Oct. 25, 2011 issue

T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

The Chronicle

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2011

ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH YEAR, ISSUE 42

WWW.DUKECHRONICLE.COM

Central’s Food Factory struggles to stay afloat

Partners Place robbery raises security questions

by Yeshwanth Kandimalla THE CHRONICLE

A recent robbery off campus has raised concerns among residents about crime prevention measures.

A burglary at Partners Place apartment complex Oct. 20 remains under investigation, Kammie Michael, public information officer for the Durham Police Department, wrote in an email Monday.

According to a DPD incident report, intruders entered an apartment of three Duke seniors in Partners and stole approximately $8,575 worth of items, including three credit and debit cards, three laptops, a Xbox and a PlayStation

3. The front door of the apartment was unlocked when the burglary occurred.

Senior Trevor Cesar, a resident of the apartment, said he was outside the residence in another section of Partners between 9:35 and 9:55 p.m.

Oct. 20. His roommates were with friends in the apartment next door at the time.

Senior Eric Pfisterer said he was the first to return to the apartment at approximately 10 p.m. He found the TV turned on and furniture knocked over.

Pfisterer then noticed that the video game consoles and laptops were missing.

SEE PARTNERS ON PAGE 8

JI SOO YOON/THE CHRONICLE

The Food Factory, which replaced the Devil’s Bistro this year, has experienced low student turnout since the Fall semester began.

by Matt Barnett THE CHRONICLE

One of Duke’s newest on-campus eateries may not be around much longer.

The Food Factory, which moved from Cary, N.C., to Central Campus, has experienced less than optimal sales since opening at the beginning of the academic year. The Food Factory generated greater revenue in October compared with September—a month during which owner Jim Schmid said he lost approximately $15,000. Although the situation is improving, Schmid said he not sure whether the Food Factory will stay on campus.

“I don’t think it’s going to be a long time,” he said.

In early October, the eatery reduced its hours so it no longer serves lunch on weekdays. It also began offering food delivery services through the Merchants on Points program and tailored its menu to student preferences for particular food items, Schmid said.

“We’re trying to change. It’s getting better—we’re learning,” Schmid said.

Key issues for the venue include the need for updated signage and parking spaces accessible to COURTESY OF PARTNERSPLACE.NET

SEE FOOD FACTORY ON PAGE 8

More than $8,000 worth of belongings was stolen from Partners Place Oct. 20.

Chemistry 43 class Colleges mull LGBT status operates without question on applications lectures, textbooks

by Jack Mercola THE CHRONICLE

by Michael Lee THE CHRONICLE

One University professor has adopted an unconventional teaching method for his Chemistry 43 class.

Rather than lecturing during classtime, Stephen Craig, associate professor of chemistry, supervises groups of students working together on in-class problems. And instead of assigning reading from a physical textbook, Craig gives his class various video clips, recorded lectures, PDFs and e-book files centered on the class’ weekly topics. The class is one of the first of its kind for undergraduates at the University.

“My prior experience teaching Chem 31 was great, but so many of the best moments, I believe for both the students and for me, came from discussions during office hours,” Craig wrote

Elmhurst College, a private liberal arts college just outside Chicago, is inquiring about applicants’ sexual orientation on its admissions application this year.

Elmhurst is the first college in the nation to ask students, in an optional question, if they consider themselves a member of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community. Duke has no current plans to include such a question on its admissions application, Director of Undergraduate Admissions Christoph Guttentag said, noting that the Common Application debated including a similar question this year but ultimately decided to exclude it.

At Elmhurst, the question is used purely to collect data on an important demographic, Dean of Admission Gary Rold said. It helps the college understand

SEE TEXTBOOK ON PAGE 7

Coack K shifts style to match young team, Page 9

SEE LGBT ON PAGE 8

COURTNEY DOUGLAS/CHRONICLE FILE PHOTO

Duke administrators cite worries over student perception as a reason to not include a question about sexual orientation on an application.

ONTHERECORD

“Whether this movement is merely a flash in the pan or will grow into a political force with which to be reckoned remains to be seen.”

—Columnist William Reach in “Freedom from occupation.” See column page 14

Vogel discusses US policy changes, Page 3

2 | TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2011

THE CHRONICLE

worldandnation

Police use social media to track down gang members

For weeks, police came up empty in their search for a gang member charged with distributing the drug ecstasy—until they turned to Facebook.

It took a few keystrokes for Prince George’s County, Md., officers to find their man’s user profile, where they had expected to see his usual rantings about police and coded tidbits about his chosen trade. But what they discovered was even more helpful: That very morning, the fugitive had posted a photograph of himself wearing what one officer described as a “very distinctive” purple and teal shirt.

A few hours later, a photo of the suspect in hand, officers spotted the alleged dealer on the street. “We picked him out right away,” said Sgt. John O’Donnell of the Prince George’s gang unit. “You couldn’t have missed him. He knew we were looking for him. But he couldn’t help himself from updating Facebook.”

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schedule

Plastic Surgery: Reducing Credit Card Debt Erwin Square Building, 12:30-1:30p.m.

Presenters at this session will go over options for getting out of debt and ways to fix existing credit.

DukeEngage Week-and-a-Half

FEMA suspends payments Death toll rises to 279 in to pay for Irene repairs 7.2 Turkey earthquake WASHINGTON, D.C. — The United States will dismantle this week the last of its Cold War-era B53 nuclear bombs, the most destructive weapon in the country’s arsenal, the National Nuclear Safety Administration said Monday. The 10,000-pound bomb is the size of a minivan.

ANKARA, Turkey — The death toll in a 7.2-magnitude earthquake in eastern Turkey climbed to 279 Monday as rescue workers searched for hundreds of people trapped under rubble in the country’s worst natural disaster since 1999. At least 2,262 buildings collapsed Sunday.

Smith Warehouse B252, 5-8p.m.

Students will meet faculty and staff leading programs, hear from students who took part in previous years and consider which program or path to take.

The Dean is In: Dean Nowicki’s Evening Office Hours Marketplace, 8-10p.m.

Dean Nowicki encourages students to drop in and talk.

Guest Recital: Olivier Cave, pianist East Duke 201, 8-9:30p.m.

Swiss pianist Olivier Cave presents an allItalian program in celebration of the 150th anniversary of Italian unification.

TODAY IN HISTORY 2005: Hurricane Katrina slams into Gulf Coast.

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“Being green is about to get a little easier. The German carpooling network, Carpooling.com, is getting ready to launch in the U.S.... The system has demonstrated widespread success in Europe, having already expanded to 5,000 cities and 45 countries.”

— From The Chronicle’s News Blog bigblog.dukechronicle.com

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WEDNESDAY:

at Duke...

A man who has never gone to school may steal from a freight car; but if he has a university education, he may steal the whole railroad.

— Theodore Roosevelt

on the

TODAY:

CORRECTION

WILLIAM BOOTH/THE WASHINGTON POST

A Mexican soldier holds out a tool used by farmers to collect poppy sap. While the Mexican government focuses its attention on drug cartels and pulls its soldiers from the countryside to wage wars in urban areas, domestic marijuana and opium poppy production has grown to record levels.

An earlier vers ion of this ar ticle stated that the Panhellenic s pace, which closed in 1959 was in Crowell Quadrangle. The s pace was ac tually located in the Crowell Building on East Cam pus and s er ved as a large m eeting f acilit y for Pa n h e l l e n i c s o ro r i t i e s. Th e C hronicle regrets the error.

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TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2011 | 3

Experts debate end to Vogel claims US more int’l War on Terror cautious with policy

by Andrew Karim THE CHRONICLE

Ten years after the War on Terror was declared, experts continue to dispute its future as it relates to U.S. foreign policy.

In a debate titled “Is It Time to End the War on Terror?” Michael Doran, senior fellow in the Saban Center at Brookings Institution, and Will McCants, research analyst at the Center for Strategic Studies at CNA Analysis and Solutions, discussed the implications of both continuing the War on Terror or shifting U.S. focus away from the conflict. The debate was hosted by the Alexander Hamilton Society and moderated by Peter Feaver, professor of political science and co-director of the Duke American Grand Strategy Program.

