solis
a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness Connie Lin Joanne Aitken
BRIDGEPORT, CHICAGO, IL LINCOLN PARK ZOO
HANSON PARK
the 606
HUMBOLDT PARK
RESIDENTIAL BOUNDARY
MILLENIUM PARK
GARFIELD PARK CONSERVATORY
COLUMBUS PARK
CHICAGO MARATHON ROUTE (26.2 MILE LOOP)
DOUGLAS PARK
LAKE SHORE DRIVE
MCGUANE PARK
WILLIS TOWER VANTAGE
PARK 571
“Our asphalt-draped cities starve us out WILLIS TOWER of a healthy 2ND TALLEST BUILDING IN
ADLER PLANETARIUM
600’
THE UNITED STATES (MOUNTAIN)
MCKINLEY PARK
Connie Lin
|
Joanne Aitken
|
Thesis 2017-2018
|
0’
20,000’
40,000’
Drexel University
MEGA: CHICAGO PARK NETWORK
590’
590’
INDUSTRY (PLAINS)
AGO
CHIC
SITE
PENINSULA
(LOWLANDS) 584’
LAKE MICHIGAN
HIGHWAY ACOUSTIC BARRIER (CLIFF)
LEGEND: 5 MIN WALKING DISTANCE
ongoing relationship with nature”
(OCEAN)
PROGRAMMING Subtitle
Connie Lin
|
Joanne Aitken
|
Thesis 2017-2018
|
0’
20,000’
40,000’
Drexel University
MACRO: MENTAL HEALTH DESERT
- Sarah Goldhagen
CONTAMINANTS: gas tar oil grease metal VOCs benzene toluene ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) PAHs cyanide
(Welcome to Your World 17) 0’
1600’
THE URBAN JUNGLE WETLAND/PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM LEGEND: CSO OUTFLOW
MAMMALS
EPA SUPERFUND SITE (DESIGNATED 2007)
PROGRAMMING Subtitle
3200’
“BUBBLY CREEK” Connie Lin
BROWNFIELD CLEANUP
|
Joanne Aitken
|
Thesis 2017-2018
|
0’
400’
800’
Drexel University
MACRO: EPA SUPERFUND SITE
BIRDS
REPTILES
MACROINVERTEBRAE
HUMANS LEGEND: CAR CTA LINE
FISH
BUS
Connie Lin
|
Joanne Aitken
|
Thesis 2017-2018
mink beaver coyote red fox river otter white-tailed deer weasels
|
0’
200’
400’
Drexel University
MICRO: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
MAPPING SUMMARY solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS
belted kingfisher double-crested cormorant great blue heron mallard duck osprey bass
american toad blue-spotted salamander garter snake northern leopard frog painted turtle snapping turtle crayfish cranefly larva dobson fly larva mussels damselfly larva fish hotel catfish release nesting cavities fish habitat
blue gill channel catfish common carp largemouth bass pumpkinseed sunfish
CHICAGO ECOLOGY
SITE MATRIX
PROGRAMMING In the United States, the growing need for anxiety and depression treatment has exceeded the capabilities of our healthcare system. In order to make therapy and rehabilitation affordable and accessible to everyone, it is imperative to consider the restorative healing properties of nature. By synthesizing natural environments in terms of environmental psychology, neuroscience and sensory stimulation, it can be understood how architecture affects human emotions and mental health. This therapeutic restoration center seeks to choreograph a rehabilitation experience based upon the principles of biophilic design in one of the most intense mental environments.
BUILT PROGRAM 62,000 SF
SITE PROGRAM 400,000 SF 8.6 acres
"Sometimes we just need a change in environment to see our world in a better light.�
LANDSCAPE PROGRAM
- Michele Mokuau
338,000 SF
PROGRAMMING SUMMARY 23. In terms of population density, what type of social environment do you feel most safe?
