Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2021: 7.278, www.srjis.com
PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, DEC-JAN, 2023, VOL-11/55
mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy fon~;kF;kZaP;k tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rhpk vH;kl
jfoanz lksuk eaMfyd1 & izk-vfouk’k HkkaMkjdj2 Ph.D.
1 la’kks/kd fon~;kFkhZ
2 la’kks/kd ekxZn’kZd
la’kks/ku dsanz % fon~;k izfr’Bk.k f’k{k.k’kkL= egkfon~;ky;]vgenuxj
Email-ravindramandlik@rediffmail.com
Email-dravinashbhandarkar@gmail.com
Paper Received On: 25 JAN 2023
Peer Reviewed On: 31 JAN 2023
Published On: 1 FEB 2023
Abstract
izLrqr la”kks/ku vH;klke/;s vgenuxj ftYg~;krhy mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy fon~;kF;kZae/khy
ln~;fLFkrhrhytyO;oLFkkiutk.khotkx`rhpkvH;kldj.;krvkykvkgs - la”kks/kukphmfn~n’Vslk/;dj.;klkBh
la”kks/kdkustyO;oLFkkiutk.khotkx`rh;k50xq.kkaP;kcgqi;kZ;hiz”ukoyhphfufeZrhd:urhfof/kekxZn”kZd] rK] fo’k;f”k{kd;kaPksaekxZn”kZu?ksowuoVsLVfjVsLV;ki)rhuslglac/kxq.kddk<wuiFkn”kZdvH;kldsykvgenuxj ftYg~;krhy“kgjh oxzkeh.kHkkxkrhyizR;sdh4;kizek.ks,dw.k8mPpek/;fedfon~;ky;kaphfuoM d:u izR;sdh 50 ;kizek.ks 400 fon~;kF;kZaps iz”ukoyhP;k ek/;ekrwu losZ{k.k dj.;kr vkys - izkIr ekfgrhP;k la[;k”kkL=h;fo”ys’k.kklkBhoxkZarjsotyO;oLFkkiutk.khotkx`rh deh]e/;e]tkLrLo:Ikfuf”prd:u “ksdMsokjh ;kl[;k”kkL=h;lk/kukP;klgk¸;kusxzkeh.ko“kgjhHkkxkrhyizR;sdh200;kizek.ks400fon~;kF;kZaps fon~;ky;fugk;fo”ys’k.kdj.;krvkys - fo”ys’k.krwu,dw.k400iSdh 16-75 % fon~;kF;kZae/;sdeh] 63-50 % fon~;kF;kZae/;de/;e] 19-75 % fon;kF;kZae/;stkLrLo:ikphtyO;oLFkkiutk.khotkx`rhrlsp“kgjhHkkxkrhy fon~;kF;kZae/;sxzkeh.kHkkxkis{kkdehtyO;oLFkkutk.khotkx`rhvk<Gwuvkyheq[;“kCn %mPpek/;fedLrj]tyO;oLFkkiu]tk.khotkx`rh -
Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com
izLrkouk %
ik.kh gh izR;sd lthokaph ewyHkwr xjt vkgs- ik.;kf’kok; ekuokP;k vfLrRokpk fopkj dj.ks
v’kD; vkgs- thol`’Vh gh i`Fohyk feGkysyh ,d fulxZnRr ns.kxh vkgs] ijarq ;k thol`’Vhps vfLrRop
ik.;keqGs vkgs vkf.k tyL=ksrkaP;k lHkksorkyhp ouLirh vkf.k izk.kh thou fodflr >kysys vk<Gwu
;srs-vxnh ekuokpk fopkj dsyk dsyk rj vkiyh olkgr] fofo/k “kgjs] xko gh izkeq[;kus tyL=ksr
mnk-un~;kaP;k lHkksorkyhp fodflr >kkysyh fnlwu ;srs]Eg.kwu ik.kh gs ekuoh thoukpk QDr vfoHkkT;
?kVd ulwu ik.kh gsp thou vkgs-
i`Fohrykoj ik.;kP;k forj.kkpk fopkj dsyk rj 71% HkwHkkx gk ik.;kus O;kiysyk vkgs o
29 % tehu vkgs vls vlys rjh ekuokl fi.;k;ksX; ik.;kps izek.k [kwi deh Eg.kts 0-8 % vkgs-
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
