January 22, 2015 by Duke Chronicle

999 Down, One to Go

Mike Krzyzewski’s goal is to win games, not to set records. His next chance at a win comes Sunday | Page 10

DSG Restructured

Proposals presented at Wed.’s Senate meeting may alter Senate representation, size and elections | Page 2

The Chronicle T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

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‘The campus feels different to me now’

ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH YEAR, ISSUE 67

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Muslim students respond to the backlash following Duke’s decision to relocate the call-to-prayer

Emma Baccellieri News Editor

Samantha Neal The Chronicle In the wake of media attention surrounding the relocation of the weekly Muslim callto-prayer, some members of the Duke community are reflecting on the ramifications of the University’s decision. Last week, Duke decided to broadcast the weekly Muslim call-to-prayer—known as the adhan—from the Chapel bell tower—but reversed its decision after security threats and backlash from some conservative leaders. The call to prayer was instead held on the Chapel quadrangle on Friday amid support from hundreds of students, faculty and members of the local community. Senior Shajuti Hossain, a member of the Muslim Student Association’s executive board, wrote in an email Wednesday that the decision to hold the adhan was and continues to be in the hands of the Muslim Chaplain Imam Adeel Zeb. Although the decision to broadcast the adhan was not publicized until this semester, MSA was informed of this proposal before winter break, Hossain said. “When the initiative was presented to MSA, I thought it was amazing,” senior See Adhan on Page 3

Photo Courtesy of GLAAD As part of the Duke University Union’s Speakers and Stage series, Laverne Cox, acclaimed for her role on Netflix series Orange is the New Black, will be speaking at R.J. Reynolds Industries Theater Friday.

In spite of these barriers for the transgender community, activists such as Laverne Cox have fought these obstacles The Chronicle and worked diligently and effectively to Headlines such as “Supreme Court to educate and promote transgender rights hear cases on Gay-Marriage” are bolded by harnessing the power of the media. on television screens and lining newspa- Cox is a transgender woman who is most per stands, dynamic parades celebrate Gay notable for her role in the hit Netflix Pride, and well-known gay role models series Orange is the New Black as Sophia such as Dan Savage or Ellen DeGeneres of Burset, a transgender woman imprisoned the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexufor credit card fraud. al, Transgender (LGBT) She produced and ur society wants movement advocate for starred in her VH1 people to fit into recognition of LGBT series TRANSform Me. rights in the eyes of the neat gender boxes based on For her role as Sophia, law. While mounting gay Cox received the Dorian rights activism is impera- their sex assigned at birth. Rising Star Award and tive, gays and lesbians the first openly — Bernadette Brown was represent only a part–– transgender person of albeit a large part––of the LGBT commu- color nominated for an Emmy in 2014. nity. The “T” of the LGBT community, She was also the first openly transgender transgender individuals, often gets over- person featured on the cover of TIME looked and is certainly under-represented magazine. in the media compared to the frequency This Friday, Cox will be visiting Duke’s of gay and lesbian stories. In fact, histor- Reynolds Theater to share her message of ically-speaking, the media has portrayed equality, tolerance and understanding of transgender individuals in a “freakish” and the humanity and issues of the transgendehumanizing light by being concerned der community. more about their physiology rather than See Cox on Page 6 their humanity.

Dillon Fernando

Elysia Su | The Chronicle Members of the Duke and Durham community attended Friday’s call-to-prayer in support of the University’s Muslim community.

DPD inspects ADPhi sexual assault claim

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Durham Police are investigating the possibility that a female student was drugged and raped at the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity house earlier this month, according to a search warrant filed during the investigation of the sexual assault claim against the fraternity. The alleged incident took place the evening of Jan. 8 at ADPhi’s house on West Chapel Hill Road. The Durham Police De- Alpha Delta Phi partment announced it was investigating the claim at a news conference Tuesday morning. While police investigate, the University has suspended the fraternity. According to DPD’s probable cause affidavit, the female student who filed the claim arrived at an Alpha Delta Phi party at their off-campus residence around 10:45 p.m. Jan. 8. She had one drink, a cup of Aristocrat and Lime, and began talking with a member of the fraternity. “He wanted to show her where his room was as he led her upstairs,” the warrant reads. “She said she refused to go in the room and went back downstairs.” The female student returned downstairs and was dancing with her friends when she was told that the fraternity had begun making hot chocolate. The drink was in small clear containers with a lever switch in front to pour into cups. It did not taste as if it had any alcohol, the student claims in the affidavit, so she determined it was safe to drink. The last thing she remembered was dancing with her friends before she woke up the next afternoon in her own room, wearing a t-shirt she did not recognize without a bra or underwear. The leggings she had been wearing the night before were torn on the floor next to her bed. Her roommate, who had been at the party with her, told her she did not remember the female student returning to the room the night before, as the roommate had been “passed out,” the affidavit reads. The female student’s phone was broken, so she checked her computer to see

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DSG proposes changes to Senate elections Doctor with ties to Duke fatally shot Grace Wang

Health & Science Editor

Proposals introduced at Wednesday’s Duke Student Government meeting may mean major changes are in store for the Senate. The four proposals discussed during the meeting addressed Senate elections, committee fusion and Senate size. The first proposal suggests a new model for Senate elections in which East, West and Central campuses were each divided into different constituencies according to residential blocks. Right now, 12 DSG senators are elected from each graduating class. “1,500 students is an absurdly large constituency,” said junior Keizra Mecklai, vice president for equity and outreach during the presentation. “Representation by residency will make the Senate more effective.” This proposal hopes to bring the the number down to about two senators serving per 400 students. “These senators live in your neighborhood, and you can find them very easily. They are all directly accountable to you,” said senior Nikolai Doytchinov—who is on a temporary leave of absence from the role of chief justice as he participates in the Young Trustee election. This proposal also attempts to address the campaign difficulties faced by many students running for DSG office. The current election model requires that all candidates campaign across all three of Duke’s residential campuses. “With the new model, senators could easily reach independent house presidents, really address the residents and have a dialogue with them,” Doytchinov said. The second proposal focuses on the merging of existing committees within DSG. Under the proposal the social culture committee and the residential life committee would be merged due to the overlap between their roles. Social life on campus mainly concerns housing, dining and alcohol policies, which all fall under residential life, Vice President for Services Billy Silk, a junior, noted during

Michael Davidson, who completed his residency at Duke, is survived by his wife and three children Emma Baccellieri News Editor

Xirui Liu | Chronicle File Photo Keizra Mecklai, vice president for equity and outreach, introduced a proposal which would divide the three Duke campuses into different constituencies at the DSG Senate meeting Wed.

the presentation. In addition, the second proposal also recommends merging the facilities and the environment committee with the services committee. The proposal stemmed from limited existing space for projects on facilities issues like construction and renovations when the services committee already has overlapping projects with Fix My Campus and Duke University Student Dining Advising Committee. The last two proposals suggest changes to the current Senate structure, including reducing the Senate size from 60 to 40 and matching senators with committees after election. The new Senate would have 32 elected and eight at-large members, which could bring greater accountability and higher competitiveness to the body, Mecklai explained. Echoing the representation by residency proposal, the new model would apportion senators to houses based on their size. In

the proposed model, Duke would be divided into 14 constituencies: two on Central Campus, Crowell and Wanamaker, Craven, Edens, Few, Keohane, Kilgo, four on East Campus and off-campus representatives. Among the four proposals, representation by residency received the most questions from the Senate—largely due to concerns of over and underrepresentation. The four proposals will be further discussed during the DSG internal affairs committee meeting Sunday. In other business: The Student Organization Funding Committee presented the budget for Duke East Asian Nexus and charity fundraising plans by Delta Sigma Theta. Executive Vice President Abhi Sanka, a junior, presented changes to Senate election by-laws which were passed. DSG also passed a budgetary statute to fund activities during Mental Health Awareness Month in February.

