the building more comfortable as there would be no direct thermal bridging in those spots. This could be all achieved through a change in materials rather than an alternative energy solution.

Finding: There was no thought about renewable energy for the station apart from recycling water.

Improvements: Such a large and open site could’ve designed a way recycle all the waste that is generated from these large events and to be used as a form of heat energy for the station or even neighbouring buildings. At the moment, only the water is being recycled which is a great first step but with the abundance of space and traffic at any one time, the investment has potential.

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

social sustainability PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

BUILDING / DEVELOPMENT CONTRIBUTION SATISFATION

FACTORS

CHANGES

By which one can judge if these objetives are satisfed.

Means of constribution towards objetive.

Which contribute to the outcomes as assessed.

Recommended Changes.

Main Roads Bicycle Routes

DESIGN DECISIONS

ille

nv

ra

G

e

yd Cl

Bus Route IN Bus Route OUT Train Line IN & OUT

Public Access

Olympic Park

rn

bu

Au

e

c

b om

h

us

eb

m Ho

Active Spaces

Lighting

Lid

n

to

ing

m Fle

Olympic Park Station Sporting Venues Offices Hotels 12am

9am

12pm

5pm

11:59pm

P2

Parking Proximity

ACTIVE SPACES v TIME

MPI OLY

P6e

N

ATIO RK ST

C PA

P6h P8

P3a P3

P6f

P6d

Entering Olympic Park Exiting Olympic Park

Train: A trip to Olympic Park Station requires more planning than any other station destination. There must be a change of trains & platforms at Lidcombe in addition to a short walk to any Sporting Venue.

Bus: Inconveniently; direct buses are more frequent from Strathfield than they are from Lidcombe...

Car: Fortunately, driving within Olympic Park is often quite pleasant, easy to enter and exit due to wide, Main Roads.

Bicycle: It is quite clear that Cycling is encouraged at the site.

Cycling can take you almost anywhere with Cycle lanes and off-road paths.

Train: Loop the Train Line similar to City Loop in Sydney CBD.

Lighting for Safety: Lighting does not just provide a visible footpath at night. Adequate Lighting provides security, a feeling of safety, direction & destination.

The train station is well lit at night with it’s many internal and external streetlights which are in a close proximity to the site.

This makes the station feel quite safe when returning from an event.

However, the lighting is poor in surrounding streets and between the event locations and the station. This often makes the walk home a bit isolated.

The Internal lighting is strong and it gives the impression that you are in a grand design/city.

-Very obviously designed for tourist impact and not energy

Lighting for Safety: The current Internal Lighting is adequate.

Brighter lights need to be positionedin sequences between major sporting venues and the station. This would make participants and/or spectators feel safer and criminals feel more visible. There are too many black-out zones and adjacent street lights need to be more visible.

Active Spaces: It’s clear in the graph that the site now has an all-rounded use throughout the day. The same people who work there can also participate in recreational activities before and after work.

They can then, commute home, stay in a hotel or rent one of the few apartments at Olympic Park. This scratches the surface of serving a community - socially. However the site still reads as a commercial estate there’s still no sense of residential or community. There has been no plan for this and new apartment buildings are being built as an afterthought, way too close to high traffic and large event theatres.

Active Spaces: If those Sporting Venues could serve as multi-functional spaces and thus could be active throughout the day. Alot of the buildings do not get used even let alone on a day-to-day basis.

They have zoned the surrounding site well so that Active spaces transition to inactive while others activate and create almost little pockets of life at different times of the day.

Parking Lots: Parking is so important to the functionality of a town. Olympic Park allows for several paid & free parking lots as well as street-side spots. This means that Visitors to the site do not have to stress about finding a spot for their car. It also makes the site more attractive as a destination. Especially since the Train/bus situation is border-line inconsiderate for commuters.

It has definitely served the brief of catering to large crowds by filtering traffic flow much before the actual Venue. This is apparent at the station too; it has been designed long - with 2 entrances but plenty of exits.

Parking Lots: The Parking at Olympic Park is done well and all in close proximity to the station which is quite clearly the hub of the town. As mentioned earlier, cleverer parking meter systems would make it easier for regular visitors. The Parking Lots are generally always manned, re-assuring security of parking in what feels like an isolated city. Especially with poor lighting past the inner Station circle.

Bus: Direct buses should run from Strathfield for Eastern Suburb commuters and equally from Lidcombe for Western Suburb commuters.

Car: This is good but possibly a better meter system, similar to one at Moore Park where you can book a space and also top up payment from anywhere mobile.

