Connie LIN

solis

a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness Connie Lin Joanne Aitken

BRIDGEPORT, CHICAGO, IL LINCOLN PARK ZOO

HANSON PARK

the 606

HUMBOLDT PARK

RESIDENTIAL BOUNDARY

MILLENIUM PARK

GARFIELD PARK CONSERVATORY

COLUMBUS PARK

CHICAGO MARATHON ROUTE (26.2 MILE LOOP)

DOUGLAS PARK

LAKE SHORE DRIVE

MCGUANE PARK

WILLIS TOWER VANTAGE

PARK 571

“Our asphalt-draped cities starve us out WILLIS TOWER of a healthy 2ND TALLEST BUILDING IN

ADLER PLANETARIUM

600’

THE UNITED STATES (MOUNTAIN)

MCKINLEY PARK

Connie Lin

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Joanne Aitken

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Thesis 2017-2018

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0’

20,000’

40,000’

Drexel University

MEGA: CHICAGO PARK NETWORK

590’

590’

INDUSTRY (PLAINS)

AGO

CHIC

SITE

PENINSULA

(LOWLANDS) 584’

LAKE MICHIGAN

HIGHWAY ACOUSTIC BARRIER (CLIFF)

LEGEND: 5 MIN WALKING DISTANCE

ongoing relationship with nature”

(OCEAN)

PROGRAMMING Subtitle

Connie Lin

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Joanne Aitken

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Thesis 2017-2018

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0’

20,000’

40,000’

Drexel University

MACRO: MENTAL HEALTH DESERT

- Sarah Goldhagen

CONTAMINANTS: gas tar oil grease metal VOCs benzene toluene ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) PAHs cyanide

(Welcome to Your World 17) 0’

1600’

THE URBAN JUNGLE WETLAND/PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM LEGEND: CSO OUTFLOW

MAMMALS

EPA SUPERFUND SITE (DESIGNATED 2007)

PROGRAMMING Subtitle

3200’

“BUBBLY CREEK” Connie Lin

BROWNFIELD CLEANUP

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Joanne Aitken

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Thesis 2017-2018

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0’

400’

800’

Drexel University

MACRO: EPA SUPERFUND SITE

BIRDS

REPTILES

MACROINVERTEBRAE

HUMANS LEGEND: CAR CTA LINE

FISH

BUS

Connie Lin

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Joanne Aitken

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Thesis 2017-2018

mink beaver coyote red fox river otter white-tailed deer weasels

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0’

200’

400’

Drexel University

MICRO: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

MAPPING SUMMARY solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness

AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM

EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS

belted kingfisher double-crested cormorant great blue heron mallard duck osprey bass

american toad blue-spotted salamander garter snake northern leopard frog painted turtle snapping turtle crayfish cranefly larva dobson fly larva mussels damselfly larva fish hotel catfish release nesting cavities fish habitat

blue gill channel catfish common carp largemouth bass pumpkinseed sunfish

CHICAGO ECOLOGY

SITE MATRIX

PROGRAMMING In the United States, the growing need for anxiety and depression treatment has exceeded the capabilities of our healthcare system. In order to make therapy and rehabilitation affordable and accessible to everyone, it is imperative to consider the restorative healing properties of nature. By synthesizing natural environments in terms of environmental psychology, neuroscience and sensory stimulation, it can be understood how architecture affects human emotions and mental health. This therapeutic restoration center seeks to choreograph a rehabilitation experience based upon the principles of biophilic design in one of the most intense mental environments.

BUILT PROGRAM 62,000 SF

SITE PROGRAM 400,000 SF 8.6 acres

"Sometimes we just need a change in environment to see our world in a better light.�

LANDSCAPE PROGRAM

- Michele Mokuau

338,000 SF

PROGRAMMING SUMMARY 23. In terms of population density, what type of social environment do you feel most safe?

