Ninglang Notes and Diary 2003

Daily Notes And Diary 22nd October Arrive 23rd Travel 24th Field 25th Field 26th Field 27th Field 28th Field - Findings 29th Budget 30th Indicators 31st Log Frame Ist Activities 2nd Rs Et Al Arrive 3rd Feedback With Nvl 4th Writing Up 5th Travel To Lijiang -Kunming-Chengdu 6th Chengdu To Kanding 7th Kanding 8th Sat - Field Researh 9th - Research 10th - Research 11th - Research 12th - Research 13th - Research – Bus To Chengdu 14th - Fri - Chengdu 15th - Sat - Fly Cheng - Kumning - Bangkok Concern About Steering And Cronyism Ninglang Findings - Group 1 Summary Co-Management [Budget 4 & 5] All Those Interviewed Would Welcome Co-Management - Only A Third Had Suggestions Of Ways To Implement It - Including Patrols - Sustainable Harvesting Training Certificated Access Interventions - Capacity Building Required - Build On Traditional Management - Establish Committees Firewood & Ntfp [Budget 1 And/Or 3] All Those Asked Had Experienced Difficulties With Firewood And Ntfp Since The Creation Of The Nature Reserve And Logging Ban. This Has Increased The Workload Of Women Up To 3 Times And Resulted In Leaking Roofs.

Interventions - Community Forestry Nurseries - Community Plantations - Reclassifcation Of Nature Reserve By Dali Institute Of Forest Survey & Planning - Allow Controlled Cutting Of Species That Coppice Or Regeneration Naturally [Eg

Quercus] - Plant Trees Around Houses & Along Streams Traditional Natural Resource Management [ Budget 4 And 1/3] The Pumi & Mosu Have A Tradition Of Natural Resource Managent, Which Includes Sacred Forest, Mountains And Trees. There Are A String Of Hills Behind Shan Kua - Pu Luo - Lang Fang That Are Sacred.

There Are Natural Resource Intermediaries In Mosu [Daba] And Yi [Bumi] Culture .

There Is A Bumi In Hong Chiao And Dabas Are In Wenquan And Xiao Luoshi The Frog, Crane And Eagle Are "Totem" Animals And Are Not Killed By Some Groups And Certain Walnut Trees Are Sacred Intervention - Traditions Should Be Further Explored With A View To Developing Co-Management And Sustainable Community Plantation Management Logging Ban [Budget 1/3] Has Had Both A Positive And Negative Impact Positive - Reduced Flooding & Erosion & Improved Environment For Mushroom Production Negative - Reduced Firewood And Timber Availability And Added To The Burden Of Women Intervention: Community Nusery/Plantation Upland Conversion [Budget 5] Has Had A Positive And Negative Impact Positive - Reduced Flooding - Subsidy From Government Negative - Reduced Land Availability -Concerns If Trees Do Not Survive [Walnuts] Intervention: Capacity Building In Tree [Walnut] Planting And Establishment Agriculture [Budget 2] Due To A Food Deficet In Most Homes Appropriate Technologies Are Required To Enhance Vegetable Production Interventions Plastic For "Tunnels", "Long-Lasting" Varieties Of Vegetables, Solar Fruit & Vegetable Dryers 3 3.1

Objectives And Agreed Interventions Prioritised And Targeted Objectives Agreed With Host Community And Local Officials Details Of The Target Areas For Pilot Project Intervention Identified And Prioritised By County Level Officials, Village Leaders And A Group Of Village Women Representatives Are Presented Below.

Table 3.1 Ninglang County Pilot Intervention Identification Ranking: Equal 1st Supply Of Wastewater Treatment Equipment Equal 1st Supply Of Garbage Truck And Litter Bins

3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th

Rural Energy Development Improvement Of The General Condition Of Houses Of The Poorest People Improvement/Diversification Of Agriculture Dissemination Of Health And Sanitation Knowledge To Women And Children Improvement Of Irrigation Facilities Improvement Of Water Supply For People And Livestock Improvement Of The Environmental Monitoring Capability Training In Technical Issues And Environmental Awareness

Table 3.2 Luoshui Natural Village Leaders' Pilot Intervention Identification Ranking: 1st Improvement Of The General Condition Of Houses Of The Poorest People 2nd Installation Of Tiled Roofs On Houses Of The Poorest People 3rd Rural Energy Development, E.G. Biogas, Solar Energy 4th Improvement Of Water Supply For People And Livestock 5th Intensive Breeding Of Cows, Sheep, Goats, Chickens, Pigs And Fish 6th House Improvements To Separate People And Livestock In The Same House 7th Plantation Of Herbal Medicines, Mushrooms And Konjak (Plant Used For Sweets, Cake And As A Vegetable) 8th Breeding Of The Indigenous Species Of Fish Li Fu Yu 9th Livestock Breeding In Pens 10th Plastic Greenhouses For Vegetable Production 11th Conversion Of Farmland To Grass And Trees In Flooded Areas 12th Improvement Of Irrigation Facilities 13th Planting Fodder Grass As A Fence Table 3.3 Luoshui Natural Village Women's Representatives' Pilot Intervention Identification Ranking: (Not Set Up Grinding Machine In Each Village (Can Be Used As A Small Business) Ranked, Build Toilets And Make House Improvements To Separate Animals From People Listed In Improvement Of Water Supply (Use High Quality Pipes) Order Of Mention) Use Greenhouses To Grow Vegetables (Could Also Grow Vegetables And Bring By Boat To Sell In Luoshui, To Get More Income) Breed More Livestock, Edible Frogs, Fish, Ducks Middlemen Buy Goats For Y150 And Sell At Luoshui Night Market For Y800: Need Marketing Advice?

Provide Information On Vegetable Growing Techniques, Food Processing (Cold Food Instead Of Cooked Food For Pigs) Improvement Of Irrigation Facilities (For Vegetable Production) Health And Sanitation Education, Especially For Women Use Of Plastic For Corn (Also Pollution Problem) Use Virus-Resistant Varieties Of Potatoes TOR - Co-Management - Traditional Conservation

- Indigenous Knowledge - Impact Of Logging Ban, Upland Conversion, Nature Reserve & Tourism - Ethnicity Issues - Firewood & Ntfp 24th October One Village - Shan Kua N27.67688 E100.84578 What Minzu Are You - Mosuo Family 4 Man Son Girl Important Historical Events 1994 , Wife Died- Disabled 1st Son Died ' What Do You Think About Natural Resources Firewood - Surrounding Mountains -Lake - 1.5 Hours More Difficult Since Nature Reserve Created Medicinal Plants- [Cant Afford Medicine] Collect Med PlantsHow Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Nature Reserve Trad Animals Are Innocent - Did Not Kill Animals Or Birds For No Purpose - Sacred Mount = Jura = Wormay = Burial What Was The Impact Of - -The Logging Ban Positive- Less Flooding - Upland Conversion Positive- Less Flooding -Tourism - No Idea Positive - For Son - Good ,Employment - Richer - Clothes To Poor - Relief From Government Food Maize 150kg Potatoes 200kg Food Deficiency - 6 Months Coping Strategy - Relief From Gov - From Friends And Relatives 50kg Rice This Year Land 2 Mu , 5 Plots = Up To 500m Apart Trees Pears 3= 6 Apricot And Apples 13

Livestock How Many Livestock - Species Pigs 2 Physical 1 House -Roof Leaks Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Wifes Elder Brother = Villagers Help = All Skins Cash Income Burial - 20-30rmb Outsiders -Gov -Relief Keeps 100rmb 2001 - Earthquake Relief Manpower 4 Persons 58 [Often Ill] 17 9 Man 58 [Often Ill] Son 17 & 9 Daughter 12 Received Some Education Interventions -Housing - Tiles -Money -Food Deficiency - No Meat -Fuelwood ________________________________________________________________ Two Village Shan Kua 27.67822 100.84415 Female 38 What Minzu Are You- Han Zu Family - 5 Wife 38 - Educated Up To Grade 5 Husband 42 - No Education Daughter 16 - Middle School Grade 3 Daughter 13 - Middle School 1st Grade Son 11 - Primary Grade 4 Manpower - Husband Employed 10 Yuan A Day - Wife Looks After Farming - Not Healthy

