January 20, 2016

Extreme rhetoric in the GOP race

The impact of Jefferson’s absence A data-driven look at how the Blue Devils have fared without their senior captain | Sports Page 6

Duke leaders explain why they think Donald Trump and Ted Cruz have been successful | Page 2

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ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVENTH YEAR, ISSUE 62

Trial for expelled McLeod delayed for second time Ian Jaffe The Chronicle Nearly two years after an undergraduate conduct board found Lewis McLeod responsible for sexual misconduct, his lawsuit against the University and administrators has been delayed a second time.

McLeod, who entered Duke with the Class of 2014, was expelled after a hearing by the Office of Student Conduct found him responsible for sexual misconduct following a female freshman’s report that she was sexually assaulted by McLeod in November 2013. McLeod appealed the decision, but a Duke appellate board upheld the decision in April 2014.

McLeod—who is the first Duke student known to be expelled for sexual assault—filed a preliminary injunction against the University in May 2014, arguing that his expulsion came after an unfair investigation and hearing. He is now suing the University for his diploma and damages.

His trial in the Durham County Superior Court—which was originally set to begin in February 2015 then rescheduled for Feb. 1, 2016—has been postponed again, with a new court date not yet set, wrote Michael Schoenfeld, vice president for public affairs and government relations, in an email.

He noted that the University does not comment on pending litigation.

The trial was first delayed in December 2014, when McLeod’s legal team added three additional defendants to the suit: Sue Wasiolek, assistant vice president for student affairs and dean of students, Stephen Bryan, associate dean

Graphic by Lucy Zhang | The Chronicle

of students and director of the Office of Student Conduct and Celia Irvine, a psychologist hired by Duke to conduct an independent investigation for the student conduct hearing.

The amended complaint focuses on Duke’s decision to hire Irvine— who, according to the filing, was “incompetent, capricious and lacked fundamental fairness.”

According to the complaint, Irvine’s psychology license does not permit her

to conduct such legal investigations in North Carolina. It notes that Wasiolek was responsible for interviewing and retaining Irvine, and alleges that the University knew she was not licensed when Irving was hired.

“It kind of begs the question of why Duke hired her,” Rachel Hitch, who serves as McLeod’s lawyer, told The Chronicle in February 2015.

Hitch, Irvine and Bryan could not be reached for comment in time for

publication.

McLeod’s case began in November 2013, when a female freshman student reported being sexually assaulted

by McLeod, who was then a senior, according to the civil suit.

The two students met at Shooters II Saloon and left in a cab together, which dropped both students off at McLeod’s off-campus residence, where the two See MCLEOD on Page 5

Duke Health System adds state’s first hand transplant program Ian Jaffe The Chronicle

Special to The Chronicle Dr. Linda Cendales is the director of North Carolina’s first hand transplantation program.

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One of the newest additions to the Duke University Health System is North Carolina’s first hand transplantation program.

Hand transplantation—officially recognized as vascularized composite allotransplantation—is one of the newest methods for rehabilitating patients who have lost one or both limbs below the elbow. Fewer than 150 hand transplants have ever been done in the world—with the first successful one performed in 1999, explained Dr. Linda Cendales, associate professor of surgery and director of the hand transplantation program.

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“It’s super exciting...hand transplantation is still an innovative therapy,” Cendales said.

Duke’s program will focus on research into how a hand transplant might improve a person’s quality of life, Cendales noted.

“Our program at Duke is a very strong multidisciplinary program that is looking to evaluate the ability of people who receive transplants to perform their daily tasks compared to before they had the surgery, such as comparing the transplant to a prosthetic,” she said.

Dr. Allan Kirk, chairman of the department of surgery at the School of Medicine and professor of surgery, immunology and pediatrics, noted that hand transplantation

Serving the University since 1905

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research continues to help advance a variety of medical fields—including rehabilitation medicine, immunology and neurobiology. "[Hand transplantation research] helps us advance numerous diverse fields, such as understanding why transplanted organs reject, how to manage the immune system to prevent that rejection and basic biology of how the immune system prevents infection, autoimmune disease, cancer, et cetera,” Kirk wrote in an email. “Watching a person re-innervate a transplanted limb teaches us how the brain recovers from stroke and how nerves can be impelled to redevelop after spinal cord injury and the like.”

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See TRANSPLANT on Page 5 © 2015 The Chronicle

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Extreme rhetoric helping Cruz, Panelists describe experiences as Trump, Duke leaders say black students studying abroad Likhitha Butchireddygari The Chronicle The use of extreme rhetoric by presidential candidates has sparked nationwide debates about American political polarization.

Republican presidential candidates Donald Trump and Sen. Ted Cruz have been the center of media attention for their use of inflammatory language, notably when Trump referred to Mexican immigrants as rapists and drug traffickers and when Cruz called for the carpet-bombing of the Islamic State group. Although news coverage of candidates’ rhetoric may be polarizing Americans and deepening the partisan divide, it has also arguably contributed to the current success of Trump and Cruz in the presidential race, explained Duke faculty and student leaders.

