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Figure 2.48 ELP-Related Achievements in Hammarby Sjöstad
Figure 2.48 ELP-Related Achievements in Hammarby Sjöstad
Source: Grontmij AB. Note: The fi gure shows environmental impacts per apartment and year compared with the reference. The ELPs illustrate the effect of the property developer’s measures and the effects of improved energy production and wastewater management (Levin and Rönnkvist-Mickelsson 2004).
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areas. Relative to a reference scenario, the results were a 28–42 percent reduction in nonrenewable energy use, a 41–46 percent reduction in water use, a 29–37 percent reduction in global warming potential, a 33–38 percent reduction in photochemical ozone creation, a 23–29 percent reduction in acidifi cation potential, a 49–53 percent reduction in eutrophication potential, and a 27–40 percent reduction in radioactive waste.
The overall environmental goal set for Hammarby Sjöstad is to reduce environmental loads by half relative to urban development loads in the early 1990s. Even though this goal of twice as good has not yet been reached, the reductions in the environmental loads in the area are signifi cant. The main contributor to the improvements has been eff ective planning in the area, such as planning for district heating, urban transportation, waste, and wastewater management.
Monitoring in the Hammarby Sjöstad environmental program has contributed to the technical and economic understanding of appropriate societal and fi nancial environmental measures in the continued development of the district. The results of the monitoring may also be useful in planning or undertaking similar projects.
The ELP in the planning process
Environmental planning has not been the norm in the past, and it is apparent that there is still much room to improve the environmental impacts of urban development initiatives. The availability of a proactive approach and the ability to analyze the potential for enhancement in the planning process make it more likely that one will adopt cost-eff ective measures that contribute signifi cantly to increased sustainability. Improvements may be possible in three areas: (1) the upstream system (streams of materials and services fl owing into the area), (2) the core system (the project), and (3) the downstream system (the management of waste fl ows and the reuse of materials), as follows:
