‘ike loa the hawaiian value of learning. to know well. to seek knowledge and wisdom.
MUSEUM OF VOLCANOLOGY THAT EXHIBITS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS IN ORDER TO HELP PEOPLE UNDERSTAND THE ENVIRONMENT AS NATIVE HAWAIIANS.
K I M B E R LY A L G A R M E advisor : john defazio
RISE OF SOCIAL FEAR
DECLINE IN AIR QUALITY
KAUAI
KOHALA
992,605
1.428 MILLION
2016 OAHU POPUL ATION
2016 STATE POPUL ATION
MAUNA KEA
OAHU
HULALAI
EARLIEST WRITTEN DOCUMENTATION OF ACTIVITY
MOLOKAI
H E A LT H R I S K S
MAUNA LOA KILAUEA
1820
MAUI
eye , nose , throat + skin irritation
11
coughing + phlegm
MOST DESTRUCTIVE ERUPTION PERIOD
che st tightne ss + shortne ss of breath
fatigue + diz zine ss 4,190 FT
1983
6
MI
LE
NORTHEAST TRADEWINDS
length of stay (DAYS)
pppd ($)
islands visited
2018
8.7
2018
2017
8.6
2017
197.8
2016
8.7
2016
196.4
2015
8.8
2015
2014
8.8
2014
2013
8.9
2013
193.1
187.1
204,000 other 49% islands oahu
197.5
august tourism statistic s
S
OVER 60 RECORDED ERUPTIONS
c a n l e a d t o l o n g -t e r m i r r i tat i o n
2018
6 0 0 HOMES DESTRYED . 4 MILES PER HOUR LAVA SHOOTS 2 5 0 FEET INTO THE AIR CALDERA DIAMETER EXPANDS FROM . 5 TO 2 MILES ASH PLUME 3 0 , 0 0 0 FEET INTO THE AIR 8 SQUARE MILES COVERED BY LAVA 5 . 5 MAGNITUDE EARTHQUAKE 4 L AVA FLOWS REACH WATER 2 4 fissure vents OVER
LAVA FLOWS
how can architecture reframe volcanoe s as a means of creation rather than de struction?
KONA WINDS
HAWAII
+
SUNLIGHT + OXYGEN + ATMOSPHERIC GASE S
“
Hawaii tourism industry sets records for sixth consecutive year
”
visitor spending
VOLCANIC SMOG SULFER DIOXIDE
$1.96 billion
$16.8 billion
d a m a g e t o a p e r s o n ’ s n a s a l pa s s a g e s , t h r o at, + even lungs + breathing tube s
jobs supported state wide
generated ta x revenue
193.0
increased suscep tibilit y to re spiratory ailments
1990
BEGINNING OF CONTINUOUS ERUPTION
70% OAHU
A NEED TO REDIRECT AT TENTION TO ENVIRONMENT
9,382,986 oahu
visitors
tourist de stinations
HAZY AIR POLLUTION
S I M I L A R T O S U L F U R O U S C O A L- B U R N I N G P O W E R P L A N T S C ONTAINS water vapor , carbon dioxide , + sulfur dioxide hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen fluoride, + carbon monoxide
how can architecture reframe buildings as a method of remediation of the environment instead of a c onsumer of natural resources?
how can architecture enhance the appeal of nature instead of take at tention from it ?
