February 23, 2016

Back on the sidelines

Impact of Scalia’s death

Former Duke standout Nolan Smith has joined the coaching staff as a special assistant | Sports Page 6

Professors are divided on how the Supreme Court justice’s death will affect the election | Page 3

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TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016

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ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVENTH YEAR, ISSUE 81

SLG housing trades coming in 2016-17

Califf closer to approval as FDA head Vir Patel The Chronicle

Dr. Robert Califf, former vice chancellor of clinical and translational research, has moved further down the path to becoming the commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration after a Monday procedural vote in the U.S. Senate ended debate on his nomination.

Nominated for the position in September by President Barack Obama, Califf attended a series of hearings with congressional committees and meetings with individual Senate members to assess his qualifications. In early January, the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions unanimously approved Califf’s nomination, which has historically indicated that the voting process for nomination will quickly proceed on the Senate floor.

Some congressional leaders have expressed concerns about Califf, however, citing reasons ranging from his previous ties with pharmaceutical companies while at Duke to his stance on labeling genetically engineered fish. Several senators— including presidential candidate Bernie Sanders—had placed a hold on his nomination, indicating that

Graphic by Carolyn Sun | The Chronicle

Sydney Sarachek The Chronicle After the first full year of the new housing quotas for selective living groups on campus, the fraternity Delta Sigma Phi and the SLG Nexus will trade sections, and the sorority Gamma Phi Beta will get its own on-campus section next year.

Delta Sigma Phi will relocate into Nexus’ Central Campus section on 1911 Erwin, and Nexus will take Delta Sigma Phi’s place in Craven B Quadrangle on West Campus. Gamma Phi Beta

See CALIFF on Page 4

will become the only sorority to have a section on West Campus when it moves into Edens 3A—currently occupied by the fraternity Sigma Pi. The sorority submitted its application to become a selective living group in Fall 2013. Its president, junior Zoe Lipman, declined to comment.

“Although West Campus has always had a special place in our heart as a chapter we agreed it was time to move due to our larger numbers and the size our current section,” wrote junior Max Nides, president of Delta Sigma Phi, in an email. “Due to Nexus’ amazing location it was an opportunity we simply

couldn’t pass up.”

Sigma Pi does not have enough members to keep its section, explained President of Sigma Pi Matt Plaut, a junior.

“We’re a relatively small, tightly-knit community, and while our members and I love this about our group, it unfortunately is not the best fit with our rather large section,” said senior Cullen Burling, executive chair of Nexus.

Dean for Residential Life Joe Gonzalez said that Housing, Dining and Residence Life offers selective living groups the option of trading sections every academic See SLG HOUSING on Page 5

Pi Kappa Alpha raising money to support cancer research, brothers Samantha Neal The Chronicle

Special to The Chronicle Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity brothers have raised more than $30,000 for cancer research and programs at Duke Children’s Hospital using a GoFundMe page.

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To support two brothers recently diagnosed with cancer, Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity has raised more than $30,000 for cancer research and programs at Duke Children’s Hospital.

Junior Petros Palandjian—president of Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity—and senior Will Clark have led the efforts to raise money on behalf of junior Mark Schreiber and freshman Bobby Menges.

The GoFundMe page raised $10,000 in the first seven hours after it was created and $20,000 in the first 24 hours of its activity. An additional $3,000 were raised through an auction at Devine’s Restaurant

Serving the University since 1905

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and Sports Bar Thursday.

“We had a lot of support off the bat,” Palandjian said. “It affects everyone in different ways, and it’s been cool to see how everyone wants to get involved.”

In addition to the ongoing online fundraising efforts, the fraternity will be hosting events throughout the week, including a bake sale and t-shirt sale. Pi Kappa Alpha will hold a barbecue outside their section in Craven Quadrangle Friday during which approximately 45 brothers plan to shave their heads in solidarity with Schreiber and Menges.

Schreiber, who was diagnosed with brain cancer during winter break, said

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See FUNDRAISER on Page 5 © 2015 The Chronicle

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Alumna Gordon explains role as leader in intelligence agency reach that they could never have before where the oceans were an incredible buffer. I think what’s interesting about this world is just the fluid nature of it and the number of factions that can have power without land and reach that extends their border. I think we do an awfully good job as a nation protecting the American people, but it’s a dangerous world and it’s not just in terms of physical danger but economic danger as well. I don’t think it’s overblown but it is interesting that there is more to the complexity of the relationships.

Adam Beyer The Chronicle Sue Gordon, deputy director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, spoke last week as part of a Women in National Security panel about the importance of technology in intelligence and of public-private partnerships. The Chronicle’s Adam Beyer sat down with Gordon, Trinity ’80, to discuss her transition from Duke into the field of national security.

The Chronicle: Could you talk about what you see as the role of the NGA within the broader national security apparatus?

Sue Gordon: The intelligence community has 16 agencies, but there are five big ones: CIA, NSA, DIA, NRO, and the NGA. Each one kind of has a special responsibility but as a collective, our job is to know the truth, to be able to see beyond the horizon and be able to allow enough information to act on foreign intelligence.

NGA has a particular responsibility for having command of geospatial information. It is two things: it is imagery of the earth from space—typically but not exclusively—and then mapping, geography, cartography.

Q & A

TC: How do you advise young people who are interested in going into national security fields, particularly young women?

SG: I’m a public servant at heart. I love serving my country. I love doing something bigger than yourself, so what is great about a career in national security is that number one, it is the most challenging, purposeful job you can ever imagine. To be part of the machine that figures out how you affect that purpose is pretty exciting because it’s big, but it’s unknown. So if you’re like me and you want to solve problems and have room to create something, within that context of

TC: What is the biggest thing you learned over your career and what did you not know when graduating Duke that you wished you knew?

SG: Number one is you’re not stuck with the knowledge you have right now. Your career and life are so much longer than you think they will be. The second is don’t decide ahead of time what you can’t do. One of the things I find about young people is that many think when it gets hard, it means they’re not supposed to do it. It’s all hard.

Sanjeev Dasgupta | The Chronicle Any accomplishment is difficult and so Sue Gordon (left) played on Duke’s women’s basketball team before graduating in 1980. She spoke when you want to take something on and it gets hard, that usually means you about her role as deputy director of one of the biggest intelligence agencies last Thursday. are doing the right thing. I wish I had great purpose is the opportunity to make things that do not put public service in understood how important it is to be a a difference. a great light, whether it’s the Snowden decision maker. You have to practice that And the last thing I’ll say is you incident or cheating at the IRS or any early because there will come a day when typically get opportunity through of the things that you hear. There’s a 10,000 women and men are trusting responsibility really early. You get to feel little bit more of a you, they’re folding the weight, and if I were talking to any drumbeat questioning their hands, and his is a really group of students I would say, “If I’ve the integrity of you’re jumping into the abyss and you have had success, the key is to feel the weight government, which I dangerous world— early, to take on hard jobs as early as you worry makes people to be good enough to it’s in flux. can. Fail as early as you can when there have a very skewed learn how make that are people around you who will protect view of what it really is.

— Sue Gordon decision, because if you it from being too big.” And for women, But we don’t seem to wait there won’t be any progress. when I started, I was in an office of about have trouble attracting 700 people who did technical analysis of young people. It still is a mission for foreign weapons systems and there were people who are looking to change the TC: Do you still keep up with the three professional women out of 700. If world to have a venue to do it. [women’s] basketball team since you you walk down the halls today, it’s going played for Duke?

SG: I do. All my girls. All the girls I played to be pretty much 50-50.

TC: There’s a lot of fear in America right with are still a really tight group. We come TC: Do you think students today have now. Do you think that’s warranted? a different vision of themselves in relation SG: I think this is a really dangerous back all the time. We’re like any set of old to public service? world—it’s in flux. You have weapons and alums, you know cheering and then judging SG: I think there have been a lot of technology that allow countries to have them as if we were as good as they are.

