Jeremy Morton

Pu’u Pa’oa RESORT AT PRINCEVILLE HANALEI

KAUA’I

HAWAI’I

Jeremy Morton

Advisor - Joanne Aitken

HA

WA

IIA

N

IS

LA

ROAD KA HAKU

Fort Alexander

N

Makai Golf Course

140’

D

S

PRINCEVILLE

Pu’u Poa Condo

51-

100’

Pu’u Pa’oa

m in

Hanalei Bay Villas

ut

60’

e

PRINCEVILLE

e d r iv B

LIH

CE S S H AC EAC

AY PATHW

Pu’u Poa Beach

KAUA’I

Site Boundary

Hanalei Bay Resort Other Resorts

20’

HANALEI BAY

Kamo’omaika’i Wetland

HA NA

LEI P

LA

NTA TIO NR OA D

e unu Ridg Kaukania Hanalei Plantation Resort / Club Med Ruins

RIVE

Hanalei Pier

The Site

R

SITE PHOTO

EI

Black Pot Beach

HANAL

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

2

Pu'u Pa'oa Site Map Scale: 1" = 500'

ZONING

FLOOD ASSESSMENT

SOILS rRT

1982 Urban Conservation Zone

RR-20

Fort Alexander Historic Site 640-Room Allowance 100-foot Shoreline Setback

Me

RR-10

LOT 1 16.4 ACRES

RR-20

rRR

40 rooms per acre

Mr Hn

RR-10

Me 160-Room Allowance

ZONE

VE

LOT 2 8.7 ACRES

Wetland Conservation Zone

EL 14

RR-10

ZONE

ZONE

AE

VE

20 rooms per acre

BS

Mt rRR

EL 8

EL 10

Me

Mt SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREAS Subject to inundation by 1% annual chance flood (100-year flood zone) Elevation (EL) depth of flood waters

Types

Mt - Mokuleia clay loam

BS - Beaches

Optimal for farming if protected from flooding

Coarse sandy shoreline

Zone AE - Flood Hazard Area

Hn - Hanalei silty clay

Optimal for farming if protected from flooding

Zone VE - Coastal flood zone with velocity hazard (wave action)

Me - Makapili silty clay

Mr - Mokuleia fine sandy loam Optimal for farming if irrigated

74”

84°

63°

Temperature

WIND

Low

Mountain flank - 20-40 inches to bedrock

1000'

RAIN

TEMPERATURE

High

500'

Gulch - 20-55 inches to bedrock

rRT - Rough Rocky Terrain

Prime farmland - good drainage

0' 100' 250'

rRR - Rough Broken Land

Average Temperature

CONSISTENT TEMPERATURES YEAR-ROUND ALLOWS FOR ELIMINATION OF HVAC

Annual Rainfall

Monthly Rainfall

RAINFALL CREATES POTENTIAL FOR STORMWATER MANAGEMENT AND WATER COLLECTION

CONSISTENT WIND FROM EAST-NORTH-EAST YEAR ROUND

Sources: Meteoblue, Geography Department, University of Hawai’i

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Site Analysis & Climate

3

Thesis Statement A 25-key Hawaiian resort which aims to be “socially just, culturally rich and ecologically restorative” by integrating both native and modern environmentally sensitive systems and architectural practices. By adapting the land use system of “Ahupua’a,” water is the center of the site organization from “mauka” (mountainside) to “makai” (seaside) - just as “wai” (water) was the center of life and “wai wai” (wealth) for pre-contact Hawaiians.

