February 25, 2019

The Chronicle

See Inside Barrett leads Duke against Syracuse Page 6

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MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2019 DUKECHRONICLE.COM

ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEENTH YEAR, ISSUE 42

Undergraduate Survey examines sexual assault at Duke tuition to rise 48 percent of female undergrad 3.9 percent

By Bre Bradham Editor-In-Chief

The Board of Trustees approved a 3.9 percent increase for Duke undergraduate tuition at its February meeting.

Tuition for the 2019-2020 academic year will be $55,880, and the total cost of attendance—which factors in room and board, books and fees—will increase by 3.7 percent for a total of $73,519. That 3.7 percent increase is the “lowest rate of increase in total cost for more than 20 years,” according to the Duke Today release.

The vote was unanimous, Board Chair Jack Bovender said.

“This reflects our concerns about balancing the costs of providing our educational experience,” President Vincent Price said after the meeting.

The cost of attending Duke has been steadily increasing. This past academic year was the first time that total cost crossed the $70,000 mark.

55.8

Thousands of dollars is how much tuition at Duke will cost next year In the 2014-2015 school year, the total cost of attendance was $60,553.

The tuition for the 2017-2018 school year was a 4.3 percent increase from the year before, but the percentage increase dropped to 3.9 percent for the current school year.

“We had extensive discussions about the importance of being efficient and careful stewards of all of our resources, so that we can hopefully continue to push down the increases that families are expected to bear,” Price said. “Especially families in the middle income ranges, who we know [have] particular difficulties with year after See TUITION on Page 4

respondents said they had been sexually assaulted since coming to the University

Jeremy Chen | Graphic Design Editor

By Bre Bradham

that they had been raped during their time at Duke and 3 percent of undergraduate men said they had.

Comparing the numbers “When the 40 percent figure was reported back in the 2016 survey, I was traumatized by it. For two reasons: one, you have the national ‘one in five,’ 20 percent figure out there, and two, it was just an extraordinarily high number,” Larry Moneta, vice president for student affairs, said. “We immediately jumped on it, in terms of convening a group of people to figure out what it would take to bring the problems down.”

Two years later, Moneta said he thinks the number is actually higher than what the survey shows.

“I’ve known the 48 percent figure for a few weeks, and I’ve had a lot of conversations with students and I said, ‘Let me just ask you, if you talk to any undergraduate women here, what percent of undergraduate women across four years have some incident of unwanted kissing, or some incident where someone deliberately brushed by them in a way that made them uncomfortable, touched them in a way that was inappropriate, whether it was on the dance floor or a party? What percentage of Duke undergraduate women have an experience like that in four years?’”

Moneta said. “The consensus answer I got was between 80 and 90 percent.”

response rate of 40 percent.

Editor-In-Chief The survey dove deeper than ascertaining the percentage of students who said they were A “startling” Duke survey taken in 2016 sexually assaulted. reported that 40 percent of undergraduate Female students with disabilities or who women had been sexually assaulted since identified as lesbian, gay and bisexual (GLB) coming to the University. The survey had higher rates of sexual assault. More than was re-administered two years later, and 56 percent of female students with disabilities the results were released to the public and 49.7 percent of GLB women reported Thursday night. experiencing sexual assault since enrolling at Now, 47.8 percent of women who Duke, compared to 45.7 percent of women responded said they had been sexually without disabilities and 45.6 percent of assaulted while they were heterosexual women. students at Duke. In When the 40 percent Male respondents addition to nearly half of figure was reported back also reported higher female undergraduates rates in those saying they have been in the 2016 survey, I was categories, with 23 sexually assaulted, 13.5 traumatized by it. percent of men with percent of male students disabilities and 27.5 said they have been during larry moneta percent of GLB male VICE PRESIDENT FOR STUDENT AFFAIRS students their time at Duke. reporting The survey defined assaults, compared to sexual assault as “any unwanted, 12.5 percent of men without disabilities and nonconsensual sexual contact,” including 11 percent of heterosexual men. rape and sexual battery, but excluding coerced As for the location of incidents, female students sexual contact and sexual harassment. reported that more of the assaults occurred off The “confidential, web-based” survey campus and male students reported that more was conducted between March 27, 2018 and happened on campus.

May 18, 2018 through a contract between “For both male and female students, well over Duke and RTI International, which is an half of sexual assault incidents involved drug or independent nonprofit institution. It was alcohol use on the part of the perpetrator and/ sent to every undergraduate and graduate or the victim,” the report stated. student at Duke who was older than 18 Within the category of sexual assault, 17 years, and 6,782 responded—resulting in a percent of undergraduate women responded

See SURVEY on Page 4

MEN’S BASKETBALL

Joey Baker makes surprise debut in first half against Syracuse

By Derek Saul Blue Zone Editor

Charles York | Special Projects Photography Editor Joey Baker played his first minutes as a Blue Devil Saturday.

SYRACUSE, N.Y.—Joey Baker saw the first game action of his college career against Syracuse.

Baker, who reclassified in order to come to Duke’s campus this fall, had been a healthy scratch in each of the Blue Devils’ prior contests, and was presumably going to redshirt his first season.

On Saturday night, Duke head coach Mike Krzyzewski turned to desperate measures with bench contributions lacking, opting to burn Baker’s redshirt.

“He’s a spacer, he can shoot and one thing about Joey is he works so hard,” Blue Devil forward R.J. Barrett

said. “He’s going to come in and work hard every day, and we need that.”

The freshman from Fayetteville, N.C. came off the bench five minutes into Saturday evening’s contest, and missed his first shot attempt, a 3-pointer from the left corner. With normal starters Zion Williamson and Marques Bolden sidelined, Krzyzewski opted for a different game plan, including the decision to debut Baker and insert Alex O’Connell into the starting lineup for the first time this season.

Baker played only five minutes, all in the first half. The 6-foot-7 forward’s most tangible impact of the game came at the tail end of the opening period, when he racked up three fouls—two intentional—in eight seconds. In his debut, Baker tallied no points and two rebounds.

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Council considers revisions to research misconduct policy

By Mona Tong Staff Reporter

At Thursday’s meeting, the Academic Council discussed proposed revisions to the University’s research misconduct policy and Duke’s response to the biostatistics department incident.

Geeta Swamy, vice dean and associate vice provost for scientific integrity, presented these changes to the 2007 policy, which is found in Appendix P of the Faculty Handbook. She said that Duke’s current policy needed clarification because there are several practices that unnecessarily go beyond regulatory requirements.

Academic Council also elected Kerry Haynie, associate professor of political science, to be its next chair.

Swamy explained the reasoning behind some of the proposed policy changes.

“For example, in the federal regulations, the statute of limitations is six years, and our policy has been silent on that, which means when there’s an allegation, there’s no time frame,” she said. “And while that may be the interest of someone bringing forth an allegation, what that does is actually clog up the system and produce a lot of inefficiency in dealing with all of the cases that come forth.”

Furthermore, Swamy added that the revised policy focuses on removing discrepancies between how the process is outlined and how it is actually implemented, as well as conforming to the Office of Research Integrity’s recommended template for responding to allegations of research misconduct.

“Having some sort of standardized template [among universities and institutions] can help bring forth more clarification,” Swamy said.

The new policy narrows the definition of research misconduct to its regulatory

acknowledged the concerns and feelings within Duke’s international community.

