Advisor: Kelly Vresilovic THESIS 2020
Resiliency in Vejle, Denmark
ALEXANDRA CULCIAR
FLOATING COMMUNITY Sculpture by British artist Jason de Caires Taylor PHOTO: DPA
FLOODING • STORM SURGES • RIVER OVERFLOW • LOW/HIGH TIDE RANGE: 0’ -> HIGH TIDE 0.16’ (11 pm -4 am / 10 am – 4 pm) FLOOD RANGE: 0’ -> 1’ +/- (FREQUENT)
% OF POPULATION THAT LIVE IN DROWNING LOCATIONS 0%
5%
10 %
25 %
50 %
75 %
100 %
SEA LEVEL RISING 90% of the world’s coastal cities • ARCTIC MELTING ESTIMATED RANGE: 0 FT -> 0.05 FT / year average 50 YEAR SEA LEVEL = +2.5 FT 100 YEAR SEA LEVEL = +5 FT
DROWNING CITY
Many communities are under threat due to natures sporadic flooding and water level changes. Due to the future loss of land it will become unavoidable to live within flooding areas.
ACCOMODATE
PROTECT (ENGINEERED)
PROTECT (NATURAL)
RETREAT
I focused on the Coastline because it is the main frontier to the sea level fluctuation. Each location is unique and has unpredictable circumstances that scientists cannot quantify as efficiently as other natural disasters. A few existing approaches explored are engineered, floating or natural solutions that will evolve with time and technology.
FLOAT & HYBRID (RESILIENT)
LANDSCAPE (RESILIENT)
COASTLINE PROTECTION
APPROACHES
9TH largest city in Denmark
VEJLE, DENMARK manufacturing in textiles, iron, hardware, canned goods, and leather goods
Fishing
Agriculture
Industrial port
Cotton textile mill industry boom
1500
1890
1980
2008
2015
1,500 inhabitants
3,300 inhabitants
booming inhabitants
56,567 inhabitants
+20,000 inhabitants immigrants
SITE IMAGES
VEJLE, DENMARK
A
C V
AREA OF INTEREST
CITY IMAGES
VEJLE EXISTING WATER INFRASTRUCTURE GREJS RIVER
253 FT
RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL
187 FT
CENTER CITY 2020 OCEAN LEVEL 0FT
351 FT RESIDENTIAL
285 FT
187 FT
RESIDENTIAL
BALTIC SEA
CITY TOPOGRAPHY SCALE: 1:1000 METER
POTENTIAL FLOOD EXTENSION SEA
ON SITE MEADOW
ON SITE MEADOW
NEAR SITE TRAILS
PAST SITE
ACROSS SITE
CENTER CITY
NEAR SITE KAYAK CLUB This is a Glacier city, it was built on a small sandbank in the middle of a wetland with steep slopes.
SITE CONDITIONS
EMBRACE WATER INSTEAD OF REPEL
TERRITORIAL STRATEGY
SHORT TERM
LONG TERM
SITE STRATEGY
URBAN/ARCHITECTURAL
ADAPTABILITY OF USE
INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGY
WINTER
SUMMER
AREA TO REACT TO SEA LEVEL RISING POPULATION GROWTH The overall strategy is to EMBRACE WATER AS A CONNECTION/EXTENTION OF THE EXISTING COMMUNITY WHILE CONSIDERING THE WATER AS PART OF THE COMPLEX SYSTEM/NETWORK, THE DESIGN UNITES THE LAND, SHORELINE AND SEA
SHORT TERM SITE STRATEGY IS A LANDSCAPE ADAPTABILITY TO FLOODS AND TIDES. IT IS PRIMARILY A MIX OF FUNCTIONS AND USERS TO REALLY ACTIVATE AND ANIMATE THE AREA AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE DAY AND SEASONS, WHILE ENRICHING WILDLIFE HABITATS AND THE COMMUNITY'S FUNCTION/FUN.
LONG TERM URBAN STRATEGY IS AN ARCHITECTURAL PLANNIING RESPONSE TO THE SEA LEVEL RISING. BECAUSE CURRENT PRACTICES MAY NOT BE EFFECTIVE IN SOLVING FUTURE PROBLEMS, ARCHITECTURE SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO HAVE THE CAPACITY TO ACCOMMODATE CHANGING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF A BUILDING’S USEFUL LIFE. UTILIZING DATA AND RESEARCH ON HAZARD AND CLIMATE PROJECTIONS TO PERFORM RISK AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS AT THE TIME OF CONSTRUCTION. THIS ENSURES BEST PRACTICES FOR USING MOST UPDATED STRATEGY AND TECHNOLOGY WITH CONSIDERATION OF THE FUTURE HAZARDS.
OVERALL The overall strategy is to EMBRACE WATER AS A CONNECTION/EXTENTION OF THE EXISTING COMMUNITY WHILE CONSIDERING
STRATEGY THE WATER AS PART OF THE COMPLEX SYSTEM/NETWORK, THE DESIGN UNITES THE LAND, SHORELINE AND SEA
RAIN
NATURE SITE CIRCULATION CAR PATH BIKE/PEDESTRIAN PATH
NODES CONNECTING EXISTING AND NEW LAND AND SEA
PUBLIC PRIVATE COMMUNAL
SITE ADJACENCIES
PUBLIC/PRIVATE
PROGRAM & INFRASTRUCTURE
SITE
FLOOD GARDEN
BASIN
RUNOFF POOL
CHANNEL/CANAL
Bottière-Chênaie Park & Public Spaces NATURE IN THE CITY eco-district NATES, FRANCE • Water management
TAKE AWAYS: •50% VEGETATION AND 50% URBANISM •RAINWATER STREAM FOOT PATH AND COLLECTION •PEDESTRIAN, CYCLES AND CARS •COMMUNITY FARMING/VEGETABLES •DITCHES, CHANNELS, BASIN AND CANALS DIRECT THE PUBLIC SPACES
LANDSCAPE
CASE STUDY
CONSTRUCTION
SECTION
AMSTERDAM Architect Julius Taminiau TAKE AWAYS: •can move along with the water level (and rising sea level); •is easy to move •can be completely prefabricated anywhere else and shipped to the required destination •the surrounding water can be used as gray water (e.g. for flushing the toilet or washing) •the surrounding water could be even filtered into drinking water •the heat of the water could be used for heating the home •the houseboat has to stay afloat, one need to build lighter and use materials more consciously
FLOOR PLAN
2nd FLOOR
ROOF TOP
INTERIOR
UTILITY
ARCHITECTURAL
CASE STUDY
NATURAL RESERVE
RESIDENTIAL
CENTER CITY PORT AUTHORITY MAIN PORT CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURING
0’ sea level
NATURAL RESERVE
MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
18 FT
PROGRAM RESTAURANTS
BIKE AND CARS 0 ’
200 ’
400’
800 ’
BOATS HARBOR / MARINA
Train Railway
BUS stops
COMMERCIAL HIKE TRAIL
RESIDENTIAL 351 FT
SITE DIMENSIONS • •
2020
0 ft SEA LEVEL
MASTER PLAN
28 acres 0 ft to 18 ft above sea level
LAND 9.51 AC
MEADOW 8.16 AC
WATER 10.29 AC
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
ERROSION CONTROL WETLAND PARK
3 BOULDER EDGE
NATURAL STONE
1 RAIN GARDEN 5 2
TIMBER DECK
RETAINING WALL
BIORETENTION 5 1
1
1
1
1
BEACH SAND