Pu'u Pa'oa Program Matrix Quote from Living Building Challenge

Project Design Matrix SPACE

SF

3500 Program Breakdown 2900

Lobby Living Room Project Design Matrix Drop-off/Pickup SPACE Guest Services (Reception & Concierge Lobby Retail Living Room FoodDrop-off/Pickup & Beverage Guest Bar Services (Reception & Concierge Lobby Retail Restaurant Kitchen Food & Beverage Function Pavilion (Ballroom) Lobby Bar Support Function Restaurant Staff Cafeteria Kitchen Function Pavilion (Ballroom) Wellness Function Support Fitness Staff Cafeteria Spa Treatment Room Wellness Fitness Hotel Units Spa Hales Treatment Room Interior

Exterior Hotel UnitsSuite Kuleana Hales Interior Interior Exterior Back of Exterior House Kuleana Suite Admin Interior Linens (Clean & Soiled) Exterior Housekeeping Back of House Trash Admin Engineering & Maintenance Linens (Clean & Soiled) Purchasing & Receiving Housekeeping Agriculture Support Trash Treatment Wastewater StaffEngineering Housing & Maintenance & Receiving 1 Purchasing BR Agriculture Support 2 BR Wastewater Treatment Staff Housing 1 BR TOTAL 2 BR TOTAL

300 SF 150 3500 150 2900 300 9450 150 2450 150 2500 800 9450 2000 2450 900 2500 800 800 2000 11000 900 5000 800 6000

200 11000 5000 26940 6000 980 200 550

430 26940 2200 980 1200 550 1000 430 4430 2200 900 1200 575 1000 1010 4430 345 900 1300 575 300 1010 5000 345 5000 1300 14400 300 500 5000 800 5000 14400 500 79720 800

PROJECT Pu'u Pa'oa Program Matrix Program Pie Chart BREAKDOWN PROJECT Lobby 5% BREAKDOWN Agriculture Support 7%

Agriculture Support 7%

Plan Goals

Lobby 5% Food &

Staff Housing 19%

A Sustainable Island

Beverage 12%

Staff Housing 19%

Food & Beverage Wellness 12% 15%

A Unique & Beautiful Place

Wellness 15%

QTY 23 QTY 2 23

Back of House 6% Back of House 6%

A Healthy & Resilient People

An Equitable Place, with Opportunity for All

B eauty H ealth & H ap pin ess Energy

Hotel Units 36% Hotel Units 36%

P la c e

2 Natural Ventilation

Ahupua’a Organization

Wave Energy

QTY 16 8

Newell’s Shearwater Protection

No HVAC

Preserving Views

E q uit y Lava Rock

Rebuilding Kamo’omaika’i Fishpond

Staff Housing

Koa Wood

Coral Stone Rebuilding Kamo’omaika’i Fishpond

Thatching

On-Site Farm

Limited Concrete

Lo’i Taro Fields

Landscaping

Native Plants

79720

Exhibiting Culture

Water

Embedding Meaning into Design

QTY 16 8

CO2 Offset

M aterials

Landscaping as Natural Environment

Internal Rainwater Conduction

Village Atmosphere Hale Authenticity

Photo-voltaic

Vertical Wind Turbines

Living Building Challenge

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Program & Sustainability

4

Laucala Island

Amanyara Resort

Project Year: 2009 Villas: 25

Project Year: 2008 Keys: 38 Hotel Pavilions / 20 Private Villas

Acreage: 445 (3000+ acre island)

Acreage: ~45 (18,000 acre nature preserve)

Location: Tavenui, Fiji, Polynesia Architect: WATG & Scape Design

Location: Providentiales, Turks & Caicos Architect: Jean-Michel Gathy - Denniston

Takeaways

Takeaways • • • • • •

Use of indigenous architecture Rural atmosphere Sustainable resort mission Self-sustaining resort Cultural preservation village No air conditioning - natural ventilation

• natural cooling, water catchment & beauty

• Contemporary take on indigenous architecture

Saffire Freycinet

Ritz-Carlton Reserve

Architect: Circa Morris-Nunn Project Year: 2010

Architect: Hart | Howerton Project Year: 2019

Keys: 20 Acreage: 15.5

Keys: 60 Acreage: 50

Location: Coles Bay, Tasmania, Australia

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

• Cluster of buildings make up overall composition of public spaces • Organization of structures around pools of water

Location: Isla Pedro Gonzalez, Panama

Takeaways

Takeaways

• Modern architectural form derived using wind patterns • Architecture as a “frame” for view • Materials and stark architectural form DO NOT align with my project direction.