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Professors project impact of Scalia’s death on election Sarah Kerman The Chronicle Political science professors questioned how Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia’s death impacts electoral politics in a panel discussion Monday.

The panel featured professors with backgrounds in American politics and constitutional law including John Aldrich, Pfizer-Pratt university professor of political science; David Rohde, Ernestine Friedl professor of political science; and Neil Siegel, David W. Ichel professor of law. Ruth Grant, professor of political science and philosophy, moderated the discussion.

The panelists explained that Scalia’s death has posed unique strategic challenges for both the Republican and Democratic parties in the midst of a polarized presidential election cycle, because any potential nominees could attain significant influence on future court opinions. Aldrich spoke about how uncertainty in terms of what ideological direction the Supreme Court will take is mirrored by the potential for ideological change during the upcoming presidential and congressional elections.

“The reason this is a potentially interesting conundrum is that this year all three of these major institutions are up for grabs in terms of what direction they will go,” Aldrich said. “That doesn’t happen very often.”

Scalia’s funeral was held in Washington Saturday after he passed away Feb. 13. The panelists discussed how President Barack Obama might go about making a strategic nomination to fill Scalia’s spot, and how Republicans in the Senate might respond

to any potential nominations.

The panelists focused on several questions—including what kind of justice Obama will nominate, the relative likelihood of that nomination being approved by the Republican-controlled Senate and how this nomination process influences the 2016 presidential election.

Rohde pointed out that Republican Sen. Mitch McConnell was quick to state that Obama should not appoint a new justice and should instead leave the decision up to the next president. He explained that the partisan conflict over the decision of whether or not to nominate a justice leads to the current division in public opinion about the issue.

“We live in a polarized America by party, and this issue strongly relates to the kinds of policies party activists want to see enacted and they recognize the influence of the Supreme Court for that—so we start with a lot of conflict,” Rohde said.

Aldrich and Rohde characterized the decision of who to nominate as an urgent choice for Democrats because of the looming uncertainty of who a Republican president would nominate.

Both professors explained that a Democratic nominee would likely be someone overly qualified to get past the nomination process.

“It’s very likely to affect spillover into electoral politics and that’s unusual,” Aldrich said. “We’re likely to see a great deal of campaigning that is related to the issue of the Supreme Court.”

Rohde said that the Democrats may use the vacancy to relate to policy issues as a method of encouraging voter turnout among black voters, in an attempt to attain similar turnout to what Obama received among that

Photo Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Three political science professors went back and forth about the implications of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia’s death, with one questioning its long-term impact.

demographic in 2012.

Siegel on the other hand, did not place as strong of an emphasis on the decision.

“This idea that right now we’re deciding the fate of the Supreme Court for generations I think is overwhelmingly likely to be untrue,” Siegel said.

He explained that regardless of whether the current vacancy is filled, the next president and the next Senate will have relatively more influence in deciding what the court is going to look like.

“It’s not just going to be based on this vacancy—this could last a year or two,” Siegel said. “Justice Ginsburg is 82 years old, Justice Kennedy is 79 years old,

Justice Breyer is 77 years old, so what do you think the chances are that the next president and the next Senate is going to consider the possibility of replacing one of them?”

Senior Molly Walker wrote in an email that it was valuable to hear this variation in viewpoint about the relative level of influence of the next nominee.

“Hearing Professor Siegel’s assessment of the vacancy as one that has had its significance ‘overstated’ by the media put the current debate into context by highlighting the inevitable vacancies that are likely to occur in the coming years,” Walker wrote.

ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW OF THE REV. DR. LUKE A. POWERY DEAN, DUKE UNIVERSITY CHAPEL

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eviews of senior administrators of the University are performed on a regular cycle and administered through the work of a committee that is charged with conducting the review, summarizing input, and preparing a confidential report. Typically, these reviews occur in the fourth year of the administrator’s five-year term. President Richard Brodhead has convened a committee to review the Reverend Dr. Luke A. Powery, Dean, Duke University Chapel, who has served in his post since 2012. Caroline Haynes, Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences in the School of Medicine, is chairing the committee; other members are: Zoila Airall (Student Affairs), Ray Barfield (School of Medicine; Divinity School), Sujin Pak (Divinity School), Whitney Schwab (Duke Chapel Congregation), Michael Somich (Audit, Risk and Compliance), Ashley Crowder Stanley (Trustee), and Norman Wirzba (Divinity School).

An important part of the review process is the gathering of input from the University’s many constituencies. Comments on performance and suggestions for the future are important to the committee’s work. The committee invites you to share your thoughts by email or letter, or communicate orally to any committee member. Communication should include the nature of your interactions with Dr. Powery and his team in order to understand the context of your comments as fully as possible.

The committee will discuss responses and a summary will be included in the written report to the President. The committee will hold all communication in strict confidence.

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CALIFF from page 1 they intended to filibuster a vote.

Despite the controversy, many Duke faculty and administrative leaders have remained steadfast in their support for Califf.

“It looks to me as though the controversy is centered around the extensive industry contracts that [Califf] has had until now as opposed to his vision that the future of research and drug development is going to be collaboration with the industry,” said Lawrence Baxter, William B. McGuire professor of the practice of law. “There’s a lot to be gained by academics being immersed in what the companies are doing and a lot to be gained by companies in sponsoring what academics do. I think the real key is looking at safeguards to protect the public.”

Monday’s Senate vote was 80-6 in Califf’s favor, ending opponents’ ability to filibuster the nomination and easily Photo Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons clearing the 60-vote threshold he needed. Those who Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders is among the group of oppose Califf now will only have at most 30 hours of senators trying to block former Duke administrator Robert speaking time to explain why they want to block him.

Califf from leading the FDA.

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The Chronicle Michael Gerhardt, Samuel Ashe distinguished professor in constitutional law at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Law, noted in an email that the majority leader can slightly delay a final vote after the cloture is obtained but cannot postpone the vote indefinitely. The final vote could come as soon as Tuesday.

The vote will likely not be divided along partisan lines, as both Democrats and Republicans have expressed dissatisfaction with Califf. Sen. Edward Markey has placed a hold Califf’s nomination in order to force the FDA to reconsider its stance on the opiate approval process and Sen. Lisa Murkowski has similarly done so for his stance on genetically modified fish labeling. Sanders has expressed concerns primarily about Califf’s consulting experience and role in recruiting pharmaceutical funding while at Duke.

“Dr. Califf’s extensive ties to the pharmaceutical industry give me no reason to believe that he would make the FDA work for ordinary Americans, rather than just the CEOs of pharmaceutical companies,” Sanders noted in a statement.

Sen. Elizabath Warren also expressed disapproval of Califf’s nomination in November, saying Califf, a cardiologist by training, is too connected to the pharmaceutical industry. Soon after the HELP Committee’s approval of the nomination, however, she reversed her position, stating she was “satisfied that [Califf] has conducted himself with integrity as an academic researcher.”

Baxter said that the concerns of legislators like Sanders and Warren center around the concept of regulatory capture, a situation in which an industry has undue influence on its regulators. Worries about regulatory capture in the United States government grew significantly after the financial crisis of 2008, he explained.

“In my personal opinion, I don’t think we can avoid a very substantial degree of industry influence because we need experts,” Baxter said. “Only someone who understands the whole process of drug approval is going to be able to run the FDA in a sensible fashion.”

During the committee hearing Nov. 17, Sen. Lamar Alexander, chair of the HELP committee, questioned Califf on a variety of topics, such as whether pharmaceutical companies should be allowed to advertise unofficial uses of their drugs under the first amendment and how the FDA should implement its regulations in auditing private pharmaceutical companies.

Alexander also asked Califf about his stance on how regulation might impede innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, claiming that a lecture Califf gave in 2014 described regulation as a “barrier to disruptive innovation innovation.” In response, Califf was adamant in stating that regulation is critical to the process of developing medicine.

“I have never stated, implied, or argued that the barrier should be lowered or removed, ” Califf replied.

