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d`f’k,oaIk’kqikyuHkkjrh;vFkZO;oLFkkdkvk/kkjgSALojksxkjl`tudjusrFkkvk;esao`f)dhn`f’Vls Ms;jhm|ksxxzkeh.k,oa“kgjh{ks=ksaesa,degRoiw.kZvkfFkZdfØ;kgSAHkkjresaMs;jhm|ksxvaxzstksads’kkludkyesa izkjEHkgqvkfdUrqnqX/klgdkfjrkdhLFkkiukdsIk’pkr~;gk¡,dubZØkafrdkizknqHkkZogqvkAjktLFkkuesavewy iSVuZdhrt+Zij^^jktLFkkudks&vkWifVoMs;jhQsMjs’ku^^dhns[kjs[kesanqX/kladyu,oafoi.kudkdk;Zizxfr ijgSA
jktLFkkudsgkM+kSrhizns’kesaMs;jhm|ksxdsfodkldsle{kdbZpqukSfr;k¡vuqHkodhxbZgSAftuesa xzkeh.k,oa“kgjh{ks=dsIk’kqikydksadksnqX/kmRiknu,oafoi.kuesadfBukbZrFkknqX/klgdkjhla?kksa,oafuth O;kikfj;ksadksnw/kladyu,oafoØ;esavkjghpqukSfr;k¡izeq[kgSaA
v/;;u{ks=esavuqHkwrpqukSfr;ksadslUnHkZesaleqfprlek/kkufofHkUuLrjksaijokafNrgSA;|fibl{ks= esaljdkjolgdkfjrkLrjIkjiz;klfd,x;sgSarFkkfiMs;jhm|ksxdks,dvk/kqfudrduhfd;qDroleqUur cukusdsfy,dbZBksliz;klfd;stkusdhegrhvko”;drkgSA izeq[k ’kCn % Ms;jhm|ksx]vkuUnekWMy]vkWijs’ku ¶yM+ vkjlhMh,Q] nq/kk: Ik’kq]lgdkfjrk]pjkxkgHkwfe,oa foi.kuA
Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com
izLrkouk d`f’k izkphu dky ls Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk eq[; vk/kkj jgk gSA d`f’k dk;Z ls tqM+k ,d egRoiw.kZ igy i’kqikyu ,oa Ms;jh m|ksx gSA Lojkstxkj l`tu djus rFkk vk; esa o`f+) dh n`f’V ls d`f’k o i’kqikyu ds O;kikj {ks= esa Ms;jh m|ksx dk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgk gSA vkjfEHkd le; esa Ms;jh dk fodkl dsoy ?kjsyw vko’k;drkvksa dh iwfrZ gsrq gh gqvk fdUrq dkykUrj esa Ms;jh mRiknksa dh ekax ,oa tula[;k dh o`f) ls ;g orZeku eas ,d egRoiw.kZ vkfFkZd miknu cu pqdk gSA
Hkkjr eas Ms;jh m|ksx fczfV’k ’kklu dky esa 1834 es ckWEcs ¼fiatjkikWy½ o 1889 eas bykgkckn fefyVªh Ms;jh QkWeZ ds :Ik esa ’kq: gqvkA ns’k esa Lora=rk vkanksyu ds le; ljnkj oYyHk HkkbZ iVsy
MkW cqf)izdk’k (Pg. 13432 13443) 13433
o eksjkjth nslkbZ tSls usrkvksa dh izsj.kk ls fcpkSfy;ksa ls eqfDr ikus o Ms;jh O;olk; dh iwjh J`a[kyk ij fu;U=.k ikus ds mn~ns’; ls lgdkjh la?kksa dk izknHkkZo gqvkA o`gn iSekus ij nqX/k lgdkfjrk dh LFkkiuk 1948 esa xqtjkr ds [ksM+k ftys esa dh xbZA bl nqX/k lgdkfjrk }kjk vk;ksftr Ms;jh m|ksx ls Ms;jh fodkl dh ,d ubZ “kSyh dk tUe gqvk tks ^vkuUn ekWMy^ ¼vewy isVuZ½ ds uke ls izfl) gqbZA Lkgdkfjrk ds vk/kkj ij Hkkjr es Ms;jh fodkl ds fy, 1965 esa ^jk’Vªh; Ms;jh fodkl cksMZ^ ¼NDDB½ dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA nqX/k mRiknu c<+kus o lgdkjh la?kks dks Ik;kZIr nqX/k vkiwfrZ ds fy, 1964&65 esa l?ku i’kq fodkl dk;ZØe ¼ICDP½ pyk;k x;kA 1970 eas jk’Vªh; Ms;jh fodkl cksMZ }kjk ,d izkstsDV rS;kj fd;k x;k ftls ^vkWijs’ku ¶YkM^ uke fn;k x;kA vkWijs’ku ¶yM ds fØ;kUo;u ds QyLo:Ik nqX/k lgdkjh la?kksa us Hkkjr es “osr ØkfUr ds lkFk lkekftd o vkfFkZd ØkfUr dks tUe fn;k rFkk djksM+ksa ns’kokfl;ksa ds thou&Lrj esa cnyko dj fn;kA