(Pg. 13770-13781)
vkiY;k Hkkjr ns’kkpk fopkj dsyk rj] Hkwi`’Bkojhy o HkwxHkkZrhy feGwu tkxfrd rqqyusr 4-66 % ik.kh
ekuoh okijkl ;ksX; vkgs- lu 2022 Ik;Zar 141 dksVh Ik;Zar iksgkspysyh vkgs] Eg.kts ok<R;k yksdla[;seqGs
ik.;kph ekx.kh ns[khy fuf’prp ok<r vkgs- ;klkBh miyC/k ik.;kps dkVsdksji.ks o tckcnkjhus
fu;kstu gks.ks gh izR;sd ekuokps drZO; vkgs gs y{kkr ;srsvfrfjDr yksdla[;k rlsp vfu;fer o vfuf’pr drZO; vkf.k miyC/k ik.;kpk lq;ksX; O;oLFkkiukpk vHkko rlsp ekuokP;k Ik;kZoj.kh; gLr{ksikeqGs Hkkjrkcjkscj egkjk’Vªk/;s tyleL;k xaHkhj
Lo:Ik /kkj.k egkjk’Vªkrhy HkkSxkfyd {ks=QG gs ns’kkP;k 9-37 % vlwu ,dw.k tylaiRrhP;k 14 % ik.kh gs egkjk’VªklkBh miyC/k gksr vlsy rjhgh jkT;kr mnk- nq’dkG] tyiznw’k.k] vkn~;ksfxdhdj.kklkBh ik.;kph ok<rh ekx.kh] ik.;kpk v;ksX; okij] tylaiRrhps fo’ke forj.k ;klkj[;k vusd tyleL;k fuekZ.k >kY;k vkgsr-;klkBh lektkrhy izR;sd ?kVd] dqVwac o “kkGkae/;s tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh dj.ks dkGkph xjt vkgs-
ik.kh gk iquuZohdj.kh; L=ksr vlyk rjh] ik.;kpk pqdhpk okij vkf.k viO;; ;keqGs
tylalk/kukapk &gkl gksr vkgs- ik.;kps lao/kZu gk egRokpk Ik;kZoj.kh; fo’k; >kyk vkgs- ik.kh
okpowu R;kps lao/kZu dj.;klkBh izR;sdkus ik.;kpk viO;o; deh d:u njMksbZ okij deh dj.ks
vR;ar xjtsps vkgs- ;klkBh f’k{k.k{ks=kph Hkwfedk vR;ar egRokph Bjrs-
O;fDrP;k] lekTkkP;k vkf.k jk’VªkP;k tM.k?kM.khr f’k{k.kP;k ek/;ekrwu orZu ifjorZu ?kMwu
;srs- lekTkkpk ,d tckcnkj ukxjhd ?kM.;klkBh f’k{k.kkph Hkwfedk egRokph vkgs- fofo/k ewY;kaph
:t.kwd d:u lokZaxh.k fodkl lk/kyk tkrks o lektkpk ,d tckcnkj ukxjhd ?kMfoyk tkrks
Eg.kwu f’k{k.kkrwu Ik;kZoj.kkr gks.kk&;k cnykfo’k;h tk.kho d:u ns.ks “kD; vlrs- f’k{k.kkP;k izR;sd
Lrjkoj mnk- izkFkfed] ek/;fed rlsp mPPk ek/;fed Lrjkoj Hkwxksy] foKku] ifjlj vH;kl ;klkj[;k
fo’k;karwu tyf’k{k.k fnys tkrs- mPp ek/;fed Lrjkpk fopkj dsyk rj gh ewys b;Rkk vdjkoh o ckjkoh ;k oxkZr f’k{k.k ?ksr vlrkr o dqekjkoLFkk ;k dky[akMkrhy gh ewys vlrkr- brjkaph ers gh
t’khP;k r’kh u Lohdkjrk fpfdRld fopkj d:u rh Lohdkjrkr o gs eqys tckcnkj ukxjhd Eg.kwu
Hkwfedk ikj ikM.kkj vlrkr] Eg.kwu ;k Lrjkojhy ewys tyO;oLFkkiuifo’k;h fdrh tkx:d vkgsr
;kfo’k;h vH;kl dj.ks vR;ar xjtsps vkgs ;klkBh izLrqr la’kks/ku gkrh ?ksrys vkgs-
Lak’kks/kukph xjt o egRo
1½ tyO;oLFkkiu gh dkGkph xjt vkgs Eg.kwu Hkfo’;ke/;s ik.;kfo’k;h fuekZ.k gks.kk&;k leL;syk
lkeksjs tk.;klkBh rlsp ik.;kfo’k;h ;ksX; R;kizek.kkr fu;kstuklkBh fon~;kF;kZae/;s ladYiuk
:tfo.;kLkkBh o ln~;fLFkrhrhy gks.kkjs nq:Ik;ksx ;kfo’k;haP;k tk.khotkx`rhpk “kks/k ?ks.;klkBh iLRkqr
