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K N I H T E
CONTENTS
01|Current lighting conditions 02|Current solar radiation conditions 03|Current thermal comfort conditions 04|Current shadow conditions 05|Design iteration I 06|Design iteration II 07|Design iteration III 08|Final design - winter lighting conditions 09|Final design - summer lighting conditions 10|Final design - thermal comfort conditions 11|Final design - lighting analysis 12|Final design - radiation analysis 13|Final design - thermal comfort analysis 14|Final design - shading analysis 15|Final design - louvre system Renders
Lux
summer 1200+ 1080
960
840
720
600
480
360
240
120
0
winter
Studio F 2.27
Dandenong Road
01
RETHINK | Current lighting conditions Analysis of current lighting conditions indicates insufficient illumination on the south end of the studio space to perform drafting related tasks. This is contrasted by the overly-intense and undesirable illumination levels towards the glazed facades. As a result of this, blinds are often needed to control illumination levels in the space, as well as excessive artificial lighting. Therefore, the proposed design will seek to improve overall sustainability of the space in terms of illumination by reducing the need for artificial lighting and by utilising the available natural light to more evenly and desirably illuminate the studio.
Total Diffuse Radiation
kW/h 300+ 280 270 240 210 180 150 120 90
30
0
Total Direct Radiation
Total Radiation
02
RETHINK | Current solar radiation conditions Annual solar radiation analysis shows that there is an excessive amount of solar radiation entering the studio space, predominantly during the summer. This direct contact with the spaces concrete floor slab results in a substantial amount of heat gain. Therefore in order to better regulate internal temperatures, a method for reducing solar radiation during summer months and maximising it during the winter months should be implemented. The proposed aim is to average 150 kW per daylight hours each year.
Summer Solstice
Winter Solstice
C 30+
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
20
10
0
Mean Radiant Temperature
Winter Solstice 21st June 2010
Percent dissatisfied 100+
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
Discomfort levels
03
RETHINK | Current thermal comfort conditions Considering that the comfort levels for the 30 occupants undertaking sedentary activity lies between 18 - 26 degrees Celsius, the space comes very close to achieving a desirable level of satisfaction. Therefore the proposed modifications to the studio space will seek to further reduce temperature fluctuations of +/- 2 degrees Celsius in order to fall in the occupants thermal comfort zone and reduce percent dissatisfaction to a maximum of 20% at either the winter or summer solstice.
Summer Solstice
Winter Solstice
04
RETHINK | Current shadow conditions The butterfly diagrams above cover the hourly intervals between 9:00am to 5:00pm at their given times.
01
Light shelf
03
summer
Air flow window
Direct winter Diffuse
Studio F 2.27 direct sunlight
02
Louvres and Blinds
04 FOOTPATH
05
RETHINK | Design iteration I
Internal/ In between shading
Louvre system working in the summer
Louvre system working in the winter
Light reflected onto ceiling to reduce need for artificial lighting
Sealed to retain warm air
Rolls down for extension Louvre system falls horizontally to allow low winter sun through
Hot Air ventilated to be released Matching width to double glazed windows
Sun light restricted minimally
Reduced intensity near windows
06
RETHINK | Design iteration II
Closed louvre system
Opened louvre system
Angle to ground: 7 5 . 7 ° Summer Solstice
N
summer Grated solar panel
Lowered ceiling installed with harvested storm water pipes to cool the heat risen from the room
Using gravity to feed water through to toilets for flushing use
10°
20°
30° 40° 50° 60°
Operable louvre to release heat
70° 8 01°2
Reflecting mirror
Aerogel insulation regulates internal temperatures
Eliminated harsh direct sunlight Cooled floor slab using water pipe system
Angle to ground: 2 8 . 7 ° N
Operable louvre allows natural ventilation
Heated storm water regulates temperature
10°
Cantilevering Solar panel prevents rain from entering room
20°
Winter solstice
30° 40° 50° 60°
winter
Low ceilings provide good reflective surface for diffused light
70° 80°
Sunlight reaching deeply into space
Low sun reflected off convex mirror is calibrated to reach deep into studio spaces Heated floor slab carries storm water to lower level
07
RETHINK | Design iteration III
08
RETHINK | Final design - winter lighting conditions During winter months the louvres are angled to distribute reflected sunlight onto the now flat, white ceiling in order to allow light to diffuse and penetrate deeper into the studio space. At the same time, the louvres are angled in such a way as to reflect light onto the ceiling without creating glare and discomfort for the occupants. Since light is allowed into the space during cooler months, this also gives concrete slabs the opportunity to absorb radiation to heat up the space and increase thermal comfort, reducing the need for the solar heating systems.