• Similar in: size, acreage, look & feel • Similar site conditions with vast changes in topography • Staff housing • Used as programmatic & organizational model

Case Studies

5

Legend Buildable Zone Agriculture Zone Restoration Zone Activity Zone Conservation Zone

Road Ka Haku

Mauka Northern Cliff

No structures, some agriculture

Hotel Entrance

Fort Alexander Historic Site

Ka Haku Road

Garden & Exhibit

Hilltop Farm Mala

Hotel Structures Kula / Kauhale

cess ach Ac ing Be

ay Pathw

Exist

S

Beach

G N I IL

Kahakai

ND I W

VA E R

Ahupua’a

P

Makai Cultural Center

Public Entrance

Kauhale Ohana

Hanalei Plantation Road

Taro Farm

Wa ilē

Lo’i Kalo

Fishpond Loko I’a

Hana l

i‘a Str eam

ei Pl

anta

tion

Road

After site analysis in setbacks, conservation zones, soils, climate and flood zones, the initial site strategy is to create two zones derived from the Ahupua’a system organization: MAUKA and MAKAI. MAUKA, or mountainside is centered around the restoration of Fort Alexander as well as an agricultural area. This is where the hotel structures will be located.

MAKAI, or oceanside is organized around the restoration of the Kamo’omaika’i Fish Pond. This is also where Lo’i will be supplied with running fresh water from Wailēi‘a Stream. This area will serve as a cultural education hub for not only tourists of Kaua’i, but for the local population. This will allow for the perpetuation of the history of the Hawaiian people.

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Initial Site Strategy

6

Guest Experience

Scenic Landing at Lihue Airport

Greeted at Gate with Lei

Chaffered in Electric Vehicle

Scenic Drive to Hotel

Organic Spa Treatment with Ingredients Grown On-Site

Gourmet Hawaiian Cuisine at Hotel Restaurant

Room with Ocean & Sunset View

Arrival at Hotel with Dramatic Vista

Stroll through Lush Native Gardens

Exposure to Native Customs & Practices

Beach Activities

Leave the Islands with Great Appreciation of Culture

Majestic & Romantic “Bali Hai” Sunsets

Unique Native Flora & Fauna

Because guests are traveling to the most remote islands in the world, the guest experience from arrival to departure must be curated early in the development process. Due to the resort’s sustainable mission, the guest will be chaffered by a driver in an electric vehicle, offsetting carbon dioxide which would typically be released from rental cars.

Pu’u Poa - Private Cove and Beach

Unparalleled Views of the Ocean and Mountains

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Mid-Review

7

RY AX IS

ey all /V ain s nt iew V

EL HOT ANCE R ENT

ou M

C EN UL TR TU AN RA C L E

A ND O C SE

Axes are established to organize the site circulation and create visual and/or physical CONNECTIONS to a destination.

Separate hotel & cultural entrances allow private and public access.

Stairways are located along axes to create direct access across the hillside portion of the site. Major pathways connect the stairways as well as establish boardwalks along the beach and fishpond.

IS RY AX TERTIA el -parall l s semi to hote Create closer rhythm trance en

TARO FIELDS

RY TERTIA AY W STAIR rtical

FARM

easy ve Allows to Western access of site portion

IS

RY AX

TERTIA

PRIMARY AXIS

FORT

PRIMARY AXIS

Connects top of site to bottom along most gentle slope of hill

Connects N/S from fort to pond

Y AR Y ND A ite O W fs C IR top o h SE STAects beac

FISHPOND

ALK ARDW ND BO

FISHPO

PRIMARY STAIRWAY

n to

n Co

Mountain/Bay Views

BEACH

IS AX l Y f hil AR p o ND to ch O ts a C nec be SE Con to

Sunset/Ocean Views

LOOP BO ARDWAL

K

Axes

Primary Pathway Sloped walkways at 1:20 create complete accessibility to all areas of the site. This shallow grade removes the need for handrails on pathways.

