October 8 2013

University

Health and Science

JAY BILAS TALKS SPORTS, MONEY

ANIMAL RESEARCH GIVES INSIGHT TO HUMAN ANATOMY

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T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

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Employers Med. students fear potential budget cut request grad test results

by Tony Shan THE CHRONICLE

by Elizabeth Djinis THE CHRONICLE

A new test examining college students’ critical thinking skills upon graduation may impact the way employers and post-graduate institutions view higher education.

Created ten years ago by the Council for Aid to Education, the Collegiate Learning Assessment aims to investigate students’ demonstration of core learning skills. The test was founded with the intention of aiding both institutions and employers by allowing universities to compare their students’ scores with that of students at their peer institutions, while also grading students on an individual basis.

Although the University does not currently use the test as an indicator of student performance, it is something being considered, especially within individual departments, said Stephen Nowicki, dean of undergraduate education.

But Nowicki noted that universities such as Duke offer such a broad spectrum of individualized education for each student that a blanket test may over-generalize a diverse student population.

“I would be doubtful that Duke would choose a general measure of our educational accomplishments,” Nowicki said. “The kind of education institutions like Duke provides needs to be tailored to individual students.”

He added that, although the test evaluates the impact of college on student intelligence levels, students at the University already come in with very high cognitive abilities, making it harder for Duke to cause a large improvement in their intellect.

But some employers are beginning to ask for an alternate form of student assessment aside from grades, said Chris Jackson, director of partner and business development at the Council for Aid to Education. He noted See ADMISSIONS, page 6

PHOTO ILLUSTRATION BY THU NGUYEN/THE CHRONICLE

The graphic above illustrates the effects of a potential $11 billion budget cut to GME.

A nationwide $11 billion dollar budget cut to graduate medical education, if passed, may hurt Duke’s residency program in the future.

The 2014 budget proposal, which will cut funding to train medical residents over the next 10 years, will not only decrease the capacity of residency programs, but might also limit the ability of teaching hospitals to provide residency care for certain patients, said Victor Dzau, chancellor for health affairs and president and CEO of the Duke University Health System. If passed, $780 million will be cut in the year 2014 alone.

To show their protest to the cuts, several Duke medical students met with Rep. David Price (D-N.C.) to bring the potential impact of the cuts to his attention.

“These cuts could decrease the already limited residency training spots available for U.S. medical graduates and prevent the expansion of the physician workforce to meet the growing patient demand,” said Benjamin Streufert, a third-year medical student and president of the Duke School of Medicine American Medical Association and a member of the North Carolina Medical Association Student Chapter.

Physician shortages of up to 130,000 are expected by 2025, Streufert noted, while 30 See CUTS, page 6

Students criticize recent parking changes

by Ben Libman THE CHRONICLE

Recently, the reduction in parking space at Duke has led to an equal reduction in patience among students.

Duke administration has tightened the availability of parking spots for students in order to accommodate crowds at sporting events and concerts, a move that has left students feeling marginalized. Parking changes made over the summer include the movement of freshman parking from East Campus to Smith Warehouse, the creation of a commuter parking zone and the further distanc-

ing of upperclassmen from their parked cars in the Blue Zone.

Many of the students on campus have been affected by the recent changes. Sophomore James Sawyer, for one, said the new parking regulations marginalize students.

“They say that, due to the construction on campus, space needed to be made for commuters in the Blue Zone,” Sawyer said. “This effectively pushes [the upperclassmen] further into the back corner of the Blue Zone and further away from our dorms.”

At Duke, the commuters are those students who do not live on campus, and must

therefore commute to and from campus each day.

Sam Veraldi, director of parking and transportation, said that sports field construction on Bassett Drive and renovations to Gross Hall led to a reduction in parking space used by faculty and graduate students, prompting Duke to find space for them elsewhere, such as the Blue Zone.

“The idea was to put commuter graduate students closer to the stadiums so that they See PARKING, page 6

2 | TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2013

Duke researchers analyze location’s influence on bird song

by Shenen Ganapathee THE CHRONICLE

Just as the human pattern of speech is dependent on geographic location, birds’ songs evolve depending isepending on the is land they colonize.

“The Progressive Loss of Syn Syntactical y tactical Structure in Bird Song ng along aan n Island Colonization Chain”—a —a studyy le lled d by postdoctoral associate te Robertt Lachlan—analyzed the loss off syntax amongst colonizingg chaff chaffinches ffin inches er away from as they moved further their island of origin. n. The findings were published d in the journal, Current Biology, ogy, yesterday.

Each time chaffinches ches and, colonized a new island, they lost some of their distinctive inctive syntactical syntacc tii cal sy structure, Lachlan found.

“In mainland Europe, chaffinch songs are very distinctive because of the order of their syllables—certain types of syllables, for example, only occur at the end of the song,” Lachlan wrote in an email Oct. 3. “By Gran Canaria, however, any syllable could occur anywhere within the song.”

Although the researchers do not have one clear favored explanation for this pattern, the results show that song is not evolving in a random pattern in these populations, Lachlan noted.

The research was motivated by an interest in the evolution of cultural behavior like bird song, he added.

“We still do not have a complete idea of how culture and genes interact in evolution, and, in my opinion bird song provides a great model system for rectifying this,” Lachlan said. “There are thousands of species of birds that learn their songs and we have growing evidence from a range of sources that, underlying this learning, many genes are involved too.”

The discovery is significant because it broadens the field’s understanding of the evolution of animal “language,” said Steve Nowicki, dean and vice provost of undergraduate education and professor

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of biology. The findings, however, can also be related to man’s cultural evolution. “[Our] own language also is subject evolution of course and this to cultural evolu work m may also eventually provide v de insight into how huvi man speech dialects change time,” Nowicki wrote in an over tim email Oc Oct. 2.

Lachlan n noted that syntactical structure iin bird song could have a genetic b basis, and the observations he made mad could have been the result of “evol “evolution in genetic predispositions learning.” He addpo ositi t ons underlying under ed would be needed e that more evidence evid to support this th theory though. [ “We are still [hoping] to prove conclusively that syntax in chaffinch songs syn has a genetic basis,” he said. “We hope that future work will examine this more directly.”

Lachlan developed a computer software that enabled him to analyze bird song from 12 populations that he and his colleagues had collected—beginning in 1998 on a number of islands, some of which were very remote.

Carel ten Cate, a co-author of the study, said that Lachlan collected the data a few years ago but needed to develop an entirely new method to analyze the categories of which the songs are constructed and the way the different elements are used to compose song.

Nowicki noted the completeness of Lachlan’s analysis and the surprising conclusion. “[This] work represents the most detailed analysis of the cultural evolution of an animal signal done to date,” he said.

“The work reveals a pattern of loss that runs contrary to what one might expect from a functional point of view. Instead of finding increasing complexity with an increased number of species, which is predicted if recognizing the correct species is a driver, Lachlan found that with each subsequent colonization event, complexity was lost,” Nowicki wrote.

DUSDAC looks to draw students to Penn Pavilion

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Part of DUSDAC’s marketing efforts include signs and banners to advertise special events.

by Molly Gendell THE CHRONICLE

Duke Dining plans to increase its marketing initiatives, extending its push to make the Penn Pavilion a dining staple on campus.

The Duke Student Dining Advisory Committee meeting on Monday focused on how to improve Duke Dining’s marketing efforts in order to reach a wider audience. Currently, Duke Dining is working to increase its social media presence and gain more Twitter followers and Facebook likes.

The administrators asked DUSDAC members for suggestions about Duke Dining’s oncampus presence. Recommendations included more in-person communication, reaching out to resident assistants, providing free food at events and collaborating with Red Mango to announce flavors of the day on the Duke Dining Twitter account.

Senior Chris Taylor, co-chair of DUSDAC, also suggested that social media posts could include special promotions such as a “Lunch Deal of the Day” or “Vegetarian Meal of the Day,” to gain online followers.

In addition, Duke Dining is now using physical signs and banners to advertise special events, reaching out to East and West Campus

residential staff and hiring a student employee to distribute fliers, among other efforts.

The main focus of the marketing efforts is drawing attention to the Penn Pavilion, Marketing Manager Kirsten Marinko said.

Some students still do not know that the Pavilion is open, Assistant Director for Dining Barbara Stokes said.

“We’re doing a lot, but it seems it’s not enough,” Marinko said.

