Kimberly Algarme

‘ike loa the hawaiian value of learning. to know well. to seek knowledge and wisdom.

MUSEUM OF VOLCANOLOGY THAT EXHIBITS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS IN ORDER TO HELP PEOPLE UNDERSTAND THE ENVIRONMENT AS NATIVE HAWAIIANS.

K I M B E R LY A L G A R M E advisor : john defazio

RISE OF SOCIAL FEAR

DECLINE IN AIR QUALITY

KAUAI

KOHALA

992,605

1.428 MILLION

2016 OAHU POPUL ATION

2016 STATE POPUL ATION

MAUNA KEA

OAHU

HULALAI

EARLIEST WRITTEN DOCUMENTATION OF ACTIVITY

MOLOKAI

H E A LT H R I S K S

MAUNA LOA KILAUEA

1820

MAUI

eye , nose , throat + skin irritation

11

coughing + phlegm

MOST DESTRUCTIVE ERUPTION PERIOD

che st tightne ss + shortne ss of breath

fatigue + diz zine ss 4,190 FT

1983

6

MI

LE

NORTHEAST TRADEWINDS

length of stay (DAYS)

pppd ($)

islands visited

2018

8.7

2018

2017

8.6

2017

197.8

2016

8.7

2016

196.4

2015

8.8

2015

2014

8.8

2014

2013

8.9

2013

193.1

187.1

204,000 other 49% islands oahu

197.5

august tourism statistic s

S

OVER 60 RECORDED ERUPTIONS

c a n l e a d t o l o n g -t e r m i r r i tat i o n

2018

6 0 0 HOMES DESTRYED . 4 MILES PER HOUR LAVA SHOOTS 2 5 0 FEET INTO THE AIR CALDERA DIAMETER EXPANDS FROM . 5 TO 2 MILES ASH PLUME 3 0 , 0 0 0 FEET INTO THE AIR 8 SQUARE MILES COVERED BY LAVA 5 . 5 MAGNITUDE EARTHQUAKE 4 L AVA FLOWS REACH WATER 2 4 fissure vents OVER

LAVA FLOWS

how can architecture reframe volcanoe s as a means of creation rather than de struction?

KONA WINDS

HAWAII

+

SUNLIGHT + OXYGEN + ATMOSPHERIC GASE S

“

Hawaii tourism industry sets records for sixth consecutive year

”

visitor spending

VOLCANIC SMOG SULFER DIOXIDE

$1.96 billion

$16.8 billion

d a m a g e t o a p e r s o n ’ s n a s a l pa s s a g e s , t h r o at, + even lungs + breathing tube s

jobs supported state wide

generated ta x revenue

193.0

increased suscep tibilit y to re spiratory ailments

1990

BEGINNING OF CONTINUOUS ERUPTION

70% OAHU

A NEED TO REDIRECT AT TENTION TO ENVIRONMENT

9,382,986 oahu

visitors

tourist de stinations

HAZY AIR POLLUTION

S I M I L A R T O S U L F U R O U S C O A L- B U R N I N G P O W E R P L A N T S C ONTAINS water vapor , carbon dioxide , + sulfur dioxide hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen fluoride, + carbon monoxide

how can architecture reframe buildings as a method of remediation of the environment instead of a c onsumer of natural resources?

how can architecture enhance the appeal of nature instead of take at tention from it ?

he ri CU tage LT HIS URE TO RY

STROMBOLIAN

VULCANIAN

LAVA FLUIDITY + EXPLOSIVITY

PELEAN

PLINIAN

CALDERA VOLCANO

FISSURE VENT

LAVA FLUIDITY + EXPLOSIVITY

SHIELD VOLCANO

STROMBOLIAN

VULCANIAN

PELEAN

PLINIAN

STRATOVOLCANO ERUP TION T YPE S

FLUID LAVA FLOW

VISCOUS LAVA FLOW

VISCOUS LAVA FLOW

COOLED LAVA

COOLED LAVA

VOLCANIC GAS

public health respiratory issues biophiliA VOLCANIC SMOG limit footprint A air quality REMEDIATE breathable skin SMOKE air filtration

VOLCANIC GAS

VOLCANIC ASH

VOLCANIC ASH

VOLCANIC STRUCTURE

VOLCANIC STRUCTURE

imm erse

CORAL REEF + SEDIMENTS

FORMATION PROCE SS

CINDER CONE LAVA FLOW

CINDER CONE

TEPHRA CONE

REEF

TUFF CONE

LAGOON SAND ISLAND

WAVE ERODED SURFACE

atoll

l ate seamount

a

ct

energy ABUNDANT NUTRIENTS paradise creation DESTRUCTION SERENITY TSUNAMIS SOCIAL fear BIODIVERSITY EARTHQUAKES endangered species stigma LAVA STRIKING landscape semiotics CUISINE POWERFUL CYCLICAL natural phenomena vibrant

