VERTICAL CITIES ASIA EVERYONE HARVESTS TU DELFT TEAM A HANOI VISION 2050 PART 1 MASTERPLAN
5 km
VCA - site
5 km
As Hanoi’s population grows by 70% to 11 million by 2050, an integrated regional masterplan with dense satellite cities linked by transport and clean energy infrastructure can reduce problems typically associated with population growth: pollution, congestion, sprawl, food and housing shortages... Modernization can be the solution to the problems it normally creates...
VERTICAL CITIES ASIA 2013 TU DELFT TEAM A HANOI VISION 2050 PART 1 MASTERPLAN About Vertical Cities Asia Competition The Vertical Cities Asia International Design Competition is organised by the National University of Singapore (NUS) School of Design and Environment (SDE), and is sponsored by the World Future Foundation (WFF) and Beijing Vantone Citylogic Investment Corporation. The competition was launched on 1 January 2011, premised on the belief that a new paradigm of high density compact urban development was neces-
sary for rapidly urbanising Asia, which is besieged by massive rural-urban migrations. Either existing urban architectural models will continue to be recycled to accommodate increasing populations with devastating effects on land, infrastructure, and the environment or new models of urban architecture will be formed to take on the specifics of Asian urban development.
Competition Brief - EVERYONE HARVESTS Every year a one square kilometre territory will be the subject of the competition. This area, to house 100,000 people living and working, sets the stage for tremendous research and investigation into urban density, verticality, domesticity, work, food, infrastructure, nature, ecology, structure, and program - their holistic integration and the quest for visionary paradigm will be the challenges of this urban and architectural invention. This new environment will have a full slate of livework-play provisions, with the residential component making up to 50% of the total floor space. In the third of this series of competitions, the theme of “Everyone Harvests” will be explored. By year 2050, food production is projected to increase by about 70 percent globally and nearly 100 percent in developing countries in order to meet the needs of the world’s expected 9 billion-strong population (UN Food and Agriculture Organisation).
However this incremental demand for food worldwide is facing growing challenge with competition for land and water resources, with quarter of all land of the planet being highly degraded (United Nations). With projections of nearly 80% of the world population to reside in urban centres by the year 2050, the brief is seeking for potential solutions for an entirely new approach to urban agriculture. The proposals should provide visions for a sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply that can first fulfil the basic needs of the daily food consumption of the city and if possible, produce surplus that can support the needs of other cities as well. The understanding of “harvesting” will be extended to include energy and water resources. The solutions should seek to introduce innovative ways to effectively utilize resources, such as minimizing water, saving energy and their associated costs related to urban agriculture.
SITE
COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
The site is located about 17km to the west of the city centre of Hanoi, Vietnam. It is part of the Hoai Duc District.. It has the Thang Long Highway running from east to west. The highway from north to south has not been constructed.
The objective of the competition is to seek a holistic solution or a new urban paradigm for a rapidly growing Asian city which also faces the issues of sustainability and quality of life that also addresses the notion of food production in Asian cities.
TEAM A Donatas Baltrusaitis - Lithuania Emilia Bruck - Austria Jonian Silaj - Albania/Greece Tomas Kalinauskas - Lithuania Wouter van Faassen - Netherlands Michael Cerrone - Netherlands Saskia van Eijk - Netherlands Contact Information e-mail: w.vanfaassen@gmail.com mobile: +31 628 21 35 33
CP www.verticalcitiesasia.com
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 6 1. SITE CONDITIONS 8 2. WHAT DOES HANOI NEED? 10 3.
PERKINS EASTMAN HA NOI MASTER PLAN 2030
14
4. HANOI VISION 2050 16
TECHNICAL INDEX
INTRODUCTION Hanoi is a city absorbing the rapid urbanization of Vietnam, at the forefront of the movement away from an agrarian economy. Hanoi faces extreme traffic congestion, air and water pollution, insufficient infrastructure, and too expensive property sprawling in its immediate hinterland. Hanoi is also an unbelievably energetic, adaptive and innovative city. Its architecture is endlessly interesting, from the Do-It-Yourself appendages to socialist-era mass housing to its new towers to its Tube Houses (old and new). We want to harness Hanoi’s resources for a vision for 2050.
The competition brief asks for a high density cluster at, or even over the edge of the city, beyond the 4th ring road. We think that for any urbanism proposal to be successful, it needs to address Hanoi’s combination of needs by absorbing pressure at various points in the region, creating a network of new developments that looks 30 years into the future rather than at the next property bubble. Ultimately, any plan must enable the growth of Hanoi from a city of 3 million to a metropolitan region of 11 million.
Hanoi is surrounded by agricultural land, but the concept of “harvesting” needs to be extended beyond the production of food. For Hanoi, ‘Harvesting’ applies to essentially every resource – from food to energy to education to transportation – that is required, consumed, and produced by the city. This idea requires a masterplan for the entire region that looks not just at the idea that “Everyone Harvests” but of everything.
AIRPORT CITY
HUB CITY AGRICULTURAL CITY
UNIVERSITY CITY
6
VCA 2013
VISION 2050 PART 1 MASTERPLAN
7
1. SITE CONDITIONS
Ultimate hinterland - the site presents a ragbag of booming villages, abandoned developments, rich agriculture...
TRICON TOWERS _NEW DEVELOPMENT
SPLENDORA _NEW DEVELOPMENT
HOA LAC
1 km
HA NOI
NAM AN KHANH _NEW DEVELOPMENT
AN KHANH AN THUONG _NEW DEVELOPMENT NAM AN KHANH _NEW DEVELOPMENT
5 km
City expansion area
8
VCA 2013
Villages
The VCA site is characterized by traditional Vietnamese villages (above), agricultural landscapes and new urban developments. A 150-meter wide highway, completed in 2010, cuts through the site (left), connecting the center of Hanoi with the planned University city, Hoa Lac, to the West. Adjacent villages like Van Lung or Phu Vinh (specialized in bamboo crafting) maintain their cultural richness and communal ties even as they undergo their own building boom.
Where development has taken place, it consists of predominantly unfinished large villas, mid-rise apartments, and very long row houses by the side of the road (Splendora, above). While real estate development gained momentum since Doi Moi, making it the most profitable business in Vietnam in 2007, the market has stagnated since 2011. Vietnam now faces oversupply of high end real estate at the same time as having a severe shortage of affordable and social housing.
To gain land for high-end developments like Splendora, agricultural land formerly cultivated by farmers from adjacent villages has been expropriated in recent years. In some cases (above), five years later no development work has begun. It was the sight of eerie ghost towns, uncultivated land and protesting rice farmers, suffering from the expropriation of their agricultural land, which we faced during the site visit, this March.
VISION 2050 PART 1 MASTERPLAN
9
2. WHAT DOES HANOI NEED? Based on the experience we gained through multiple site visits and a 12-week research period, we defined a set of issues that need to be addressed in their intertwined complexity. A single new development would not be sufficient to cover them‌
10
VCA 2013
MORE AFFORDABLE HOUSING
MODERNIZED AGRICULTURE
According to the Ministry of Construction, the municipal area of Hanoi currently holds an inventory of 5,780 empty apartments, hundreds of villas and townhouses and an estimate of fallow plots totaling 300,000 ha. At the same time 54% of Hanoi’s population has an immediate need for housing, equaling 1.8 million inhabitants. While Vietnam has some of the expensive land prices in the world, ranked 20th, average income is ranked 120th in the world.