The committee is also planning for the closing of one of the plaza entrances later this fall. DUSDAC plans to give away t-shirts and coupons to attract more people to the Penn Pavilion.

Food Factory, which started serving breakfast two weeks ago, has seen an increased number of patrons, Stokes said. “[Food Factory’s] getting busier every day,” she said. “It looks like it’s around for a while if business stays where it is.”

At the meeting, Director of Dining Services Robert Coffey announced that website “The Daily Meal” ranked Duke No. 26 out of 2,000 colleges in a list of the best college dining See DUSDAC, page 6

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Jay Bilas argues for colleges to pay student athletes After years of collegiate athletes not receiving compensation, Jay Bilas—a college basketball analyst for ESPN—is making a case for paying the players.

Bilas, Trinity ‘86 and Law ‘92, advocated that student athletes should receive compensation because sports enterprises and universities get benefits from athletes’ efforts. The panel, which was led by professor of law Paul Haagen, discussed the amateurism model at the School of Law Monday.

“The problem I am trying to solve is one of fundamental fairness,” Bilas said during the panel discussion. “[NCAA is] running a professional sports organization and I don’t think AUSTEN PEER/THE CHRONICLE it’s fair that only one class of people is restricted to their expenses only and nothing more.” Jay Bilas said it was “unfair” to not pay college athletes at a panel discussion Monday.

Bilas was a four-year starter on the men’s basketball team as an undergraduate and helped lead the team to the National Championship game in 1986. He was selected in the fifth round of the 1986 NBA Draft by the Dallas Mavericks and has played professionally for teams in Italy and Spain.

Amateur athletes at one point received pay for their performance, but the current amateurism model of the NCAA strictly forbids student athletes from receiving a salary for participating in college sports, Haagen said.

“The definition of amateurism under NCAA is essentially somebody who gets paid only as much as what NCAA says they should be paid,” he said.

Bilas said it is unjust that other agents of the sports enterprise are getting benefits from athletes’ burdens and sacrifices without giving AUSTEN PEER/THE CHRONICLE them equitable compensation.

Bilas was a former Duke basketball player and helped lead the team to the National Championship “It’s not just the jerseys, but the players have game in 1986.

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value in every t-shirt, every banner and everything that is sold in the industry,” Bilas said.

“It’s unfair that the players are not allowed to realize that value.”

In addition to generating large revenues for the NCAA and its member institutions, college athletics also play a part in college ranking, Bilas added.

“A lot of schools use athletics for institutional advancement and yet they are implying that scholarship is pay and that is enough,” he said.

If student athletes received pay, it would not diminish the educational experience of their peers, Bilas said.

He added that collegiate athletics should be treated the same way as any other industry in the free market, and compensation for student athletes should be determined by market demand. Colleges could consider spending less money on the facilities that they use to attract student athletes and instead use that money to pay them, he said.

“If it’s free market for everybody else but not for the players, then we’ve got a problem,” Bilas said.

Mesha Sloss, a first-year law student, said she disagreed with the view that college athletes should be paid as it would be difficult to regulate how much athletes receive.

“I don’t think it changed my position on the issue, but it’s definitely good to hear the other side of the story and it makes you more aware,” Sloss said.

Gilad Berkowitz, a second-year law student, commended Bilas for leading the campaign.

“He is leading a well-worthy campaign and he is a great advocate for it,” Berkowitz said.

“He is definitely going to carry weight in moving it forward in the near future.”

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CONSERVATION SCIENTIST AND AUTHOR

ULLAS KARANTH RECOVERING NATURE IN EMERGING INDIA: THE TIGER AS A CASE STUDY LOVE

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Ullas Karanth has worked for more than 27 years to save India’s endangered Bengal tigers from extinction, and has been honored by the Sierra Club, World Wildlife Fund and the President of India for his pioneering work. He is the Wildlife Conservation Society’s director of science for Asia, and founding director of India’s renowned Centre for Wildlife Studies.

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Samara Jinks relays everyday experiences Every week The Chronicle collects premedical students’ most pressing questions and poses them to professionals in the field of medicine. Samara Jinks, a first-year medical student and co-chair of the Duke School of Medicine American Medical Association, about the regular life of medical school students. The Chronicle’s Anne Straneva spoke with Jinks before she went back to hitting the books.

The Chronicle: When do medical students get their first white coat and stethoscope?

Samara Jinks: We get them in two parts. The white coats themselves we get officially at the “White Coat Ceremony.”

Although some schools do it differently, at the beginning of the year, before classes start even, your family is invited to a private function where the students present their oath. It’s similar to giving a speech at school. The entire class is divided into four groups, each groups writes their own oath, and then we deliver our oaths to our parents. We are given some leniency when drafting the oath itself.

Regarding the stethoscope they leave it up to when we need them. Our advisors will just tell us when you need them by and our class does a bulk order. We arrange it ourselves, but some people actually already have one. A couple of my classmates have one’s passed down to them from either physicians they know, formal employers or family members.

TC: How did you feel when you first

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put on that white coat?

SJ: The coast itself is light, but it comes with a heavy burden. When you walk into a room with the white coat, people are immediately looking at you as in a position of authority. People are then apt to tell you things that they wouldn’t even tell their own mothers. I think when you first get it there is this initial mixture of excitement and responsibility.

TC: Do any professors or doctors have a signature piece of clothing that they like to wear during an operation, like a lucky bandanna or something?

SJ: Well I am reminded the episode of “Scrubs” where Turk has a “Hot Sauce” Bandana. As far as I know, I haven’t met anyone thus far, that’s not to say that there aren’t any who wear anything special or have any good luck charms. One of my classmates has a stethoscope that was passed down from his grandmother who was a physician. So maybe familyowned stethoscopes for some people, but I’m not sure about articles of clothing.

TC: What’s your favorite spot to eat at near the medical school?

SJ: Chick-fil-a hands down. I’m from Atlanta so Chick-fil-a is a staple. Coming from Washington D.C. where they were few and far between, the Chick-fil-a in the food court was a welcome surprise.

They had it in they food court in my high school back home. We had chicken and biscuits every morning because it

was great and cheap.

TC: Would you ever wear your scrubs outside of the hospital to, say, the grocery store or to a party?

SJ: I don’t know about a party, I feel like that would be a bit obnoxious. Most of my friends are medical students so it wouldn’t be that impressive to walk up in your scrubs. As far as wearing them outside the hospital, so far the only time we really wear our scrubs is when we have anatomy labs, so if you see me in my scrubs you might want to keep your distance because it means I probably haven’t showered and probably smell like formaldehyde. For the general public, it’s probably good that we change out of our scrubs because formaldehyde has a habit to stick to your hair. If you are a girl with long hair, your going to want to shower and get out of your scrubs as soon as you can.

TC: Is there anything that is unique about Duke’s medical school?

SJ: Something that I thought was great about Duke was the budgeted candy supply that is in the administrative budget for the Medical School. This allows the mass consumption of candy that the admission and dean’s office provides for us. When you go into the admission office there is an M&M’s machine that dispenses candy when you stick your hand under it. If you are about to go to lecture, people will pop M&Ms on the way to class. One of the advisory deans is a pediatrician and he probably has the best candy.

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Animal Locomotion Lab Purdue Pharma to invest researches human anatomy $59 million in Durham plant

by Nisarg Dabhi THE CHRONICLE

The Animal Locomotion Lab is examining the evolutionary development and mechanics of motion in animals and humans.

Established in the late 1990s by Daniel Schmitt, professor of evolutionary anthropology, and Pierre Lemelin, a research associate, the lab initially sought to investigate the evolutionary development and function of walking in the human phylogenetic order. Since then, however, the lab has expanded to include research in animal and human bone models, joint disease and functional anatomy. The lab currently conducts experiments with a variety of animals, including tigers, lions, chimpanzees, lemurs and mice. All of the animals studied by the lab come from facilities centered on animal-research and conservation.

“We’re mainly primate people,” Schmitt said. “We study mainly pattern and movement.”

But the lab does not focus exclusively on animals, Schmitt said. It also does extensive research with humans. He cited a current study being done by the lab, which scrutinizes the basic motion of humans when they step off curbs and sidewalks.

Schmitt noted that these studies often test specific sub-groups of humans, such as athletes or people suffering from musculoskeletal disorders.