26. Which of the following images do you find to be the most relaxing?

PROGRAM ADJACENCIES 29. Where is your relaxing and safe place? most common answers: bed, home, beach, bath, couch, near water, nature, hammock, mountains

DOES NOT WANT TO BE PICTURED

In August 2017, 120 anonymous participants took this survey that encompassed personal questions about mental health, emotional therapy and ecosystem preferences. These notable answers informed the overall design concept.

DR. TRACY BURKE, PSY.D.

MAYVA DONNAN, ROSSITZA AIA, LEED AP IOVTCHEVA

PSYCHOLOGISTS

ANONYMOUS PUBLIC SURVEY Connie Lin

STANLEY URBANIAK

LEANDRO CORTEZ

ANONYMOUS

HEALTHCARE DESIGNERS

HALEY KITTEL

PATIENTS

PERSONAL INTERVIEWS |

Joanne Aitken

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Thesis 2017-2018

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Drexel University

CULTURAL PRECEDENTS UNITY

FLOW

japanese

arabic

STRUCTURE OPEN-DOOR

RIGIDITY

german

english

american

CROSS CULTURAL BEHAVIOR LIGHT

STRUCTURE

SKY

BUILDING

UNKNOWN - 3250 B.C. County Meath, Ireland FUNERARY -WINTER SOLSTICE

Beautiful Meath Tours

WINTER SOLSTICE

TUMULUS

GREAT PYRAMIDS

EGYPTIAN - 2560 B.C. Giza, Egypt

DRY PLACE OF BURIAL

Science Alert

ATHENIAN EMPIRE - 447 B.C. Athens, Greece PAGAN

KEY PROGRAM 7 cell blocks - 450 cells at first (8’-0”W x 12’-0”L x 10’-0”H) plumbing courtyards/exercise yards (same size of cell) worship space kitchen warden’s house at center skylights plumbing cafeteria solitary confinement (basement)

RADIAL

PAIMIO TUBERCULOSIS SANATORIUM

145 patient rooms patient galleries single loaded corridor outdoor terraces for views of nature (120 people) common rooms indoor rest room dining room workshop (on south side with solar control) cantilevered decks (25 people) service sector doctor and staff housing

BAR

BANCROFT AUTISM CAMPUS

Transitional housing/(36 patient beds) Nursing facilities (6) Elem. school (age 7-21) High school Administrative programs Therapy: Pool for water therapy technology room art and music horticulture center Sensory/therapy rooms Community space: Food Service Gymnasium outdoor public space