“The belief that we should have evidence of benefits and risks before marketing in health care has been a driving force in my career and a motivation to develop more effective, efficient and unbiased ways of conducting generalizable clinical trials and implementing quality systems for learning in health care as a focus of my academic and practical work.”

Dr. Ross McKinney Jr., chair of Duke’s Conflict of Interest Committee and professor of pediatrics, wrote in an email that the Research Integrity Office takes a wide range of steps to ensure that the University’s researchers are not influenced by pharmaceutical interests.

“In order to assure consistency with mission, the Office of Corporate Research Collaborations, run by Gavin Foltz [associate dean and executive director of the Office of Corporate Research Collaborations], reviews the projects and signs [each funding] contract for Duke, McKinney explained. “The faculty member does not sign—the project is with Duke, not the individual.”

McKinney also noted that the University is continually aware of the consulting contracts many medical faculty have with the pharmaceutical industry and wrote that the RIO is generally in favor of such relationships.

Duke faculty such as Califf are allowed to spend one day a week consulting with private companies and are required to disclose their relationship once they receive $5,000 in consulting fees, McKinney said. Faculty are also restricted in their ability to serve as a principal investigator at Duke once they receive more than $25,000, he added.

McKinney noted Califf followed the University’s guidelines during his time at Duke.

“We were very aware of Dr. Califf’s consulting with the pharmaceutical industry,” he wrote. “He kept us informed and at no time crossed any lines in the nature of how he balanced his Duke professional role and the consulting work he did with industry.”

The Chronicle

FUNDRAISER from page 1 that he was moved by the support he has received from current brothers, alumni, other organizations on campus and parents.

“It’s hard to not have a positive outlook when people have your back and really care about you,” Schreiber said.

“I can’t tell you how much it means to me.”

Menges was diagnosed with neuroblastoma—which he had first when he was five years old and again when he was nine—but said that the peer support from his fraternity brothers, especially his pledge class, has made this recurrence distinct.

“My pledge class made this card for me with individual notes and inside jokes,” Menges said. “It seems simple, but it really meant a lot to me. I still have the card hanging in my room.”

The fundraising efforts have started to expand beyond Duke to local and national levels, Palandjian said. He noted that 25 other chapters of Pi Kappa Alpha have provided support, and said some small businesses have contributed as well.

SLG HOUSING from page 1 year—changes did not occur in previous years because the office has not been able to find a mutual match to switch housing. This year, junior George Mellgard, Duke Student Government vice president for residential life, also assisted in the process.

Early on in the school year, Nexus reached out to HDRL expressing their desire to trade to a smaller house, Gonzalez explained.

“Rather than trying to compromise our identity to fill these beds, we decided it was probably best to downsize and look for a section that could better suit our needs,” Burling explained, noting that the new Residential Group Assessment Committee rules made it impossible for Nexus to meet the newly instituted quota guidelines for selective living groups with just their members.

Initially, Nexus proposed to swap sections with Delta Delta Delta on Central, but ultimately, Delta Delta Delta was not able to swap housing, Gonzalez said. Shortly after, HDRL heard that Delta Sigma Phi was interested in moving from West Campus to Central Campus, and the leaders of both groups spoke about the prospect of switching houses.

“Delta Sigma Phi seemed to have the opposite problem we did,” Burling said. “We had too many beds for our members and they had too many members for their beds.”

Both Delta Sigma Phi and Nexus mutually agreed to the switch and voted within their groups to swap houses.

“A move to West was originally not on our radar since our members were used to living the Central life,” Burling said. “But, after thinking it through our members decided that the benefits the move would provide outweighed any attachment to Central.”

Gonzalez reached out to both groups after they agreed to the switch to make sure all members in each group were made aware of of the decision.

“It was shared with me that both groups [Nexus and Delta Sigma Phi] had extensive, healthy debates about if they should trade houses,” Gonzalez wrote in an email.

No renovations need to be done for the move to take place. HDRL will coordinate moving items in the common rooms that are specific to the two groups.

New selective living groups must apply to be approved

by HDRL and are not granted a house unless the house’s current group leaves, Gonzalez explained. The opening in Edens 3A occurred when Sigma Pi lost its status as a selective living group.

The trade between Delta Sigma Phi and Nexus and the addition of housing for Gamma Phi Beta come as the first significant changes to selective living group assignment in the past several years. The most recent trades took place in Fall 2011, when Jam! and The Cube switched houses, as did Delta Sigma Phi and Chi Psi. Gonzalez wrote in an email that HDRL approved both trades before the groups had to move into the sections they had been originally assigned to.

Burling was optimistic about the prospects for community that Nexus’ move will bring.

“Once we are in a more appropriately sized section and can more reliably fill that section with our members, we can turn our focus to building our organization in other ways,” Burling said. “West will obviously be a different experience than Central, but we’re really excited for what the future holds.”

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TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 | 5

As a result of the response that the GoFundMe page or adult cases. has received, the goal—which started as $10,000— “It can be such a disruptive thing in your life. You’re has been increased multiple times, not supposed to get cancer when Schreiber said. As of Monday night, young,” Schreiber said. “There’s ou’re not supposed you’re the page had almost 400 donations a lot of resources aimed toward really to get cancer when and 2,000 shares. young kids, and there are a lot of other Palandjian noted that he is optimistic you’re young. resources aimed for adults, but they Schreiber will beat his cancer. don’t really know where to put us.”

— Mark Schreiber “He’s a pretty special kid and insanely Both Schreiber and Menges are smart,” Palandjian said. “He’s one of the taking medical leave from Duke this toughest kids I know. We know he’s going semester to receive treatment close to overcome this, and that’s always been my attitude.” to home at Stanford University Medical Center and Palandjian said that he first met Menges during the pre- Winthrop University Hospital in New York, respectively. orientation program Project Waves, and he immediately Palandjian said that members of the fraternity have found him outgoing and funny. remained in contact with both throughout the process “I remember visiting him in the hospital the day he and Menges will be visiting campus for the event Friday was diagnosed, and he was sitting there cracking jokes,” and a group of brothers will be visiting Schreiber during Palandjian said. spring break.

Schreiber said that the fraternity decided to donate “We feel like a family in a large part,” Palandjian said. the money raised to Duke Children’s Hospital to support “[A fraternity] is supposed to be about getting through cancer patients between the ages of 15 and 29—like things together, and it’s always weird having someone himself and Menges—who cannot be treated as pediatric who’s not here.”

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WOMEN’S BASKETBALL

BLUE DEVILS CAN’T CATCH A BREAK

Hampered with injuries yet again, beat-up Blue Devils trying to make case for NCAA tournament Ben Feder The Chronicle Another injury. Another star player forced to sit on the bench—this time, Azurá Stevens. Every time a key player went down, Duke had always found a way to trudge on and survive.

But this year is different. Stevens—the Blue Devils’ leading scorer and rebounder at 19.1 points and 9.4 rebounds per game— has been sidelined with a torn plantar fascia since suffering the injury Feb. 1 against No. 3 Notre Dame and has missed Duke’s last six games. Ordinarily, other role players have been able to step up in past years when a star has been put on the shelf, allowing the Blue Devils to weather season-ending knee injuries to point guard Chelsea Gray in 2013 and 2014 and a season-ending ACL tear to former floor general Alexis Jones in 2014 to remain in the upper echelon of the polls for 16 straight years.

Except this year, the injury bug has turned into an epidemic, with Blue Devils going down left and right. Throw in three transfers in the past four years—Sierra Moore to Penn State in 2012 and Kianna Holland and Sierra Calhoun to Ohio State in 2013 and 2014, respectively—and the absence of junior forward Kendall Cooper from campus this semester, and Duke head coach Joanne P. McCallie is running out of players to put on the court.

With sharp-shooter Rebecca Greenwell, Oderah Chidom, Amber Henson, Crystal Primm, Angela Salvadores and Faith Suggs all laboring through injuries Sunday against Georgia Tech, the Blue Devils look

Jesús Hidalgo | The Chronicle Azurá Stevens (second from right) and Haley Gorecki (right) are two of the numerous Blue Devils to suffer injuries this season.

like a team who has just emerged from a 12-round boxing match.