jktLFkku esa leqfpr :Ik ls Ms;jh m|ksx dk izkjEHk 1967 esa t;iqj Ms;jh la;a= dh LFkkiuk ds lkFk gqvkA jkT; esa Ms;jh fodkl dks xfr nsus ds fy, 1973 esa ^Ms;jh foHkkx^ rFkk 1975 esa ^Ms;jh fodkl fuxe^ dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA jktLFkku esa Ms;jh fodkl lEcU/kh leLr dk;ZØe ^jktLFkku Ms;jh dkWijsfVo QsMjs’ku^ ¼RCDF½ }kjk lapkfyr fd;s tk jgs gSA
jktLFkku ds gkM+kSrh {ks= esa lgdkfjrk ds vk/kkj ij Ms;jh fodkl 18 ebZ 1973 dks izkjEHk gqvk tc dksVk “kgj esa vewy i)fr ds vk/kkj ij ^dksVk ftyk nqX/k mRiknd lgdkjh la?k^ dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA la?k }kjk 22 twu 1973 ls xkWoksa ls nqX/k laxzg.k dk dk;Z izkjEHk fd;k x;kA Ms;jh fodkl dk nwljk pj.k gkM+kSrh esa vizsy 1984 es ^^dksVk Ms;jh la;=** dh dksVk “kgj esa LFkkiuk ls izkjEHk gqvkA bl la;a= dh Hkjko@laxzg.k {kerk 25 gtkj yhVj izfrfnu Fkh tks ek¡x esa fujUrj o`f) ls orZeku esa 15 yk[k yhVj izfrfnu gks xbZ gSA mís’; bl ’kks/k dk mís’; v/;;u {ks= es fofHkUu Lrjksa ij Ms;jh m|ksx dh pqukSfr;ksa dks igpku dj mudk mi;qDr lek/kku izzzLrqr djuk gSA fof/kra= izzLrqr v/;;u es O;fDrxr Ik;Zos{k.k lk{kkRdkj] iz’ukoyh }kjk rFkk dk;kZy; dksVk&cwUnh ftyk nqX/k mRiknd lgdkjh la?k] dksVk izfrosnu] ftyk :ijs[kk o i’kqikyu foHkkx dksVk ls vk¡dMksa o lwpukvksa ds lxzg.k mijkar muds fo’ys’k.k gsrq lkj.khdju djds vkjs[khdj.k fd;k x;k gSA lwpukvksa dks /kjkryh; lUnHkZ esa iqf’V djus gsrq O;fDrxr :i ls oLrq fLFkfr ds Nk;kfp=ksa dks lekfgr fd;k x;k gSA
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English LanguageMkW cqf)izdk’k (Pg. 13432 13443) 13434
’kks/k lkfgR; dh leh{kk Ms;jh v/;;u dk vkjEHk okWu F;wusu ¼1826½ ds Hkwfe mi;ksx vofLFkfr fl)kUr ls izkjEHk gqvkA orZeku le; esa Ms;jh m|ksx fo’k; ij LFkkuh; Lrj ls ysdj vUrjkZ’Vªh; Lrj rd fofHkUu laxBuksa }kjk v/;;u] fo’ys’k.k rFkk vuqla/kku fd, tk jgs gSaA oh,lO;kl o ds,e pkS/kjh ¼1970½ us d`f’k vkfFkZd ’kks/k esa esglkuk ds Ms;jh O;olk; ds vkfFkZd Lo:i dks Li’V fd;k gSA ekuey tSu ¼1981½ us ’kks/k xzUFk esa jktLFkku esa lgdkfjrk ds {ks= esa nqX/k o Ms;jh mRiknksa ds mRiknu dk v/;;u rFkk bldh leL;kvksa dh vksj /;ku vkd`’V fd;kA dqfj;u oxhZt++ ¼1984½ us nq/kk# Ik’kqvksa ds fy, o’kZ Hkj ikSf’Vd o gjs pkjs dh vkiwfrZ o nqX/k mRiknu ij vuqla/kku fd;kA ,eds[k.Msyoky ¼1989½ us jktLFkku esa Ms;jh fodkl dk v/;;u xzkeh.k uxjh; lalk/kuksa ds fodkl ds lUnHkZ esa fd;k gSA ,e flag ¼2002½ us vius “kks/k esa jktLFkku es Ms;jh Ik’kqvksa dh orZeku fLFkfr ,oa Hkfo’; dk fo’ys’k.k izLrqr fd;k gSA Mh ds ’kekZ vkSj ,l ;kno ¼2021½ us cwUnh ftys esa Ms;jh fodkl ds }kjk lkekftd&vkfFkZd #ikUrj.k ij ’kks/k dk;Z fd;k gSA v/;;u {ks= jktLFkku dk nf{k.kh&iwohZ {ks= ,d fof’k’V HkkSxksfyd bdkbZ gS] ftls gkMkSrh {ks= ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA blds vUrxZr ckjk] cwUnh] >kykokM+ o dksVk ftyks dks “kkfey fd;k x;k gSA gkM+kSrh {ks= 23051^ mŸkjh v{kka’k ls 25051^ mŸkjh v{kka’k rFkk 75015^ iwohZ ns’kkUrj ls 77025^ iwohZ ns’kkUrj ds e/; vofLFkr gSA bl {ks= dh mÙkj&iwoZ] iwoZ] nf{k.k ,oa nf{k.k&if’pe lhekvksa ij fLFkr