A doctor who died Tuesday following a shooting at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston had ties to Duke. Dr. Michael Davidson, 44, was shot twice Tuesday morning inside the hospital and died Tuesday night. The alleged shooter, Stephen Pasceri, was later found dead of an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound. Davidson completed his residency at Duke University Medical Center in the late 1990s and early Michael Davidson 2000s. His wife, Dr. Terri Halperin, earned her medical degree from the Duke School of Medicine in 2001. The couple have three children, and his wife is currently seven months pregnant. A 2001 issue of the Duke alumni magazine shows Davidson and Halperin kissing under the headline “The Perfect Match.” Davidson served as the director of endovascular cardiac surgery at Brigham and Women’s. Pasceri’s mother was a patient of Davidson’s before she died in November 2014. When Pasceri walked into the hospital Tuesday morning, he asked to speak to Davidson and shot him twice with a .40-caliber pistol when the two See Davidson on Page 3

The Chronicle

ADHAN

continued from page 1 Safaa al-Saeedi, a member of MSA’s executive board, said. “It embodied to me what it means for religions to coexist—to have the message of one to be delivered through the embodiment of the other.” Initially, members of MSA were excited about the adhan, but many realized that they would likely face backlash. “There were mixed feelings because some of us were worried about what would happen,” said freshman Noor Tasnim, a member of MSA. “We knew there would be opposition, but some people were really excited. Never did we expect for it to blow up to the point that it was international news.” Student reactions as the story unfolded were expressed through social media sites such as Facebook and Yik Yak. Although many posted messages in support of broadcasting the adhan, some opinions were not as accepting. The anonymous nature of Yik Yak in particular allowed for some racist or derogatory comments. “I look at people and wonder which one of you said that comment,” al-Saeedi said. “You all have these smiles on your faces, but which one of you is harboring this intolerance?” As a native of Yemen, al-Saeedi had never faced an experience like this before. “Now, I walk around campus more conscious of my Muslim identity than ever,” alSaeedi said. “The campus feels different to me now.” Following the reversal of the decision, Duke Student Government President Lavanya Sunder, a junior, issued a public statement in which she addressed the “unprecedented amount of hate messages and threats” that the University received following the initial announcement.

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“I was certainly disappointed by the reaction of people outside of the Duke community who spoke against Duke for its initial decision to broadcast the adhan from the Chapel,” Sunder wrote in an email to The Chronicle Wednesday. “I certainly wasn’t expecting the level of hate and anger that Duke received after announcing the initial decision.” She was unable to elaborate further on the nature of the threats that the University received. Out of this moment of controversy, many—such as Director of Islamic Studies Center Omid Safi—see an opportunity for growth and support. “Like the rest of the world, we are facing a challenge in knowing how to respond to the presence of multiple ethnic and religious communities in spaces where one tradition [has or had] been historically dominant. These are issues that the whole global community is debating, so it shouldn’t surprise us that we at Duke debate them too,” Safi wrote in an email Wednesday. “We are today simultaneously an international university of students and scholars from all over the world, and a university with a proud Methodist tradition. Those two realities, and they are both realities, need not clash, but do call for some measure of grace in negotiating.” He added that the reaction of compassion that he viewed was evidence of the love felt for the Muslim community by both Duke students and administration. “I can’t think of another university that has allocated as many resources to supporting Muslim Life as Duke has over the last decade. It reminds us that universities are part of the larger fabric of American life, and susceptible to all the tensions and dramas that affect all of us. And that the march towards progress and inclusion is never smooth, never easy and never linear, but one that has to be perpetually pursued,” he wrote.

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DAVIDSON

ADPHI

entered an exam room to talk, according to police reports. The hospital does not have metal detectors. “Dr. Davidson was a wonderful and inspiring bright light and an outstanding cardiac surgeon who devoted his career to saving lives and improving the quality of life of every patient he cared for,” Dr. Elizabeth Nabel, the hospital’s president, wrote in a latenight letter to staff members Tuesday. “It is truly devastating that his own life was taken in this horrible manner.” Davidson earned his undergraduate degree at Princeton University and his medical degree at Yale University.

if she had received any text messages the night before. At 1:30 a.m. she had received a text from an unknown number reading, “YO.” A second text from the same number saying, “HA HA.. YOU WENT BACK WITH A KID I KNOW...YOU’RE SCREWED!!” according to the affidavit. The student went to the Duke University Medical Center Emergency Room for a rape kit that day. Police filed for a search warrant of the ADPhi residence in a second-degree rape investigation Jan. 10. The house was searched by police that day, and three liquid samples were seized, along with photographs. Second-degree rape, per North Carolina law, occurs when one individual engages in vaginal intercourse with another by force and against their will, or when someone engages in vaginal intercourse with someone who is mentally disabled, mentally incapacitated or physically helpless, and the person performing the act knows or should reasonably know of this status. The allegations come slightly over a year after Alpha Delta Phi was permitted to join Duke’s Interfraternity Council. In Fall 2013, the fraternity was officially recognized by the University after previously being denied recognition. The chapter has been a part of the national Alpha Delta Phi organization since 2006. The group was originally chartered on Duke’s campus as Sigma Alpha Epsilon. SAE, however, was expelled from the national fraternity in 2002 for violating rules regarding risk management, such as hazing and illegal alcohol use.

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Laverne Cox Activist and actrist will visit Duke this Friday, page 6

2015 Oscar nominations Snub or surprise?, page 8

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In this note, I wish to address the gap between sight and sound—specifically, the gap in our perception of the visual and the auditory. Considering our existence within an evolutionary timeline, it can be seen that our biological construction and the fitness of our survival as a species Homo sapiens are fundamentally based in our propensity for sight. Specifically for our species, the general vertebrate feature of mobile eyes has translated into our ability for intimate communication and development of relationships—our interactions with one another largely depend upon eye contact. It so follows that our ability to see, and more importantly, what we see, is an overwhelmingly dominant force over all our other senses. After all, the value of presentation is to us of utmost importance, often dictating our social contacts, the food we eat, the places we go. The central role that the act of seeing has in our lives is a double-edged sword: while it is a major component of our interactions with others, it simultaneously obstructs our interactions with others by denying them (the “other”) personal agency to a complete, individualistic identity. This implicit contradiction can be clarified through making an important distinction: when we see individuals, we do not see individuals in and of themselves, but individual members of a group. This contradiction is the result of our unconscious tendency to view individuals in contexts and in relations—individual people can never escape their group identities, whether this be gender identity, sex category, or ethnic or cultural identity. As our interactions with others are guided by sight, physical behaviors and appearances remain at the forefront of our perception of others. Stereotyping and mutually exclusive categorizing present themselves at the core of our interactions,

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for they arise through the act of seeing. The question, “What is this person’s identity?” unconsciously precedes the more important question, “What is this person saying?” Our unconscious, internal answering of the first question occurs in all situations: even when the question is irrelevant, we still make decisions on a person’s sex, gender, beliefs and personality. The second question is the more difficult one, because it can only be answered consciously. It is easy to capture and become aware of the essence of the visual—we are, after all, guided by sight. It is, on the other hand, difficult to develop a sense of hearing in the absence of a visual. Yet, the importance of hearing must not be understated: listening to someone’s speech without being able to judge them based on presumptions and assumptions is what gives them that complete, individualistic identity which the act of seeing denies. Sylvano Bussotti’s musical scores capture