STRATOVOLCANO ERUP TION T YPE S FLUID LAVA FLOW

underst and

TOURISTS

LIT Y

POLLUTION

flowing lava rock ERRUPTIONS

volcanoES

SHIELD VOLCANO

QUA

CREATED BY

archipelago

residents

FISSURE VENT

VOLCANIC TYPES

LOCAL DESTINATION TOURIST ATTRACTION ECO-TOURISM

vernacular authenticity community

SOCIETY

CALDERA VOLCANO

IR

HAWAII

VISUALIZATION innovative technology interactive teaching museum DISCOVERY exhibit natural environment history visitor center

KNOWLEDGE SEEK

int

e x p lo r

EDUCATE

e

er

initial

submarine

sea level

subaerial

landslide

capping

erosional

rejuvination

shield building substage s

I S LAAG EN IDN MFI LOL RI O MN YAETA RI SO ONL D I N H A W A I I 0.2

2.6 3.7

5.1

.8

1.9

4.9

1.3

1.3

0.1

0.4

1.0 0.0

4,1

17

MI

LE

5,673

S T O

JA

PA

2,259 MILES TO ALASKA

movement of pacific pl ate

ni’ihau

TODAY:

oah’u

m o l o k a’ i

HAWAI’I

l a n a’ i k a h o ’ o l aw e m a u i

LO’IHI MAGMA CHAMBERS

90% FOSSIL FUELS DEPENDENCE

85%

AGE IN MILLION YEARS OLD

HOTSPOT

FOOD IMPORTED

0.2

2.6

N

RA O AUST MILES T

k a u a’ i

LIA 2,

28

3

M

IL

ES

TO

C

I AL

FO

RN

IA

3.7

5.1

.8

1.9

4.9

1.3

1.3

0.0 movement of pacific pl ate

ni’ihau

k a u Pa R’ iE - C O N T A C T

i n od auhs ’tur i a l i zmaotli oo kn a ’ i

HAWAI’I LO’IHI tourism drives economy

l a n a’ i k a h o ’ o l aw e m a u i sugar drives economy

5 MILLION YEARS AGO

ISLAND FORMATION

1920

1810

300-600

ARRIVAL OF FIRST POLYNESIANS

ISLAND WORLDVIEW - SPIRITUALITY - INTERDEPENDEnCE PILL ARS OF PREC ONTACT HAWAIIAN SUSTAINABILIT Y

community plays reliability between religious connection to natural essential role in protecting upper class and world that manifests the mana of the land through commoners and between as an awareness of the the establishment people and land community’s familial relationship of kapu that supported them with natural phenomena

0.1

0.4

1.0

MONARCHY BEGINS

1840

isl and formation

HAWAII NATIONAL PARK ESTABLISHED

FIRST CONSTITUTION 1 8 9 3 ARRIVAL OF FIRST MONARCHY 1820 WESTERNERS OVERTHROWN FIRST PROTESTANT MISSIONARRIES ARRIVE 1627 1894 1778