- Get Medicine On Credit Physical Livestock - No Ploughing Stock - Fem Cow - Fem Calf 1 - Pigs - 10- 3 Adults - Chickens 3 - Chicks 3 - Horse 1 House - Leaks - Implements - Basic Tools - No Plough Land = 2-8 Mu - Husband - 2.2 Rent Cash Income Husband - 2000rmb Year [2 Students] Food Maize - 440 Kg Pots - 500kg Beans - 10kg Food Deficient - 6 Months Trees 4 Apples Natural Firewood - 20 Horse Loads A Year - 1500kg - 3 Hours Each Time - More Difficult Since Nature Reserve - Dead Wood Only Medicinal Plants- Do Collect Herbal Medicine - Difficult Half Day Drinking Water - Before From Well - Tap Water In Yard Irrigated Water - Carried 200m Food Security - 6 Months Deficiency From Friend Natural Disasters - Drought And Flood This Year - Pests [Soil Tiger] How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources - Did Not Kill Animals - Before Log Ban Did Not Care About Cutting God Mountain- Buddha Cave - Every Year - Protect What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban Positive- No More Flooding - Less Soil Erosion - Upland Conversion Positive- Subsidy For Food -Tourism Positive- Good For Husbands Work -

Negative- Cant Make Direct Business Historical Events - 2001 Nov - Bleeding - Help From Brother-In-Law - Need Medicine If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To = Younger Sisters Husband - Relief From Outsider - Last Year Relief From Local Gov - Rice And Maize - Friend Helped 2nd Daughters Books Interventions - Tiled Roofs - Divide People And Animals = Kids Schooling = Money For Doctor - Alternative Energy - Firewood Shortage ________________________________________________________________ Lunch -Polo - Host - Interventions Communication River Flooding ________________________________________________________________ Three Village -Puluo N27.67461 E100.82664 Respondent - Man 36 What Minzu Are You- Han Zu Family 6 Men 36 Women 38 Daughter 14 - 6th Primary Daughter 12 - 3rd Primary Daughter 9 - 1st Primary Uncle 7yrs Old Manpower Husband -Education -Up Grade 1 Middle School -Skills - Carpentry -Good Health Wife - No Education - Good Health Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock -0 - Fem Cow 0 - Fem Calf - Pigs 3

- Piglets 2 - Chickens -0 [Epidemic] - Chicks - Horse House 1 Out Houses 2 [40 M Sq] House Condition- Leaks Implements - Basic Tools -Yes - Plough Yes Land 6 Mu - 10 Plots - 2km From House Food Maize - 500kg Pots - 1000kg Beans - 120kg Food Deficient - 3 Months Coping Strategy- Borrow From Middle-Men - [For This Village] Trees Apples 30 Pear 3 Veg Garden .1 Mu -Home Consumption Cash Income Husband - Off-Farm 600rmb Average Other - This Year 2 Piglets - 120 Rmb School Fees - 300 Rmb - Sell Pigs [Sars Discount On School Fees] Medicine- Seldom See Doctor Natural When Were Forests Cut - Ten Years 1982-1989 Firewood - 3000kg Yr - 6km From House - Wife Collects Firewood - Almost Everyday Since Nature Reserve Established - More Difficult - Before Local Collection Possible Medicinal Plants- Collects Mushroom - Cant Identify Musataki Drinking Water - Not Enough - Limited - No Tap Water - Fetch 100m Animal Water - From Lake Irrigated Water - Makes Channel Natural Disasters - 2 Mu Land Flooded - No Drought - Pests [Pesticides] How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources - No Tradition - This Decade -Lots Of Regulation What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban -

Negative- Difficult To Get Firewood Positive- Soil Erosion Red Flooding - Upland Conversion - None Here -Tourism Positive- Sell Veg Co-Management - Welcome - Yes -How - Don't Know [Need Capacity Building] Historical Events May 2001 Earthquake Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - Villagers Help Relief - Relief Food External Networks - No Relative Outside Interventions - Tile Roof And House Condition - Drinking Water - Cash Income - Income Daughter Fees ________________________________________________________________ Four Village -Lan Fang -27.67401 100.82076 Respondent - Man 31 What Minzu Are You- Pumi Family - 3 Man -31 - Education - None - Skills - None Women -31 - Education - None - Skills - None Daughter 2 Manpower Husband Wife Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - 0 - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs - 5 Piglets - Chickens - 2

- Chicks - Horse - Donkey 1 [Fuelwood] Housing House 2 House Condition- Leakage Implements - Basic Tools -Yes - Plough - No [Borrow] Land 2.5 Mu - 4 Plots - 3km Food Maize - 230kg Pots - 250kg Beans - 5.5kg Soyabean - 2.5kg Food Deficient - 4 Months - Buy It - Income From Mushrooms Trees Apples 0 Pears 0 Veg Garden .2 Mu Cash Income Husband - 400rmb From Off-Farm Labour Other School Fees - No School Fees Medicine- No Money - Collect Herb Natural Firewood - 4000kg - Dead Trees - Trips 10km - 10+ - Since Nature Reserve - More Difficult Medicinal Plants, Mushrooms And Ntfp - Collect Drinking Water - No Enough - Tap - 500m Animal Water - 1km For Pigs Irrigated Water - Low Land Yes/ Upper No - Channel From Shan Kua River Natural Disasters - Flooding - Drought - Pests [No Money] How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natre Reserve - Did Not Kill Wild Frog - Uncle - Or Birds [Crane] Lama - Sacred Forest /Mountain 2 Thuwa Lhagong - No Sacred Tree Any More What Was The Impact Of

The Logging Ban Positive - No More Logging No Flooding Soil Erosion Negative - Collecting Firewood Upland Conversion Positive - Subsidy For Food Tourism - Ambivalent Positive- Off-Farm Income Negative- Bite Bones [Ls Bite Meat] Co-Management - Welcome - Yes -How - Employ A Forest Guard - Conflict - Want To Conserve & Collect Firewood Historical Events - 2002 - Seriously Ill - Wife Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - Neighbours - Friends - Relatives Relief - None External Networks - None Interventions - House Improvement - Poverty The Same - Drinking Water - Conflict - Biogas - Solar - Any Energy - Heating - Energy For Animal Feed Other Lama - Ba-Da-Dway - 4 Km Di Di Zong - Pumi For Bye ________________________________________________________________ Five Village - Wan Jou Wan 27.66986 100.81841 Respondent - Female 67 What Minzu Are You- White Yi ?? [Confusion Over Black & White] Family - 2 Mother 67 - Education - None - Skills - None Son - 19 - Not Married - Education - Grade 3 Primary - Skills - None

Manpower Mother Son Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - 0 - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs 2 - Piglets - Chickens - 2 - Chicks- Horse 0 Housing House 1 And Outhouse 1 House Condition- Leaks Implements - Basic Tools - No - Plough -No Land 1mu - Plots 2 Food Maize - 50kg Pots - 250kg Beans Soyabeans 15kg Kidney Beans -6kg Food Deficient - 10 Months Coping Strategy- Buy It [Son Off-Farm Labour] Trees Apples 10+ Pear Veg Garden -.1 Mu Cash IncomeSon = 500-600 Rmb = Rowing Other - None School Fees Medicine- Collect Medicine Natural

Firewood - 500kg /Yr Every Day - 10km -3 Hours - Since Nature Reserve - More Difficult - [Distance & Foot Disease] Medicinal Plants- Yes Drinking Water - Drink Shortage - 100m From Lake Irrigated Water - Carry Water From Channel Natural Disasters - 2002 And 2003 Flooding Destroyed Land How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources Killed Tiger Bear Monkey - Since Nature Reserve Could Not Sacred Forest - None No Man-Nature Intermediary [ Bimu] The Nearest Is In Hong Chou [Bimu]- 40km Away.