Urging the Obama administration to rethink its current policies toward global terrorism movements, McCants said the United States is in a good position to declare an official end to the War on Terror.

“At this point, we must shift away from the mindset of a war against a terrorist group, as this rubric is such that gives [the government] too much power for action in the Middle East,” said McCants, founder and co-editor of the Jihadica blog.

Conversely, Doran said he believes the government should continue its war efforts. He added that the only solution is to keep troops on the ground to con-

tinue to gather information on terrorist activities.

“If [the U.S. government] doesn’t have people on the ground, [it] won’t have the intelligence to deal with what goes on,” Doran said.

The debaters’ opinions also differed concerning the relationship between al Qaeda and Iraq. Although Doran considers the problem a combination of state-sponsored terrorism, weapons of mass destruction and terrorism’s global reach, McCants noted the effect of the Iraq War on al Qaeda’s current state of affairs. McCants added that new militant groups were likely created as a result of the conflict.

“When you think about the effect of [Iraq] on al Qaeda, it’s important to consider the connections the group has made with other organizations in Iraq,” McCants said.

The Arab Spring, revolutionary demonstrations and protests in the Arab world beginning Dec. 2010, also served as cause for debate. McCants related the Arab Spring to the region’s economic strife, adding that unemployment issues drove the protests. Doran, however, cited former President George W. Bush’s foreign policy as the main instigator of the revolution.

“Bush understood that the structures of the Middle Eastern governments were the issue—not the allegedly imperialist policies of the United States in

by Yueran Zhang THE CHRONICLE

Although the United States previously enacted strict rules about environmental protection, health and safety, the European Union is leading the game of precautionary regulations, said David Vogel, professor of political science and Solomon P. Lee chair in business ethics at the Haas School of Business at the University of California-Berkeley.

Vogel compared the international trends of regulatory change in the United States and the European Union at a forum Monday titled “The Politics of Precaution,” sponsored by the Sanford School of Public Policy and the Kenan Institute for Ethics. He said the

American legislature tended to impose more stringent policies to prevent health and environmental risks than European countries in the 1960s through the 1980s—but the trend has reversed during the past twenty years.

“In [the 1960s through the 1980s] America had the highest standards of health and safety, but since 1990 there has been a dramatic shift,” Vogel said, “Europe has become more and more precautionary.”

For example, in late 1980s the United States actively restricted ozone pollution through legislation, but the attitude of the European Union was relatively ambivalent, SEE POLITICS ON PAGE 7

MALENA PRICE/THE CHRONICLE

SEE TERROR ON PAGE 6

Professor David Vogel speaks Monday at the Sanford School of Public Policy.

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THE CHRONICLE

Automakers embracing hands-free texting tech

by Ashley Halsey THE WASHINGTON POST

Two and a half years into the crusade against distracted driving, automakers are equipping vehicles with new technology that might circumvent the 34 state laws that prohibit text messaging behind the wheel, which 95 percent of Americans say is dangerous.

The manufacturers say the new hands-free text-messaging systems will reduce the risk of distraction. Safety advocates aren't so sure. And experts say it will require careful analysis to determine whether laws that ban drivers from sending and receiving text messages will apply to handsfree methods.

Vehicles are being transformed into mobile communications centers, with cellphones, DVD players, access to Facebook and Twitter, Global Positioning System devices and satellite radio.

“Unfortunately, drivers are being encouraged to do everything but drive,” said Jonathan Adkins, spokesman for the Governors Highway Safety Association. “It's a sign of the pressures of modern-day life to do 10 things at once.

However, driving is a complex task, and our message continues to be that a singular focus is needed.”

The latest wrinkle is an advancement in Ford's voiceactivated Sync system, which is standard in most of the company's 2012 models. Now, using a Bluetooth wireless connection with a cellphone, the vehicles can read text messages aloud. The driver can tap a touch screen to send one of 15 preset responses, including “I'm running a few minutes late,” “I can't talk right now” and “I'm on my way.”

BMW offers a similar system. Vehicles with General Motors’ OnStar will read text messages and Facebook statuses to the user and transcribe spoken messages into text or Facebook messages.

The demand for all this comes, in part, because the amount of time Americans spend stuck in traffic has more than doubled since 1982, to an average of 34 hours a year.

The Texas Transportation Institute determined that drivers in the Washington area have it worst, with an average of 74 hours lost in traffic each year.

Wade Newton of the Alliance of Automobile Manufac-

turers says carmakers are trying to respond with the safest possible technology.

“When a motorist is driving down the road and a cellphone rings and they answer it, they're giving us a message that that's important to them,” Newton said.

Many automakers have integrated buttons that once were on the dashboard, radio and cruise controls, for example, into the steering wheel in hopes of keeping drivers’ hands there.

“What a text message is and what's hands-free is always subject to debate,” Newton said. “They're tough questions, and that's why I think you're seeing automakers move to this integrated system that helps a driver do this safely.”

When states began banning text messaging, it didn't seem to need a great deal of definition—it was using a handheld device to tap out a message and to read messages from others. Now states will have to scrutinize their legal language to decide whether hands-free systems elude their definition and intent.

“This is another example of technology changing faster than laws can keep up,” Adkins said. “Just a few years ago, texting wasn't even an option. Now we have this new option for voice activation. To date, there has been no independent research indicating a safety benefit to this technology, and until that benefit is demonstrated, we won't be able to support it.”

Sending or receiving text messages on a handheld device is illegal in some states. But hands-free text messaging?

“If it were to be interpreted as illegal, enforcement would be nearly impossible,” Adkins said. “How could we say that it's OK to use your phone hands-free but not text hands-free?”

U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood, who has been an unrelenting spearhead of the distracted-driving crusade, is unambiguous about his goal. He doesn't support any form of texting or telephone conversation while driving. He urges people to put their phones in the glove compartment.

He said he has discussed the new technology with the heads of all domestic and foreign automakers.

“I've pointed out to them that a number of these technologies that they're putting in these cars are distractions,” LaHood said. “I leave it them to figure out how... to be responsible for what kinds of technology they're putting in and what impact they have on people's driving ability.”

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says 5,474 people were killed and an estimated 448,000 were injured in 2009 in accidents that involved distracted driving. NHTSA said that accounted for about 16 percent of traffic deaths.

A survey done this summer on behalf of the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety found that 95 percent of drivers consider text messaging while driving a serious threat and that 87 percent support laws prohibiting it.

Russ Rader of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety said more research is needed before conclusions can be drawn about the safety of new communications technology such as hands-free texting.

“Does it really make it safer, or does it encourage people to use these things more often and create a greater likelihood of distraction?” he said. “Even as all this new technology has been coming into vehicles, there hasn't been a corresponding wave of crashes. It's a conundrum that researchers are going to have to untangle.”

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TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2011 | 5

China’s building binge outpaces citizens’ needs

by Keith B. Richburg THE WASHINGTON POST

BEIJING — In tiny Boao, on China's southernmost Hainan Island, the sleek new glass-and-steel train station rises above the town like a modern-day version of New York’s Grand Central Station. The inside is cavernous, shiny and pristine. And the sleek white bullet train whisks passengers along the island's coast to the airport in Haikou in less than an hour.

Except on a recent journey, there were hardly any passengers.

The high-speed Hainan train, built at a cost of about $3 billion and traversing just 190 miles along the island's coast, is in many ways a metaphor for China's infrastructure building boom of recent years— efficient, super-modern, costly and so far vastly underused.

Since late 2008, when China enacted a fiscal stimulus program to avert the contagion effects of a global economic slowdown, the country has embarked on a building binge, including highways, high-speed rail lines, bridges, municipal subway systems, terminal buildings and nearly a hundred airports.

A new rail line cut travel time between Beijing and Shanghai to just five hours. The world's longest bridge over water opened this year in the city of Qingdao, spanning 26 miles across the Jiaozhou Bay. China is on track to soon surpass the United States in the number of highway miles built.

To many who have looked on with envy, this amounts to investing in the future.

“Building a world-class transportation system is part of what made us an economic superpower,” President Barack Obama said in his September speech to a joint session of Congress. “And now we're going to sit back and watch China build newer airports and faster railroads?”