26. Which of the following images do you find to be the most relaxing?
PROGRAM ADJACENCIES 29. Where is your relaxing and safe place? most common answers: bed, home, beach, bath, couch, near water, nature, hammock, mountains
DOES NOT WANT TO BE PICTURED
In August 2017, 120 anonymous participants took this survey that encompassed personal questions about mental health, emotional therapy and ecosystem preferences. These notable answers informed the overall design concept.
DR. TRACY BURKE, PSY.D.
MAYVA DONNAN, ROSSITZA AIA, LEED AP IOVTCHEVA
PSYCHOLOGISTS
ANONYMOUS PUBLIC SURVEY Connie Lin
STANLEY URBANIAK
LEANDRO CORTEZ
ANONYMOUS
HEALTHCARE DESIGNERS
HALEY KITTEL
PATIENTS
PERSONAL INTERVIEWS |
Joanne Aitken
|
Thesis 2017-2018
|
Drexel University
CULTURAL PRECEDENTS UNITY
FLOW
japanese
arabic
STRUCTURE OPEN-DOOR
RIGIDITY
german
english
american
CROSS CULTURAL BEHAVIOR LIGHT
STRUCTURE
SKY
BUILDING
UNKNOWN - 3250 B.C. County Meath, Ireland FUNERARY -WINTER SOLSTICE
Beautiful Meath Tours
WINTER SOLSTICE
TUMULUS
GREAT PYRAMIDS
EGYPTIAN - 2560 B.C. Giza, Egypt
DRY PLACE OF BURIAL
Science Alert
ATHENIAN EMPIRE - 447 B.C. Athens, Greece PAGAN
KEY PROGRAM 7 cell blocks - 450 cells at first (8’-0”W x 12’-0”L x 10’-0”H) plumbing courtyards/exercise yards (same size of cell) worship space kitchen warden’s house at center skylights plumbing cafeteria solitary confinement (basement)
RADIAL
PAIMIO TUBERCULOSIS SANATORIUM
145 patient rooms patient galleries single loaded corridor outdoor terraces for views of nature (120 people) common rooms indoor rest room dining room workshop (on south side with solar control) cantilevered decks (25 people) service sector doctor and staff housing
BAR
BANCROFT AUTISM CAMPUS
Transitional housing/(36 patient beds) Nursing facilities (6) Elem. school (age 7-21) High school Administrative programs Therapy: Pool for water therapy technology room art and music horticulture center Sensory/therapy rooms Community space: Food Service Gymnasium outdoor public space
ACROPOLIS
Reed Library
GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA
MUSLIM, CATHOLIC - 784 Cordoba, Spain CONTROVERSIAL
J-Fish
CANOPY
HYPOSTYLE
TEMPLES OF BOROBUDUR
BUDDHISTS - 750 Yogyakarta, Indonesia MANDALA CONFIGURATION
The History Hub
MOUNTAINS
STUPA
MANDALA
CHACO CANYON
PUEBLOANS - 900 New Mexico, USA
HUMANS HAVE EVOLVED FROM THE EARTH
Socks Studio
PITHOUSE
FRAME
KIVA
Alvar Aalto Paimio, Finland 1933
RYOANJI TEMPLE
ZEN BUDDHISTS - 1450 Kyoto, Japan
MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE
Vincent Briccoli
COMPOSITION
HARMONY
HISTORIC PRECEDENTS FREEWAY PARK
LOUISIANA MUSEUM OF MODERN ART
Seattle, WA Lawrence Halprin
CHASM
Yellow Trace
LOVELL HEALTH HOUSE
Humlebæk, Denmark VANTAGE Jørgen Bo & Wilhlem Wohlert
NORWEGIAN WILD REINDEER PAVILION
Los Angeles, CA Richard Neutra
Hjerkinn, Dovre, Norway Snohetta
INTEGRATION
Arch Daily
Snohetta
Williamstown, MA Tadao Ando Architects
REFRACTION
FRAME
OLYMPIC SCULPTURE PARK
CLARK ART INSTITUTE Arch Daily
Weiss/Manfredi
EXPERIENCE
Seattle, WA Weiss/Manfredi
LANDSCAPE PRECEDENTS solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
EASTERN STATE PENITENTIARY John Haviland Philadelphia, PA 1836
REFRACTION
PARTHENON
sky
nature
BIOPHILIC RESPONSES
NATURE
NEWGRANGE
light
KSS ARCHITECTS Mount Laurel, NJ 2018
LIGHT
SKY
COURTYARD 178,000 SF 90 acres $75 million
THE EVOLUTION OF REHABILATION
NATURE
BIOPHILIC EXPLORATION 1 out of 5 people in the United States are diagnosed with a form of mental illness.
