Pu’u Pa’oa RESORT AT PRINCEVILLE HANALEI
KAUA’I
HAWAI’I
Jeremy Morton
Advisor - Joanne Aitken
HA
WA
IIA
N
IS
LA
ROAD KA HAKU
Fort Alexander
N
Makai Golf Course
140’
D
S
PRINCEVILLE
Pu’u Poa Condo
51-
100’
Pu’u Pa’oa
m in
Hanalei Bay Villas
ut
60’
e
PRINCEVILLE
e d r iv B
LIH
CE S S H AC EAC
AY PATHW
Pu’u Poa Beach
KAUA’I
Site Boundary
Hanalei Bay Resort Other Resorts
20’
HANALEI BAY
Kamo’omaika’i Wetland
HA NA
LEI P
LA
NTA TIO NR OA D
e unu Ridg Kaukania Hanalei Plantation Resort / Club Med Ruins
RIVE
Hanalei Pier
The Site
R
SITE PHOTO
EI
Black Pot Beach
HANAL
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
2
Pu'u Pa'oa Site Map Scale: 1" = 500'
ZONING
FLOOD ASSESSMENT
SOILS rRT
1982 Urban Conservation Zone
RR-20
Fort Alexander Historic Site 640-Room Allowance 100-foot Shoreline Setback
Me
RR-10
LOT 1 16.4 ACRES
RR-20
rRR
40 rooms per acre
Mr Hn
RR-10
Me 160-Room Allowance
ZONE
VE
LOT 2 8.7 ACRES
Wetland Conservation Zone
EL 14
RR-10
ZONE
ZONE
AE
VE
20 rooms per acre
BS
Mt rRR
EL 8
EL 10
Me
Mt SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREAS Subject to inundation by 1% annual chance flood (100-year flood zone) Elevation (EL) depth of flood waters
Types
Mt - Mokuleia clay loam
BS - Beaches
Optimal for farming if protected from flooding
Coarse sandy shoreline
Zone AE - Flood Hazard Area
Hn - Hanalei silty clay
Optimal for farming if protected from flooding
Zone VE - Coastal flood zone with velocity hazard (wave action)
Me - Makapili silty clay
Mr - Mokuleia fine sandy loam Optimal for farming if irrigated
74”
84°
63°
Temperature
WIND
Low
Mountain flank - 20-40 inches to bedrock
1000'
RAIN
TEMPERATURE
High
500'
Gulch - 20-55 inches to bedrock
rRT - Rough Rocky Terrain
Prime farmland - good drainage
0' 100' 250'
rRR - Rough Broken Land
Average Temperature
CONSISTENT TEMPERATURES YEAR-ROUND ALLOWS FOR ELIMINATION OF HVAC
Annual Rainfall
Monthly Rainfall
RAINFALL CREATES POTENTIAL FOR STORMWATER MANAGEMENT AND WATER COLLECTION
CONSISTENT WIND FROM EAST-NORTH-EAST YEAR ROUND
Sources: Meteoblue, Geography Department, University of Hawai’i
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Site Analysis & Climate
3
Thesis Statement A 25-key Hawaiian resort which aims to be “socially just, culturally rich and ecologically restorative” by integrating both native and modern environmentally sensitive systems and architectural practices. By adapting the land use system of “Ahupua’a,” water is the center of the site organization from “mauka” (mountainside) to “makai” (seaside) - just as “wai” (water) was the center of life and “wai wai” (wealth) for pre-contact Hawaiians. Pu'u Pa'oa Program Matrix Quote from Living Building Challenge
Project Design Matrix SPACE
SF
3500 Program Breakdown 2900
Lobby Living Room Project Design Matrix Drop-off/Pickup SPACE Guest Services (Reception & Concierge Lobby Retail Living Room FoodDrop-off/Pickup & Beverage Guest Bar Services (Reception & Concierge Lobby Retail Restaurant Kitchen Food & Beverage Function Pavilion (Ballroom) Lobby Bar Support Function Restaurant Staff Cafeteria Kitchen Function Pavilion (Ballroom) Wellness Function Support Fitness Staff Cafeteria Spa Treatment Room Wellness Fitness Hotel Units Spa Hales Treatment Room Interior