In their ongoing discussion about ways to address faculty conduct and professionalism, Abbas Benmamoun—vice provost for faculty advancement—and Claudia Gunsch—associate vice provost for faculty advancement—stressed the need for faculty to take greater cultural responsibility within the Duke community.

“In response to President [Vincent] Price’s call for action following Duke’s self-assessment on harassment in November 2018, [we] started meeting with unit leaders to review their results and discuss local efforts for improving overall campus climate,” Gunsch wrote in an email to The Chronicle after the session.

“These meetings are the first step in developing policies, programs and practices to strengthen Likhitha Butchireddygari | Contributing Photographer Duke’s efforts to ensure an inclusive and respectful environment where faculty, students, Academic Council held its second meeting of the semester on Thursday. and staff can thrive and excel.” definition—which is the fabrication, In addition, the policy would allow for According to these 2018 self-assessment scores, falsification and plagiarism in proposing, deans of schools to determine the need for approximately 17 percent of the Duke community performing, reviewing research or reporting administrative leave and salary continuation reported to have experienced discrimination or throughout the investigation process. harassment in the last five years. research results.

This change would remove other types of Consistent with federal regulations, the policy “A broader conversation is taking place misconduct, such as harassment in academia also adds a six-year statute of limitations for the to establish the responsibilities that should from the definition. Swamy said that other review of allegations. accompany the privilege of being a Duke faculty types of misconduct would still be addressed After the presentation, the council went into member,” Gunsch wrote. “Several national through a separate process from that of a private executive session to consider updates organizations including the National Academy research misconduct. on the biostatistics email situation and to of Sciences have established codes of conduct She explained that the separation would continue its discussion from previous meetings for their members and many Duke faculty have allow other types of misconduct to be part of about faculty conduct and general steps needed expressed the need for such a standard.” the broader context rather than be limited to to improve Duke’s faculty climate.

Additionally, she noted that the Office for just research conduct.

Academic Council Chair Don Taylor Faculty Advancement has developed a series The revised policy would also broaden its said that the calling of the executive session of workshops for unit leaders and faculty to scope to include all researchers instead of just was necessary because the incident is still raise awareness and provide best practices for faculty. Cases involving students and staff who being actively investigated by the Office of addressing some of the cultural challenges are not federally funded, however, may not go Institutional Equity. During the session, facing the community. through the same review process and may be the council emphasized its commitment “Faculty play a critical role in defining Duke’s referred to the applicable school or college at to ensuring the students involved in the climate and faculty should be leading the cultural the discretion of a deciding official. biostatistics incident are protected and change on our campus,” Gunsch wrote.

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MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2019 | 3

Meet this year’s Duke Student Government presidential candidates

By Stefanie Pousoulides University News Editor

This year’s Duke Student Government presidential election will be a race between three candidates, with only one for executive vice president.

Juniors Daisy Almonte, Liv McKinney and Saheel Chodavadia are running for president, and junior Avery Boltwood is the sole candidate for EVP. The presidential candidates are looking to succeed outgoing President Kristina Smith, a senior.

Presidential candidates Almonte is pursuing an interdepartmental major in public policy studies and sociology with a certificate in human rights. She is a Benjamin N. Duke Scholar and a Baldwin Scholar and is from Turkey, N.C., a small rural town southeast of Durham.

In addition to being the vice president of equity and outreach and a former senator on the same committee, Almonte is a founding member of the First-Generation LowIncome Caucus and the Latinx Caucus.

She is involved with Mi Gente, Duke Define American and is a mentor for the First-generation Pre-Orientation program. She also does research on federal immigration policy and is “working towards an undergraduate thesis” on the subject.

Beyond Duke, she serves on the board of a directors of Student Action with Farmworkers, a local nonprofit which she has been involved with since high school.

If elected, Almonte wants to prioritize access to “closeddoor meetings” so that students can be “in the loop” and “shape the decisions that impact them.”

“These mechanisms can help center the needs of financial aid recipients in all potential future changes, include key voices for Duke to address sexual misconduct policy, promote safetyenhancing efforts for undocumented individuals on campus and explore and pursue admissions policies that promote equity and affirm Duke’s commitment to social justice,” Almonte wrote in an email to The Chronicle.

From Columbus, Ohio, McKinney is a biology major pursuing minors in chemistry and medical sociology.

At Duke, she is a member of the First-year Advisory Counselor board, part of the Bass Connections team that

Special to the Chronicle Juniors Daisy Almonte, Liv McKinney and Saheel Chodavadia are running for Duke Student Government president this year.

works with the Center for Global Women’s Health Technologies and is a server at The Commons, the restaurant on the top floor of the Brodhead Center.

“As president next year, I would focus on expanding both physical and financial accessibility, so every Duke student has an opportunity to participate,” McKinney wrote in an email to The Chronicle.

She is currently vice president of the services and sustainability committee and is a former senator of the committee for two years.

McKinney noted that, as president, she would focus on community accountability by “addressing gender violence and sexual assault policy” and “working with the administration to craft hate and bias policy by bringing student voices to the table.”

“I want to reimagine what student life can be at Duke, which includes improving mental health culture and assuring the transition of hundreds of students to West campus is done with student well-being as top priority,” McKinney wrote.

Hailing from Austin, Texas, Chodavadia is majoring in economics and psychology with a minor in statistical sciences.

After serving as a senator of academic affairs for two years, he now serves as vice president of academic affairs.

“The driving force behind my candidacy is democratizing access to opportunity for all students, whether that’s through rebuilding a largely ineffective advising system or documenting and leveraging classroom incidents of hate and bias,” he wrote in an email to The Chronicle.

At Duke, he is president of the Hindu Students Association and Duke Impact Investing Group, and co-founder of mPower, a start-up that supports rural Indian farmers.

Chodavadia is also a mentor for launch lab, an instructor for the “Impact Investing & Social Entrepreneurship” house course and a researcher with the Science, Law and Policy Lab. “I believe in a Duke that is our home, where each student is empowered to define their own trajectory,” he wrote.

EVP candidate Boltwood, who is from The Colony, Texas, is a political science major interested in minoring in French studies and potentially creative writing.

He is the co-editor-in-chief of The Archive and an athletics department tutor. He also works as front desk staff for the University Center Activities and Events business and finance department.

Boltwood wrote in an email to The Chronicle that he aims for DSG to become “more responsive to students generally, rather than to students with group support,” referring to organizations that are Greek affiliated or any other student groups.

Boltwood currently serves as president pro tempore of the senate and chair of the First-Generation/Low-Income Caucus.

He has held several other positions in DSG, including chair of Senate Judiciary Committee and senator for campus life.

Bre Bradham contributed reporting.

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SURVEY FROM PAGE 1 Moneta said that, based on data they have seen from the Association of American Universities, he does not think Duke is out of line from its peers.

Perceptions of campus safety and Duke’s handling of sexual assault Nearly all students reported feeling safe on campus, but less than half of female undergraduates in the survey’s most recent edition said that Duke was doing a good job of preventing sexual assault. This was reported in the survey conducted in 2016 as well.

Whereas 48 percent of undergraduate female respondents in the 2018 survey said Duke was doing a good job—a 2 percent increase from last time—65 percent of male undergraduate respondents said it was, 78 of female graduate students said it was and 85 of male graduate students said it was.