1 LIVING SHORELINE
2 CONSTRUCTED DRAINAGE SYSTEM 3
3
3
LEVEES & EMBARKMENTS
3
2 STABILIZED
3 CONSTRUCTED
4 FLOATING
5 WETLAND
4 4
2020
0 ft SEA LEVEL
ENLARGED MASTER PLAN
A
WORK SHARE SPACE
CO-LIVING 2-3 FLOOR
SCHOOL RETAIL
URGENT CARE IBAEK STRANDVEJ
FARMERS MARKET
OPEN AIR MARKET
PHARMACY RETAIL
FISHING MARKET
8 MINUTE WALK RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY 2320 16 ft
A MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
2020
0 ft SEA LEVEL
MASTER PLAN 2020
BIKE AND CARS
BOATS & KAYAKS FOR UN-MANNED BOATS FOR FIRE WATER BASED FIGHTING TRANSPORTATION ACTIVITIES
A FLOATING MARKET
WORK SHARE SPACE
CO-LIVING 2-3 FLOOR
RESIDENTIAL
SCHOOL RETAIL
URGENT CARE
FARMERS MARKET
OPEN AIR MARKET
PHARMACY RETAIL
FISHING MARKET
IBAEK STRANDVEJ RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY 2320 16 ft
A 2120
5 ft SEA LEVEL
MASTER PLAN
FARMING
NATURAL PRESERVE
RESIDENTIAL
RESTAURAN T BAKERY CAFE RETAI L
RETAI L
SUPERMARKET
0 10 2 ’ ’ 5’
2020
50 ’
100 ’
0 ft SEA LEVEL
ENLARGED MASTER PLAN
FARMERS MARKET
OPEN AIR FARMERS MARKET
FARMING
FISH MARKET
2 1
FARMERS MARKET
OPEN AIR FARMERS MARKET
OPEN AIR LAND BASED
BRIDGE/PATH
RESIDENTIAL
PUBLIC
WATER / FLOOD RANGE
LOCAL WILDLIFE
SEA GULS
GOLDEN EYE DUCK
CORMORAND
PEREGRI NE FALCON
PUFFINS
SEA LION
JELLY FISH
1
SEA TROUT
2
DOLPHIN
WATER
1
2020
0 ft SEA LEVEL
2120
5 ft SEA LEVEL
INDUSTRIAL ZONE
RIVER
1
SITE SECTION - A
SWIM / KAYAK
2 VOLLEYBALL
BIKE PATH
2
SEATTING/WALK
3
1
RAIN GARDEN
SWIM / SKATE
FARMING
4
ICE/SWIM 4
FARMING
5
5 DINING
RETAIL
3
WALK
MAIN WALK STREET
EXISTING RESIDENTIAL
1
PARKING
2020
PHARMACY
0 ft SEA LEVEL
SITE SECTION - B
PARKING / PATH 1
2
COFFEE SHOP
COURTYARD
GROCERY STORE
2 FARMING
RETAIL
3
2020
0 ft SEA LEVEL
2120
5 ft SEA LEVEL
LAND BASED 3
OPEN AIR FARMERS MARKET
OPEN AIR
4
WATER / FLOOD RANGE BRIDGE/PATH
4 RESIDENTIAL / FARMING
5 PUBLIC
WATER
FLOATING METHOD FLOATING SYSTEM & LOGISTICS
SOCIALIZATION
VERADAS BASEMENT/ LIVING SPACE
SLOWEST ASSEMBLY
Prefabrication: • Panel transportation • Built near site (weather inclined) • Attach utilities • Longer lead times on site
FASTEST ASSEMBLY Prefabrication: • House built in a Covered Dry Dock • Formwork of concrete flotation tank • Production line • Dry dock filled with water • House unit moored • Attach utilities • Short time assembly ON SITE
MODERATE ASSEMBLY
Prefabrication: • House built in a Wearhouse • Formwork of concrete flotation tank • Production line • Shipped and launched in water • House unit moored • Attach utilities • Longer lead time in Factory • Short time assembly
FLOATING SYSTEM & LOGISTICS
METHODS OF FABRICATION
TUB
DUTCH METHOD
BUILDING SECTION • CONCRETE TANK (UPWARD FORCE) • HIGH STRENGTH SHELL DOUBLE REINFORCED CONCRETE • DOES NOT REQUIRE ENFORCED RIBS ALLOWING FOR AN OPEN FLOOR