What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban Positive - Prevents Soil Erosion Negative - Firewood Collection - Upland Conversion Positive - Good Negative - Land Reduced -Tourism Positive - Employment Negative - Only 10 Yuan Day For Rowing Co-Management - Welcome - Happy -How - Committee - Difficult If Cant Collect Firewood Historical Events - Husband Died -10 Yrs - 3 Children Died Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village Relief - Director Of Village External Networks - Relatives Interventions - Tile Roof - Fuelwood - Pig House ________________________________________________________________ Six Village - Wan Jou Wan 27.67048 100.81778 Respondent - Male 59 What Minzu Are You- Black Yi Family - 3 Man 59 - Education - None

- Skills - None - Health - Ill Wife 60 - Education - None - Skills - None Son 18 - Education - None - Skills - None Manpower Male Wife Son Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - 0 - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs 1 - Chickens - Chicks- Horse Housing House 1 House Condition- Leaks Implements - Basic Tools - Yes - Plough -Yes Land 3 Mu - 3 Plots - Furthest 2km Food Maize - 250kg Pots - Eat All During Harvest Beans - 5kg Soyabeans Kidney Beans Food Deficient - 6 Months+ Coping Strategy - Son Works At Luoshui ; Money To Buy Food Trees Apples PearVeg Garden .1mu

Cash IncomeSon = 400-500rmb Other School Fees Medicine- No Money - Collect Med Herbs Natural Firewood - Half Year - All Day - Since Nature Reserve - More Difficult - Not Enough Medicinal Plants And Mushrooms - Med Plants Only Drinking Water - Not Enough - Collect From Lake Irrigated Water - From San Kua River Natural Disasters - Floods & Hail How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources Don't Know -Sacred Forest - Sacred Mount [Han] - Sacred Trees - None What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban Positive - Reduce Flooding And Erosion Negative - Firewood Availability - Upland Conversion Positive - Highland Conversion And Cash Crop -Tourism Positive - No Positive Impacts Co-Management - Welcome - Happy To Conserve Our Resources -How - We Will Organise It Ourselves [Capacity Building] Historical Events None Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - None Relief - Don't Want To Bother Government External Networks - None Interventions - House Repair [Logging Ban] -Tiles - Fuelwood - Toilet - Pig Pen - Road ________________________________________________________________ Seven

Village - Lu Ja Wan 27.67316 100.81715 Respondent -Man 25 What Minzu Are You- Han [Han Village] Family - 4 Man 25 - Education - None - Skills - None Wife 25 [Yi] - Education - None - Skills - None Son 4 Draughter 2 All Good Health Manpower Male Wife Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - 0 - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs - Piglets - 2 - Chickens - Chicks- 2 - Horse 1 Fuelwood - Pine Needles Housing House 1 And Outhouse 1 House Condition- Leaks - Hole - See Star Implements - Basic Tools - Yes - Plough - No Land 1 Mu 2 Plots - 2km Food Maize - 300km Pots - 500kg Beans - 5kg Soyabeans Kidney Beans Food Deficient - 6 Months

Coping Strategy - Relief From Gov - Relatives Trees Apples - 5 PearVeg Garden .1mu Cash Income300rmb Mushrooms And Herbs - Off-Farm Income Other School Fees Medicine- No Money - Use Medicine Natural Firewood - 1000kg - 1 Time [Tractor] -10km Since Nature Reserve - More Difficult Medicinal Plants And Mushrooms -Yes Collect Pine Needles And Fodder [Farm Land]- Yes Drinking Water - Not Enough - 500m Irrigated Water - San Kua River Natural Disasters - Hail - Flooding - Drought -Pests [No Money] How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources - Don't Know - Sacred Forest - No - Sacred Mountain- Guanying Mountain - Sacred Trees - Walnut In Lu Jia Wan What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban Positive - Reduce Flooding & Erosion Negative -Timber And Firewood Availability - Upland Conversion - Don't Have Any -Tourism Positive - Work Opportunity Co-Management - Welcome - Yes -How - Not Enough Time Historical Events None Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - Relatives And Friends Relief - Local Gov External Networks - None

Interventions - Tiles - House Improvement - Veg - Animal Husbandry - Food ________________________________________________________________ Sat 25th October 2003 Eight Village - Lao Wu Ji 27.68765 100.72929 Respondent - Man 37 What Minzu Are You- Black And White Yi Family - 6 Male 37 - Education - None - Skills- None Wife 38 - Education- None - Skills - None Son 13 10 & 9 - Education - None Daughter 4 Health- Headache - Common Ailments Manpower Man Wife Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - 0 [Borrow] - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs - Piglets -1 - Sheep 2 - Chickens - Chicks- 2 - Horse Housing House 1 And Outhouse 1 House Condition- Leaks - 15 Yrs Old Implements - Basic Tools - Yes

- Plough - Yes 1 Land 6mu Plots 3km Furthest Food Maize Pots - 3000kg + Beans Soyabeans Kidney Beans Buckwheat - 75kg Oats - 20kg Food Deficient - 7 Months Coping Strategy - Make Oars - Bamboo Weaving And Materials - Relief From Gov Trees Apples PearVeg Garden .05mu Not Enough For Home Consumption Cash Income- Mushrooms 100rmb [No Enough For Clothing] Herbs 50rmb Other - Lugu Lake People Donated Clothes School Fees Medicine- No Money -Use Med Herbs Natural Firewood - 1800kg - 2km - 3hrs [1 Day Twice] 20 Days A Month Medicinal Plants 1km Mushrooms - 8km Collect Pine Needles - No Fodder - From Fence And Veg Garden Since Nature Reserve Created - More Difficult - Made Them Poorer Drinking Water - Well 100m - Not Enough [Smaller In Winter] Irrigated Water - None Natural Disasters - Hail - This Yr No Harvest Due To Hail - Pests [No Money] How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources Did Care For Wildlife And Tree - Sacred Forest - No - Sacred Mountain- No - Sacred Trees - No What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban Negative - More Difficult For Fuelwood And House Timbers -

Positive - Reduce Soil Eroision - Upland Conversion Positive- Some Benefit From Gov -Tourism Positive - Market For Crafts And Chickens And Used Clothes For Kids Co-Management - Welcome - Happy -How - You Say We Do -[Capacity Building] Historical Events - 1999 Mother Died .2000 - Father Died Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - Villagers [ No Relatives] Relief - Local Gov 50 Kg Grain External Networks - None Interventions - House Repairs - Tile Roof - Ploughing Cattle - Pigs - Sheep ________________________________________________________________ Nine Village - Lao Wu Ji 27.68754 100.72869 Respondent - Female 58 What Minzu Are You- Yi Family - 2 Mother 58 - Education - No Education - Skills- None - Health - Il From Time To Time [No Money For Doctor] Son 30 - Eduction - Grade 1 Primary [Fees Expensive] - Skills- Agricultural Worker - Health - Good Manpower Mother Son Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - 3 Sub-Families Share 1 Plough

- Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs - Piglets -1 - Sheep 5 [3 Families] Shared - Chickens - Chicks- 3 [Shared By 3] - Horse - Foal 1 - Donkey Housing House 1 And 5 Outhouse [Shared Since 2001] House Condition- Leaks Implements - Agricultural Implements - Yes - Plough - 1 Shared Land 3 Mu 3 Plots Furthest 3km Food Maize Pots - 1000kg Beans Soyabeans Kidney Beans Buckwheat -50 Oats -25 Food Deficient - 7 Months Coping Strategies - Borrow From Relatives - Sell Handcrafts [Bamboo] And Brooms Trees Apples PearPrunus Spp -1- Home Consumption Veg Garden .1 Mu Not Enough For Home Consumption - Collect Wild Veg Cash Income- 200rmb Mushrooms And Herbs Other School Fees Medicine- No Money - Use Herbs Natural Firewood - 1500kg - 2km - Whenever Free - 1 Day Medicinal Plants - 3km

Mushrooms - 1day [2/3 Rmb] Collect Pine Needles - Close Fodder - Garden And Far Away - Half A Day Nature Reserve - Collection More Difficult - Don't Get Punished For Removing Ntfp From Nature Reserve Drinking Water - Enough - 50m Irrigated Water - None Natural Disasters - Flooding Hail How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources - Before Hunting Nationality - Banned - Slash And Burn - 1980 - Sacred Forest - Dk - Sacred Mountain- Dk - Sacred Trees - Dk What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban Negative - More Difficult -House Leaks Positive - No Flooding Or Soil Erosion - Upland Conversion Negative - Reduced Land Positive - Dk - Tourism Positive - Yes Negative - None Co-Management - Welcome - Yes - How - Give Us Money We Will Take Care Of Forest Environment Historical Events - Husband Died 13 Yrs Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - Relatives And Villagers Relief - Food From Gov External Networks - None Interventions - House Repairs - Bed Covers - Animal Husbandry- Pigs - Clothing ________________________________________________________________ Ten Village - Da Ping Zu 27.70790 E 100.73102 Respondent Man 38 What Minzu Are You- Yi