Michael Granatosky, a student in the Graduate School and researcher at the Animal Locomotion Lab, noted other human studies conducted there.

“We conduct experiments on the running biomechanics of humans and research how osteoarthritis and obesity affect locomotion,” he said.

Laura Johnson, Graduate School ‘14 and former student researcher in the lab, noted that though she never had the chance to experiment with humans while at the lab, she had some of her most memorable experiences working with animals.

“For my Ph.D. I worked with 8 species of [primates] from the Duke Lemur Center,” Johnson wrote in an email Monday. “My specific Ph.D. research probably

could not have been completed anywhere else [because] it is very difficult to get [that many] primates.”

Johnson noted that her connection with Schmitt was instrumental in bringing her to the University’s graduate program, and this connection flowed into the lab atmosphere as well.

“I loved the intellectual conversations that would happen in the lab,” Johnson said. “To have that many great brains working on a problem was a fun dynamic to be a part of.”

Johnson said despite the lab’s stimulating scholarly environment, the lab has its lighter moments, too.

“The frequency with which Dr. Schmitt would get distracted by almost anything always brought a laugh and lightened the spirit of the lab,” she said.

Granatosky said while he conducted research at the lab he also got to work closely with the Duke Lemur Center.

“To just to go out [to the Duke Lemur Center] and see these animals move freely is a once in a lifetime experience that you can’t get anywhere else,” he said.

Schmitt too said his work with animals has not been uneventful. He mentioned a particular moment when a tiger almost peed on him during an experiment.

At the moment, the lab is conducting multiple studies, Schmitt said. One animal study examines the development of foot patterns in chimpanzees, and another looks at how animals primarily situated in tree canopies move around and swing without falling and pitching out of trees.

Schmitt added that the lab is not exclusive to graduate students and offers many opportunities for undergraduates interested in getting involved.

“One of the wonderful things about this lab is that any undergraduate can do this work,” Schmitt said. “It is high level mechanical things but the work itself is straight forward.”

He noted that undergraduates can participate in their projects from beginning to end, enabling them to do their own work and add their findings to the lab’s repertoire.

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Purdue Pharma is investing $59 million to build a plant in Durham.

A pharmaceutical company specializing in pain medication, Purdue Pharma is based in Stamford, Connecticut and has another North Carolina location in Wilson. The company decided to bring a plant to Durham because of its position in the Research Triangle and proximity to major research universities, said James Heins, senior director of public affairs at Purdue Pharma.

“Durham is an ideal location on for a pharmaceutical company pany because the region offers rs a strong base of technical talentt and is situated close to four of the state’s major universities,” Heins ns wrote in an email Friday.

Ted Conner, vice president of economic mic development and commmunity sustainability at the Greater Durham m Chamber of Commerce,, noted that Durham’s ateutical traction for pharmaceutical companies goes beyond just the available work force. “[Pharmaceutical companies] come here because of the talent that we have got here and the quality of life that we have got here,” Conner said.

Although Purdue Pharma is certain of its plans to move into Durham, construction has not yet begun, Heins added.

“We haven’t even broken ground,” he said.

After the plant is built and established in the city, Heins said the company has plans to reach out to the Durham community.

Conner noted that, in the past, companies coming to Durham have gotten involved in the city through community service but Purdue Pharma may find its own role in the community.

“It’s not like there’s a prescriptive way,” Conner said. “Each company gets involved in its own way.”

Currently, Purdue Pharma is involved in a variety of charitable organizations such as United Way, American Cancer Society, and the Wilson Education Partnership.

Durham resident Carol Woods, however, expressed skepticism about the extent of Purdue Pharma’s philanthropic motivations, but said that the company will likely create jobs.

“That’s a big ‘if’ to o trust them just because theyy said [they w would help peo, Woods said. “It could co ple],” be a good thing for people.”

Conner noted that Duke’s presence plays a role in creating the increatin tellect tellectual atmoof ssphere sp h the area.

“Duke sets a “Duk for the tenor fo community with its educational educa prowess,” Conner Co said said.

The Th University’s focus on resear without commercial benefits research can actually be discouraging to companies with commercial interests, Conner said. He added that Purdue Pharma’s presence will affect both Duke and Durham.

“Many times, when something happens in a community, it has a ripple effect,” Conner said.

Read Grad School coverage tomorrow

CUTS

from page 1

million new patients will be seeking expanded access to health care under the Affordable Care Act. Current levels of funding for residency programs, however, are not expected to keep pace with that growth.

Traditionally, residency funds are distributed in many ways. Some money goes directly to paying residents’ salaries, but a good amount goes to supporting the infrastructure—the equipment, teaching physicians and supervising personnel—necessary to maintaining a working residency program, Dzau noted.

Cuts to graduate medical education funding will also hurt teaching hospitals like Duke that train residents, said Samara Jinks, a firstyear medical student and co-chair of the AMA for the class of 2017.

“Many elderly, uninsured or HIV patients can get treatment at teaching hospitals because they offer disproportionately large amounts of residency care,” Jinks said.

Dzau said that the cuts could threaten Duke’s core mission of teaching, research and clinical care.

“All the pipeline of the next generation of physicians and physician leaders are through the GME program,” he said. “Medical education is an education, so that has to be brought about in the context of a teaching environment and the technology and infrastructure to support that environment.”

On Sept. 24, 22 students from the School of Medicine, most from the class of 2017, sat down with Price as part of a campaign to protect federal funding for graduate medical education.

Although students had already known about the budget proposal much earlier in the year, they waited until now to take action, Jinks noted.

“The national chapter [of the AMA] wanted to make it a concerted effort, set up to be a flood, not a trickle,” she said.

According to Streufert, Price expressed concern about the cuts and their consequences not only for future residents whose jobs are at stake, but also for the patients that need access to the unique care teaching hospitals provide.

Although he was supportive of the students’ efforts to preserve GME funding, Price is keenly aware of the restrictive fiscal climate facing the nation, Streufert said.

Jinks noted that it was ironic that the cuts

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6 | TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2013

were proposed just after an effort to solve the physician shortage encouraged medical schools to open their doors to more students.

“Our class is the largest class ever in the history of Duke Medicine—we have 113 students,” Jinks said. “The Fed pushed schools to increase their class sizes but now they’re shrinking the residency program, essentially telling people to train for no job. That’s where the bottleneck happens.”

Dzau said, however, that the medical school looks at undergraduate, graduate and residency education as a continuum, not as individual blocks.

“We are always looking at our class sizes in relation to the capacity of our residency programs to make sure that the pipeline makes sense and avoids bottlenecks,” he said.

Dzau also noted that he was more concerned for the long-term, macro effects of the cuts, adding that the cuts will bring into question the changing roles and need for physicians versus nurse practitioners and physician assistants as reflected in the needs of society.

“The real issue is how will this affect the country’s ability to be a leader in health care and research,” Dzau said.

Regarding the immediate effect of the cuts, however, Dzau said that not much could be done by the school in the way of changing government policies that recur from time to time.

“Duke will always be committed to excellence in GME funding as we have over the years. We have a GME fund set up and will use that,” he said. “The government cut will surely affect us, but it is something we cannot predict and something that will have an impact on Duke and all teaching hospitals across the nation.”

PARKING

from page 1

would have better access on a day-to-day basis, since they were coming more frequently to and from campus than resident students,” Veraldi said.

On top of the limited Blue Zone space for undergraduates, students who park there are required to remove their cars to make room for athletic event parking.

For Sawyer, this means that students pay for a Duke parking permit, on top of tuition and housing fees, and then are inconveniently moved around for the sake of Duke’s non-student football fans.

“The most annoying thing about the Blue Zone by far is that the athletics department gets preference, so if there is a football game, they’ll kick out all the students,” Sawyer said.

“If you don’t move your car on game day, you’ll get towed for a fee of about $150.”

On East Campus, student parking has also been moved to make way for event crowds—in this case, people attending performances at the newly renovated Baldwin Auditorium.

“In order to accommodate Baldwin Auditorium so that it has transient parking and so that it has successful attendance for the events held there, we need to have a place for them to have accessible parking for those who are attending these events,” Veraldi said. “In doing so, the option that became most available to us was to move the freshmen, who use residential parking, in that they are not commuting to and from campus frequently.”

He added that freshmen were moved to the next most convenient place to park near East Campus—the Smith Warehouse.