But this building boom has raised questions here. How much infrastructure building is too much? Has the country taken on too much debt to build the world's fastest

trains, longest bridges and most expansive highway network?

And, in light of two major accidents—a deadly collision of two high-speed trains in Wenzhou in July and a September crash on a subway line in Shanghai—is the race to build coming at a cost to safety?

“High-speed rail became a holy grail for progress,” the investigative newsmagazine Caixin wrote in a September editorial. Recalling the language used during Mao Zedong’s disastrous Great Leap Forward, the editorial said the grandiose expressions used to rally support for the bullet trains “were designed to elevate China's highspeed rail system as the epitome of the nation's rise to greatness in the globalized world.”

An even harsher commentary came after the Wenzhou train crash, which killed 30 people, from of all places the newspaper People’s Daily, the mouthpiece of the ruling Communist Party. The paper warned that China did not need “bloodsoaked GDP.” The government’s centralized planning system has faced much tougher scrutiny, particularly from the media. Most of the bigticket infrastructure projects were designed and implemented from the top down, with virtually no public input. The result has been a series of "white elephants”—such as a “ghost city’ of empty office buildings in Ordos in Inner Mongolia, or huge airport terminals in isolated western cities with few passengers.

One longtime critic of the government’s infrastructure spending is Zhao Jian, an economics professor at Beijing Jiaotong University, the country’s leading transportation school. He has argued that while this developing nation needs infrastructure, it does not need the most modern and expensive infrastructure—because most average citizens cannot afford it.

China now has about 46,000 miles of SEE INFRASTRUCTURE ON PAGE 6

Plaza pick-me-up

MELISSA YEO/THE CHRONICLE

Matt Wargo is traveling to universities across the country to find which student body is the most welcoming. Monday afternoon, Wargo descended on the Bryan Center plaza, giving free hugs to all.

6 | TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2011

INFRASTRUCTURE from page 5 expressways—a close second to the United States—with plans to build that out to 112,500 miles by 2030. Almost all of the expressways are toll roads.

But, Zhao said, the United States still has three times as many cars as China.

“There’s no free lunch,” Zhao said.

"For people to use these roads, they must pay money.... If China has so few automobiles, who pays the money to build the expressways?

“China should build roads,” he said, “but not expressways.”

Zhao has been similarly critical of the high-speed rail system, arguing mainly that it is too expensive to build — at least three times the amount of normal train lines—and that the ticket prices are still far too high for average Chinese to afford. Echoing his argument for highways, Zhao said, “China should build more rail—but not high-speed rail.”

One reason behind the high-speed-rail construction was to make moving freight more efficient. Currently, freight and passenger trains share the same rail lines, slowing the transport of precious commodities such as coal. The high-speed rail lines were intended to take the passengers off the existing lines.

But the cheapest high-speed train ticket costs far more than the most expensive ticket on the older, slower trains, and passenger demand for the high-speed trains has been light. On lines where slow trains have been replaced, many traveling home for the Chinese New Year holidays now prefer to travel by car or bus—clogging the highways—instead of paying the ticket prices for the bullet trains.

Zhao is far from the only critic of the pace of the government's infrastructure building, and many are now speaking openly.

THE CHRONICLE

“I believe we have already built too much infrastructure,” said Xu Xiaonian, a professor of economics and finance at the China Europe International Business School in Shanghai. “By too much, I mean ahead of economic development and ahead of demand.”

With high-speed rail, for example, Xu said, “it's very clear. We have built too much. We are way ahead of what the economy needs.”

Pointing to the number of new airports and “highways without traffic,” Xu compared the building boom with the proposed “Star Wars” missile defense system championed by President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s—“Tomorrow we may need it—is that an argument?”

Other economists here make the opposite case—a rapidly developing country with a population of more than 1.3 billion people might not need the infrastructure now, but they will in the future. As an example, they point to the series of ring roads—the equivalent to the Capital Beltway—circling Beijing. At the time the third, fourth and fifth ring roads were being constructed, they looked like a waste, with few cars. Now, most of the ring roads are jam-packed all times of the day and night.

The bigger problem, say many here, is not the infrastructure but the debt incurred to build it.

The government's $586 billion stimulus package was actually a series of government bank loans pumped into the economy on easy terms. Local governments set up “special funding platforms,” or quasi-independent investment entities to borrow the money at low cost, and the money was used to build the airports and train stations and, in many cities, new commercial districts. Many localities used land as collateral to borrow the money.

TERROR from page 3 the region,” Doran said.

Sophomore John Scott-Jones said he enjoyed seeing two speakers with such different perspectives discuss a political issue that is currently being addressed

by President Barack Obama’s administration. Scott-Jones added, however, that he questioned the value of the debate given larger ethical issues.

“It was disturbing to hear two individuals who have an interest and an influence in global affairs talk purely about American interests rather than a greater

good,” Scott-Jones said.

The debate only concerned the policies of the past two administrations.

“It would have been interesting to hear more about events that occurred prior to 9/11 and their impact on terrorism today,” sophomore Kamika Shaw said.

Senior Nick Setterberg, president of the Alexander Hamilton Society, noted the importance of having experts with different political views debate on Duke’s campus.

“Reactions to the debate were extremely good,” Setterberg said. “Every person who was there gained useful insight on the War on Terror and United States-Middle East policy in general.”

IRINA DANESCU/THE CHRONICLE

Moderator Peter Feaver and Will McCants, research analyst at the Center for Strategic Studies at CNA Analysis and Solutions, take part in a debate discussing the War on Terror in the Old Trinity Room Monday.

THE CHRONICLE

TEXTBOOKS from page 1 in an email Saturday. “I wanted to create more opportunities for those types of interactions.”

The class is divided into groups of students that work together to solve assigned problems in class with the assistance of their instructors and the multimedia resources given to them.

Craig noted that the new method improved the students’ levels of engagement.

“The biggest difference I see is the intensity of the class period—it is hard for me or for the students to go on auto-pilot,” he said.

“One valuable thing that happens is that the conversations we have as a full class are really focused on the less obvious aspects of concepts and questions, and I think that’s great.”

Craig said the new model has affected his daily responsibilities as an instructor.

“I have to be ready to respond to anything that comes up,” he said. “Duke students are remarkably adept at asking the really hard questions, so that’s a big difference from just talking through a set of materials that I have planned out in advance.”

This alternative, team-oriented model was based partially on the success of similar approaches at the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School and the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Craig said.

Richard MacPhail, co-director of undergraduate studies for the chemistry department and associate professor of chemistry, said this method might be adopted on a wider scale if it proves to be effective.

“Since we have students in two sections of Chem 43 taking these two different approaches, we hope to have data at the end of the fall that will help us answer this question,” MacPhail wrote in an email Thursday. “If this approach is determined to be a success, I suspect that at least some chemistry faculty [would] be willing to try it.”

Many students responded positively to the

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2011 | 7

class, noting its high level of engagement.

“I really like the structure,” freshman Claire Meriwether said. “I like that it’s more you discovering the knowledge than the knowledge being given to you. I think in the long term, I’ll be able [to recall the information better].”

Meriwether added that there are many benefits to the class’ small size, which is more rare in introductory science courses.

“My favorite part of it is the size—there’s only 30 people,” she said. “I know the professor a lot better than I would in a big lecture....

He’s really involved in all levels of the class, so I really appreciate that.”

Others expressed similar praise for the class’s structure.

“I like it because I can work at my own pace, and I don’t have to sit through the lecture and feel like I’m falling asleep,” freshman Katie West said. “I haven’t missed class yet....

You have a team, and you’re letting down the team if you’re absent.”

West said, however, she hopes for greater use of the textbook.

“I would like it more if we could have more work out of the book because I tend to start reading the book more of the time,” she said.

“Sometimes I’ll ask people from other Chem 43 sections to send me their [practice problem sets].”

Craig noted that despite the positive student response, the new model still faces some hurdles.

“One general challenge is that the class period doesn’t necessarily feel as cohesive as it might in a lecture where I weave a story or stories from start to finish,” he said.

There are plans to test this method on other introductory courses next semester, depending on the results found this Fall, MacPhail said.