Man 38 - Education - Grade 3 Prim - Skills- Bamboo Until - Health - He Has A Back Pain - Cant Do Any Field Work - Shoulder Pain Stomach Pain Women 42 - Illiterate - Skills - Wool Spinning Son 20 - Eduction - Completed Primary - Skills-Casual Labour In Tibet Son 18 - Education - Completed Primary - Skills - No Daughter 15 - Education - No Schooling - Skills - No Son 8 - Education Grade 1 Zhudi Health- Others In Good Health Manpower Man Woman 2 Sons Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - [Borrows From Relative - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs - 2 - Piglets - Sheep - Chickens - 10 - Chicks- 8 - Horse 1 For Manure - Foal 1 - Donkey Housing House 1 [9 Yrs Old] And 2 Outhouses House Condition- Bad Condition - Leaks Implements - Agricultural Implements - Yes - Plough - 1 Land 4 Mu 4 Plots Furthest 5km Food

Maize Pots - 1000kg Beans Soyabeans Kidney Beans Buckwheat - 100kg Oats - Hail - Very Little - Food Deficient - 5 Months - Coping Strategies - Sell Bamboo To Obtain Cash - Relief From Gov - Sell Mushrooms Trees Apples PearPrunusVeg Garden .1 Mu - Not Enough - May/June Wild Veg [Radish] Cash Income- 250rmb - Bamboo - Herbs - Mushrooms Other School Fees Medicine- No Money - Use Medicines They Collect Natural Firewood - 1500kg - 2km - When Ever He Has Time - Half A Day Medicinal Plants - Km [Whole Day] Mushrooms - 6km [Motataki] Collect Pine Needles - Close Fodder - Farm And Vegetable Garden Nature Reserve Creation - More Difficult - Only Dead Trees Drinking Water - Enough - 250m Irrigated Water - None Natural Disasters - July Buckwheat And Oats Destroyed By Hail - Pests [Use Pesticide] How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources - Felling On Demand And Hunting - Recent Regulation Stopped This - Sacred Forest - Dk - Sacred Mountain- Dk - Sacred Trees - Dk What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban Positive- Soil Erosion Negative- Only Collect Dry Trees - Upland Conversion -2 Mu - No Objection Positive- Subsidy From Gov Negative- 150kg Food Not Enough - Tourism Positive- More Marketing - Chickens - Clothes Negative- No

Co-Management - Welcome - Yes - How - Every Family Should Patrol Forest - [Already Doing This From 1986] Historical Events - No Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - Relatives Friends Villagers Relief - [No Feedback] External Networks - No [Son Too Far Away] Interventions - House Repair - More Livestock - Efficient Stove - Sow - Cow ________________________________________________________________ Dali Institute Of Forest Survey And Planning __________________________________________________ Sunday 26th Oct Eleven Village -Zhudi 27.71968 100.73276 Respondent -Woman 29 What Minzu Are You- Lisu In Han Village Family - 5 Man 32 [Manager] - Education - None - Skills - None - Health - Painful Waist [No Money] Wife 29 - Education - None - Skills - Embroidery - Health- Good Son 6 - Education - Some - Skills - None - Health - Good Daughter 8 [Top Students] - Education - Some - Skills - None - Health - Good Grandmother 60

Manpower Man Women Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - 1 - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs - 5 [Middle Size] - Piglets - Sheep - Chickens - 2 - Chicks- 4 - Horse - Foal - Donkey Housing House 2 [8 And 4 Yrs Old [Inomplete] And 1 Outhouses House Condition- Tiled Roof - Leaks Implements - Agricultural Implements - Yes - Plough - 1 Land 5 Mu 3 Plots Furthest Plot Is 2km Food Maize - 700kg Pots - 1000kg Beans Soyabeans Kidney Beans - 100kg Buckwheat Oats - Food Deficient - 6 Month [Last Year] This Year 4 Months - Coping Strategies - Collect Herbs For Cash - Food Credit Trees Apples - 6 Pear- 4 PrunusWalnut- 1 [Thick Shelled] Peach- 1 Plums - 2 Veg Garden .4 Mu - For Home Consumption

Cash Income400 Rmb - Herbs And Masutaki Other School Fees - Daughters Fees From An Outside Benefactor Medicine- 100rmb - No Money - Borrowed From Relatives Natural Firewood - 5000kg - 6km - Almost Every Day In Winter - 3hours Medicinal Plants - 6km Mushrooms - 6km Collect Pine Needles - 3km Fodder - From Lake Nature Reserve Difficulties - Yes - Especially For Women Drinking Water - Enough - Tap Water In Yard Irrigated Water - Not Enough - Use Tap Water From Yard Natural Disasters - Poor Harvest - Pest [Use Pesticide] How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources [Han} - Treat Wildlife And Environment With Care - Obey Government - Sacred Forest - No - Sacred Mountain- No - Sacred Trees - No What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban Positive- Prevent Flooding And Soil Erosion - Good Environment For Mushrroms Negative- Firewood Collection Difficult - Upland Conversion - None PositiveNegative- Tourism Positive- None Negative- None Co-Management - Welcome - Yes - How - We Are Powerless - Need Government To Take Leading Role - Certificated Access - Train Collectors To Collect Sustainably Historical Events -None Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - Relatives Relief External Networks - Director Of Hospital And Teachers Interventions - House Repair

- Daughters Schooling _______________________________________________________ Twelve [Middle Income] Village -Zhudi 27.71992 100.73394 Respondent - Man 27 What Minzu Are You- Han [Two Bothers Live Together - Elder Brother Family - 10 Father 51 -Education [Grade 3 Primary] -Skills -Carpenter Mother 49 - Education -[Non Educated] - Skills - None Daughter 21 - Education - [Graduated From Middle School Skills - Working Outside] Fam1 Husband 29 -Education - [Graduated From Primary School] - Skills - Capenter Wife 31 - Education - [Non Educated] - Skills - Embroiderey And Knitting Daughter 10 - Education - [Grade 4 Primary] Fam2 Husband 27 - Education - [Graduated From High School] - Skills Tractor Driver Wife 25 - Education - [Illiterate] - Skills - Embroiderey And Knitting Daughter 3 Months Old All Healhy Manpower Father Mother Fam1 Father & Mother Fam2 Father & Mother Physical

Livestock - Ploughing Stock - 1 - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs - 3 - Piglets - 4 - Sheep - Chickens - 6 - Chicks- 6 - Horse - Foal - Donkey Housing House 2 [5 And 10 Yrs Old] And 6 Outhouses House Condition- 5 Yr Old Ok 10 Yr Old Leaks Implements - Agricultural Implements - Yes - Plough - 1 Land 10 Mu 6 Plots - Furthest Is 2km Food Maize - 1200kg Pots - 2000g Beans Soyabeans Kidney Beans - 150kg Buckwheat Oats Food Deficient - 3 Months Average Coping Strategies - Buy From Market Trees Apples - 20 PearPrunusWalnut- 1 Peach- 2 Plums - 1 Veg Garden 0.1 Mu - For Home Consumption Cash Income- 4500rmb - Musutaki - Off-Farm Labour School Fees - 1000 Rmb For Shool And Medicine Medicine-

Natural Firewood - 10000kg - 6km - Almost Every Day For 3 Months - 2 Hours Medicinal Plants - 10km Mushrooms - 3km Collect Pine Needles - Close-By Fodder - From Farm Land Nature Reserve Difficulties - More Difficult For Women - Added Work Load [Double Time] Drinking Water - Enough - Tap In Yard Irrigated Water - Not Enough For Irrigation [Frrom Tap In Yard] Natural Disasters - Last Year - Wind Destroyed Crops - Poor Yield - Maize Never Matured How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources - Han Have Tradition Of Cutting Oak [Naturally Regenerates] And Caring For Wild Animals - Know Of Link Between Felling And Flooding - Sacred Forest - No - Sacred Mountain- No - Sacred Trees - No What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban Positive- Better Environment For Matsutaki - Reduced Soil Erosion And Flooding Negative- Firewood Collect - Labour Load - Upland Conversion - None Here PositiveNegative- Tourism Positive- More Opportunity Of Selling And Ntfp NegativeCo-Management - Welcome - Yes - How - Unfair To Restrict Peoples Access To Nr -Negatively Impacts Livelihoods Some Privilege To Local People Historical Events None Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - Family Network In Village Relief External Networks - Contacts In Yongning - Sister Working Outside Interventions - Reform Agriculture Structure - Green Food - Cash Crops - More Income - Less Damage To Forest - Masutaki Yield Increas - Ecotourism