Freshman Krista Kowalczyk noted, however, that the East Campus parking plan falls short of being convenient. Although Veraldi mentioned that security has been increased for the freshmen parking at Smith, Kowalczyk says that she feels unsafe walking back to the dorm at night from the parking lot.

“I usually have to find someone to walk with me and it’s a huge hassle,” she said.

These recent Duke parking changes seem to be motivated by revenue rather than student welfare, Sawyer said. The revenue is generated not only from athletic ticket sales on West, but also from concert ticket sales at Baldwin on East.

“Revenue for the games is being prioritized over the students of the University,” Sawyer said.

Veraldi stressed, though, that Duke is not making these adjustments out of self-interest, but because the students also want Duke’s teams and spirit to grow.

He also pointed out that the parking changes are a reflection of growing interest in the Duke football program. As more fans want to attend games, the University has to change to accommodate that. For instance, Veraldi added, when Duke hosted Alabama a few years ago, the stadium held 42,000 spectators rather than the usual 25,000.

“We would all—the fans, coaches and players—be extremely excited if our athletic staff succeeded in increasing attendance at our games,” he said. “This is not a revenue trad-

eoff. We’re working in an old campus, toward a new model in order to improve how Duke hosts and runs football and all athletic events.”

DUSDAC

from page 2

services published last month—an improvement to last year’s No. 29.

Coffey credited DUSDAC’s efforts for the higher rankings.

“As we’ve moved up in rankings, it’s due to this right here—the conversations we have,” he said.

ADMISSIONS

from page 1

that grade inflation is common at some universities, leading to many students graduating with a GPA of 3.7 or higher.

“This [test] is based a lot upon the feedback we have gotten from employers,” Jackson said. “The CLA+ score is in no way going to take the place of a job interview, cover letter or LinkedIn profile, but it allows students to show their diverse skills.”

Although some employers may be requesting this test, the University’s Career Center does not currently have any data on the test and has never received requests from employers for scores, said Megan Wilson, program and marketing coordinator for the Career Center.

Nowicki noted that holding institutions accountable for the education they offer is an important idea that is not always common in academia. A test catered to the wide array of students in the United States, however, may not be the best translation of the idea.

“I am a big proponent of assessment—how do we know what we do is effective?” Nowicki said. “But the conceiving of a nationwide test is naïve.”

The far-reaching nature of the test is conducive to its goal of identifying students with unrepresentative grades, Jackson said. Employers often blame universities for new employees’ lack of real-world skills, Jackson said, adding that broader cultural changes may be the real culprit behind poor student performance.

“The concept of critical thinking has changed in the last ten years. It’s not black and white,” Jackson said. “Students may not have these skills to the level that is necessary to immediately contribute to a working environment.”

ASTHMATICS NEEDED FOR TWO-VISIT RESEARCH STUDY Must be a Non-Smoker Qualifications: 18 to 60 years of age History of Asthma Non-smoker Must be on inhaled steroids Must provide your own transportation Description of Research Study: First visit requires a physical exam and pulmonary function test performed at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Clinical Research Uni (CRU).

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For More Information about this Research Study: Please call (919) 541-9899 Principal Investigator: Stavros Garantziotis, MD (919-541-9859) Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Clinical Research Prgoram, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Sciences National Institutes of Health U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

THE BLUE ZONE

Sports The Chronicle

QUICK HITS FROM LUNCH WITH CUT sports.chronicleblogs.com

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2013

www.dukechroniclesports.com

Rethinking Wallace Wade, but not finishing the bowl Among the most ambitious goals laid out in the initial plans for athletic facility renovations in Duke Forward was the completion of the Wallace Wade Stadium’s bowl, increasing seating capacity to “nearly 44,000.”

The reaction of anybody who has been a part of the sparse crowds at Duke games this season or seen them on TV: Huh? But as the athletic department laid out to the Board of Trustees this weekend in a standard quarterly update, the ultimate goal isn’t expanding seating capacity—it’s about improving the fan experience.

“We’re not as dumb as we might look,” said senior associate athletic director Mike Cragg, who is overseeing the Duke Forward’s sports facility renovations. “The complete bowl shape, that has gone by the wayside.”

Instead, Cragg said realistic options for the future may include expanding the concourse with a natural grass slope so that it goes all the way around, a “Wake Forest or Virginia model” that would provide more seating-type options on the hillside for a family-friendly feel.

An average of 22,287 fans attended the first three home games of the season before a season-high crowd of 30,126 showed up for the Troy game on homecoming and employee day. Don’t expect them to beat that number again this season, with those two events on the

Andrew Beaton

TRACY HUANG/CHRONICLE FILE PHOTO

A drop in attendance at Wallace Wade Stadium has prompted Duke’s athletic department to forego its original plan to close the stadium’s bowl. same day being the perfect storm for attendance.

So even if completing the bowl is not feasible at this time, Duke is preparing different renovations so that five years from now, Wallace Wade looks born again from a fan-experience perspective.

“It will be a brand new stadium,” Cragg said. “I’m very confident that if you and

FOOTBALL

I could jump ahead four-and-a-half years from right now, that I think we’d say, ‘Holy smokes this was not the same place we were at five years ago.’”

For Cragg, it’s all a question of supply and demand. Now, there’s no question that supply exceeds demand, and the first phases of the renovations plan to address that, rather than increasing supply.

Primary to the first phases of change will be overhauling the East Gate and overall concourse. After the 2014 season, the press box currently housed in the Finch-Yeager building will come down while a new tower is constructed that will also house suites and premium amenities.

Cragg said adding premium products, which include seating and food, is something they lack now and must address.

“I think it’s proven around the country in different forms that when you build a better venue, that becomes a part of the attraction, and that’s part of the goal, making Wallace Wade part of the attraction,” Cragg said. “It’s not that now, obviously.”

Relocating the Presidents’ box to the new tower while adding those high-end facilities has the greatest potential to change Duke football’s business model, Cragg said.

Importantly, Cragg was also quick to note that even though premium features are a primary goal, so is effectively engaging Duke’s approximately 15,000 students, many of whom do not regularly attend football games.

Part of Cragg’s effort to attract more students is removing the track around the field, which will bring fans closer to the action.

That, along with the overhaul to the concourse around the field, may create a small increase in seating capacity though it won’t be a “giant See WALLACE WADE, page 8

MEN’S SOCCER

Duke set to host UVA

Cashing in Ohio State transfer makes instant impact for Duke

by Zac Elder THE CHRONICLE

Jeremy Cash’s most vivid memory on the field as an Ohio State football player came in the Buckeyes’ 2011 matchup with Michigan. Wolverine wideout Jeremy Gallon fielded a first-quarter kickoff and returned it just short of midfield before Cash JEREMY CASH made the stop.

Redshirt sophomore safety It would be his last tackle in an Ohio State uniform.

“That was Michigan. We played in the Big House,” Cash said. “Running down on kickoff, that was pretty intense. That’s our rivalry school so that was a big game. I was happy to be out there.”

Despite playing in five games as a true freshman for the Buckeyes, Cash’s career in Columbus came to a quick end after the 2011 season.

The NCAA found that Ohio State players had been selling autographs, jerseys and rings for cash and tattoos, and the Buckeyes

immediately felt the wrath of college football’s governing body. Ohio State received a bowl ban for 2012, a reduction in the number of scholarships it could give and one year of probation. In the wake of the scandal, head coach Jim Tressel resigned under pressure from the university’s administration.

With the state of the Buckeyes’ program in jeopardy, Cash began to think about other options for his collegiate career.

“I had a revelation one day and put all my thoughts on paper and tried to think about what I really wanted out of life,” Cash said. “I figured, based on my future, Duke would be a better fit for me.”

Although rumors swirled indicating that Cash might end up at Arkansas or LSU, in the end Tressel himself helped steer the Plantation, Fla., native to Durham. Cash ended up picking Duke instead of Miami and South Florida. “[Duke] is a lot different, be it school size or fan base,” Cash said. “But as far as programs, [Duke and Ohio State] are both pretty good programs with great head coaches.”

See CASH, page 9

by Madeline Carrington THE CHRONICLE

Duke looks to secure its first conference victory against a team it has not defeated since 2009.

After settling for Virginia a scoreless tie against No. 8 North Carolina vs. last Friday, the Blue Duke Devils will take on Virginia Tuesday at 7 p.m. at Koskinen Stadium.

TUESDAY, 7 p.m. m.