he ri CU tage LT HIS URE TO RY
STROMBOLIAN
VULCANIAN
LAVA FLUIDITY + EXPLOSIVITY
PELEAN
PLINIAN
CALDERA VOLCANO
FISSURE VENT
LAVA FLUIDITY + EXPLOSIVITY
SHIELD VOLCANO
STROMBOLIAN
VULCANIAN
PELEAN
PLINIAN
STRATOVOLCANO ERUP TION T YPE S
FLUID LAVA FLOW
VISCOUS LAVA FLOW
VISCOUS LAVA FLOW
COOLED LAVA
COOLED LAVA
VOLCANIC GAS
public health respiratory issues biophiliA VOLCANIC SMOG limit footprint A air quality REMEDIATE breathable skin SMOKE air filtration
VOLCANIC GAS
VOLCANIC ASH
VOLCANIC ASH
VOLCANIC STRUCTURE
VOLCANIC STRUCTURE
imm erse
CORAL REEF + SEDIMENTS
FORMATION PROCE SS
CINDER CONE LAVA FLOW
CINDER CONE
TEPHRA CONE
REEF
TUFF CONE
LAGOON SAND ISLAND
WAVE ERODED SURFACE
atoll
l ate seamount
a
ct
energy ABUNDANT NUTRIENTS paradise creation DESTRUCTION SERENITY TSUNAMIS SOCIAL fear BIODIVERSITY EARTHQUAKES endangered species stigma LAVA STRIKING landscape semiotics CUISINE POWERFUL CYCLICAL natural phenomena vibrant
STRATOVOLCANO ERUP TION T YPE S FLUID LAVA FLOW
underst and
TOURISTS
LIT Y
POLLUTION
flowing lava rock ERRUPTIONS
volcanoES
SHIELD VOLCANO
QUA
CREATED BY
archipelago
residents
FISSURE VENT
VOLCANIC TYPES
LOCAL DESTINATION TOURIST ATTRACTION ECO-TOURISM
vernacular authenticity community
SOCIETY
CALDERA VOLCANO
IR
HAWAII
VISUALIZATION innovative technology interactive teaching museum DISCOVERY exhibit natural environment history visitor center
KNOWLEDGE SEEK
int
e x p lo r
EDUCATE
e
er
initial
submarine
sea level
subaerial
landslide
capping
erosional
rejuvination
shield building substage s
I S LAAG EN IDN MFI LOL RI O MN YAETA RI SO ONL D I N H A W A I I 0.2
2.6 3.7
5.1
.8
1.9
4.9
1.3
1.3
0.1
0.4
1.0 0.0
4,1
17
MI
LE
5,673
S T O
JA
PA
2,259 MILES TO ALASKA
movement of pacific pl ate
ni’ihau
TODAY:
oah’u
m o l o k a’ i
HAWAI’I
l a n a’ i k a h o ’ o l aw e m a u i
LO’IHI MAGMA CHAMBERS
90% FOSSIL FUELS DEPENDENCE
85%
AGE IN MILLION YEARS OLD
HOTSPOT
FOOD IMPORTED
0.2
2.6
N
RA O AUST MILES T
k a u a’ i
LIA 2,
28
3
M
IL
ES
TO
C
I AL
FO
RN
IA
3.7
5.1
.8
1.9
4.9
1.3
1.3
0.0 movement of pacific pl ate
ni’ihau
k a u Pa R’ iE - C O N T A C T
i n od auhs ’tur i a l i zmaotli oo kn a ’ i
HAWAI’I LO’IHI tourism drives economy
l a n a’ i k a h o ’ o l aw e m a u i sugar drives economy
5 MILLION YEARS AGO
ISLAND FORMATION
1920
1810
300-600
ARRIVAL OF FIRST POLYNESIANS
ISLAND WORLDVIEW - SPIRITUALITY - INTERDEPENDEnCE PILL ARS OF PREC ONTACT HAWAIIAN SUSTAINABILIT Y
community plays reliability between religious connection to natural essential role in protecting upper class and world that manifests the mana of the land through commoners and between as an awareness of the the establishment people and land community’s familial relationship of kapu that supported them with natural phenomena
0.1
0.4
1.0
MONARCHY BEGINS
1840
isl and formation
HAWAII NATIONAL PARK ESTABLISHED
FIRST CONSTITUTION 1 8 9 3 ARRIVAL OF FIRST MONARCHY 1820 WESTERNERS OVERTHROWN FIRST PROTESTANT MISSIONARRIES ARRIVE 1627 1894 1778
VISIT OF SPANISH SAILORS
MAGMA CHAMBERS
REPUBLIC OF HAWAII ESTABLISHED
1941
HOTSPOT
PEARL HARBOR ATTACK
1976
CULTURAL RENAISSANCE 1995
LAST SUGER PLANTATION CLOSES
1898
1794
UNDER PROTECTORATE OF GREAT BRITAIN BY VANCOUVER
U.S. ANNEXATION
i s lBECOMES a n d1 9 f5 A9oSTATE rmation
MAKAPU’U lookout POINt WAIMANALO BEACH PARK
MAKAPU’U LOOKOUT SITE ANALYSIS
RABBIT ISLAND
3.2 W M AI ILE M AN S AL
100°F
90°F
80°F
O
SEA LIFE PARK
2 IN 70°F
1 IN
60°F
50°F
SEA LIFE PARK
0 IN FEB
MAR
PRECIPITATION
APR
MAY
JUN
MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM
JUL
AUG
HOT DAYS
SEP
OCT
NOV
MEAN DAILY MINIMUM
DEC
COLD DAYS
MAKAPU’U POINT LIGHTHOUSE
N
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
K U L I' O U
E
WY NAOLE H
SW
'O U R ID GE
SE
S 5 - 10 MPH
15 - 20 MPH
10 - 15 MPH
K A L A N IA
W
NE
30 DAYS
25 DAYS
HĀLONA BLOW HOLE
SITE
NW
MAKAPUʻU POINT LIGHTHOUSE TRAIL
JAN
HANAUMA BAY
HAWAII KAI GOLF COURSE
20 DAYS
15 DAYS
10 DAYS