- Better Infrastructure For Planned Forest Park _______________________________________________________ Thirteen [ Wealthy] Village -Zhudi 27.72000 100.73295 Respondent - Female 37 What Minzu Are You- Han Family - 5 Man 42 - Education - [Middle School] - Skills - Driving And Drawing [Art] - Health - Good Women 37 - Education - [Middle School] - Skills Health - Heart Trouble Son 17 - Education - [Middled Shool] Daughter 19 - Education [Middle School] - Works Away Daughter 14 - Education - [Up To 2nd Grade In Middle School] Manpower Man Women Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - 1 [Fieldwork] - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs - 2 - Piglets - 3 - Sheep - Chickens -8 - Chicks- Horse - 1 [Fuelwood] - Foal - Donkey Housing House 2 [9 And 2 Yrs Old] And 1 Outhouses House Condition- 9 Yr Old - Leaks - 2 Yr Old Ok Implements - Agricultural Implements - Yes - Plough - 1 Land

8 Mu 3 Plots - Furtest 2km Away Food Maize - 500kg Pots - 1000kg Beans - 120kg Soyabeans Kidney Beans Buckwheat Oats Food Deficient - 1-2 Months Coping Strategies - Buy Rice - Borrow From Relatives Trees Apples - 10 Pear- 3 PrunusWalnutPeach- 2 Plums Veg Garden 1.3 Mu Home Consumption - Sometimes Sell For Fees Cash Income3000rmb - Matutaki - Sell Pig Or Chicken - Off-Farm Income School Fees - 1600 Rmb/Yr Medicine- 100 Rmb Natural Firewood - 5000kg - 4km - Almost Every Day For 3 Months - 4 Hours Medicinal Plants - 8km Mushrooms - 4kg Collect Pine Needles - Close-By Fodder - Land Or Zhudi Nature Reserve Difficulties - More Difficult For Women - Added Work Load [Double Time] Drinking Water - Enough - Tap In Yard Irrigated Water - Not Enough - Tap In Yard - Carry Water 3km Natural Disasters - Weather Changed - Poor Yield How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources - Did Not Cut Forest Or Kill Wildlife - Impacts Water Supply - Sacred Forest - No - Sacred Mountain- No - Sacred Trees - No What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban Positive- Mushroom Production

Negative- Firewood Difficult - Upland Conversion - None Here PositiveNegative- Tourism Positive- Created Opportunity For Sales Negative- No Co-Management - Welcome - Yes - No Forest - No Mushrooms - How - Government Regulation - Village Discussion - Certicated Collection Historical Events - Father Died 4 Years Ago Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - Relatives And Friends And Villagers Relief External Networks - Oldest Daughter Interventions - Childrens Education Fee - Income Generation Opportunities ____________________________________________________________ Fourteen Village La Bee Low : 27.73783 100.73641 Respondent- Women 63 What Minzu Are You- Black Yi Family - 3 Woman 63 - Education -No Education - Skills - No - Health- Last Year - Very Ill - Not Recovered Daughter 23 - Education - No Education - Skills- No - Health- Good Grandson 13 - Education - Grade 1 Of Middle Schools - Health- Good Dont Know How Long Her Husband And Son Died [Electric Shock] Daughter Needed To Look After Woman And Grandson Manpower Daughter

Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs - 2 - Piglets - Sheep - Chickens - 1 - Chicks- Horse - Foal - Donkey Housing House 1 [20 Yrs Old +] Outhouses 0 House Condition- Poor - Very Badly Implements - Agricultural Implements - Yes - Plough - 0 Land 1.5 Mu - 3 Plots - Furthest 2km Food Maize - 200kg Pots - 200kg Beans - 40kg Soyabeans Kidney Beans Buckwheat - 50kg Oats Food Deficient - 5 - 6 Months Coping Strategies - Government Relief -Support From Relatives And Villagers Trees Apples - 4 PearPrunusWalnut- 1 PeachPlums Veg Garden Cash Income- .03 Mu For Home Consumption

School Fees - Outside Benefactor Medicine- No Money Natural Firewood - ????? Almost Every Day - 5km - 5hrs+ Medicinal Plants - Dont Collect Mushrooms - 5km Collect Pine Needles - 1km Fodder - From Wetland - 2km Nature Reserve Difficulties - More Dfficult For Women - Womans Workload Inreased Drinking Water - Enough - Tap Water In Har Irrigated Water - Dont Have Irrigated Land Disasters - Pig Plague How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources - Hunting People [Dependent] Dont Kill Eagle Because Its Our Ancestor - Sacred Forest - Dk - Sacred Mountain- Dk - Sacred Trees - Dk What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban Positive- Reduce Flooding And Erosion Negative- Firewood Collection - House Material - Upland Conversion - None Here PositiveNegative- Tourism PositiveNegative- No Opportunities To Benefit Co-Management - Welcome - Yes - How - Dont Know [Capacity Building] Historical Events None - 2002 & 2003 All Stock Died Due To Plague Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - Villagers Relief - Cant Receive Relief Because This Area No Longer A Poverty Area Due To Ls External Networks - None Interventions - House Repair - Tiles - Animals - Clothes - Food

_______________________________________________________ Fifteen Village Zhudi [Mosuo] - 27.72781 100.72904 Respondent- Woman 41 What Minzu Are You- Mosuo Family 3 + Woman 41 - Education -No Education - Skills - No - Health- Not Good + Daughter 17 - Education - No Education - Skills- No - Health- Good + Son 13 - Education - Primary 4th Grade - Skills-No - Health- Skin Disease Manpower Mother And Daughter Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs - 1 [Sow] - Piglets - 5 - Sheep - Chickens - 5 - Chicks- Horse - 1 [Fuelwood] - Foal - Donkey Housing House 2 [10 Yrs Old ] Outhouses 2 House Condition- Poor - Leaks Very Badly Implements - Agricultural Implements - Yes - Plough - 0 Land 7mu - 7 Plots - Furthest Is 2km Food

Maize [Baogu] - 250kg Pots - 500kg Beans - 15kg Soyabeans Kidney Beans Buckwheat Oats Food Deficient - 5 Months Coping Strategies - Buying Food And Borrowing Trees Apples Pear- 1 PrunusWalnutPeachPlums - 1 Veg Garden .02 Mu For Home Consumption Cash Income- .800rmb From Mushrooms - Daughters Job Temp School Fees - No Money Medicine- No Money Natural Firewood - 4000kg - Whenever Time - 4km - 3hrs Medicinal Plants - 4km Mushrooms - 4km [All Day To Collect For Only 5rmb] Collect Pine Needles - 2km Fodder - Summer - Own Land - Winter Lake Nature Reserve Difficulties - More Dfficult For Women - Womans Workload Increased [Three Times As Long] Drinking Water - Enough - Tap Water In Yard [Temp Shortages - Carries From Lake For Animals - Well For People- 500m] Irrigated Water - Borrows Irrigation Machine Disasters - Last Year - Serious Hail Storm - Flooding How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources No Special Ways Of Looking After Forest Or Animals - Sacred Forest - Sacred Mountain- Sacred Trees - Yes - Near - No One Can Cut It - Near Well Wenchuan - One Daba [Only 2 Or 3 In Ninglang - Xiao Ls] - Student Lama Here What Was The Impact Of

- The Logging Ban Positive- More Beautiful - Creates A Better Environment For Mushrooms Negative- Firewood Availabilty - Distance - Upland Conversion - None Here Positive- Walnut Tree Production [Return Food If 80% Die]- Afraid Negative- Tourism Positive-Relative In Ls Who Can Help NegativeCo-Management - Welcome - Yes - How - Plant Trees And Grass - More Mushrooms - More Income And Protect Forest Historical Events - Her Husband Died Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - Borrow From Relatives Or Villagers Relief - From Government - Somtimes External Networks - No Interventions - House Repairs - Plough - Ploughing Animal - Education Fee - Medicine Fee [For Skin Disease] _______________________________________________________ 28th Sixteen Village San Jia Cun 27.67265 100.77416 Respondent- Man What Minzu Are You- Han Family 5 + Man 64 - Education -No Education - Skills - No - Health- Not Good + Women 64 - Education - No Education - Skills- No - Health- Goitre - Arthritus + Son 37 - Education - Up To Grade 5 Primary School - Skills-No