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the essence of this difference between the visual and the auditory, and brings to our attention the absolute need to focus more on listening. On his scores, he draws lines to connect notes, creating a display of the melody that intertwines seemingly cacophonous notes together. The lines and artistic structures he creates in his scores allow us to visualize the music in a more coherent way. But to listen to his pieces, no matter how careful the listener is, is an entirely different story. The melody line becomes lost in what seems like a sea of disparate notes. The incredible difficulty of following the melody line which is depicted visually is telling of the necessity for us to concentrate our energies on listening—on combating the biases created through seeing. We need to listen more, to hear individual voices in a society dominated and biased by the visual. - Stephanie Wu

continued from page 1 Cox grew up in Mobile, Alabama with her mother and twin brother. From a young age, Cox was often bullied by other children for acting differently than how a person assigned male at birth was expected to act by society. As a child, she took dance classes and as an adolescent, experimented with androgyny to begin to express her identity. Beginning in the sixth grade, Cox also found herself attracted to males. It is important to note the distinction between gender identity and expression and sexual orientation. According to GLAAD, gender identity and expression are defined as: the expression of physical social cues of the gender one identifies as––often different than the sex assigned at birth. Sexual orientation describes the physical, romantic, and/ or emotional attraction to another person. Transgender people (regardless of assigned gender) are able to be gay, lesbian, straight, bisexual or otherwise–– their sexual orientation is relative to the gender in which they identify. For example, a person born male at birth who is attracted to males but identifies as a female would be considered a straight female. Cox’s third grade teacher once told her mother to send Cox to therapy before “he [at the time] ended up wearing a dress in New Orleans.” During these early years, Cox built up a lot of shame about who she was because her cultural background drilled into her head that her thoughts and emotions of wanting to express herself as a women were impure and sinful. In fact, Cox attempted suicide

in the sixth grade by swallowing a whole bottle of pills. She feared that she could not live her life being true to her identity because of such social pressure and disdain. Due to her travails as a child, Cox has often spoken out against society’s binary definition of gender––expectations that can stifle individuals’ expressions of their gender. Newly instated director of the Center for Sexual and Gender Diversity (CSGD) Bernadette Brown agrees. Brown believes that the “deconstruction of the gender binary” is the key to respecting and affirming the range of gender identities, and not stigmatizing behavior that strays from that which is solely masculine or solely feminine. “Gender is a social construct; sex is biological,” Brown said. “Our society wants people to fit into neat gender boxes based on their sex assigned at birth, but there are individuals who disagree with the sex and/or gender role that were ascribed to them because of the marker on their birth certificate.” However, Cox has found in her experience that many individuals who choose to courageously express their gender identity––especially transgender individuals––face increasing amounts of harassment and violence from the public. She has worked with several organizations to decrease the occurrence of violence against transgender people. Furthermore, she is in the works of creating a documentary about CeCe McDonald, a transgender woman who was arrested, served prison time, and was later released after defending herself from her attackers, one of whom died. According to the 2013 report from the National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs (NCAVP), 53.8% of that year’s

total hate violence homicides were transgender women. Director of the Pauli Murray Project at the Duke Human Rights Center and professor Barbra Lau notes that “this notion that it is now safe to express one’s self as a transgender individual is not true...there are still racial and gender benefits for individuals in certain communities that many of us don’t feel.” According to NCAVP’s 2013 report on anti-LGBTQ and HIV-affected violence, black and African American people comprised the majority (78%) of hate violence homicide victims. Many people, including many in the media, portray the straight black community as being extremely anti-LGBT. Brown cautions against this. “We really need to be more mindful about perpetuating the notion that the black straight and cisgender communities are particularly antiLGBT. While everyone has their own personal experience, there is research that indicates that black straight and cisgender communities are not more anti-LGBT, and do indeed support rights and protections for the LGBT community, but that information is rarely publicized,” Brown said. “As a black lesbian, I’ve encountered wonderful support within the black community and I know many others have as well.” Nevertheless, many people in our society still do not truly understand what it means to be transgender. Lau attributes some of this ignorance to people fearing what is mysterious or unknown to them. However, a personal connection with a transgender individual often can do away with these misconceptions. First-year student Miranda Brawner was assigned male at birth and transitioned into expressing her gender

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as a woman a year ago. Even Miranda did not understand that she could express gender in a way true to her identity. “It was difficult. I hadn’t really met anyone like me before,” recalls Brawner. “It was kind of a strange way [that] I found out when I was reading somebody’s blog on the internet about going through the process [of transitioning] and it really resonated with me. I felt like I finally had this moment where I felt like I understood...that this was something that would be good for me if I acknowledged it [identification as a female] and shared it with the world.” Brawner found that her own family did not want her to start taking steps in her transition such as wearing femaleassociated clothing and introducing herself to people as Miranda. “There was sort of a disconnect. There was some frustration there about being who I always was,” Brawner said. “But we soon realized that it was a family process and that we had to learn to trust each other’s feelings in the steps forward.” Some of these steps forward include Brawner’s future plans. A transgender person does not have to have had surgery or taken steroids to be considered transgender––it simply has to do with identifying with a gender opposite of that expected by society, based on one’s sex. Brawner openly revealed that she intends on proceeding with further therapy for her transition, but not every single transgender individual is as open. Cox believes that society’s preoccupation with the transition process, whether one has taken drugs or had surgery, and what genitalia a person has objectifies transgender people and is often very insensitive and intrusive. By focusing on a person’s anatomy, the humanity of an individual and the

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uniqueness of his or her story is often lost. The media has perpetuated this preoccupation with anatomy and often times it leads to projecting transgender people as Brawner puts it “alien or a different species.” Nevertheless, Laverne Cox has been able to harness this same media that portrayed transgender people in a negative light and has begun the process of allowing transgender people the opportunity to tell their stories, the way they want them told. Cox uses the media not only to educate those who may

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be unfamiliar with trans-people but also to convey the stories of trans-lives that they have the right to share. “There are many laws and policies [regarding gender identity and gender expression] that have to be adopted to include appropriate protections,” says Brown. “Laverne Cox is a courageous advocate for the transgender community...she represents what can be accomplished in spite of the myriad obstacles that many transgender people face. I think she delivers an empowering

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message for all people, and especially transgender people.” Lau reflects, “What makes her incredible is the love she has for herself. She projects a kind of confidence that helps disarm people that are ignorant and she presents herself in a powerful and honest way. I think human beings respond to people who are that authentic.” Laverne Cox’s arrival to Duke comes at a time at which the CSGD is expanding and the Duke community is showing great interest in her unique message––

tickets for her talk sold out in less than two days. Brown comments that in her short time here, “many students at Duke are interested and want to intellectually engage in the conversation.” While there is still work to be done on campus and in our society to educate and dispel ignorance and preconceived notions of what it means to be transgender, the power in truly loving our fellow human beings can be, as Cox calls it “a revolutionary act.”

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Academy Awards: Too much love or not enough?

Drumroll Please You have got to appreciate the love for the smartly written, psychological drama, Whiplash. The story of an ambitious drummer tested by his terrifyingly intense drumming instructor pulled the cover off the usual “musician triumphs after starving artist struggle” by highlighting the brutal process and psychological torture of practicing to be a skilled artist. J.K. Simmons is undoubtedly a lock to win for his performance as the daunting, aggressive mentor of the student. The film was also nominated for Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay (which is quite interesting considering it’s an original screenplay from writer/director Damien Chazelle). Surprise

Adam Schutzman The Chronicle I’m not going to lie to you guys. I woke up bright and early Thursday morning in order to see the Academy Award nominations the moment they came out. Was it a bit unnecessary? Sure. Do I regret it? Not one bit. From the moment I laid eyes on the fortunate few who will have a shot at Oscar Gold on February 22nd, I knew we would have a competitive year at hand. Still, the Academy finds a way year after year to surprise me with unexpected contenders and, unfortunately, undeserved snubs. So, from one critic to another, here are some of the biggest shockers of 2015. Where’s the love for Selma? Selma, the biopic centered on the Martin Luther King Jr’s campaign to secure equal voting rights through multiple marches from Selma to Montgomery was highly popular this year with both critics and moviegoers. Though the film obtained a Best Picture nomination, David Oyelowo’s layered performance as the civil rights leader was considered a sure thing for his showing of the reverend’s charisma, self-doubt, flaws and indomitable strength. Ava DuVernay showed poise and expertise behind the camera, guiding the viewer to appreciate a grounded, objective view of the crusader. Some argue that the controversy surrounding the inaccuracy of the portrayal of Lyndon B. Johnson may have affected its chances, but that’s truly unjust for such a passionate project. Snub

Special to The Chronicle Selma remained noticeably absent at the Oscars.