“Students at all levels generally regarded

TUITION FROM PAGE 1 year increases.”

Duke’s investments in financial aid are expected to rise at a higher rate for the 2019-2020 year than the tuition’s rate of increase, but the final expenditures have not yet been calculated, according to the Duke Today news release. The University expects to invest $175 million in financial aid for the 2018-2019 school year ending June 30, which would mark a 4.2 percent increase over the previous year’s investments.

“We’re committed to raising endowments for financial aid in the long haul,” Price said Saturday.

Tuition fees for Duke’s other schools were also set during the Board’s meeting, according to the Duke Today release:

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faculty and university leadership as concerned with student safety, but a sizable percentage of undergraduate women in particular continue to feel that the university leadership could be doing more to protect the safety of students generally, and more than half of undergraduate women continue to feel that Duke is not doing a good job of preventing sexual assault in particular,” the report stated.

Although less than half of undergraduate women said Duke was doing a good job, 62 percent said that Duke was “doing all it can” and 75 percent said the University was concerned for students’ safety.

Overall, students said they feel safe on campus. 98 percent of male undergraduate students said they felt safe, 89 percent of female undergraduates said they did and more than 90 percent of both male and female graduate students said they did.

There is a gender gap among undergraduates’ opinions about whether Duke enables sexual assault victims to continue their education without interacting with the perpetrator. Whereas

70 percent of men said that Duke did that in the 2018 survey, 45 percent of women said that.

Another gender gap was shown in perceptions of whether Duke takes sexual assault cases seriously—and the rates have remained the exact same among undergraduates between the survey administrations. Seventy-seven percent of male undergraduates think Duke takes the cases seriously, whereas 58 percent of female undergraduates said that.

Students’ opinions on Duke’s adjudication process for sexual assault show differences in perceptions based on gender for several categories.

Whereas 57 percent of male undergraduates said Duke properly investigates sexual assault, 38 percent of female undergraduates agreed. Similarly, there was more than a 22 percentage-point gap in opinions on whether Duke holds people accountable for sexual assault and a 23 percentage point gap in whether students who are found responsible are punished appropriately.

More than 60 percent of both male and female undergraduates said that students who are accused of sexual assault are treated fairly.

For sexual assaults of undergraduate women that occurred in the 2017-2018 school year, approximately 9 percent were officially reported and 62 percent were disclosed to family, friends or roommates, according to the survey.

“One thing we don’t want to do is sugar coat the challenges for a survivor to have to go through a conduct process. It is extraordinarily difficult, to recount the incident to strangers...Even with all the protections we can offer, there is nothing to suggest that is painless,” Moneta said. “That said, that doesn’t mean that we don’t see that data as challenges to continue to figure out how to inspire victims to bring the cases forward, because those challenges themselves chill participation.”

Those challenges may get even more difficult due to politics.

“We know the proposed rules changes in the [Secretary of Education] Betsy DeVos administration would make it even more difficult,” Moneta said.

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In other business Price said that the trustees discussed the recently released survey data that included information on students’ experiences with sexual assault. There was a “very robust conversation about the very, very serious matter,” the president said.

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MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2019 | 5

sportswrap february 25, 2019

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WOMEN’S BASKETBALL: WINS AT WAKE FOREST • WOMEN’S LACROSSE: EMERGES IN OVERTIME

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6 6 || MONDAY, MONDAY, FEBRUARY FEBRUARY 25, 25, 2019 2019

MEN’S BASKETBALL

TALL GLASS OF R.J.

Blue Devils ride R.J. Barrett’s 30-point performance to win at Syracuse without Zion Williamson

By Derek Saul Blue Zone Editor

SYRACUSE, N.Y.—As perhaps the most successful coach in college basketball history, rarely is Mike Krzyzewski desperate.

Yet, Saturday night, Duke’s head coach looked to be just that.

With the Blue Devils’ star Zion Williamson out with a knee injury, Krzyzewski immediately pulled a curious DUKE 75 stunt, inserting Alex CUSE 65 O’Connell into the starting lineup for the first time this season, alongside Javin DeLaurier, who has not started in more than a month.

Krzyzewski’s puzzling decisions did not stop with his starting five—burning Joey Baker’s redshirt eligibility in favor of entering him into a contest for the first time all season.

Fortunately, Coach K’s kitchen-sink approach worked, and his top-ranked Duke team prevailed, taking down Syracuse 75-65 at the Carrier Dome behind a game-high 30 points from freshman R.J. Barrett.

“Thursday for me was one of the toughest 24 hours that I’ve had as a coach at Duke.

One, getting over the psychological stuff that happened to our team. We were knocked back,” Krzyzewski said. “I said, ‘Look, we just went through hell for 24 hours, and I could depend on everybody.’ We need to be that team on Saturday where you can depend on anyone, and

Charles York | Special Projects Photography Editor

R.J. Barrett thrived in the middle of the Syracuse 2-3 zone Saturday. they were. I’m really proud of my team.”

Despite trailing by five at the break, the Blue Devils made the second half a backand-forth affair. The teams traded leads, with neither team holding a double-digit advantage until Duke’s 11-point edge in the final minute.

The Blue Devils came out of the locker room strong, and an O’Connell 3-pointer with the shot clock expiring gave Duke (24-3, 12-2 in the ACC) a 38-37 advantage, putting the visitors back in front for the first time since midway through the opening half. A few Blue Devil possessions later, O’Connell

sunk a contested three from the right corner, and contact from Frank Howard sent the Roswell, Ga., native to the line for a pivotal four-point play.

Starting O’Connell proved to be key for Duke—the sophomore guard made a considerable impact in his new role, sinking a game-high five shots from deep. His 20 points were a career high as well, surpassing his previous best of 16, which came against Syracuse last month.

“They play a zone defense, so I wanted to space out and make sure that my teammates have confidence in my shooting, and tonight, I did that,” O’Connell said. “I was making sure all night that [my teammates] attack the middle of the zone, and I’ll be spaced ready to shoot for them.”

With a record-breaking crowd packing into the Carrier Dome, the pro-Orange energy immediately filled the building. Syracuse (21-7, 9-5) fed off the environment, and the building nearly popped when Howard hit a 3-pointer following a Paschal Chukwu offensive rebound to open the night’s scoring.

The Blue Devils struggled to keep their opponents off the offensive glass for the entirety of the first half. Just a few minutes after the night’s opening score, Howard hit a nearly identical shot from the right corner off an Oshae Brissett board, On the evening, the Orange pulled down 19 See BARRETT on Page 9

MEN’S BASKETBALL

Rotation adjusted significantly without Zion

By Hank Tucker Associate Sports Editor

SYRACUSE, N.Y.—From the outside, it seemed like Duke dodged a bullet Thursday when the team announced Zion Williamson was recovering from a Grade 1 knee sprain instead of a more serious injury and was day-to-day.

Inside the program, it was a day of soul-searching, with head coach Mike Krzyzewski concerned about how poorly his team had responded to losing its star player 30 seconds into an 88-72 loss to North Carolina the night before. He was also irritated at the national debate on both sides of what he brushed aside as a silly notion that Williamson shouldn’t play for the rest of the season to protect his professional career.

Krzyzewski wasn’t even sure if he would take Williamson with the team to the game, worried that his mere presence would reignite the distracting punditry. Williamson shut that idea down, saying he wanted to be with his teammates, so he was next to the coaching staff on the bench in a blue and black polo shirt.