Exterior Hotel UnitsSuite Kuleana Hales Interior Interior Exterior Back of Exterior House Kuleana Suite Admin Interior Linens (Clean & Soiled) Exterior Housekeeping Back of House Trash Admin Engineering & Maintenance Linens (Clean & Soiled) Purchasing & Receiving Housekeeping Agriculture Support Trash Treatment Wastewater StaffEngineering Housing & Maintenance & Receiving 1 Purchasing BR Agriculture Support 2 BR Wastewater Treatment Staff Housing 1 BR TOTAL 2 BR TOTAL
300 SF 150 3500 150 2900 300 9450 150 2450 150 2500 800 9450 2000 2450 900 2500 800 800 2000 11000 900 5000 800 6000
200 11000 5000 26940 6000 980 200 550
430 26940 2200 980 1200 550 1000 430 4430 2200 900 1200 575 1000 1010 4430 345 900 1300 575 300 1010 5000 345 5000 1300 14400 300 500 5000 800 5000 14400 500 79720 800
PROJECT Pu'u Pa'oa Program Matrix Program Pie Chart BREAKDOWN PROJECT Lobby 5% BREAKDOWN Agriculture Support 7%
Agriculture Support 7%
Plan Goals
Lobby 5% Food &
Staff Housing 19%
A Sustainable Island
Beverage 12%
Staff Housing 19%
Food & Beverage Wellness 12% 15%
A Unique & Beautiful Place
Wellness 15%
QTY 23 QTY 2 23
Back of House 6% Back of House 6%
A Healthy & Resilient People
An Equitable Place, with Opportunity for All
B eauty H ealth & H ap pin ess Energy
Hotel Units 36% Hotel Units 36%
P la c e
2 Natural Ventilation
Ahupua’a Organization
Wave Energy
QTY 16 8
Newell’s Shearwater Protection
No HVAC
Preserving Views
E q uit y Lava Rock
Rebuilding Kamo’omaika’i Fishpond
Staff Housing
Koa Wood
Coral Stone Rebuilding Kamo’omaika’i Fishpond
Thatching
On-Site Farm
Limited Concrete
Lo’i Taro Fields
Landscaping
Native Plants
79720
Exhibiting Culture
Water
Embedding Meaning into Design
QTY 16 8
CO2 Offset
M aterials
Landscaping as Natural Environment
Internal Rainwater Conduction
Village Atmosphere Hale Authenticity
Photo-voltaic
Vertical Wind Turbines
Living Building Challenge
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Program & Sustainability
4
Laucala Island
Amanyara Resort
Project Year: 2009 Villas: 25
Project Year: 2008 Keys: 38 Hotel Pavilions / 20 Private Villas
Acreage: 445 (3000+ acre island)
Acreage: ~45 (18,000 acre nature preserve)
Location: Tavenui, Fiji, Polynesia Architect: WATG & Scape Design
Location: Providentiales, Turks & Caicos Architect: Jean-Michel Gathy - Denniston
Takeaways
Takeaways • • • • • •
Use of indigenous architecture Rural atmosphere Sustainable resort mission Self-sustaining resort Cultural preservation village No air conditioning - natural ventilation
• natural cooling, water catchment & beauty
• Contemporary take on indigenous architecture
Saffire Freycinet
Ritz-Carlton Reserve
Architect: Circa Morris-Nunn Project Year: 2010
Architect: Hart | Howerton Project Year: 2019
Keys: 20 Acreage: 15.5
Keys: 60 Acreage: 50
Location: Coles Bay, Tasmania, Australia
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
• Cluster of buildings make up overall composition of public spaces • Organization of structures around pools of water
Location: Isla Pedro Gonzalez, Panama
Takeaways
Takeaways
• Modern architectural form derived using wind patterns • Architecture as a “frame” for view • Materials and stark architectural form DO NOT align with my project direction.