The lobby is located at the intersection of the major axes with the wellness & food & beverage facilities maintaining views.

CULTURAL ACTIVITY ZONES FORT ACTIVITY ZONES

80’ 60’ 40’ 140’

120’

POND

SPA

20’ 100’

80’ 60’

LOBBY

40’

R BA

20’

CLI

FISHPOND CROSSING BOARDWALK

FF

ESS

FITN

SPA

BEACH ACTIVITY ZONE

ALL DAY DINING

CULTURAL ACTIVITY ZONES

BAR BEACH

FUNCTION 0’ SPECIALTY RESTAURANT

CULTURAL ACTIVITY ZONE

Secondary Pathways

Public Spaces BACK OF HOUSE areas are located close to the hotel entrance for easiest access from road by large vehicles. STAFF HOUSING is provided along the Western edge of the hillside. PARKING for staff housing and the hotel are located close to the entrance as well. Minimal parking for hotel guests will be provided as the majority of guests will be chaffered around in electric vehicles. Parking for the cultural center is also provided.

15 Standard guestroom, singlestory “Hales” are located along the Western slope of the hill with mountain and valley views. Access is gained from the uphill side of the structures.

“HALES” (4) standard guestrooms per unit

STAFF PARKING

STAFF HOUSING 5 apartments per structure.

2-stories.

MECHANICAL BUILDING ENGINEERING & TRASH ADMINISTRATION & OFFICES GUEST & OVERFLOW STAFF PARKING

CULTURAL CENTER PARKING

HOUSEKEEPING & LAUNDRY

PURCHASING & VALET

Secondary Pathways

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Back of House & Parking

Initial Site Organization

8

Feedback

• In order to truly achieve the goals of my thesis statement, I would like to put more focus on the hotel and its interaction with the local community.

• Weaving in agriculture more into the ethos of the project and community outreach • Downsize project in order to narrow in on the most important aspects.

• I would like to study how water moves throughout the site and its power to organize the structures.

• Determine the appropriate number of rooms.

• Design typical conditions of the landscaping

Legend Paths Stairs Ramp

*Points in direction of down slope

Resort Program Matrix

Lobby RITZ-CARLTON BREAKDOWN

Food & Beverage Wellness

Mechanical Building 5%

Guestrooms & Suites Back of House

Activity Zone

Staff Housing

Cultural Zones

Back of House 8%

PROJECT

Program Breakdown BREAKDOWN

Lobby 5%

Lobby 4% Mechanical Building 4% Food & Beverage 19%

125,380 SF Total

Wellness 13%

0’ 50’ 100’

200’

500’ Hotel Units 50%

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Food & Beverage 13%

Staff Housing 20%

Back of House 5%

Wellness 9%

Hotel Units 45%

Mid-Review

9

Pitch allows for controlled water runoff

Pathways slope into hillside to concentrate water drainage

Single Pitch Roof

Larger facade facing the view Transom windows allow privacy but let in light

Schematic Stream Diagram

Schematic Diagram Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Guestroom Form Sketch

Schematic Aerial View

Schematic Living Room View

Schematic Site and Guestroom

10

Lo’i

Interior Vignette - Open

Lo’i

Interior Vignette - Closed

Entry

S Closet

Living

LB

WC

Bathroom

Bedroom

Lanai

Lobby Roof Framing Plan

Guestroom Floor Plan

0’ 1’

5’

10’

15’

25’-0” - Roof Top

15’-0” - Roof Eaves

5’-0” - Lobby Level 0’-0” - Pond Level

Lobby South Elevation Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Technical Review