VISIT OF SPANISH SAILORS

MAGMA CHAMBERS

REPUBLIC OF HAWAII ESTABLISHED

1941

HOTSPOT

PEARL HARBOR ATTACK

1976

CULTURAL RENAISSANCE 1995

LAST SUGER PLANTATION CLOSES

1898

1794

UNDER PROTECTORATE OF GREAT BRITAIN

BY VANCOUVER

U.S. ANNEXATION

i s lBECOMES a n d1 9 f5 A9oSTATE rmation

MAKAPU’U lookout POINt WAIMANALO BEACH PARK

MAKAPU’U LOOKOUT SITE ANALYSIS

RABBIT ISLAND

3.2 W M AI ILE M AN S AL

100°F

90°F

80°F

O

SEA LIFE PARK

2 IN 70°F

1 IN

60°F

50°F

SEA LIFE PARK

0 IN FEB

MAR

PRECIPITATION

APR

MAY

JUN

MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM

JUL

AUG

HOT DAYS

SEP

OCT

NOV

MEAN DAILY MINIMUM

DEC

COLD DAYS

MAKAPU’U POINT LIGHTHOUSE

N

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

K U L I' O U

E

WY NAOLE H

SW

'O U R ID GE

SE

S 5 - 10 MPH

15 - 20 MPH

10 - 15 MPH

K A L A N IA

W

NE

30 DAYS

25 DAYS

HĀLONA BLOW HOLE

SITE

NW

MAKAPUʻU POINT LIGHTHOUSE TRAIL

JAN

HANAUMA BAY

HAWAII KAI GOLF COURSE

20 DAYS

15 DAYS

10 DAYS

HONOLULU

5 DAYS

0 DAYS JAN

FEB

SUNNY

MAR

APR

MAY

PARTLY CLOUDY

JUN

JUL

OVERCAST

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

PRECIPITATION DAYS

ES 1 6 M IL L U LU O N O H

ES MIL A 2.0 AUM N HA

ES MIL 2.6 ONA L HĀ

BUILDING LOCATION

RABBIT ISLAND

accessible pa t

h

PARKING L OT

inspiration

MAKAI

KULA

MAUKA

A H U PanU experience A’A The Museum of Volcanology offers that welcomes people to understand the land, or the Āina, as the native Hawaiians did. An ahupua‘a is the The Museum of Volcanology offers an experience that welcomes people to basic self-sustaining unit of land within which an individual had the right to access understand the land, or the Āina, as the native Hawaiians did. An ahupua‘a is the resources. Ahupua’a varied in size according to the resources available and the ease basic self-sustaining unit within an individual had accessibility necessary with which those resources couldwhich be reasonably distributed amongtolocal residents. resources.

Because the native knowledge of to theachieve land, they This museum is inspired by anHawaiians ahupua’ahad as aintimate sustainable model a netunderstood limitations in geographic scope developed metholds to maximize zero facility. its They are usually separated intoand three sections: mountains, plains, and the sea. yielf In Hawaiian these areas arearea called and Makai. the potential in a resources limited in Mauka, order toKula, support a thriving community. They are usually separated into three sections: mountains, plains, and sea. In Hawaiian, these areas are called the Mauka, Kula, and Makai. This museum is inspired by an ahapu’a as a sustainable model to achieve a net-zero facility.

ARTS CENTRE - Casa Das Mudas Architects Location Project YeaR Program Size

Paulo David Madeira, Portugal 2004 Gallery, Arts Center 129,200 sq. ft.

“

HAWAII PREPARATORY ACADEMY

THE kunsthal

Architects Location Project YeaR Program Size

Architects Location Project YeaR Program Size

CASE STUDY: SUSTAINABILITY

CASE STUDY: EXPERIENCE

these f o rce s are m uch b ig g e r than architecture DAV I D

Flansburgh Architects Kamuela, Hawaii 2010 Educational 6,100 sq. ft.

CASE STUDY: CIRCULATION Rem Koolhaas, OMA Rotterdam, Netherlands 1992 Museum 35,500 sq. ft.

“

h ow t o i ma g i n e a spiral wi t h fou r separate s q u a re s ?

KOOLHAAS

AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY

AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY

outdoor court

5,000

15

334

exhibit galleries

entrance lobby

4,000

15

267

visitor services

500

100

5

community room

1,500

15

100

special exhibit

SCHEMATIC DE SIGN

67

2,000

30

collections storage 1,000

300

4

admin offices

100

20

2,000

16,000 SQUARE FEET

15

134

200

events hall

3,000

15

200

20

100

gift shop

2,000

50

40

100

60

cafeteria

3,000

15

200

20

kitchen

2,000

200

10

1,000

theater

4,000

-

classrooms

2,000

library + archives

6,000

collections storage 6,000

300

TOTAL

797 PEOPLE

2,000

30

conceptual mass

TOTAL

AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY

viewing terrace

30,000

TOTAL

1,380 PEOPLE

48,000 SQUARE FEET

12,000 SQUARE FEET

circul ation diagram

584 PEOPLE

the WANDERER total : 76,000 sf

the guest

OCCUPANCY LOAD: 2,761 PEOPLE PARKING SPACES REQUIRED: 252

BUILDING PROGRAM

MAKAI

KULA

AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY

outdoor court entrance lobby visitor services

5,000 4,000

15 15

334 267

500

100

5

community room

1,500

15

100

special exhibit

2,000

30

67

collections storage 1,000

300

4

admin offices

100

20

TOTAL

2,000

16,000 SQUARE FEET

MONARC HY precon tact volcan ology

BUILDING PROGRAM

makai

797 PEOPLE

MAKAI

theater

entrance 4,000 lobby

1,0005,000 2004,000

15 events 267 hall

100 500

100 gift shop 5 15 cafeteria 100

visitor 20 2,000services

KULA

MAKAI

outdoor exhibit 30,000 court 30 15 134 2,000 galleries entrance theater 3,000 15 2004,000 lobby classrooms 50 2,000

visitor services 402,000 20

community room library 3,000 + archives 15 2006,000 100 special collections storage 200 106,000exhibit 2,000 300