• Similar in: size, acreage, look & feel • Similar site conditions with vast changes in topography • Staff housing • Used as programmatic & organizational model
Case Studies
5
Legend Buildable Zone Agriculture Zone Restoration Zone Activity Zone Conservation Zone
Road Ka Haku
Mauka Northern Cliff
No structures, some agriculture
Hotel Entrance
Fort Alexander Historic Site
Ka Haku Road
Garden & Exhibit
Hilltop Farm Mala
Hotel Structures Kula / Kauhale
cess ach Ac ing Be
ay Pathw
Exist
S
Beach
G N I IL
Kahakai
ND I W
VA E R
Ahupua’a
P
Makai Cultural Center
Public Entrance
Kauhale Ohana
Hanalei Plantation Road
Taro Farm
Wa ilē
Lo’i Kalo
Fishpond Loko I’a
Hana l
i‘a Str eam
ei Pl
anta
tion
Road
After site analysis in setbacks, conservation zones, soils, climate and flood zones, the initial site strategy is to create two zones derived from the Ahupua’a system organization: MAUKA and MAKAI. MAUKA, or mountainside is centered around the restoration of Fort Alexander as well as an agricultural area. This is where the hotel structures will be located. MAKAI, or oceanside is organized around the restoration of the Kamo’omaika’i Fish Pond. This is also where Lo’i will be supplied with running fresh water from Wailēi‘a Stream. This area will serve as a cultural education hub for not only tourists of Kaua’i, but for the local population. This will allow for the perpetuation of the history of the Hawaiian people.
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Initial Site Strategy
6
Guest Experience
Scenic Landing at Lihue Airport
Greeted at Gate with Lei
Chaffered in Electric Vehicle
Scenic Drive to Hotel
Organic Spa Treatment with Ingredients Grown On-Site
Gourmet Hawaiian Cuisine at Hotel Restaurant
Room with Ocean & Sunset View
Arrival at Hotel with Dramatic Vista
Stroll through Lush Native Gardens
Exposure to Native Customs & Practices
Beach Activities
Leave the Islands with Great Appreciation of Culture
Majestic & Romantic “Bali Hai” Sunsets
Unique Native Flora & Fauna
Because guests are traveling to the most remote islands in the world, the guest experience from arrival to departure must be curated early in the development process. Due to the resort’s sustainable mission, the guest will be chaffered by a driver in an electric vehicle, offsetting carbon dioxide which would typically be released from rental cars. Pu’u Poa - Private Cove and Beach
Unparalleled Views of the Ocean and Mountains
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Mid-Review
7
RY AX IS
ey all /V ain s nt iew V
EL HOT ANCE R ENT
ou M
C EN UL TR TU AN RA C L E
A ND O C SE
Axes are established to organize the site circulation and create visual and/or physical CONNECTIONS to a destination. Separate hotel & cultural entrances allow private and public access.
Stairways are located along axes to create direct access across the hillside portion of the site. Major pathways connect the stairways as well as establish boardwalks along the beach and fishpond.
IS RY AX TERTIA el -parall l s semi to hote Create closer rhythm trance en
TARO FIELDS
RY TERTIA AY W STAIR rtical
FARM
easy ve Allows to Western access of site portion
IS
RY AX
TERTIA
PRIMARY AXIS
FORT
PRIMARY AXIS
Connects top of site to bottom along most gentle slope of hill
Connects N/S from fort to pond
Y AR Y ND A ite O W fs C IR top o h SE STAects beac
FISHPOND
ALK ARDW ND BO
FISHPO
PRIMARY STAIRWAY
n to
n Co
Mountain/Bay Views
BEACH
IS AX l Y f hil AR p o ND to ch O ts a C nec be SE Con to
Sunset/Ocean Views
LOOP BO ARDWAL
K
Axes
Primary Pathway Sloped walkways at 1:20 create complete accessibility to all areas of the site. This shallow grade removes the need for handrails on pathways.