11

Framing & Flooring

Roofing

Concrete Structure & Rock Veneer

Masonry Structure & Wood Joists

Terracotta Tile

Rock Walls

Wood Members & Rope Joinery

Thatching

Lava Rock Foundation

Wooden Members & Twine Joinery

Pili Grass Roofing/Siding

Project Implementation

Ancient Hawaiian Architecture

Modern Traditional

Modern Interpretation

Foundation & Cladding

Reinforced Concrete

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Lava Rock Cladding

Koa Wood

Coral Limestone

Materials

Terracotta Clay Tile

Thatching

12

Divide Into Zones

Half of SF is exterior to take advantage of views and natural ventilation

Solid walls along path for privacy

Pathway

Living

18’

PLAN

650ft2 Footprint

Bath

Bed

36’

Ocean

Form Ideal for managing water runoff

Mountains

Adaptable for sloped area - minimal land leveling

Operable walls and transom windows allow for natural ventilation

FORM

Hale Ku’ai form inspiration

Bay

Lobby Form Diagrams 1

2

Path to Hilltop

Form

3

Views 100’

ry Ent

e Driv

Pa t Be h to ac h

120’

Water

80’

BO

90 H 0ft 2

& ay ei B t nal Ha Sunse

140

r Ba 0ft2

Lobby

60’

Sunset & Bay View

Lobby 2720ft2

Pond

Form The lobby is situated fronting a water collection pond which Pu’u Pa’oa Resort follows the form of the topography. The building is split into three distinct structures containing different programmatic elements:

Ha n M ale ou i B nt ay ain & s

Views

Bay & Mountain View Fishpond & Mountains

y& lle ns Va ntai u Mo Mountain

& Fishpond View

Valley & Mountain View

Water

Guestroom & Lobby Diagrams

In order to maximize the dramatic vistas from the hilltop, three “dormers” in the main lobby structure and one in the bar structure are implemented - each oriented to capture different views.

The roof of the porte cochere is conical in shape in order to capture rainwater runoff from the lobby roof and is funneled into a pond in the center of the

13

1

Lewa

Resort Water Usage/ Day/Key

Annual Catchment Potential (74”)

175 Gal

40,260 Gal

Dry Season Catchment Potential (June - 4.5”)

Wet Season Catchment Potential (November - 9.5”)

2450 Gal

5150 Gal

HA KU

RO AD

(Sky)

KA

2

Kauhale

FO RT

A

L EXAND

E

EN TR YD

L AG GA RICU RD L EN TUR S A

LA MA

RI

E DG

MAUKA COLLECTION POND

RIV E

(Dwelling)

R

3

LO’I

6

YP

TURE

O

(FARM)

R

B LOB

MALA

IC UL

ND

(PONDS)

LA KU

AG

4

KAHAWAI

LIVING MACHINE WASTE WATER TREATMENT

L

(STREAMS)

O

’I

KA

LO

SERV

ICE D

5

LOKO I’A

RIVE

MAKAI LOKO I’A FISHPOND KAMO’OMAIKA’I WETLAND

(FISHPOND)

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Ahupua’a Water Cycle

14

D ROA U HAK KA

STAFF (‘OHANA) HOUSING R ED

VIC

LOADING / MAINTENANCE

MALA AGRICULTURAL GARDENS

EN

Y TR

IV DR

E

SER

IVE

R

E AT W

’I KA LO RT X

D

ER

RI

DG

E

’I K

LE

AN A

N

LO

LE

IB

AY

MAKAI LOKO I’A FISHPOND

PU’U PA’OA BEACH

SUNSET SUITE

FUNCTION PAVILION

RESTAURANT BAYVIEW SUITE

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

FITNESS

AL O

A

H

A

E

O LO’I KAL

RE KU L A AGRICULTU

L

O

FO

SUNSET ROOMS

R D

KAMO’OMAIKA’I WETLAND

LOBBY POND

LOBBY

O R

IV

E

IC

V

R

ADMINISTRATION

SPA

O

H

U

N

TR

SE

LO ’I K AL O

MAUKA COLLECTION POND

NT

E

TM EA

STAFF (‘OHANA) HOUSING

MALA AGRICULTURAL GARDENS

D

A

MOUNTAIN ROOMS

Site Plan

BAYVIEW ROOMS 0’ 50’100’