Øe’k% ihiYnk] ekaxjksy] fd’kuxat] ’kkgckn] NcM+k] NhikcM+kSn] euksgj Fkkuk] vdysjk] >kyjkikVu] fiM+kok xax/kkj] ipigkM o jkexteaMh rglhyksa dh lhek e/; izns’k ls feyrh gSA mŸkj esa fLFkr ihiYnk o bUnzx<+ rglhysa jkT; ds lokbZek/kksiqj ftys dh lhek ls] uSuok rglhy Vksad ftys ls] fg.Mksyh rglhy HkhyokM+k ftys dh lhek ls feyrh gSA if’pe dh vksj cwUnh o ykM+iqjk rglhyksa dh lhek fpŸkkSMx<+ ftys dh lhek ls feyrh gSA ;g lEiw.kZ {ks= 2420400 oxZ fdyksehVj {ks= esa foLr`r gSA gkM+kSrh dh dqy tula[;k ¼tux.kuk 2011 ds vuqlkj½ 5695804 gSA ftlesa xzkeh.k tula[;k 3812994 o ’kgjh tula[;k 1882810 gSA ;gk¡ dh dqy Ik’kq/ku la[;k 343 fefy;u gSA ftlesa ls n/kk: Ik’kqvk dh la[;k yxHkx 23 fefy;u gS tks fd jktLFkku ds nq/kk: Ik’kq/ku dk 8-3 izfr’kr gSA
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English LanguageMkW cqf)izdk’k (Pg. 13432 13443) 13435
Ms;jh m|ksx dh pqukSfr;k¡ dksVk&cwUnh nqX/k mRiknu lgdkjh la?k fyfeVsM+] dksVk esa orZeku esa dqy 707 izkFkfed nqX/k mRiknu lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ iathd`r gSA bu iathd`r lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds vykok 130 izLrkfor nqX/k mRiknu lEcU/kh lfefr;k¡ dk;Zjr gSaA xzkeh.k nqX/k mRiknu lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dk vkuUn i)fr ij xBu djkds nqX/k ladfyr fd;k tkrk gSA xr o’kZ esa la?k }kjk vkSlru 91832 yhVj nw/k izfrfnu ladfyr dj 1405 foi.ku dsUnzksa ij vkSlru 65400 yhVj izfrfnu dh fcØh dh xbZ gSA >kykokM+&ckjka ftyk nqX/k mRiknu lgdkjh la?k fyfeVsM+] >kykokM+ o’kZ 2007 ls {ks= esa nqX/k mRikndksa ds lokZaxh.k fodkl gsrq iz;Ru’khy gSA orZeku esa laLFkk }kjk dqy 95 dk;Z”khy iathd`r ,oa 74 izLrkfor nqX/k lfefr;ksa dh efgyk lnL;ksa lfgr yxHkx 5000 Ik’kq ikyd lnL;ksa ls vkSlru 20 gtkj yhVj nqX/k izfrfnu ladfyr fd;k tk jgk gSA ckjka ftys esa Ms;jh izkslsflax IykaV ugha gksus ls >kykokM+ Ms;jh ij n/k Hkstk tkrk gSA ;gk¡ Ms;jh m|ksx O;kid Lrj ij o`gn O;olk; dk fu.kZ; ugha ys ik;s tkus dh dbZ pqukSfr;k¡ gSA
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
cqf)izdk’
(Pg. 13432 13443)
,oa futh {ks= esa Ms;jh m|ksx ds fodkl dh izcy laHkkouk gSA D;ksafd ;gk¡ HkkSxksfyd
ds gkM+kSrh
vuqdwy gksus ds lkFk gh foLr`r cktkj ¼ek¡x {ks=½ miyC/k gS] fdUrq ;gk¡ bldh izxfr ,oa orZeku izfr:Ik ds le{k dbZ pqukSfr;k¡ gSa] ftudks igpkuuk vkSj mudk lek/kku [kkstuk vR;ko”;d gSA v/;;u {ks= dh Ms;jh m|kssx dh pqukSfr;ksa dks fpfUgr dj fofHkUu Lrjksa ij HkkSxksfyd fo’ys’k.k fd;k x;k gSA gkM+kSrh {ks= esa fuEu Lrjksa ij Ms;jh m|ksx dh pqukSfr;k dks igpkuk x;k gS&
1 xzkeh.k Lrj ij Ik’kqikydksa dh pqukSfr;k¡
2 ’kgjh {ks= esa i’kqikydksa dh pqukSfr;k¡
3 Lkgdkfjrk ds {ks= esa Ms;jh m|ksx dh pqukSfr;k¡
4 futh&{ks= esa Ms;jh O;olk; ls tqM+s O;kikfj;ksa dh pqukSfr;k¡
5 xzkeh.k ,oa ’kgjh {ks=ksa dh efgykvksa ds Lrj ij pqukSfr;k¡
6 xzkeh.k ,oa ’kgjh miHkksDrkvksa ds Lrj ij pqukSfr;k¡
