Figure 2.28 Baseline Scenario: Initial Capital Costs

developed from the workshop sketches using a variety of the housing forms listed in the residential section (see above). Though a precise, detailed neighborhood design was not established, zoning areas, building forms, street types, and public buildings were scaled accurately so that the outcome was a plausible result. Generally, this is a much more compact plan than the baseline scenario. Buildings are more tightly packed, and there are more open, intermediary public spaces. There are several more uses and building types than the case in the baseline scenario. Neighborhood streets and roads are also narrower, in line with Canadian Alternative Development Standards.

The sustainable neighborhood plan includes the following:

• A small area of large-lot single-family residences • A number of small areas of minilot duplexes • A few small areas of two-story townhouses • Several areas of three-story stacked townhouses • Three- or four-story apartment buildings along the east part of the 112th Avenue extension • A seniors-oriented district of three- or fourstory apartment buildings to the east of the hospital site • A row of mixed use commercial units with apartments above and along the 112th Avenue extension, slightly north of the hospital site • A school and a community center • A public lookout at the water tower • Energy-effi cient homes

Open public space is integrated and multiuse, including greenways, community gardens, bicycle paths, cross-country ski trails, and a large commons around the school and community center.

Analysis of Costs and Value in the Scenarios

Baseline scenario: Costs and value Using typical costs for roads, sewerage, water supply, schools, and other services, one sees that the baseline scenario results in about US$36,000 in initial capital costs for each residential unit (fi gure 2.28). The estimated cost of a storm water pond is included under green infrastructure. The estimated cost of a water pumping station is included under userdefi ned costs. Note that roads dominate in the capitals costs. Using these capital costs, the baseline scenario results in about US$6,500 in operating costs for each residential unit (fi gures 2.29 and 2.30).

All infrastructure assets depreciate; so, a true representation of the costs must include replacement costs over time, including infl ation in construction costs. Figure 2.31 illustrates the annual operating costs for all types of infrastructure if these are spread over a 75-year life-

Figure 2.28 Baseline Scenario: Initial Capital Costs

Source: Fort St. John (2009).