ACROPOLIS

Reed Library

GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA

MUSLIM, CATHOLIC - 784 Cordoba, Spain CONTROVERSIAL

J-Fish

CANOPY

HYPOSTYLE

TEMPLES OF BOROBUDUR

BUDDHISTS - 750 Yogyakarta, Indonesia MANDALA CONFIGURATION

The History Hub

MOUNTAINS

STUPA

MANDALA

CHACO CANYON

PUEBLOANS - 900 New Mexico, USA

HUMANS HAVE EVOLVED FROM THE EARTH

Socks Studio

PITHOUSE

FRAME

KIVA

Alvar Aalto Paimio, Finland 1933

RYOANJI TEMPLE

ZEN BUDDHISTS - 1450 Kyoto, Japan

MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE

Vincent Briccoli

COMPOSITION

HARMONY

HISTORIC PRECEDENTS FREEWAY PARK

LOUISIANA MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

Seattle, WA Lawrence Halprin

CHASM

Pinterest

Yellow Trace

LOVELL HEALTH HOUSE

Humlebæk, Denmark VANTAGE Jørgen Bo & Wilhlem Wohlert

NORWEGIAN WILD REINDEER PAVILION

Los Angeles, CA Richard Neutra

Hjerkinn, Dovre, Norway Snohetta

INTEGRATION

Arch Daily

Snohetta

Williamstown, MA Tadao Ando Architects

REFRACTION

FRAME

OLYMPIC SCULPTURE PARK

CLARK ART INSTITUTE Arch Daily

Weiss/Manfredi

EXPERIENCE

Seattle, WA Weiss/Manfredi

LANDSCAPE PRECEDENTS solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

EASTERN STATE PENITENTIARY John Haviland Philadelphia, PA 1836

REFRACTION

PARTHENON

sky

nature

BIOPHILIC RESPONSES

NATURE

NEWGRANGE

light

KSS ARCHITECTS Mount Laurel, NJ 2018

LIGHT

SKY

COURTYARD 178,000 SF 90 acres $75 million

THE EVOLUTION OF REHABILATION

NATURE

BIOPHILIC EXPLORATION 1 out of 5 people in the United States are diagnosed with a form of mental illness.

prospect

refuge

mystery

(National Alliance of Mental Health 2017)

risk

33%

65 million 323 million

20%

BIOPHILIC PRINCIPLES

(U.S. population)

diagnosed

undiagnosed

108 million 323 million

(U.S. population)

suicides are the 3rd leading cause of death in the United States for children ages 10-24 (2017) and the 10th leading cause of death (800,000 people each year) in the United States for adults (2017) (World Health Organization)

REALISTIC

60%-65% of people with mental illness did not receive aid in the past year Toucheng, Taiwan

Malaga, Spain

PARTI

narcolepsy

alzheimer's dementia

DESTILLATION

low sensitivity

high sensitivity

memory

attention

most triggers common*

OCD paranoia phobias

Bali, Indonesia

PTSD bipolardisorder

Kutztown, Pennsylvania

depression anxiety

Bali, Indonesia

schizophrenia ADHD autism

Nairobi, Kenya

dyslexia

Darien, Panama

insomnia

Nairobi, Kenya

fear

MENTAL HEALTH

LIGHT

“People generally come to prefer those [natural settings] with which they are most familiar.”

SKY

- John Balling and John Falk

(Development of Visual Preferences 10) NATURE EMOTIONS REHABILITION SENSES

BENAGIL SEA CAVE PARANOIA VULNERABILITY MOTIVATION SECURITY RESTORATION

PERSPECTIVE

VANTAGE

COMMUNITY

CONTROL

PROTECTION SECURITY SAFETY

PROTECTION RETREAT

ISOLATION SOCIAL SUPPORT

WATER

LIGHT

ANTELOPE CANYON

Algarve, Portugal

CONTROL

CONTROL

CONTROL

MOVEMENT AMBITION

MOVEMENT FREEDOM

STRONG FORTIFICATION

SHELTER RETREAT

RELAXATION

PSYCHOLOGICAL STRENGTH

RESTORATION

RESTORATION

RESTORATION

Arizona, USA

MixMag

Trip Advisor

NOMIZO FALLS

GOA JAMBLONG

Kimitsu, Japan

Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Yokoso Japan Tour

Indonesia Paradise

SELJALANDSFOSS WATERFALL

moments

canyon

(fortification)

forest

(vulnerability)

savannah (vantage)

cliff

(safety)

cave

(protection)

waterfall (ambition)

coastal

(rejuvenation)

mountain

ZHANGJIAJIE NATIONAL FOREST PARK

Skógafoss, Iceland

Wulingyuan, China

(strength)

Blame the Monkey

ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Connie Lin

|

Google Tour

LANDFORM PRECEDENTS Joanne Aitken

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Thesis 2017-2018

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Drexel University

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

PARTI

PROGRAM

EMOTIONAL ALLOCATION

SCALE: 1" = 64'-0"

PRELIMINARY SITE DESIGN

SCALE: 1" = 64'-0"

STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM

DIAGRAMMATIC MODELS "a small change can have a large impact" - The Butterfly Effect coined by Edward Lorenz

MASSING

American mathematician & meteriologist

DIAGRAMS

BREAKOUT SPACES

DESIGN EVOLUTION solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness

SITE ORIENTATION

ANNUAL HVAC COST: $7,785

NET ZERO ENERGY

KINESTHETIC DESIGN PROCESS

SCALE: 1" = 8'-0"