Eh bien méritée Marion Cotillard Now, some may call this a snub for Jennifer Aniston in her breaking-thetypecast role as a troubled woman captivated by a suicide in her chronic pain support group, but I’m sorry, it was a poorly made film with an above average, not Oscar caliber, performance. Two Days, One Night, the sadly under-seen Belgium film about a woman who must convince coworkers to turn down a bonus in order to keep her job is intricate, personal and unique in perspective. Cotillard is excellent in capturing the shame and desperation of trying to salvage her situation and keep her world from falling apart. Bravo to the

Academy for not overlooking this excellent performance. Surprise

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Everything is NOT Awesome How could the Academy have left out the highly enjoyable and intelligent LEGO Movie from the best animated feature list. From the same writers as 21 Jump Street and 22 Jump Street, The LEGO Movie was corny, nostalgic and quirky in all the right ways. Rarely is there an animated film where adults and children can watch together, laugh together and go home with that warm, fuzzy feeling inside. Don’t act like you don’t know what I’m talking about because you do! Snub

The American way So, American Sniper seems to have gotten a lot of love this year with a late campaign surge. Now, some may disagree with me on this, but I felt Chris Kyle was underwritten, and the film failed to capture his motivations and true persona. Personally, I believe Bradley Cooper had a fantastic transformation into the character, but I would have given his spot to Jake Gyllenhaal’s unforgettably frightening turn as a freelance cameraman who will do whatever it takes to get the footage he wants in Nightcrawler. Surprise (and Snub).

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Apply for Study Away in Glasgow, Scotland Application Deadline: March 1, 2015

Sunday, January 25, 2015 5:00 p.m. Duke Chapel Free admission

Christopher Jacobson was appointed Chapel Organist and Divinity School Organist at Duke University in the summer of 2014. Previous positions have included Associate Organist at Trinity Episcopal Cathedral in Columbia, South Carolina, and Assistant Organist at Washington National Cathedral. He has won prizes in several organ competitions and presented organ recitals in North America, Europe, and Australia. One reviewer noted that, “demonstrating excellent technique and mature interpretation, Christopher Jacobson presented one of the strongest recitals of the convention” (The American Organist). “Kit” will present his first recital in Duke Chapel on the Aeolian organ.

Organ Recitals 2014-15

Duke university Chapel u sunDays at 5:00 pm March 1, 2015 March 22, 2015

Attention PUBPOL and other Undergraduate Majors! Study Away at University of Glasgow in Fall 2015

Marie Rubis Bauer Robert Parkins

Information Meeting: Thursday, January 22, 2015 5:00 – 6:00pm Room 242 Rubenstein Hall You are strongly encouraged to attend this meeting if you are interested in studying away at the University of Glasgow during the Fall 2015 semester. Students who have participated in the Glasgow program in the past will also be present to answer questions and share their experiences. Refreshments will be served. The Duke In Glasgow program page and application can be found at the Duke Global Education website: http://globaled.duke.edu/Programs/Semester/Duke_in_Glasgow. Contact Meghann.Lail@duke.edu for additional information.

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THURSDAY, JANUARY 22, 2015 | 9

Inherent Vice stays true to Pynchon’s original work Jack Bradford The Chronicle

Sex, lies and videotape; sex, drugs and rock and roll: these are the overlapping triumvirates governing Inherent Vice, Paul Thomas Anderson’s film adaptation of Thomas Pynchon’s novel set in the Los Angeles suburbs at the beginning of the 1970’s. The plot revolves around private investigator Doc Sportello (Joaquin Phoenix) as he meanders around the city in search of his “ex-old lady,” Shasta Fay Hepworth (Katherine Waterston), and her new lover, real estate developer Mickey Wolfmann (Eric Roberts)-both of whom have mysteriously disappeared. Along the way, he uncovers, among other things, a web of crime involving L. A. zoning policy, zombified surfrock bands and a dentistry enterprise calling itself the “Golden Fang.” Los Angeles, in Pynchon’s vision, is too far from Woodstock and Vietnam to provide either with anything but a passing mention; his characters are instead interested in everything else that pops up on the local news. Richard Nixon, Charles Manson, Ronald Reagan and the long-dead John Garfield all haunt the original novel and its film adaptation, first appearing spectrally on Doc’s television and soon after in his raps with suspects, clients and lovers. The novel matters for a number of reasons: namely, it is the first of the elusive author’s books to be set to film, and that film follows its source material very closely. Much of the dialogue and narration in the script have been lifted directly from the novel’s pages, and the assembled cast (the best of whom include Michael K. Williams, Owen Wilson and, for once sans harp and harpsichord, Joanna Newsom) shows that Pynchon’s dry humor can only be amplified by the addition of sound and visuals. For Inherent Vice is, above all, a comedy--and an artful one at that. Anderson, who managed to draw levity from the baptismal fonts and oil wells of There Will Be Blood, allows the story and its humor to develop naturally through long takes and reefer-saturated dolly shots. But Anderson’s greatest success, and one that has not been appreciated by many of the film’s lukewarm reviews, is the way he translates Pynchon’s text into a visual tool. Unlike Baz Luhrmann’s treacly adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s writing onscreen in The Great Gatsby, Anderson’s fashioning of the text into voiceover narration subverts the relationship between image and the written word in the original work. Even as the televised apparitions of Nixon and Manson bend the gazes of Doc and company, the narration – which, in one of the film’s best changes to its source material, is provided by the dilettante sorceress Sortilège (Newsom) – is the stem from which all the images onscreen extend. Essentially, Anderson has imposed on Inherent Vice the same kind of nebulous bureaucracy that its protagonists stumble upon and uncover across Los Angeles. The text seeps into Anderson’s adaptation in other ways, as well. Doc Sportello, who, when asked how many joints he smokes on a given day, says that he needs to “check the log book” – Doc has what Pynchon refers to as “Doper’s Memory.” And while, in the novel, Pynchon usually explains outright when Doper’s Memory strikes Doc, Anderson does the opposite. There are times when a song that is being played in the background will carry on long after a scene has ended, only to cut off abruptly. In an especially brilliant move, Neil Young’s “Journey Through the Past,” played earlier in the film, returns, barely audible, as a secretary puts a caller on hold. Characters, too, disappear from the frame only to reappear soon afterward, and phantasmal voices echo without bodies to accompany them. Anderson musters a wide range of visual and sonic effects to subtly transform Doc’s drug-induced disability into part of the viewer’s vision of Los Angeles, a city whose ghosts are decidedly more alive than dead. It is uncertain whether Inherent Vice will remain the only Pynchon novel to be adapted to film – the motion picture industry has taken a long time to requite the writer’s love, and perhaps with good reason: his more infamous works vacillate so impossibly between the familiar and the esoteric, the vulgar and the urbane, that the idea of putting them on the screen seems as terrifying as it does difficult. But even if it is the last, Anderson’s Inherent Vice exhibits the kind of masterful interplay between images and words that is to be expected from Pynchon himself.

Special to The Chronicle

2015 Harriet Cook Carter Lecture

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The Future of Nursing in an Era of Health Reform: Implications for the Basic and Nurse Practitioner Workforces

Peter I. Buerhaus, PhD, RN, FAAN Valere Potter Professor of Nursing Director, Center for Interdisciplinary Health Workforce Studies Institute for Medicine and Public Health Vanderbilt University Medical Center

4:00 – 5:00 PM • Thursday, February 5 Pearson Building, Room 1014 (Reception to immediately follow in Atrium) RSVP to Sherene Jenkins at (919) 684-9444 by February 2 Sponsored by: nursing.duke.edu

Duke University School of Nursing Duke University Health System Clinical Education & Professional Development

Continuing Education Credit Designation Duke University Health System Clinical Education & Professional Development is authorized by IACET to offer 0.1 CEU’s to participants who meet all criteria for successful completion of these educational activities. Successful completion is defined as (but may not be limited to) 100% attendance, full participation and satisfactory completion of all related activities, and completion and return of evaluation at conclusion of the educational activity. Partial credit is not awarded. Duke University Health System Clinical Education & Professional Development has been approved as an Authorized Provider by the International Association for Continuing Education &Training (IACET), Jones Branch Road, Suite 300, McLean, VA 22102. In obtaining this approval, Duke University Health System Clinical Education & Professional Development has demonstrated that it complies with the ANSI/IACET 1-2013 Standard, which are widely recognized as standards of good practice internationally. As a result of Authorized Provider status, Duke University Health System Clinical Education & Professional Development is authorized to offer IACET CEU’s for its programs that qualify under the ANSI/IACET 1-2013 Standard.