The lobby is located at the intersection of the major axes with the wellness & food & beverage facilities maintaining views.
CULTURAL ACTIVITY ZONES FORT ACTIVITY ZONES
80’ 60’ 40’ 140’
120’
POND
SPA
20’ 100’
80’ 60’
LOBBY
40’
R BA
20’
CLI
FISHPOND CROSSING BOARDWALK
FF
ESS
FITN
SPA
BEACH ACTIVITY ZONE
ALL DAY DINING
CULTURAL ACTIVITY ZONES
BAR BEACH
FUNCTION 0’ SPECIALTY RESTAURANT
CULTURAL ACTIVITY ZONE
Secondary Pathways
Public Spaces BACK OF HOUSE areas are located close to the hotel entrance for easiest access from road by large vehicles. STAFF HOUSING is provided along the Western edge of the hillside. PARKING for staff housing and the hotel are located close to the entrance as well. Minimal parking for hotel guests will be provided as the majority of guests will be chaffered around in electric vehicles. Parking for the cultural center is also provided.
15 Standard guestroom, singlestory “Hales” are located along the Western slope of the hill with mountain and valley views. Access is gained from the uphill side of the structures.
“HALES” (4) standard guestrooms per unit
STAFF PARKING
STAFF HOUSING 5 apartments per structure. 2-stories.
MECHANICAL BUILDING ENGINEERING & TRASH ADMINISTRATION & OFFICES GUEST & OVERFLOW STAFF PARKING
CULTURAL CENTER PARKING
HOUSEKEEPING & LAUNDRY
PURCHASING & VALET
Secondary Pathways
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Back of House & Parking
Initial Site Organization
8
Feedback
• In order to truly achieve the goals of my thesis statement, I would like to put more focus on the hotel and its interaction with the local community. • Weaving in agriculture more into the ethos of the project and community outreach • Downsize project in order to narrow in on the most important aspects. • I would like to study how water moves throughout the site and its power to organize the structures. • Determine the appropriate number of rooms. • Design typical conditions of the landscaping
Legend Paths Stairs Ramp
*Points in direction of down slope
Resort Program Matrix
Lobby RITZ-CARLTON BREAKDOWN
Food & Beverage Wellness
Mechanical Building 5%
Guestrooms & Suites Back of House
Activity Zone
Staff Housing
Cultural Zones
Back of House 8%
PROJECT
Program Breakdown BREAKDOWN
Lobby 5%
Lobby 4% Mechanical Building 4% Food & Beverage 19%
125,380 SF Total
Wellness 13%
0’ 50’ 100’
200’
500’ Hotel Units 50%
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Food & Beverage 13%
Staff Housing 20%
Back of House 5%
Wellness 9%
Hotel Units 45%
Mid-Review
9
Pitch allows for controlled water runoff
Pathways slope into hillside to concentrate water drainage
Single Pitch Roof
Larger facade facing the view Transom windows allow privacy but let in light
Schematic Stream Diagram
Schematic Diagram Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Guestroom Form Sketch
Schematic Aerial View
Schematic Living Room View
Schematic Site and Guestroom
10
Lo’i
Interior Vignette - Open
Lo’i
Interior Vignette - Closed
Entry
S Closet
Living
LB
WC
Bathroom
Bedroom
Lanai
Lobby Roof Framing Plan
Guestroom Floor Plan
0’ 1’
5’
10’
15’
25’-0” - Roof Top
15’-0” - Roof Eaves
5’-0” - Lobby Level 0’-0” - Pond Level
Lobby South Elevation Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Technical Review
11
Framing & Flooring
Roofing
Concrete Structure & Rock Veneer
Masonry Structure & Wood Joists
Terracotta Tile
Rock Walls
Wood Members & Rope Joinery
Thatching
Lava Rock Foundation