Water Piping Cooling System in Summer
Water Heating System in Winter
10
RETHINK | Final design - thermal comfort systems Rain water collected on the roof of building F, stored in tanks and when needed it is cooled and channelled through pipes in the ceiling via gravity to cool the space during warmer months. Once water has passed through the piping system it continues to the lavatories where it can be reused for flushing toilets. During colder winter months, the same process takes place, however rain water is solar heated rather than cooled, this in turn is used to comfortably warm the space. The rotating solar panels additionally allow fresh air to circulate the studio space which is especially important during summer months as the space is noted as being “stuffy�. This also can be kept closed during winter to retain heat.
Harvested energy used to power diffuse LED lights
09
RETHINK | Final design - summer lighting conditions Individually angled louvres diffuse the harsh summer sun during summer months to create a more evenly distributed and comfortable level of illumination in the space. Since there is a decrease in lighting levels as a result of the louvres, artificial LED lighting is used to illuminate the space, powered by the solar energy harvested from the solar panels. Since there is minimal direct radiation during summer months, the space will remain much cooler without the use of the solar powered cooling systems.
Lux 1200+ 1080
11
960
840
720
600
480
360
240
120
0
RETHINK | Final design - lighting analysis As the lighting analysis indicates, the studio space now has a very balanced lighting that falls within the desired intensity range for drafting and architecture related activities. The design therefore proves successful in terms of the intended quality of illumination.
Total Diffuse Radiation
kW/h
Total Direct Radiation
300+ 280 270 240 210 180 150 120 90
30
0
Total Radiation
12
RETHINK | Final design - Radiation analysis Annual radiation analysis reveals that the louvres minimise direct radiation whilst simultaneously increasing diffuse radiation throughout the space. As a result, heat is more evenly distributed and the areas surrounding windows are much more inhabitable than before the louvre system was in place. Once again the design is successful in terms of achieving the desirable level of radiation of 150 to 180kW per hour.
Summer Solstice
Winter Solstice
o
Mean Radiant Temperature
30+
28
26
24
22
C
20
18
16
14
12
10
20
10
0
% Dissatisfaction 100+
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
Discomfort levels
13
RETHINK | Final design - thermal comfort analysis Thermal analysis proves the design to be highly successful as the mean radiant temperature and therefore the percentage dissatisfaction falls withing the desired range of figures. These analysis took into account that 30 occupants are undergoing sedentary activities in a mixed mode ventilation enviroment to account for the water cooling systems, as well as the natural ventilation of the space.
Summer Solstice
Winter Solstice
14
RETHINK | Final design - shading analysis As the shadow butterfly diagrams indicate, direct sunlight entering the studios is minimised during summer and increased during the winter, reaching the deep into the space.
Opened
15
Closed, Opened, Opened
Opened, Closed, Opened
RETHINK | Final design - louvre system Since the horizontal blinds on the internal window face were removed, an alternate means of blocking light entirely from the individual studio spaces had to be considered. The solution was to use a fabric louvre system that could twist and control illumination levels in any or all the studio spaces. It is powered by the energy derived from the installed solar panels. The louvre material consists of a smooth, flexible fabric that is highly reflective on the top surface to bounce direct winter sunlight into the space and glossy white underneath to diffuse the summer sunlight before it enters the space.