prospect
refuge
mystery
(National Alliance of Mental Health 2017)
risk
33%
65 million 323 million
20%
BIOPHILIC PRINCIPLES
(U.S. population)
diagnosed
undiagnosed
108 million 323 million
(U.S. population)
suicides are the 3rd leading cause of death in the United States for children ages 10-24 (2017) and the 10th leading cause of death (800,000 people each year) in the United States for adults (2017) (World Health Organization)
REALISTIC
60%-65% of people with mental illness did not receive aid in the past year Toucheng, Taiwan
Malaga, Spain
PARTI
narcolepsy
alzheimer's dementia
DESTILLATION
low sensitivity
high sensitivity
memory
attention
most triggers common*
OCD paranoia phobias
Bali, Indonesia
PTSD bipolardisorder
Kutztown, Pennsylvania
depression anxiety
Bali, Indonesia
schizophrenia ADHD autism
Nairobi, Kenya
dyslexia
Darien, Panama
insomnia
Nairobi, Kenya
fear
MENTAL HEALTH
LIGHT
“People generally come to prefer those [natural settings] with which they are most familiar.” SKY
- John Balling and John Falk
(Development of Visual Preferences 10) NATURE EMOTIONS REHABILITION SENSES
BENAGIL SEA CAVE PARANOIA VULNERABILITY MOTIVATION SECURITY RESTORATION
PERSPECTIVE
VANTAGE
COMMUNITY
CONTROL
PROTECTION SECURITY SAFETY
PROTECTION RETREAT
ISOLATION SOCIAL SUPPORT
WATER
LIGHT
ANTELOPE CANYON
Algarve, Portugal
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
MOVEMENT AMBITION
MOVEMENT FREEDOM
STRONG FORTIFICATION
SHELTER RETREAT
RELAXATION
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRENGTH
RESTORATION
RESTORATION
RESTORATION
Arizona, USA
MixMag
Trip Advisor
NOMIZO FALLS
GOA JAMBLONG
Kimitsu, Japan
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Yokoso Japan Tour
Indonesia Paradise
SELJALANDSFOSS WATERFALL
moments
canyon
(fortification)
forest
(vulnerability)
savannah (vantage)
cliff
(safety)
cave
(protection)
waterfall (ambition)
coastal
(rejuvenation)
mountain
ZHANGJIAJIE NATIONAL FOREST PARK
Skógafoss, Iceland
Wulingyuan, China
(strength)
Blame the Monkey
ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Connie Lin
|
Google Tour
LANDFORM PRECEDENTS Joanne Aitken
|
Thesis 2017-2018
|
Drexel University
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
PARTI
PROGRAM
EMOTIONAL ALLOCATION
SCALE: 1" = 64'-0"
PRELIMINARY SITE DESIGN
SCALE: 1" = 64'-0"
STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM
DIAGRAMMATIC MODELS "a small change can have a large impact" - The Butterfly Effect coined by Edward Lorenz
MASSING
American mathematician & meteriologist
DIAGRAMS
BREAKOUT SPACES
DESIGN EVOLUTION solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness
SITE ORIENTATION
ANNUAL HVAC COST: $7,785
NET ZERO ENERGY
KINESTHETIC DESIGN PROCESS
SCALE: 1" = 8'-0"
SCALE: 1" = 16'-0"
SCALE: 1" = 16'-0"
SCALE: 1" = 16'-0"
"PATTERNED COMPLEXITY"
SCALE: 1" = 32'-0"
SECTION SOLAR STUDY
SITE MODEL
FINAL MODELS
“think for a moment... how many years are required to train children to subordinate the world of touch to the visual world”
CODE REVIEW Connie Lin