(4-4--3, 0-3-2 Duke (4-4-3, Koskinen Stadium dium in the ACC) will be forced to contend ontend with a Virginia (6-3-1, 2-2-1) offense nse has scored 24 goals this season to Duke’s 14. Freshman ody Huitema leads thee Bl Blue Devils forward Brody als, all of which ha have come in the with five goals, team’s last six ix contests.

“We’ve got to just run at them and play really high tempo against Virginia,” Huitema said. “With the attacking we’re really just looking to get the he ball and run, and if we can go o that. If we get th he ball, we’vee forward, do the just got to turn space.” urn and make spac ce. e” The Bluee Devils won’t have aan n easier time on the offensive end when it takes on a Cavalier squad that has posted five

shutouts in its 10 matches this season. Redshirt sophomore goalkeeper Jeff Gal leads the way for Virginia and has allowed just 11 goals on the year.

The Cavaliers have been on a tear recently, posting wins in their last four matches. Virginia has not lost a game since Sept. 13 against Wake Forest.

To crack through the Cavalier defense, the u Devils look to their experience from playBlue ingg the Tar Heels, when Duke d a number had of high-quality scoring chances despite posting just six shots in the match.

“Virginia is another ACC game we have to go out and get a win from, since we haven’t won onee yet,” senior defender o on SSebastien ebastien Ibeagha said.

“It’s pretty similar to the North Carolina game because they’re similar in the way they play—how direct they play, how h w they switch the ball ho See M. SOCCER, page 9

The Chronicle

www.dukechroniclesports.com

8 | TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2013

WALLACE WADE

CHRONICLE GRAPHIC BY THU NGUYEN

Aside from Duke’s homecoming contest against Troy, the team’s attendance figures have been down in every game when compared to last season.

WallaceWadeAttendance • Although the stadium’s official capacity is now listed at 33,941, Wallace Wade Stadium’s single-game attendance record was 57,500 fans for a game against North Carolina on Nov. 19, 1949.

• Wallace Wade ranks 91st in seating capacity among FBS stadiums.

• Of all ACC schools, only Wake Forest’s BB&T Field has a smaller seating capacity at 31,500 fans.

• Wallace Wade Stadium ranks second to last among all schools in BCS

conferences.

• Among mid-major schools with larger stadiums than Duke are Marshall, New Mexico and South Alabama.

from page 7

difference in numbers.” That difference in numbers, though, isn’t the goal. The vision is emulating the intimacy that makes Cameron Indoor Stadium one of the most revered venues in all of sports.

Bringing fans closer to the field is just one of those efforts, even though it may be the most critical one. A new and improved scoreboard, placed properly, could have a huge effect. They are also considering changes to Wallace Wade’s metal bleachers. In 2009, the upstairs seats at Cameron were painted blue, a potential change that may be replicated as soon as next season, if it happens.

They are also studying other aspects of the seating, which if modified could provide a low-cost and high-impact change to the atmosphere and fan experience, Cragg said.

And as they go through the process of hiring architects, meeting with the Bostock Group again in November and putting these plans in to action, it’s important to remember these plans are subject to change.

The important takeaway is that the athletic department gets what’s going on.

They’re not trying to add seating capacity for the sake of doing it. Duke doesn’t

need to have a behemoth of a football stadium that will just feel emptier than it already does. It needs a loud stadium that will support an improving football program, one that head coach David Cutcliffe has transformed from cellar dweller to bowl contender. The department needs better revenue streams from Wallace Wade to support the football program, which in turn powers Duke’s non-revenue sports.

Once those changes are completed five years from now and we’re saying ‘holy smokes,’ then we can start talking about those bigger changes for increasing seating capacity, if that’s needed. Growing a stadium by adding end-zone seats isn’t the solution, and they know that. Those are the cheapest seats in the stadium with the worst view. But what if 20 years from now there’s a demand for more seats, so they add a second level of seats at midfield near the East Gate? Now that would be neat.

The decision makers know change is needed, and they’re not trying to fit a square peg in a round hole.

Wallace Wade may feel like it’s under constant construction starting after next season, but games will not be affected and the right problems have been identified.

“We certainly recognize the same things you see on Saturdays,” Cragg said.

• If Duke’s current attendance average of 24,157 fans were to hold for the rest of the season, 2013 would be the lowest-attended season in head coach David Cutcliffe’s six-year tenure than Durham. It would be the lowest average Duke football attendance since 2007, when Ted Roof led the Blue Devils to a 1-11 season.

CHRONICLE GRAPHIC BY THU NGUYEN

Duke ranks dead last in the ACC in attendance this season and also fills the smallest portion of its stadium capacity.

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The Chronicle

CASH

www.dukechroniclesports.com

from page 7

collegiate football game. After the long road and all the waiting, the Blue Devils’ new strike safety did not disappoint. Cash recorded six tackles, including one tackle for loss, and a pass breakup against the Eagles.

After proving himself to be a reliable presence in the defensive secondary in his first game, Cash continued to establish himself as a force to be reckoned with.

Cash had his breakout performance in week three against Georgia Tech, recording 14 tackles, 1.5 tackles for loss and a forced fumble. Cash added 12 more tackles to his total against Pittsburgh, and then recorded a team-high 14 tackles, and his first career interception Sept. 28 against Troy. His performance against the Trojans earned him ACC Defensive Back of the Week honors.

After the many months of waiting and preparing, going from Columbus to Durham, sitting out a whole year and now starting as a redshirt-sophomore in Jim Knowles’ 4-2-5 system, Cash is already making a name for himself not just in the ACC, but around the country. Cash’s 10.2 tackles per game rank 15th in the nation and third among defensive backs, while his 51 tackles lead the conference.

For both the Blue Devils and for Cash himself, it seems that the transfer from Ohio State has paid off. Even after all the drama surrounding his early college career, Cash remains focused on the only thing that matters.

“There are a lot of distractions at any school you go to, so you just have to be focused on your outcomes and your main goals,” Cash said. “I just go out there every down and try to help my team win.”

The move from Ohio State to Duke wasn’t just about the football program. For Cash, the benefits of a strong academic school also proved to be influential in his decision.

“I felt that football is going to handle itself. If you are good, they will find you,” Cash said. “Education, you can’t beat Duke.

That’s a top-tier school. That’s a change that needed to be made, I felt.”

After just two semesters in Columbus, Cash officially transferred in January of 2012 and made his way to Durham.

With the graduation of standout safety Matt Daniels in 2011, Cutcliffe tried to utilize Cash as soon as possible. After the NCAA initially declared him ineligible for the 2012 season, the Blue Devils appealed, but to no avail. Last August, just days before the opener against Florida International, Cash learned that he would not play football for Duke until 2013.

Instead, Cash spent the 2012 season watching home games from the sidelines and road games from inside Yoh Football Center with injured players and walk-ons, who also did not travel with the team.

Cash could have played in the Belk Bowl in January, since technically the NCAA ruling only benched him for the calendar year of 2012. But he remained on the sidelines, thus saving an extra year of eligibility that would have been sacrificed by playing in the bowl game.

From November 2011, when Cash suited up against the Wolverines in his second-tolast game as a Buckeye, to Duke’s season opener against N.C. Central in August, Cash went almost 21 months without playing in a

12

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JENNIE XU/THE CHRONICLE

In addition to recording 14 tackles, Duke safety Jeremy Cash nabbed the first interception of his collegiate career against Troy.

M. SOCCER

from page 7

and hit the long diagonals. They’re quicker than North Carolina.”

The mid-week scheduling of the Virginia game is unusual, as it is the first conference game played during the week since Oct. 23, 2007 when the Blue Devils took on Virginia Tech.

“It’s different—we’ve never had a Tuesday conference game before,” Ibeagha said. “It’s weird knowing that, coming off the weekend playing [North Carolina], we only had one day to prepare before taking on another conference team. We don’t like to say that we have a different mentality, but obviously when you play an ACC team you have to be sharp. We have to be sharp-

er and much quicker in the week than we would be usually.”

The Blue Devils have posted just one win in their last five games and are one of three ACC teams without a conference victory this season.

“We need to get our first win,” head coach John Kerr said. “We’ve played tough conference games away—Notre Dame, Maryland.

We need to get on that scoreboard. We need to be on our toes, stick to the game plan and defend resolutely.”