Before turning his attention to Syracuse and making several major adjustments to his rotation that resulted in a 75-65 win for the Blue Devils, Krzyzewski had to get to the bottom of what happened to his players.

“The last 48 hours, come on. Everybody’s got opinions about everything. It’s not just playing, it’s amateurism,” Krzyzewski said after Saturday’s victory. “We were knocked back. I met with almost every one of my guys individually and three of the freshmen together, just like, ‘How did you feel? How do you feel now?’”

During those meetings, he told Alex O’Connell he would start for the first time this season Saturday. The sophomore guard responded with the best game of his college career, pouring in 20 points and shooting 5-of-8 from long distance. Krzyzewski called

Charles York | Special Projects Photography Editor

Head coach Mike Krzyzewski surprised many with his decision to burn Joey Baker’s redshirt Saturday. his 4-point play that turned a two-point deficit into a two-point advantage the game’s key play.

“I’ve had about 48 hours to prepare, talk to myself in my head, positive self-thinking, and I was really confident tonight going in from the jump,” O’Connell said. “As great a player as Zion is, we have some other talent on this team, and we came together tonight.”

Javin DeLaurier grabbed two offensive rebounds on that possession before kicking it out to O’Connell, and the junior captain started and played a season-high 27 minutes after failing to eclipse 20 for more than two months.

When DeLaurier went to the bench with four fouls, Marques Bolden—the man DeLaurier replaced in the lineup—made an impact in his second-fewest minutes on the floor all season, playing just 10 but grabbing eight rebounds, including four on

the offensive end to help bleed clock down the stretch.

Krzyzewski also modified his defensive game plan with Williamson unavailable, deciding to have R.J. Barrett guard 6-foot-8 forward Oshae Brissett and moving Tre Jones from Frank Howard onto Tyus Battle. After Battle torched the Blue Devils for 32 points during the Orange’s upset in Durham when Jones was hurt for most of the game, he shot just 4-of-17 on his way to 16 points in the Carrier Dome.

The most surprising adjustment came when Krzyzewski put Joey Baker in a game for the first time all season, burning his potential redshirt. Baker expected to play after Thursday’s internal meetings, though he spent just five scoreless minutes on See M. BASKETBALL on Page 9

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MONDAY, FEBRUARY FEBRUARY 25, 25, 2019 2019 || 7 7 MONDAY,

WOMEN’S BASKETBALL

Three-game losing streak snapped at Wake

By Glen Morgenstern Staff Writer

WINSTON-SALEM, N.C.—Three days after No. 5 Notre Dame demolished the Blue Devils in South Bend, Ind., Duke could generate a feeling of ease facing a demure opponent in Wake Forest.

In fact, the game that ensued was so peaceful that the loudest cheers from the crowd came during the distribution of free t-shirts and after a youth gymnastics exhibition.

Duke helped keep the crowd quiet by taking the lead early and never relinquishing it Sunday, turning DUKE 55 on cruise control for WAKE 44 the majority of the second half en route to a 55-44 victory at Lawrence Joel Veterans Memorial Coliseum. In the face of redshirt junior guard Haley Gorecki’s struggles, the Blue Devils’ offense revolved around their bigs in their fourth conference victory.

Sophomore forward Jade Williams scored a career-high 17 points and freshman forward Onome Akinbode-James nearly notched a double-double, pouring in nine points and grabbing nine rebounds in just 24 minutes.

“It’s important to play inside out,” head coach Joanne P. McCallie said. “Jade is a force because she can be inside and out, and Onome was a force inside, really working her body and looking for good shots. They’re a great combination. They need to continue to work well together because their games complement each other.”

Both teams alternated misfires in the first half. Duke (11-14, 4-10 in the ACC) shot 36 percent from the field, while Wake Forest (1017, 1-13) managed a measly 25 percent. It was a balanced scoring effort for the Blue Devils—

as all five starters put up points in the first quarter—and it would be much of the same for the rest of the game. The Demon Deacons outrebounded Duke 25-15 in the first half, but forced only six Blue Devil turnovers. The second frame especially disappointed. Duke scored only three points through eight minutes, to which Miela Goodchild added three at the last second of the half. At the intermission, the Blue Devils led 25-18.

Goodchild, coming off a record-tying eight 3-pointers at Notre Dame, stayed scorching Sunday. The freshman drained four of her eight attempts from deep and even ran the point in her 14-point performance. Goodchild was also never substituted out of the game, marking the first time that has happened so far this season. Meanwhile, volume shooter Haley Gorecki continued floundering from the floor.

After her six-point performance against the Irish, Gorecki shot just 2-for-12 from the field on her way to scoring just nine points against Wake Forest.

The second half’s pace increased only marginally. Maya Banks finished a fast break layup in the third quarter to bring the game to 33-30, which led McCallie to call timeout. The Deacons brought the game within three once more, but Duke pulled away and Wake Forest never threatened again. Notably, after having only shot one 3-pointer all season, sophomore forward Jade Williams took two of them from the corner and made one Sunday.

“I’ve been working on [the three-point shot] after practice and shooting,” Williams said. “I am trying to be an outside and inside threat, so it was a comfortable shot for me.”

Points were hard to come by for either team, and the Blue Devils helped their cause by limiting their turnovers to 11—that’s eight below their season average. Stout defense in the

Emily Qin | Contributing Photographer

Jade Williams thrived in the paint against the Demon Deacons Sunday. final quarter helped Duke hold off the Deacons and snap its three-game losing streak. The Blue Devils held forward Ivana Raca to just 12 points on 5-of-16 shooting. “[It was] a real defensive battle for us—very blue collar,” McCallie said. “It was the kind of game you had to get after it, defensively, reboundwise and just some of the hustle plays.”

The Blue Devils will hope to carry momentum from Sunday’s victory into their next matchup against an up-and-down team in Clemson at 7 p.m. Thursday at Cameron Indoor Stadium. It will be Duke’s penultimate shot to climb up in the ACC standings before the conference tournament begins March 6.

MEN’S LACROSSE

Blue Devils cruise to win after dominant start

By Mitchell Gladstone Sports Features Editor

There aren’t many lacrosse venues like Koskinen Stadium. It’s as good as any in the ACC and among the best in the nation.

But thanks to torrential downpours all Saturday, Duke had to find a different venue with its usual field a sloppy mess.

Fortunately, the Thunderdome has been kind to the Blue Devils over the years—and it was no different this time around.

No. 5 Duke extended its winning streak to three as it scored eight first-quarter goals en route to a comfortable 17-7 victory at the West Campus Turf Fields against Penn. It was nearly a year to the day since 7 the Quakers stunned PENN DUKE 17 the Blue Devils in Philadelphia, but with three goals in less than three minutes to start the game, Duke made sure it wouldn’t fall victim to Penn once more.

“There was different energy,” senior midfielder Brad Smith said of this year’s matchup compared to the 2018 edition.

“Coach [Danowski] says now we’re 4-0 at the

Eric Wei | Contributing Photographer

The Blue Devils got out to a strong start on their practice fields Saturday, helped by senior Brad Smith’s solid performance.

Thunderdome, but we have to defend our home practice field because it’s our field, we’re out here every day and no one knows what goes on here, so it was nice to give somebody a taste of what we do here every day.”