“We would also need to scale things up to a larger course size, which is a significant challenge,” he said. “We plan to explore scale-up options during the coming spring semester.”

POLITICS from page 3 he said. But now it is the European Union that is taking the lead in ozone regulations and America is less supportive of strong enforcement of ozone-related regulation. He added that the same phenomena can also be seen in food safety, chemical use and toy production.

“During the [the 1960s through the 1980s] we heard many critics saying that America used precautionary regulations as trade barriers,” Vogel said. “Now the direction of criticism is also reversed.”

Vogel attributed this reversed trend mainly to changing public opinion. When a potential risk is revealed, the American public want substantial proof that there is a risk, but European people prefer to push for immediate legal action.

“People in our country were responsive to the alarm bell, taking it seriously and pushing the government to take action, but now we become cautious and skeptical,” Vogel said.

He argued that in addition to changing public opinion, bipartisan dissonance in Washington, D.C. also contributed to the decrease in precautionary regulations in the United States.

“The Republicans become more conservative, which makes it harder for Congress to pass [precautionary] laws,” Vogel said.

“In 1989 after the [Exxon Valdez] oil spill, Congress responded [with] bipartisan cooperation and passed a law that enormously increased the safety standard—but twenty years later after the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, Congress responded by doing nothing.”

Vogel also added that many scholars are beginning to believe that governments have made too many unnecessary regulations in the past.

“People began to think that the U.S. had made too many mistakes when approving

the stringent laws driven by the public anxiety,” Vogel said. “They questioned whether it was responsible for the government to spend so much on preventing the risks which even might not be real.”

Vogel also made the point that even though the federal government became less active in precautionary regulations, the United States still experiences European Unionstyle protection against environmental and health risks through other mechanisms.

“The most important mechanism is the state governments,” Vogel said. “For example, the California legislature follows the guideline of the E.U. rigorously—if the E.U. changes its policy, the policy of California will automatically be changed.”

Corporations are another significant mechanism for ensuring safety, Vogel said.

When corporations improve their products to meet the European Union’s requirements, they spontaneously offer less risky products to Americans.

“I’m not making a claim that it’s better to have stringent policies—it is only a matter of view,” Vogel said. “But I want to make it clear that we are now in the different direction than twenty years ago, and now Europe is doing what we had done.”

Shiri Cohen, a senior research fellow at the Center for the History of Political Economy, said the examples Vogel used made his point very persuasive.

“I think his speech was very clear,” Cohen said. “It was presented in a very good structure.”

Edward Balleisen, an associate professor of history, said there is still much to be debated around the issue, adding that there are additional sides to this topic.

“It is really an excellent general discussion about the essential policy-making issues,” Balleisen said. “He raised a big question not only concerned with the U.S. and the E.U., but also India, China, Latin America and all over the world.”

8 | TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2011

FOOD FACTORY from page 1 customers without parking permits, he said, adding that the business originally intended to increase profits by attracting non-student customers.

Rick Johnson, assistant vice president of housing and dining, said the changes have upped sales in the past week.

“This is the second partner we’ve had that’s really struggled during the day, and they might have hit the nail on the head by closing during the day,” Johnson said.

“They’re starting to understand their primary market is Duke students.”

Poor sales are partially a result of the Food Factory’s location. Central resident Isabelle Brogna, a sophomore, said she has never been to the eatery.

“I’m on West [Campus], so it’s easier to get food conveniently,” Brogna said.

“Food Factory just doesn’t seem worth a special trip.”

The Food Factory is not the first eatery on Central Campus to struggle in sales.

Central’s previous restaurant—the Devil’s Bistro, run by Bon Appetit Management Company—opened in April 2010 in conjunction with Mill Village. Vice President for Student Affairs Larry Moneta said the Devil’s Bistro was ultimately unprofitable.

When the Devil’s Bistro opened, the now defunct Campus Council hosted an event called “Grand Central” to celebrate the opening of the entire complex.

The Food Factory opened with little fanfare, though Duke Dining invested about $30,000 to support the Food Factory, Johnson said.

“The building had already had a grand opening, and it was up to the Food Factory to do as little or as much advertising as they wanted,” Johnson wrote in an email Monday.

THE CHRONICLE

Andrew Schreiber, former Duke University Student Dining Advisory Committee co-chair and Trinity ’11, sent an email Oct. 5 to Moneta and Johnson, detailing his disappointment with Duke Dining’s handling of the Food Factory. The venue was first proposed as a potential new eatery to DUSDAC and some members of Duke Student Government in November 2008.

“Many of us, within both DSG and DUSDAC, worked for years to make this vendor’s appearance on campus a reality.... I am deeply disturbed that the administrative support that was lent to Devil’s Bistro has not been afforded to Food Factory,” said Schreiber, also former DSG chief of staff. “I urge you to direct administrative funds to promote or prop up Food Factory until it has been given a fair chance.”

Schreiber said in an Oct. 20 interview said he never received a response from the email recipients.

The University has the same incentive to ensure the success of the Food Factory as it did with Devil’s Bistro, Moneta said.

“There is no venue that I would prize more highly than another,” Moneta said.

Communication with Duke Dining has been difficult since Jim Wulforst— former director of dining services— stepped down from his position in August, Schmid noted.

“When Jim Wulforst left, I really lost my only friend here,” Schmid said. “We had had a lot of verbal agreements and that all went away.”

The University is currently conducting a national search for Wulforst’s replacement.

Johnson is overseeing dining in Duke Dining in the interim, with assistance from Barbara Stokes, assistant director of dining.

“We were dealing with a headless entity in dining services,” Schmid said.

Sanette Tanaka contributed reporting.

LGBT from page 1 how a specific student group interacts with the college’s resources and academics—information crucial to improving the college experience for all students.

“If gay and lesbian students have struggled, we don’t want them to feel that way at Elmhurst,” he said.

Both the Office of Undergraduate Admissions and the University as a whole want Duke to be an unequivocally hospitable environment for all students, Guttentag said. At this time, the inclusion of question regarding students’ sexual orientation, however, may cause more strain on applicants due to their own reading of the question.

“Applicant perception is a major factor in how we think about questions like this,” Guttentag said, adding that although universities may intend to simply gather data, applicants may perceive other intentions.

Rold said inquiry to sexuality identity is similar to that of race, gender and nationality, though noted that the question on Elmhurst’s application is not used to advocate for or against LGBT students.

An LGBT-related question has the ability to promote diversity on college campuses and decrease the invisibility that sometimes corresponds to being part of the LGBT community, openly gay freshman Cameron Mazza said.

“If you think you could benefit from identifying as LGBT, whether you’re out or not, then you have the right and duty to yourself to make that happen,” Mazza said.

Blue Devils United President Ari Bar-Mashiah, a senior, said students

PARTNERS from page 1 “Obviously nobody said it’s our fault and of course we’re partly liable because we left our door unlocked, but we were 10 feet away and only gone for 10 or 15 minutes,” Cesar said. “That’s something that everybody does—it’s a very open culture and safe atmosphere here.”

Partners’ security guard on duty was asleep in his car at the time of the incident, Cesar noted.

“The security company should have a certain standard of safety,” Cesar added. “A lot of focus is on the entry and exit, but the access points are on the sides.”

Pfisterer added that DPD has not followed up with the three students after the incident.

“I had to call to follow up,” he said.

“They didn’t take down the specifics of the stuff that was stolen like the laptop serial numbers.”

Officials from Raleigh-based Sunstates Security, the security company at the complex, could not be reached for comment Monday.

Cesar said the response from Partners’ management has been delayed and ineffective. After sending an email to Partners shortly after the incident, Cesar said he did not receive a response until Monday. Representatives

@duke chronicle

who embrace their LGBT affiliations on their college applications prove that they are relatively confident and comfortable with themselves even in the face of adversity.

“If students are out and comfortable, sexual identity is something they should definitely highlight on their application,” Bar-Mashiah said. “It sets them apart from other applicants, not just by sexual identity but by passion and drive. A student leading with their passions is more important than sexual identity.”