15

4,000 200

15

100500

100

gift5shop

1,500 60

15

100 cafeteria

30

4

collections storage 1,000

67 kitchen

300

300

4

admin offices

100

20

admin offices

2,000

100

20

TOTAL 48,000 SQUARE FEET

202,000

2,000

1,380 16,000 PEOPLEFEET SQUARE

67 30 kitchen

TOTAL 797 PEOPLE

TOTAL 12,000 SQUARE FEET

TOTAL 584 48,000 PEOPLEFEET SQUARE

2,000 20

16,000 1,380 SQUARE FEET PEOPLE

797 TOTAL PEOPLE

MAUKA

AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY

334 viewing terrace exhibit 15 2,000galleries theater 267 hall events 3,000 15

5,000 1,000

mauka

KULA

MAUKA

collections storage 1,000

collections storagespecial 300 6,000 exhibit

TOTAL

kula

AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY

terrace 15 viewing 334

library + archives community room 601,500 100 6,000

classrooms

BUILDING PROGRAM

MAUKA

AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY

exhibit galleries outdoor 30 30,000 court

the seeker

30

1,000

viewing terrace

2,000

15

134

4,000 200

-

200

events hall

3,000

15

200

20

100

gift shop

2,000

50

40

100

60

cafeteria

3,000

15

200

300

20

kitchen

2,000

200

10

classrooms 2,000 50 40 2,000 library 6,000 3,000+ archives 15 200 collections storage 6,000 200 10 2,000

TOTAL 12,000 SQUARE FEET

AREA | LOAD FACTOR | OCCUPANCY

30,000 134

48,000 584 SQUARE FEET PEOPLE

total : 76,000 sf

1,380 PEOPLE

TOTAL

12,000 SQUARE FEET

584 PEOPLE

ARCHITECTURE HAS THE ABILIT Y TO MEDIATE THE REL ATIONSHIP BET WEEN MAN + NATURE IN ORDER TO RE STORE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ‘A I N A AS N AT I V E H AWA I I A N S D O.

MAUKA KULA 3 KULA 2.5 KULA 2 KULA 1

MAKAI service level PARKING LEVEL 1 PARKING LEVEL 2

BREATH OF ISLAND

GOAL STRATEGY

REFRAME

REmediate

enhance

volcanoes as a means of creation rather than destruction

environment instead of deplete its resources

the appeal of nature instead of take attention from it

RECIPROCITY

porosity

opportunity

displace excavated land to emerge occupiable space from nature

allow the building to breathe through an innovative building skin

increase the value of an existing destination by offering a journey

The voyage of disc overy is not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes.

MARCEL PROUST

makai : gathering pl ace

EXHIBIT STORAGE

CINEMATIC THEATER (98 SEATS) 2300 SF

TEMPORARY EXHIBIT 9000 SF

ADMINISTRATION 700 SF

RECEPTION LOBBY 5000 SF

OUTDOOR WATERSCAPE 13000 SF

Visitors of the museum will gather in the makai area. Just as the first Polynesians approached the islands by water, people will approach the museum through an elaborate waterscape and landscape. The Island of Oahu is known as the “Gathering Place” because two-thirds of the state population call it home. Just as this island’s unique energy and dynamic activity capture its visitors, as will the museum. The entry level of the building will be porous and support the ebbing and flowing of the visitors. The exhibits on this level change throughout the year and its spaces host various public events.

kula : volcanology

STAFF 700 SF

VOLCANO FORMATION 1000 SF

VOLCANOLOGY OF HAWAII 6000 SF VOLCANIC ROCKS 1000 SF VOLCANO TYPES 1000 SF

The visitors seek knowledge in the kula area. The plains sustain life of the island. It is the area of permanent residence. This part of the museum maintains the permanent exhibits that describe the formation of the islands and its culture. Just as the island plains were formed from layer after layer of volcanic eruptions, the museum plains thread together layers of history and elements that have formed Hawaiian culture. There is an exhibit for the three formative concepts: Volcanology, the culture of Precontact Hawaii, and the Industrialization of Hawaii. A ramp alongside the faceted lava rock facade transitions people from the Volcanology to the culture of Pre-contact Hawaii.