“You can’t worry about what you don’t control, but I wrote the list out today, and it’s long,” McCallie said. “We’ve had very few years here where we’ve had an injury-free season. We’re looking forward to that next year—obviously, we can’t have that this year.

But this is the thing: I’ve been coaching for 24 years and I’ve never, ever had the type of

injuries as we’ve had this year.”

During the course of Sunday’s 64-59 loss to the Yellow Jackets—a loss that put Duke squarely on the precipice of missing the NCAA tournament for the first time since 1994—six of the nine available Blue Devils either grabbed at a body part in pain or hobbled off the court due to injury. In a short time span to start the second half, three different Duke players had to be helped to

the sidelines, and the Blue Devils eventually ran out of gas down the stretch.

Already with a limited bench due to Stevens’ foot injury—the 6-foot-6 forward is listed as “day-to-day” but has missed three weeks of action—redshirt freshman Lynée Belton’s season-ending surgery to repair a torn meniscus and Haley Gorecki’s seasonSee INJURY BUG on Page 8

MEN’S BASKETBALL

Nolan Smith joins Duke staff as special assistant Staff Reports The Chronicle On the same day Duke head coach Mike Krzyzewski said he expected key backcourt cogs Matt Jones and Derryck Thornton to play Thursday against Florida State, he also added another guard to the bench—this one to his coaching staff.

Former Blue Devil star Nolan Smith will join Krzyzewski’s staff as a special assistant effective immediately, the team announced Monday, launching his coaching career after a handful of seasons in the NBA and D-League.

“This is a terrific addition to the Duke basketball staff,” Krzyzewski said in a press release. “Nolan Smith is a true champion and a consummate example of the type of young man we strive to have in our program.

It’s exciting to be part of his journey toward

becoming a coach, and we’re so proud to have him on our staff.”

Smith played under Krzyzewski in Durham from 2007-11, earning first-team All-American and ACC Player of the Year honors as a senior.

The Upper Marlboro, Md., native was part of the Blue Devil team that captured the program’s fourth national championship in 2010 in Indianapolis.

The hire was first reported by Steve Wiseman of the Durham Herald-Sun. Smith will now get a chance to work alongside Jon Scheyer—his teammate from the 2010 championship squad—who was hired as a special assistant for the 2013-14 season and now serves as an assistant coach.

According to the press release, Smith will begin participating in staff meetings, developing game strategy and breaking down See SMITH on Page 9

Chronicle File Photo Former Duke guard Nolan Smith will start his coaching career on the Blue Devil bench as a special assistant, effective immediately, the program announced Monday.

The Chronicle

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MEN’S BASKETBALL

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 | 7

COLUMN

Jones, Thornton expected to play Thursday Enjoying the underdog Ryan Hoerger The Chronicle

The Blue Devils were left with limited options in the backcourt Saturday at the KFC Yum! Center, turning to walkon Nick Pagliuca in the game’s closing seconds after both Grayson Allen and Luke Kennard fouled out in Duke’s 7164 loss to Louisville.

But reinforcements may be on the way.

Junior Matt Jones and freshman Derryck Thornton are both expected to play Thursday against Florida State, Duke head coach Mike Krzyzewski said on the ACC’s weekly teleconference Monday. Jones suffered a sprained ankle in the first half of the Blue Devils’ win at then-No. 5 North Carolina Wednesday night and sat out of Saturday’s loss, and Thornton suffered a shoulder injury in the second half against the Cardinals as Louisville mounted a comeback.

The Blue Devils did not practice Sunday, but players came in for therapy sessions, leaving Krzyzewski feeling optimistic about their progress.

“Matt’s doing much better,” Krzyzewski said. “Derryck is sore, but there’s no structural damage to his shoulder.”

Jones was ruled out of Saturday’s contest the day before, but progressed quicker than expected and suited up for the game, going through warm-ups

Swart and Brian McAfee making up the weekend rotation. This trio gives the pitching staff a solid foundation, but it is yet to be seen whether the Blue Devils can back that up with solid pitching during mid-week games.

Pollard said that sophomore Jack Labosky will start Tuesday against Campbell, but he will likely go to the bullpen early and throw several different pitchers. Labosky pitched 1 2/3 innings in relief and allowed one earned run Friday night, taking the first loss of his career after going 3-0 with a 2.88 ERA during his freshman campaign.

The Clovis, Calif., native is one of Duke’s

“Duke” and “underdog” are two words usually separated by a litany of terms describing just how the favored and hated Blue Devils came to squash the hopes and dreams of the opposing team—think about the 2010 national title game against tournament sweetheart Butler.

Last week, though, something different happened, something that has been experienced

by Duke basketball fans in tiny pockets of time throughout the past 35 years: Someone upstairs decided it’d be fun to delete all the words between “Duke” and “underdog” except “is the”, and for the first time in this columnist’s memory, the Blue Devils played the role of the punchy, undermanned upstart as though they’d completely forgotten about last year’s success.

To understand just how amazing the past week has been—three wins against ranked teams aside—you need only go back to last year. There were really only two times Duke played or was close to playing as an underdog in 2015—that tends to happen with a roster sporting grown men like Justise Winslow and Jahlil Okafor.

The first came on the road against thenundefeated Virginia. The Blue Devils were playing without Rasheed Sulaimon for the first time and the Cavaliers, as seems to be the trend for Tony Bennett squads nowadays, was among the best teams in the nation. And behind one of the many clutch performances from point guard Tyus Jones, Duke handed Virginia its first defeat—it also handed me a beautiful Sportswrap image, so thanks for that one, Tyus.

But even then, even down a man in Charlottesville, that wasn’t even the closest Duke got to being a real underdog in 2015. No, that moment came when the Blue Devils seemed poised to face then-undefeated Kentucky in the national championship game.

Of course, Wisconsin didn’t let that storyline play out and there went Duke, back to being the college basketball heavyweight waiting to take on the first-time championship challengers. And when the Blue Devils won, the talk of “Eight is enough” gently faded, giving way to the discussion of how one-anddones now reign over the college game. Oh well, I thought, the idea of being an underdog was cute while it lasted.

And then, this year happened. More specifically, the losses happened—six, to be exact. (Seven now, but we’ll get to that.)

The ‘disappointing’ freshmen, the injuries, the North Carolina excellence, it was all almost too much to bear. In my four years here, the ACC campaign had never been so uncertain.

But that’s what made these past four games so special. The wins didn’t come easily, but they also weren’t expected. Normally, those concepts are switched—when fans show up at Cameron Indoor Stadium, they expect their Blue Devils to win. Against the Cardinals and Cavaliers, and especially against the Tar Heels

See BASEBALL on Page 9

See COLUMN on Page 8

Nick Martin

Darbi Griffith | The Chronicle Junior Matt Jones is recovering from a sprained ankle and is expected to play Thursday against Florida State after missing Saturday’s loss at Louisville.

with his teammates before sitting on the sidelines. Thornton left the game with nine minutes to go clutching his right shoulder, but returned to the lineup after Allen fouled out and scored two straight baskets to help trim the Louisville lead to two.

With senior captain Amile Jefferson sidelined by a fractured right foot, Duke has navigated around depth issues throughout ACC play, sticking to a rotation rarely expanding outside of seven players. Heavy minutes have taken their toll on the Blue Devils at

times, leaving Krzyzewski to manage his team carefully for a second straight year.

“This is as tight as we’ve had to walk,” Krzyzewski said. “With youth, number, injuries, it’s probably our most unusual year in that regard.

That’s why I’ve been so pleased with the effort, the cohesiveness [of this group].”

The Blue Devils did not work out Monday and will prepare to take on the Seminoles Thursday at 7 p.m. at Cameron Indoor Stadium.

BASEBALL

Blue Devils take on Fighting Camels Hank Tucker The Chronicle Duke opened its season with a big series win against No. 10 California, but the Blue Devils have no time to rest on their laurels.