1 xzkeh.k Lrj ij Ik’kqikydksa dh pqukSfr;k¡ ¼d½ pjkxkg Hkfe dh deh ikyrw Ik’kqvksa ds Lora= :Ik ls pjus ds fy, izR;sd xzke&{ks= esa pjkxkg Hkwfe vkoafVr gksrh gS ijUrq lS)kfUrd :Ik ls ;g dsoy vc ljdkjh nLrkostksa esa gh fleV dj jg x;k gSA bl Hkwfe ij okLro esa vfrØe.kksa dh Hkjekj gSA Ik’kqvksa dks pjkus ds fy, vc dksbZ txg ugha cp ik;h gSA rkfydk
: pjkxkg Hkwfe ds {ks=Qy@fLFkfr esa vkbZ deh ds lUnHkZ esa izkIRk mŸkjksa dk fo’ys’k.k
lUnHkZ esa
mŸkjksa dk fo’ys’k.k
MkW cqf)izdk’k (Pg. 13432 13443) 13437
izkFkfed Lkzksr ls izkIr ledksa ls Kkr gksrk gS fd pjkxkg Hkwfe esa yxkrkj deh vkrh tk jgh gSA ftlesa HkwekfQ;k }kjk vfrØe.k rFkk ljdkj }kjk vfu;ksftr #i ls Hkw&:ikUrj.k fd;k tkuk ik;k x;k gSA ckjka ftys ls izkIr vkadM+ksa ls Li’V gS fd ;gk¡ 96 izfr’kr mÙkjnkrk bl rF; ls lger gS fd pjkxkg Hkwfe esa deh gks jgh gSA cwUnh o >kykokM+ esa Øe’k% 88 o 84 izfr’kr lnL;ksa us Lohdkj fd;k fd {ks= esa Ik’kqvksa ds fy, pjkxkg {ks= yxkrkj ?kVrs tk jgs gSA dksVk ftys esa lgefr dk izfr’kr 76 Ikk;k x;k gSA ¼[k½ Ik’kqikyu esa oSKkfud rjhdksa dk vHkko xzkeh.k {ks= esa vkt Hkh ijEijkxr <ax ls Ik’kqikyu fd;k tk jgk gS tks fd vukfFkZd gSA oSKkfud <ax ls fd;k tkus okyk Ik’kqikyu ykHknk;d gks ldrk gSA gkM+kSrh xzkeh.k vapy esa nslh uLy okys Ik’kqvksa dks izkFkfedrk nh tkrh gSA budh nqX/k mRiknd {kerk Hkh de gksrh gSA ladj uLy ds Ik’kqvksa dks ikyus esa orZeku oSKkfud ;qx esa Hkh dbZ Hkzkafr;k¡ gSA ijEijkxr <+ax ls fd;s tkus okys Ik’kqikyu esa lHkh Ik’kqvksa dk ,d lkFk cka/kk tkrk gS] ,d gh izdkj dk pkjk Mkyk tkrk gS] vLoPN Ik;kZokl esa fdlh ,d Ik’kq ds chekj gksus ij lHkh Ik’kq chekj gks tkrs gSaA orZeku esa yEih jksx ds izlkj dk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh jgk gSA oSKkfud rjhds ugha viukus dk ,d cM+k dkj.k Ik”kqikyuksa dh fu/kZurk Hkh gSA >kykokM+ ftys ds vdysjk] euksgjFkkuk rFkk cwUnh ftys dh uSuoka rglhy ds xzkeh.k {ks= esa Ik’kqikydksa ds fy, Ms;jh mRikn dsoy vkthfodk dk fuoZgu ek= gSA os dsoy ?kjsyww vko’;drkvksa dh iwfrZ gh dj ikrs gSaaA ckjka ftys dh vark o ekaxjksy rglhy esa Ik’kqvksa dh mUur fdLe esa yxkrkj fxjkoV vk jgh gSA 2 uxjh; {ks= esa Ik’kqikydksa dh pqukSfr;k¡ ¼d½ pkjk Hk.Mkj.k dh dfBukbZ ckjka] cwUnh] >kykokM+ o dksVk ftyk eq[;ky; ;k nw/k o bld mi&mRikn dh ekax vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k ;gk¡ Ik’kqikyd ukyksa@m|kuksa o dPph cLrh ds fudV vLFkkbZ vkokl cuk ysrs gSa vkSj ogha Ik’kqikyu dk;Z djrs gSaA bu LFkkuksa ij Ik’kqvkgkj ¼Hkwlk½ ds laxzg.k dh cM+h dfBukbZ jgrh gSA O;kogkfjd :Ik ls ;g Hkh ik;k x;k fd Ik’kqikyd vius Ik’kqvksa ds fy, iwjs o’kZ ds mi;ksx fufeŸk Hkwlk@pkjk ugh [kjhn ldrs] vkfFkZd fLFkfr detksj gksus ls os nSfud] lkIrkfgd ;k ekfld Ik’kqvkgkj gh laxzg@Ø; dj ikrs gA ¼[k½ Ik’kqvksa ls izkIRk vif’k’V inkFkZ ¼xkscj@ew=½ dk mfpr nj ij foi.ku ugh gksuk “kgjh {ks= esa thou “kSyh ds vuqlkj vis{kk—r vf/kd vk; ds L=ksr dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA Ik’kqikydksa dks ifjokj ds vfrfjDr Ik’kqvksa dk Hkh ikyu djuk gksrk gSA lkjs Ik’kq ,d le; esa nq/kk: ugh gksrs gSa tcfd gj Ik’kq ij vkgkj dh n`f’V ls leku [kpkZ gksrk gSA ,d rjg ls tks Ik’kq nw/k ugh ns jgs gSa] os i’kqikyd ij Hkkj Lo:i gks tkrs gSaA
