PLACE OF ARTICULATION
DrRD
Week 3 & 4 1
Voiceless: When the vocal folds are spread apart, the air from the lungs passes between them without obstruction. Sounds such as S-S-S-S or F-F-FF are voiceless. Place a fingertip gently on the top of Adam’s apple, produce ZZZ or VVV, should feel some vibration.
DrRD
Week 3 & 4
2
Voiced: When the vocal folds are drawn together, the air from the lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as it passes through, creating a vibration effect. Sounds such as Z-Z-Z-Z or V-V-V-V. Fingertips in the same position, should feel no vibration.
DrRD
Week 3 & 4
3
ď‚Ą
ď‚Ą
The point where a sound is produced is referred to as its place of articulation. Symbols are enclosed with square brackets [ ]
DrRD
Week 3 & 4
4
Refer to points at which the flow of air can be modified as places of articulation. 1. the space between the vocal cords is referred to as the GLOTTIS, the sound produced at this place of articulation as GLOTTAL sounds.
DrRD
Week 3 & 4
5
These are sounds formed using both upper and lower lips. The initial sounds in the words pat, bat, way and mat are all bilabials. They are represented by the symbols [p] [b] [m] and [w].
DrRD
Week 3 & 4
6
These are sounds formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip. The initial sounds of the words fit, fat and vat and the final sounds of safe and save are labiodentals. Symbols are [f] [v]. The final sound in the word cough, and the initial sound in photo, despite the spelling differences, are both pronounced as [f].
DrRD
Week 3 & 4
7
These sounds are formed between the tip of the tongue and the upper teeth. The initial sound of thin and the final sound of bath are both dentals. The symbol used for these sounds are [θ], [ð], e.g the, there, then &thus
DrRD
Week 3 & 4
8
These are sounds formed with the blade or tip of the tongue and the alveolar ridge (Ar). AR is the rough, bony ridge immediately behind and above the upper teeth. The initial sounds in top, dip, sit, zoo, nut, lap, lit, and right are all alveolars. The symbols are– [t], [d], [s], [z], [n] [l] [r]
DrRD
Week 3 & 4
9
Sounds produced between the blade of the tongue and the palatoalveolar region . The initial sounds in the words shout and child. [ʃ] [ʧ]. So, the word shoe-brush begins and ends with the palatal sound [ʃ] and the word church begins and ends with the palatal sound [ʧ].
DrRD
Week 3 & 4
10
ď‚Ą
Sounds produced between the front of the tongue and the hard palate are called palatal sounds.
ď‚Ą
Eg. First sound in YES
DrRD
Week 3 & 4
11
Sounds produced with the back of the tongue against the velum are called velars. Represented by the symbol [k], [g] and [ŋ] kid, kill go, gun, give, sing and ringing also the initial sound in car and cold. Despite the variety in spelling, this [k] sound is both then initial and final sound in the words cook, kick and coke. DrRD
Week 3 & 4
12
DrRD
Week 3 & 4
13