After two dramatic walk-off wins to close out the Golden Bears Saturday and Sunday, Duke returns to the diamond Tuesday at 4 p.m. to take on Campbell at the Durham Bulls Campbell Athletic Park. The Blue Devils got strong vs. play in all phases last Duke weekend, but their consistency and TUESDAY, 4 p.m. pitching depth will be Durham Bulls Athletic Park put to the test against the Fighting Camels.

“I told our guys, ‘Enjoy it for the rest of the night.’ That steak should taste a little better, that pasta should taste a little better, but it’s a long, long season,” Duke head coach Chris Pollard said after Sunday’s win. “You have to bury your head in the moment and get right back to work on Tuesday.”

Last weekend, Duke (2-1) relied heavily on freshmen in its lineup, with left fielder Jimmy Herron and shortstop Zack Kone among the early team leaders in hits and batting average.

Freshman designated hitter Griffin Conine also made an impact with the walk-off double Sunday afternoon for the first hit of his career.

These rookies teamed with sophomores Max Miller, Peter Zyla, Ryan Day and Evan

Chronicle File Photo Karl Blum and the Blue Devil bullpen fired six shutout innings Saturday and Sunday to preserve tie games against the Golden Bears.

Dougherty—who hit the game-winning single Saturday—to make up a lineup laden with underclassmen. Junior Cris Perez and redshirt junior Jalen Phillips were the only veteran Blue Devils to step to the plate during the season’s opening weekend, but all 11 players got at least one hit during the series.

“I anticipated it would be a close series because I thought both teams would pitch well,” Pollard said. “Both teams swung it a little better than I thought they would, being this early in the year and the quality of pitching that both teams saw.”

Duke may be young at the plate, but it is very experienced on the mound, with junior Bailey Clark and graduate students Trent

8 | TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016

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Blue Devils Bitten

By The Injury Bug 2011-12 Amber Henson undergoes one of six knee surgeries and plays in eight games.

Record: 27-6 NCAA Elite Eight

2012-13 Star point guard Chelsea Gray suffers a dislocated kneecap, sidelining the standout floor general for the final 11 games.

Henson misses the entire season recovering from knee surgery.

Record: 33-3 NCAA Elite Eight

2013-14

Han Kang | The Chronicle Head coach Joanne P. McCallie has had to watch numerous players go down with serious injuries this season.

INJURY BUG from page 6 ending hip injury sustained in early January, there was not much McCallie could do as the carousel of injured Duke players paraded to and from the scorer’s table.

The players themselves could only look on as their teammates fought to win their final regularseason home game. Suggs prayed from the bench as Salvadores made two free throws to cut Duke’s deficit to three points late in the game. Most of the Blue Devils who needed assistance Sunday were able to return, but Suggs took an elbow to the head and stayed on the sideline for the rest of the game.

“It’s nerve-racking. Obviously we’re already down players before, so we really can’t have anybody going out, so every time anyone goes down on the floor, or somebody knocks into somebody, or what happened with Faith [Sunday], you never hope anything bad happens,” Gorecki said. “For me and Azurá [on the bench], we

The Chronicle always flip out like ‘Please don’t get hurt—we really can’t have that happening right now.’”

McCallie has tried to balance her rotation as best as she can, but with mismatched lineups due to the availability of key players, the Blue Devils have had to cobble together lineups of players who have not had much playing experience together. In past years, McCallie could mitigate the losses of Gray and Jones with the veteran core of Tricia Liston, Haley Peters, Richa Jackson, Elizabeth Williams and others, then watched Stevens shoulder the load when Williams missed three games with a foot injury early last season. But with the onus now primarily falling on Greenwell and Chidom—who are both dealing with ailments of their own—and a freshman-heavy roster, it has been tough sledding for the Blue Devils in ACC play.

Duke heads into its regular-season finale at North Carolina having dropped four of its past five games and struggling to score the ball. The Blue Devils have topped 60 points just twice without Stevens, and though their defense has performed admirably, they have desperately missed her inside presence on the offensive end.

“I think Duke is a really talented team. It’s unfortunate with the amount of injuries they’ve had,” Georgia Tech head coach MaChelle Joseph said Sunday. “You don’t wish that on anybody.”

Many of Duke’s veteran players—namely Henson, Chidom and Greenwell—have all had portions of their time in Durham wiped away due to injury, and have tried to draw on their experiences to help the Blue Devils rebound for the future. With such a young team, there is reason for optimism looking ahead to next season, when McCallie will have both Maryland transfer Lexie Brown and incoming freshman Leaonna Odom at her disposal.

But Duke has not quit on this season, and the leaders are taking it upon themselves to improve heading into Sunday’s key game in Chapel Hill.

“As a veteran player, I need to be able to pick up the slack while other players are out. I need to do what needs to be done.

Just being able to take more control of the game,” Greenwell said. “Whether it’s scoring, rebounding or just being in the right place…and being there for every game.”

Gray suffers a fractured COLUMN from page 7 kneecap in the 17th game of the season. Eleven games later, sophomore on the road, fans were uneasy, to say the least.

Alexis Jones tears her The first two wins were inspiring—Duke deserved to ACL, leaving the Blue beat Louisville and its wild-eyed trainer, though the sense Devils without a true point of magic that enveloped last year’s team showed up late in the game. It’s hard to deny that the ever-so brief flash guard down the stretch. in which Derryck Thornton became the team’s clutchest and most important player didn’t send fans back to the Record: 28-7 days of Jones hitting well-guarded, off-balance baskets late in the shot clock. The Virginia game, I would argue, NCAA Round of 32

2014-15

Star Elizabeth Williams misses games with a foot issue, and freshman Lyneé Belton tears her ACL. Oderah Chidom injures her shoulder and misses the last 11 games.

Record: 23-11 NCAA Sweet 16

2015-16

Azurá Stevens tears her plantar fascia against Notre Dame and has not played since Feb. 1. Freshman Haley Gorecki suffers a hip injury in the ACC opener and Belton tears her meniscus Feb. 11.

Record: 18-11 NCAA: ???

was not a game the Blue Devils deserved to win, but then again, neither did the Cavaliers. The difference wasn’t an extra step on a final shot or any other specific no-call, but it was becoming increasingly clear that this Duke team seemed to enjoy punching up.

The comeback win at North Carolina was special—it was also stunning, gritty and, if you’re a Tar Heel fan, incensing. But watching that game, for fans and detractors alike, was a surreal experience.

All season long, hell, even before the season even started, my friends and I marveled at North Carolina.

The praise turned to jealousy as we quickly realized the 2015-16 Blue Devils were going to be very, very different from the 2014-15 version. And, after watching Brice Johnson do bad, terrible things to Florida State in a MonStar-esque 39-point, 23-rebound effort, I dreaded the upcoming Tobacco Road clash.

But Duke did what every 10-seed and higher tries to do in the NCAA tournament: the Blue Devils hung around.

North Carolina led for 18:56 in the second half, keeping the lead away from Duke thanks in large part to Johnson.

But then the Tar Heels ironically went away from their star forward, squandering their lead away to Grayson Allen, who, at this point, is indeed joining the ranks of the great, hated Duke players to come through Durham.

And then, as all underdog stories eventually do, Duke’s tear came to a sluggish, frustrating halt at Louisville. The Cardinals, the same ones the Blue Devils had managed to outlast just days before, won Saturday’s game simply by

Jesús Hidalgo | The Chronicle Sophomore Grayson Allen and the Blue Devils took on the role of gritty underdog during a tough four-game ACC stretch.

being able to stand longer than Duke’s depleted roster and applying the aggressive defensive pressure that a tired, depth-strapped team could only handle for so long.

But the loss was not deflating, at least not like the previous six. This loss was okay—it was accepted. Frustrating, yes, but after what Allen & Co. had just accomplished, and considering Matt Jones was sporting a smile and sweats for the whole game, the loss probably contained the most encouraging sign to come out of the past four games: The Blue Devils, after three games of playing the underdog, had used everything in the tank. Six players, fighting together as a team, not only willed their team back into the top-15, but inspired a somewhat-lethargic fanbase and gave us a brief glimpse of just how good this team can be.