Grad student Jake Seau got two of the Blue Devils’ first three scores, and after the Quakers

finally got on the scoreboard, Smith had an answer less than 90 seconds later.

Even as the rain poured down in Durham, Duke (4-1) continued to pour it on. By the end of the first quarter, the Blue Devils had opened up an 8-2 advantage with Seau, Joey Manown and Joe Robertson each logging a pair of scores.

A week after Duke found itself having to climb out of a four-goal deficit midway through the third quarter, the Blue Devils took control and never let go.

“To be up 3-0 two-and-a-half minutes in, everyone gets to relax,” Duke head coach John Danowski said. “It’s always the goal of the week.”

Despite the nasty conditions that saw rain pool up near the center of the field, the Blue Devils weren’t at all fazed. They picked up right where they started in the second quarter, opening up a nine-goal lead by halftime.

Smith added his second of the day to make it 9-2 and senior Sean Lowrie put home consecutive scores just before the buzzer for intermission.

“That’s what we’ve been playing in all week,” Smith said of the weather. “The way we practiced from Tuesday to today was the exact same, and playing on the practice field, there’s nothing like that. It felt very comfortable.”

Perhaps more impressive than Duke’s offensive domination was its play on the defensive side of things.

Although the Blue Devils surrendered four See M. LACROSSE on Page 9

8 | MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2019

dukechronicle.com

The Chronicle

WOMEN’S LACROSSE

Duke dispatchesVirginia Tech in overtime

By Ben Feder Associate Sports Editor

Losing by one goal and needing the ball with just 25 seconds left, the Blue Devils were on their way to another heartbreaking defeat 10 against the team that VT ended their season a DUKE 11 year ago. Opposing defender Leigh Lingo was running free down the left sideline as the home team was struggling to chase her down.

But then in came the blur that was Katie Cronin.

Cronin knocked the ball loose, picked up the ensuing groundball, and then sprinted to the net before firing the ball past goalkeeper Morgan Berman to tie the game with time running out in regulation.

“When she was chasing that girl down, I was like, ‘Oh, I know she’s going to get her,” senior captain Ellie Majure said. “When Cronin’s coming up behind you, you know.”

Cronin then won the ensuing draw in overtime, and moments later, junior midfielder Catherine Cordrey found Majure in front to give No. 15 Duke a thrilling 11-10 overtime victory against No. 23 Virginia Tech at home Saturday afternoon. The Blue Devils did not play at their usual home site Koskinen Stadium due to the pouring rain throughout the week, so the contest was moved to the Cohan Fields just hours before the start, and they also battled back from a 9-6 deficit late in the second half.

“I’m just so proud of our girls. I’m disappointed the weather [was] so bad,” Duke head coach

Jim Liu | Opinion Photography Editor

Playing on the turf fields due to rain, the Blue Devils escaped with a victory in overtime.

Kerstin Kimel said. “Our kids showed a ton of grit and resilience to be down three [goals] late in the game and just never give up and still believe that we could win the game.”

After scoring 59 times in their first three contests, the Blue Devils (3-1, 1-0 in the ACC) struggled to get going offensively. They committed 18 turnovers and went scoreless for a key 20-minute period in the second half, as their 6-5 lead quickly evaporated into the 9-6 margin with less than eight minutes remaining.

But after Duke’s defense forced two straight turnovers—the Hokies (2-3, 0-1) coughed up the ball 19 times in a sloppy affair—Olivia Jenner scored her second of three tallies of the

game, which gave the Blue Devils just enough confidence to mount their comeback.

It was the defensive unit, though, that put Duke in a position to secure its comeback.

After surrendering 21 goals their last time out, the Blue Devil defense came prepared. Junior goalkeeper Gabbe Cadoux notched 10 saves, including a flurry when Virginia Tech went on its second half run. Around the Elliott City, Md., native, sophomore defender Callie Humphrey caused two turnovers and senior Charlotte Tucci grabbed four groundballs to help limit the Hokies’ leading scorer, Paige Petty, who found the back of the net just twice despite attempting 11 shots.

“I think we did a really phenomenal job dealing with adversity. Last game, we had trouble dealing with mistakes, but this game, once we saw something happen and they scored, we corrected it on the very next play,” Humphrey said.

In a physical affair featuring 55 fouls and nine yellow cards, the two teams traded goals throughout the first half. Leading scorer Charlotte North paced Duke in the first half with two of her three goals, but the home squad could not find a way to pull away despite its defensive effort.

But when the Blue Devils grabbed the momentum back behind Cronin’s heroics, they made sure they would not give it up again. After Cronin’s draw control in overtime, Duke ran a set play to Majure, who notched her first marker of the season. By the time the ball reach the twine, the Blue Devils were celebrating in the treacherous conditions.

“I think I actually had tears coming down my face because I knew that was all our team had been working for in the preseason,” Humphrey said.

For a team claiming they are far removed from those of the last two seasons—both extreme disappointments by their standards— Kimel’s squad was able to take their first step in backing up their statements.

And they were sure to credit their grit along the way.

“I’m just grateful that we made some great plays at the end of the game to pull this one out,” Kimel said. “At the end of the day, we wanted it more and that’s how we won the game.”

BASEBALL

Duke extends best start since 2008 with series win

By Ramona Naseri Staff Writer

After a weekend of rain delays, Duke pushed through a long Saturday to serve up a doubleheader sweep against Northwestern but finished with its first loss on Sunday.

With their Friday game postponed, the Blue Devils went into their Saturday with a doubleheader scheduled at Jack Combs Field. The team was unfazed by the unfavorable weather, winning both of the Saturday 4 games. On the flip NW 5 side, Sunday’s sunshine DUKE brought Duke the 8 first loss of its season.

NW DUKE 23 Ending the weekend with a 7-1 record, this 5 is the best start the Blue NW 3 Devils have had since DUKE 2008, even with their record-breaking season last year.

“We’re really jelling well, I think a big part of that success is veterans,” said sophomore Michael Rothenberg. “Those guys are able to keep us focused in every game we play and we’re just swinging well and playing good defense.”

Two clutch hits in the drawn-out first game of the series delivered the Blue Devils a win against the Wildcats. Rudy Maxwell’s walk-off double in the bottom of the 10th inning pushed across junior Erikson Nichols as the game-

winning run. The freshman was able to close out the game amidst the pressure of two outs for Duke lingering over his shoulders.

“Coach speaks a lot about fog of war and being where your feet are,” said Maxwell. “I guess I was just where my feet were, saw a pitch out, knew I could take him out on that so I got a good pitch to hit and swung hard.”

Although Maxwell’s hit was key, Rothenberg is to thank for his essential hit that pulled the Blue Devils up to a tie with their opponents.

In their first game, a homer by Maxwell led the team to a 1-0 start in the third inning.

This was Maxwell’s first career run, and the strong start for the freshman showed to follow through the day.

Strong pitching by junior Graeme Stinson held the claws of the Wildcats off from snatching any runs within the first four innings.

In the top of the fifth, Northwestern (3-4) stole the lead as it put up three runs against the Blue Devils at the hands of sophomore Matt Dockman. In the top of the eighth, Northwestern put up another run that was soon responded to.