250’

500’

15

riv e

Path to Hil

ach Be to th

En try D

ltop

Pa DN

DN

r Ba

Ba c Ho k of use

by Lob ck Ba r Ba DN

om s

rt e

h Coc

e

y

P

o str Re y

wa eze Bre

o

Bre eze wa

DN

re

ace err rT Ba -5’-0”

Rain Collection Pond

Le i

Ra m

p

Lo bb y

let Va

Gr

ee ts

Ca fe/ Sh o

n

o pti

ce Re

Entry

p

Lo Lo bby un ge Ra m

Pond

p DN

LO B

BY

y bb Lo nge u Lo p

m Ra

DN

PO

DN

N

Y

BB

DN

D Pond Te rrace -5’-0”

PO

LO

0’

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

D

N

Pond Te rrace -2’-6”

Lobby Floor Plan

5’

10’

25’

50’

16

Entry

Exterior from Pond

The lobby is situated fronting a water collection pond which follows the form of the topography. The building is split into three distinct structures containing different programmatic elements: 1. Lobby, reception & cafe 2. Bar 3. Back of House

Bar

In order to maximize the dramatic vistas from the hilltop, three arched openings in the main lobby structure and one in the bar structure are implemented - each oriented to capture different views.

The roof of the porte cochere is conical in shape in order to capture rainwater runoff from the lobby roof and is funneled into a pond in the center of the driveway. This displays the water collection initiatives of the resort. Other roofs implement gutter systems integrated into the structural members and roofing to guide water to collection ponds.

Lobby South Elevation

Entry Drive

Lobby Section

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Gutter Spout Porte Cochere Collection Pond

Vehicle Dropoff

Entry

Water Feature

Lobby Elevations & Vignettes

Irrigation Pond

17

Entry Gate

Resort Path

Lo’i

Approach

Service Path Entry Lanai Hale

S

WC

Living Room

LB

Closet

Bathroom

Bedroom Lanai

Shower

Lanai

Pool

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Guestroom Floor Plan

0’ 1’

5’

10’

15’

18

Exterior The guestrooms are composed of two buildings - one containing the indoor living areas and the other an outdoor living room pavilion.

Living Room The screening elements allow for customization of the amount of light and air let into the guestrooms - depending on time of day, weather and sunlight exposure. They also allow for indoor/outdoor living.

Lanai Hale The lanai hale is an outdoor living pavilion situated to take advantage of the sunset views.

Resort Path

Stream Lo’i Kalo Entry Garden

Living Space

Lanai

Pool

Guestroom Section

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Guestroom Section & Vignettes

19

B LO

BY

E N L AR

GE D J OIN T

DE

Terracotta Roof Tile TA I

L

Glulam Arch Beams

G

UE

R ST

OO

M SC

REEN ENLARG

ED

DE

TA I

L

Glulam Transfer Beam

Terracotta Roofing

Lava Rock Veneered Column

Gutter Spout Glulam Wood Beams/Girders Retractable Sun Shades

Terracotta Roofing

Lava Rock Veneered Reinforced Concrete and Glulam Post Structure

Glulam Wood Beams/Girders

Walls, Sliding Doors/ Windows & Glass Jalousie

Screening Elements

Operational Wood Screening System

Reinforced Concrete Foundation Lava Rock Veneered Reinforced Concrete and Glulam Post Structure

Lobby Exploded Axon

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Guestroom Exploded Axon

Exploded Axons

20

Guestroom Wall Section

My project was received well, although the jury panel thought that I stayed within my comfort zone and wished that I would have pushed my project to directly address and attempt to resolve the social equality that a high-end resort inherently lacks. This would have been explored through moments within my site planning to encourage the interaction between local farmers working in the agricultural fields and the guests of the hotel to give them an “authentic” Hawaiian experience diving deep into the local culture.

Pu’u Pa’oa Resort

Model, Wall Section & Reflections

21