Wooden Members & Twine Joinery
Pili Grass Roofing/Siding
Project Implementation
Ancient Hawaiian Architecture
Modern Traditional
Modern Interpretation
Foundation & Cladding
Reinforced Concrete
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Lava Rock Cladding
Koa Wood
Coral Limestone
Materials
Terracotta Clay Tile
Thatching
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Divide Into Zones
Half of SF is exterior to take advantage of views and natural ventilation
Solid walls along path for privacy
Pathway
Living
18’
PLAN
650ft2 Footprint
Bath
Bed
36’
Ocean
Form Ideal for managing water runoff
Mountains
Adaptable for sloped area - minimal land leveling
Operable walls and transom windows allow for natural ventilation
FORM
Hale Ku’ai form inspiration
Bay
Lobby Form Diagrams 1
2
Path to Hilltop
Form
3
Views 100’
ry Ent
e Driv
Pa t Be h to ac h
120’
Water
80’
BO
90 H 0ft 2
& ay ei B t nal Ha Sunse
140
r Ba 0ft2
Lobby
60’
Sunset & Bay View
Lobby 2720ft2
Pond
Form The lobby is situated fronting a water collection pond which Pu’u Pa’oa Resort follows the form of the topography. The building is split into three distinct structures containing different programmatic elements:
Ha n M ale ou i B nt ay ain & s
Views
Bay & Mountain View Fishpond & Mountains
y& lle ns Va ntai u Mo Mountain
& Fishpond View
Valley & Mountain View
Water
Guestroom & Lobby Diagrams
In order to maximize the dramatic vistas from the hilltop, three “dormers” in the main lobby structure and one in the bar structure are implemented - each oriented to capture different views.
The roof of the porte cochere is conical in shape in order to capture rainwater runoff from the lobby roof and is funneled into a pond in the center of the
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1
Lewa
Resort Water Usage/ Day/Key
Annual Catchment Potential (74”)
175 Gal
40,260 Gal
Dry Season Catchment Potential (June - 4.5”)
Wet Season Catchment Potential (November - 9.5”)
2450 Gal
5150 Gal
HA KU
RO AD
(Sky)
KA
2
Kauhale
FO RT
A
L EXAND
E
EN TR YD
L AG GA RICU RD L EN TUR S A
LA MA
RI
E DG
MAUKA COLLECTION POND
RIV E
(Dwelling)
R
3
LO’I
6
YP
TURE
O
(FARM)
R
B LOB
MALA
IC UL
ND
(PONDS)
LA KU
AG
4
KAHAWAI
LIVING MACHINE WASTE WATER TREATMENT
L
(STREAMS)
O
’I
KA
LO
SERV
ICE D
5
LOKO I’A
RIVE
MAKAI LOKO I’A FISHPOND KAMO’OMAIKA’I WETLAND
(FISHPOND)
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Ahupua’a Water Cycle
14
D ROA U HAK KA
STAFF (‘OHANA) HOUSING R ED
VIC
LOADING / MAINTENANCE
MALA AGRICULTURAL GARDENS
EN
Y TR
IV DR
E
SER
IVE
R
E AT W
’I KA LO RT X
D
ER
RI
DG
E
’I K
LE
AN A
N
LO
LE
IB
AY
MAKAI LOKO I’A FISHPOND
PU’U PA’OA BEACH
SUNSET SUITE
FUNCTION PAVILION
RESTAURANT BAYVIEW SUITE
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
FITNESS
AL O
A
H
A
E
O LO’I KAL
RE KU L A AGRICULTU
L
O
FO
SUNSET ROOMS
R D
KAMO’OMAIKA’I WETLAND
LOBBY POND
LOBBY
O R
IV
E
IC
V
R
ADMINISTRATION
SPA
O
H
U
N
TR
SE
LO ’I K AL O
MAUKA COLLECTION POND
NT
E
TM EA
STAFF (‘OHANA) HOUSING
MALA AGRICULTURAL GARDENS
D
A
MOUNTAIN ROOMS
Site Plan
BAYVIEW ROOMS 0’ 50’100’
250’
500’
15
riv e
Path to Hil
ach Be to th
En try D
ltop
Pa DN
DN
r Ba
Ba c Ho k of use
by Lob ck Ba r Ba DN
om s
rt e
h Coc
e
y
P
o str Re y
wa eze Bre
o
Bre eze wa
DN
re
ace err rT Ba -5’-0”
Rain Collection Pond
Le i
Ra m
p
Lo bb y
let Va
Gr
ee ts
Ca fe/ Sh o
n
o pti
ce Re
Entry
p
Lo Lo bby un ge Ra m
Pond
p DN
LO B
BY
y bb Lo nge u Lo p
m Ra
DN
PO
DN
N
Y