Come join the conversation!

Social Entrepreneurship & the Business of Civic Engagement

Monday, Jan. 26 5:30-7:00pm Gross Hall 107 Preceded by Reception, 4:30-5:30pm

RSVP: tinyurl.com/ SECE2015

GUESTS INCLUDE* Bill Wetzel, Director, Clinton Global Initiative University Marina Kim, Director, Ashoka U

MacKenzie Moritz, Associate Director for Strategic Partnerships, Franklin Project Dr. David Scobey, former Executive Dean, New School for Public Engagement *Full list of panelists available on RSVP website

Sports 10 | THURSDAY, JANUARY 22, 2015

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THE BLUE ZONE

JELA DUNCAN RETURNS TO DUKE

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THURSDAY, JANUARY 22, 2015

Men’s Basketball

Column

Mike Krzyzewski will go for his 1,000th win Sunday against St. John’s in Madison Square Garden

The Garden: The mecca of basketball

999 DOWN, 1 TO GO

Daniel Carp Beat Writer Mike Krzyzewski’s goal is to win games, not set records. But as a consequence, each passing victory has put Duke’s 35th-year head coach on the precipice of a record that has No. 5 held the watchful Duke gaze of the college vs. basketball world all St. season. John’s Krzyzewski will return to the site SUNDAY, 2 p.m. Madison Square Garden of his last major milestone in hopes of achieving perhaps the greatest feat of his coaching career. He will lead his No. 5 Blue Devils into a matchup with St. John’s at New York City’s Madison Square Garden Sunday at 2 p.m. with the chance to become the first coach in men’s Division I basketball history to win 1,000 career games. He also earned the 903rd victory of his career at basketball’s Mecca, surpassing his mentor, Bob Knight, to become the sport’s all-time winningest head coach Nov. 15, 2011. After capturing win No. 999 against Pittsburgh Monday night, Krzyzewski did his best to downplay his pursuit of the milestone. “It means we’re 16-2,” Krzyzewski replied when asked of the significance

sports Elysia Su | The Chronicle Head coach Mike Krzyzewski will go for his 1,000th career victory Sunday in Madison Square Garden against St. John’s.

of Duke’s 79-65 win against the Panthers. “That’s exactly what it means. Hopefully we can be 17-2 the next game we play, and that’s the way we approach everything.” Despite Krzyzewski’s best efforts, the prospect of his 1,000th victory is grabbing all the headlines leading up to Duke’s

showdown with the Red Storm (13-5). Blue Devil assistant coach Jon Scheyer, who as a player helped Krzyzewski earn his fourth national championship, noted that no amount of focus could keep the buzz See M. Basketball on Page 12

Women’s Basketball

Duke hits the road to take on Eagles Delaney King Beat Writer The Blue Devils look to snap a four-game losing streak on the road with a trip to Boston College. No. 15 Duke challenges the Eagles Thursday at 7 p.m. in Chestnut Hill, Mass. The Blue Devils claimed back-to-back victories in their two most recent No. 15 games at home, and Duke they will hope to carry vs. the momentum away Boston from Durham into College their next two contests. “We’re excited to THURSDAY, 7 p.m. start a new weekend,” Conte Forum head coach Joanne P. McCallie said. “We know we’ve played tough competition in the past—at Connecticut, [Texas] A&M, and everywhere else—but we still want to be the best we can be right now, which means executing at any place.”

Duke (13-5, 4-1 in the ACC) fell to Florida State and Nebraska in addition to the Huskies and Aggies, and the two most recent road losses came in double digits. Although poor shooting and foul trouble have contributed in some of these games, the largest contributing factor was the team’s excessive turnover count. After 25 turnovers in the loss to the Seminoles, the Blue Devils managed just 26 across their next two games, a significant improvement on the season. “[We have to] continue to slow down a little bit, not go too fast and just continue to work on our IQ—to realize it’s a conscious effort to be a smart team,” McCallie said. Boston College (8-10, 0-5) enters the contest hoping to snap a losing streak of its own, having dropped its last five games, four of them by 10 or more points. Duke has not lost to the Eagles since 2010, and it has only dropped one other game to Boston College across 13 total meetings. See W. Basketball on Page 13

Alex Deckey | The Chronicle Freshman Azura Stevens dropped 20 points in Duke’s 68-53 win against Miami.

“WELCOME TO MADISON SQUARE GARDEN, THE WORLD’S MOST FAMOUS ARENA!” Those will be the words the 19,812 patrons of Madison Square Garden hear blaring over the public address system just before tipoff of what could be Mike Krzyzewski’s 1,000th victory as a head coach in Division I college basketball. And truly, there is no better place than Madison Square Garden for such an historic event to take place. After all, in addition to being the world’s most famous arena, it is also the Mecca of Basketball. Having grown up attending dozens of Knicks games each year and spending a summer working in the hallowed halls of The Garden, I can attest to the spiritual feeling one gets from just being inside the circular arena right in the heart of Manhattan, from looking up and seeing the names of legendary athletes and performers waving from the rafters. The list of iconic moments at The Garden stretches longer than I could ever reproduce. The Knicks and the Rangers of course have their share of legendary moments. In 1971, the captain, Willis Reed, limped onto the floor for Game 7 of the NBA Finals and hit the first two hoops of the game to give the Knicks their first championship. In 1994, in a doubleovertime game, Stephane Matteau found the back of the net to topple the rival Devils and send the Rangers to the Stanley Cup. Then in 1999, with three seconds left and trailing by three, Larry Johnson somehow canned a triple while drawing a foul, netting the Knicks four points and putting them on course to become the first 8-seed to reach the NBA Finals. But providing great moments for the teams who call it home doesn’t make The Garden so special. It’s everything else. The 1951 fight where the young Rocky Marciano knocked out his hero Joe Louis and proceeded to cry, so conflicted about defeating his rival. The 1971 “Fight of the Century” between undefeated legends Muhammed Ali and Joe Frazier, in which Frazier earned the win by unanimous decision in the 15th round. Madison Square Garden’s finger prints can be found in politics as well. President John F. Kennedy was at The Garden for his birthday in 1962, when Marilyn Monroe performed the most infamous rendition of “Happy Birthday” known to man. The Garden played host to Pope John Paul II after his election in 1979, where 20,000 youths were inspired by his

Bobby Colton

See The Garden on Page 11

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THURSDAY, JANUARY 22, 2015 | 11

Women’s Tennis

No. 4 Duke to host Louisville for ITA Kickoff Jake Herb Beat Writer No time for cold feet! Plagued by firstmatch jitters, the Blue Devils struggled in their season opener, but the start of ITA competition offers them a chance to rebound. No. 4 Duke returns home to the Sheffield Indoor Tennis Center Saturday to kick off the ITA season with a 2:00 p.m. match against ACC foe Louisville. After dropping two Louisville spots in the ITA polls following their narrow vs. 4-3 win against William No. 4 and Mary, the Blue Duke Devils will look to SATURDAY, 2 p.m. reassert themselves in a Sheffield Tennis Center friendly environment. If Duke soars past the Cardinals, they will go on to challenge either Furman or Memphis in the championship game Sunday at 1:00 p.m. as part of the ITA Kick-off Weekend. If they lose to Louisville, the Blue Devils will play in the consolation match at 9:30 a.m. Sunday morning. “Our goal is to be better than we were the other day,” Duke head coach Jamie Ashworth said. “We won but we didn’t play a great match [against William and Mary]. We played tight and waited for opponents to make mistakes. Everything that we’ve done in practice since has focused on being aggressive and finishing balls.” Contrasting Duke’s underwhelming start to the season, Louisville (1-0) enters the weekend riding a decisive 7-0 sweep versus

Jesús Hidalgo | The Chronicle Senior Ester Goldfeld—the No. 87 singles player in the nation—will look to build on her first victory against William & Mary Saturday when the Blue Devils host Louisville.