While agricultural production contributes 20% to the annual GDP, 48% of the population continues to be employed in the sector. Diversifying their production, farmers increasingly complement their traditional rice paddies with vegetable cultivation. Vegetable production is less labor intensive, higher in yields and income per hectare. Farmers in the Hanoi region cultivate a variety of vegetables, fruit, and fish as well as rice. As plots remain small, around 360 m2, use of mechanization is rare. Some farmers use animals such as cattle or buffalo, while very few use small tractors, often shared between several farm households. Most of the farmers cultivate their land in the traditional labor intensive way.
SCOOTER-FREE MOBILITY
TRANSPORT
CLEAN ENERGY
Vietnam’s current mobility infrastructure is inadequate to meet the rapidly growing demands placed upon it. While the density of Vietnam’s road network is higher than in other southeast Asian countries, the quality of infrastructure in Vietnam was ranked 119th out of 144 countries in 2012. One of the challenges that the transport sector in Vietnam faces is the road fatalities caused by the increased use of scooters, which clog both roads and (when parked) sidewalks. The number of motorcycles in Vietnam has exploded from 18.3 per 1,000 people in 1990 to 223.4 units per 1,000 people in 2006, when 95% of all registered vehicles are motorcycles.
Food marketing channels for raw food can be classified into traditional and modern distribution systems. The traditional system runs from producer to wholesale units (i.e. assemblers, transporters, wholesalers, etc.) to retail units (i.e. small traders, market retailers, small shops and street vendors). The modern distribution system runs from producer to wholesalers and processors to supermarkets to consumers. The traditional marketing system prevails in Hanoi. Food supply and distribution activities are an important source of income, particularly for poor urban households and seasonal migrants.
In 2005, EVN (Electricity Of Vietnam) reported that 2 million households, 12% of the country, had no access to electricity. As energy consumption increases in tandem with economic growth, Vietnam stopped exporting energy, particularly fossil fuels, in 2010. Energy demands annually increase by 17%, due to the supply shortages of electricity in rural areas. To meet the demands, energy imports, predominantly from China and Laos, are annually growing. Alternative and renewable energy sources, hence, have the potential to play an increasingly important role in Vietnam.
VISION 2050 PART 1 MASTERPLAN
11
12
VCA 2013
VISION 2050 PART 1 MASTERPLAN
13
3. PERKINS EASTMAN HA NOI MASTER PLAN 2030 We launched our work not by starting from scratch, but by studying the regional masterplan already in place for Hanoi, designed by the US American and Korean consortium Posco-Perkins and Eastman-Jina (PPJ) in 2008 (and commissioned by the Ministry of Construction). To relieve pressure on central Hanoi, Perkins Eastman propose a series of satellite cities. The location of the new cities is based on geotechnical and environmental studies, focusing on flood security and agricultural land preservation. According to Paul Buchhurst of Perkins Eastman, certain components were not
studied: a financial or energy plan to support the sustainable growth of the cities, and aspects such as Vietnamese urban life, housing, and cultural specificities. These are the exact areas – infrastructure and housing – where Hanoi’s need is greatest, and where we choose to elaborate the existing plan. Perkins Eastman’s masterplan proposes an ideal distribution of population and resources to meet Hanoi’s ambitions of becoming an economic gateway with a population of 11 million
by 2050. We suggest complementing their plan with an economic strategy, the detailing of several satellite cities (two of them in new locations), and a regional concept of agricultural diversity and elements specific to the Vietnamese urban quality of life.
Di Thai Nguyn Di Bac Ninh
Di Lao Cai Di Vinh Yen
275
Di Phu Tho Di Vinh Yen
Di Quang Ninh
Di Vinh Yen
275
Me Linh
230 Di Lang Son
Dong Anh
Son Tay
220
60 HANOI
589
1.500
Gia Lam
HANOI
60
Hoa Lac Hoa Lac
Di Bac Ninh
2.200
730 Di Tp Hoa Binh
Di Hai Phong
60
Di Hai Phong
Xuan Mal Di Tp Hoa Binh
Xuan Mal
Phu Xayen
275 Phu Xayen
1 km
2
3
4
5
6
Masterplan model
Di Tay Bac
Population distribution
Hanoi urban core
≥ 10.000 people/ km�
Expansion of the core.
6.000 - 8.000 people/ km� 5.000 - 6.000 people/ km� 4.000 - 5.000 people/ km�
Administrative center - satellite Eco towns
Di Phu Ly
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
< 4.000 people/ km�
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
Urban growth model - Satellite Cities & Eco Towns
Population distribution - satellite cities take a major part of the burden away from central Hanoi
Di Thai Nguyn Di Bac Ninh
Di Lao Cai Di Vinh Yen Di Phu Tho Di Vinh Yen
Re d
Di Quang Ninh
Di Vinh Yen
Di Lang Son
riv er
Ba Vi national park HANOI
HANOI
Di Bac Ninh
Hoa Lac
Di Tp Hoa Binh
Di Hai Phong
Di Hai Phong Di Tp Hoa Binh
Xuan Mal
Phu Xayen
1 km
2
3
4
5
6
Di Tay Bac
Di Phu Ly
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
Proposed greenbelt - eprotecting agricultural land for traditional farming.
14
VCA 2013
Mobility & Transport Network - connectivity of satellite towns
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
PERKINS EASTMAN HANOI VISION 2030 TO 2050
Ambitions for Hanoi until 2050 1. Ease of population & traffic congestion 2. Facilitate population increase of 4.5 million 3. Preserve 70% of Hanoi’s metropolitan area as agricultural land Paul Buckhurst, principal designer
1 km
2
3
4
5
6
Trade, commercial use Healtcare (commercial) Land for religious use, “protected religious landscape” Preserved village
Freeway
Redeveloped villages
Highway
Urbanisedcity areas
Main roads
New development areas for residential function
Road
City core, old city districts
Bridge
City center, mixed function city districs
One level overpass
Education and technology Old villages Parks, urbanised green public space
Four level overpass High speed rail New road direction
Sport and recreation function
Airport
Flood areas, vast green structures of the city
Speed boat terminal
Mountain area
Main port (passengers and cargo)
Mountain area
Cargo port
Agriculture land
Passenger port
Water structures
Tram station
Industrial land
Bus stop Station
Forest land
Parking
Cemetery
Administrative boundaries
Infrastructure
Masterplan boundaries
VISION 2050 PART 1 MASTERPLAN
15
4. HANOI VISION 2050 TU DELFT INFRASTRUCTURAL MASTERPLAN FOR RED RIVER DELTA REGION Following Perkins Eastman’s design strategy of using satellite cities to absorb a population increase of 11 million by 2050, the goal of our masterplan is to support Hanoi’s urban and economic expansion through an extensive infrastructural network, allowing for a maximum of agricultural land to be
preserved. The masterplan proposes a hierarchy of networks, complementing existing infrastructure with new ways of connecting the center of Hanoi with its satellite cities. The masterplan further extends the Chinese high speed train network into Vietnam, placing Hanoi as a hub for southeast Asia. The densification of the urban expansion areas, as proposed by Perkins Eastman, discourages urban sprawl and sustains the agricultural land. Along main transport arteries, we propose a duality of regional industrialization and agricultural activity.