HONOLULU
5 DAYS
0 DAYS JAN
FEB
SUNNY
MAR
APR
MAY
PARTLY CLOUDY
JUN
JUL
OVERCAST
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
PRECIPITATION DAYS
ES 1 6 M IL L U LU O N O H
ES MIL A 2.0 AUM N HA
ES MIL 2.6 ONA L HĀ
BUILDING LOCATION
RABBIT ISLAND
accessible pa t
h
PARKING L OT
inspiration
MAKAI
KULA
MAUKA
A H U PanU experience A’A The Museum of Volcanology offers that welcomes people to understand the land, or the Āina, as the native Hawaiians did. An ahupua‘a is the The Museum of Volcanology offers an experience that welcomes people to basic self-sustaining unit of land within which an individual had the right to access understand the land, or the Āina, as the native Hawaiians did. An ahupua‘a is the resources. Ahupua’a varied in size according to the resources available and the ease basic self-sustaining unit within an individual had accessibility necessary with which those resources couldwhich be reasonably distributed amongtolocal residents. resources. Because the native knowledge of to theachieve land, they This museum is inspired by anHawaiians ahupua’ahad as aintimate sustainable model a netunderstood limitations in geographic scope developed metholds to maximize zero facility. its They are usually separated intoand three sections: mountains, plains, and the sea. yielf In Hawaiian these areas arearea called and Makai. the potential in a resources limited in Mauka, order toKula, support a thriving community. They are usually separated into three sections: mountains, plains, and sea. In Hawaiian, these areas are called the Mauka, Kula, and Makai. This museum is inspired by an ahapu’a as a sustainable model to achieve a net-zero facility.
ARTS CENTRE - Casa Das Mudas Architects Location Project YeaR Program Size
Paulo David Madeira, Portugal 2004 Gallery, Arts Center 129,200 sq. ft.
“
HAWAII PREPARATORY ACADEMY
THE kunsthal
Architects Location Project YeaR Program Size
Architects Location Project YeaR Program Size
CASE STUDY: SUSTAINABILITY
CASE STUDY: EXPERIENCE
these f o rce s are m uch b ig g e r than architecture DAV I D
Flansburgh Architects Kamuela, Hawaii 2010 Educational 6,100 sq. ft.
CASE STUDY: CIRCULATION Rem Koolhaas, OMA Rotterdam, Netherlands 1992 Museum 35,500 sq. ft.
“
h ow t o i ma g i n e a spiral wi t h fou r separate s q u a re s ? KOOLHAAS
AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY
AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY
outdoor court
5,000
15
334
exhibit galleries
entrance lobby
4,000
15
267
visitor services
500
100
5
community room
1,500
15
100
special exhibit
SCHEMATIC DE SIGN
67
2,000
30
collections storage 1,000
300
4
admin offices
100
20
2,000
16,000 SQUARE FEET
15
134
200
events hall
3,000
15
200
20
100
gift shop
2,000
50
40
100
60
cafeteria
3,000
15
200
20
kitchen
2,000
200
10
1,000
theater
4,000
-
classrooms
2,000
library + archives
6,000
collections storage 6,000
300
TOTAL
797 PEOPLE
2,000
30
conceptual mass
TOTAL
AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY
viewing terrace
30,000
TOTAL
1,380 PEOPLE
48,000 SQUARE FEET
12,000 SQUARE FEET
circul ation diagram
584 PEOPLE
the WANDERER total : 76,000 sf
the guest
OCCUPANCY LOAD: 2,761 PEOPLE PARKING SPACES REQUIRED: 252
BUILDING PROGRAM
MAKAI
KULA
AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY
outdoor court entrance lobby visitor services
5,000 4,000
15 15
334 267
500
100
5
community room
1,500
15
100
special exhibit
2,000
30
67
collections storage 1,000
300
4
admin offices
100
20
TOTAL
2,000
16,000 SQUARE FEET
MONARC HY precon tact volcan ology
BUILDING PROGRAM
makai
797 PEOPLE
MAKAI
theater
entrance 4,000 lobby
1,0005,000 2004,000
15 events 267 hall
100 500
100 gift shop 5 15 cafeteria 100
visitor 20 2,000services
KULA
MAKAI
outdoor exhibit 30,000 court 30 15 134 2,000 galleries entrance theater 3,000 15 2004,000 lobby classrooms 50 2,000
visitor services 402,000 20