- Edward Hall (The Hidden Dimension 60)
|
Joanne Aitken
|
Thesis 2017-2018
|
Drexel University
LANDSCAPE EXPERIENTIAL SCRIPT CHAOS/TURMOIL
PANIC/FEAR/ANXIETY FOREST
CANYON
enter sanctuary
ACT I:
RISK/ATTEMPT
AUDITORY REHABILITATION SOUNDTRACK correlation
EMOTION SMELL
inverse
- Edward Hall (The Hidden Dimension 105)
exit sanctuary
the recovery
REHABILITATION JOURNEY MOMENTS
MOUNTAIN
ACT V:
try, try again
“to be disoriented in space is to be pyschotic"
SUSTAINABILITY/LONGEVITY
INDIVIDUALITY/MELODY
WATERFALL
ACT IV:
CAVE/CLIFF/WATERFALL
CACOPHONY
CLIFF
RESTORATION
COASTAL
CONTROL SAFETY/PROTECTION
self discovery
getting help
AMBITION/SUCCESS
WATERFALL
SAVANNAH
ACT III:
ACT II:
anxiety/depression
DIAGNOSIS
SOCIAL SUPPORT
ENTER
DIAGNOSIS
chaos
fear
vulnerablility
friendship
HOUSING
safety
water (rebirth)
urban
REHABILITION
CONTROL
woods (home)
peace
EXIT
OUTPATIENT THERAPY
pride vanilla (sweet)
energy
risk
ambition
citrus
mint
replenishment rejuvenation salt/sand (refreshing)
stability floral
SPEED
(PATIENT)
SPEED
(VISITOR)
correlation proportional integral
ACOUSTICS
- Sarah Goldhagen (Welcome to Your World 38)
DENSITY
(BODY HEAT)
HEAT
(WARMTH)
PERSONAL correlation
“our built environments are the instruments on which this orchestra of our sense plays its music”
PRIVACY
WATER WIND
LIGHTING
ECOSYSTEM ORGANIZATION
canyon
(fortification)
forest
(vulnerability)
savannah (vantage)
cave
(protection)
cliff
(safety)
waterfall (ambition)
EXPERIENTIAL CHOREOGRAPHY solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness
coastal
(rejuvenation)
mountain (strength)
RESTORATION CENTER EXPERIENTIAL SCRIPT AMBITION
VULNERABILITY
MOTIVATION
COMFORT
THERAPY
AMBITION
EDUCATION
FITNESS
patient public
TRUST
VULNERABILITY
NUTRITION
PEACE
PRIDE
THERAPY
CREATIVITY
SANCTUARY
ACT V: THE RECOVERY
composed by Connie Lin and Adam Naar
ENTER RESTORATION CENTER
EXIT
energy
PROGRAM
risk ENTRY
try THERAPEUTIC
ambition EDUCATION
reflection
FITNESS
FOOD
THERAPEUTIC
CREATIVITY
replenishment rejuvenation
LANDSCAPE
EMOTIONS ambition
vulnerability
comfort
ambition
trust
vulnerability
VULNERABILITY PATIENT UNIVERSAL
AMBITION
SOCIAL SETTING
AMBITION AWARENESS/ EDUCATION
ACCLIMATION
PUBLIC
MOTIVATION
COMFORT/SECURITY
MOTIVATION
pride
peace
BREAKOUT SPACES SOCIAL SETTING
RELAXATION/ PRIDE
APPLICATION & UNDERSTANDING
inverse
SPEED (PATIENT) SPEED (PUBLIC)
integral
correlation
ACOUSTICS
PRIVACY DENSITY (BODY HEAT) PERSONAL SPACE ECOSYSTEMS
WATERFALL
FOREST
CAVE
WATERFALL
CLIFF
FOREST
COASTAL
MOUNTAIN/ SAVANNAH
EXPERIENTIAL CHOREOGRAPHY Connie Lin
|
Joanne Aitken
|
Thesis 2017-2018
|
Drexel University
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
“Recognizing patterned organization produces in us the sensation of pleasure and rewards us with a little jolt of opioids in our brain” - Sarah Goldhagen (Welcome to Your World 221)
CATENARY ARCH
ROOF CONCEPT
KOGOD PAVILION/SMITHSONIAN FOSTER & PARTNERS
CENTRE POMPIDOU METZ SHIGERU BAN ARCHITECTS
FLOOR PLATES solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness
PRECEDENTS
STRUCTURAL AXONOMETRIC
KINESTHETIC CHOREOGRAPHY
"with anxiety, always knowing where the exit is comforting" - Stanley Urbaniak
UNITED STATES ANXIETY PROXEMICS
MATERIALITY
SPACE FRAME SIZING
SOLAR CHOREOGRAPHY "It is important to get 10 minutes of sunlight everyday without UV protected sunglasses"
PARAMETRIC TESSELLATION
- Dr. Tracy Burke, Psy.D. Connie Lin
|
Joanne Aitken
|
Thesis 2017-2018
|
Drexel University
WATER REMEDIATION GALLONS OF WATER PER DAY: 32,920 gallons
ROOF CATCHMENT AREA: 65,144 SF
MAX. ANNUAL RAINWATER COLLECTION (ROOF): 1,461,833 gallons 6-12% OF BUILDING'S YEARLY DEMAND
GALLONS OF WATER PER YEAR: 12,015800 gallons
visual
olfactory
auditory
kinesthetic
thermal
HEALING STIMULI
0’
64’
128’
HEALING WATER FEATURES RAINWATER HARVESTING STRATEGY
WATER CHOREOGRAPHY
“positive emotional responses to environments containing water elements; reduced stress, increased feelings of tranquility, and lower heart rate and blood pressure from exposure to water features; improved concentration and memory restoration” - William Browning, Catherine Ryan & Joseph Clancy (“14 Patterns of Biophilic Design” 32)
NORTHERLY ISLAND STUDIO GANG
WATER
VEGETATION
ROCK
REMEDIATION STRATEGIES solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness
1900
1929
1953
1963
INDUSTRIAL TIMELINE
1993
THERMAL COMFORT
air
water
nourishment
light
fitness
comfort
mind
WELL STANDARDS
SECTION DETAIL
PASSIVE STRATEGIES VERTICAL AIR DISTRIBUTION FIRST FLOOR PLAN
COOLING STRATEGY 765,986 BTU/yr
HORIZONTAL AIR DISTRIBUTION GROUND FOOR PLAN
HEATING STRATEGY
ALL-AIR RADIANT SYSTEM
760,887,280 BTU/yr
Connie Lin
|
Joanne Aitken
|
Thesis 2017-2018
|
Drexel University
AUDITORY ENVELOPE
VOCAL CLASS
ELEVATION CHOREOGRAPHY
AVIATORY ORCHESTRA
STOPOVER: CHICAGO, IL
FACADE COMPOSITION
“the psychological benefits of nature have been shown to increase with exposure to higher levels of biodiversity” - William Browning, Catherine Ryan and Joseph Clancy (“14 Patterns of Biophilic Design” 16)
MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY MIGRATION ROUTE
ELEVATIONS UNWRAPPED solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness
Data from Migratory Birds of the Great Lakes Illustrations by David Allen Sibley
BIOPHILIC STIMULATION
“Human beings connect physiologically and psychologically to structures embodying organized complexity” - Stephen Kellert (Biophilic Design 63)
REFUGE
RISK
SOCIOFUGAL seclusion
SOCIOPETAL interaction
BREAKOUT SPACES
SOCIOFUGAL
SOCIOPETAL
0’
4’
8’
0’
WALL SECTIONS
8’
16’
WEIGHTED BLANKET ANCHOR Connie Lin
|
Joanne Aitken
|
Thesis 2017-2018
|
Drexel University
THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT "there is a freedom of choice. it doesn’t matter if you go left or right" - Haley Kittel
THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT
PRELIMINARY LANDSCAPE DESIGN
"wayfinding and clear circulation cues can neurologically harmonize our chemical imbalance" - Rossitza Iovtcheva
CHICAGO RIVER REMEDIATION