P10

PUBLIC REALM Olympic park is a public train station located on Murray Avenue arriving by line 7 Sydney city rail station conecting by Lincomb from the Central station. It is located just outside the city of Sydney aside from ANZ Stadium and all the sporting facilities were built for the Olympic Games of 2000, transportation in this area by car is a bit moderate and not have its own parking and users who live near that area are moving well. Bicycle and pedestrian use are very low because not many people live or moving through that area since midweek this very empty, and only when there is some event get to see lots of people.

There is almost taxi and bus station, the nearby is in Drawn Fraser Avenue.

The most efficient way to reach this point average is the train and move abroad is the bus as it has a very efficient network connection to the city despite its distance.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

BUILDING / DEVELOPMENT CONTRIBUTION SATISFATION

FACTORS

CHANGES

By which one can judge if these objetives are satisfed.

Means of constribution towards objetive.

Which contribute to the outcomes as assessed.

Recommended Changes.

locations

leisure

Transport

DESIGN DESITIONS The Olympic park was built to fulfill the function of main door in Olympics games in 2000, currently it used every day to bring the users residing near Olympic Park to lead to any major station as Lincomb or Central, or make connections to the outside of the city of Sydney and meets as welcome and access door when public events at ANZ stadium or the Aquatic Centre.

Put more attractive centres in the areas and open existing since they are way too closed to the public and so people will not because there is not much to do.

CONTEXTUAL RELATIONS

circulation

pedestrian access

Current connection with the context is very accessible because when we were on site we could see that people could find access to the station easily, but as it is surrounded by a wall of glass is a bit dificult because instead of being fully open the sidewalks there are only small access with glass doors and too many trees surrounding them that are not very visible, but the main accesso is really big and designed for many users, and discuss the relationship with the outside of the right side is not very good because the cross the street are several restaurants and a square but the entrance is fenced and has doors or very small posts that do not reach dificl disntiguir which makes the user decides to go to those places.

Open more connections with different forms of transport to train as more bus lines to reach more people or put more trains reach that point.

Promote more public events for people frequent this point .

Transportation RECOMMENDATION 1 As recommendation would say it would be better to try to do more open access control and doorless this station is fully published and should not be partially closed and use signs to access.

over resultant

RECOMMENDATION 2 Put more transport connections with bus or train adding more lines arriving at that station and put more centres of attraction since the mall that are located there are very closed and must be opened to the public as well as restaurants and services are provided in the periphery.

Current Goal

Services

Promote and implement trade and recreational activities on or in the square that lies outside for users distracted while waiting for the train

OUTDOOR SPACES The station olympic Park when building was thought as a gateway to the Olympic Games but currently not much related to the context can already say that the stadium is the only directly connected point, has a park but this park does not play with field ciculations not the places long around since according to the analysis done we can see that the station is surrounded by shopping centres and restaurants that could provide great service to the users while waiting for the train but the architecture and the accesses are so small, to Although there are several are not very visible and are lost and there is no attraction that makes the users call to come to the station.

But speaking of the interior can say is spacious stations more comfortable and efficient train, designed for lots of users which explains why the big platform which is formed and large open space with counts is very fast access and you do not lose the Central station which is like a maze geography, this has less connections and fewer lines but is very fast and comfortable to stay, the lighting is good at the top because the roof is designed with technologies that let in natural light but also is supported by artificial lights, the problem is in the bottom which is underground then the use of artificial light increases but it becomes a more lighted area at night and removes the danger, I find it a very safe place because despite being alone most of the time is completely open to the outside which makes it less dangerous.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

BUILDING / DEVELOPMENT CONTRIBUTION SATISFATION

FACTORS

CHANGES

By which one can judge if these objetives are satisfed.

Means of constribution towards objetive.

Which contribute to the outcomes as assessed.

Recommended Changes.

quality

confort

DESIGN DESITIONS Consider the inmediate context and internal circulation for how this space is lived

Create and contect public spaces using the sidewalks that are completely unoccupied and use them to create public spaces that engage users

CONSTRUCTION DETAIL

RECOMMENDATION 1

satisfaction

safety

These design goals can objetener easily with the management of outdoor lighting must increase and using urban mobility and set milestones as sources or playground where people can spend time for recreation and distracted while waiting for the train

Create opportunities for recreation in the park across the street which is the main entrance to attract the users and make use of the inhabitable space for so they can make connection with the context

Use the into space as it always is uninhabited and not lived, which the users think it is a lonely place and not living just take it as a thoroughfare and not a place to stay long

The building is not fully connected to the surrounding context it is contect only directly with the the ANZ Stadiumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s access

over resultant Current use of space

Current Goal Create conection with the external context which the users think it is a place deisgned stay long time and not only meanwhile the train comes., taking advantage of the surrondings

Ideal use of external space

ECOLOGICAL IMPACT AND LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

CHS 355 Tubing

Ecological Impact of the structure Criteria: Being an Railway Station that has the capacity of 50,000 people, but is only used for Major Events, thus the Lifespan of Olympic Park Station should be 40 years. (Sydney CBD Railway Stations are designed to last 30 years with regular maintainence.)