SCALE: 1" = 16'-0"

SCALE: 1" = 16'-0"

SCALE: 1" = 16'-0"

"PATTERNED COMPLEXITY"

SCALE: 1" = 32'-0"

SECTION SOLAR STUDY

SITE MODEL

FINAL MODELS

“think for a moment... how many years are required to train children to subordinate the world of touch to the visual world”

CODE REVIEW Connie Lin

- Edward Hall (The Hidden Dimension 60)

|

Joanne Aitken

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Thesis 2017-2018

|

Drexel University

LANDSCAPE EXPERIENTIAL SCRIPT CHAOS/TURMOIL

PANIC/FEAR/ANXIETY FOREST

CANYON

enter sanctuary

ACT I:

RISK/ATTEMPT

AUDITORY REHABILITATION SOUNDTRACK correlation

EMOTION SMELL

inverse

- Edward Hall (The Hidden Dimension 105)

exit sanctuary

the recovery

REHABILITATION JOURNEY MOMENTS

MOUNTAIN

ACT V:

try, try again

“to be disoriented in space is to be pyschotic"

SUSTAINABILITY/LONGEVITY

INDIVIDUALITY/MELODY

WATERFALL

ACT IV:

CAVE/CLIFF/WATERFALL

CACOPHONY

CLIFF

RESTORATION

COASTAL

CONTROL SAFETY/PROTECTION

self discovery

getting help

AMBITION/SUCCESS

WATERFALL

SAVANNAH

ACT III:

ACT II:

anxiety/depression

DIAGNOSIS

SOCIAL SUPPORT

ENTER

DIAGNOSIS

chaos

fear

vulnerablility

friendship

HOUSING

safety

water (rebirth)

urban

REHABILITION

CONTROL

woods (home)

peace

EXIT

OUTPATIENT THERAPY

pride vanilla (sweet)

energy

risk

ambition

citrus

mint

replenishment rejuvenation salt/sand (refreshing)

stability floral

SPEED

(PATIENT)

SPEED

(VISITOR)

correlation proportional integral

ACOUSTICS

- Sarah Goldhagen (Welcome to Your World 38)

DENSITY

(BODY HEAT)

HEAT

(WARMTH)

PERSONAL correlation

“our built environments are the instruments on which this orchestra of our sense plays its music”

PRIVACY

WATER WIND

LIGHTING

ECOSYSTEM ORGANIZATION

canyon

(fortification)

forest

(vulnerability)

savannah (vantage)

cave

(protection)

cliff

(safety)

waterfall (ambition)

EXPERIENTIAL CHOREOGRAPHY solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness

coastal

(rejuvenation)

mountain (strength)

RESTORATION CENTER EXPERIENTIAL SCRIPT AMBITION

VULNERABILITY

MOTIVATION

COMFORT

THERAPY

AMBITION

EDUCATION

FITNESS

patient public

TRUST

VULNERABILITY

NUTRITION

PEACE

PRIDE

THERAPY

CREATIVITY

SANCTUARY

ACT V: THE RECOVERY

composed by Connie Lin and Adam Naar

ENTER RESTORATION CENTER

EXIT

energy

PROGRAM

risk ENTRY

try THERAPEUTIC

ambition EDUCATION

reflection

FITNESS

FOOD

THERAPEUTIC

CREATIVITY

replenishment rejuvenation

LANDSCAPE

EMOTIONS ambition

vulnerability

comfort

ambition

trust

vulnerability

VULNERABILITY PATIENT UNIVERSAL

AMBITION

SOCIAL SETTING

AMBITION AWARENESS/ EDUCATION

ACCLIMATION

PUBLIC

MOTIVATION

COMFORT/SECURITY

MOTIVATION

pride

peace

BREAKOUT SPACES SOCIAL SETTING

RELAXATION/ PRIDE

APPLICATION & UNDERSTANDING

inverse

SPEED (PATIENT) SPEED (PUBLIC)