The data-taking purpose of this question, however, may not be able to be fulfilled due to the nature of coming out, Mazza said, adding that he did not feel comfortable exposing this identity to the parties reading his application when he applied to Duke.

“Given that being LGBT is one of the hardest things in a teenager’s life, and given that some teenagers don’t come from the most accepting communities, it is near impossible to ensure that an accurate demographic is represented,” he said.

Guttentag noted that the present climate of LGBT issues may be too sensitive to include the question in this year’s application.

“Issues of sexual orientation and self-identification and sharing those right now in our culture are complex and fluid,” Guttentag said. “These may change in coming years, and it’s certainly something we will watch carefully. As we review the application every year, we want to make it easier for a student to feel comfortable sharing that with us if they want. At the same time, I don’t want anybody to feel compelled to do so—finding the right balance is difficult.” from Community Focus of N.C., Inc., Partners’ property management company, told Cesar that it was not liable for the stolen property.

Community Focus handles general property management for the Partners complex, excluding security, said Josh Lindgren, the company’s vice president. Instead, the board of the Homeowners Association of North Carolina hires the security company and monitors their performance.

The owners of Partners decided to enhance security by installing the maximum possible lighting in the public areas of the complex and maintaining a security guard, said Barbara Evans, property manager for Griffin Associates Realtors, the real estate firm at the apartments.

“At other complexes, students complain a lot about the entry gate getting stalled,” Evans said. “Their solution [here] was to shed light in the area and hire security, but there’s no such thing as guaranteed safety.”

Senior Joe Pedevillano, Cesar’s roommate, said he would support the installation of a security gate in light of the recent incident. “[The intruder(s)] were able to come in so smoothly—we were gone 20 minutes,” Pedevillano said. “They were obviously watching us—that’s not a comforting thought.”

Sports

BLUE ZONE

The Chronicle

TUESDAY October 25, 2011

Grading the Blue Devils in their 12th straight loss to Wake Forest.

Taking a look at Duke men’s basketball recruiting news from the last week.

www.dukechroniclesports.com

MEN’S BASKETBALL

Predictable No Wooden, no problem offense slows Krzyzewski alters style to fit young, inexperienced roster Blue Devils

by Chris Cusack THE CHRONICLE

Sean Renfree’s conservative play wasn’t to blame for Duke’s 24-23 loss to Wake Forest Saturday. Neither was Anthony Boone’s inefficient red-zone attack nor a defense prone to yield big plays.

It was head coach David Cutcliffe’s reluctance to change failing offensive schemes.

“The bottom line is that we couldn’t as a team overcome the poor job I did in the first half,” Cutcliffe said after the loss.

Scott “In all of the areas that a head coach is responsible, we were more than poor….

We didn’t have any rhythm offensively or defensively, and I’m responsible for every bit of that.”

Cutcliffe’s mea culpa is a good sign for Duke going forward, but it isn’t enough for Blue Devil fans. For a coach becoming known for his unyielding philosophy and obstinate play calling, Cutcliffe will have to learn from his errors and, more importantly, change his gameplan to avoid them if Duke is going to succeed.

The frightening thing is that he’s shown no propensity to do so.

While Cutcliffe was obscure about what exactly his mistakes were, the first half was marred by excessively conservative passing by Renfree. Throughout the half, Cutcliffe’s prized quarterback was under constant pres-

Rich

Mike Krzyzewski cannot remember a season when the Blue Devils have not had at least one player on the Wooden Award watch list.

The award is given to the nation’s top college basketball player at the end of each season, and the absence of Duke players on the 2011 edition of the watch list highlights the abundance of youth on this year’s team. With such an inexperienced roster, Krzyzewski said he has altered his coaching style to an extent he has only matched “six or eight times” in his 32 years with the program.

The change is less related to in-game strategy and more about how the head coach manages his team.

The graduation of Kyle Singler and Nolan Smith, who highlighted last year’s group of 50 Wooden Award nominees, left the squad without a leader who has already established his role on the team.

“Right now we won’t get as much help from a player like we got help from... Nolan or Kyle,” Krzyzewski said. “Our guys are still trying to figure out what they’re doing.”

Youth is not necessarily a predictor of early struggles, as Kyrie Irving proved last year, but even the most talented rookies can benefit from being surrounded by veterans. Irving needed just 11 collegiate games to play himself into becoming the No. 1 overall pick in the 2011 NBA Draft, but Krzyzewski attributes Irving’s rapid adjustment to the college game largely to Singler and Smith’s leadership.

JULIA MAY/CHRONICLE FILE PHOTO

SEE COACH K ON PAGE 12

Krzyzewski has changed his coaching style to fit the youngest Blue Devil team in years.

SEE RICH ON PAGE 11

WOMEN’S TENNIS

Capra, Goldfeld advance to ITA doubles finals

by Patricia Lee THE CHRONICLE

ELYSIA SU/THE CHRONICLE

Ester Goldfeld teamed with Beatrice Capra to advance to the finals, where the duo fell to Clemson’s Keri Wong and Josipa Bek.

After placing two singles players in the semifinals and a doubles team in the finals at the ITA Carolina Regional Championships, Duke is feeling especially strong finishing up with its fall training.

“I thought all in all, it was a good event for us,” head coach Jamie Ashworth said. “We were looking for some people to take advantage of some opportunities they were given, and they did that.”

The play of Blue Devil freshmen Beatrice Capra and Ester Goldfeld highlighted the tournament for Duke. The doubles team came back from a match point at 7-6 to defeat the No. 7-ranked Wake Forest pair of Kayla Duncan and Kathryn Talbert 9-7 to reach the finals.

The two were unable to keep up the momentum, however, falling to the No. 1 doubles pair in the nation, Clemson’s Keri Wong and Josipa Bek, 8-5 despite claiming an early 2-0 lead.

“We were trying to get something out of our doubles, so we

changed our doubles team, and we wanted to get a look at some different combinations,” Ashworth said. “As a whole, I thought it was fairly successful.”

In singles play, junior Mary Clayton picked up a quarterfinal win after another Duke player— freshman Monica Turewicz— withdrew due to illness. Clayton failed to win her semifinal match against Clemson’s Nelly Ciolkowski, though, falling 6-3, 6-2.

Looking back at the results, Ashworth said he thought the tournament was a successful one in terms of gauging the players’ individual strengths and weaknesses against top opponents and in measuring the playing level of rival teams.

“One of the things we had talked about before the tournament was that this was a tournament where we could see what kind of depth we have against a lot of teams we’re going to face in the spring,” he said. “If you look at the top [North Carolina] teams that we were going against in the SEE W. TENNIS ON PAGE 10

10 | TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2011

THE CHRONICLE

MEN’S SOCCER

Duke returns home to face Bulldogs Blue Devils start four-game home stand to close out regular season

fromstaffreports Swimmers enter national rankings Following the first few weeks of NCAA swimming and diving season, a slew of Blue Devils have earned spots among the top performers in their respective events. Many stellar showings

by Duke swimmers at Maryland Saturday appeared on the NCAA’s first rankings of the season.

Junior Ben Hwang was the only swimmer in the country to break the 20-second barrier in the 50-yard freestyle, with a time of 19.84. He was one of just three freestyle sprinters to make the NCAA’s “B” cut in the season’s opening weekend. Swimmers must eventually make the higher “A” cut to be guaranteed a place at the national championships, but the slots left available after the seeding of “A” swimmers are filled with “B” swimmers. There is still plenty of time to exceed the sky-high “A” standards, as no swimmer has yet broken that barrier.

Hwang also earned the eighth spot on the 100-free list with his 44.66 performance, just 0.64 seconds off the No. 1 time in the event. Graduate student Piotr Safronczyk made his Duke debut in the ninth spot on the 100-yard breaststroke list after his 55.85-second sprint Saturday. Sophomore Hunter Knight and junior Jim Zuponeck, who with Safronczyk swept the 100 breast at Maryland, came in back-to-back at No. 13 and No. 14.

The women did not come away with a victory at Maryland, but several of the individual performances earned recognition. Senior Rose O’Connor posted a 16:49.97 time in the 1650yard freestyle to place eighth among NCAA competitors, and sophomore Christine Wixted earned her way into the top five in both the 100- and 200yard breaststroke events. Her 1:02.26 showing in the 100 was good for fourth

place, just 0.35 seconds off the first-place pace, and she tied for third in the 200 by touching in 2:14.92. Both times cleared the NCAA “B” cut standard.