- Health- Suffers From Artgritus + Son 25 - Education - No Education - Skills-None - Health- Arthritus Manpower All 4 Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - 1 - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs - 7 - Piglets - 5 - Sheep - Chickens - 3 - Chicks- 7 - Horse - Foal - Donkey Housing House 2 [15 And 3 ] Outhouses 2 House Condition- 15 Yr [Wooded] - Leaks 3yr [Tiles]- Little Leaks Implements - Agricultural Implements - Yes - Plough - 1 Land 10 Mu - 9 Plots - Furthest Is 500m Food Maize [Baogu] - 1500kg Potatoes - 1000kg Beans - 150kg Soyabeans Kidney Beans Buckwheat Oats Food Deficient - 3 Months Coping Strategies - Borrow From Neighbours Trees Apples - 6 Pear- 4 [Fruitless] Young Prunus-

WalnutPeachPlums Chinese Pepper - 20 Veg Garden .1 Mu For Home Consumption Cash Income- 200 Rmb School Fees Medicine- Cant Afford - Medicinal Herbs Natural Firewood - 3000kg - 3km - 60 Days/Yr - 3hrs Medicinal Plants - Near-By Mushrooms - Dont Collect Collect Pine Needles - 2km Average Fodder - Any Land Near-By Nature Reserve Difficulties - More Difficult To Collect Ntfp For Women - Womans Workload Increased [Two-Three Times As Long] Drinking Water - Not Enough - From Tap In Yard [In Winter From 200m Away] Irrigated Water - Not Enough - 2.5km Disasters - Pest [No Money] How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources Childhood - Killed Animals For Fun - Follow Quota - Sacred Forest - Fun Pin Za - Sacred Mountain - Fun Pin Za [Grave Yard]* - Sacred Trees * Local Custom What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban Positive- Good For Next Generation Negative- Fuelwood Shortage - Upland Conversion - None PositiveNegative- Tourism Positive- Son Employed In Ls Negative- Ls Prevents Them From Having Tourism Co-Management - Welcome - Yes - How - Alternative Energy Lake - Traditional Management - During The Commune Period There Were Regulations Zoned - Could Not Fish For Big Fish - Use - Fishing - Collect Weeds For Fodder [Illegal]

- Conflict - No Conflict - Recent Impact On Lugu Lake Positive - Nr Creation Forest Better Negative - Water Quality Poor And Some Native Extinct - Since Tourism Historical Events None Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - No Help Relief - No Help External Networks - No Help Needs - House Care - Due To Logging Ban - Fuelwood Shortage - Lack Of Manure - Basic Agricultural Tools?

- Medical Care - No Barefooted Doctor In Village Localimmigrants [===] - Retired Fishery Workers _______________________________________________________ Cable Car In Xiao Luoshui - Sacred Mountain [Lion] - Erosion - Negatively Impact Culture __________________________________________________ Budget Greenhouse 800000 10% Training 90% Infrastructure - Community Nurseries - Trees [From Outside] - Site Prep - Medicinal Plant Seed _______________________________________________________ 28th Seventeen Village San Jia Cun 27.66410 100.78282 Respondent- Female What Minzu Are You- Han Family 3 [Mother Son Daughter-In- Law, Granddaughter + Female 63 - Education -No Education - Skills - No - Health- Not Good + Son 23

- Education - No Education - Skills- No - Health- Good + Sons Wife 21 - Education -Graduated Fromprimary School - Skills- No - Health- Good + Grand- Daughter 2 Manpower Son And Daughter Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - 1 - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs - Piglets - 1 - Sheep - Chickens - Chicks- 2 - Horse - Foal - Donkey Housing House 2 [ 3 Yrs And 1yr ] Outhouses 2 House Condition- 3yr And 1 Yr Old - Tiled But Leak Implements - Agricultural Implements - Not Enough - Plough - 1 [Share] Land 3.5 In 3 Plots - The Furthest Is 500m Away Food Maize [Baogu] - 250kg Potatoes - 100 Kg Beans - 50 Kg Soyabeans Kidney Beans Buckwheat Oats Food Deficient - 3 Months Coping Strategies - Buy Food Or Borrow Trees Apples -

PearPrunusWalnutPeachPlums Chinese Pepper Veg Garden None - No Money For Labour Cash Income- 500 Rmb - Rowing And Fishing School Fees Medicine- 200 Rmb Natural Firewood - 1000kg - 2.5km - 60days - 1.5hrs Medicinal Plants - Dont Collect Mushrooms - Dont Collect Collect Pine Needles - 2km Fodder - Farming Land Nature Reserve Difficulties - More Difficult To Collect Ntfp For Women - Womans Workload Increased [Two-Three Times As Long] Drinking Water - Not Enough - Tap In Yard - From 200m Irrigated Water - Carry Water If Need To Disasters - Pests [Not Enough Money] And Drought How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources Did Not Kill Animals Or Trees - Maintain For Next Generation - Sacred Forest - Fun Pin Za - Sacred Mountain - Fun Pin Za [Grave Yard]* - Sacred Trees * Local Custom What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban PositiveNegative- Fuelwood Availability - Upland Conversion - No PositiveNegative- Tourism Positive- Son Works In Ls [Rowing] Negative- Conflict With Ls Over Tourism - Prevent Tourism Co-Management - Welcome - Yes - How Lake - Traditional Management - No Regulation Before - What Do You Use Lake For - Fishing - Weeds -

- Conflict - No - Recent Impact On Lugu Lake Positive Negative - Son Punished For Illegal Logging Historical Events None Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - Relatives- Friends- Villagers Relief - No Help - Borrow From Bank After Earthquake External Networks - Eldest Son In Primary School In Yongning County Needs - House Repair - Grinder Owes 20000 To Bank - Threaten Her With Re-Posession __________________________________________________ 28th Female Group: San Jia Cun 27.66417 100.78282 - All Illiterate - Cant Support 3 Children In School - Husband Died In Accident - No Earthquake Relief In Village - Herbal Medicine - Serious Problem - Borrow Money - Catch Cold Never Go To Hospital - Suffer Womens Disease - No Basic Health Training Courses For Women One Received Some Education Educated Women Pass On Info To Uneducated Needs - Seed Money For Small Project - Co-Trust Fund - Rowing Boat - Fuelwood Collection - Housework Confident Enough To Do Project - Women With Experience In Animal Husbandry And Chicken Raising - Veg Raising - Need Training And Irrigation System __________________________________________________ 28th Eighteen Village Upper Luoshui 27.68069 100.76732

Respondent- Grandmother What Minzu Are You- Pumi Marriage Customs The Same As Mosuo Family 5 + Female 79 - Education - No - Skills - Weaving Linen - Health- Good + Eldest Brother 45 - Education - Skills- Part Time Carpenter - Health- Good + Sister 36 - Education - No - Skills- No - Health- Good + Sister 34 - Education - No - Skills- No - Health- Good + 2nd Sisters Son - Education - Grade 3 Prim - Skills- No - Health- Good Manpower 3 People Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - 1 - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs - 3 - Piglets -5 - Sheep - Chickens - 5 - Chicks- Horse - 1 - Foal - Donkey Housing House 2 [ 30 Yrs ] Outhouses 1 House Condition- 25 Percent Tile/ Wooden Roofs - Leak Implements - Agricultural Implements - Yes - Plough - 1

Land 7mu In 7 Plots - Furthest Is 5km Away Food Maize [Baogu] - 1000kg Potatoes - 1500kg Beans - 50kg Soyabeans Kidney Beans Buckwheat Oats Food Deficient - 4-5 Months [Humans And Animals] Coping Strategies - Buy Rice Trees Apples - 10 [No Fruit] Pear- 3 PrunusWalnut- 3 Good Fruit PeachPlums Chinese Pepper Veg Garden .9 Mu For Home Consumption Cash Income- 15000 Rmb From Rowing [5000 Net] School Fees Medicine- 3500 For Doctor Grandma Natural Firewood - 10000 - Buy It Medicinal Plants - No Mushrooms - Half Day Collect Pine Needles - 500m Fodder - From Own Land Nature Reserve Difficulties - Yes Especially For Firewood For Women - No Difference [Buy Firewood] Drinking Water - Enough From Tap In Yard Irrigated Water - Not Enough In Spring Disasters - Flooding How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources Pumi Culture - Conserve Forest Well - Before Good Forest Cover - After Liberation Degraded - If You Kill Wild Animals Misfortune Will - Sacred Forest - Old Days Sacred Forest