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
MkW cqf)izdk’
(Pg. 13432 13443)
mfpr
’kqvksa
vif’k’V ¼xkscj@ew=½ dk foi.ku gks tk, rks Ik’kqikydksa dk vkfFkZd Hkkj de gks ldrk gS ijUrq orZeku esa ,slh O;oLFkk dk vHkko ik;k x;k gSA v/;;u {ks= ds ckjka] cwUnh] >kykokM+ dks NksM+dj dsoy dksVk esa nsoukjk;.k ;kstuk ds vUrxZr gh xkscj Ø;@foØ; dh ubZ “kq#vkr dh xbZ gSA
’
izkIr xkscj dk mi;ksx
:Ik
dqy
“kgj
’ukoyh}kjk,df=rA
Li’V gS fd >kykokM+ o ckjka ftys ds Ik’kqikyu dqy xkscj mRikn dk 80 izfr’kr Hkkx [kkn :Ik esa foØ; djrs gaS rFkk bZa/ku ¼miys½ esa 20 izfr’kr mRikn dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA cwUnh ftys esa [kkn :Ik esa yxHkx 84 izfr’kr foØ; djrs gq,] 16 izfr’kr xkscj dk bZa/ku ds :Ik esa iz;qDr djrs gSaA ijUrq dksVk ftys esa nsoukjk;.k ;kstukUrxZr vkoklh Ik’kqikyd vius xkscj mRikn dk 100 izfr’kr Hkkx xkscj xSl IykaV gsrq foØ; dj jgs gSa] “ks’k “kgj esa vkoklh Ik’kqikyu vius xkscj dk 90 izfr’kr Hkkx [kkn :Ik esa foØ; rFkk 10 izfr’kr xkscj dk mi;ksx bZa/ku :Ik esa dj jgs gSaA
rkfydk
Ik’kqikyd Ik’kqvksa ds ew= dk dksbZ mi;ksx orZeku esa ugha dj ik jgs gSaA
?kjsyw bZa/ku
:Ik esa foØ; [kkn :Ik esa foØ; dqy mŸkjnkrk
vkjs[k & 02:Ik’kqvksa ls izkIr xkscj dk mi;ksx
MkW cqf)izdk’k (Pg. 13432 13443) 13439
¼x½ nqX/k mRiknu o foi.ku esa ekSleh ifjorZu nqX/k mRiknu esa rkieku dk cgqr izHkko iM+rk gSA xehZ ds ekSle esa nqX/k dk mRiknu de gks tkrk gSA gkM+kSrh {ks= esa ebZ&twu esa Ik’kqvksa dh nw/k nsus dh {kerk esa deh vku ds dkj.k cM+s “kgjksa esa nw/k dh ?kjsyw ekax dks gh iwjk djuk eqf’dy gksrk gSA nqX/k foi.ku dh n`f’V ls dksVk “kgj dk fo’ks’k LFkku gSA ;gk¡ dksfpax dk fo’oLrjh; dsUnz gSA Nk= esfMdy vkSj bathfu;fjax dh i<+kbZ@rS;kjh ds fy, iwjs o’kZ ;gk¡ jgrs gS] ;|fi vkaf’kd vkokxeu pyrk jgrk gS fQj Hkh vuqekur% 2 ls 225 yk[k fo|kFkhZ ;gk¡ vkrs gSaA ;g la[;k ;gk¡ ds ewy fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vfrfjDr gS vFkkZr~ ewy tula[;k esa 2 ls 2 25 yk[k dh o`f) gksrh gSA ;g la[;k izfro’kZ 10 izfr”kr dh nj ls fuf’pr :Ik ls c<s+xhA blh vuqikr esa nqX/k o mRiknksa dh ekax Hkh c<+rh gSA blds foi.ku esa dfBukbZ vkuk LokHkkfod gSA ;gk¡ ekSleh ifjorZu tyok;q ls ugha] vfirq Nk=ksa ds v/;;u ds le;kUrjky ls gSA ekax esa o`f) dh vkiwfrZ pqukSrh cudj feykoV dks izksRlkgu nsrh gSA
U;wure 280 xzke izfr O;fDr Hkh nw/k dk mi;ksx ekus rks ;g 63000 yhVj nw/k izfrfnu dh ekax gksxh] tks dksVk “kgj dh ekax ds vfrfjDr gSA ;g vius vki esa cM+h pqukSrh gSA
3 lgdkfjrk ds {ks= eas Ms;jh m|ksx dh pqukSfr;k¡ lgdkjh laxBu esa fofHkUu {ks= o fofHkUu izdkj ds fopkjksa ds yksxksa dh lk>snkjh gksrh gSA buesa dbZ Lrjksa ij pqukSfr;k¡ gksuk LokHkkfod gSA izkFkfed Lrj ij xzke nqX/k mRiknd lgdkjh lfefr lapkfyr gksrh gSA ogk¡ de f’kf{kr yksxksa ds lkFk dkjksckj pyrk gSA ;gk¡ lalk/kuksa dh vYirk gksrh gSA nw/k ,slk inkFkZ gS] tks ykijokgh ls [kjkc gks tkrk gS] ftldk uqdlku lfefr ds lnL;ksa dks Hkqxruk iM+rk gSA