The men’s 200-yard freestyle relay team of Hwang, Safronczyk, junior Adam Flur and senior Ben Tuben, at 1:22.09, was only slower than a Florida State mark from earlier in the season, and sophomore transfer Steven Gasparini replaced Flur in the thirdranked 200-yard medley relay that finished in 1:30.05. On the women’s side, Wixted teamed up with freshman Megan McCarroll, sophomore Lauren Weaver and senior Steffi Niessl to earn the No. 9 ranking in the 200-yard medley relay.

Weinberg earns national recognition Last week, Laura Weinberg put away two crucial goals as Duke toppled thenNo. 3 Wake Forest 3-1. This week, she is being rewarded for that performance, as she was named to the TopDrawerSoccer Team of the Week and the CS360 Primetime Performer list.

Weinberg has started 17 of Duke’s 18 contests this year and ranks second on the team with seven goals. Her two-goal performance against the Demon Deacons was her second multiple goal performance of the season.

McCurdy, Obieme honored by ACC Ali McCurdy has been recognized as the ACC volleyball player of the week after amassing 49 digs in Duke’s wins over North Carolina and N.C. State. The sophomore averages 5.5 digs per set, .62 more than her closest conference competitor.

Jeme Obieme combined for 17 kills with just two hitting errors in the Blue Devils’ two games, receiving ACC freshman of the week recognition. She hit at a team-high .385 clip during the week, raising her season total to 160.

CHRIS DALL/CHRONICLE FILE PHOTO

James Belshaw and the Duke defense will look to rebound after giving up six goals in two losses.

by Danny Nolan THE CHRONICLE

Following two straight losses to Maryland and Boston College on the road, Duke will look to get back on track against UNC-Asheville. It will be the first of a four-game home stand for the UNC Asheville Blue Devils before they compete in the vs.

ACC tournament.

Duke (7-6-1) takes Duke on the Bulldogs (3-93) tonight at 7 p.m. at TUESDAY, 7 p.m.

Koskinen Stadium.

Koskinen Stadium “The last couple of games we had great opportunities to put ourselves in a position to do damage,” goalkeeper James Belshaw said. “We didn’t take these opportunities. We have a bit of pressure on ourselves now and hopefully we can pull through it and get four wins and head into the postseason with some momentum.”

The Blue Devils’ pair of losses on the

W. TENNIS from page 9 semis, both had teams in the top 10 in the country, and that was good for everyone on our team.”

Highlighting the strong level of play over the past several days, Ashworth pointed out that the tournament definitely helps his players prepare for the upcoming ITA Indoor National Championships in No-

road came after seven straight games without a loss. During the streak, Duke outscored its opposition 24-10 and was ranked in the top 25 for the first time since August 29th.

In order to reclaim their spot in the national rankings, Belshaw thinks the Blue Devils need to set the tone early.

“The way we start the game is going to be very important,” Belshaw said. “We have to be the ones that dictate the tempo, especially on our home pitch. One of the big things is getting an early goal and building on that.”

UNC-Asheville’s defense has been porous lately, giving up seven total goals in three straight losses.

Belshaw also says the team will look to improve defensively after giving up six goals in their last two contests.

“We only have two shutouts this year, and we need to address that,” Belshaw said. “We haven’t even had a shutout at home this year. So four games, four wins, four shutouts.” vember, if not the upcoming season.

“It’s hard to talk about dual matches when they’re three months away because a lot can change and a lot can happen before then, but you want to see girls getting better and doubles teams working together and communicating,” Ashworth said.

“We’re happy with where some of the girls are at, but at the same time, we play another tournament in two weeks, and over the next weeks we can get better.”

JI SOO YOON/THE CHRONICLE

Laura Weinberg earned national recognition after scoring two goals in a win over then-No.3 Wake Forest

THE CHRONICLE

RICH from page 9 sure despite facing one of the worst pass rushes in the nation and Renfree looked reluctant to risk getting hit.

The result was a misleading first-half stat line—the redshirt junior was 16-of-19 for 92

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2011 | 11

yards. While the completion percentage is impressive, his average of only 5.8 yards per completion is awful for a quarterback in a pass-heavy offense. Although much of this comes down to Renfree’s decision making, Cutcliffe should have diagnosed and alleviated this issue long ago.

Missed opportunities down the field

THANH-HA NGUYEN/THE CHRONICLE

Sending in Anthony Boone for Sean Renfree in the red zone is a failed strategy, Rich writes.

have plagued Duke all season—particularly in another pivotal loss, to FCS opponent Richmond, in which Renfree averaged just 8.7 yards per completion and cost the Blue Devils a potential field goal with a checkdown to the middle of the field late in the second half that ran out the clock.

This trend has persisted since the opener, as Duke currently ranks 111th in the nation— out of 120 FBS teams—in yards per completion, a jarring statistic for an offense that sports two of the best receivers in the ACC. What’s Cutcliffe to do? If Renfree is under so much pressure, give him an extra blocker—if he doesn’t have time go through his whole progression before checking down, having a fifth receiver in the pattern doesn’t help much anyway. Or Cutcliffe could let Renfree move out of the pocket more often, an intriguing prospect considering the coaching staff’s confidence in calling draws for Renfree Saturday.

Duke, despite the issues with Renfree’s conservative passing choices, still should have defeated Wake Forest for the first time in over a decade, though, if only they had converted in the red zone, another long-time issue for the Blue Devils. But again, one of Cutcliffe’s foibles, his love affair with changing quarterbacks in short-yardage situations, likely cost his team the game. The problem has persisted since last season, when Brandon Connette’s presence in the red zone on a last minute drive against Boston College stalled the Blue Devils’ momentum.

Cutcliffe opted not to replace Renfree in the red zone during the team’s three wins while Brandon Connette was injured, showing the substitution that was once worthwhile as a surprise change of pace is now anything but. Yet Cutcliffe turned to Boone on Saturday in critical situations.

On Boone’s third possession Saturday, everyone in the stands knew a fake end-around and quarterback draw was

coming—which meant the opponent certainly did too.

“You can be predictable all you want, but [they’ve] got to stop it,” Boone said of the offense after the game.

But given that predictability, having Boone in the game is no better than handing off to a running back up the middle.

Although the redshirt freshman quarterback scored two rushing touchdowns, he needed three attempts from inside the 3-yard line to score each time. Boone averaged just 1.7 yards per carry, a paltry number that pales in comparison to all three Duke running backs that saw action Saturday. But because of Boone’s two scores—which were more a product of the offensive line and repetition than the package’s ingenuity— Cutcliffe continued turning to him.

As the Blue Devils found themselves at the Demon Deacon 5-yard line up three points midway through the fourth quarter, a touchdown could have secured the game.

The Renfree-led offense, led by stellar running by Desmond Scott, had led Duke down the field, but Cutcliffe installed Boone in the red zone. In three plays, Boone rushed for no gain, handed the ball off to Scott for three yards and threw an incompletion, forcing Duke to settle for a field goal and a one-possession lead.

The performance Saturday is not an isolated issue—Duke’s running quarterbacks have struggled all year. Connette and Boone have combined for just 32 yards rushing on 30 carries while completing only 14 passes.

The Blue Devils were given every opportunity to end their long losing streak to Wake Forest Saturday, and would have were it not for old mistakes that have yet to be put to bed. And if Cutcliffe and his coaching staff don’t make the necessary changes, this team will never earn the respectability fans have yearned for—regardless of whether Cutcliffe shoulders the blame.

12 | TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2011

COACH K from page 9 The head coach cannot rely on that type of guidance with the current roster, making quality preseason preparation all the more critical for the team and its five freshmen.

The Blue Devils’ lack of experience is not the only determining factor in his change of philosophy, though. After three straight 30-win seasons, none of the current Blue Devils have experienced the relative down years, such as the 2006-07 and 2007-08 seasons, in which the team combined for 50 wins in two seasons. Those rougher seasons were the introduction to the program for Lance Thomas and Brian Zoubek, who would go on to spearhead the 2010 NCAA title run. Their head coach believes the early years reinforced

THE CHRONICLE

a toughness that helped them win the NCAA championship as seniors.