community room library 3,000 + archives 15 2006,000 100 special collections storage 200 106,000exhibit 2,000 300
15
4,000 200
15
100500
100
gift5shop
1,500 60
15
100 cafeteria
30
4
collections storage 1,000
67 kitchen
300
300
4
admin offices
100
20
admin offices
2,000
100
20
TOTAL 48,000 SQUARE FEET
202,000
2,000
1,380 16,000 PEOPLEFEET SQUARE
67 30 kitchen
TOTAL 797 PEOPLE
TOTAL 12,000 SQUARE FEET
TOTAL 584 48,000 PEOPLEFEET SQUARE
2,000 20
16,000 1,380 SQUARE FEET PEOPLE
797 TOTAL PEOPLE
MAUKA
AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY
334 viewing terrace exhibit 15 2,000galleries theater 267 hall events 3,000 15
5,000 1,000
mauka
KULA
MAUKA
collections storage 1,000
collections storagespecial 300 6,000 exhibit
TOTAL
kula
AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY
terrace 15 viewing 334
library + archives community room 601,500 100 6,000
classrooms
BUILDING PROGRAM
MAUKA
AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY
exhibit galleries outdoor 30 30,000 court
the seeker
30
1,000
viewing terrace
2,000
15
134
4,000 200
-
200
events hall
3,000
15
200
20
100
gift shop
2,000
50
40
100
60
cafeteria
3,000
15
200
300
20
kitchen
2,000
200
10
classrooms 2,000 50 40 2,000 library 6,000 3,000+ archives 15 200 collections storage 6,000 200 10 2,000
TOTAL 12,000 SQUARE FEET
AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY
30,000 134
48,000 584 SQUARE FEET PEOPLE
total : 76,000 sf
1,380 PEOPLE
TOTAL
12,000 SQUARE FEET
584 PEOPLE
ARCHITECTURE HAS THE ABILIT Y TO MEDIATE THE REL ATIONSHIP BET WEEN MAN + NATURE IN ORDER TO RE STORE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ‘A I N A AS N AT I V E H AWA I I A N S D O.
MAUKA KULA 3 KULA 2.5 KULA 2 KULA 1
MAKAI service level PARKING LEVEL 1 PARKING LEVEL 2
BREATH OF ISLAND
GOAL STRATEGY
REFRAME
REmediate
enhance
volcanoes as a means of creation rather than destruction
environment instead of deplete its resources
the appeal of nature instead of take attention from it
RECIPROCITY
porosity
opportunity
displace excavated land to emerge occupiable space from nature
allow the building to breathe through an innovative building skin
increase the value of an existing destination by offering a journey
The voyage of disc overy is not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes. MARCEL PROUST
makai : gathering pl ace
EXHIBIT STORAGE
CINEMATIC THEATER (98 SEATS) 2300 SF
TEMPORARY EXHIBIT 9000 SF
ADMINISTRATION 700 SF
RECEPTION LOBBY 5000 SF
OUTDOOR WATERSCAPE 13000 SF
Visitors of the museum will gather in the makai area. Just as the first Polynesians approached the islands by water, people will approach the museum through an elaborate waterscape and landscape. The Island of Oahu is known as the “Gathering Place” because two-thirds of the state population call it home. Just as this island’s unique energy and dynamic activity capture its visitors, as will the museum. The entry level of the building will be porous and support the ebbing and flowing of the visitors. The exhibits on this level change throughout the year and its spaces host various public events.
kula : volcanology
STAFF 700 SF
VOLCANO FORMATION 1000 SF
VOLCANOLOGY OF HAWAII 6000 SF VOLCANIC ROCKS 1000 SF VOLCANO TYPES 1000 SF
The visitors seek knowledge in the kula area. The plains sustain life of the island. It is the area of permanent residence. This part of the museum maintains the permanent exhibits that describe the formation of the islands and its culture. Just as the island plains were formed from layer after layer of volcanic eruptions, the museum plains thread together layers of history and elements that have formed Hawaiian culture. There is an exhibit for the three formative concepts: Volcanology, the culture of Precontact Hawaii, and the Industrialization of Hawaii. A ramp alongside the faceted lava rock facade transitions people from the Volcanology to the culture of Pre-contact Hawaii.