THAI NGUYEN
VINH YEN PROVINCE
LANG SON
KUNG MING (CHINA)
VINH YEN
SOC SON
HANOI AIRPORT HS
SON TAY
PHUC THO
HA PR
HANOI
HANOI EAST AIRPORT IS
QUOC OAI
HANOI WEST HS
HOA LAC PHO NOI
HAI DUO
CHUC SON
THANH OAI
HAI DUO PROVIN
PHU XUYEN
PHU LY
16
VCA 2013
HO CHI MINH CITY
HUNG YEN PROVINCE
HANOI
Perkins Eastman infrastructural proposal
HUB CITY
TU Delft further development
Metro network becomes iconic infrastructure
HA LONG
AI DUONG ROVINCE
ONG HAI PHONG
INFRASTRUCTURE MASTERPLAN OF RED RIVER DELT
ONG NCE
LEGEND BORDERS HANOI REGION OTHER REGIONS
RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE HIGH SPEED LINE INTERCITY LINE METRO LINE TRAIN STOPS METRO STOPS
ROAD STRUCTURE
SOUTH CHINA SEA
MAIN HIGHWAYS ROADS OF SECONDARY IMPORTANCE
AREAS URBANISED AREA SMART TECH AGRICULTURE AREA HIGH PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURE AREA
OTHER HIGH SPEED TRAIN STATION HIGH SPEED TRAIN STATION IN AIRPORT VISION 2050 PART 1 MASTERPLAN
17
HARVEST NETWORKS
AGRICULTURE -LOCAL The agricultural network proposes to increase agricultural productivity by means of a diversification and modernization of techniques. Traditional agriculture, maintained within Perkins Eastmanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s green belt, is complemented with high-production and smart-tech agricultural zones, located along train lines, roads and waterways linking Hanoi with the harbor of Haiphong.
HIGH PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE
TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE
18
VCA 2013
SMART TECH AGRICULTURE
MOBILITY & TRANSPORT - REGIONAL The proposed transport network extends existing infrastructure, connecting the industrial and agricultural productivity zones of the Red River Delta. The creation of satellite towns will increase the need for a multilayered public transit system. To compete with the popularity of the scooter, which lies in its inherent freedom and flexibility, the mobility network proposes a supplementing system of Metro, Light Rail, Inter City and High Speed trains.
THAI NGUYEN
LANG SON
KUNG MING (CHINA)
HANOI AIRPORT HS
HA LONG
HANOI EAST AIRPORT IS
HANOI WEST HS
HO CHI MINH CITY
ENERGY - NATIONAL We propose an energy network that extends the existing and planned power plant grid. Considering agricultural and industrial zones, we define strategic locations for renewable energy plants, such as wind parks and solar fields, efficient in production, storage and transportation.
KUMMING (CHINA) 6 430 000
HANOI
6 500 000
HO CHI MINH CITY
HO CHI MINH 6 420 000
EXISTING CONNECTIONS AND INDUSTRIAL LAND 10 km 50 km
150 km
300 km
VISION 2050 PART 1 MASTERPLAN
19
CREDITS Design Report 01 July 2013 Delft University of Technology c/o Faculty of Architecture Delft, Netherlands Vertical Cities Asia 2013 Everyone Harvests Hanoi, Vietnam Studio Leader Mitesh Dixit Department of Architecture Delft University of Technology Netherlands Studio Mentors James Westcott Department of Architecture Delft University of Technology Henco Bekkering Department of Urbanism Delft University of Technology Luisa Calabresse Department of Urbanism Delft University of Technology Stef Bogaerds - Teaching Assistant Department of Urbanism Delft University of Technology Students Joost Noorden - Netherlands Brendan Bakker - Netherlands Jaewoo Lee - South Korea Alise Jekabsone - Latvia Pim Schachtschabel - Netherlands Marten Reijnen - Netherlands Vaidotas Vaiciulis - Lithuania Donatas Baltrusaitis - Lithuania Emilia Bruck - Austria Jonian Silaj - Albania/Greece Tomas Kalinauskas - Lithuania Wouter van Faassen - Netherlands Michael Cerrone - Netherlands Saskia van Eijk - Netherlands Contacts Delft University of Technology c/o Faculty of Architecture Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands National University of Singapore School of Design and Environment c/o Department of Architecture 4 Architecture Drive Singapore 117566 Republic of Singapore
CP www.verticalcitiesasia.com
TECHNICAL INDEX I. SITE RESEARCH II. ANALYSIS PERKINS EASTMAN HANOI VISION 2050 III. RANDSTAD CASE STUDY IV. VCA HANOI VISION 2050
MASTERPLAN
TECHNICAL INDEX
DONG DA DISTRICT
MASTERPLAN
TECHNICAL INDEX
I. SITE RESEARCH The 2030 masterplan is a plan to accommoÂŹdate a 70% population increase by 2050. Hanoi is already straining under the burden of its current population: densifying in the center, sprawling in the hinterland, wearing out the infrastructure. Services like power and (sewÂŹage) water treatment are now already inadequate; without intervention, the situation will be dire in 10-20 years. Perkins Eastman try to distribute this urban pressure across the existing city and new satellites. At the same time it proposes to keep parts of the urban area open to provide a more
An Khanh An Thuong - on hold.
MASTERPLAN
livable environment; an opportunity many Chinese cities forgot to take in the last decade. To connect the different cores and to give an alternative for the use of scooters a light rail system and metro system are proposed and partly under construction. New ring roads ease the traffic in the city core and support the new city districts and satellites.
Nam An Khanh Residential-commercial project unfinished and abandoned.
Tricon Towers - with only the structure complete, these three apartment blocks stand abandoned within Splendora.
Splendora - First phase complete
Nam An Khanh - Commercial and financial development; currenly abandoned.
Rice fields separate Splendora from existing village.
Unfinished, abandoned housing (separate from Splendora project).
Unlike ponds in villages, this large pond currently has no use.
Apartment blocks almost finished; most units have sold.
Villas almost completed; 100% have owners.
Next to the villas - terraced houses.
Agricultural land separates Splendora from existing village. Ring road under construction.
Old cemetery next to new ring road.
Splendora management office.
Old pagoda in front of Splendora administrative building.
Phu Vinh village.
Villas adjacent to terraced houses.
TECHNICAL INDEX
Foundations of An Khanh An Thuong residential neighborhood.
Pond in Nam An Khanh with leisure elements.
Curvy street in Nam An Khanh.
Pagoda in Phu Vinh village.
The typical house of the Phu Vinh village.
The glass tower confronts its environment.
Land prepared for ring road still.
The village specialises in bamboos, rattan and bonsai trees.
Land has been bought by the state; villagers reconstruct their houses using money recieved for the land.
Some buildings are significantly bigger.
The primary school in Phu Vinh village.
Abandoned row houses along the road.
MASTERPLAN
Vast agricultural land
Song Phuong village
Dyke road in “Ghost city.”
Pond on the edge of Nam An Khanh.