“How you coach a team like this is going to be incredibly different than the team the last two years,” Krzyzewski said, “because a lot of those guys [had] already had their noses rubbed in dirt.”

Although current co-captain Miles Plumlee played for a year alongside Thomas and Zoubek, it will be new for him to enter a season where so many players have undefined roles. Ryan Kelly will be thrust into an even brighter spotlight, complicating his adjustment to expanded on-court responsibilities. Both players shined in China and Dubai during the Friendship Games over the summer, but neither have yet proven they can consistently carry a team throughout the six-month season.

“We need a lot more before we can say

we’re going to be good enough,” Krzyzewski said. “I know the road we have to go through. I’d rather do it during practice than experience setbacks [during the regular season].”

In the end, though, Krzyzewski be-

lieves all the pieces are in place to match the success of recent seasons—even without the established players that have defined those rosters.

“We have the talent,” Krzyzewski said, “but do we have the maturity of a winner?”

Follow @dukebasketball for daily updates from Countdown through the NCAA tournament.

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Lest ye be judged Toleration on college cam- It ruled that universities were puses ought to be par for the right to enforce open particicourse. But the aftermath of pation as part of nondiscrimia 2010 Supreme Court case, nation policies.

Hastings College of Law v.

This ruling has made itself Martinez, has called into ques- felt this year at Vanderbilt, San tion how far we Diego State editorial ought to extend and Marquette our toleration universities, for the beliefs of others. among others. There, univerIn the 2010 case, the Hast- sity administrators have either ings College Christian Legal revoked or threatened to reSociety members claimed that voke official recognition of their First Amendment right groups in question until they to freedom of expression and open their membership to all. association was being limited At first blush, these rulings by the school’s request that seem spot on. Barring those they admit gay students. The with dissident opinions from plaintiffs argued that the group membership seems to school, by forcing the group undermine fundamental valto accept all comers, compro- ues of incredible gravity: A mised the fundamental aim willingness to engage the arguof the group: to unify like- ments of others and seek out minded individuals. the complexity in opposing The court did not agree. viewpoints, after all, underpins

“

Occupy is NOT about specific policy proposals, those proposals are things that grow out of Occupy.

—“GoodGuyRazhumikhin” commenting on the story “Occupy Duke camps indefinitely, calls for campus dialogue.”

See more at www.dukechronicle.com.

LETTERS POLICY The Chronicle welcomes submissions in the form of letters to the editor or guest columns. Submissions must include the author’s name, signature, department or class, and for purposes of identification, phone number and local address.

Letters should not exceed 325 words; contact the editorial department for information regarding guest columns.

The Chronicle will not publish anonymous or form letters or letters that are promotional in nature. The Chronicle reserves the right to edit letters and guest columns for length, clarity and style and the right to withhold letters based on the discretion of the editorial page editor.

the democratic process. We ringingly affirm these values.

Toleration has a special place in characteristically pluralistic university campuses, and toleration for deeply entrenched character qualities, like race or sexual orientation, rightly trumps the interests of student organizations to preen their membership.

But countervailing arguments quickly eat away at our confidence in this very stringent ruling. Imagine the polemical atheist who joins a religious group. Obnoxious opposition from this dissident could quickly undermine the group’s aims, and respecting his presence seems to fall beyond the pall of tolerance.

There is value in a group’s ability to coalesce around shared beliefs, and this value

can find expression along side the stringent guidelines advocated by the Supreme Court.

In subordinating the rights of student groups to a broader respect for difference, we can find ways to realize both values. Charles Haynes, a senior scholar at Vanderbilt’s First Amendment Center, has proposed that student groups be allowed to restrict group leadership on the basis of student’s expressed beliefs: An advocate for gay rights could not become the president of the Christian Legal Society.

Even this policy seems too exclusive, and we doubt that it has any teeth—raving dissidents are unlikely to be elected leaders in the first place.

But Haynes is right to seek compromise. Perhaps the best

way to compromise is not to force groups to take all comers, but to allow groups to discharge members whose undue rabble-rousing disrupts the group’s mission. This gets slippery quickly: We expect the objection that the presence of atheist members disturbs the core mission of Christian groups. As with much, prudence must play a large role in deciding these cases.

Duke is not insusceptible to the reverberations of Hastings College of Law v. Martinez. All Duke Student Government chartered groups are required to publish a nondiscrimination clause in their constitutions, and given recent occurrences at other universities, it would be apt for DSG to carefully review their policies before trouble stirs.

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democratic government derives its Capitalism places the power of choice in the just power from the people, but cor- hands of the consumer, who collectively choose porations do not seek consent to ex- which companies will succeed. tract wealth from the people and Undoubtedly the following the earth; no true democracy is counterpoint will be raised: “Peoattainable when the process is ple are so dependent on compadetermined by economic power.” nies for basic necessities that they —Occupy Duke have no choice but to participate As the Occupy movement in the capitalist system.” It is true spreads across the country, numthat the alternative to a marketbers of Americans have left their based economy isn’t pretty; one schools, jobs and parent’s homes practically have to revert william reach would to participate in one of the great to subsistence farming to escape head-to-head U.S. democratic traditions: pubthe reach of the marketplace. republican lic demonstration. Whether this But, I would remind critics of our movement is merely a flash in the economic system that the marketpan or will grow into a political place emerged as an alternative to force with which to be reckoned remains to be the former lifestyle. seen. Currently, the movement lacks a clear foIt is important to remember that many of cus other than presenting a criticism of capital today’s economic challenges stem from the undisparity among the American people. It en- certainty surrounding sovereign nation’s debt compasses a number of movements and organi- problems. Countries like Greece, Italy and zations, including organized labor, environmen- Spain have spent without restraint over the past tal groups and advocates for progressive taxes. half-century, accumulating massive amounts of Lack of clarity among the protestors’ goals pro- debt. The question whether or not these nations hibits fruitful discussion about the impact it will will be able to honor their commitments hangs have on American politics. If in the future the like a specter over the global marketplace. Until protesters present a cohesive and organized these nations satisfactorily resolve their debt ismessage, we will be able to better analyze how sues and make substantial progress towards paythe movement may impact American politics. ing them down, I suspect the future of the world But for the moment I would like to exam- economy will remain in limbo. ine Occupy Duke. This past week I had the opFurthermore, it is worth noting that a “true portunity to chat with several participants on democracy,” one where every citizen has an the main quad, inquire as to their motivation equal and distinct right to speak in the general and purpose and listen to their arguments. I assembly, is impossible in a nation of over 300 found a spirited group of individuals, both ap- million people. The system we have safeguards proachable and passionate about discussing the rights of the individual while allowing his the reasons behind their cause and willing to or her voice to be expressed through his electmake sacrifices to achieve it. We found common ed official. I would also urge the Occupy Duke ground in issues like controlling excessive lob- movement to moderate their rhetoric and not bying, raising the standard of living and foster- call for a continuation of the “American Revoluing civic responsibility. More often we disagreed tion,” as stated on their Facebook page. on how to solve the problems currently facing Occupy Duke has every right to protest the the American public than why these problems economic condition of the nation, but I doubt needed to be solved. whether their denouncement of the free marBut today I would like to issue the following ketplace will accomplish much. Robbing sechallenge to the mission statement of the Oc- lected Peter to pay collective Paul is not only cupy Duke movement, printed above. Alleging morally wrong, but it shifts blame away from the that businesses “extract” wealth without the real culprit behind our poor economy: governpeople’s consent shows a gross misunderstand- ment overspending. Only by addressing fiscal ing of our economic system. Participation in the irresponsibility on a national level will we be capitalist system is entirely optional. I can’t say able to restore the American Dream to its true I’ve ever seen a college student forced to buy a potential.

MacBook or an iPhone. Every transaction with a small business or corporation is mutually benWilliam Reach is a Trinity junior and the presieficial: the business provides a product that the dent of Duke College Republicans. His column runs consumer can purchase if he or she wants to. every other Tuesday.