integral

correlation

ACOUSTICS

PRIVACY DENSITY (BODY HEAT) PERSONAL SPACE ECOSYSTEMS

WATERFALL

FOREST

CAVE

WATERFALL

CLIFF

FOREST

COASTAL

MOUNTAIN/ SAVANNAH

EXPERIENTIAL CHOREOGRAPHY Connie Lin

|

Joanne Aitken

|

Thesis 2017-2018

|

Drexel University

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

“Recognizing patterned organization produces in us the sensation of pleasure and rewards us with a little jolt of opioids in our brain” - Sarah Goldhagen (Welcome to Your World 221)

CATENARY ARCH

ROOF CONCEPT

KOGOD PAVILION/SMITHSONIAN FOSTER & PARTNERS

CENTRE POMPIDOU METZ SHIGERU BAN ARCHITECTS

FLOOR PLATES solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness

PRECEDENTS

STRUCTURAL AXONOMETRIC

KINESTHETIC CHOREOGRAPHY

"with anxiety, always knowing where the exit is comforting" - Stanley Urbaniak

UNITED STATES ANXIETY PROXEMICS

MATERIALITY

SPACE FRAME SIZING

SOLAR CHOREOGRAPHY "It is important to get 10 minutes of sunlight everyday without UV protected sunglasses"

PARAMETRIC TESSELLATION

- Dr. Tracy Burke, Psy.D. Connie Lin

|

Joanne Aitken

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Thesis 2017-2018

|

Drexel University

WATER REMEDIATION GALLONS OF WATER PER DAY: 32,920 gallons

ROOF CATCHMENT AREA: 65,144 SF

MAX. ANNUAL RAINWATER COLLECTION (ROOF): 1,461,833 gallons 6-12% OF BUILDING'S YEARLY DEMAND

GALLONS OF WATER PER YEAR: 12,015800 gallons

visual

olfactory

auditory

kinesthetic

thermal

HEALING STIMULI

0’

64’

128’

HEALING WATER FEATURES RAINWATER HARVESTING STRATEGY

WATER CHOREOGRAPHY

“positive emotional responses to environments containing water elements; reduced stress, increased feelings of tranquility, and lower heart rate and blood pressure from exposure to water features; improved concentration and memory restoration” - William Browning, Catherine Ryan & Joseph Clancy (“14 Patterns of Biophilic Design” 32)

NORTHERLY ISLAND STUDIO GANG

WATER

VEGETATION

ROCK

REMEDIATION STRATEGIES solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness

1900

1929

1953

1963

INDUSTRIAL TIMELINE

1993

THERMAL COMFORT

air

water

nourishment

light

fitness

comfort

mind

WELL STANDARDS

SECTION DETAIL

PASSIVE STRATEGIES VERTICAL AIR DISTRIBUTION FIRST FLOOR PLAN

COOLING STRATEGY 765,986 BTU/yr

HORIZONTAL AIR DISTRIBUTION GROUND FOOR PLAN

HEATING STRATEGY

ALL-AIR RADIANT SYSTEM

760,887,280 BTU/yr

Connie Lin

|

Joanne Aitken

|

Thesis 2017-2018

|

Drexel University

AUDITORY ENVELOPE

VOCAL CLASS

ELEVATION CHOREOGRAPHY

AVIATORY ORCHESTRA

STOPOVER: CHICAGO, IL

FACADE COMPOSITION

“the psychological benefits of nature have been shown to increase with exposure to higher levels of biodiversity” - William Browning, Catherine Ryan and Joseph Clancy (“14 Patterns of Biophilic Design” 16)

MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY MIGRATION ROUTE

ELEVATIONS UNWRAPPED solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness

Data from Migratory Birds of the Great Lakes Illustrations by David Allen Sibley

BIOPHILIC STIMULATION

“Human beings connect physiologically and psychologically to structures embodying organized complexity” - Stephen Kellert (Biophilic Design 63)