“There’s a kind of anxiety in the air probably across the country, but certainly

with certain populations in the U.S. that Cruz and Trump are tapping into,” said Frederick Mayer, professor of public policy, political science and environment. “Both of those candidates have found a way to frame their message that’s really resonating with the anxieties about American decline, threats from terrorists abroad and at home, perceived threats to the American way of life.”

In last Tuesday’s State of the Union address, President Barack Obama assured Americans that the country is not in decline, despite inflammatory claims.

“I told you earlier all the talk of America’s economic decline is political hot air,” he said. “Well, so is all the rhetoric you hear about our enemies getting stronger and America getting weaker. Let me tell you something—the United States of America is the most powerful nation on Earth, period.”

See RHETORIC on Page 4

Photo Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Sen. Ted Cruz has received criticism for saying he would command troops to carpet-bomb the Islamic State group, but has still been polling well early in the GOP race.

Adam Beyer The Chronicle A panel of students addressed what it means to be black while studying abroad Tuesday evening.

The event titled “The Black Experience Abroad–Duke Student Truths” drew about 40 people and was sponsored by the Mary Lou Williams Center for Black Culture and the Duke Global Education Office. Students shared their insights about how being black in America differs from being black abroad, noting that their black identities were often perceived less prominently than their American identities.

“Sometimes I see myself as a black woman, but I feel like in Northern Ireland I saw myself as a woman that was black,” said senior Chioma Iwelomo who participated in DukeEngage Northern Ireland. “It was very nationality based.”

Other panelists included junior

Justin Bryant, senior Amari El-Amin, senior Marleen Jones-Pool, junior Shaun Jones and Janaka Lewis, Trinity ’03 and assistant professor of English at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. They explained that being abroad was a fun experience overall but still had its challenges.

Some students said that being black abroad made them stand out in racially homogeneous societies.

“It was so clear that I was black. It was not like a racial tension, but there were a lot of stares,” Bryant, who studied and interned in China, said. “Maybe somebody else would have thought differently about it, but it just seemed like a very friendly society that was very curious.”

Other panelists heard criticisms of the United States during their time abroad.

“On the one hand, I am proud to represent America, but it was nice to see a perspective from outside the U.S. that was looking at us like, ‘What is going on See ABROAD on Page 4

Jesùs Hidalgo | The Chronicle Students noted that they had to reconsider how their identities were perceived as black students studying abroad as part of Tuesday’s panel.

Are you thinking about getting a PhD?

THE MELLON MAYS UNDERGRADUATE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM AT DUKE IS CURRENTLY RECRUITING SOPHOMORES AND A SELECT NUMBER OF JUNIORS WHO ARE PLANNING TO MAJOR IN AND ATTEND A PhD PROGRAM FOLLOWING GRADUATION IN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING DISCIPLINES: Anthropology and Archeology Area/Cultural/Ethnic/ Gender Studies Art History Classics Computer Science Geography and Population Studies Earth/Environmental/Geological Science and Ecology

English Film, Cinema and Media Studies (theoretical focus) Musicology and Ethnomusicology Foreign Languages and Literature History Linguistics Literature Mathematics

Oceanographic/Marine/ Atmospheric/Planetary Science Performance Studies (theoretical focus) Philosophy Physics and Astronomy Religion and Theology Sociology Theater (non-performance focus)

The goal of the Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship Program, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, is to increase the number of underrepresented minority students (African American, Hispanic/Latino-a American and Native American) and others with a demonstrated commitment to eradicating racial disparities who will pursue PhDs in core fields in the arts and sciences.

Mellon Mays fellows recruited as sophomores receive two years of support, an annual stipend of $7,500 ($3,900 for the summer and $1,800 each semester), a $750 summer housing allowance, and an annual research travel budget of $600. Those fellows recruited as juniors receive one summer + one academic year of support. Additionally, each senior fellow receives a $400 research budget to cover project-related expenses and a $600 allocation for a GRE prep course. Each mentor receives a yearly award of $800.

Application Deadline: Friday, March 11, 2016 For further information and application materials, visit our website: http://undergraduateresearch.duke.edu/urs-programs/mellon-mays-undergraduate-fellowship-program Questions?

Contact: Dr. Kerry Haynie, 660-4366 (klhaynie@duke.edu) / Ms. Deborah Wahl, 684-6066 (deborah.wahl@duke.edu)

The Duke STEAM Challenge is supported by the Vice Provost for Academic Affairs and the Franklin Humanities Institute Digital Humanities Initiative. Additional support is provided by the Information Science + Studies Program, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, and the Pratt School of Engineering.

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Evolutionary anthropologists tout benefits of human sleep Heather Zhou The Chronicle Humans evolved to have shorter but deeper sleep than our closest animal relatives, research by Duke scientists suggests.