FORMATION OF THE ISL AND
kul a : pre-c ontact hawaii
LIFE ON THE ISLAND ACTIVITIES RANGER TALKS LAVA DEMONSTRATION TRADITIONAL TALES
STAFF 700 SF
MYTHOLOGY EXHIBIT 3000 SF
VOYAGES EXHIBIT 5000 SF
VALUES EXHIBIT 1000 SF
The Pre-contact Hawaii exhibit features a two story space where visitors explore the early growth of the island and emerging of the cultural identity. The mezzanine level provides a space for guest speakers and activities that give people the opportunity to experience a glimpse the lifestyle of native Hawaiians. They believed, “Ka wa ma mua, ka wa ma hope” - the future is in the past. While participating in the activities mezzanine, there is visual connection to the exhibit level below to emphasize a strong foundation of culture.
THE FUTURE IS IN THE PAST
kul a : industrialization of hawaii
STAFF 700 SF
STATEHOOD EXHIBIT
MONARCHY EXHIBIT
After learning about the values and lifestyle formed by native Hawaiians, people progress into the next exhibits using ramps alongside a vegetated wall nourished by a mist. This is representative of the natural life of the environment. The mist represents the steam vents indicative of geothermal energy. Native Hawaiians believed this the be the breath of the Āina. This feature welcomes visitors to exchange energy with the land as the Native Hawaiians. The heavy timber ramps are of koa wood; a wood only native to Hawaii. It has been abundantly used throughout the society’s history in a variety of ways. Its application in the museum is representative of the livelihood of the island.
LIFE OF THE ISLAND
OPEN LAWN PERFORMANCE TERRACE 8000 SF
FOOD 700 SF FOOD 700 SF FOOD 700 SF
KITCHEN
DINING COURT 12000 SF
GIFT SHOP 1000 SF
mauka : the fullness of hawaii
Visitors will be immersed in Hawaiian culture after arriving at the mauka. The mountains offer views and an incomparable sense of accomplishment. This part of the museum rewards the journey of seeking knowledge by sharing the culture of modern-day Hawaii. Approaching the space, aromas of authentic Hawaiian cuisine will draw visitors to the abundance of flavorful food only made possible by the richness of the soil resulting from the volcanic development. The mauka will embody a celebration of the island lifestyle through song and dance. Once the visitors reach the peak of the mountain, they can then bring their newfound knowledge and the spirit of aloha home and to whomever they encounter.
IMMERSE
MAU K A
M AK AI | T H E S EA
MAUKA
MOUNTAIN
ROOF LEVEL THE FULLNESS OF HAWAII DINING COURT 12000 SF PERFORMANCE TERRACE 8000 SF OPEN LAWN 3200 SF GIFT SHOP 1000 SF (3) FOOD VENDOR STALLS 700 SF KITCHEN 350 SF
KUL A
P L AINS
PERMANENT EXHIBIT LEVEL 3 INDUSTRIALIZED HAWAII INDUSTRIALIZATION OF HAWAII 1000 SF MONARCHY EXHIBIT 2000 SF STATEHOOD EXHIBIT 5000 SF TOURISM EXHIBIT 1000 SF STAFF 700 SF
KUL A
P L AINS
ACTIVITIES MEZZANINE PREC ONTACT HAWAII LIFE ON THE ISLAND ACTIVITIES 4000 SF RANGER TALKS 1000 SF LAVA DEMONSTRATION 3000 SF TRADITIONAL TALES 1000 SF
KUL A
P L AINS
PERMANENT EXHIBIT LEVEL 2 PREC ONTACT HAWAII VIEWING TERRACE 6700 SF VOYAGES EXHIBIT 5000 SF MYTHOLOGY EXHIBIT 3000 SF VALUES EXHIBIT 1000 SF STAFF OFFICE 700 SF
KUL A
P L AINS
PERMANENT EXHIBIT LEVEL 1 VOLCANOLOGY VOLCANOLOGY OF HAWAII 6000 SF VOLCANO FORMATION 1000 SF VOLCANO TYPES 1000 SF VOLCANIC ROCKS 1000 SF STAFF OFFICE 700 SF
MAKAI WATER
GROUND LEVEL GATHER OUTDOOR WATERSCAPE 13000 SF
| T H E MO U NTA I N
RECEPTION LOBBY 5000 SF ADMINISTRATION 700 SF CINEMATIC THEATER (98 SEATS) 2300 SF TEMPORARY EXHIBIT 9000 SF
LOWER LEVELS SUBSURFACE SERVICE LEVEL TWO SUBSURFACE PARKING LEVELS
KU L A | T H E PL AIN S
K a l an ian a’ole H igh way
drop-off loop
ramp to lo w e r p l atfo rm
terraced gardens
H Ā | BREATH OF T HE I SL AND
‘IKE LOA