SOCIALIZATION
MOORING POLES HIGH CENTER OF GRAVITY
BASEMENT/ LIVING SPACE
LIGHT WEIGHT WOOD
VERADAS
BUILDING HEIGHT 7M+ 23 FT +
BASEMENT/ LIVING SPACE
LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURE 3 FLOORS
UNSTABLE
FOAM PLATFORM ISLAND
CANADIAN METHOD
LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURE
PILES OVER EMBANKMENT LIMITED DEPTH
STRUCTURE
BUILDING SECTION • INVERTED CONCRETE TANK (PLATFORM-UPWARD FORCE) • ANTI-CAPSIZING PERFORMANCE (DEPTH, FLOTATION BODY SIZE, HEIGHT DISTRIBUTION MASS) • LIVING SPACES ABOVE WATER LEVEL
LOW CENTER OF GRAVITY
LIGHT WEIGHT WOOD
STABLE
BUILDING HEIGHT 7M 23 FT
SOCIALIZATION BASEMENT/ LIVING SPACE
WATER RANGE 90-150 CM 3-5 FT 2 FLOORS
BUILDING STABILITY
SPACES
CONSIDERATIONS: • HOUSES MEET LOCAL CODE • UNBALANCED SEPARATELY NEED INFRASTRUCTURE TO TIE TOGETHER • FLOATED/TOWED TO LOCATION • ARCHIMEDES’S LAW: VERTICAL LOAD + FLOTATION BODY = WEIGHT OF WATER DISPLACED • REDUCED RISK OF CAPSIZING OR TILTING AT HIGH WIND PRESSURES • WIDER CONSIDER BENDING MOMENTS & TRANSPORTATION/VERTICAL MOVEMENTS OF WAVES • UTILITY SERVICES/CONNECTION/PERMITS • Mass distribution • Compensating weights • 2% maximum deviation • Stability • Movement & noise • Waves • Draught
FLOATING SYSTEM & LOGISTICS
FLOATING FORM
SOLAR MASSING SHADING
SUMMER EQUINOX DAYLIGHT LEVELS 7 DAYLIGHT 4 TWILIGHT
SUN RISE
SUN RISE
WINTER EQUINOX DAYLIGHT LEVELS 12 NIGHT 17 DAYLIGHT
SUN SET
SUN SET
ROOF SKYLIGHT/SOLAR PANEL
LARGE SKYLIGHT
SKINNY / LONG
MID SIZE
• NO SURFACE FOR SOLAR PANELS
• MEDIUM LIGHT DISPERSMENT
• OVEREXPOSED LIGHT DISTRIBUTION • HEAT LOSS
SOLAR
SKINNY / SHORT • CENTRALIZED DISPERSING AMBIANT EVENLY
ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS
STABILITY ON WATER
FORM DEVEOPMENT (SECTIONS)
STREAMING OF BUILDING
UPLIFT RESISTANCE
DRAG
DIRECT PRESSURE
ROCKING
WIND CUPPING – OPEN & RECESSED
SUCTION
INCREASED FORCE PROJECTING ELEMENTS
MASSING SLOPES
MASSING
SLOPES
MASSING
SHADING STUDY Spring Equinox March 20th
Summer Solstice June 21st
Fall Equinox September 22nd
Winter Equinox December 21st
BUILDING MASSING
FLOATING FORM
BUILDING PROGRAM ORIENTATION
BUILDING ORIENTATION
2 STORY RESIDENCE
1 STORY RESIDENCE
VERTICAL PROGRAM ADJACENCY
HORIZONTAL PROGRAM ADJACENCY WEST
PUBLI C
BEDROO M
LIVING ROOM KITCHEN
SOUTH
BRIGH T
BEDROO M
KICTHEN
LIVING
ENTRY
SHADE D
BATH /STAI RS DININ G
BATH
VIEWS
BEDROO M
EAST
STORAGE
SOUTH PRIVATE
ORIENTATION & PROGRAM
DESIGN & PROCESS
SEMY PRIVATE ENTRY KITCHEN DINING LIVING GARDEN
VERY PRIVATE SLEEP STORAGE FULL PRIVACY FISH/SWIM
NORT H
NORT H
STRUCTURE
ROOF
WIND
WIND TURBINE
SOLAR SHINGLES SOLAR SHINGLES
WATER WATER COLLECTION
• • •
2 X 6 TIMBER BEAMS 6X6 WOOD COLUMNS 10’-0” ON CENTER SPACING