ftyk nqX/k mRiknu lgdkjh la?k dks dbZ Lrjksa ij pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA xzke lfefr Lrj ij nw/k dh tk¡p ds le; feykoV dk irk pyus ij vkilh rukruh dk okrkoj.k gks tkrk gSA ifjogu ds rhozxkeh o v/kqukre rduhdh ;qDr ;krk;kr lk/kuksa dk vHkko izeq[k pqukSrh gSA gkM+kSrh {ks= esa nqX/k ladyu ekxksZa dh fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, yEcs fu/kkZfjr ekxZ gksuk Hkh ,d dfBukbZ gS] blls nqX/k dh xq.koÙkk izHkkfor gksrh gSA bu fu/kkZfjr ekxksZa dks ckj&ckj cnyuk] ifjogudrkZ@mRiknddrkZ nksuksa ds fy, ,d pqukSrh gSA la?k }kjk Hkqxrku izfØ;k esa Rofjrrk o ikjnf’kZrk ugha ik;h xbZA gkM+kSrh {ks= esa xzke nqX/k mRiknu lfefr ds Ik’kqikydksa esa oSKkfud lksp o n`f’Vdks.k dk O;kogkfjd vuqHko de gSA blls mUgsa vkxs c<+us esa ck/kk mRiUu gksrh gSA Ms;jh m|ksx esa xzkeh.k Lrj ij efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh Hkh vko”;d gSA bud vn`’; Je dks mi;qDr igpku ugha fey ik jgh gSA lexzr% efgykvksa dks mfpr lkekftd lEeku o vkfFkd LokoyEcu dk vHkko efgyk l’kfDrdj.k dh fn’kk esa ,d pqukSrh gSA
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4 futh {ks= esa mRiknd] foØsrk o miHkksDrk Lrj ij pqukSfr;k¡ gkM+kSrh ds xzkeh.k vapy ds mRikndksa o foØsrkvksa ds ikl vius nqX/k mRiknksa dks lqjf{kr o lajf{kr djus ds fy, vk/kqfud vo’khru la;a=ksa dk vHkko gSA tc mRiknksa o foØsrkvksa dks viuh ykxr dk mfpr ewY; Hkh ugha fey ikrk rks os feykoV dk lgkjk ysrs gSaA ,slh voLFkk esa futh Lrj ij tk¡p dh izfØ;k dk Hkh vHkko ns[kk tkrk gSA miHkksDrk Lrj ij nw/k dh xq.koÙkk o “kq)rk dh igpku djuk] vke&vkneh ds Lrj ij laHko ugha gks ikrk] ;g cgqr cM+h dfBukbZ gSA ?kjsyw vkiwfrZ esa Å¡ps nke ij Hkh fuf’pr le; ij ’kq) o xq.koÙkk ;qDr nqX/k dh miyC/krk dlkSVh ij gSA Ms;jh m|ksx ds leqfpr fodkl ds fy, mDr pqukSfr;ksa dk mfpr vkSj O;ogkfjd lek/kku cgqr vko”;d gSA
Ms;jh m|ksx ds fodkl gsrq vuqHkwr pqukSfr;ksa ds lUnHkZ esa lek/kku
¼i½ LFkkuh; fudk; ¼xzke iapk;r] iapk;r lfefr] uxj ikfydk o uxj fuxe½ }kjk le;≤ ij {ks= dh pjkxkg Hkwfe dks eqDr djkus gsrq vfrØe.k gVkus ds izHkkoh vfHk;ku pyk;s tkus okafNr gSaA
¼ii½ oSKkfud fof/k ls Ik’kqikyu ds fy, xkS lao/kZu ;kstukvksa esa uLy lq/kkj] Vhdkdj.k] LokLF; tk¡p] ikSf’Vd vkgkj j[k&j[kko vkfn ds fy, fo’ks’k izf’k{k.k o tkx:drk f’kfoj laxks’Bh o ifjppkZvksa dk vk;kstu ftyk nqX/k mRiknd lgdkjh la?k@ftyk d`f’k foKku dsUnzksa }kjk fd;k tkuk mfpr gksxkA
¼iii½ “kgjh {ks=ksa esa vukt Hk.Mkj.k ds os;j&gkml dh rtZ ij lw[kk pkjk Hk.Mkj.k dh lqfo/kk miyC/k djk;h tkuh pkfg,A