Butler. Game control and aggressive play will be key to the Blue Devils’ attempt to slow down the surging Cardinals and progress through the tournament. Duke (1-0) fell to the Tribe 2-1 in doubles matches in the season opener, forcing Ashworth’s squad to come from behind to earn a victory. Despite boasting two nationally ranked players on their roster, the Blue Devils have failed to break into the ITA’s top 100 doubles rankings. The struggle to establish chemistry between players represents a lingering weakness in the Blue Devils’ game—a weakness the Cardinals would be happy to exploit. With two amblers still on injured reserve

sports

and one-third of the team graduating the previous year, finding suitable pairs has been an uphill battle for Duke. As Ashworth points out, great doubles teams play together and understand how their teammates’ play. With the ITA season on their doorstep, the Blue Devils’ window to experiment with doubles pairs is shrinking by the week. “It’s something that we have talked about as a team,” Ashworth said. “Expect us to field different combinations every time until we settle on something. For one thing, it will keep our opponents off balance, but we also need to find the best combination that we can. It’s easy to make one great team, but we are shooting to have three really good teams.”

Although Duke’s double’s strategy is settling into a holding pattern, the team is getting a considerable boost from 55thranked Samantha Harris. The freshman from Melbourne, Australia, appears to be coming into her own just in time for the opening of the ITA campaign. Against William and Mary, Harris put the team on her back. With the dual score resting on the outcome of her own singles match, Harris overcame her own nerves and clinched the win for her team. Her development as a player and as a young leader on the team has not bypassed the watchful eye of Ashworth, who anticipates another strong showing from the freshman Saturday. “Harris will be big for us in singles and doubles,” Ashworth said. “Her play has a big impact on the team’s emotions. Now that she has those first-match jitters out of the way, she can focus on being herself on the court, and that’s when she plays her best tennis.” Returning All-American and 87th-ranked Ester Goldfield will also give the home team a considerable boost. Last time out, the Brooklyn, N.Y., native notched a singles win after dropping her doubles contest alongside senior Annie Mulholland. Her experience and talent combine to make her a matchup problem for any competition. Saturday will be the first time that the Blue Devils have faced the Cardinals in Ashworth’s 17-year tenure at Duke, but the veteran coach does not view that as a problem. “Our girls are pretty good at figuring stuff out,” Ashworth said. “We’ll have them concentrate on themselves and let the coaches worry about making adjustments.”

THE GARDEN continued from page 10

words. And in 1992, Madison Square Garden was where young William Jefferson Clinton received his nomination for the Presidency of the United States. The Garden is also a notable concert venue. In 1971 Madison Square Garden was the home for a benefit concert for Bangladesh, which featured Eric Clapton, Bob Dylan and other stars. The philanthropic endeavor was repeated in 2001 after the attacks of September 11, in 2005 in response to Hurricane Katrina, and in 2012 after Hurricane Sandy. Not only is Madison Square Garden iconic in general, but Krzyzewski also has personal ties to the Mecca of Basketball. As Duke’s head coach, Krzyzewski has coached 32 games at The Garden in 35 years, compiling a 24-8 record. His Duke teams have outscored opponents by 6.83 points per game. Krzyzewski toppled nine ranked foes at The Garden. He won four Preseason NIT Tournaments spanning three decades, two Dreyfus Classics, an Aeropostale Classic, a 2K Sports Classic benefiting Coaches vs. Cancer and a CARQUEST Autoparts Classic, all on the hallowed court at 4 Pennsylvania Plaza. And, of course, on November 15, 2011, he made history by earning his record-breaking 903rd win on that same stage where all the greatness mentioned before occurred. Just as there is the iconic picture of Patrick Ewing raising his arms in triumph atop the scorers

Georgia Parke | The Chronicle

table in 1994, or the one of “The Great One” Wayne Gretzky taking his final skate around the ice in 1999, there is the picture of Krzyzewski and his mentor and former record holder Bob Knight embracing. Again, an emotional scene at The Garden, just like Marciano when he surpassed his idol.

Now, just over three years later, Krzyzewski will once again captivate the sporting world when he attempts to win his 1000th game this Sunday against St. John’s, a team against whom he is 5-2 at Madison Square Garden. And what better place is there for a historic moment like this one than The Garden?

Just like Willis Reed and Stephane Matteau, like Joe Frazier and Pope John Paul II, this Sunday afternoon Mike Krzyzewski can add another unforgettable moment to the rich history of Madison Square Garden. To the fabric of what makes it The World’s Most Famous Arena.

12 | THURSDAY, JANUARY 22, 2015

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M. BASKETBALL continued from page 10

Elysia Su | The Chronicle Three of the Blue Devil starters—freshmen Jahlil Okafor, Tyus Jones and Justise Winslow—will make their first career Duke appearance in Madison Square Garden Sunday.

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from permeating the team’s locker room in recent weeks. “You’re not going to hide it from them,” Scheyer said. “You feel pressure. You get tight saying, ‘Oh, we need to win this for Coach.’” In wins No. 998 and 999, Krzyzewski showed that a coach of his experience still has to be willing to try new things. After Duke’s porous defense was exploited in back-to-back conference losses to unranked N.C. State and Miami, Krzyzewski moved away from his ageold philosophy and relied heavily on a 2-3 zone in wins against No. 6 Louisville and Pittsburgh. The Blue Devils (16-2) have shied away from fullcourt pressure in their last two victories, falling back into their zone defense after made baskets and playing manto-man after misses. Zone defenses typically leave teams vulnerable to open looks from behind the 3-point line, but St. John’s does not have a single player hitting 40 percent of their shots from beyond the arc this year. “No matter what defense we’re playing, we need to talk and we need to do it hard, and that’s something we’ve done a good job of these last two games for the mostpart,” Scheyer said. Even with renewed defensive confidence, Duke may have its hands full with senior D’Angelo Harrison, who leads St. John’s in scoring and averages 19.5 points per game. The 6-foot-4 guard shot just 3-of-18 in the Red Storm’s 60-57 victory against Krzyzewski disciple Steve Wojciechowski’s Marquette squad Wednesday night, but Scheyer said Harrison may be as good of a scorer the Blue Devils have seen this season. “He’s a great player because he can play transition, he can play really well off pick and rolls, he can come off screens. He’s a very versatile sc orer,” Scheyer said. “You really can’t let up in any areas. It’s not like you’re playing a really good shooter and you just need to run him off the 3-point line. He can do so many different things.” Although Harrison could be tough for Duke to stop, freshman center Jahlil Okafor could present a bigger matchup problem for a Red Storm team that started just one player larger than 6-foot-6 in its last game. That player is 6-foot-10 St. John’s center Chris Obekpa, who ranks third in the nation with 3.53 blocks per game. And even if Obekpa is able to limit Okafor in the paint, the Chicago native has proved he can find other ways to terrorize opposing defenses. Okafor finished with just 14 points in the Blue Devils’ last win but did so on an efficient 5-of-9 shooting and dished out five assists while seeing double- and tripleteams all evening. After completing a stretch of four games in eight days, six days off to prepare for St. Johns was a welcome sign for Duke. No Blue Devil may be more appreciative of this than freshman Justise Winslow, who bruised a rib and took multiple hard hits to the shoulder during his team’s last contest. Scheyer said he expected Winslow—who has scored a total of 12 points in his last three games—to be ready to go Sunday. Reaching as high as No. 15 in the nation before dropping four of its last six games, St. John’s successful 2014-15 campaign should mean there will be plenty of red in what is normally a sea of blue at Madison Square Garden. But regardless of which team they support, all eyes—and the Big Apple’s brightest spotlight—will be shining on Duke’s 67-year-old head coach’s attempt at history. “It means a lot because we love Coach and we want to win it,” Scheyer said. “Whenever that time comes— hopefully it is this next game—it will be a really cool thing to have with him.”