In addition to contributing to their postseason chances, a win against a historically-strong Virginia program would be personally satisfying, Ibeagha said.

“I haven’t [beaten Virginia] in my four years, so hopefully this is my time,” he said.

“This is something I want to do as a senior.”

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The Chronicle Rainy day problems: Accidentally gets staffbox: ...................................................... duranddurand Cheeseburgers get smaller: ..............................................................Mr. Teeth Accidentally gets stuck with staffbox: .............................................Magicarp Bad weather=more meltdown prone: .................................... theothersophia Aggressively takes staffbox and gives to nobody: .................djinisinabottle Even she frowned once: ..................................................................chowchow Not even sure if he was here: ................................................ theheadlineguy Still has space in the paper: ............................................................... Mr. Jorts Barb Starbuck is our ray of sunshine: ......................................................Barb Student Advertising Manager: ..................................................James Sinclair Account Representatives: ...................... Jennifer Bahadur, Shannon Beckham Peter Chapin, Caitlin Chase, Courtney Clower, Alyssa Coughenour Tyler Deane-Krantz, Chris Geary, Liz Lash, Hannah Long, Parker Masselink Nic Meiring, Brian Paskas, Nick Philip, Cliff Simmons, Lexy Steinhilber, Olivia Wax Creative Services Student Manager: ................................. Marcela Heywood Creative Services: ..........................................................Allison Eisen, Mao Hu Rita Lo, Izzy Xu Business Office .........................................................................Susanna Booth

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T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

The Chronicle

Faculty key to online education At the Founders’ Day Convocation Friday, the Duke Alumni Association awarded the Alumni Distinguished Undergraduate Teaching Award to Mohammed Noor, Earl D. McLean Professor of biology and chair of the biology department. A panel of undergraduates selected Noor for the award, citing him as a pioneer in online education and innovative teacher and researcher. We would like to congratulate Noor, who is highly deserving of the award, and use this as an opportunity to consider the University’s attempts to expand online education at Duke.

Noor is known at Duke for using the flipped classroom model and online educational platforms to transmit his lectures to a large number of students around the world. Honoring Noor partially for his involvement in online education shows Duke’s renewed commitment to expanding online course offerings.

Despite encountering opposition from some faculty and students, Duke’s administration continues to explore opportunities to promote online learning. In July, Duke appointed Lynne O’Brien to serve as the University’s first associate vice provost for digital and online education initiatives— a position created to oversee Duke’s experiments

with online education. O’Brien’s appointment suggests that Duke plans to proceed more carefully and deliberately as it develops its approach to online education.

Earlier attempts to integrate online courses into Duke’s curriculum were met with significant resis-

Editorial tance. Last semester, the Arts and Sciences Council voted against for-credit online courses, blocking the University’s proposed partnership with 2U, an internet education company.

Faculty opposed the partnership with 2U not only because many faculty members have concerns about online education, but also because they felt the administration had failed to solicit or consider their input. Some professors felt that the administration dove headfirst into online education without adequately consulting with them on the subject.

Although faculty have many legitimate concerns about online courses, some of the opposition to online education derives from knee-jerk reaction to change and misunderstandings about what online education would look like at Duke.

“

The resources must be used in a way that is in keeping with the mission statement of the university, and there should be a mechanism by which the members of the university community can provide checks and balances on that.

”

—“Guest” commenting on the article “DukeOpen goals not fully met.”

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Letters should not exceed 325 words; contact the editorial department for information regarding guest columns.

The Chronicle will not publish anonymous or form letters or letters that are promotional in nature. The Chronicle reserves the right to edit letters and guest columns for length, clarity and style and the right to withhold letters based on the discretion of the editorial page editor.

Direct submissions to: E-mail: chronicleletters@duke.edu Editorial Page Department The Chronicle Box 90858, Durham, NC 27708 Phone: (919) 684-2663 Fax: (919) 684-4696

The Chronicle

Inc. 1993

DANIELLE MUOIO, Editor SOPHIA DURAND, Managing Editor RAISA CHOWDHURY, News Editor DANIEL CARP, Sports Editor SOPHIA PALENBERG, Photography Editor SCOTT BRIGGS, Editorial Page Editor CASEY WILLIAMS, Editorial Board Chair JIM POSEN, Director of Online Operations KELLY SCURRY, Managing Editor for Online CHRISSY BECK, General Manager EMMA BACCELLIERI, University Editor ELIZABETH DJINIS, Local & National Editor ANTHONY HAGOUEL, Health & Science Editor JULIA MAY, News Photography Editor KELSEY HOPKINS, Design Editor LAUREN FEILICH, Recess Editor ELIZA BRAY, Recess Photography Editor MOUSA ALSHANTEER, Editorial Page Managing Editor ASHLEY MOONEY, Towerview Editor JENNIE XU, Towerview Photography Editor KRISTIE KIM, Social Media Editor LAUREN CARROLL, Senior Editor ANDREW LUO, News Blog Editor MATT BARNETT, Multimedia Editor REBECCA DICKENSON, Advertising Director MARY WEAVER, Operations Manager MEGAN MCGINITY, Digital Sales Manager

This semester, Duke seems to be tackling the issue in a more productive way, and we commend the administration for proceeding more slowly.

Duke should continue to build up the institutions necessary for a structured approach to online education and give more weight to the input of faculty members. Faculty members not only have a right to contribute to University-wide decisions, but they are also primarily responsible for successfully implementing Duke’s online education initiatives.

Their support is essential.

Online education offers considerable opportunities for the University. If implemented carefully and selectively, it promises to enhance the learning experience of Duke students and students around the world. Although online courses have proven valuable in certain contexts—as Noor’s success illustrates—much work remains to ensure that they are appropriate and useful in other disciplines.

For these reasons, the administration should seek faculty input early and consider it seriously.

Noor’s flipped classroom teaches us that embracing digital technologies in the classroom can improve educational access and quality. It will require commitment and ingenuity like his if we hope to expand this model into new academic territories.

The competitive games

onlinecomment

Est. 1905

The Chronicle

commentary

10 | TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2013

CARLEIGH STIEHM, University Editor GEORGIA PARKE, Local & National Editor TONY SHAN, Health & Science Editor ERIC LIN, Sports Photography Editor RITA LO, Design Editor JAMIE KESSLER, Recess Managing Editor THANH-HA NGUYEN, Online Photo Editor MATT PUN, Sports Managing Editor CAITLIN MOYLES, Towerview Editor DILLON PATEL, Towerview Creative Director JULIAN SPECTOR, Special Projects Editor CHELSEA PIERONI, Multimedia Editor GLEN RIVKEES, Director of Online Operations YESHWANTH KANDIMALLA, Recruitment Chair JULIA MAY, Recruitment Chair BARBARA STARBUCK, Creative Director

The Chronicle is published by the Duke Student Publishing Company, Inc., a non-profit corporation independent of Duke University. The opinions expressed in this newspaper are not necessarily those of Duke University, its students, faculty, staff, administration or trustees. Unsigned editorials represent the majority view of the editorial board. Columns, letters and cartoons represent the views of the authors.

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I

am a huge fan of the The Hunger Games trilogy.

It rivals my early enthusiasm for the Harry Potter books, and I frequently invoke references to it in conversation. I am clearly not the only one with this obsession—the trilogy has sold tens of millions of books, the movie spinoff has earned over $600 million, and thousands of young adults and children, inspired by the heroine’s deadly skill with a bow, have taken up archery classes. The trilogy is incredibly entertaining, which might surprise some, given that the entire series is about kids killing kids. In each book there is an arena, the location where the competitive killing takes place, which grows more expansive with each book— from an isolated forest in the first to the entire country by the end of the third. Death is a constant theme, and the series does not have an incredibly satisfactory ending.

If you have not read The Hunger Games, then my description above might read dreary, and you might be disinclined to read the trilogy now (sorry for the spoilers). But the book is grippingly entertaining, despite its macabre theme, and likely because of it.

What makes this trilogy so enthralling is the concept, and the reincarnation of competitive killing in each book suggests the author, Suzanne Collins, might have recognized its importance as a plot device. Harry Potter fans love their books for the magical world created

by J.K. Rowling, whereas fans of The Hunger Games seem to be captivated by something less benign. Why am I, along with millions of others, so gripped by this trilogy’s gladiatorial plot?

It is useful to separate out The Hunger Games’ plot into two concepts: death and organized competition.