¼iv½ Ik’kqvksa ls vif’k’V ds :i esa xkscj o ew= izkIr gksrk gSA bldk leqfpr mi;ksx o foi.ku vko’;d gSA xkscj ds fy, ^^osLV Vw osYFk^^ ds fotu dh vksj /;ku nsrs gq, ,d cM+k xkscj xSl IykaV LFkkfir fd;k tkuk pkfg, blls Ik’kq ikydksa dks vkfFkZd lEcy feysxk rFkk nwljh vksj lLrh vkSj iznw’k.k jfgr bZ/ku xSl miyC/k gks ik;sxhA bldk “kgjh@xzkeh.k nksuksa gh {ks=ksa esa ?kjsyw bZ/ku ds vykok] ifjogu lk/kuksa esa Hkh mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA orZeku esa dksVk laHkkx esa Ik’kqvksa ds ew= dk dksbZ vkfFkZd mi;ksx ugha gks jgk gSA bldk lkef;d ladyu dj vk;qosZfnd nokvksa ds :i esa ;fn mi;ksx fd;k tk,] rks mRikndksa dks blls vkfFkZd lEcy Hkh izkIr gksxkA lgdkjh o ljdkjh Lrj ij iz;kl vko”;d gSA lek/kku dh fn’kk esa jktLFkku ljdkj Hkh dqN fof’k’V ;kstuk,¡ ykdj xkscj ds mi;ksx o foi.ku ds {ks= esa Økafrdkjh dne mBk ldrh gSA NÙkhl x<+ ljdkj }kjk ^^xkscj U;k; ;kstuk^^ lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSA blh izdkj e/; izns’k ljdkj }kjk Hkh ^^xkscj&/ku^^ ;kstuk dk bUnkSj ¼eiz½ esa fnukad 19 Qjojh 2022 dks ’kqHkkjaHk fd;k
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English LanguageMkW cqf)izdk’k (Pg. 13432 13443) 13441
x;k gSA bu ;kstukvksa esa Ik’kqikydksa ls xkscj Ø; dj xkscj&/ku IykaV yxkdj lh,uth dk mRiknu fd;k tk jgk gSA blls xzkeh.k o “kgjh Ik’”kqikydksa dks izR;{k #i ls fo’”ks’k dj efgykvksa dh ikfjokfjdksa o vkfFkZd fLFkfr lqn`<+ vkSj mUur gqbZ gSA
¼v½ xkscj dk vfrfjDr mi;ksx& [kkn ds :Ik esa tks xkscj mi;ksx esa vk jgk gS] mldk ,d fodYi Hkh gS] bl xkscj ls Åiys o ¼dk’B :Ik½ —f=e ydM+h ;fn cukrh tk, rks vUR;sf’V ds volj ij iz;qDr fd;k tk ldrk gS tks o`{k o Ik;kZoj.k cpkvksa vfHk;ku dk egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gksxkA bllsaa jkstxkj ds voljksa eas Hkh o`f) gksxh o mRiknd dks vkfFkZd ykHk gksxkA
¼vi) dksVk “kgj esa nsoukjk;.k ;kstukUrxZr Ik’kqikydksa dks dksVk ds gh miuxjh; {ks= esa ,d fuf’pr LFkku ¼uUn xzke½ ij Lo;a dk vkoklh; Hkou ,oa Ik’kqvksa ds fy, vkokl LFky miyC/k djk;s x;s gSaA jktLFkku ljdkj dk ;g iz;kl iz’kaluh; gSA ijUrq bl ;kstuk dk foLrkj rglhy Lrj ij Hkh fd;k tkuk visf{kr gSA rkfd xzkeh.k Ik’kqikyd Hkh ykHkkafor gks ldsaA
¼vii½ dksVk tSls “kgj esa tgk¡ dksfpax ds fy, izfro’kZ 2 ls 2 50 yk[k fo|kFkhZ vkrs gSa muds fy, nw/k dh vfrfjDr ekax vpkud c<+ tkrh gSA bldh iwfrZ ds fy, vU; lehi ds ftyksa dh Ms;jh ls nw/k dh vkiwfrZ ;fn rRijrk o vk/kqfud ifjogu lk/kuksa ls djokbZ tk, rks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks xq.koŸkk ;qDr] LokLFko)Zd nw/k mfpr ewY; ij miyC/k gks ldsxkA
¼viii½ nw/k dh foi.ku dh n`f’V ls rhozxkeh o v/kqukre ¼uohu½ rduhdh;qDr ifjogu ds lk/kuksa dk mi;ksx le; dh ekax gS] rkfd mRikn rRijrk o xq.koŸkk ds lkFk nwjLFk LFkkuksa ij igq¡p ldsaxsA
¼ix½ Ms;jh m|ksx esa efgyk nqX/k mRiknd lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh la[;k esa o`f) dj O;olk; esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,] bl gsrq lgdkjh la?k ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks izksRlkfgr o izf’kf{kr fd;k tk,A blls mudk lkekftd lEeku vkSj vkfFkZd LokoyEcu c<+sxk] tks efgyk l’kfDrdj.k dh fn’kk usa ehy dk iRFkj lkfcr gksxkA