la’kks/ku xjtsps vkgs-
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
(Pg. 13770-13781)
2½ fon~;kF;kZae/;s uSfrd ewY;kacjkscj tylk{kjrk] tylaiRrhps lao/kZu ;kcn~ny tkf.ko fuekZ.k
gks.;klkBh lnj la’kks/ku xjtsps vkgs-
3½ vktpk fon~;kFkhZ gk mn~;kpk tckcnkj ukxfjd gks.kkj vkgs- lektke/;s thou txr vlrkuk
uSlfxZd lk/kulaiRrhps lao/kZu dj.ks o O;oLFkkiu dj.ks ;k tckcnkjhph tk.kho fon~;kF;kZae/;s fodflr
dj.;klkBh lnj l’kks/ku gs xjtsps vkgs-
4½ tyO;oLFkkiukP;k ikjaikfjd o vk/kqfud i)rh fdaok Ik;kZoj.kkoj gks.kkjs ifj.kke b- ckcrhr
fon~;kFkhZ fdrh tkx:d vkgs gs let.;klkBh izLrqr la”kks/ku xjtsps vkgs-
5½ lnj la”kks/kukrwu mPPk ek/;fed f’k{k.k ?ks.kk&;k fon~;kF;kZaP;k tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh fdrh
izek.kr vkgs gs let.kkj vlY;kuss “kkys; vH;kldzekrwu fon~;kF;kZae/;s tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh
dj.;klkBh f’k{kdkauk tyO;oLFkkiu v/;kikukP;k n`’Vhus izLrqr la’kks/ku egRokps vkgs-
6½ izLrqr la’kks/kukrwu fon~;kF;kZaP;k tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rhpk vH;kl gks.kkj vlY;kus R;kpk
mi;ksx “kkGsyk ns[khy ik.;kps O;oLFkkiu dj.;klkBh gks.kkj vkgs o tyO;oLFkkiu fo’k;d midze
vkf.k fu;kstu dj.;klkBh izLrqr la’kks/ku egRRokps vkgs-
Lak’kks/ku fo/kku %
vgenuxj ftYg~;krhy egkjk’Vª jkT; ek/;fed o mPP ek/;fed f’k{k.k eaMG] iq.ks lyfXur
mPp ek/;fed fon~;ky;krhy b;Rkk 11 oh o 12 oh P;k fon~;kF;kZae/khy tyO;oLFkkiu
tk.khotkx`rhpk vH;kl dj.ks-
egRokaP;k “kCnkaP;k O;k[;k %
1½ mPp ek/;fed Lrj
ladYiukRed O;k[;k %
jk’Vªh; “kS{kf.kd /kksj.k ¼1986½ P;k 10$2$3 ;k vkd`rhca/kkuqlkj b;Rrk 11 okh o 12 oh ps oxZ-
¼xVdG jatuk ¼2009½½
dk;kZRed O;k[;k %
f
Lrj-
’k{k.kkP;k T;k Lrjke/;s b;Rrk 11 oh o 12 oh ps oxZ vkgsr rks Lrj Eg.kts mPp ek/;fed
2½ mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy fon~;kFkhZ
ladYiukRed O;k[;k
jk’Vªh; “kS{kf.kd /kksj.k ¼1986½ P;k 10$2$3 ;k vkd`rhca/kkuqlkj b;Rrk 11 oh o 12 oh P;k
oxkZrhy fon~;kFkhZ-
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
(Pg. 13770-13781)
dk;kZRed O;k[;k
b;Rrk 11 oh o 12 oh P;k loZ “kk[kkaP;k oxkZr f’k{k.k ?ks.kkjs fon~;kFkhZ-
3½ tyO;oLFkkiu
ladYiukRed O;k[;k
ik.;kP;k L=ksrkaps lektkrhy loZ Lrjkauk ;ksX; forj.k ;kyk ik.kh fdaok tyO;O;lFkkiu vls
Eg.krkr-
¼ www.wikipedia.org ½
dk;kZRed O;k[;k
miyC/k ik.;kps ;ksX; fjrhus dsys tk.kkjs fu;kstu-
tk.khotkx`rh
ladYiukRed O;k[;k
Awareness is knowledge, that somethimg exists or understanding of situation or subject at the present time base on information or experience.