This is a distinction Suzanne Collins has made before—in several interviews she has said that the inspiration for the series came from flipping between television stations that showed scenes of the Iraq War on one channel and reality television competitions on the other. These two concepts together deliver the plot that has driven the series’ success. But perhaps one concept is a more significant driver than the other.

Organized competition has been the most prolific form of entertainment over the past 3,000 years. There is the early example of Rome’s gladiators, who fought in a spectator arena against other fighters or animals.

Professional sports are a more recent example, where players follow specific rules meant to derive an entertaining experience for the viewer. The shot clock in basketball was developed specifically to make games more entertaining to watch, and millions around the world are devoted to watching spectacles of organized competition. One might hypothesize that democratic politics, in recent years, has become another form of organized competitive entertainment, despite its loftier goals of public welfare.

This summer, I became a big fan of the reality television show Big Brother, where contestants are placed in a house under 24/7 surveillance and

compete to be the last houseguest voted out by their roommates. I promise the show is not voyeuristic—it is at its best when contestants plan and implement clever and deceptive strategies that take them further

Patrick Oathout REALPOLITIK WITH PATRICK

in the game. Most of the houseguests are insufferable to watch, but when they compete against each other, they suddenly become a lot more entertaining. Great reality television shows, like The Amazing Race or American Idol, are always centered on organized competition. Organized competition is a consistent obsession not only in my own life, but also in the lives of a large swath of the world.

Death and war might be additional drivers of The Hunger Games’ popularity, but I suspect few find killing for its own sake entertaining. The target markets of the series, young adults and children, seem more enthralled by the idea of the arena itself than the slaughter. The popularity is driven by the novel take on organized competition, an approach additionally heightened by the stakes of the game and the drama between characters. The series’ love triangle and plot twists are subsumed by the games itself.

Why are we then so entertained by organized competition? Do we crave the glory of victory as we put ourselves in the competitor’s shoes? Are we captivated by the spectrum of human values, courage, strength, focus and intelligence, which are showcased in full force? Are we hypnotized by narratives of triumph against all odds and look to the spectacle for inspiration? Or does organized competition appeal to our more evolutionary sentiments? It is likely a combination of all of the above, with weight to each determined by one’s personality.

I often wonder if Suzanne Collins sees her enthusiastic fans, who obsess over the idea of the arena more than the books’ characters, and worries that the goal behind writing The Hunger Games has been missed. I doubt she wanted readers to become obsessed with the idea of kids competitively killing each other. Perhaps the series is meant to actually criticize society’s addiction to organized competition.

Regardless of the aim, the resulting success of the series provokes introspection of our reasons for enjoying them. It is one place where Harry Potter is a better series, because it is a lot easier to pretend to be a wizard than to be a tribute.

Patrick Oathout is a Trinity senior. His column runs every other Tuesday. Send Patrick a message on Twitter @PatrickOathout.

The Chronicle

commentary

Hidden costs of the shutdown

T

he government shutdown is hitting close to home—800,000 government workers’ families are going without pay, many near my hometown in the D.C. area. Although they will eventually receive back pay, many families are limping along without a paycheck. Less important in human terms but more important in terms of cuteness, we can no longer watch pandas cuddle on the National Zoo’s Panda Cam. But there’s a bigger hidden cost that we would regret in 50 years: The shutdown could lead even more of the “best and brightest” young people to reject public service.

Lucky college seniors are choosing between job offers right now. How are they deciding? Key factors include income, prestige, impact, quality of bosses, job security and flexibility. Clearly the private sector can seem more appealing on the surface. Trinity senior Patrick Oathout, a newly minted Truman Scholar, doesn’t think the shutdown will disincentivize government service.

But he does name “three things that turn people off about public service: low benefits [i.e. income], high risk [like losing an election] and public scrutiny.” Despite these downsides, the federal government can still attract top talent because officials make a tangible impact on Americans’ lives, enjoy a certain kind of prestige, often work saner hours and have greater job security. The shutdown and other congressional failures of leadership threaten the future of public service by further diminishing its prestige, eroding its job security, endangering the critical mass of talent that we need for an effective bureaucracy and reminding us that Congress does government about as well as Miley Cyrus does demolition.

First, the shutdown represents the latest episode in what 28-year State Department veteran and New York Times op-ed contributor Stephen Kelly calls a “war on government.” Politicians and pundits love to heap derision on civil servants.

They decry every misstep from paying too much for muffins to following inaccurate talking points on a news show. Of course, government waste and official misdeeds must be reported and rectified.

But the unrelenting criticism of public employees aims to make government service a stain rather than an honor. Kelly says that for top civil servants, “the example coming from Washington is that not only will we not pay you as much (as private sector workers), but we will make you feel like a worthless hog suckling on the government teat.”

I don’t know about you, but I don’t want to be painted as a worthless hog just for doing my job— all the while knowing that I could make $50,000 more at a private company. The opportunity costs go beyond the people who decide to never join the government. Talented people will move on more rapidly. I’m confident that the loss of institutional knowledge and long-term expertise would cost taxpayers billions of dollars each year.

Now that’s what I call government inefficiency!

Second, the shutdown and wanton budget cuts like the ongoing sequester chip away at the job security traditionally associated with government work. The sequester prompted cuts across many departments. The Energy Department had to fire 250 workers at Hanford Nuclear Reservation— people who likely had higher education and specialized skills. Federal public defenders have to take up to 15 unpaid furlough days, denting their paychecks even further. Education Department

funding for Indian reservations has been slashed; a reservation in Montana lost nearly a million dollars to educate its children. And now the shutdown has kept home 800,000 “nonessential” employees. Congress voted last week to give them back pay for their shutdown furlough days—but it will not let them work, even if they want to! These layoffs and unpaid furloughs make government service much less secure and even less financially appealing.

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2013 | 11

Things I’ll never know

E

ach year, over one million tourists visit Uganda. Thirty-five percent of them stay less than a week, while only 4 percent remain there longer than 46 days. The net result is a large group of people with twice-used safari hats in the back of their closet who seem to know a little bit more about this great big, beautiful marble we live on.

The real question, though, is how much you can really learn about a place in five days, or even in 46 or 89? I missed out on so many things in Uganda. Three months in the country and I never went to a school. I drove through a university campus but never talked to a

Andrew Kragie

Lydia Thurman

ELEVATOR PITCH

THIS ONE TIME IN AFRICA

Third, we will lose the critical mass of talented civil servants who are the lifeblood of our government. Public service will always attract excellent executives because people see the opportunity to make an impact. Accomplished people in every industry will always answer the call when a newly elected president asks them to serve as Secretary of State or Environmental Protection Agency Administrator. Even with diminished prestige, the commander in chief can attract some of the best and brightest.

But a former Defense Department official points out that the civil service needs more than a few talented people at the top. These mid-level professionals are deemed “nonessential,” yet it’s essential that the government have enough talented people to fill tens of thousands of career positions and do the nitty-gritty work that political appointees like Cabinet members don’t do. The Defense official bluntly worries that “we may very well see a reduction—but not the complete loss—of talented people, if this idiocy continues.”

High-profile politicians like John Kerry will keep filling the high-profile positions, but we would lose the critical mass of excellent career employees like Stephen Kelly. And that would make our diplomacy less effective, our civil rights enforcement weaker and our responses to natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina and Colorado’s wildfires even more inadequate.

Lastly, who wants to work for a boss as incompetent as today’s Congress? Recent history is littered with examples of bad bosses and poor management in the private sector, from Enron to Lehman Brothers. But if you find a bad boss in the private sector, you can start sending emails to other companies. You can escape a dysfunctional boss, but you can’t escape a dysfunctional Congress.

That dysfunctional Congress is, unfortunately, the only actor who can end the shutdown. And I hope they will do that soon. House Republicans must stop holding the bureaucracy hostage in their crusade against the Affordable Care Act. They have already tried and failed to repeal Obamacare over 40 times. They need to know that their choice to force a shutdown affects more than the Panda Cam. It affects thousands of American families. And it risks immense harm to our national government’s effectiveness over the next 50 years by giving my generation’s talented professionals even more reasons to say “thanks, but no thanks” to public service.

Andrew Kragie is a Trinity junior. His column runs every other Tuesday.