The old cemetery of Song Phuong village
The small patch of agricultural land
“Ghost city”
Trees planted before housing.
ing road under constructuon
The street separates Nam An Khanh and Phu Vinh village
Unfinished structure, Nam An Khanh.
Splendora management office
Pond in the center of Splendora project
Pond in Phu Vinh village
Varying architectural styles within the village.
Almost finished villas in Splendora
The pond on the edge of Splendora
Abandoned high rise buildings in the north of Nam An Khanh
Phu Vinh village on Hanoi-Hoa Lac highway.
Industrial land with Mieu Nha village
Brick factory in the North An Khanh.
Hanoi Hoa Lac highway
TECHNICAL INDEX
II. ANALYSIS PERKINS EASTMAN HANOI VISION 2050 The 2030 master plan is a plan to accommodate growth. The population of Vietnam is rapidly expanding (up to 40% by 2050) and is placing an enormous pressure on the existing urban centers. Currently uncontrolled densification of the existing districts is taking more and more extreme form. The consequence is that the existing infrastructure can not keep up with the pace of the population growth of the city. Services like power and (sewage) water treatment are now already inadequate, 275 so imagine it in 10 to 20 years.
In the master plan the designers try to distribute this urban pressure over the existing city and new satellites. At the same time it proposes to keep parts of the urban area open to provide a more livable environment; an opportunity many Chinese cities forgot to take in the last decade. To connect the different cores and to give an alternative for the use of scooters a light rail system and metro system are proposed and partly under Diconstruction. Lao Cai Di Vinh Yen New ring roads ease the traffic in the city core and Di Phu Tho the new city districts and satellites. support Di Vinh Yen
POPULATION
275
ROAD NETWORK
Di Thai Nguyn
Di Bac Ninh
589 2.200
Di Quang Ninh
Di Vinh Yen
Di Lao Cai Di Vinh Yen
Di Vinh Yen
Di Tp Hoa Binh
Di Lang Son
60
220
Di Lang Son
Di Hai Phong
589
1.500 HANOI
60
Di Bac Ninh
2.200
HANOI
Di Tp Hoa Binh
Hoa Lac
730 Di Hai Phong
60
Di Tp Hoa Binh
Di Hai Phong
Di Hai Phong
275
Xuan Mal
Di Hai Phong
Di Bac Ninh
Xuan Mal
Di Hai Phong Di Tp Hoa Binh
Di Bac Ninh
Di Quang Ninh
Di Vinh Yen
Hoa Lac
60
Di Tp Hoa Binh
Gia Lam
HANOI
Di Phu Tho
275
730
Dong Anh
Di Thai Nguyn
1.500
275
60
Di Lang Son
220
Di Bac Ninh
Di Phu Tho
Hoa Lac
Di Quang Ninh
Di Vinh Yen
Son Tay
Di Lao Cai Di Vinh Yen
230
Di Bac Ninh
Me Linh
230 60
Di Vinh Yen
Di Thai Nguyn
Di Tp Hoa Binh
Xuan Mal
Phu Xayen 275 1 km
5
Phu Xayen
10
1 km
5
10
Phu Xayen 1 km
2
1 km
3
2
3
4
4
5
5
1 km
6
2
3
4
5
6
6
Population distribution Population distribution
Di Tay Bac
Population distribution 1 km
Di Tay Bac
2
3
4
5
6
≥ 10.000 people/ km�
Highway
≥ 10.000 people/ km�
6.000 - 8.000 people/ km� 5.0006.000 - 6.000 people/ km�people/ - 8.000 4.000 - 5.000 people/ km�
km� 5.000 - 6.000 people/ km� < 4.000 people/ km� 4.000 - 5.000 people/ km�
Di Phu Ly
Di Tay Bac
Main road Park way Express way
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
Di Phu Ly
population in map x 1000
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
RAILWAY
METRO Di Thai Nguyn
Di Thai Nguyn
Di Bac Ninh
Di Bac Ninh
Di Lao Cai Di Vinh Yen
Di Lao Cai Di Vinh Yen
Di Phu Tho Di Vinh Yen
Di Phu Tho
Di Quang Ninh
Di Vinh Yen
Di Vinh Yen
Me Linh
Di Quang Ninh
Di Vinh Yen
Me Linh
Son Tay
Son Tay
Di Lang Son
Di Lang Son
Dong Anh
HANOI
Dong Anh
Gia Lam
HANOI
Gia Lam
Di Bac Ninh
Di Bac Ninh
Hoa Lac
Hoa Lac
Di Tp Hoa Binh
Di Tp Hoa Binh
Di Hai Phong
Di Hai Phong
Di Hai Phong Di Tp Hoa Binh
Di Hai Phong
Xuan Mal
Di Tp Hoa Binh
Xuan Mal
Phu Xayen
1 km 1 km
2
1 km
3
2
3
4
5
4
5
5
6
6
Phu Xayen
10
1 km
5
10 1 km
2
3
4
5
6
Metro scheme Population distribution
Di Tay Bac
Population distribution
Movement of people Highway Main road Light rail Park way Express way Express bus
Di Phu Ly
routs High speed rail UMRT inner city network
Line 1 Highway Main road Line 2 Park way Line 3 Express way Line 4
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
Di Tay Bac
Di Phu Ly
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
WATER MANAGEMENT
GREEN STRUCTURE Di Thai Nguyn Di Thai Nguyn
Di Bac Ninh Di Bac Ninh
Di Lao Cai Di Vinh Yen Di Lao Cai Di Vinh Yen
Di Phu Tho
Di Vinh Yen
Di Phu Tho
Di Vinh Yen
Di Quang Ninh
Di Vinh Yen
Di Quang Ninh
Me Linh
Di Vinh Yen
Me Linh
Me Linh Son Tay Son Tay
Re d
Di Lang Son Dong Anh
Son Tay
Dong Anh
Di Lang Son
Dong Anh
riv er
Ba Vi national park
Gia Lam HANOI
Hoa Lac
Gia Lam
HANOI
Gia Lam
Di Bac Ninh Di Bac Ninh
HANOI
Hoa Lac Di Tp Hoa Binh
Hoa Lac Di Hai Phong
Di Tp Hoa Binh
Di Hai Phong Di Hai Phong Di Tp Hoa Binh Di Tp Hoa Binh
Di Hai Phong
Xuan Mal Xuan Mal
Xuan Mal
Phu Xayen Phu Xayen Phu Xayen
Masterplan model 1 km
2
3
4
1 km
5
6
5 1 km
2
10
Hanoi urban core
Surface water plant Expansion of the core. Di Tay Bac Surface water plant planned Surface water plant Administrative center - satellite Di Tay Bac Groundwater waterplant plantplanned Surface Eco towns Ground water plant planned Ground water plant Groundwater waterplant pumping station Ground planned
3
4
5
Di Phu Ly
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
< 4.000 people/ km�
6
Di Phu Ly Di Phu Ly
Ground water pumping station Di Tp Ho Chi Minh Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
MASTERPLAN
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
HANOI
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Masterplan does not have a financial strategy or a housing model. The satellite cities are placed based on geological research data, however we did not have enough resources to design a comprehensive transport model. We also did not focus on sustainable energy resources while improving new energy grid.â&#x20AC;?