WATER COLLECTION
FRESH WATER FILTERING WATER COLLECTION
500 sf house CONCRET E BASE
• • • • • •
1,000 sf house • • • • • •
2,100 avg. Electric use / year 250 kwh per month / household 2kw system 350W panels required 7 Panel size 66.38 x 40 x 1.57 inch 130 sf
WATER A
A
5
3
GAS
SOLAR PANELS
2 GENARATOR
FILTER
B
TANK COLLECTION
C 3
SOLAR
SOLAR SHINGLES
ELECTRICITY 1
RAIN/SNOW FRESH WATER
1
4,200 avg. Electric use / year 500 kwh per month / household 5kw system 350W panels required 15 Panel size 66.38 x 40 x 1.57 inch 275 sf
2
4
WATER BASED RESIDENCE
USE DRINK/BATHE APPLIANCES PLUMBING
B
HOUSE INFRASTRUCTURE
4 BATTERY/STORAGE
C
WASTE
FILTER & REUSE
USE APPLIANCES LIGHTS HEATING/COOLING
5
TECH & STRUCTURE
FLOOR PLAN
INTERIOR A A
BASEMENT/ LIVING SPACE
BEDROOM
FOAM PLATFORM ISLAND
UTILITY BATH
CANADIAN METHOD
WATER BASED
SMALL RESIDENCE
B
B DINING/KITCHEN
GROUD FLOOR
ROOF TOP
SPRING / DAWN
WINTER / NIGHT
2
1
1
A
WATER COLLECTION INTEGRATED DRAIN -VERTICAL PRESSURE TREATED WOOD CLADDING -WOOD STRUCTURE, PRESSURE TREATED -RECYCLED WOOL/TEXTILE INSULATION -TIMBER FRAME USING WOOD, GLASS, MINERAL WOOL AND STEEL, IS A SPACE EFFICIENT MOVABLE HOUSE.
B
2 INTEGRATED SOLAR PANEL
INTERIOR
FLOOR PLAN
A
A
BEDROOM
SOCIALIZATION
FAMILY ROOM
VERADAS BASEMENT/ LIVING SPACE
UTILITY
BATH
TUB B
DINING/KITCHEN
B
BEDROOM
DUTCH METHOD
WATER BASED
MEDIUM RESIDENCE
GROUD FLOOR
LEVEL BELOW
SPRING / SUNSET
SPRING / SUNRISE
2
1
FAMIL Y ROOM
DINING/KITCHEN
DINING/ KITCHEN
BEDROOM
1
WATER COLLECTION INTEGRATED DRAIN -WOOD SHINGLES -WOOD STRUCTURE, PRESSURE TREATED -RECYCLED WOOL/TEXTILE INSULATION -TIMBER FRAME USING WOOD, GLASS, MINERAL WOOL AND STEEL, IS A SPACE EFFICIENT MOVABLE HOUSE.
BEDROOM BEDROOM UTILITY
A
UTILITY
B 2 INTEGRATED SOLAR PANEL
FLOOR PLAN
ROOF TOP
A
BASEMENT/ LIVING SPACE
FAMILY ROOM
BATH
FOAM PLATFORM ISLAND
BEDROOM
PRIVATE PATIO
CANADIAN METHOD
UTILITY
B
BEDROOM
DINING/KITCHEN
ROOF TOP PATTIO
WATER BASED
LARGE RESIDENCE
GROUD FLOOR
SPRING / SUNSET
SPRING / SUNRISE
1
2 1 WATER COLLECTION
INTEGRATED DRAIN
A
-CHARRED WOOD FACADE -RECYCLED WOOL/TEXTILE INSULATION -TIMBER FRAME USING WOOD, GLASS, MINERAL WOOL AND STEEL, IS A SPACE EFFICIENT MOVABLE HOUSE.
B
2 INTEGRATED SOLAR PANEL
GARDEN DIVING PLATFORM/SWIM
PRIVATE BAR CAFE THEATER STAGE GARDEN
0’ 10’
25’
50’
100’
FLOATING PLATFORMS
ISLANDS
GATHERED ARRANGEMENT
INDIVIDUAL ARRANGEMENT
STRUCTURE
PROGRAM: • GARDEN • SAUNA • DIVING PLATFORM/SWIM • FLOATING FISH MARKET • THEATER/CONCERTS/STAGE • BAR/CAFÉ
MATERIALS: • PRESSURE TREATED WOOD STRUCTURE
PLAN
ISLAND PERSPECTIVE
Advisor: Kelly Vresilovic THESIS 2020
Resiliency in Vejle, Denmark
THANK YOU !
ALEXANDRA CULCIAR
FLOATING COMMUNITY Sculpture by British artist Jason de Caires Taylor PHOTO: DPA