(www.dictionary.Cambridge.org.)
dk;kZRed O;k[;k
mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy fon~;kF;kZaps tyO;oLFkkiu fo’k;d Kku-
la’kks/kukph mfn~n’Vs%
1½ mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy fon~;kF;kZae/khy tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rhpk ’kks/k ?ks.ks-
2½ mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy ’kgjh Hkkxkrhy fon~;kF;kZaP;k tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rhpk vH;kl
dj.ks-
3½ mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy fon~;kF;kZaP;k tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rhpk vH;kl
dj.ks-
Lak’kks/ku iz’u %
1½ mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy fon;kF;kZae/khy tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh d’kh vlsy ?
2½ mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy “kgjh Hkkxkrhy fon;kF;kZae/khy tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh d’kh vlsy ?
3½ mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy fon;kF;kZae/khy tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh d’kh
vlsy ?
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
(Pg. 13770-13781)
Lakcf/kr lkfgR; o iwoZ la’kks/kukpk vk<kokLakcf/kr lkfgR;kpk vk<kok
v½ tyO;oLFkkiu fo’k;d iqLrds
1½ vkiVs]eksgu]¼2012½
Lknj iqLrdkrwu i`Fohojhy ik.;kps izek.k] typdz] Hkkjr ns”kkrhy tyfFkRkh] ik.;kps Hkwfexr
vfLrRo] Hfo’;dkyhu tyladV] ik.;kps fo”ks’k xq.k/keZ] tyiznw’k.k o ik.;kph egrh b- fo’k;h ekfgrh feGkyh-
2½ ns’kikaMs]v-ik-]¼2011½
Lknj iqLrdkrwu foKku;k=h MkW- ek/ko fprGs ;kaps tyO;oLFkkiu fo’k;hps fopkj] R;kauh “kklukl tyO;oLFkkiuklkBh fprGs vk;ksxkrwu fnysY;k f’kQkj’kh] nq’dkG o tyO;oLFkkiu ;kapk lac/k ;kafo’k;h ekaMysys fopkj b-fo’k;h ekfgrh feGkyh-
3½ /kkjkf’kodj]eqdqan]¼2015½
Lknj iqLrdkrwu i`Fohrykojhy ik.;kps forj.k]ik.;kps fofo/k L=ksr]ik.kh lkBfo.;kP;k fofo/k
i)rh]tyf’k{k.k b~-ekfgrhapk vk<ok ?ksryk-
4½ dne] izQqYy] ¼2018½
lnj iqLrdke/kwu egkjk’Vªkrhy izeq[k /kj.ks]tyO;oLFkkiukr [kktxh daiU;kaph Hkwfedk] fofo/k
[kkjs]jkT;krhy tylR;kxzg b-fo’k;d ekfgrh feGkyh-
c½ “kS+{f.kd la’kks/ku fo’k;d iqLrds
1½ dk;ans xaxk/kj] ¼2010½
izLrqr lanHkZ iqLrdkrwu los{k.k i)rh] lkekftd losZ{k.k] losZ{k.k oSf’’Vs] izdkj] ekfgrh
ladyukP;k fofo/k i)rh] lkaf[;dh; fo’ys’k.k lkaf[;dh; ra= b fo’k;kaph ekfgrh feGkyh-
2½iafMr] c-fc-]¼2010½
izLrqr lanHkZ iqLrdkrwu la’kks/ku i)rh]vfHkdYi]vfHkdYikaps izdkj b-fo’k;h ekfgrh feGkyh-
3½ fHkarkMs]fo-jk-]¼2011½
izLrqr lanHkZ iqLrdkrwu la’kks/kukph fofo/k lk/kus]fo’ks’kr% iz’ukoyh]U;kn’kZ]izk;ksfxd Ik)rh b- fo’k;h
ekfgrh feGkyh-
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
(Pg. 13770-13781)