And just think: If Duke can reel off three straight wins against the nation’s best without a hobbled Jones and no Amile Jefferson, what’s three more come March?

The Chronicle

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TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 | 9

BASEBALL from page 7 most versatile players, starting most games at third base or as the designated hitter when he is not on the mound.

Labosky will have his work cut out for him against the Fighting Camels (2-1), who took two of three games against Miami (Ohio) to start their season and are two years removed from a Big South championship and a berth in the NCAA tournament.

“You talk about a team in Campbell that won [41] ballgames a couple years ago, so there’s no complacency and you can’t be victimized by your success. You work hard every day,” Pollard said. “We just have to stay hungry every day, and we have to play with this sense of urgency and this type of competitiveness every single ballgame.”

Last season against Campbell, Duke’s bullpen gave up seven runs in the last seven innings as the Blue Devils coughed up an early 5-0 lead in a 9-6 loss. The defeat came in the middle of a season-long seven-game losing streak and marked Duke’s third straight loss against the Fighting Camels, dating back to 2013. First baseman Matt Parrish and outfielder Brian Taylor drove in three runs apiece in Campbell’s first two games, and catcher J.D. Andreessen smacked a home run in the series finale against the Red Hawks.

The bullpen will have to improve this year if the Blue Devils are to get over the hump against the Fighting Camels, and Duke’s relievers are already off to a good start this season. James Ziemba, Karl Blum and Nick Hendrix led the bullpen to six straight shutout innings in tie games Saturday and Sunday, which bodes well for the Blue Devils’ chances at a third straight win Tuesday.

Jesús Hidalgo | The Chronicle Jon Scheyer began his coaching career as a staff assistant in 2013-14, just like Smith.

SMITH from page 6 film, among other assignments. Smith has been a visible presence in Cameron Indoor Stadium and around Duke’s campus in recent months, as he has been rehabbing an ACL injury at the Duke facilities.

“I’m excited to be joining the Duke men’s basketball staff,” Smith said in the release. “This transition has been natural for me, as it combines my love for basketball and understanding of the game with my passion for mentoring studentathletes. The opportunity to start my coaching career and learn from Coach K is something I couldn’t pass up. As a member of the coaching staff, Duke fans will see the same passion I brought to the program as a player for four years.”

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Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 7,000 past puzzles, nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year).

Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay.

Crosswords for young solvers: nytimes.com/studentcrosswords.

T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

The Chronicle

“

Fixing our prisons

I

n yesterday’s editorial, we offered advice for activists who protested a Greek mixer last Friday and for the students looking onwards and listening. Unfortunately, as the post-protest discussion over social media has demonstrated, the aggressive nature of the demonstration stole attention away from the issue being protested—the state of prisoners’ rights and treatment, particularly in Durham.

One pressing matter regarding prisoner treatment has to do with the unusually strict schedules imposed upon detainees at Durham County Jail. In the past year, the jail instituted a lock-back policy that heavily restricted the amount of time inmates could spend outside of the confinement of their cell or jailhouse workplace. Under the lock-back policy, a large number of inmates was limited to a single two-hour window of free time every other day. After leaving the jail, many of those inmates described how the lock-back policy left them struggling to readjust to the outside world. Other inmates talked about how the unbearable seclusion of lock-back had worsened suicidal thoughts. Although the Durham County Jail has noted that it reports all suicides to the State Bureau of Investigation, it has no policy for reporting attempted suicides, and the large population of the jail means that available mental healthcare is often

onlinecomment “It is clear that this is just an example of Duke students trying to frame and shame others rather than truly wanting to educate them. Duke Enrage has chosen to be reactive rather than proactive in this case, and I believe that it puts their credibility in question.”

— “Duke Alumn” commenting on the Feb. 22 editorial “Growing our activist culture”

LETTERS POLICY The Chronicle welcomes submissions in the form of letters to the editor or guest columns. Submissions must include the author’s name, signature, department or class, and for purposes of identification, phone number and local address.

Letters should not exceed 325 words; contact the editorial department for information regarding guest columns.

The Chronicle will not publish anonymous or form letters or letters that are promotional in nature. The Chronicle reserves the right to edit letters and guest columns for length, clarity and style and the right to withhold letters based on the discretion of the editorial page editor.

Est. 1905

”

Direct submissions to: E-mail: chronicleletters@duke.edu Editorial Page Department The Chronicle Box 90858, Durham, NC 27708 Phone: (919) 684-2663 Fax: (919) 684-4696

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Inc. 1993

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www.dukechronicle.com commentary

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insufficient. The lock-back policy at Durham County Jail has been a focal point for protesters who claim that prison conditions are violations of human rights.

Additionally questions have arisen after recent deaths at the Durham County Jail. According to critics, jail officers are allegedly negligent or slow in responding to prisoner requests for health assistance and fail to fulfill their basic job of keeping prisoners safe for at least a subset of inmates.

Considering the litany of serious problems in

Editorial both the Durham Jail and national prison system, it is unfortunate that Friday’s protest distracted from the prison issue itself with shouting matches and unfounded accusations of illegal prisoner experimentation. It is further a shame that false analogies to the Holocaust were used to advance the position of protesters and instead backfired on the issues. While experiments are conducted on prisoners, the research requires consent and all the same IRB approval processes as the studies we see advertised on campus.

It is altogether too easy to forget that just a couple minutes outside the Duke bubble, if a person is

I

arrested, Durham County Jail is where they will end up. Even for those who do not share protester’s sympathetic motivations for taking up their cause, an ethos of analytic reasoning should still lead to the conclusion that the mistreatment of citizens by their government is unacceptable. Though incarcerated inmates have violated some law, they live in a country in which citizens are endowed with certain protections and ought to be kept safe by officers of that law whether they reside inside or outside of jail.

The way forward is already being paved: locally, advocates for rights have been moving against the lock-back policy for nearly a year and nationally, consciousness is developing to consider the problem of mass incarceration. In order to maintain progress however, substantial discussion on prisoners’ rights and incarceration will need to take place, and for that to occur, every faction of the debate will have to make a contribution. Officers will need to work on ridding themselves of their negative reputation in certain communities; activists will need to put their cause ahead of their emotions and make as clear-headed a case as possible; the rest of us—Duke students, American citizens and all bystanders—will need to face uncomfortable truths and engage in civil conversations to work toward solutions.

To be grateful

’ve been thinking a lot about happiness lately, especially since the What I Be Project and Me Too Monologues have come to campus.

These events bring attention to the important and hard-hitting issues that impact Duke students. I found both of them to be powerful and insightful lenses into the lives of Duke students, and it made me realize that while our campus is a prestigious place to be, that doesn’t necessarily mean that everyone here is happy.

That fact that everyone who goes to Duke isn’t 100 percent happy all the time isn’t that surprising. If you spend more time thinking about how incredible an opportunity it is to receive a

different approaches. It can either be a slight tweak in our internal dialogue such as reminding ourselves of how beautiful the Chapel looks on a sunny day. Or maybe it is being vocal and sharing how grateful we feel or reflecting on the positive things in our life, like Duke basketball beating UNC in that epic standoff.

I hope to put this theory into practice by keeping a “gratitude jar.” It’s a pretty humble mechanism; it is literally a jar that will sit in my room and will eventually be filled with little notes about things I am grateful for. The notes won’t have to be on something hard-hitting like “my Duke experience” or “my family.” It could just be

Shruti Rao TAMING OF THE SHRU college education, to have the luxury of devoting four more years of our lives towards furthering our understanding of the world, you would think that everyone here should be elated. After all, this is a highly ranked, international university.

The students and faculty come from all around the world, and the research is rigorous, covering everything from evolutionary anthropology to behavioral economics. Shouldn’t we all be excited?

Shouldn’t we be striving to make the most of every minute we spend here?