¼x½ ckjka ftys esa nqX/k mRikndksa ds vkfFkZd ykHk gsrq ckjka “kgj esa nqX/k lgdkjh la?k o Ms;jh IykaV ¼nqX/k laxzg.k ,oa foØ; dsUnz½ “kh?kz gh LFkkfir fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ¼xi½ Ms;jh fodkl ds fy, futh {ks= ds mRikndksa@foØsrkvksa dks Hkh laxfBr djus dh vko”;drk gS rkfd foØ; nj] tk¡p] xq.koŸkk fu;a=.k dks izHkkoh cuk;k tk ldsA futh {ks= esa Hkh y?kq foŸk _.k o chek izfØ;k dks ljy o lqyHk cuk;k tk, rkfd miuxjh; {ks=ksa esa Hkh Lojkstxkj l`tu gks ik;s vkSj xzkeh.k ;qokvksa dks ’kgj dh vksj iyk;u ls jksdk tk ldsA
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MkW cqf)izdk’k (Pg. 13432 13443) 13443
fu’d’kZ
Ms;jh m|ksx esa gh ugha] oju fdlh Hkh {ks= esa vkbZ pqukSfr;ksa ds lek/kku ls ljdkjh e’khujh ds lkFk&lkFk] tu lgHkkfxrk o jktuSfrd bPNk ’kfDr dh izcyrk egRoiw.kZ gSA fofHkUu Lrjksa ij pqukSfr;ksa dk lek/kku djus gsrq bldh egrh vko”;drk gSA LFkkuh; ls dsUnzh—r ,d lexz <kapk cukdj mfpr :Ik ls ;kstukvksa dk fØ;kUo;u fd;s tkus ij gkM+kSrh {ks= esa Ms;jh m|ksx lesfdr :Ik esa fodflr gksdj {ks= esa tuthou ds fodkl ds u;s vk;ke LFkkfir djus esa lgk;d fl) gksxkA
lUnHkZ lwph
Thunen, V. (1826), “Der Solierte Steat in Berichang and Land Wirstschaft”.
2 Govt. of India (1974 1979), ‘Planning Commission Draft 5th, 5Year Plan I,II, P.No. 27 28
Vyas, V.S. and Choudry, K.M. (1970), “Economics of Dairy Family in Meha Sana” Agro Economic Research Centre Vallabh Vidhya Nagar, P.120 Jain, Manmal (1981), “Growth Pattern of Dairy Sub. Sector in Rajasthan”, Himalaya Published House, New Delhi.
Karien, V. (1984), “Feedly and Mangement of Dairy Cattle “ Dairy Guide, P.P. 39 44
Khandelwal, M.K. (1989), “Dairy Industry in Rajasthan, Geography Deporatment, University of Rajasthan. Jaipur (Unpublished Thesis).
Purohit, S B ¼1992½ ‘Dairy Devlopment in Rajasthan’ Unpublised Thesis University of Raj. Jaipur. P.No.19 22 ?kksl]vjfoUn¼tuojh2002½ ] ^xzkeh.kiquZfuekZ.kdhvksjc<+rsdne^;kstuk]i`la 2 dqfj;u]ch ¼vxLr2004½ ] ^nqX/kmRiknuxzkeh.kfodkldk,dlk/ku^];kstuk]i`la 11 caly]vfuy¼ekpZ2004½ ] ^xzkeh.kvkSj—f’kfodklesacnysxhvFkZO;oLFkk^ ] dq:{ks=]i`la 7 Nandwana G. (2005), ‘Agriculture and Socio Economic Transformation: A case Study of Bundi District (Unpublished Thesis) Hkkjrdhtux.kuk2011]tux.kukdk;Zfuns’kky;jktLFkku]t;iqjA Ik’kqx.kuk&2019] ftyklkaf[;dh#ijs[kk]ckjka]cwUnh]>kykokM+]dksVkA S. Yadav and Z. Khan, (2020), ‘Research Column Intra Regional Disparities in Hadoti Region A Geographical Analys in Research Column.
D. Sharma and S.Yadav (2021), “Socio Ecomomic Transformation by Dairy Devolepment in Bundi District, International Innovative Research Science Engineering and technologyTechnol, V 10, No. 7, P.No. 9228 Sharma, D.K. and Yadav, S. (July 2021), “Socio Economic Transformation by Dairy Develoment in Bundi District Raj.” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology.
Annual Report (2021), “Aam Sabh, Kota Jila”, Dugdhh Utpadak Sahkari Sangh, Kota. dk;kZy;]dksVk&cwUnhftyknqX/kmRiknulgdkjhla?k]dksVk¼jkt½
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