HANOI Capital Construction Master Plan to 2030 and Vision to 2050 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Paul Buckhurst, principal designer for Hanoi masterplan Perkins and Eastman.
PPJ Perkins Eastman Architects Posco E&C JINA Architects IN ASSOCIATION WITH
Vietnam Institute of Architecture, Urban and Rural Planning Hanoi Urban Planning Institute
Copyright 2011 Perkins Eastman. All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without written consent of Perkins Eastman. Illustration and photography by BFJ Planning, Paul Buckhurst, and L. Bradford Perkins unless otherwise noted.
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2/2/2011 11:37:02 AM
TECHNICAL INDEX
III. RANDSTAD CASE STUDY The Greater Hanoi region is comparable to the Randstad, in southern Netherlands, both in urban structure and population. The Randstad consists of four major cities in the Netherlands: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht, Den Haag. Although every city has its own identity, economy and culture, and are within a considerable distance from each other, they function as one urban network. The reason for this is the elaborate train system which provides multiple connections
and mobility possibilities. Originally a vast green area(almost 40% of the Randstad area) was intended to be preserved in the core of Randstad. However, maintaining the structure became rather difficult due to the sprawl of urban areas. The train network in Randstad consists of three types of trains: high speed, providing international connections; intercity trains, and commuter trains providing connections between the smallest urban areas.
RANDSTAD
RANDSTAD RAILWAY NETWORK
ZWOLLE
AMSTERDAM
ZWOLLE
AMSTERDAM SHIPHOL
AMSTERDAM
SHIPHOL
AMERSFOORT
AMERSFOORT
LEIDEN
LEIDEN UTRECHT
DEN HAAG
DEN HAAG
DEN HAAG
UTRECHT
UTRECHT
ROTTERDAM
DELFT ROTTERDAM
DELFT
ROTTERDAM
RANDSTAD
HANOI
RANDSTAD
AREA & POPULATION 15 km
45 km
15 km
RANDSTAD
HANOI
Randstad: 8300 km²; 7 mln inhabitants
Hanoi: 3300 km²; 11 mln inhabitants (2050).
4300 km² GREEN HEART VS. BELT 15 km
45 km
190 km²
RANDSTAD
4300 km²
45 km
1 km
Randstad: “Green heart” - 40% of the whole randstad area.
30 km
60 km
1 km
Hanoi: Green belt - 70% of Great Hanoi area.
MASTERPLAN
GREEN HEART
GREEN BELT
GREEN HEART
30 km
RAILWAY NETWORK 45 km
15 km
HANOI Randstad - Elaborate train network with 3 types of train (sprinter, intercity and high speed).
RANDS
Hanoi - new masterplan introduce light rail to connect the city with satellites and metro.
RANDSTAD
HIGHWAY NETWORK 45 km
15 km
1 km
30 km
60 km
1 km
30 km
AMST Di Thai Nguyn Di Bac Ninh
AMSTERDAM
Di Lao Cai Di Vinh Yen Di Phu Tho
Di Vinh Yen
Di Quang Ninh
Di Vinh Yen
Me Linh
Son Tay Dong Anh
LEIDEN
LEIDEN
Di Lang Son
Gia Lam HANOI
Di Bac Ninh
DEN HAAG
Hoa Lac
DEN HAAG
UTRECHT
Di Tp Hoa Binh
Di Hai Phong
Di Hai Phong Di Tp Hoa Binh
Xuan Mal
ROTTERDAM
ROTTERDAM
Phu Xayen
1 km
6
12 km
Di Tay Bac
Highway Main road
Di Phu Ly
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
Di Tp Ho Chi Minh
Randstad - Elaborate higway system circles around the city without entering it.
Hanoi - new highway system allowes heavy traffic roads enter the city center.
Park way Express way
CONNECTIVITY VISION HANOI
5.
4.
3. 2.
1.
The main conclusion from the comparison of Hanoi and Randstad is that to maintain a dispersed urban system we will first of all have to increase the building densities to preserve open green space and provide connectivity opportunities to connect the cities into one urban entity. If we maintain the densities proposed by the Perkins Eastman masterplan the city would sooner or later face urban sprawl. In order to prevent this we decided to increase the Perkins Eastman densities in accordance with the VCA competition requirements. In this way a dispersed urban system could ease the stress in the center of Hanoi as well as maintaining the 70% of the area for preservation of the Hanoi green belt agricultural area.
1. Hanoi 2. Hub City 3. Agricultural City - VCA site 4. University City 5. Airport City.
1 km
5 km
15 km
30 km
TECHNICAL INDEX
DAO NGUYEN VILLAGE
MASTERPLAN
TECHNICAL INDEX
IV. VCA HANOI VISION 2050 DENSIFICATION One of the main ideas of the new masterplan is to preserve 70% of Greater Hanoi for agriculture. If we map the population growth and densities against the Perkins Eastman masterplan, the result would be the exact urban sprawl that they hope to
URBAN SPRAWL 1 km
5 km
15 km
ąčą30
Masterplan boundary Green belt Current urbanised areas
MASTERPLAN
avoid. The purpose of the densification strategy is to pick the right densities for Hanoi in order to preserve the agricultural land and stop urban sprawl. We developed building blocks with different densities. Mixing these different blocks allows us to densify the urban structure while maintaining program requirements and building regulations.
Total program GFA: 2 500 000 m²; Plot: 10.100 m², 50 plots; Plot GFA: 30 000 m²; FAR: 3.
2020 1 km 5 km
15 km
30 km
Total program GFA: 2 500 000 m²; Plot: 10.100 m², 50 plots; Plot GFA: 30 000 m²; FAR: 3.
Total program GFA: 2 500 000 m²; Plot: 10.100 m², 50 plots; Plot GFA: 50 000 m²; FAR: 5.
2030 1 km 5 km
15 km
30 km
Total program GFA: 2 500 000 m²; Plot: 10.100 m², 50 plots; Plot GFA: 60 000 m²; FAR: 6.
2050 1 km 5 km
15 km
30 km
Total program GFA: 2 500 000 m²; Plot: 10.100 m², 50 plots; Plot GFA: 70 000 m²; FAR: 7.
