Ian's AI Cookbook 2

1 of 13 Ian’s AI Cookbook 2 by Ian Beardsley Copyright © 2016 by Ian Beardsley

2 of 13 To continue my work that I produced in my book, Ian’s AI Cookbook, I search for the basic unit of energy (bue) in Artificial Intelligence and in biological life, and for the basic unit of energy storage (bues) in biological life and, in Artificial Intelligence (AI). I look for these values as I believe they will be of use in making calculations for the research project.

January 7, 2016 6:00 PM Drawing Parallels Between AI and Life (Nature’s AI Cookbook) I have likened the engineering of AI, or robots, to the biology of life. I have chosen silicon and germanium doped with silicon, phosphorus, or arsenic and gallium to be like the building blocks of life, amino acids, and have had success in deriving mathematical relationships like this, between them. As well I had success deriving aluminum-titanium alloy and iron as the skeleton, and plastic (CH4) as the skin (insulators) for wires (copper and aluminum) which I liken to veins.

This makes sense because as veins carry blood for energy to all the cells (components) of the body, wires carry electrons (nourishment) to the various components of the computer. I would add that the cpu, central processing unit, like intel chip, and memory board should be likened to the brain. We can also look at wires not as veins, but as the nervous system, because as the nervous system carries signals from the brains to the muscles, wires carry signals to the muscles of of AI, which are motors, gears, and hydraulics. So we should find further mathematical relationships in these latter ideas in Nature’s AI Cookbook, like we did in the former ideas. Further rubber would be padding for joints and could be linked to the cartilage that is the padding between the joints of bones in mammals. I have found the basic unit of energy for AI is 0.6 electron volts.

December 30, 2015 11:03 PM Capacitors are like lipids in biology; they store energy in AI. January 7, 2016 6:50 AM I have found the basic unit of energy for AI is 0.6 electron volts, and the basic unit of energy for biological life is about 30 electron volts, which is 50 times greater than the basic energy unit of electronic life, or AI. I also find the basic unit of energy storage for biological life is about 109 electron volts. I am searching for the basic unit of energy storage for electronic life, or, AI, and believe that it exists somewhere in the constant for vacuum permittivity and the time of one tenth of a second, since that time mysteriously crops up in RC circuits, as I show in this manuscript.

January 7, 2015 5:50 PM

3 of 13 Threshold Of Life For Artificial Intelligence And The Basic Unit of Energy For Biological Life Electron Volt: A unit of energy equal to the work done on an electron in accelerating it through a potential of one volt. It is 1.6E10-19 Joules (Google Search Engine) Volt: Potential energy that will impart on joule of energy per coulomb of charge that passes through it. (Wikipedia) Coulomb: The charge of 6.242E18 protons or 6.242E18 electrons.

Forward Bias: A diode (silicon) must have 0.7 volts across it to turn it on, 0.3 volts (Germanium). This is called forward voltage. The forward voltage threshold is 0.6 volts.

(0.6 volts)(1.6E-19)=9.6E-20 Joules This is the energy to turn on a diode, or the threshold of life for artificial intelligence.

Ian Beardsley December 30, 2015 1:10 AM

Carbohydrates are one of the main types of nutrients. They are the most important source of energy for your body. Your digestive system changes carbohydrates into glucose (blood sugar). Your body uses this sugar for energy for your cells, tissues and organs.Dec 4, 2015 (Google) Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. (Wikipedia) Aerobic respiration requires oxygen (O2) in order to generate ATP. Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are consumed as reactants, it is the preferred method of pyruvate breakdown in glycolysis and requires that pyruvate enter the mitochondria in order to be fully oxidized by the Krebs cycle. The products of this process are carbon dioxide and water, but the energy transferred is used to break strong bonds in ADP as the third phosphate group is added to form ATP (adenosine triphosphate), by substratelevel phosphorylation, NADH and FADH2 Simplified reaction: C6H12O6 (s) + 6 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) + heat ΔG = −2880 kJ per mol of C6H12O6 The mole is a unit of measurement for amount of substance. It is defined as the amount of any chemical substance that contains as many elementary entities, e.g., atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, or photons, as there are atoms in 12 grams of pure carbon-12 (12C), the isotope of carbon with relative atomic mass 12 by definition. This number is expressed by the Avogadro constant, which has a value of 6.02214129(27)×1023. (Wikipedia) (2,880,000 J)/(6.02E23 C6H12O6) =4.784E-18 J = basic unit of biological life (4.784E-18 J)/(9.6E-20 J)=49.8~50

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This says the basic energy unit of organic, or biological life, is about 50 times greater than the basic energy unit of electronic life, or artificial intelligence.

That is 0.6(50)=30 electron volts = basic unit of energy for biological life.

Ian Beardsley January 7, 2016 12:28 AM Energy Storage

Triglycerides, stored in adipose tissue, are a major form of energy storage both in animals and plants. The adipocyte, or fat cell, is designed for continuous synthesis and breakdown of triglycerides in animals, with breakdown controlled mainly by the activation of hormone-sensitive enzyme lipase.[55] The complete oxidation of fatty acids provides high caloric content, about 9Â kcal/g, compared with 4Â kcal/g for the breakdown of carbohydrates and proteins. Migratory birds that must fly long distances without eating use stored energy of triglycerides to fuel their flights.[56] (Wikipedia)

Unsaturated Fatty Acids (From Wikipedia) Two essential fatty acids are linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). They are widely distributed in plant oils. The human body has a limited ability to convert ALA into the longer-chain n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA),[7] which can also be obtained from fish.

Chemical Formula of linoleic acid: C18H32O2 (from wikipedia) Molar Mass: 280.45 g/mol (from wikipedia)

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If we say the basic unit of energy storage is the fatty acid linoleic acid, then: (9,000 cal/g)(280.45 g/mol)=2,524050 cal/mol And (2,524,050 cal/mol)(1 mol/6.02E23 molecules)=4.19E-18 cal/C18H32O2 So, (4.19E-18 cal)(4.184J/cal)=1.75E-17J/C18H32O2 That is, (1.75E-17J)(electron volt/1.60218E-19J)=109.226 electron volts In other words, the basic unit of energy storage for biological life is about 109 electron volts.

Capacitors Are The Fatty Acids of AI (They Store Energy in Circuits) Resistor-Capacitor Circuits (RC Time Constant) RC=>10 times period (T) in seconds Period is time between incoming pulses.

In other words if period between incoming pulses is 10 seconds, then RC=100 seconds.

That could be as an example, RC = (100 ohms)(1 Farad) The time constant is the time it takes in seconds for a capacitor to charge to 63.3% or to discharge by 63.3%.

6 of 13 A load is watts (W), which is joules per second, which is ohms.

W=(V)(I) or W= (I squared)(R) or W=(V squared)/R or R = (V Squared)/W W=(1/2)CV^2 W=watts, C=capacitance, V=volts C=Q/V=farads=coulombs/volts or Q=CV Self-capacitance of a conducting sphere of radius R, is: C=4(pi)(e_0)R e_0 is the electric constant which is 8.854E-12 F/m where m = meters e_0 is also called the vacuum permittivity.

Joules = Volts x Coulombs We have stated all of this to express a peculiar electrical property that one tenth of resistance times capacitance gives the period between discharges of a capacitor in seconds. Rigorously: RC/T = 10 RQ/VT =10 from C=Q/V RJ/(V^2)T= 10 from Q=J/V (V^2)(J)/(V^2)WT=J/WT=10 from R=(V^2)/W 10T=J/W Watts=Joules/second 10T=J/J/sec 10T=one second T=(1/10)second

7 of 13 The Following Statement Is The Important Thing: The voltage dropped across a conducting, forward-biased diode is called the forward voltage. Forward voltage for a diode varies only slightly for changes in forward current and temperature, and is fixed by the chemical composition of the P-N junction. Silicon diodes have a forward voltage of approximately 0.7 volts. (From Google).

It leads to the following logic gate analysis: 

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12 of 13 30/1.2 =25 A diode logic gate has to have an input of 1.2 eV to get an output of one “bue” electronic. That is an input for which one “bue” biological is 25 times greater. (“bue” means “basic unit of energy”).

January 10, 2016 10:00 PM

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