lacf/kr iwoZ la’kks/kukpk vk<kok
1½ nsfcnkl]efYyd]¼2003½
izLrqr iwoZ la’kks/kuke/;s Hkkjrkrhy fuoMd 10 “kgjka/;s tyO;oLFkkiu djrkuk ;s.kk&;k vMpk.kh
o R;koj mik;;kstukapk vH;kl dsyk vkgs- ;klkBh losZ{k.k i)rhus losZ{k.k d:u ekfgrhps fo’ys’k.k
dsys vkgs-
lnj iwoZ la’kks/kuke/ksu “kgjh Hkkxke/;s izR;{k losZ{k.k rlsp losZ{k.k djrkuk ;s.kk&;k vMpk.kh
b- fo’k;h ekfgrh feGkyh-
2½ ok[kjMs]lksukyh]¼2017½
Lknj iwoZ la’kks/kuke/;s ukansM ftYg~;kr fofo/k xkokae/;s tyla/kkj.k dk;Zdzekr lgHkkxh >kysY;k
efgykapk lekt’kkL=h; n`’Vhdksukrwu fo’ks’kr% vkfFkZd]lkekftd]dkSaVksfcd o O;fDrxr thoukoj >kysY;k ifj.kkekapk vH;kl dj.;kr vkyk vkgs-iz’ukoyhP;k ek/;ekrwu 120 efgykaps losZ{k.k d:u
thouekuke/;s >kysY;k cnykapk vH;kl dsyk vkgs-
;krwu efgykapk tyO;oLFkkiukfo’k;h vl.kkjk n`’Vhdksu]ik.;kP;k vHkkokeqGs efgykauk ;s.kk&;k
vMp.kh]tyla/kkj.kkr lgHkkxh >kY;kuarj cnysys thoueku ;kfo’k;h ekfgrh feGkyh-
3½ ikVhy]t;oar] ]¼2010½
izLrqr l’kks/kuke/;s ek/;fed Lrjkojhy ,dw.k 1200 fon~;kF;kZaPkh Ik;kZoj.k tk.khotkx`rh]vfHk:ph
o vfHko`Rrh ;kaps losZ{k.k d:u fon~;kF;kZaP;k Ik;kZoj.k tk.khotkx`rhpk vH;kl dsyk vkgs- rlsp
“ksdMsokjh ;k la[;k”kkL=h; lk/kukpk mi;ksx d:u la[;k’kkL=h; fo’ys’k.k d:u vH;kl dsyk
vkgslnj iwoZ la’kks/kuk/kwu losZ{k.k i)rhP;k ik;&;k] rlsp tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rhps Lo:Ik
fuf’pr dj.;klkBh mi;ksx >kyk-
Tkula[;k
vgenuxj ftYg~;krhy mPp ek/;fed fon~;ky;karhy loZ fon~;kFkhZ-
U;kn’kZ
izLrqr la’kks/kukr vgenuxj ftYg~;krhy mPp ek/;fed fon~;ky;krhy ,dw.k 400 fon~;kF;kZaph
losZ{k.kklkBh fuoM dsyh vkgs] rh iq<hyizek.ks]
“kgjh Hkkxkrhy fon~;kFkhZ Xkzkeh.k Hkkxrhy fon~;kFkhZ
eqys eqyh eqys eqyh 100 100 100 100
,dw.k “kgjh Hkkx fon~;kFkhZ la[;k 200 $ xzkeh.k Hkkx fon~;kFkhZ l[;k 200 ¾ 400 dks’Vd dza % 1 “kgjh Hkkx o xzkeh.k Hkkx fon~;kFkhZ fuoM
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
(Pg. 13770-13781)
la’kks/ku i)rh %
izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh la’kks/kdkus losZ{k.k ;k la’kks/ku i)rhpk okij dsyk vkgsekfgrh ladyukps lk/ku %
izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh la’kks/kdkus 50 iz’u lekosf’kr la’kks/kd fufeZr tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh
;k ,dw.k 50 xq.kkaph cgqi;kZ;h i’ukoyhpk okij dsyk vkgsla[;k’kkL=h; lk/ku
izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh losZ{k.kkrwu izkIr >kysY;k ekfgrhps la[;k’kkL=h; fo’ys’k.k dj.;klkBh
“ksdMsokjh ;k la[;k’kkL=h; lk/kukpk mi;ksx dsyk vkgs-
izR;{k dk;Zokgh %
la’kks/kukps mfn~n’Vs lk/; dj.;klBh mPPk ek/;fed Lrjkojhy fon~;kF;kZaP;k tyO;oLFkkiu
tk.khotkx`rhps losZ{k.k dj.ks xjtsps gksrs- ln~;fLFkrhrhy losZ{k.k dj.;klkBh loZizFke la’kks/kdkus