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commentaries

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2011 | 15

Why Duke should be occupied

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ccupy Duke has the capacity to provide something of incalculable value to the Occupy Movement. Negative ad hominem attacks launched on Occupiers have tended to assume that the only people dissatisfied with what passes as a fair economy in our country must be lazy, unemployed and have unclean hair. Typically speaking, Duke students are not lazy, and almost all of us have very clean hair.

We have the whole world in front of us, and our privilege gives us a measure of insulation from needing to elena botella care about the political process. We head-to-head can enter the economic world passively, choosing from a list of well-defined democrat pre-professional options. We cannot think, not vote, not imagine how society could be better. We can make a lot of money and spend a lot of money, and have children that we’ll read to and send to good schools and give all the tools they’ll need to achieve the same set of things one day. We can assume that the free market will solve everything for us, ignoring the complete absence of what might pass as equality of opportunity. We can think it’s acceptable that students at highpoverty high schools are 1.7 times as likely to have classes taught by out-of-field teachers than students at low-poverty schools, because we for the most part weren’t the kids at high poverty schools, nor will our children be. We won’t live or internalize the fact that even before the recession hit that almost one out of every four children in our country was food insecure.

We can assume that Duke alum John Mack bringing home over $41 million in a year results from the system “working,” accepting it as truth that what he “contributes” to our country might indeed be 1,000 times as valuable as what a high school teacher contributes to society.

Or, we might at least ponder the possibility that there might be some market imperfections, like rent-seeking behavior or externalized costs, that have led the market to be mistaken in its conclusion that John Mack alone adds as much value to the United States economy as all of the teachers in Durham Public Schools combined.

Who decides that Wall Street is the best place for their skills, and who chooses a career as a scientist, an entrepreneur, a teacher or a public servant? For those who choose fields, that, at least from the outside, appear appealing mostly for the money (I have yet to meet individuals who seem enthralled by the idea of making Excel spreadsheet and PowerPoints for 80 hours a week, which is not to say that those people don’t exist), what exactly about the money makes it attractive above all else? Do they want to spend it on particular material goods, or does their desire stem from a recognition that money is also a source of power over the entirety of the democratic experiment? When they leave Duke and have their money, do they come to feel like they have a god-given right to all of it, or do they recognize the role that luck and world-class opportunities have had in putting them behind a prop trading desk at Morgan Stanley?

That Occupy Duke has taken a largely discussion-oriented approach is sensible. A fascination with ideas can, if given the chance, become the tie that links our community together. I’m not implying causation in either direction, but anybody paying attention to campus has probably observed with curiosity the fact that a belief that social life should be organized around ragers and mixers frequently co-occurs with an admiration for the Wall Street ethos; Occupy Duke is right to think that reimagining how students interact interpersonally is a related question to how we should interact when bound by political superstructures.

If Occupy Duke, though, wants to extend its influence beyond its encampment, and advance the goals of the Occupy Wall Street movement at large, it should leverage its unique position. I’m in a financial risk management class in the Economics Department (a class that, to me, clearly indicates how smart regulations could have prevented a lot of problems, but that’s besides the point), and on the first day of class, the professor asked each student what they had done over the summer; 35 of the 40 worked on Wall Street or in banking. Instead of speculating from the outside about the nature of Wall Street and bankers, Occupy Duke can actually ask questions of its classmates who participate in the Duke-Wall-Street-feeder-machine and share the results with the movement at large. Many of us will be in the “1 percent” and Duke as an institution can create a socially responsible “elite.” Duke is a place where students inspired

by Marx and those inspired by Rand meaningfully co-exist; by using this diversity to its advantage, Occupy Duke can contribute ideas and messages to the larger movement, helping Occupy Wall Street achieve its goals of economic justice and a social-economic-political system where all hardworking Americans can live with dignity.

Elena Botella is a Trinity junior and the co-president of Duke Democrats.

Her column runs every other Tuesday.

An “Abrahamic” cry to our leaders in DC

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he human condition is a precarious one; we crime against God. cannot separate ourselves from the others Isaiah chapter 58 gets to the heart of it all: “When who are suffering. All of us are vulnerable, thou seest the naked, that thou cover him, and that and in these particularly vulnerable thou hide not thyself from thine own times, we have to be counted upon flesh.” This is the new insight that true to do more to alleviate suffering in monotheism brings about: The poor the world. I and several other clergy man is your own flesh. within the Abrahamic traditions are Thus it is only through Justice troubled by the recent talks in D.C. and Righteousness that God is propabout our foreign aid and wrote the erly served. The Qur’an is clear: “O following: you who believe, stand up firmly for With all the chatter about religion as witnesses to Almighty God” abdullah antepli justice these days, too often the faith-based im(al-Nisa - 4:135), and Jesus gives the perative—to help those in need—has the land of delights “commandment, that you love one been missing from the conversation. another as I have loved you” (John and wonders That includes, unfortunately, some dis15:12). cussions on Capitol Hill around fundSo how can we possibly properly ing for development assistance. As a country founded love and serve God when 4,500 of our world’s chilon religious freedom and equality, we must remember dren die every single day from the lack of clean water, what the faiths actually call on us to do for people in when our girls are relegated to the cycle of poverty need. because they are denied education, when the lack of The ancient rabbinic text, the Mishnah, states, “A sanitation contributes to 50 percent of all child malsingle man was created in the world, to teach that if nutrition, when life-saving drugs are denied our imany man has caused a single soul to perish, scripture poverished fellow world citizens? We are not embodyimputes it to him as if he had caused a whole world to ing the historic goal represented by Messianism and perish, and if any man saves alive a single soul, scrip- its corresponding idea that humanity as an ideal to ture imputes it to him as if he had saved alive a whole be achieved—to embody God’s attributes of compasworld.” Similarly in the Quran, “the destruction of sion graciousness, patience, steadfast love and truth one innocent life is like the destruction of the whole (Exodus 34:6). of humanity and the saving of one life is like the saving To the members of Congress, we know you underof the whole of humanity” (Al-Ma’idah 5:32). Matthew stand that there remains a humanity to be achieved, 25 famously states, “As you did it to the least of these and the U.S. government and the American people my brothers and sisters, you did it to me.” play a critical global role in achieving that humanity.

Equality has special meaning in the Abrahamic Reducing suffering and improving lives in the world’s faiths. poorest communities has represented, since World Equality is something positive, and it refers to those War II, the finest facet of American foreign policy and who are weaker than oneself—i.e. the poor, the strang- a true measure of American public compassion. er, the widow, orphan and the slave. Equality means Our development assistance programs around the raising those who are vulnerable to the status of those world also help others understand the humanitarian who are secure. Thus, the Biblical legislation man- and compassionate sides of the U.S. government and dates that there be one law for the home born and the American people. It is important to remember that stranger (Exodus 12:49).

U.S. foreign aid is only 1 percent of the federal budThese laws and teachings spell out the rights of the get, but that 1 percent cost-effectively helps millions poor, the orphan, the widow and the stranger, who around the world, including us. Every U.S. dollar inshare a common bond. All of them lack a protector vested in safe drinking water and sanitation, for exthat can stand up for them. They do not have a next of ample, sees a return of $8 in increased productivity— kin to intercede for them, and therefore the law inter- due in part to lower rates of disease and a healthier venes as the next of kin. And the guarantee is God. workforce. Small economic investments like these Amos takes it further. He is the first prophet to exponentially benefit today’s closely linked global claim that social injustice will bring about not indi- economy. vidual punishment, but national ruination. This is a The single most important argument for aiding revolutionary idea—that the value and destiny of the others in greater need than ourselves is the religious nation is dependent upon how it treats its most vulner- argument. And the task is to legislate it so that it can able members. No longer was it enough to engage in become a reality not just in Word but in deed. sacrifice to be right with God; and no longer was sin to be meted out only to the individual. Amos is the first Abdullah Antepli is the Muslim Chaplain and an adof a line of prophets who view the exploitation of the junct faculty of Islamic Studies. His column runs every poor and destitute as a crime equivalent to idolatry... a other Tuesday.

16 | TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2011

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