TECHNICAL INDEX
MOBILITY
THAI NGUYEN
2 6
2
6
26
6
SECTION A 1
SECTION A
GUYEN
THAI NGUYEN
2
NH
NH
NH CITY
SECTION A 2
BAC NINH 6
2
6
26
6
SECTION A 1 6
2 6
2
6
26
6
26
2
6
6
SECTION A
SECTION A
3
6
SECTION B
6
2
SECTION A 1
3
12
6
26
6
3
SECTION A 2
BAC NINH
SECTION B 2
THAI NGUYEN
SECTION A 2
BAC NINH 3
3
6
3
3
12
3
3
12
SECTION B 6
2
SECTION B
6
26
6
SECTION A 1 3 6
2
6
26
SECTION A
6
3
12
6
SECTION B
1,5
3
1,5
3
SECTION C
6
2
6
26
6
SECTION C B
SECTION A 2
BAC NINH
6
6
1,5
3
SECTION C
1,5
SECTION C 3
6
12
3
3
12
3
3
SECTION B
SECTION B
1,5
MASTERPLAN
1,5
HO CHI MINH CITY
3
SECTION C
3
1,5
1,5
11 1,5
1,5 11
1,5
6
SECTION A 2
BAC NINH
NINH
6
2
6
26
6
SECTION A 1
SECTION A
THAI NGUYEN
3
6
3
12
SECTION B
NINH
6
2
6
26
BAC NINH
2
6
6
26
2
6
6
26
SECTION A 1
6
SECTION B SECTION A 2 6
SECTION A
3
6
6
3
12
SECTION A 2
BAC NINH
SECTION B
1,5
THAI NGUYEN
3
6
3
SECTION B
1,5
3
12
3
SECTION B
SECTION C
6
2
6
26
3
12
3
SECTION B
SECTION C
2
6
6
26
6
2
6
6
26
6
6
SECTION A 1
SECTION A
1,5
1,5
3
3
1,5
6
SECTION A 2
BAC NINH
1,5
SECTION C
SECTION C
SECTION C
SECTION C 1,5
HO CHI MINH CITY 3
6
12
3
SECTION B
11
1,5
SECTION D
3
3
3
12
3
SECTION D
SECTION B
SSING THE CITY 15 km
3
30 km
HO CHI MINH CITY 1,5
1,5
1,5
11
1,5
11
SECTION D SECTION D
ROSSING THE CITY 15 km
30 km
1,5
HO CHI MINH CITY 1,5
3
11
1,5
1,5
6
SECTION D
SECTION C
SSING THE CITY 15 km
SECTION D
SECTION C
30 km
HO CHI MINH CITY
1,5
11
1,5
1,5
11
1,5
SECTION D
SECTION D
SSING THE CITY 15 km
30 km
TECHNICAL INDEX
PORT CONNECTIVITY One of the main goals of the new masterplan of Hanoi is to create an economically strong region that could compete with main industrial area in Vietnam – Ho Chi Minh city. Hanoi’s capital region can also be strengthened by making a stronger connection with Hai Phong, Vietnam’s largest sea port, and industrial city of Hai Duong, which is in the middle between these two cities.
KUMMING (CHINA) 6 430 000
KUMMING (CHINA) 6 430 000
NANNING (CHINA) 6 660 000
THAI NGUYEN 330 000
QINZHOU (CHINA) 3 500 000
HANOI
6 500 000
HANOI
6 500 000
Hai Phong 1 880 000
VIENTIANE (LAOS) 750 000
VIENTIANE (LAOS) 750 000
Number of industrial zones 21-40
Legenda: Existing railway
11-30
Proposed link
4-10 1-3
HO CHI MINH CITY 6 420 000
HO CHI MINH CITY 6 420 000
CAN THO 1 200 000
EXISTING CONNECTIONS AND POPULATION
EXISTING CONNECTIONS AND INDUSTRIAL LAND
10 km 50 km
10 km 50 km
150 km
300 km
CITIES IN RED RIVER DELTA HAI DUONG - BIGGEST INDUSTRIAL TOWN IN RRD
HAI PHONG - BIGGEST SEA PORT IN VIETNAM...
35 km
50 km +50 km
HAI DUONG
MASTERPLAN
150 km
300 km
VINH YEN PROVINCE
VINH YEN
SOC SON
HANOI AIRPORT HS
SON TAY
PHUC THO
HAI DUONG PROVINCE
HANOI
HANOI EAST AIRPORT IS
QUOC OAI
INFRASTRUCTURE MASTERPLAN OF RED RIVER DELTA
HANOI WEST HS
HOA LAC PHO NOI
HAI DUONG
CHUC SON
HAI PHONG
BORDERS HANOI REGION OTHER REGIONS
THANH OAI
RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE
HAI DUONG PROVINCE
HIGH SPEED LINE INTERCITY LINE METRO LINE
PHU XUYEN
HUNG YEN PROVINCE
TRAIN STOPS METRO STOPS
ROAD STRUCTURE MAIN HIGHWAYS ROADS OF SECONDARY IMPORTANCE
AREAS URBANISED AREA SMART TECH AGRICULTURE AREA HIGH PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURE AREA
PHU LY
OTHER
SOUTH CHINA SEA
HIGH SPEED TRAIN STATION HIGH SPEED TRAIN STATION IN AIRPORT
1 km
5 km
15 km
30 km
PRIMARY & SECONDARY ROAD NETWORK
HIGHWAY NETWORK
INDUSTRIAL AREAS
HAI PHONG
TECHNICAL INDEX
metropolitan
population
TRANSPORT
metropolitan
6 million
65 %
population
11
40 % urban
urban
million
source: Labbe, B. (2010) Facing the urban transition in Hanoi: recent urban planning issues and initiatives
with Ho Chi Minh City and China to the north. We are proposing high speed train stops in Hanoi in the central part of the city (Hub City) and at the new airport. We also proposing using the Randstad train system as a model for a new train network electric with intercity train lines connecting major cities and “sprinter” train lines to connect satellite cities with Hanoi. mass
m ob ilit y
air po llu by tra tion ffic
20 x 10
2013
fo ss 2050
1950
ty
GOAL 2050
i ric
l
Reduce air pollution by traffic & increas mobility
ct
e el
2013
Become less dependent on fossile fuels & produce more electricity
2050
9
7.5 7.5
10 10
bus
5 5bicyclebicycle private private car car 5
10 10
5
10 10
trolley bus trolley bus GOAL 20502050 walkingwalking GOAL
PROBLEMS: PROBLEMS:
CONGESTION CONGESTION & & walkingwalking AIR POLUTION AIR POLUTION
15 x 10
ELECTRIC ELECTRIC VEHICLES VEHICLES & RAPID & RAPID TRANSIT TRANSIT
6565 %%
37% 37% 3535 %% electricelectric transit transit scooterscooter
scooterscooter
TRANSIT
35%
9
metro
25%
9
5 x 10
15%
6 million6 million
metropolitan metropolitan
car
1111
40 %40 % urban
urban
1950
source: Labbe, source: B. (2010) Labbe, Facing B. (2010) the urban Facing transition the urban in transition in Hanoi: recentHanoi: urbanrecent planning urban issues planning and initiatives issues and initiatives
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1986
2010
Doi Moi
ENERGY PLANTS ENERGY PLANTS
Become Become less dependent less dependent on fossile onfuels fossile & fuels & produce produce more electricity more electricity
fo ss fo ile f ss ue ile l fu el
y
ilit
y
ob
ilit
Reduce air Reduce pollution air pollution by trafficby & traffic & increas mobility increas mobility
m
m
ob
air po llu by tra tion ffic air po llu by tra tion ffic
300
busses become CO2 Emission busses become electric electric (g/passenger-km)
scooter becomes scooter becomes affordable250 toaffordable the to the
massmass 200
20502050
150
19501950 20132013
20502050
train
% modal share x travelled km
% modal share x travelled km
10 x 10
9
tram
9 150 x 10 Pedestrian
Bike
Conventional
Tram
BRT
Motorcycle
Metro
TRANSIT TRANSIT
Motor car
9
35% 35% LRT
300
CO2 Emission (g/passenger-km)
Suitable distance for High Speed Rail: 250km-900km
Selection criterion. 1 Relation speed and distance Selection criterion. 2 CO2 Emission & Space consumption