Rothenberg hit a home run during the bottom of the eighth that drove sophomore Tyler Wardwell and graduate student Kyle Gallagher in to tie the game. The comeback proved to be effective, and Duke took the first win of the series.

The second game of the series was a huge

Bre Bradham | Contributing Photographer

Michael Rothenberg had himself a series with a pair of home runs against the Wildcats this weekend. blowout, as the Blue Devils brought in 23 runs against Northwestern’s eight. The Wildcats led with a strong 5-0 start at the top of the third, but an explosive 12-run response by Duke sent Northwestern to its doomed fate. Pitiful pitching by the visitors led the Blue Devils to go nine runs without even a single out.

The Wildcats desperately tried to cut the lead, adding three runs within the fourth and sixth innings. Northwestern was on the road to a comeback, but was immediately halted by Duke’s 11 insurance runs and poor fielding of See BASEBALL on Page 9

The Chronicle

dukechronicle.com

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2019 | 9

M. LACROSSE

BASEBALL

BARRETT

M. BASKETBALL

FROM PAGE 6

FROM PAGE 6

FROM PAGE 7

offensive rebounds.

Barrett almost single-handedly kept Duke in the contest during the opening period, as he led all scorers with 17 points in the half.

In the final minute of the period, Barrett quieted the crowd with consecutive inside buckets, including a beautifully executed spin move in the low post.

“Overall, R.J. was the guy today,” Krzyzewski said. “His toughness and his defense [stood out]—he doesn’t usually guard inside, and with [Oshae] Brissett playing so well and posting up a lot, he did a really good job.”

Barrett and O’Connell tore apart Syracuse’s 2-3 zone, combining for 50 points on an efficient 20-for-29 performance.

Although the Blue Devils did not need much scoring outside of their leading tandem, the remaining Duke players struggled mightily, hitting just 6-of-30 field goal attempts with only four bench points.

In another twist, junior forward Jack White did not appear in the contest. The Duke captain entered the night averaging 23.2 minutes per game, but White has missed his last 25 3-pointers and may have fallen out of the team’s rotation for the time being.

The Blue Devils will have the opportunity to follow up their seventh true road victory of the season Tuesday, as they travel to take on No. 20 Virginia Tech. Following the matchup with the Hokies, Duke will have just three more regularseason contests on the slate, hosting Miami and Wake Forest before trekking to Chapel Hill for a rematch with No. 8 North Carolina.

the court.

Krzyzewski suggested after the season opener against Kentucky that as long as O’Connell and Jack White continued shooting well like they did that night, he wouldn’t need to use Baker. That has changed with Duke’s numerous putrid showings from deep in conference play, including an 8-of-39 performance against the Tar Heels.

“He’s played well in practice,” Krzyzewski said. “Obviously, we haven’t shot the ball well except for that [road] Virginia game, and Alex and Joey are two of our better shooters, so he’ll continue to get stuff.”

Perhaps Krzyzewski still wouldn’t have inserted Baker if he had seen O’Connell deliver in front of a record crowd beforehand, and Baker didn’t play in the second half while O’Connell had the hot hand, but White has missed 25 straight 3-point attempts and didn’t play at all Saturday.

Krzyzewski didn’t have an update on when Williamson will return, repeating that he is day-to-day, but said, “It’s an injury you can get over in a shorter period of time.” The Blue Devils’ head coach is in no hurry, though—his new-look squad showed that it’s capable of key wins without its freshman superstar.

“Everybody has more responsibility.

[Zion’s] a big part of our team, and everybody had to step up today,” Barrett said following his sixth 30-point game of the year. “That’s what we did.”

goals in the game’s last 16 minutes, Penn’s its own. opportunities were few and far between “Two innings of 10 plus runs in that game much of the game. The Quakers got feels really good as an offense, we were able just nine shots on goal in the first three to get involved and to get good pitches to quarters, and the visitors got off just 12 hit,” said Rothenberg. “As coach always says total shots between the second and third hitting is contagious so when you’ve got guys quarter after logging the same number in hitting it just keeps flowing and when you the opening stanza. send twelve guys to the plate in one inning Of course, it wasn’t all perfect. that’s a pretty good day.”

Following a game in which Duke Northwestern held an early lead in the committed 22 turnovers, nearly leading final game of the series, with a run in the to a defeat vs. Denver, the Blue Devils had top of the second. The fourth inning saw 15 giveaways against Penn (0-2). Some some action as the Wildcats tacked on of that was certainly due to the rain and another run that was quickly responded cold, but it’s something Duke will need to to with a hit by Gallagher in the right side improve upon—especially with the No. that brought Maxwell home. Freshman Kyle 1 team in the nation visiting in less than Salley replaced freshman Cooper Stinson for two weeks. his first career game on the mound, and held “We did turn the ball over, but there Northwestern scoreless. were a couple that were execution-style, The Blue Devils tied up the game at the meaning fundamentals and playing bottom of the sixth thanks to another hit right, and there were a couple that were

by Gallagher, but the Wildcats answered decision-making, and a couple where we with three more runs of their own. lacked communication,” Danowski said.

Duke would not go away as Rothenberg “Those are all areas that we’ll continue to cracked his second home run of the series. work on.”

However, the Blue Devils were unable to In goal, Turner Uppgren got the win, bring it home and earned the first blemish notching seven saves in 56-plus minutes of of their season. action while only allowing five goals.

“Northwestern’s a really great team, credit The Blue Devils will now return to the to them they played great baseball and we road for the first time since their season did one too many things wrong today,” said opener, as they head to Richmond, Rothenberg on their first loss. “There were Va., for a primetime matchup with the just a few small plays here and there. It’s just Spiders Friday. And in just 11 days, topbaseball, that’s how it goes.” ranked Loyola comes to Durham in Duke will return to the field against ThebeNew York Times Syndication Corporation what will a highly-anticipated clash Sales Richmond this Tuesday at the Durham Bulls Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y.Athletic 10018 Park. of perennial 620 powerhouses.

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T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

The Chronicle

10 | MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2019

Case study of integrity outside of the classroom: White tenting

T

enting has been a phenomenon on Duke’s campus for over 30 years. Beginning in 1986 with a group of friends who just wanted one of the best spots for the Duke vs. UNC game, the practice of tenting exploded into the intricate and complex system of checks and balances that we know today. The tenting groups are heavily

Duke Honor Council COLUMN regulated and monitored by the line monitors to ensure that everyone is following the tenting rules accordingly. As many know, there are varying levels of tenting: the black level, the blue level, and the white level. A couple of weeks ago, the line monitors rolled out a new approach to determining who was eligible to white tent and—in replacement of the walk-up line—flex tent. As for any other complex

onlinecomment “If you think that Greek life and SLGs are ANYTHING like real life, then you’re gonna have a rude awakening when you graduate buddy.”

—Katalina Elizabeth Hadfield, responding to “In defense of Greek life: Part II” via Facebook on Feb. 20, 2019

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methodology, it is important to analyze the procedure put into place to evaluate its systematic integrity.

Essentially, we must ask, “Did the methodology put forth by the line monitor committee demonstrate both honor and integrity?”

In a normal scavenger hunt style, the race to earn a spot as a white tent consisted of finding various locations via cryptic clues. The logic behind developing a line was the same: those groups to find the locations first would be placed higher on the list than the others; the first thirty groups to find the spots would earn spots as white tents, and the remaining thirty tents would earn spots as flex tents.