Visit dukechronicle.com/section/ opinion for more Opinion content.

student. I took almost a hundred taxi rides, and I heard thousands of conversations between other passengers, but they were largely in Luganda. Eighty-some days later and I don’t even know what small talk in Uganda sounds like. How men and women interact. I never went to a church service. I feel as if I learned so much about what living in Uganda is like this past summer, but just because I went from zero to something doesn’t suggest that I learned much of anything at all. That being said, it would be a bleak conclusion drawn to say that any visitor cannot understand the community they’ve visited. A huge (and positive) driving force behind international travel is the goal of understanding other cultures. So how long does it take to understand? During my first week in Uganda I met a Peace Corps worker in a supermarket who could speak fluent Luganda. He had only been in the country a year. When I was boarding my return flight to the United States I met a volunteer who had bought a motorcycle and survived, if not mastered, Ugandan traffic. He had been in the country only for six months. Is it presumptuous for them to think they understand the nation?

It’s incredibly easy to trick yourself into believing you know it all, confusing expertise with comfort. Day one in a new place is terrifying and day two is equal parts confusing and fascinating. Nothing is of lower quality than pictures taken out of the smudged window of a moving van, but that was my purpose my second day in Uganda. I was shell-shocked and entranced and didn’t want to miss a single billboard or butcher’s shop. But by the time breathing Ugandan air stops being a novelty, you feel like a veteran. You’ve conquered directions and you can bargain with reasonable acuity. You feel like you know and you feel like you should be treated differently than those Dutch tourists who look perpetually lost or the American mission trip students with their conspicuously matching money wallets outside of their clothing. At what point though are you allowed to take your experiences and the knowledge you’ve gained and decide what you think about Ugandan politics, about Ugandan social norms and culture?

That may sound like a stupid question. Isn’t the point of an opinion that it is yours and that it’s simply what you think? Ugandans don’t formulate their opinions about their own country with a holistic knowledge of everything. Americans don’t do that in the United States. Nobody does that anywhere. People form opinions based on their own limited knowledge and their own restricted experiences. Yet despite this fact, people often determine the very fact that tourists (like me) might draw conclusions and hold opinions to be inappropriate and presumptuous. It’s not our country; it’s not our place to say. In my opinion, the problem comes not in the formulation of opinions, but in the weighing of them.

There’s a distinct problem when opinions are considered to be worth more than anybody else’s by virtue of being one’s own; there’s a distinct problem when they are considered to be founded on more information and knowledge than they actually are. But it’s hard for me to justify the preclusion of a person from having an opinion that follows from their experiences and their knowledge.

Levying absolute judgment isn’t the same as thinking for yourself, and if you have the opportunity to travel or live abroad, you shouldn’t feel as though you can’t do the latter. Whether you’re in Uganda or you’re in Japan, you’re welcome to hate new foods you try. You should be thinking critically about local politics, and you should be wondering why our government can’t keep our national parks open, too. No temporary visitor will get all the facts or understand all the nuances, but that doesn’t make their experience, nor the opinions based off of their experiences, invalid. Nobody’s opinion can be ultimate truth anyway, so as long as you recognize that nobody owes it to you to agree with you, you won’t be over-stepping any bounds.

I learned maybe 1 percent of what there is to know about Uganda during my stay there, but when you consider that I’ll probably never know more than .05 percent of what the Affordable Health Care Act is all about, the summer doesn’t seem like that much of a waste.

In comparison to all of the information and experiences out there, I only came away with a little more than nothing, but I’ll take what I can get.

Lydia Thurman is a Trinity junior. Her biweekly column will run every other Tuesday. Send Lydia a message on Twitter @ThurmanLydia.

12 | TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2013

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The Chronicle

October 8 - 21 Exhibitions Recording the Anthropocene. Have we entered a new geologic epoch defined by the environmental impact of humanity? Thru October 13. Perkins Library Gallery. Free.

Doris Duke’s Shangri La: Architecture, Landscape and Islamic Art. An intimate look at Doris Duke and her Honolulu estate, featuring selections from her Islamic art collection. Thru December 29. Nasher Museum of Art. Visualizing Venice: New Technologies for Urban History. Inquiries into how social and economic change shaped the city of Venice over time. Thru October 31. East Duke. Free.

Lines of Control: Partition as a Productive Space. Exploring the creation and maintenance of borders. Thru February 2. Nasher Museum of Art. Free.

Events October 8 Ciompi Quartet Lunchtime Concert. Brahms: String Quartet No. 3 in B-flat Major, Op. 67. 12pm. Duke Chapel. Free.

Film. The Undocumented (2013). An unvarnished account of the repatriation of the remains of immigrants who die crossing the U.S.-Mexico border. Part of the Rights!

Camera! Action! film series. 7pm. Full Frame Theatre, American Tobacco Campus.

Free.

October 10 The Narrowing. Premiere of a new play conceived and directed by Ellen Hemphill of the Theatre Studies faculty, written by Ellen Hemphill and Nor Hall with video design

by Jim Haverkamp and music by Allison Leyton-Brown. 8pm. 539 Foster Street.

Ticket prices TBA.

October 12 Duke University String School. Dorothy Kitchen, director. 3pm. Beginning Ensembles & Intermediate I. 7pm. Intermediate II & DUSS Youth Symphony Orchestra.

Baldwin Auditorium. Free.

Two

great museums.

The Narrowing. (See Oct. 10) 8pm.

October 16 Exhibition Opening. Outrageous Ambitions. How a One-Room Schoolhouse Became a Research University. Celebrating 175 years of Duke history. Thru January 26, 2014. Perkins Library Gallery. Free.

Duke Arts Festival 2013, Art + Sustainability. Call for Submissions ends. Exhibition and performances featuring work with a sustainability theme created by Duke students. October 25 - November 3.

Two great exhibitions of contemporary art from South Asia.

October 17 Talk. Eid al-Adha Celebration and talk by artist Mohamed Zakariya. 5pm. Nasher Museum of Art. Free.

October 18 Full Frame Third Friday. Screening of Pussy Riot: A Punk Prayer. 7pm. Full Frame Theatre, American Tobacco Campus. Free.

October 19 Faculty Recital. Sandra Cotton, mezzo-soprano; David Heid, piano; and others.

Works by Respighi: Adagio con Varizione, II Tramonto, String Quartet No.3, and selected songs. 4 pm. Nelson Music Room, East Duke Bldg. Free.

The Sahmat Collective Art and Activism in India since 1989 On view through January 5, 2014

October 20 Faculty Recital. Hsiao-mei Ku, violin. Works for solo violin by J.S. Bach, Eugéne Ysaÿe, and others. 3pm. Nelson Music Room, East Duke Bldg. Free.

Organ Recital. Professors of Music at Cornell University, Annette Richards and David Yearsley, perform solo and duet repertoire on the Flentrop and Brombaugh organs.

5pm. Duke Chapel. Free.

Screen/Society All events are free and open to the general public. Unless otherwise noted, screenings are at 7pm in the Griffith Film Theater, Bryan Center. (N) = Nasher Museum Auditorium (SW) = Smith Warehouse - Bay 4, C105. (W) = Richard White Auditorium. (ATC) = American Tobacco Campus. All events subject to change.

10/8

The Undocumented (uncensored) (7pm. ATC) Q&A to follow w/ filmmaker Marco Williams.

Rights! Camera! Action!

10/9

Granito: How to Nail a Dictator NC Latin American Film Festival

10/21

The Minister (L’Exercice de l’État) French Film Festival

ami.duke.edu/screensociety/schedule

Lines of Control Partition as a Productive Space On view through February 2, 2014

IMAGE: Zarina Hashmi, River of Tears (detail), 2007. Faux pearls on string 12 feet long, installed dimensions variable. Courtesy Gallery Espace, New Delhi. © Zarina Hashmi.

October 13 The Narrowing. (See Oct. 10) 2pm.

Collaborative programs between the Nasher Museum and Ackland Art Museum are made possible by the William R. Kenan, Jr. Charitable Trust, the Fenwick Foundation, and Barbara Nicholson McFadyen.

October 11 The Narrowing. (See Oct. 10) 8pm.

This message is brought to you by the Department of Art, Art History and Visual Studies, Center for Documentary Studies, Chapel Music, Duke Dance Program, Duke Music Department, Duke Performances, Nasher Museum of Art, Duke University Libraries, Screen/Society, Department of Theater Studies with support from the Office of the Vice Provost for the Arts.