Doing so is far easier said than done. The reality is that Duke can be competitive, overwhelming and stressful. The vast majority of us are in fact extremely grateful for the opportunity to be here.

Still, the realities of being at Duke test us constantly, as evidenced by the common saying, “Duke isn’t a great place to be, it is a great place to be from.”

So how do we appreciate Duke and be happy for what we have, while also being vulnerable and open to the challenges that face us while attending this University?

The science of happiness may have something to offer us. Research shows that happiness is a complex thing—difficult both to describe but also to achieve. It turns out that some people may be genetically engineered to be happier, but that there are also certain techniques and attitudes we can practice to help us along the way.

Studies have explored various approaches, but one 2003 paper suggests that keeping a gratitude journal, something as simple as writing down the things for which one is grateful for a few times a week, can go a long way in increasing life satisfaction.

Simply put, if we focus on the things that make us happy, we will generally become happier.

As Duke students, this can translate into many

that I’m grateful my salmon was cooked all the way through at The Loop or that I got to take a fifteen-minute walk through the Sarah P. Duke Gardens on my way to class.

One of the greatest strengths of this school is the constant self-criticism students are willing to lend. We push our administration to take issues regarding race and gender more seriously, we have extensive conversations about sexual assault and we make it very clear when we are disappointed with Duke, the institution.

In focusing on the flaws of both Duke and ourselves, we may neglect to focus on our own happiness. As students, we should continue to engage in difficult conversations sparked by events like Me Too and What I Be, and we should encourage vulnerability and reflection. However, I worry that if we spend too much time focusing on the difficult and negative experiences in our lives, we endanger our ability to also appreciate everything we have to be grateful for and ultimately our ability to be happy.

The issues the plague Duke students are real.

They are genuine, significant struggles that must be discussed, debated and shared. I believe that our ability to tackle these issues will be strengthened if they are accompanied by reasons to be happy.

The truth is that no matter your social, racial or economic privilege, we all have at least some level of privilege to be able to be here.

So if you’re feeling stressed or anxious, try diverting that energy into thinking about something to be grateful for. Jot it down in a journal or drop an account of a happy moment into a jar. After all, it’s the small things in life that bring us joy.

Shruti Rao is a Trinity sophomore. Her column runs on alternate Tuesdays.

The Chronicle

www.dukechronicle.com commentary

Inequality: now or never

E

conomic inequality is a grand challenge for our generation.

Regardless of where you fall on the political spectrum, it’s impossible to ignore the writing on the wall. The gap between the haves and have-nots is widening. While our proposed solutions may differ, one thing is certain; we must take action.

Unrest is growing. Bernie Sanders is now a viable presidential candidate.

While I do not agree with much of what he says, I commend him for having the guts to question economic orthodoxy. In

the efficiency and intelligence of markets.

Markets will generally deliver an efficient outcome, but not when companies are treated as financial instruments whose sole purpose is producing profit.

The incentives are distorted. It might be satisfying to point the finger at evil “shareholders,” but they’re just individuals acting (mostly) rationally. They’re not the issue. Neither is the market—it’s working the way it’s supposed to. This is the problem: the goals of the players involved are divorced from the broader needs of society.

T

Why I am not feeling the Bern

he 2016 presidential campaign has been full of surprises. Among the greatest is the support Democratic Socialist Bernie Sanders has garnered. Senator Sanders believes America must abandon one of its ideological pillars—capitalism—to redress social and economic inequities. His vision has proven compelling for many. It is also dangerous and wrong.

Senator Sanders’ concerns are not without reason. Over the past several decades, the

Ted Yavuzkurt

Julian Keeley

TED TALKS

INDIVIDUALS AND INSTITUTIONS

our current political climate, a candidate asking such questions appears radical, but he’s really not that far out.

Combating inequality is far from radical; it’s necessary. Major societal gaps between rich and poor are associated with greater rates of violence, drug abuse and mental illness. Correlation certainly does not prove causation, but the link is ominous.

Moreover, high levels of inequality are harmful to economic growth. As such, the interests of those at the top are aligned with those at the bottom. If we do nothing, the wheels are bound to come off sooner rather than later.

Many billionaires recognize this. Warren Buffet, Bill Gates, Elon Musk and others have signed the Giving Pledge, guaranteeing their fortunes for philanthropy. Nick Hanauer, a self-described “unrepentant capitalist,” penned an op-ed in 2014 warning his “fellow plutocrats” that pitchforks were coming. “I have a message for my fellow filthy rich, for all of us who live in our gated bubble worlds: Wake up, people. It won’t last,” he wrote.

I concur. Right now, 1 percent of the population controls 35 percent of wealth while the bottom 40 percent controls none.

This is unsustainable. The problem isn’t lazy poor people or burdensome economic regulations. It is built into the structure of our economy. We can’t abandon capitalism, but we must recognize reality: the essence of a market economy relies on actors rationally responding to incentives. If the incentives are skewed, the outcome will be too.

That’s exactly what we’re seeing.

We see the negative effects of this everywhere. Let’s examine one instance: the proverbial “big corporations.” They certainly obey market forces. Those forces do not prioritize workers, however; they favor investors, many of whom are playing a short-term, zero-sum game. That means long-term good business often goes out the door in favor of maximizing immediate returns.

Shareholders penalized Wal-Mart for raising wages and tried to force Apple out of doing beneficial, but less profitable work.

Washington Post columnist Steven Pearlstein wrote in 2013 that giving shareholders such corporate power is based on ideology, not economic theory. Stanford Professor Jeffery Pfeffer echoed Pearlstein’s sentiment four years earlier in the Harvard Business Review. According to him, the problem arose due to a misguided belief in

Our economic system is full of perverse incentives and rent-seeking. Our laissezfaire approach has given birth to a monster that no one can tackle alone. No single policy is sufficient. Increasing the minimum wage, tax rates or educational spending would be ineffective if it is not part of a larger-scale effort to reform our basic economic structure.

If that’s what we need, then we must work together to come up with a solution. That requires coordination.

Coordination requires…

Government, unfortunately.

We’ve had ample opportunity since Reaganomics to get our act together and show that minimal government was the way to go. We failed.

Of course, so did socialism and communism.

Even social-democratic Sweden is shifting more to the center. We need another option.

I’m not sold on Sanders’ economic vision.

Robert Reich has yet to convince me. Despite what anyone says, there are legitimate doubts about the math behind Sanders’ political revolution. Paper calculations do not necessarily equal good policy.

I’ve looked at his tax proposal. Those numbers don’t seem scary now, but if I’m ever making enough money to be in a high tax bracket, I might think differently. So might you. If he wins (and by some miracle passes everything he intends), be ready to break out your check book.

I do applaud Sanders for forcing us to ask tough questions. Economics is not a hard science. If our current theories and models are breaking down, then we need to ask why. We need to start seriously considering ideas like basic income and single payer healthcare, lest our economy continues to be broadsided by everincreasing automation. Some of these solutions will necessarily entail an efficiency loss. Sometimes, we don’t want an efficient outcome. We want an equitable one. At the least, we need a sustainable one.

Maybe it IS time we elected someone who will continue in FDR’s footsteps. I don’t know. One thing is certain, though: inaction has a price. We can no longer afford it.

Ted Yavuzkurt is a Trinity senior. His column runs on alternate Tuesdays. If you have a comment for him, he can be reached at tdy@ duke.edu.

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TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 | 11

United States’ substantial economic gains have indeed been matched by large increases in income inequality. The main force driving this change has been a consistent increase, since the 1970s, in the skill premium: the difference between the wages of skilled and unskilled workers.

The reason for this development is a simple story of supply and demand. For the past two centuries, America’s rapid economic growth has constantly increased demand for skilled labor. Why? Innovation and the expansion of markets increase the quantity and sophistication of an economy’s technology, thereby requiring increasingly skilled workers. With sufficient investment in human capital—the quality of an economy’s labor force as determined by factors such as IQ, education, creativity—the supply of skilled labor can match the increases in demand and keep skill premiums in check.