FORMATION OF THE ISL AND

kul a : pre-c ontact hawaii

LIFE ON THE ISLAND ACTIVITIES RANGER TALKS LAVA DEMONSTRATION TRADITIONAL TALES

STAFF 700 SF

MYTHOLOGY EXHIBIT 3000 SF

VOYAGES EXHIBIT 5000 SF

VALUES EXHIBIT 1000 SF

The Pre-contact Hawaii exhibit features a two story space where visitors explore the early growth of the island and emerging of the cultural identity. The mezzanine level provides a space for guest speakers and activities that give people the opportunity to experience a glimpse the lifestyle of native Hawaiians.

They believed, “Ka wa ma mua, ka wa ma hope” - the future is in the past. While participating in the activities mezzanine, there is visual connection to the exhibit level below to emphasize a strong foundation of culture.

THE FUTURE IS IN THE PAST

kul a : industrialization of hawaii

STAFF 700 SF

STATEHOOD EXHIBIT

MONARCHY EXHIBIT

After learning about the values and lifestyle formed by native Hawaiians, people progress into the next exhibits using ramps alongside a vegetated wall nourished by a mist. This is representative of the natural life of the environment. The mist represents the steam vents indicative of geothermal energy. Native Hawaiians believed this the be the breath of the Āina. This feature welcomes visitors to exchange energy with the land as the Native Hawaiians. The heavy timber ramps are of koa wood; a wood only native to Hawaii. It has been abundantly used throughout the society’s history in a variety of ways. Its application in the museum is representative of the livelihood of the island.

LIFE OF THE ISLAND

OPEN LAWN PERFORMANCE TERRACE 8000 SF

FOOD 700 SF FOOD 700 SF FOOD 700 SF

KITCHEN

DINING COURT 12000 SF

GIFT SHOP 1000 SF

mauka : the fullness of hawaii

Visitors will be immersed in Hawaiian culture after arriving at the mauka. The mountains offer views and an incomparable sense of accomplishment. This part of the museum rewards the journey of seeking knowledge by sharing the culture of modern-day Hawaii. Approaching the space, aromas of authentic Hawaiian cuisine will draw visitors to the abundance of flavorful food only made possible by the richness of the soil resulting from the volcanic development. The mauka will embody a celebration of the island lifestyle through song and dance. Once the visitors reach the peak of the mountain, they can then bring their newfound knowledge and the spirit of aloha home and to whomever they encounter.

IMMERSE

MAU K A

M AK AI | T H E S EA

MAUKA

MOUNTAIN

ROOF LEVEL THE FULLNESS OF HAWAII DINING COURT 12000 SF PERFORMANCE TERRACE 8000 SF OPEN LAWN 3200 SF GIFT SHOP 1000 SF (3) FOOD VENDOR STALLS 700 SF KITCHEN 350 SF

KUL A

P L AINS

PERMANENT EXHIBIT LEVEL 3 INDUSTRIALIZED HAWAII INDUSTRIALIZATION OF HAWAII 1000 SF MONARCHY EXHIBIT 2000 SF STATEHOOD EXHIBIT 5000 SF TOURISM EXHIBIT 1000 SF STAFF 700 SF

KUL A

P L AINS

ACTIVITIES MEZZANINE PREC ONTACT HAWAII LIFE ON THE ISLAND ACTIVITIES 4000 SF RANGER TALKS 1000 SF LAVA DEMONSTRATION 3000 SF TRADITIONAL TALES 1000 SF

KUL A

P L AINS

PERMANENT EXHIBIT LEVEL 2 PREC ONTACT HAWAII VIEWING TERRACE 6700 SF VOYAGES EXHIBIT 5000 SF MYTHOLOGY EXHIBIT 3000 SF VALUES EXHIBIT 1000 SF STAFF OFFICE 700 SF

KUL A

P L AINS

PERMANENT EXHIBIT LEVEL 1 VOLCANOLOGY VOLCANOLOGY OF HAWAII 6000 SF VOLCANO FORMATION 1000 SF VOLCANO TYPES 1000 SF VOLCANIC ROCKS 1000 SF STAFF OFFICE 700 SF

MAKAI WATER

GROUND LEVEL GATHER OUTDOOR WATERSCAPE 13000 SF

| T H E MO U NTA I N

RECEPTION LOBBY 5000 SF ADMINISTRATION 700 SF CINEMATIC THEATER (98 SEATS) 2300 SF TEMPORARY EXHIBIT 9000 SF

LOWER LEVELS SUBSURFACE SERVICE LEVEL TWO SUBSURFACE PARKING LEVELS

KU L A | T H E PL AIN S

K a l an ian a’ole H igh way

drop-off loop

ramp to lo w e r p l atfo rm

terraced gardens

H Ā | BREATH OF T HE I SL AND

‘IKE LOA