tyO;oLFkkiu vk’k; vk/kkjhr iz’ukoyh fuekZ.k dj.;klkBh fofo/k Lrjkojhy tyO;oLFkkiu
iz’ukoyhapk vk<kok ?ksowu ,dw.k 50 xq.kkaph cgqi;kZ;h iz’ukoyh r;kj dj.;kr vkyh-
i’ukoyh r;kj dj.;klkBh la’kks/kdkus tyO;oLFkkiu vk’k; vk/kkjhr ,dw.k 10 fuf’pr dsys] rs iq<hy izek.ks
izR;sd mi?kVdklkBh izR;sdh 5 ;kizek.ks ,dw.k 50 iz’u o izR;sd iz’ukl ,d xq.k ;kizek.ks
50 xq.kkaph tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh iz’ukoyh r;kj dj.;kr vkyh- lnj iz’ukoyh izekf.kr
dj.;klkBh rK ekxZn’kZdkaps ekxZn’kZu ?ksowu IkFkn’kZd vH;kl dj.;kr vkyk- ;klkBh ’kkgw] Qqys
fopkj lao/kZu lferhps dyk o foKku mPp ek/;fed fon~;ky;]dq:an rk-ikjusj ft-vgenuxj ;k
fon~;ky;krhy 60 fon~;kF;kZaph iFkn’kZd vH;kl dj.;klkBh fuoM dsyh- VsLV fjVsLV i)rhus iFkn’kZd
vH;kl iw.kZ d:u izIrkadke/khy lglac/k xq.kkad dk<.;kr vkyk- rK ekxZn’kZdkaP;k lwpusuqlkj ;ksX; rks cny d:u iz’ukoyhpk Lohdkj dj.;kr vkyk-
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
(Pg. 13770-13781)
izR;{k losZ{k.k dj.;klkBh vgenuxj ftYg~;krhy ’kgjh o xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy feGwu ,dw.k 8
mPp ek/;fed fon~;ky;kaPkh lgsrwd fuoM d:u izR;sd fon~;ky;krhy 50 ;kizek.ks ,dw.k 400 fon~;kF;kZadMwu iz’ukoyh lksMowu ?ks.;kr vkyh- losZ{k.kklkBh [kyhyizek.ks fon~;kFkhZ la[;k fuf’pr dj.;kr vkyh rh iq<hyizek.ks]
’kgjh Hkkxkrhy mPp ek/;- fon~;ky;s o fon~;kFkhZ la[;k
v-umPp ek/;-fon~;ky; ukos fon~;kFkhZ la[;kk
1 vgenuxj egkfon~;ky;] vgenuxj 50 2 Tk; ctjax dfu’B egkfon~;ky;] vgenuxj
U;w vkVZl~ dkWelZ vWaM lk;Ul T;qfu;j dkWyst v-uxj
4 HkkÅlkgsc fQjksfn;k T;qfu;j dkWyst v-uxj
,dw.k 200 dks’Vd dz % 3 “kgjh Hkkxkrhy mPp ek/;- fon~;ky; o fon~;kFkhZ la[;k xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy mPp ek/;- fon~;ky;s o fon~;kFkhZ la[;k
v-umPp ek/;-fon~;ky; ukos fon~;kFkhZ la[;kk
1 :jy gk;Ldwy vWaM T;qfu;j dkWyst oMkGk rk- usoklk 50
2 guqeku fon~;ky;] VkdGh [kkrxko rk-ikjusj 50
3 dyk okf.kT; o foKku dfu’B egkfon~;ky;] Jhjkeiwj 50
4 Kkulfjrk mPp ek/;- fon~;ky;]oMxkko xqIrk]Rkk-uxj 50 ,dw.k 200 dks’Vd dza- 4 % xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy mPp ek/;- fon~;ky;s o fon~;kFkhZ la[;k
losZ{k.kkrwu izkIr >kysY;k ekfgrhps fo’ys’k.k dj.;kr vkys- ;klkBh ’ksdMsokjh ;k la[;k’kkL=h; lk/kukpk okij d:u “kgjh o xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy eqys o eqyh ;kaps ’ksdMkizek.k dk<wu mfn~n’Vfugk;
fu’d’kZ dk<.;kr vkysekfgrhps la[;k”kkL=h; fo’ys’k.k o lknjhdj.k %
’kgjh o xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy 10 mPp ek/;fed fon~;ky;krhy ,dw.k 400 fon~;kF;kZaP;k
losZ{k.kkrhy izkIrkaps fo’ys’k.k dj.;klkBh oxkZarjs o tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rhps Lo:i fuf’pr dj.;kr vkys-rs iq<hy izek.ks %