Over the past 30 years, however, the supply of skilled labor has failed to keep pace with demand. Therefore, firms compete over a scarce amount of skilled workers offering enormous salaries to attract them and having them work longer hours (just ask your friends in investment banking). On the other hand, many unskilled workers struggle to find jobs in a low-wage environment—further depressed by globalization and automation—and can often only find part-time employment. The solution is clear: by increasing our human capital—thereby increasing the supply of skilled workers and decreasing the supply of unskilled workers—we could decrease the skill premium and address the problem of inequality at its root.

In contrast to this impersonal reality, Bernie Sanders paints a picture that is far more sinister. The wealthy have unscrupulously robbed the middle and lower classes of our country in what he calls the reversed Robin Hood principle. Working within this divisive framework, Sanders has proposed a series of redistributive policies that ultimately treat the symptoms rather than the sources of inequality. Making public universities tuitionfree, one of his few policies that “prima-facie” provides a positive shock to human capital, is unlikely to reduce the skill premium. The reason is that today’s lack of skilled workers is not due to an insufficient amount of people attending university. Indeed, the fraction of people attending college has increased in proportion to the wage premium for a college education. Instead, many students simply aren’t getting enough out of their college education. One reason might be that they are underprepared. For example, while a greater percentage of people are attending university, there hasn’t been any significant increase in the amount who complete their education. A better solution, then, would be to spend more on improving the factors that affect the earlier foundations of an individual’s human capital development, such as K-12 education. Further, many people simply aren’t meant for the academic path.

Rather than attempting to make college

more attractive, we should incentivize and develop other programs that help fill specific skill gaps in the labor market.

Bernie Sanders’ policies are not simply ineffective; they are also reckless. He wants to implement protectionist policies that would make Jean-Baptiste Colbert proud. For example, Sanders wants to reverse certain free trade agreements in order to protect American jobs. While this may provide a short-run boost to employment, there is strong consensus

in economics—something of a rarity—that openness to trade is highly linked with growth.

Sanders ignores many other inconvenient truths, as well. For example, his proposal to tax U.S. corporations and impose restrictions that make them fulfill their “patriotic duty” may sound desirable. Unfortunately, his tax plan would simply make corporations move even more of their operations to more welcoming jurisdictions, like Ireland, taking thousands of U.S. jobs and billions of capital with them.

Sanders’ denunciation of individual and corporate America’s greed does not change the fact that the most successful policies and institutions are those that respond to the reality of human nature, not some idealized conception of it. Free markets and property rights have produced prosperity precisely because they harness, rather than attempt to suppress, basic human impulses, such as the innate desire to improve one’s condition.

By linking prestige and material rewards, both of which humans covet by nature, to the importance one plays in the provision of a good or service, markets incentivize individuals to maximize the impact they can have on societal utility. Decreasing these rewards, as Bernie Sanders proposes, reduces the incentive to engage in productive activity or pursue the risky entrepreneurial activities that drive economic growth.

Before attempting to impose Scandinavian solutions on an economy and population that is more than 80 times larger and infinitely more complex, Senator Sanders would also do well to understand the challenges those countries now face. The strength of the Swedish economy today rests primarily on the foundations it developed from the 1860s to the mid-20th century, when a high degree of economic freedom led to the creation of some of its greatest companies such as IKEA and Volvo. Lars Christensen, a Danish economist, today acknowledges the trade-off between growth and equality that exists even in a country of 5.6 million people.

By proposing to restrict capitalism in order to address inequality, Senator Sanders blithely proposes to throw the baby out with the bath water. The advent of free markets in the late 18th-century system, coupled with the technological developments of the Industrial Revolution, ushered in two centuries of unprecedented economic growth. Today, the countries that adopted institutions that reduce the extent of government power in favor of individual property rights and free markets have the greatest levels of prosperity in history and virtually no involuntary, abject poverty, something that was unfeasible just a couple hundred years ago. This would not have been possible if our predecessors had chosen equality over prosperity. The responsibility now falls on us to ensure that the United States remains a country of unprecedented entrepreneurial dynamism, with a heart to match.

Julian Keeley is a Trinity junior. His column runs on alternate Tuesdays.

12 | TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016

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February 23-29 EXHIBITIONS

Full Exposure: Paul and Damon McCarthy’s Pirate Party. An exhibition of photographs by Paul and Damon McCarthy, co-organized

by Duke undergraduate students. Thru March 13, 2016.

Reality of My Surroundings: The Contemporary Collection, demonstrating the museum’s ongoing commitment to collecting contemporary work by global artists, with a focus on artists of African descent. Thru July 10, 2016.

The New Galleries: A Collection Come to Light. Thru September 18, 2016.

Odili Donald Odita. Two large-scale murals by visiting artist and abstract painter Odili Donald Odita have been commissioned by the Nasher Museum; one is at Duke and one is in downtown Durham. Thru October 1, 2017.

A Material Legacy: The Nancy A. Nasher and David J. Haemisegger Collection of Contemporary Art. (NAS)

EVENTS February 25

Documentary Film. Dance of the Maize God, (2014, director David Lebrun, 96 minutes), to complement Art of the Americas: Mesoamerica, part of The New Galleries. 7pm, Nasher Museum.

We Are Pussy Riot. A work-in-progress by visiting playwright Barbara Hammond taps into the power of chaos and mischief to defy oppressive regimes. 8pm, Sheafer Theater, Bryan Center, West Campus.

Free.

Duke Wind Symphony: Adventure Into The Universe. Verena Mösenbichler-Bryant, dir., featuring the premiere of composition contest winner Benjamin Daniels, Michael Markowski’s Saturn Returns, Sparke’s Sunrise at Angel’s Gate, John Mackey’s Lightning Field, and Satoshi Yagisawa’s Machu Picchu: City in the Sky. 8pm, Baldwin Auditorium. Free.

February 26 Duke ArtCon 2016. The second student-led arts and creativity summit will engage arts students, faculty, and alumni in discussions that help shape, celebrate and advance the arts at Duke. Organized by duARTS, visArts, Duke Arts and #artstigators. Bryan Center and Penn Pavilion.

Free. More info at duArts.org/artcon2016.

Rare Music Concert. Giovanni Antonio Pandolfo Mealli (c.1630-c.1670): Complete Violin Sonatas, Op. 3 & 4. Gabriel Richard, violin; Kivie CahnLipman, viola da gamba & lirone; Simon Martyn-Ellis, theorbo & guitar; Elliot Figg, harpsichord & organ. Presented by DUMIC (Duke University Musical Instrument Collections) in assoc. with the Mallarmé HIP Festival.

7:30pm, Nelson Music Room, East Duke Bldg. Free.

We Are Pussy Riot. (See Feb. 25) February 27 Randall Love, fortepiano. Works by Beethoven, Clementi, and Field on the DUMIC Clementi piano (c.1805-10). 8pm, Baldwin Auditorium. Free.

Embodied Learning Summit. Healing Trauma from our Roots – Mindfulness & Movement workshops, featuring Becky Thompson and Michelle Johnson, yoga teachers and activists. 9am-5pm. Ark Dance Studio. Duke West Campus. Free but registration requested. (DDP) Duke ArtCon 2016. (See February 26)

SCREEN/SOCIETY

All events are free and open to the public. Unless otherwise noted, screenings are at 7pm in the Richard White Lecture Hall, East Campus.

(G) = Griffith Film Theater, Bryan Center. (FFT) = Full Frame Theater, ATC. (FHI) = Smith Warehouse, Bay 4, C105 (“Garage”).

All events subject to change – for details and updates, see: ami.duke.edu/screensociety

February 23

White Wedding

2016 African Film Festival February 24

Black Gold (G)

2016 Ethics Film Series ami.duke.edu/screensociety/schedule

This message is brought to you by the Department of Art, Art History and Visual Studies, Center for Documentary Studies, Chapel Music, Duke Dance Program, Duke Music Department, Master of Fine Arts in Experimental & Documentary Arts, Nasher Museum of Art, Screen/Society,