ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
DR.DODULMONDAL
ONCOLOGISTDRDODULMONDAL.COM
INDEX Esophagealcancer 01 Symptoms 03 Diagnose 05 Types 02 MainCause 04 Treatmentoptions 06
EsophagealCancer
Canceroftheesophagusisthe10thmostcommoncancer worldwide.Youresophagus,thelongmusculartubethat transportsfoodfromyourthroattoyourstomach,isthesource ofthisdisease.Thesymptomsofesophagealcancermaynot beapparentuntilcancerhasspread.
Esophagealcancerhappenswhencancerouscellsinyour esophagealtissuebegintomultiply,eventuallycreatinga tumour.Esophagealcancerisaggressive,butmanypeople don’tnoticesymptomsuntilaftercancerhasspread.
TypesofEsophagealCancer
Adenocarcinoma:Thisisthemostcommontypeof esophagealcancerintheU.S.Itdevelopsinthetissue thatmakesmucusthathelpsyouswallow.Itusually affectsthelowerpartofyouresophagus. Squamouscellcarcinoma:Thistypebeginsinsquamous cellsthatlineyouresophagus.Squamouscellesophageal cancerusuallyaffectstheupperandmiddlepartsofyour esophagus.
Therearetwotypesofesophagealcancer:
Symptoms Difficultyswallowingisthefirstsymptompeople maynotice.Othersymptomsinclude: Vomitingorcoughingupblood. Heartburn. Hoarsenessorchroniccough. Unintentionalweightloss Paininyourthroatorback,behindyourbreastbone orbetweenyourshoulderblades.
Causes
Tobaccouse:Thisincludessmokingandusingsmokelesstobacco.
Alcohol use: Chronic and/or heavy use of alcohol increases the risk of esophagealcancer.
Obesity: Being overweight or obese may cause inflammation in your esophagus thatcouldbecomecancer.
Human papillomavirus (HPV): HPV is a common virus that can cause tissue changesinyourvocalcordsandmouthandonyourhands,feetandgenitals.
History of cancer: People who’ve had cancer of the neck or head have a greater riskforesophagealcancer.
Occupational exposure to certain chemicals: People exposed to dry cleaning solventsoveralongtimeareathigherriskofdevelopingesophagealcancer.
Diagnose Bariumswallow:Healthcareproviderslookatyouresophagusthroughaseriesof X-rays.Bariummakesiteasierforhealthcareproviderstoseeyouresophaguson anX-ray. Computedtomography(CT)scan:Thistesthelpshealthcareprovidersdetermine iftumourshavespreadtoyourchestandabdomen(belly). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD):Healthcareprovidersuseathinflexible tubecalledanendoscopetolookattheinsideofyouresophagus. Esophagealendoscopicultrasound:Soundwavescreateimagesoftheinsideof youresophagus.HealthcareprovidersmaydothistestaspartofanEGD. Biopsy:DuringtheEGD,healthcareprovidersmayremoveasmallpieceoftissue toexamineunderamicroscopetoseeifthereareanycancercells.
TreatmentOption Radiationtherapy:Radiationkillsordamagescancercellsbyaimingaradiationbeam atthetumour.Healthcareprovidersmayuseradiationasadjuvanttherapybeforeor aftersurgery. Chemotherapy:Chemotherapykillscancercellsorstopsthemfromgrowing. Endoscopicsubmucosaldissection(ESD):SurgeonsmayuseESDtotreatveryearlystageesophagealcancer. Endoscopicmucosalresection(EMR):Surgeonsusethisproceduretoremove tumoursinthemucousliningofyouresophagus. Endoscopiclasertherapy:Thistreatmenteasessymptomswhentumoursmayblock youresophagus,makingithardforyoutoswallow. Photodynamictherapy(PDT):Photodynamictherapydestroystumourswithdrugs calledphotosensitizers.Thelightactivatesthesedrugsandcreatesachemical reactionthatkillscancer.
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