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THURSDAY, JANUARY 22, 2015 | 13

W. BASKETBALL

CLASSIFIEDS

continued from page 10

The Eagles bring a sharp-shooting squad to the game Thursday, ranked 17th nationally for its 8.1 3-pointers-per-game average and second in the ACC behind Notre Dame in three-point shooting percentage at 38.9. Four Eagle shooters currently have threepoint percentages of 37.0 or higher, led by starting sophomore guard Kelly Hughes’ 39.2 percentage on 47 made treys this season. Together with Hughes and her 14.6 points per game, junior guard Nicole Boudreau will pose a threat to the Blue Devil defense, averaging 11.8 points of her own on the season. “[Our defensive key will be] great team ball pressure [and] extending and getting to the shooters quickly,” McCallie said. “Being much more alert in transition, because they’ll pop [threes] in transition as well as out of their offenses, and just good communication overall.” Duke has defended against more threepoint attempts than any other team in conference, but opponents have made just 119-of-444, the best defending ratio of any ACC team. Boston College will likely be allowed its fair share of shot attempts and must hope for accuracy, as the Blue Devils tie for first nationally with an average rebounding margin of 14.6. Duke’s dominance in the paint isn’t only due to strong rebounds. Forwards Azura Stevens and Elizabeth Williams combined for 44 points in the team’s most recent win—a 6853 romp against Miami—only two of which came from the free throw line. Stevens entered the starting lineup in December, starting sudoku_458A her first game with

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T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

The Chronicle

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#ReclaimActivism

hough Martin Luther King Jr. Day has passed, the spirit of the civil rights leader’s work continues in a new social media campaign, #ReclaimKing. The movement—which called on activists to invoke Dr. King’s “radical, principled and uncompromising” nonviolent protest tactics—agitates against racial inequality and police brutality. Protestors around the country rose in response: Hundreds took to the streets in Harlem holding “Black Lives Matter” signs, the cast of “Selma” marched in Alabama and similar movements sparked in Philadelphia and the Bay Area. The movement called for a renewed level of social activism that makes calls for a state of the union of activism today. Embedded within the #ReclaimMLK movement is a call to re-engage with the legacy of the iconic civil rights leader. King today is revered for his call for nonviolent protest. Yet, the tag also calls on us to reflect on King as a human being with flaws and to engage with the true sentiment of his ideas beyond his “I have a dream” speech. Nonviolence, for example, is distinct from non-disruption, as is so often conflated today. Instead, it was a call against quiet acceptance of the status quo while recognizing that disrup-

tion is inherent in social change. This message of expanding our modern understanding of King’s dream beyond racial harmony was echoed in the Duke Chapel by Rev. Dr. William Barber, president of the N.C. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, who spoke of King’s work on poverty and militarism. The modern narrative of King celebrates parts of his dream while ignoring how other parts intersect. King’s dedication to social justice changed the nation. Yet the elevation of him as the sole symbol of the Civil Rights Movement risks creating an oversimplified narrative of the complex nature of the movement—one interwoven with other causes and the efforts of men and women in a number of different capacities working to improve the conditions of those deemed undeserving of just treatment. The ahistorical lionization of King reveals the human tendency to narrativize mass movements and epochs through single figureheads rather than ideas. MLK Day rightly celebrates Dr. King’s achievements, but it should just as importantly remember those of the entire era. The movements of the Civil Rights era, revived through the #ReclaimMLK campaign, raise

onlinecomment Your “Christian privilege” is the right to wear whatever clothes you please; to go out unescorted by a male relatvie; to vote; to drive a car; to view whatever cartoons you wish; and to attend higher education.

LETTERS POLICY The Chronicle welcomes submissions in the form of letters to the editor or guest columns. Submissions must include the author’s name, signature, department or class, and for purposes of identification, phone number and local address. Letters should not exceed 325 words; contact the editorial department for information regarding guest columns. The Chronicle will not publish anonymous or form letters or letters that are promotional in nature. The Chronicle reserves the right to edit letters and guest columns for length, clarity and style and the right to withhold letters based on the discretion of the editorial page editor.

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questions about the state of social movements today, particularly on college campuses. While fundamental problems persist, the landscape and terrain of activism has changed since the 1960s. Technology and social media, for example, have revolutionized the breadth and medium of the dissemination of information. This increase in information access proffers a double-edged sword. Information spreads, yet the overload of independent movements diverts attention from one another, and platforms like hashtag Twitter activism give people the false illusion of progress. Technology, in this sense, inspires breadth rather than depth in social movements—agitation without tangible action. Change often has come from grassroots movements pressuring the top levels of government and institutions and is dependent on a number of people, not just on a singular face of a movement. Regardless of whatever issue one is passionate about, on or off campus, one should act rather than wait for a campus leader to lead the charge. In this way, working toward King’s dreams and those of the forgotten who marched with him will no longer be limited to one day in January.

Genocide denial is alive and well

” edit pages

—“Algiers50” commenting on the column “What does Christian privilege look like at Duke University”

Est. 1905

The Chronicle

www.dukechronicle.com commentary

14 | THURSDAY, JANUARY 22, 2015

his Saturday, a prominent Armenian Genocide denier will deliver a lecture on campus. This event stands at odds with Duke’s leadership on human rights issues, especially the legacy of Raphael Lemkin, a Jewish lawyer who fled his native Poland in 1939, started teaching international law at Duke in 1941, and forever changed his field by coining the term “genocide.” The young Lemkin closely followed the events of World War I. In the spring of 1915, grisly accounts started to emerge out of eastern Turkey. These horrific events began on April 24, 1915 when, as Samantha Power recounts in her Pulitzer Prize-winning book “A Problem from Hell”, the Ottoman Minister of the Interior ordered the arrest and execution of 250 Armenian intellectuals.

Stephen Ghazikhanian Matthew King GUEST COLUMN In the following months, the New York Times detailed the mass atrocities against the minority Armenians, charging that the Ottoman Empire was “acting deliberately” to implement a “policy of extermination.” Properties were confiscated. Men were either immediately executed or used as laborers until their death. Women, children, and the elderly were forced on deportation marches through the Syrian desert to the concentration camps of Deir ezZor. Along these routes, as Donald Bloxham describes in his book “The Great Game of Genocide”, the Armenians were “subject to massive and repeated depredations—rape, kidnap, mutilation, outright killing, and death from exposure, starvation, and thirst—at the hands of Ottoman Gendarmes.” Up to 1.5 million Armenians, many of them women and children, perished. From this point on, Lemkin sought to understand, research and combat this “crime without a name.” In 1944, with the publication of Lemkin’s “Axis Rule in Occupied Europe”, he coined a name that captured the horror of the crime—genocide. Race murder. Genocide, in Lemkin’s view, referred not only to Hitler’s Final Solution, but also to the fate of the Armenians that had first inspired Lemkin’s research. Twenty-two countries, 43 U.S. states, including North Carolina, a vast majority of genocide scholars and countless human rights organizations have since agreed with Lemkin, and recognized the heinous crimes against the Armenians as genocide. Today, Lemkin must be turning in his grave. The same university that once welcomed Lemkin

will soon play host to Tennessee Tech Professor Michael Gunter, whose works dismiss the “alleged genocide” of the Armenians. Professor Gunter will present a lecture, “Turkish-Armenian Conflict: A Historical Perspective,” on Saturday, January 24th. Gunter’s timing could not be more inauspicious. We will commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide on April 24th, three months to the day of Gunter’s visit. Specious arguments abound in Gunter’s works. For example, he argues that because some Armenians living in western Turkey were spared deportation, what happened to the Armenians in the east could not have possibly been genocide. “Is it possible,” Gunter writes, “to imagine Hitler sparing any Jews in Berlin, Munich, or Cologne from his genocidal rampage...?” Here Gunter makes the fallacy of assuming that every genocide must match the logistical caliber of Hitler’s Final Solution. Gunter also elects to ignore the UN Genocide Convention’s official definition of genocide as an act with the “intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group.” Denial marks the ultimate stage of genocide, a victory lap for genocide’s perpetrators. Denial is not limited to erasing victims’ names from the history books—it also means sweeping their footprints from the sands of Deir ez-Zor, denying their suffering a place in our collective memory. Inviting a prominent genocide denier to our campus goes against Duke’s stated “commitment to learning, freedom and truth.” It gives Professor Gunter’s positions legitimacy they do not deserve, spreads misinformation about one of the greatest atrocities of the 20th century and tarnishes Duke’s proud legacy of human rights scholarship and activism. Elie Wiesel once said of his experience in the Holocaust, “In the place that I come from, society was composed of three simple categories: the killers, the victims, and the bystanders.” By hosting Gunter and legitimizing his denialist views—warped interpretations of history that re-frame a one-sided extermination campaign as the ambiguous “Turkish-Armenian Conflict”—Duke is acting as a bystander to genocide. Therefore, we ask Duke to rescind Gunter’s invitation. Furthermore, we call on the university to issue a statement formally recognizing the Armenian Genocide. Duke must honor Lemkin’s legacy. Otherwise, Duke’s indifference will make it an accomplice in one of the 20th century’s greatest crimes. Stephen Ghazikhanian is a Trinity junior. Mathew King is a Trinity freshman.