250
Minimum distance for Intercity Rail: 50km
City boundary of Hanoi: 10km
metro
Suitable travel time for GOAL GOAL 20502050 Bike(5km): 15min
train tram
PROVIDE PROVIDE TRANSIT TRANSIT Pedestrian(1km): 12min 50 AS ANAS ALTERNATIVE AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THE FORSCOOTER THE SCOOTER
metro IR
0
HSR
Pedestrian
GOAL GOAL 20502050
Bike
Conventional Bus
MAKEMAKE ALL THE ALL THE1km 5km SCOOTERS SCOOTERS AND BUSSES AND BUSSES Metro station electric scooter electric scooter ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL ELECTRIC ELECTRIC 10 x 10
25% 25%
9
Hoan Kiem
electric bus electric bus
Tram
BRT
No extra space on the ground
Motorcycle
Metro
taxi
taxi
car
car
bicycle
bicycle
CARBON CARBON FUELFUEL
5 x 10
9
1km
bus
15% 15%
Metro station
19501950 M
1960 1970
1970 1980
1980 1990
1990 2000
19861986 Doi MoiDoi Moi
1km
2000 2010
2020 2030
20132013
20km
GOAL GOAL 20502050
2030 2040
50km
HSR
200km
Hai Doung
Hai Phong
Source: Urban transport in the developing world, 2011 / UK department of environment, 2011 / Asian development bank
GOAL GOAL 20502050
70min
HS
Metro is a important link to travel
2040
20502050
50km 2016 first 2016 metrofirst metro
10km
LRT
2010 2020
10km
Hoa Lac
REDUCE REDUCE CARBON CARBON FUEL FUEL EMISSION EMISSION BY BY AT LEAST AT LEAST 70% 70%
5km
1960
IR
LRT
Airport
MAKEMAKE PEOPLE PEOPLE AWARE AWARE MANMAN POWER POWER Imaginary Suitable distances THAT THAT WALKING WALKING AND AND travel 25% 25% pedestrians pedestriansBIKING from city ARE HEALTY ARE HEALTYcenter for transport BIKING
bus
Motor car
Under 100g/passenger-km of CO2 emission
Source: Urban transport in the developing world, 2011 / UK department of environment, 2011 / Asian development bank
scooter scooter 5 x 10
2016 law to prohibit new non electric scooters
Speed (km/h)
100
50
2050
150
9 9 20 x 10 100 20 x 10
9
2040
200
19501950 20132013
15 x 10
2030
pedestrians
GOAL 2050
MAKE PEOPLE AWARE THAT WALKING AND BIKING ARE HEALTY
2016 first metro
2050 2050 ty ityGOAL GOAL i c c tri ctri c e e el el
GOAL GOAL 2050 2050
2020
2013
a massive need a massive for newneed for new
first metro line first metro line Speed (km/h) is completedis completed
25%
urban urban
million million
introduction introduction of of elctric scooter elctric scooter
MAN POWER
bus
% % 65 65
population population
GOAL 2050
REDUCE CARBON FUEL EMISSION BY AT LEAST 70%
taxi
bicycle
population population
MAKE ALL THE SCOOTERS AND BUSSE ELECTRICAL
electric bus
CARBON FUEL
9
GOAL 2050
electric scooter
ELECTRIC 10 x 10
scooter
metropolitan metropolitan
PROVIDE TRANSIT AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THE SCOOTER
tram
% modal share x travelled km
10 10
GOAL 2050
train
3 taxi 3 taxi
private private car car bus
busses become
scooter becomes affordable to the
2050 2050 ? ?
5 taxi 5 taxi
ENERGY PLANTS
GOAL 2050
ile
first metro line is completed
1950
2013 2013
a massive need for new
introduction of elctric scooter
fu e
The purpose of the infrastructure masterplan is to set up the matrix of connections that would connect Hanoi and its satellite cities as well as other strong points in Red river delta. The distances between cities are ideal for rail travel. However the current train system is slow and insufficient. The way to improve it is to introduce high speed train connectionsplit as part modal modal splitof Chinese high speed train network expansion plans. The line would connect Hanoi
2016 law to 2016 prohibit law to new prohibit non electric new non scooters electric scooters
M
50km
IC
13min
20min
LRT
20min
35min
20min
45min
40min
IC 12min 200km
HS
1km
5km
Metro station
Hoan Kiem
MASTERPLAN
Metro station
10km
20km
50km
Airport
Hai Doung
Hoa Lac
100km
15min
200km
-5km Nanning
Hai Phong
-1km
10km
20km
Hoan Kiem
Metro station
Train station
Airport
35km
50km
Hoa Lac
Hai Doung
100km
350km
Hai Phong
Nanning
CHINESE HIGH SPEED NETWORK EXPANSION
KUMMING (CHINA)
HANOI (VIETNAM)
VIENTIANE (LAOS)
YANGON (BURMA)
BANGKOK (THAILAND)
Legenda: Existing railway
HO CHI MINH CITY (VIETNAM)
Missing link Spur link
PHNOM PENH (COMBODIA)
KUALA LUMPUR (MALAYSIA)
ASEAN HIGH SPEED TRAIN NETWORK 10 km 50 km
RED RIVER DELTA URBANIZED AREAS
150 km
300 km
HIGH SPEED LINE THAI NGUYEN
LANG SON
KUNG MING (CHINA)
HA LONG
HO CHI MINH CITY
INTERCITY
METRO VINH YEN PROVINCE
VINH YEN
SOC SON
HANOI AIRPORT HS
SON TAY
PHUC THO
HA PR
HANOI
HANOI EAST AIRPORT IS
QUOC OAI
HANOI WEST HS
HOA LAC PHO NOI
HAI DUO
CHUC SON
INTERCITY AND SPRINTER
THANH OAI
HAI DUO PROVIN
PHU XUYEN
HUNG YEN PROVINCE
PHU LY
TECHNICAL INDEX
ENERGY The 2030 master plan is a plan to accommodate growth. The population of Vietnam is rapidly expanding (up to 40% by 2050) and is placing an enormous pressure on the existing urban centers. Currently uncontrolled densification of the existing districts is taking an more and more extreme form. The consequence is that the existing infrastructure can not keep up with the pace of the population growth of the city. Services like power and (sewage) water treatment are now already inadequate, so imagine it in 10 to 20 years.
In the master plan the designers try to distribute this urban pressure over the existing city and new satellites. At the same time it proposes to keep parts of the urban area open to provide a more livable environment; an opportunity many Chinese cities forgot to take in the last decade. To connect the different cores and to give an alternative for the use of scooters a light rail system and metro system are proposed and partly under construction. New ring roads ease the traffic in the city core and support the new city districts and satellites.
HOWEVER, WITH DEEP POCkETS, CHINESE POLICY bANKS SUCH AS CHINA DEVELOPMENT BANk AND CHINA EXPORT-IMPORT BANk HAVE OFFERED BILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF CONCESSIONAL LOANS FOR NEW POWER STATIONS IN VIETNAM.