REFUGE

RISK

SOCIOFUGAL seclusion

SOCIOPETAL interaction

BREAKOUT SPACES

SOCIOFUGAL

SOCIOPETAL

0’

4’

8’

0’

WALL SECTIONS

8’

16’

WEIGHTED BLANKET ANCHOR Connie Lin

|

Joanne Aitken

|

Thesis 2017-2018

|

Drexel University

THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT "there is a freedom of choice. it doesn’t matter if you go left or right" - Haley Kittel

THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT

PRELIMINARY LANDSCAPE DESIGN

"wayfinding and clear circulation cues can neurologically harmonize our chemical imbalance" - Rossitza Iovtcheva

CHICAGO RIVER REMEDIATION

TECHNICAL REVIEW solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness

0’

128’

256’

SITE PLAN

THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

homogenous mass

fracture

infiltration

erosion

fragmentation

BUILDING CONCEPT

GROUND FLOOR PLAN Connie Lin

FIRST FLOOR PLAN |

Joanne Aitken

|

Thesis 2017-2018

|

0’

48’

96’

Drexel University

THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

“It’s decoration maybe on some level, but it’s medicine”

- Krista Tippet

(The Science of Healing Podcast [with Esther Sternberg])

CONTROL SAVANNAH

SECURITY CLIFF

PROTECTION CAVE

FREEDOM COASTAL

solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness

STRENGTH MOUNTAIN

AMBITION WATERFALL

ISOLATION FOREST

VULNERABILITY CANYON

THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

“Biophilic design can reduce stress, enhance creativity and clarity of thought, improve our well-being and expedite healing; as the world population continues to urbanize” - William Browning, Catherine Ryan and Joseph Clancy (“14 Patterns of Biophilic Design” 3)

PRIDE

CREATIVE STUDIO

AMBITION

TRUST

FITNESS

MOTIVATION WATER THERAPY

NUTRITION LAB

RISK

Connie Lin

COMFORT

CALM

INTERIOR ATRIUM

CURIOSITY HUB

SANCTUARY |

Joanne Aitken

|

Thesis 2017-2018

|

Drexel University

MENTAL ILLNESS

10,000 BC.

6500 BC Trephination (drill hole in skull) 5,000 BC

perception0

The United States has the most expensive healthcare system in the world...

500 BC Ancient Persians considered “demonic�

BC

1700 Mental Asylums - ice baths, straightjackets, electroshocks and isolation rooms

1700

18% of the GDP ($3,200,000,000 in 2015) $500,000,000 for mental health and $324,000,000 for prescription drugs (65%)

1800

1840 -1880 Mental Health Reform:

experiment

...and is one of the most depressed countries in the world.

1900

1952 First Anti-Depressant 1960

ranking 3rd behind India and China for anxiety and depression 1979 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

1980

1997 Congress recognizes suicide as a national problem

dialogue

2005 National Suicide Prevention 2010 Affordable Care Act

2000

2017 Mental Health (Alzheimers, dementia, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia) is on the pre-existing conditions list

2020

THE STIGMA MENTAL WELLNESS

The United States is the biggest consumer of antidepressants.

85% of people diagnosed with a mental illness are on antidepressants.

ENVIRONMENT

EXPERIENCES

Less than 1/3 of people on antidepressants have not seen a mental health professional.

work

stress

school

fitness

neurology

nutrition

family

friends

relationships physical health

built

natural

social

ARCHITECTURAL POTENTIAL solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness

Data pooled from Business Insider, Forbes, World Health Organization, National Association of Mental Illness, National Health Expenditures 2015, The New York Times, U.S. News; Icons from the Noun Project

"not everyone can access healthcare treatment, but everyone can experience biophilic design."

- Connie Lin

Connie Lin

|

Joanne Aitken

|

Thesis 2017-2018

|

Drexel University

solis