Certain facets in the detailing of the structure provide an insight into the ecological sustainable agenda of the station. The element most expressive of this is the roof design, of which the arched truss’ is performing across the layers of Environmental sustainable design.

The detail of the column to the truss is supported by a double ‘V’ joint. This allows the roof to have greater flexibility in terms of heat expansion and contraction and wind loading.

The design of the roof as repetitive in nature has allowed for the station to exist at its large scale and its seemingly complex structure has been simplified by means of pre-fabrication. This ‘simplification’ also allows for any changes or breakages to be easily fixed as the roof system is interchangeable throughout.

The lightweight truss design also allows for minimalist support of the roof as the structure is bracing itself. This therefore lessens the amount of materials needed and time on site is decreased if a repair is needed to the station in its later lifecycle.

Speed Deck 500 - Roof Clading

What is the materiality of perfoming elements and how do they respond sustainably to the environment.

The environmentally-friendly agenda for the station was achieved by providing a delicate steel canopy which allows natural ventilation for the whole of the station. The use of steel fitted well with the Sydney Olympic park "green" requirements as it made a significant weight saving, as the span of the roof required less material.

Therefore was a more sustainable practice of design.

The selection of the Tubular (CHS 355) steel utilised in the design provides an aesthetically pleasing solution to the geometry of the roof. The simplicity of this construction material, allows for less material to be used without affecting the functionality of the structure. The roof structure was prefabricated in sections. This aspect of prefabrication before construction on site decreased labor cost and led to less wastage.

In the construction of the station simple sustainable materials which would allow for the fastest construction time were implemented. The major construction material utilised which was that of pre-cast concrete panels is sustainable for the following reasons: - Minimal production waste as molds for the wall systems were reused countless times.

- Precast concrete has a high thermal mass which enables it to absorb, store and later radiate heat thus providing a passive solar quality to the design.

- Precast concrete speeds up construction times and considerably reduces the environmental impact of the structure - These concrete panels also have a large durability factor with a long life expectancy, therefore prolonging the need for refurbishing the structure.

The Roof Cladding on the Station (speed-deck 500 steel) is a lightweight and high strength choice to Ground Floor combat external conditions allowing for fast Installation.

The high width of the cladding ensured there were fewer clips which led to an effective cost and material saving.

Pre-cast Concrete Column

Ramp

Precast wall

Column section detail

It is resistive against problems associated with thermal expansion and also has excellent water carrying for run off which feeds into the recycled water catchment which provides water to the trees below.

Sustainability Changes The overall structure of the station is performing sustainably with regard to the environment. The materiality of the structure is simple yet effective in eliminating excess waste and construction time on site.

There is one aspect which could be better resolved which is that of the internal roof cladding or ‘skin’ which hides the internal structure. This could have been clad with recycled plastic panels which would offer a higher absorption and decrease the reverberation time of the station.

Addition of recycled accousitc cladding

Water Conservation - Ecological & Sustainable Planning Whilst this was not a major focus of our investigation. It is worth noting the quality of water conservation in Olympic Park.

The WRAMS program has reduced the Station’s Ecological Footprint on the site. It has challenged conventional thinking “we’re designing a place for people to come and go”.

No, we are designing an atom(station) to fit into this nucleus(city).

This in-itself increases the longevity of the building.

Portable Water from Sydney Mains WRAMS Water

- Saves more than 850million Litres of water p/a.

- Treats 550million litres of sewage p/a.

Recycled Water -

Storm water harvesting from Olympic Station, Car Parks & Newington.

7%

44%

49%

REFLECTIONS

The analysis and critique of the Olympic Park station presents the culmination of a building responding to a government body and the societal agenda of the Sydney 2000 Olympics. Simple in program, the sheer size of the station requires environmental considerations of lighting, acoustics and thermal properties to be dealt with on a large scale. HASSELL studio have made their priorities clear within the architecture of the station of which they provide a solution to dealing with an infrastructure which changes mode so frequently that some compromises have been made.