IN RETURN, LARGE CHINESE ENERGY GROUPS SUCH AS DONGFANG ELECTRIC, HARBIN POWER EQUIPMENT AND SHANGHAI ELECTRIC HAVE BEEN AWARDED LUCRATIVE CONTRACTS TO PROVIDE EQUIPMENT AND bUILD POWER STATIONS ACROSS VIETNAM.
A survey by the World Bank has found that Vietnam has wind energy potential capable of producing 513 000 MW annually, ten times the entire national capacity forecast for 2020
Solar potential is 96,000 MW http://en.openei.org/
90% of total biomass is used for household energy needs. (Ministry of Science and
Review of studies on Vietnam hydropower planning shows that total theoretical installation capacity is valued at about 34 000 MW.
Vietnam finds itself located on the world geothermal map, with its capacity expected to be up to 400MW
Technology of Vietnam)
50% of S.Korean’s imported biomass is from Vietnam. http://www.biomass-energy.org/
“Vietnam’s Nuclear Dreams Blossom Despite Doubts” NY Times
Hanoi Power Distribution Sources
AC & DC CURRENCY VISION Hanoi Energy
7535 MW Geothermal +Biomass 15% / 1130 MW
DC
Wind 10% / 750 MW
Solar 20% / 1500 MW
3082 MW 1855 MW
DC
Nuclear 15% / 1130 MW
DC
1130 MW
750 MW
1500 MW
1130 MW
3020 MW
3 Geothermal + 3 Biomass power stations of 200 MW
100 Wind Tourbines of 7,5 MW with a total swept area of 3,2 km²
10 km² of solar panels
A nuclear power plant that proposed in Ky Xuan in Central Vietnam 2 units x 1000 MW
Hydroplants 1.920 MW Hoa Binh + 2.400 MW Son La (in contruction)
AC AC 2011
MASTERPLAN
AC 2020
Hydro 40% / 3020 MW
AC 2030
2050
POTTENTIAL ENERGY RESOURCES 1 km 5 km
15 km
30 km
RENEWABLE RESOURCES Hydro
Major dams with a primary purpose of producing hydroelectric energy
Wind
Potential of wind energy in Vietnam (representing in hours of full power per year) >3000 per year with wind power more than 5 beaufort at the height of 65m
Solar
The most productive areas in terms of average annual soalr energy potential
Geothermal
Locations (geothermal springs and faults) judged as most favorable for geothermal energy production
Biomass
The most productive areas in terms of tons of potential biomass output, such as padi fields, forests, organic waste from farming
OTHER Nuclear
The locations of nuclear power plants planned to operate from 2020.
HOUSEHOLD
Storage
Efficiency Harvesting
COMPRESSED AIR
Wind
Solar
Biomass
RUN LIKE THE WIND FACADE HARVESTING
SCOOTERS ON BATTERY ALGAE PLANT AND WAREHOUSE
SMART DEVICES
Geothermal
HOME BIOMASS CROPS
Waste-to-energy
THERMAL INSULATION
Nuclear/Hydro
COGENERATION
Transportation Management
WIND FARMING TO RESIDENTIAL USE
NATURE ADOPTATION OF ENERGY
SOLAR AGRICULTURE
ENJOY SUN TO THE FULLEST
COMMUNITY MICRO GRID GREEN WORKING PLACES
SMART ADAPTING GROWING ENERGY DEMANDS
TAKE A BATH TOGETHER MATERIAL RECYCLING
FLYWHEELS
HAVE A NICE, NEW & CLEAR DAY
SEMICONDUCTORS - LED ETC.
RENEABLE FUELS BIODIESEL ETC.
SHOW THE ALTERNATIVE USE OF BIOMASS
URBAN POWER FURNITURE SHARE YOUR THERMAL FEELINGS
REUSE, REDUCE, RECYCLE
Environment
HEAT & COOL EXCHANGING
AUTOMATIC WASTE COLLECTING SYSTEM
ELECTRISED MOOD
SMART ENERGY CONTROL
WASTE YOURSELF TO LIFE
LOCAL SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
BIOREMEDIATION NEIGHBORHOOD FOOD WASTE COLLECTING
WATER IMPOUNDING
RAIL TO HOUSE
HARVESTING COEXISTENCE
CARBON SEQUESTRATION
FAST ENERGY DEMAND RESPONSE HYDRO TOURISM
FLUORESCENT LIGHT BULBS
TECHNICAL INDEX
Capacity [MW] 0 - 100 100 200 400 800 1600 - 3200 3200 +
Legend Hydro electric 2025 planned hydro electric plant Coal 2025 planned coal plant Natural gas plant 2025 planned natural gas plant Oil plant Nuclear plant Coal Mine Uong Bi area Coal Mine Hon Gai Coal Mine Cam Pha Natural gas field Oil field Existing 500 kV power line 2025 planned 500 kV power line Existing Gas/Oil pipeline 2025 planned Gas/Oil pipeline
0
50
100
150
200
250 km
POTTENTIAL RESOURCES: HYDRO EXISTING ELECTRICITY LINES PLANNED ELECTRICITY LINES EXISTING MAIN SUBSTATIONS PLANNED MAIN SUBSTATIONS
CURRENT AND PLANNED ENERGY GRID 1 km 5 km
15 km
E.P.: 120 MW
30 km
E.P.: 250 MW
E.P.: 750 MW
POP: 76 000 E.D.: 52 MW
E.P.: 300 MW POP: 280 000 E.D.: 192 MW
POP: 150 000 E.D.: 103 MW
POP: 220 000 E.D.: 150 MW
E.P.: 200 MW
E.P.: 750 MW POP: 254 000 E.D.: 174 MW
POP: 720 000 E.D.: 515 MW
E.P.: 150 MW E.P.: 200 MW E.P.: 150 MW E.P.: 1920 MW
POP: 275 000 E.D.: 190 MW
POP: 850 000 E.D.: 582 MW
E.P.: 200 MW POTTENTIAL RESOURCES HYDRO WIND SOLAR GEOTHERMAL BIOMASS PROPOSED LINKS CITIES
POP: 120 000 E.D.: 82 MW POP: 82 000 E.D.: 56 MW
E.P.: 500 MW
NEW ENERGY GRID 1 km 5 km
E.P.: 1000 MW
15 km
30 km
TECHNICAL INDEX
AGRICULTURAL LAND USE
Without proper flood control, large swathes of agricultural land are prone to flooding in rainy seasons.
HANOI
HAI PHONG
1 km
5 km
15 km
ąčą30
Masterplan boundary Main higways - agricultural goods distribution lines Current urbanised areas Traditional agriculture area Traditional agriculture area
MASTERPLAN
WATER MANAGEMENT
LEGENDA: WATERS
WATERS AND GREEN AREAS 1 km 5 km
15 km
30 km
Hanoi is located in the Red River Delta, which flows into the South China Sea.
LEGENDA: FLOOD AREAS IN 2008 WATERS EXISTING DIKES
EXISTING DYKE SYSTEM 1 km 5 km
15 km
30 km
The existing dyke system protects agricultural land from flooding, but is not adequate to the task.
LEGENDA: RIVER FLOOD AREA NEW LAKES EXISTING DIKES
WATER RESOURCE PLAN 1 km 5 km
15 km
30 km
Wider rivers to absorb increased rainfall and inflow from upstream.
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