DLC Australia Pty Ltd Sourthern Office: 17-19 Horne Street Hoppers Crossing, Vic 3029 Ph:0393609700 Nothern Office: 6/1 Learjet Drive Caboolture Qld 4510 Ph:0754283666 October 2006
Exposure time table (Small Animals) for Atomscope RHF100/40+ – Resonance-High-Frequency X-Ray Unit FILMS (green sensitive) Kodak, MXG,TMAT-G, Xsight FFD 75 cm (Film-Focus-Distance) SCREENS: Rare Earth Kodak Regular 400, green emitting X-ray grid 103 LPI, Ratio 6:1, focused Automatic Film Processor 32°C
Cat approx. 4 kg
Region
Caput latero-lateral Caput dorso-ventral Vertebrae cervicales latero-lateral Vertebrae cervicales ventro-dorsal (VD) Vertebrae thoracales latero-lateral Vertebrae thoracales VD Vertebrae lumbales latero-lateral Vertebrae lumbales VD Pelvis latero-lateral Dysplasia coxae Thorax latero-lateral Thorax VD Abdomen latero-lateral pars cranialis Abdomen latero-lateral pars caudalis Abdomen VD Articulatio humeri latero-lateral Articulatio humeri VD Articulatio cubiti latero-lateral Articulatio cubiti cran.-caud. Carpus manus Articulatio genus latero-lateral Articulatio genus caud.-cran. Tarsus - Carpus manus / pedis
kV / Sec. 44 / 0,06 46 / 0,06 44 / 0,06 44 / 0,06 50 / 0,04 50 / 0,04 50 / 0,05 50 / 0,05 54 / 0,04 50 / 0,05 50 / 0,04 48 / 0,05 50 / 0,05 46 / 0,06 48 / 0,06 44 / 0,04 44 / 0,06 40 / 0,04 40 / 0,06 40 / 0,04 42 / 0,04 44 / 0,04 42 / 0,04
Small Dog approx. 8 kg * * * *
* *
* * * * * *
kV / Sec. 46 / 0,05 * 48 / 0,06 * 46 / 0,04 * 46 / 0,04 * 50 / 0,08 Grid 56 / 0,10 Grid 52 / 0,10 Grid 54 / 0,10 Grid 58 / 0,12 Grid 54 / 0,12 Grid 54 / 0,10 Grid 50 / 0,06 Grid 54 / 0,06 Grid 54 / 0,10 Grid 56 / 0,12 Grid 46 / 0,05 48 / 0,06 40 / 0,06 * 40 / 0,07 * 40 / 0,06 * 42/0,06 * 42 / 0,07 * 42 / 0,06 *
Medium Dog approx. 15 kg kV / Sec. 50 / 0,05 52 / 0,04 50 / 0,10 Grid 50 / 0,12 Grid 56 / 0,10 Grid 58 / 0,14 Grid 60 / 0,12 Grid 60 / 0,10 Grid 64 / 0,17 Grid 62 / 0,13 Grid 60 / 0,10 Grid 60 / 0,06 Grid 64 / 0,08 Grid 62 / 0,12 Grid 64 / 0,15 Grid 52 / 0,04 54 / 0,04 42 / 0,07 42 / 0,08 42 / 0,07 44 / 0,07 44 / 0,08 44 / 0,07
*
* * * * * *
Large Dog approx. 30 kg kV / Sec. 56 / 0,05 58 / 0,06 60 / 0,13 Grid 62 / 0,13 Grid 66 / 0,12 Grid 74 / 0,13 Grid 70 / 0,15 Grid 70 / 0,13 Grid 68 / 0,19 Grid 66 / 0,17 Grid 64 / 0,16 Grid 70 / 0,07 Grid 72 / 0,12 Grid 64 / 0,19 Grid 70 / 0,21 Grid 56 / 0,14 Grid 56 / 0,13 Grid 44 / 0,08 44 / 0,08 44 / 0,07 46 / 0,08 46 / 0,08 44 / 0,08
* * * * * *
Very Large Dog approx. 45 kg kV / Sec. 62 / 0,04 64 / 0,04 66 / 0,13 Grid 68 / 0,14 Grid 72 / 0,13 Grid 78 / 0,15 Grid 76 / 0,22 Grid 76 / 0,16 Grid 74 / 0,23 Grid 70 / 0,20 Grid 68 / 0,19 Grid 80 / 0,10 Grid 82 / 0,10 Grid 70 / 0,19 Grid 80 / 0,23 Grid 60 / 0,13 Grid 60 / 0,15 Grid 46 / 0,08 46 / 0,08 46 / 0,08 48 / 0,08 48 / 0,08 46 / 0,08
*
* * * * *
General Advice Values are for reference only. It might be necessary to adjust or modify the above indicate values, depending on the type and brand of the intensifying screen and the x-ray film. If the developed radiographs turned out too light, they are underexposed. If the developed radiographs turned out too dark, they are overexposed. If pictures are too light, increase sec. by one step. If pictures are too dark, decrease sec. by one step. Do not change kV value. Darkroom conditions can also influence the quality of radiographs. Check chemicals and temperature of developer (hand tank 18-20° C – Automatic processor 30-32° C).