The Olympic park station was designed to resolve circulation; the large numbers of people moving quickly into and out of the station. The station has cleverly achieved this through its open plan, allowing an entry/exit from both sides and formally controlling the movement of the patrons. However when not dealing with large crowds, the large size of the station makes the structure feel rather empty. Therefore these considerations of lighting, acoustics and thermal properties change according to the event mode of the structure.

With the internal station programs of medical, police and ticketing officers, it was important to analyse the most standardised program which operates 24/7 regardless of the event mode. This was apparent that the ticketing offices are run full time; therefore these environmental considerations surrounding this program are of utmost importance. The site positioning of the station means that the immediate external factors affect the environmental design considerations, specifically the acoustics.

Overall the station was successful in regard to its acoustics, performing against its set objectives. At an internal scale the office within the station operates effectively to block out the SPL of the background sound (car & bus traffic) however could be improved through the suggested modifications. The station on a large scale doesn’t attempt to block out the SPL of the background sounds through prioritizing the concept of the open plan and the focus on the celebration of the structure. However the ‘cross-contamination’ of these sounds does not take away from the design of the station and all P/A announcements are intelligible therefore performing to a train station’s set objectives.

As the nature of the brief for the Olympic park station was government bodied it consisted of a political and commercial agenda resulted to some limited environmental performance factors which could be further developed. The most obviously performing aspect of the station is that of the roof as it offers cross linear passive ventilation. The wind flows under and over the roof skimming the hot air emitted by emerging passengers and trains. However, there is absolutely no design for colder weather. There should be shutters, or thermal barriers that can envelope the site in times of low temperature.

There was also no thought about the thermal performance of the materials used in the station other than, quick, fast and economical. Again because of the nature of the brief with cost and time considerations some of these factors were overlooked.

The materiality of the structure (mainly pre-fabricated concrete and glass) gives a cold and unfriendly quality when not operating in major event mode. An addition of more organic materials could have helped push this natural concept of the ‘leaf’ roof further.

Within the lighting aspect of the Station, the design is addressing the minimum illumination requirements corresponding to the Australian Standard. Day lighting becomes a focus point for HASSELL displayed with the translucent sections within the roof canopy; facilitating visibility throughout its entirety making it a very safe place for users. The downfall of this sustainable lighting design appears at lower platform which is completely reliant on electricity, specifically at night and at times without major events. A solution to this would be to increasing external lighting fixtures on the upper walkway, thereby increasing the light and specifying the need for a light halogen or LED therefore increasing the light intensity and saving energy.

In summary the Olympic Park station is a well-designed building which does take into account all Acoustic, Thermal and Illuminating qualities of environmentally sustainable design. Working with the Sydney Olympic Park Authority HASSELL studio has produced an exciting station which livens up the conventional train station for its patrons however we do believe without a strict government brief such as this the building could have pushed the conceptual organic narrative further that it is attempting to portray.

resouces 2012, Community building on the web, ask consulting engineers, Boston, viewed 2nd March 2014, <http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/aktuell/wettbewerbe/grundlagen/oekolog_ planungskriteriene_ n.pdf> Hassell 2015, Olympic Park Station, viewed 5 March 2012,<http://www.hassellstudio.com/ en/cms-projects/detail/olympic-park-station/ >.

Brown, Stephen K 2008, High quality indoor environments for sustainable office buildings, <http://eprints.qut.edu.au/27232/1/27232.pdf> EPA Victoria 2008, Noise control guidelines, viewed 2nd March 2014 http://www.epa.vic. gov.au/~/media/publications/1254.pdf 2012, Community building on the web, ask! consulting engineers, viewed 2nd March 2014, <https://www.airah.org.au/iMIS15P_rod/ContentF_iles/Divisionmeetingpresentations/QLD/ MichaelLanchester_%20presentation.pdf> http://www.sydneyolympicpark.com.au/ http://www.hassellstudio.com/en/cms-projects/detail/olympic-park-station/ http://www.sydneyarchitecture.com/INW/INW09.htm Standars Australia, “Standars Australia”, 30 sept 2001, viewed 26 March 2015, AS/NZS 1680.2.1:2008, < http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd= 2&ved=0CCsQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Finfostore.saiglobal.com%2Fstore%2FPreviewDoc. aspx%3FsaleItemID%3D1404165&ei=lBoVVYDnIsTUmAXs8oKgDA&usg=AFQjCNGpaI9kLL5UFG9OX_ x4jQDa33Gzrw&bvm=bv.89381419,d.dGY>