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Figure 2.1 The Collaborative Model
Advisory Advisory Group
Consultative Consultative Group RegulatoryRegulatory Group
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Free Market Group F M kt Free Market
Collaborative CollaborativeGroup
Decision-maker Information Flow StakeholderDecision Maker Stakeholder Information Flow defi nite indefi nite
Figure 2.1 The Collaborative Model
Source: Author elaboration (Sebastian Moffatt). Note: A collaborative model replaces hierarchical structures and increases the potential for exchange and cooperation.
example, if the government sector is often the most well informed, it is usually the least willing to take risks. Civil sector groups, if well represented, may help provide the motivation and vision to keep everyone from seeing only problems and barriers. Input from the academic and knowledge sector may be especially useful in expanding the scope of discussions and, at later stages, incorporating high-quality research and expertise into design exercises and planning proposals. The precise mix of stakeholders from each sector must be carefully considered because each city will be characterized by diff erent political relationships and institutional structures. The composition should also vary to refl ect the scope of the planning and the projects under consideration.
In the public sector, the stakeholders may include all the agencies and departments with the scope to aff ect cities. These may be national, state, municipal, or district. At each level, there may be additional regulatory, infrastructure development, and service delivery agencies responsible for land, water, energy, transportation, and waste management. Some of these agencies may participate in public-private partnerships, and this requires the involvement of networks. Neighboring jurisdictions are also potential stakeholders. Collaborating with adjacent cities and regions may result in strong synergies in such areas as integrated planning for the reuse of waste materials, the coordination of transportation and land development, and cooperative economic development.
The private sector and households are key players in energy and resource use, as well as in creating local pollution and global greenhouse gas emissions, and they need to be considered in the Eco2 process. A recent report on sustain-