* The indicated values are for screens factor 400. However, we recommend utilizing intensifying screen factor 200 or 100! If you choose factor 200 or 100, please adjust the exposure times accordingly!
DLC Australia Pty Ltd Sourthern Office: 17-19 Horne Street Hoppers Crossing, Vic 3029 Ph:0393609700 Nothern Office: 6/1 Learjet Drive Caboolture Qld 4510 Ph:0754283666 October 2006
EXPOSURE TIME TABLE FOR EQUINE PRACTICE Values are for High-Frequency X-Ray unit Atomscope RHF 100/40+ with orthochromatic intensifying screens (”RARE EARTH” - Gadoliniumoxybromide), G R E E N S E N S I T I V E Factor 400. The short exposure times of this high performance unit allow using intensifying screens with lower factor (e.g. 50, 100 or 200). These screens consequently require longer exposure times. Please multiply the time indicated for factor 400 as follows: x 5 for screen factor 50 – x 3 for factor 100 – x 2 for factor 200. In order to obtain uniform quality of radiographs, it is important to use the same film- and chemical brand products consistently. Low quality film material can cause considerable image problems. Values are for reference only. Slight adjustments might be necessary. As a general rule, exposures with utilization of an Xray grid need exposure times 2 - 3 times longer than radiographs without use of an x-ray grid. Region
X-Ray Grid
FFD cm
KV
Sec...
Columna vertebralis thoracalis Carpus a-p hard Carpus a-p soft Carpus lateral (flexed) soft Carpus lateral (latero-lateral) hard Processus spinales vertebrae cerv/th Processus spinales vertebrae lumb Articulatio cubiti (lateral) Art. metacarpo/-tarsophalangea lat. hard Art. metacarpo/-tarsophalangea lat. soft Os sesamoideum proximale Ossa metacarpalia/-tarsalia II + IV Vertebrae cervicales Vertebrae cervicales 6./7. Phalanx distalis a-p Phalanx distalis a-p Articulatio genus p-a (stifle) Articulatio genus (lateral) Caput p-a Caput (lateral) Diverticulum tubae auditivae Sinus maxillaris Articulatio humeri Os naviculare (Oxspring)60°a-p hard Tangential Ueltschi Tarsus a-p Tarsus (lateral) Thorax Dentes oblique Digitus III manus/pedis (lat.) hard Digitus III manus/pedis (lat.) soft
w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid
75 75 75 75 75 75
80 70 66 60 60 60
0,17 0,06 0,04 0,06 0,04 0,07-0,09
w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid
75 75 75
80 70 66
0,20 0,08-0,10 0,04
w/o Grid
75
60
0,04
w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid with Grid with Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid with Grid
75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
56 44 76 80 62 58 80 70 66 66 66 60 80 72
0,10 0,06 0,08 0,23 0,04-0,08 0,04-0,06 0,13 0,09 0,04-0,06 0,08-0,10 0,10 0,04 0,18 0,14
w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid w/o Grid
75 75 75 75 75 75
60 74 64 100 70 66 56
0,15 0,06 0,06-0,08 0,18 0,09 0,04 0,04
KV
Sec...
All values are reference values, based on a medium sized saddle horse For positioning technique, please refer to Douglas Williamson
2
Note
Screen Factor 200
DLC Australia Pty Ltd Sourthern Office: 17-19 Horne Street Hoppers Crossing, Vic 3029 Ph:0393609700 Nothern Office: 6/1 Learjet Drive Caboolture Qld 4510 Ph:0754283666 October 2006
BIRDS AND SMALL ZOO ANIMALS The screen factor is very important. We recommend high resolution, low speed rare earth intensifying screens factor 100. We strongly encourage using highest quality x-ray films. X-ray grids are not required. Please refer to special literature for correct positioning and retaining of the animal. Especially for birds, the techniques may vary from the usual practice. ALL VALUES ARE REFERENCE VALUES.
OBJECT
REGION
Grey parrot
v-d lat.
Budgerigar
Common buzzard Guinea Pig
Hamster
Greek tortoise
d-v lat. cran-cau
Iguana King Python
d-v lat.
Skeleton/Torso Wings Hind legs Scull Skeleton/Torso Wings Hind legs Scull Skeleton/Torso Scull Thorax Abdomen Scull Extremity Thorax Abdomen Scull Extremity Torso Torso Torso Torso Torso Torso
FFD cm
KV
Sec.
75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
46 46 40 40 44 44 40 42 44 48 44 44 44 44 42 44 42 42 40 54 56 58 46 46 44
0,07 0,06 0,09 0,09 0,07 0,07 0,04 0,04 0,07 0,08 0,07 0,06 0,16 0,10 0,07 0,07 0,10 0,06 0,07 0,13 0,16 0,16 0,13 0,13 0,13
3
KV
Sec.
Note