- Sacred Mountain - Zut Say - Cant Break Branches - Sacred Trees - Old Days Sacred Trees - Fir - Sacred Animals Old Times - If Someone Fells Tree - Village Will Force Him To Butcher A Ploughing Animal And All The Village Will Eat - Or Go To Lama - If Big Mistake Cant Forgive - Han - Way [Daba] Hanway Has Education - Pursecuted [Muli Hanway School] - Old Days Go To Hanway Or Lama [ Look Up Hanway ] What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban Positive- Red Flooding Drought [2 Decade Ago Logging Flooding And Drought] Negative- Firewood Availability - Upland Conversion - No PositiveNegative- Tourism Positive- Opportunity To Make Money = Rowing Negative- Because Lack Education Cant Exploit Advantages Co-Management - Welcome - Happy - How - All Should Be Involved In Active Participation Lake - Traditional Management - Customs - Zoned Fishing By Family - Small Catch - More Weeds And Fish - Today Regulation - What Do You Use Lake For - Fishing - Conflict With Other People Or Sichuan- Conflict With Sichuan - In 1992 - Began To Develop Tourism On Islands - Sihuan People Destroyed Sites - Fought With Sichuan People - Tourism Impacts On Lugu Lake Positive - Income OpportunityNegative - Environmental Damage Not Culturally Threatened [Tourist Demand For Mosuo] - Sacred - Yes - Tai An Yang Soo - Female Historical Events Grandmothers Illness Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - Relatives Friends Villagers Relief External Networks - Some Connections With Muli Pumi [Tibetan] [ Lc -Help Between Other Pumi With House Building] Needs

- House Repair - Tourism Plan - Environmental Conservation And Beauty - Pumi And Han Tourism Facilities - Invest Income From Tourism In Nature Conservation [ Pumi - Marginalised From Tourism] [ Income - Entrance Fee And Hotel Fee] __________________________________________________ 28th Ninteen Village Upper Luoshui 27.68129 100.7664 Respondent- Man What Minzu Are You- Pumi Family 5 + Mother 53 - Education - Grade 1 During Cr - Skills - Embroidery - Health- Good Health + Father 59 - Education - Self-Study Outside - Skills- Carpenter - Health- Good + Brother 32 - Education - Completed Primary School Education - Skills- Rowing And Horse Riding Dancing - Health- Good + Man 27 [Wife Not Included In Family] - Education - Completed Primary School - Skills- Flute Player - Health- Good + Sister 25 - Education - Up To Grade 2 In Primary School - Skills- Embriodery - Health- Good Manpower 5 Physical Livestock - Ploughing Stock - 2 - Fem Cow - Fem Calf - Pigs - 8 - Piglets - 10 - Sheep - Chickens - 10 - Chicks- Horse - 1 [Fuelwood And Horseriding For Tourism

-- Foal - Donkey Housing House 3 And A Hotel [1 Year] By Lake [2 X 30 Yrs/1] Outhouses 2 House Condition- 30yr [Wood - Leak] 10yr [ Tiles ] 1yr [Tiles ] Hotel [Inomplete] Implements - Agricultural Implements - Yes - Plough - 1 Land 4 Mu In 6 Plots - The Furthest Is 500m Away Food Maize [Baogu] - 500kg Potatoes - 1000kg Beans - 100kg Soyabeans Kidney Beans Buckwheat Oats Food Deficient - 5 Months Coping Strategies - Buy Rice Trees Apples - 8 Pear- 1 PrunusWalnut- 1 Dead [300 Yrs Old] - Sacred -Apa Lisa [Lama] PeachPlums Chinese Pepper - 1 Grape Vine - 2 Veg Garden .1 Mu For Home Consumption Cash Income- 6000rmb From Rowing Horse-Riding Dancing Flute School Fees MedicineNatural Firewood - 2500 Kg - 50km By Truck - 4 Times A Year Medicinal Plants - 75 Km Mushrooms - 5km For Own Consumption Collect Pine Needles - 5km Fodder - From Own Fields Nature Reserve Difficulties - Yes

Playing

For Women - More Difficult - 2 Times Drinking Water - Enough From Tap In Yard Irrigated Water - None Disasters - No How Did You Traditionally Take Care Of Natural Resources If Its Sacred No One An Destroy It - Sacred Forest - Jut Say - Sacred Mountain - Jut Say - Sacred Trees - Walnut - Sacred Animals - Dog And Cat - Symbols Of Good Luck - Bird Magpie Brings Good Luck What Was The Impact Of - The Logging Ban Positive- Reduces Soil Erosion Negative- Fuelwood Difficulty - Upland Conversion - No PositiveNegative- Tourism Positive- Inome Negative- Modern Culture Impacted Local Culture - Not Specifically Pumi Culture Co-Management - Welcome - Yes - How Should It Be Done - Protect Mosuo And Pumi Culture And Lifestyle Lake - Traditional Management - Childhood - If You Destroy [Polute] Lake Receive Punishment From God - What Do You Use Lake For - Tourism - Conflict With Other People Or Sichuan- No - Tourism Impacts On Lugu Lake Positive - Income Negative - Rubbish In Or Near Lake - Sacred - Yes - Goddess Gammu Cried - Mother Lake [She-La-Me] Historical Events Elder Brother Injured Ploughing Social If There Is A Family Crisis Who Do You Go To Village - Relatives Villagers Friends Relief - No External Networks - No Needs - Due To Accident -

_____________ Co-Management Institution Ppmo City Pmo --- County Admin Village Committee Tourism - Nrb [County Forestry B] Township Gov Fishery16 Sub Villages - Co- Management 6 Members 2 Members To Ad Vill = 32 + 2 2 Year Term 6 In Ad Vill Working Group List Criteria For Selection Of Sub Committes - Include Kinship And Religious Leaders ============== Purpose - Org Resources Management - Carry Out Yedp Duties Activities - Org Themselves - Promote Collective [Community] Development [Not Just Family] - Awareness Raising In Luoshui - From Local Funding --------Village Groups - Set Up Co-Man Community - Set Up Cd And Service Company - Organise Road Maintenance And Waste Collection Activities - 4 By 1 Biogas - Greenhouses - 3 By 1 Biogas ------- Community Forestry Plots - Community Nurseries - Tree Planting Around Houses And Streams - Live Fencing - Prickly Ash And Qinciquo - Cf And Nursery Management - Nr Co-Management

- Credit Funds - City Gov - State - Local People Strongly Support Fodder Requirements For Pigs - Tree Species Organisation ========================== Admin Village - Follow Rich Village Outside [Eastern Special Economic Zones Collective Villages] =========================== In Report -Ethnicity - Indigenous Resource Management - High Altitude Forestry - Natural Resource Management - Agriculture - Ecotourism - Logging Ban Impact - Upland Conversion Impact ================== Annexe - Forestry - Ethnicity =========== Gender Nov 1 Pmo Arrive Nov 2 Pmo Return Nov 3 Report Back Feedback Nov 4 Round Lake Nov 5 Go Back To Lijiang Narrative Summary - Goal - To Satisfy The Pmo Pis - Purpose - Outputs - Activities Co- Management Committee Re Dev Ag Struc Reform Community Sl Cb Env Awareness

Verifiable Indicators - Goal - Purpose - Outputs - Activities Input - Yedp Rmb Lg Rmb Tech Support Av Leaders Time Lg Agenies -[See Annex] Outputs- Money Spent - Gov Documentation -Pmo Half Yr Report [See Annex Indicators] Means Of Verification - Goal - Purpose - Outputs Report Submitted Money Seb - Activities Risks Ans - Goal - Purpose - Outputs - Activities ========================== Firewood Rich= 1.25 M3 Middle= 0.83 M3 ========================= 1st Nov Self-Esteem Rich Help The Poor Promote Capacity Buiding From Beginning Set Up Demonstration - Spread To Other Familes/Villages Engage Community Nine Agencies - Better Working Coordination Eg Community Land-Use Or Tourism ==================== Mr Wu Ching Ji From The Introduction - Suggestions From Pao -- Pilot Locations - Unique -- Dont Want To Be Against This - Concern Over Management - Lower Agencies Are Implementing Agencies - Important To Clarify Role Of Each Level From The Beginning Cpmo Design - Who Will Coordinate - Smooth Management - Responsibility Needs Clarification Interventions - Food Security Is Critical - Clothing And Housing