TECHNICAL REVIEW solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness
0’
128’
256’
SITE PLAN
THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
homogenous mass
fracture
infiltration
erosion
fragmentation
BUILDING CONCEPT
GROUND FLOOR PLAN Connie Lin
FIRST FLOOR PLAN |
Joanne Aitken
|
Thesis 2017-2018
|
0’
48’
96’
Drexel University
THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
“It’s decoration maybe on some level, but it’s medicine”
- Krista Tippet
(The Science of Healing Podcast [with Esther Sternberg])
CONTROL SAVANNAH
SECURITY CLIFF
PROTECTION CAVE
FREEDOM COASTAL
solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness
STRENGTH MOUNTAIN
AMBITION WATERFALL
ISOLATION FOREST
VULNERABILITY CANYON
THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
“Biophilic design can reduce stress, enhance creativity and clarity of thought, improve our well-being and expedite healing; as the world population continues to urbanize” - William Browning, Catherine Ryan and Joseph Clancy (“14 Patterns of Biophilic Design” 3)
PRIDE
CREATIVE STUDIO
AMBITION
TRUST
FITNESS
MOTIVATION WATER THERAPY
NUTRITION LAB
RISK
Connie Lin
COMFORT
CALM
INTERIOR ATRIUM
CURIOSITY HUB
SANCTUARY |
Joanne Aitken
|
Thesis 2017-2018
|
Drexel University
MENTAL ILLNESS
10,000 BC.
6500 BC Trephination (drill hole in skull) 5,000 BC
perception0
The United States has the most expensive healthcare system in the world...
500 BC Ancient Persians considered “demonic�
BC
1700 Mental Asylums - ice baths, straightjackets, electroshocks and isolation rooms
1700
18% of the GDP ($3,200,000,000 in 2015) $500,000,000 for mental health and $324,000,000 for prescription drugs (65%)
1800
1840 -1880 Mental Health Reform:
experiment
...and is one of the most depressed countries in the world.
1900
1952 First Anti-Depressant 1960
ranking 3rd behind India and China for anxiety and depression 1979 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
1980
1997 Congress recognizes suicide as a national problem
dialogue
2005 National Suicide Prevention 2010 Affordable Care Act
2000
2017 Mental Health (Alzheimers, dementia, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia) is on the pre-existing conditions list
2020
THE STIGMA MENTAL WELLNESS
The United States is the biggest consumer of antidepressants.
85% of people diagnosed with a mental illness are on antidepressants.
ENVIRONMENT
EXPERIENCES
Less than 1/3 of people on antidepressants have not seen a mental health professional.
work
stress
school
fitness
neurology
nutrition
family
friends
relationships physical health
built
natural
social
ARCHITECTURAL POTENTIAL solis: a biophilic sanctuary for mental wellness
Data pooled from Business Insider, Forbes, World Health Organization, National Association of Mental Illness, National Health Expenditures 2015, The New York Times, U.S. News; Icons from the Noun Project
"not everyone can access healthcare treatment, but everyone can experience biophilic design." - Connie Lin
Connie Lin
|
Joanne Aitken
|
Thesis 2017-2018
|
Drexel University
solis