BB
DN
D Pond Te rrace -5’-0”
PO
LO
0’
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
D
N
Pond Te rrace -2’-6”
Lobby Floor Plan
5’
10’
25’
50’
16
Entry
Exterior from Pond
The lobby is situated fronting a water collection pond which follows the form of the topography. The building is split into three distinct structures containing different programmatic elements: 1. Lobby, reception & cafe 2. Bar 3. Back of House
Bar
In order to maximize the dramatic vistas from the hilltop, three arched openings in the main lobby structure and one in the bar structure are implemented - each oriented to capture different views.
The roof of the porte cochere is conical in shape in order to capture rainwater runoff from the lobby roof and is funneled into a pond in the center of the driveway. This displays the water collection initiatives of the resort. Other roofs implement gutter systems integrated into the structural members and roofing to guide water to collection ponds.
Lobby South Elevation
Entry Drive
Lobby Section
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Gutter Spout Porte Cochere Collection Pond
Vehicle Dropoff
Entry
Water Feature
Lobby Elevations & Vignettes
Irrigation Pond
17
Entry Gate
Resort Path
Lo’i
Approach
Service Path Entry Lanai Hale
S
WC
Living Room
LB
Closet
Bathroom
Bedroom Lanai
Shower
Lanai
Pool
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Guestroom Floor Plan
0’ 1’
5’
10’
15’
18
Exterior The guestrooms are composed of two buildings - one containing the indoor living areas and the other an outdoor living room pavilion.
Living Room The screening elements allow for customization of the amount of light and air let into the guestrooms - depending on time of day, weather and sunlight exposure. They also allow for indoor/outdoor living.
Lanai Hale The lanai hale is an outdoor living pavilion situated to take advantage of the sunset views.
Resort Path
Stream Lo’i Kalo Entry Garden
Living Space
Lanai
Pool
Guestroom Section
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Guestroom Section & Vignettes
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B LO
BY
E N L AR
GE D J OIN T
DE
Terracotta Roof Tile TA I
L
Glulam Arch Beams
G
UE
R ST
OO
M SC
REEN ENLARG
ED
DE
TA I
L
Glulam Transfer Beam
Terracotta Roofing
Lava Rock Veneered Column
Gutter Spout Glulam Wood Beams/Girders Retractable Sun Shades
Terracotta Roofing
Lava Rock Veneered Reinforced Concrete and Glulam Post Structure
Glulam Wood Beams/Girders
Walls, Sliding Doors/ Windows & Glass Jalousie
Screening Elements
Operational Wood Screening System
Reinforced Concrete Foundation Lava Rock Veneered Reinforced Concrete and Glulam Post Structure
Lobby Exploded Axon
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Guestroom Exploded Axon
Exploded Axons
20
Guestroom Wall Section
My project was received well, although the jury panel thought that I stayed within my comfort zone and wished that I would have pushed my project to directly address and attempt to resolve the social equality that a high-end resort inherently lacks. This would have been explored through moments within my site planning to encourage the interaction between local farmers working in the agricultural fields and the guests of the hotel to give them an “authentic” Hawaiian experience diving deep into the local culture.
Pu’u Pa’oa Resort
Model, Wall Section & Reflections
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