v-Uk- oxkZarjs tyO;ooLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh Lo:Ik
1 1 & 17 deh
2 18 & 34 e/;e
3 35 & 50 tkLr dks’Vd dza% 5 oxkZarjs o tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh Lo:Ik ¼izek.k½
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
dzekad 6 % fon~;ky;fugk; tyO;ooLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh Lo:Ikkuqlkj fon~;kFkhZ la[;k
fujh{k.k %
1½ mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy 16-25 % fon~;kF;kZae/;s deh Lo:ikph tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh
vkgs-
2½ mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy 63-50 % fon~;kF;kZae/;s e/;e Lo:ikph tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh
vkgs-
3½ mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy 19-75 % fon~;kF;kZae/;a tkLr Lo:ikph tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh
vkgs-
(Pg. 13770-13781)
mfn~n’Vs dzekad 2 % mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy “kgjh Hkkxkrhy fon~;kF;kZaP;k tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rhpk vH;kl dj.ks-
vkys[k dz- 1 % “kgjh fon~;ky;fugk; tyO;ooLFkkiu vkys[k dz 2 % tk.khotkx`rh Lo:Ikkuqlkj
tk.khotkx`rh Lo:Ik “kgjh fon;kF;kZaps “ksdMk izek.k
fujh{k.k %
1½ ’kgjh Hkkxkrhy 20-50 % fon~;kF;kZae/;a deh Lo:ikph tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh vkgs-
2½ ’kgjh Hkkxkrhy 62 % fon~;kF;kZae/;s e/;e Lo:ikph tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh vkgs-
3½ ’kgjh Hkkxkrhy 17-50 % fon~;kF;kZae/;a tkLr Lo:ikph tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh vkgsmfn~n’Vs dzekad 3 % mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy fon~;kF;kZaP;k tyO;oLFkkiu
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
RURAL
dz-3 % xzkeh.k fon~;ky;fugk; tyO;ooLFkkiu vkys[k dz 4 % tk.khotkx`rh Lo:Ikkuqlkj
tk.khotkx`rh Lo:Ik xzkeh.k fon;kF;kZaps “ksdMk izek.k
fujh{k.k %
1½ xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy 13 % fon~;kF;kZae/;a deh Lo:ikph tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh vkgs-
2½ xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy 65 % fon~;kF;kZae/;s e/;e Lo:ikph tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh vkgs-
3½ xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy 22 % fon~;kF;kZae/;a tkLr Lo:ikph tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh vkgs-
fu’d’kZ %
ojhy fo’ys’k.kkuqlkj la”kks/kukph mfnn’Vs fugk; fu’d’kZ iq<hy izek.ks]
mfn~n’Vs dzekad 1 % mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy fon~;kF;kZae/khy tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rhpk “kks/k