Instead of just doing one spot as they have done in years past, the line monitors chose to have six different locations. This meant groups had to spread out across campus and have different members check in at each location. Immediately, it sounds like a complex methodology.

During a recent talk regarding scientific integrity, Geeta Swammy, vice dean and associate vice provost of scientific integrity, discussed the importance of upholding integrity throughout a research or field procedure. As with any procedure seen within the research setting, certain protocols are required to ensure maximum safety and reproducibility and to minimize the amount of potential errors.

This scavenger hunt did not seem to meet these criteria, and therefore seemed to be less thoroughly developed. In consequence, confusion and disorder ensued throughout the hunt.

Because there were multiple locations that group members were required to check in to, the line monitors had to factor in the order of each group at each location in their final time/score.

This differs greatly than having just one location in which the line formed would translate directly into the list of groups earning a spot to white tent. The increased complexity would require a way in which the time each individual group member arrived at each station was factored in some cumulative time or score, in order to rank all of the groups. From there, then the line monitors could determine the list. Once the scavenger hunt was underway, the line monitors failed to take into account the long queues that developed due to poor staffing at each station.

Sorry, we lost a stupid bet.

UNC... still the best.

Furthermore, the way in which the line monitors dealt with the situation was faulty: stations had line monitors write numbers on the group member’s hand to keep the line in order. This did not take into account the actual time at which the groups were able to locate the spot. This meant the time of certain groups at certain stations were inherently skewed due to lack of oversight. It became obvious that this was clearly going to affect how the order of the lines were determined, requiring an even more intricate calculation in order to generate the list as accurately as possible. Bottom line: it seemed as if the methodology was not thoroughly analyzed, checked and tried like any other procedure should be prior to its implementation.

It is valid to see this application of scientific integrity on the white tenting scavenger hunt as a stretch; they are two very different fields that would produce very different consequences if the methodology were never double checked. However, tenting is an integral part of student life here at Duke. The UNC vs. Duke basketball game is one of the biggest events that occurs on campus in the spring. The rivalry runs deep, and proud Duke students want to cheer their team to victory. With Cameron being as small as it is, there has to be a way in which students are admitted into the game, placing a lot of weight on the integrity of tenting as a system.

Clearly, tenting is a constantly growing and increasingly complex system. If Duke wants this system to flourish fully in light of its increasing growth, figures of authority must find ways to perfect its methodology to ensure the system is one of honor and integrity.

Each part of the tenting process should be evaluated critically and meticulously in order to produce a system that match its growing popularity and intricacy. The scavenger hunt is just a single outside-the-classroom example where integrity is most important. Honor Council strives to promote a community of honor on Duke’s campus and the world of tenting falls in our domain. We encourage students and line monitors alike to keep the Duke Community Standard in mind each year during the tenting season to ensure we uphold our community’s values.

This article was written by Trinity sophomore Cliff Haley IV, who is also a columnist for The Chronicle.

The Chronicle

dukechronicle.com commentary

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2019 | 11

A $73,513 education

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ast week the Board of Trustees approved a 3.9 percent increase in the cost of undergraduate tuition for the 2019-2020 academic year, which will now be $55,380. The total “official” cost of attendance including tuition, room, board and fees will now be $73,519, up from $70,873. While the 3.9 percent increase was the lowest rate of increase in about 20 years—as reflected President Price’s statement that the adjustment reflected “concerns about balancing the costs of providing our educational experience”—student responses, as expected, have been less than favorable. As always, dissatisfied upper middle class Duke students went onto social media to voice their concerns about the 3.9 percent hike.

Over the past few years, the Editorial Board has

and four-year colleges in 2017 of $9 billion fell below its 2008 level, after adjusting for inflation. Earlier this month, the White House released its 2019 fiscal year budget request for an a 10.5 percent budget cut, which creates a loss of over $7 billion from education spending across PreK-12 and higher education. Even considering the amended budget requests, in which many of the higher education-specific reductions would be restored, questions about the viability of Pell grants remain. Though Duke functions as a private university, and is largely unaffected by state spending cuts, alterations to government-subsidized aid have ramifications for much of the student body.

The increase in tuition merits concern in part because students are sometimes unaware of where the money is

an endowment of $6.2 billion offers U.S. undergraduates with family incomes under $130,000 tuition-free scholarships. Moreover, Vanderbilt, with an endowment only about half that of Duke, provides loan-free aid to undergraduates. Though Rice is currently managing a $125 million fundraising campaign to fund its ambitious efforts at improving affordability, it seems somewhat questionable that Duke has yet to announce its own drastic expansion of financial aid in the near future despite possessing an endowment greater than our Southern peers.

The Board of Trustees’ decision will impact sectors of the student body differently depending on socioeconomic class. For Duke’s upper middle class students—possessing annual household incomes of around $150,000-$250,000,

being spent. In a 2014 NPR article, reporters discussed a claim by Jim Roberts, former executive vice-provost for finance and administration, that “we’re investing on average about $90,000 in the education of each student.”

Michael Schoenfeld, vice president for public affairs and government relations, was also cited in article, stating that most answers to Duke’s spending per student could be searched online. Given that this supposed investment for each student now is likely nearer to $100,000, perhaps Duke should make these seemingly arbitrary figures more transparent in the hopes of alleviating worries for Duke’s upper middle class students.

Duke University maintains a relatively “small” endowment of $8.5 billion, which is dwarfed by those of Stanford and Harvard, which stand at $24.8 and $39.2, respectively. Despite recent drives to expand and drive development, Duke still draws a shorter purse from which to manage rising costs. That being said, Rice University, with

likely making them ineligible for aid—this increase will most likely mean more belt tightening as their families struggle with the $73,519 price tag. However, increases in tuition at the expense of certain students, in this case the Duke “middle class,” need not be a zero-sum game; improving aid for some students does not have to lead to a reduction of that of other students. We also urge students to stay committed to collective action, as Price noted that the lower increase in tuition compared to previous years was partially the result of student concerns. The annual increases in tuition are unlikely to end in the foreseeable future; as an institution, nonetheless, we should still be concerned with mitigating and adapting to these increases as we approach an age where Duke may cost approximately $80,000 for the un-aided.

This was written by The Chronicle’s Editorial Board, which is made up of student members from across the University and is independent of the editorial staff.

Editorial Board interviewed former President Brodhead and President Price on a spectrum of campus issues, including financial aid. Brodhead noted that the real cost of attending Duke has actually declined for students on financial aid over the past few decades, which has been partially subsidized by such annual increases. Price’s response echoed Brodhead’s explanation, citing a larger issue of competing with peer schools to expand services and programs, in addition to providing need-based aid. Price also mentioned that the increase in financial aid spending depends mainly on unaided tuition dollars rather than the endowment, though he acknowledged uncertainty over the sustainability of the current tuition model in place.

The fact that current and past administrators are unsure of Duke’s ability to manage an increase in both financial aid and tuition should merit concern. Spending on higher education has remained well below historical levels despite recent increases in spending, as state funding for public two

Ethics of genome editing: Avoiding false equivalencies

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enturies from now, history will likely associate 2018 with the birth of the first genome-edited babies. This event, disclosed in November by Dr. He Jiankui from China, dragged humanity further into a murky ethical quagmire surrounding human embryonic germline editing. I stand with the vast majority

Jeffrey Smith GUEST COLUMNIST of my colleagues in the scientific community who believe that that the experiment revealed in November was ethically inappropriate, lacked medical merit and failed to conform to international norms. However, despite this deeply flawed example of human germline experimentation, increasing investments and research can benefit our society. Proper use of genome editing can feed millions, treat cancer and alleviate suffering.