- Improve Basic Infrastructure In Order To Improve Food - Collective Economy In Environmental Process - How Pov. Red. Can Reach Poor Houses - Targetting - Budget - Special Fund For Poverty Reduction - Have To Follow Regs. Target The Poor . =============== Evolution Of Project - Historical Reasons Why Cpmo Is In Yepb - Made A Lot Of Effort With This Project - Consider Local Ability - Cpmo An Play A Role - Agree The Need For Participation One Dept Needs To Lead ================== City Government Thanks Pay Attention To Project - Broad Coverage Pilot Project - To Promote - Must Succeed - Follow Instruction From Above Ninglang - Labour Input - Equivalent To 200.000 Cpg - 200,000 Counterpart Funding - For 2 Yrs ===========================\ According Poverty All Management Yedp Onjectives 1.4 Cd Service - Promote Shareholder Service For Cd - Purpose Of Company - Non-Profit Supported By Ydep Funding - Market Potential - 70 % Imported - Rich Household As Driving Force - Rich Only Think Of Themselves ?? How Many Shares From Por Households 2 Rural Energy 2.1 Biogas [4 In 1] In 13 Nv Colletive Use - Pilot - Demonstration - Cant Say Which House - Up To 8 Hh In Summer Needy Hh Technical - 10m Not Sufficient For 6 Hh - 3 Fold Decrease In Winter - Training Is Important - No Collective Use In Yunnan - Management And Technical - Ditto - Pigs And Greenhouse - Household Based 2.2 Biogas - 3 In 1 = 37 Hh Ok 2.2 Sostock Lar Water ??

2.3 Training In Biogas - No Service Charge -Under Cb 3. Ag Prod 3.1 Greenhouse - Problem If Colletivee 3.2 Livestock - Problem If Collective - Not All Pigs 3.3 Feed For Livestock 3.4 Livestock Breeding - Clarified - Hh Benefits Dfid - Pov And Ee - Modest - Replicable - Not Duplicate - Innovative - Interven - Well Argued And Cohesive 3.5 Hy Crops - Budget High 4 - Clarification 4.1 And 4.2 - Water Supply - Whih Part - What Equipment 4.3 Collective Economy - Food Processing 4.8 Credit Funds - Follow Up With Micro Credit Workshop

5 Ccb - No Comment - Yr 2003 - Can Apply Total Cost - Training Hh - Budget High Per Person 5.3 Ch Post - Facilities And Equipment 6 Env 6.1 Equip Specified Contingencies - Dfid ? Speified General Comments - Gov Capaity Building - Instit - New Activities Required For Funding - Consider Risk On Individual Hh - Sd - Risk Assessment - Risk Is High Eco-Tourism ================ Counterpart Funds - Specific - Infrastructure - Water - Electricity - Roads Ag - Improve Seed Varietie Animal Husbandry And Livestock Econ Trees Or Crops Rural Energy [With Env Prot] Instit Cb - Training Ok Consolidate Condit Of Hh - Food Seurity - Income - Energy And Env Protection Cb Of Farmers - Ed And Health ========= Format - Total - Dfid ========= Activities Those Involved Timeframe Indicators With Stakeholders Tomorrow == 2nd Nov Logical Framework Community-Based Indicator Risks And Assumptions At Hh Acctivities Matrix Process Of Documentation Policy Analysis - Nr And Tourism Funding Gender And Ethnicity Mainstreaming Background Folder For Interested Readers Narrative Is Important - To Highlight Specifics Of Ninglang Policy Analysis Activities

========== Dont Rely On Labour Equiv To Counterpart Funding From County ===== Tourism /Beefing Up - Promote Community Based Pro-Poor Tourism - Poor Cannot Easily Exploit Tourism - Struggling With Basic Needs - Build Capacity - First Access Before Tourism???

Recoft Do Training In Commmunity Tourism Ethnic Coping Strategies Very Similar - Needs To Be Picked Up On In The Report Mosuo - No Wuba - State Help - Social Capital Very Strong Among Mosuo Report - Include Firewood Send Baclground Ethnicity Andpresentation Notes To Andy Mcnab Pinus - 15-20 0.08 Rmb Chestnut .3 - .4 Walnut .4 - .6 ======== 3rd Nov [Report By 7th] Andy Mcnab -Report Writing - Relate To Typology - Pilot Themes And Prica - Context Of Ninglang - Ros's Work Overall - Report - Tell A Story - Logical Arguement Why We Have Come To Interventions Livelihoods Approach And Consultation Process Iterative Process - Listened - Understood - Reflected - Led To Interventions Output - Real Benefits To Poor And Environent Draw Out In Conclusions Benefits For Poor Benefits For Environment Learn About And Influence Policies - Poverty And The Environment - Feed Pis Integrate Policy On Poverty And Environment Policies On - Nature Reserves And Tourism Development Implementation Of Pp [Management Is Difficult] - Say Whats Most Appropriate - Arrangements For Local Pmo - Role Of This Team

What Is Your Entry Point To Practically Make Things Work 5 Phrases - Added-Value - How Are We Doing Something More - Targetting - Not Just Bringing General Benefit - Gender - How Have We Insured We Have Understood - Reflected In Interven - Ethnicity - Understanding Influenced Proposals - Replication - Model For Nr Management - Without Int Input - Sustainable - Intervention Should Be Sus ======== Pmo - Needs Approp Structure - City Can Help - Struct Must Include Yepb - Members Time In Pilot Site Challenge - Cpmo Supervised By ======== = City - Task Allocation = County - Executors No Experience With This Model With Int Proj - Need Support From Rel Gov Agencies [Need Capacity Building] - Cb Req For Pmo Members [Build On Local Peoples Capacity] 50 Yrs Of Top-Down Management - Int Input And Bottom-Up - Challenge 2 Timetable Nothing Changed - Full Draft By 7th [Owned By Local Stakeholders] - Andy In Pmo - Make Yourself Available On Request - Submission For Dfid 14th Nov Submit To Andy Can Simon Stay On For 2 More Days ?

Will Email Work ?

Queries Rather Than Editing 3 - Log Framework [Pilot Selection Report?]

- Purpose - Nrm And Tourism Policy Enhance Ethnicity And Ik In What Unpack Purpose 1 2 3 Bring Tourism Into Purpose Objectives ----> Activities Outputs [Are Outcomes] Need To Verify Indicators - Goods - Risks Into Log Frame Yang, Ding And Xiong - Management - Thought About Structure - During Training - 4 Staff Join City Pmo - City Pmo Member In Luoshui

Serverity Of Poverty In The 9 Natural Villages Ninglang Is A Poverty County Its A Remote Area - High Cost Of Transport - Budget - Provide Equivalent Of Budget Comprehensive And Integrated Separate Budget - Labour Equival ============= Feedback With Nvl - Sec - Different From Other Projects - Different Levels - Lugu Lake Pollution - Tree Cutting - Implementation - Good That Project Comes Here They Will Try Their Best - Gender Training -Ethnic Area - Difficult To Get Help- Thing About What Is Good - Houses - Ss Biogas Before - Waste Is A Difficult Problem Luoshui Pollution Has Spread To Lige - Housing Not Planned - Hotels No Planned Lugu Will Be Polluted - How To Manage It Mountain Must Be Protected And Trees - Use Big Biogas Units - Gov Should Build Good Road [Like Sichuan] - Need Tehnnical Input And Info - Eg Raddish - Rich Should Help The Poor Laowuji Zhudi Xiaoluoshu ======== Act Start Stake Res 1.1 1.2 1.3

Ben

Ind

Activity Stakeholders Responsibility Who Benefits Risks Indicators ============== 4th Nov Governing Policies Key Policies -Upland Conversion -Logging Ban [Nfpp] -Nature Reserve -Tourism Plan What Can We Learned Or Demonstrated From Pilot 3.2 Activities Narrative ========= Nov 5th 500 Yrs Ago - Ningland - Plague - Many People Died One Man Saved A Deer - Put Special Tea [Luo Han Cao] Down - Only People Who

Drank Tea Survived In Mixed Pinus Yunnanensis And Quercus Panossa Forest Good For Sore Throats ======== Alnus Hippoensis War Jay De Shufu - I Feel Comfortable ============= Mu Da Me = I Love You [Mosuo] Sha Chu = Get Off Tsu Fay = Chu Fan [Chengdu] Lyang New = Beautiful Girl