The Chronicle

www.dukechronicle.com commentary

A call to affiliated upperclassmen

ecruitment season on campus is about to come to a close for Greek life and SLGs, leaving many students with voices inaudible above a whisper and a deep desire for nothing but their pillows after a marathon of all-nighters having nothing to do with homework... Most articles with a leading sentence such as this one would normally begin giving the new incoming members advice right about now, but I am going to switch things up and give advice to those who have already had a year or more with their organization. I want each of you to remember what it was like on your own bid day walking into a room of your new sisters, brothers and affiliates. Recall what it was like to only have had a single semester under your belt— less than four months to establish yourself and find your place on campus. Remember how intimidating you found the older peers within your organization?

Cara Peterson IT’S CALLED A “VICTORY LAP” Your excitement to meet new people and make this place your home? I want you to remember what you were hoping for from the upperclassmen in that moment, and I want you to be that for the current incoming underclassmen now that the roles have been reversed. As an older student, it is easy to forget that we possess one of the world’s greatest super powers— the ability to make those that look up to us feel really good about themselves with little to no effort on our part. Often it just takes a lunch invite, a compliment on a recent achievement or generally taking someone under our wing. Do not let that superpower go to waste—particularly in an environment like Duke, which can break down younger students trying to figure out how to redefine their identities in such a new, competitive, over-achieving context. Think of the struggles you went through early on in your Duke career, and perhaps are still fighting now, and do not be afraid to share what you have learned from those experiences with them. To me, this is at the core of truly effective mentorship—not simply giving advice or lending a listening ear—but sharing your own vulnerabilities so that those who look up to you are able to realize they do not have to be flawless to be considered successful. They can make blunders and still be someone others look up to. I think this is a concept that is particularly difficult for most young women of our generation to understand, especially when considering that recent studies have found that women tend to leave college with less self-esteem than they came in with. I could spend plenty of time speculating on why this is, but I would rather draw attention to the harm-

ful consequences that can follow as a result. For example, upon entering the job market, women with same level credentials as men are much less likely to feel as qualified to go after certain job positions—which also means they are less likely to apply for these positions and subsequently less likely to move their careers forward as quickly. Women are also much more likely to experience what Dr. Peggy McIntosh calls “Imposter Syndrome,” or feeling like a fraud when praised for accomplishments. Author of Lean In Sheryl Sandberg notes, “Instead of feeling worthy of recognition, [we] feel undeserving and guilty, as if a mistake has been made.” I believe this comes from not having enough female mentors to ease us into new roles and challenges. Without anyone to consult, it is easy to feel like making a single blunder means you are not good enough to be where you are, instead of focusing on all the things you have done right that prove you are more than qualified. I think this is because we tend to fall into the trap of the effortless perfection myth or the having-it-all myth. We assume that, in order to succeed, we must be the exception to the rule and that, in order to be the exception, we can be nothing less than perfect. We evaluate ourselves like an exam where we start with 100 points and each time we get a question wrong, our score goes down. Instead, we should be scoring ourselves more like a basketball game where we are constantly putting points on the board. Maybe we miss a lay-up every now and then, but we always have the opportunity to steal the ball back. There is fluidity and momentum in this view, rather than staggering fear of making one wrong move that I think many bright young women on this campus run into at one point or another. Because we tend to have less female mentors— and for females of color this becomes even more of an issue—in positions of power, this makes sororities and SLGs all the more important for supplying examples of powerful female leaders and mentors. Mentorship imparts a way of seeing oneself on to the mentee—and the way one sees oneself then impacts identity, which impacts self worth, which impacts things like sense of personal agency, the standards to which one holds oneself and the types of love one accepts from others. If we, as upperclassmen, only put forth the vibe that we have always had everything figured out, those who look up to us will assume that because they do not have everything figured out that they cannot accomplish what we have accomplished. So the next time you see or hang out with your newly affiliated group members, I urge you to be fully and completely yourself. It may leave you feeling a bit exposed at times, but ultimately it gives others permission to feel comfortable enough to be fully themselves as well—and what greater gift can you offer than that?

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Cara Peterson is a Trinity senior. Her column runs every Wednesday.

THURSDAY, JANUARY 22, 2015 | 15

Loaded questions, loaded answers

“

How were your holidays?” The question permeates across our lunch table the day after break, but it’s quite a loaded question these days. I usually do my best to pose the question in a politically correct manner, as I am so accustomed to. There is a tendency to ask “did you have a good Christmas?” but I know as well as anyone that not everyone has a Christmas tree. I myself have a menorah perched on the table next to our—albeit, nearly dead—Christmas tree, hung with mini versions of the Qua’ran I’ve collected during summers in the Middle East. My family is untraditional in its practices, to say the least. So we take turns telling stories of our days off and our celebrations with family. I launch into a thorough description of the oil-dripping latkes smothered in applesauce, which of course I did not seek in moderation, and a friend follows up with a description of her time gathering together with her Mormon church. And while the rest of us listen attentively, you look confused, skeptical, and dare-I-say disapproving, when we provide descriptions of religious traditions that do not

Julia Janco ADDING IT ALL UP match your own. I could be surprised by your reaction but we all know it’s not uncommon. And unfortunately, your disapproving look is not one that foreign to any of us. I’ve seen it before. Back home, you told my friend it was in her best interest not to date that Jewish boy. In Europe, you made hurtful comments toward a Mormon friend preparing for his mission. In Durham, you advocated hatred and bigotry in light of a movement to help Muslims feel more welcome on Duke’s campus. In Nashville, you called Islam “an absolute danger” to our nation. Religion is personal, a choice to practice and believe and worship and pray as you see fit. It’s a choice to celebrate Christmas, to light the menorah, to fast during Ramadan, to turn and face Mecca when you kneel down to pray. Just as it is the choice of my friends and I to date whoever we choose, worship as we choose, live as we choose, and our decisions are not made available for your scrutiny. As I look around our campus on this blistery day, I’m proud of a university that promotes the freedom to make those choices. I see that at our very core, this university represents and commits itself to diversity. My classmates hail from countries you’ve never heard of, practice customs I’m honored to learn more about. We have cultural dances, shows, spectacles and religious centers that have always welcomed anyone, of any background, to sit around a table like ours, sharing a meal. As a university, we have committed ourselves to this diversity, committed ourselves to accepting it, cherishing it and promoting it, which was proven most recently by a movement for the Muslim call to prayer to be held from our own chapel. So you were surprised, weren’t you? Because even I—the Christmas celebrating, latke eating, Ramadan fasting in the Middle East, girl—was surprised by the overwhelming words of tolerance and acceptance spread far and wide recently. When 500 Duke students, with signs affirming “I’ll pray with you” gathered peacefully in front of the chapel— our chapel—to support our Muslim community. When Vanderbilt students protested the hate speech of their own professor. The Facebook statuses of my Christian friends, reminding their religious communities not to limit another’s religious freedoms. The Pope’s words following the recent Charlie Hebdo attacks—“You cannot provoke. You cannot insult the faith of others. You cannot make fun of the faith of others.” They are encouraging words and signs of acceptance amidst the bigotry, hatred, and intolerance, sentiments we hear all too often these days. So how were your holidays? Maybe it’s a loaded question, but I hope one day you’ll realize there aren’t right answers. Julia Janco is a Trinity senior. Her column runs every other Thursday.

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16 | THURSDAY, JANUARY 22, 2015

Duke in Berlin

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