Genome editing refers to mixing, adding and/or subtracting building blocks of DNA— those As, Gs, Cs, and Ts that act as a code of every living organism on our planet. Changes in our DNA genotype can lead to changes in our phenotype, the set of characteristics which include everything from our eye color to proteins that can increase or reduce risk of acquiring an infection or cancer. To some, genome editing offers possibility of ridding humanity of devastating heritable diseases.

To others, it is a chance for the rich and privileged to provide their children with even more advantages.

Debate on the ethics and utility of genome editing often overlooks two important considerations. The first consideration is to what kind of system genome editing is applied.

To most, experimentation in plants and mice are ethically disparate from experimentation in humans.

The second consideration is the type of cell being edited. Like consideration of the system, a similar ethical dichotomy exists when genome editing technology is applied to somatic cells (i.e., cells in the body for which changes cannot be passed to future generations) versus germline cells (i.e., eggs, sperm, or an early embryonic stage that results in editing all or most cells in a human; therefore edits will enter our population with a potential to be passed to future generations). Somatic cell genetic engineering has occurred safely for over two decades, and is closely regulated. For example, ongoing clinical trials to treat disorders of red blood cells, such as sickle cell disease, use CRISPR/ Cas9 to edit hemoglobin genes in red blood cell precursors, which are then infused into patients.

Any changes, or mistakes, that occur during this somatic cell editing process are limited to the individual. When engaging in discourse regarding genome editing technology, placing all systems and cell types into the same ethical basket is analogous to falsely equating different types of nuclear technology: while the merits of such powerful technology warrant thoughtful debate and thorough scrutiny, there is a clear ethical distinction between using atomic energy to power a city or to bomb it.

Applying genome editing technology to crops has, and will continue to, save lives.

Further investment in this technology could help close gaps in global inequality. Nobel laureate Sir Richard Roberts estimates that failure to utilize genome editing technology in plants to provide vitamin supplementation has resulted in the deaths of millions in resource-poor countries. Potential misuse of most any technology could have harmful effects on society, and genome editing

technologies for improving crop yields and health benefits are no different. However, the degree of misinformation disseminated about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) seems higher relative to other technologies.

Scare tactics, such as that genetically modified plants will somehow cross DNA over into humans, are not infrequently repeated. All plants we eat contain DNA, modified or otherwise. The four DNA nucleotides do not change with genome editing. All that changes is the amount of, or relative ratio of, these nucleotides. We digest the genomes from plant GMO or ‘non GMO’ DNA equivalently.

Eating a plant from either a modified variant or a normal variant conveys no risk of either acquiring, or passing on to our children, the ability to photosynthesize. Suggestions that we could acquire other traits or become mutants ourselves from eating genetically modified organisms are not founded in science.

While genome editing technology can provide our planet with more nutrients to help children grow up healthy, it can also help us as we age. For example, genome editing of human somatic cells offers the opportunity to reprogram our immune cells to fight cancer. In recently FDA approved CAR T-cell therapy, a patient’s own immune cells can be isolated, efficiently and specifically genetically edited with technology (such as CRISPR/ Cas9) to target certain types of cancer, and reintroduced back into her or his body.

While this technology is currently resourceintensive and expensive, the promise of using this technology to save our loved ones is very real. However, without further research and clinical trials utilizing this genome somatic cell editing, CAR T-cell therapy will only target a small subset of cancers and neither be widely accessible nor affordable.

Similarly, using genome editing

technology within non-germline cells (such as those grown in petri-like dishes within incubators) for laboratory research will allow us to discover new drug targets, as well as provide us with a deeper understanding of how our biological world functions. Initial studies using recombinant DNA in bacterial cells in the 1970s, and later mammalian cells, led to the ability to synthesize insulin, which revolutionized treatment for those with diabetes. In addition, genome editing can be used to quickly and efficiency knock in or knock out certain proteins in these cells to see if they might have relevance in cancer or inflammation. Genome editing of non-germline human cells in the laboratory has occurred for decades and is responsibly regulated.

Introducing legislative restrictions on genome editing without consideration for either the system or the cell type would be profoundly detrimental to scientific discovery.

Less than a century since Franklin, Watson and Crick conducted foundational experiments defining the structure of DNA, the first genomeedited human babies have been brought to term. As our society continues to grapple with ethical implications, let us be wary of sweeping generalities and false equivalencies that could undermine responsibly using genome editing technology to create a more healthy and prosperous world for all of us.

Jeffrey S. Smith is a 7th year MD/PhD student.

He utilized genome editing technology during his thesis work with Dr. Sudarshan Rajagopal and Nobel laureate Dr. Robert J. Lefkowitz. Jeffrey discussed the ethical implications of genome editing as representative of the United States with Dr. Richard Roberts and others Nobel laureates at the 68th Lindau Laureate meeting in June of 2018.

You can follow him on twitter @jeffsmith1342

The Chronicle

dukechronicle.com

12 | MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2019

CAN’T MISS EVENTS FEBRUARY 21-APRIL 14

Exhibition: Pop America

Thursday, February 21-Sunday, July 21 Despite the wide appeal of Pop art’s engaging imagery, the broader public remains unaware of the participation and significant contribution of Latin American and Latino/a artists working at the same time and alongside their U.S. and European counterparts. The Nasher Museum presents Pop América, 1965-1975, the first exhibition with a hemispheric vision of Pop. The exhibition will make a timely and critical contribution to a more complete understanding of this artistic period.

Antonio Dias, The Illustration of Art/Uncovering the Cover-Up, 1973. Screenprint and acrylic on canvas, 35.82 x 53.54 inches (91 x 136 cm). Courtesy of the artist and Galeria Nara Roesler, New York, New York and Rio, de Janeiro, Brazil. © Antonio Dias.

SCREEN SOCIETY: ON DANGEROUS GROUND (1951) 35MM Monday, February 25 7 pm Rubenstein Arts Center, Film Theatre

MFA|EDA THESIS EXHIBITION Monday, March 18-Saturday, April 13 Duke and Durham

CAMILLE A. BROWN & DANCERS: MR. TOL E RANCE Friday, March 1 & Saturday, March 2 8 pm Reynolds industries Theater

FULL FRAME DOCUMENTARY FILM FESTIVAL Thursday, April 4-Sunday, April 7 Durham, North Carolina

DUKE SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA WITH KAREN WALWYN, PIANIST Wednesday, March 6 8 pm Baldwin Auditorium

SPRING MAINSTAGE PRODUCTION: BAD ROADS Thursday, April 4-Sunday, April 14 Sheafer Theater

CHOREOLAB 2019 Friday, April 12 & Saturday, April 13 Reynolds Industries Theater

Katie King (’18) a tangle of branches

Brought to you by Department of Art, Art History and Visual Studies, Center for Documentary Studies, Dance Program, Music Department, Master of Fine Arts in Experimental & Documentary Studies, Nasher Museum of Art, Program in the Arts of the Moving Image’s Screen/Society, Theater Studies and Duke Performances.