?ks.ks-
fu’d’kZ % mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy cgqrka’k fon~;kF;kZae/;s tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh vk<Gwu vkyh-
mfn~n’Vs dzekad 2 % mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy “kgjh Hkkxkrhy fon~;kF;kZaP;k tyO;oLFkkiu
tk.khotkx`rhpk vH;kl dj.ks-
(Pg. 13770-13781)
fu’d’kZ % mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy “kgjh Hkkxrhy fon~;kF;kZae/;s xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy fon~;kF;kZais{kk
tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh izek.k deh vk<Gwu vkys-
mfn~n’Vs dzekad 3 % mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy fon~;kF;kZaP;k tyO;oLFkkiu
tk.khotkx`rhpk vH;kl dj.ks-
fu’d’kZ % mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy xzkeh.k Hkkxrhy fon~;kF;kZae/;s tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh
izek.k tkLr vkgs-
vFkZfuoZpu %
mPp ek/;fed Lrjkojhy cgqrka’k fon~;kF;kZae/;s tyO;oLFkkiu vk’k;krhy fofo/k ?kVdakfo’k;h
tk.khotkx`rh vkgs- xzkeh.k Hkkxkis{kk “kgjh Hkkxke/;s tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh fodlu dj.ks
xjtsps vkgs-
’kS{kf.kd egRo %
1½ izLrqr la’kks/ku gs fon~;kF;kZae/;s tyO;oLFkkiu tk.khotkx`rh fodflr dj.;klkBh ’kS{kf.kd
n`’V~;k egRokps vkgsr-
2½ tyO;oLFkkuiukrhy fofo/k ?kVdkarhy tk.khotkx`rhlkBh v/;kiuke/;s midze fufeZrh dj.;klkBh
izLrqr la’kks/ku egRokps vkgs-
lanHkZ %
vkiVs]eksgu](2012)];kykthou,slsuko]jktgalizdk’ku]iq.ks%izFkevko`RrhxVdG]jatuk]¼2009½]ek/;fedomPpek/;fedf’k{k.kkpkfodkl]ukf’kd]izktDrizdk’ku/kkjkf’kodj]eqdqan] (2005)]ik.kh%rqepsvkeps]iq.ks%euksfodklizdk’ku] ns'kikaMs]v-ik-(2011)]foKku;k=h%MkW-ek/kofprG]iq.ks%jktgalizdk’kufHkarkMs]fo-jk-(2011)] ’kS{kf.kdla’kks/kui)rh]iq.ks%fuR;uqruizdk’kuiafMr]c-fc -(2010)] f’k{k.kkrhyla”kks/ku]iq.ks%fuR;uwruizdk’kudk;ans]xaxk/kj]¼2010½]la’kks/kui)rh]ukf’kd%pSrkU;ifCyds’kunsfcnkl]efYyd] ¼2003½]HkkjrkrhyfuoMd“kgjkae/khytyO;oLFkkiufo’k;dleL;kcqjn~okufon~;kihB] if’pe caxkyikVhy]t;oar]¼2010½]ek/;fedLrjkojhyfon~;kF;kZae/khyIk;kZoj.ktk.khotkx`rh]vfHk:ph]vfHko`Rrh;kapkvH;kl ] f’kokthfon;kihB]dksYgkiwjok[kjMslksukyhcGhjke](2017) tyla/kkj.k dk;Zekrhyefgykapk lgHkkxlekt’kkL=h; vH;kl(fo’ks’klanHkZukansM ftYgk)]ih,p-Mh-]LokehjkekuanrhFkZejkBokMkfon;kihB]ukansMhttp://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/simple-search
https://www.paanifoundation.in
https://hindi.indiawaterportal.org/content/jalavayavasathaapana-kaalaacai-garaja/contenttype-page/55732
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Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language