Duke evolutionary anthropologists David Samson and Charles Nunn studied sleeping patterns of hundreds of mammals—including 21 species of primates—in relation to ecological factors. Samson and Nunn found that humans are huge outliers who have exceptionally shorter sleep times and a higher proportion of rapid eye movement sleep—a deep stage of sleep that is important for consolidating memory and involves mental processes that may benefit humans.

“All great apes, including humans, build nests on the ground and lay down to sleep. This exposes us to more predation,” Nunn said.

He explained that as human ancestors moved from sleeping in the trees to building nests and sleeping on the ground, they evolved to have shorter sleep due to safety reasons.

The two researchers found that the wide variation in different animal species’ sleeping patterns could also be accounted for by ecological traits such as body size and the availability of food. They modeled differences in sleep times among species using statistical techniques but noticed that humans are an exception.

“What we do is build models where we predict how much sleep we will find in humans if humans were just typical primates with the various kinds of traits

humans also have higher portion of REM sleep, making up approximately 25 percent of the overall sleep, than most primates.

“You can’t really achieve it without a safe place to lie down because the body is largely paralyzed during REM sleep.” Nunn said. e are The two researchers intend really to continue interested in their study of understanding sleeping patterns and utilize the the global to help patterns of sleep. knowledge solve global health problems. Samson —Charles is now in Tanzania Nunn studying the sleeping patterns of a hunter-gather society there.

“We are really interested in understanding the global patterns of sleep. How does that change seasonally?

How does that change based on the development status of different countries?” Nunn said.

He explained that in some poor developing countries, people also have very poor sleep quality. One of their goals is to understand how and why people are suffering from poor sleep and how it is linked to global health challenges that people are facing around the world.

“It all really revolves around studying human health in an evolutionary perspective,” Nunn said, “It’s important to understand why we have the traits we have so that we can better understand and improve in health.”

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Jesùs Hidalgo | The Chronicle David Samson and Charles Nunn have found that human sleeping patterns are more efficient than the sleeping patterns of humans’ closest relatives.

that humans have,” Nunn explained.

“We saw that the actual sleep times that humans had were actually very different from what you might predict.

It’s much shorter. ” The unique human sleeping pattern also holds true in traditional societies without electricity—suggesting that the evolution of humans’ shorter sleeping time was not solely due to the artificial

lights in the modern society.

For instance, people tend to stay up past darkness around the world—even without electricity, they use fires or even flashlights and behave flexibly with regard to when they go to sleep, Nunn noted.

Shorter sleep also allows more time for social and individual learning as well as socializing, he added.

In addition to shorter sleeping time,

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4 | WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2016

that bipartisan reform is possible and will occur on certain issues. On campus, there have been a few bipartisan discussions, such as the Battle of the Brains debate between college Democrats and Republicans hosted

by Duke Student Government last in iberals November which students tend discussed issues ranging from racial to amongst discrimination to themselves. the national debt.

Conservatives Although there have been bipartisan are afraid to express their discussions, Lemon noted that there opinions. are barriers to fostering discussion — Adam between students of Lemon opposing political parties on campus.

“There are a lot more liberals on campus than conservatives,” Lemon said. “Liberals tend to talk amongst themselves.

Conservatives are afraid to express their opinions, so they don’t really talk and neither side is really willing to engage too much.”

Mayer attributed the polarization and the lack of engagement between the two sides to something more than just extreme rhetoric.

“At some deep level, many of the problems we’ve been talking about are really manifestations of a loss of trust in each other, in our institutions and the like,” he said. “This whole dysfunction is a trust problem. We stopped trusting institutions. We don’t trust politicians. A world where you have very little trust is a much less functional world.”

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Chronicle File Photo Duke Student Government hosted a Battle of the Brains debate last semester between college Democrats and Republicans, one example of bipartisan campus dialogue.

RHETORIC from page 2 Mayer noted that factors such as low unemployment, low crime levels and fewer instances of terrorism on American soil should also ease the anxiety of Americans.

“It’s ironic because you can make the claim that we have less to fear today than just about any people in any time in history,” he said. “All these factors that should make us feel good.”

Junior Adam Lemon, president of the Duke College Republicans, said that extreme rhetoric was necessary for the success of Trump and Cruz in

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a field of more than 15 candidates, where standing out in any way was imperative. He also noted that cable news has used stories about Trump to boost ratings.

“I think part of the reason that [Donald Trump] is polling so high is that his name is just so ubiquitous through all of the news media,” said freshman Steve Hassey, communications director for Duke Democrats. “Him being such a polarizing figure makes the mass coverage of him even more polarizing.”

Both Lemon and Mayer discussed how news can have a negative impact when it focuses on polarizing comments.

However, Mayer said he was optimistic

ABROAD from page 2 over there?’ That affirmed that there are issues here,” said El-Amin, who studied abroad in Istanbul.

Soraya Campbell, who works in the Duke Global Education Office and moderated the discussion, emphasized the importance of black students going abroad while at Duke, noting most students who go abroad are white women.

“We try to encourage students who are of color, especially black students, to go abroad. A lot of countries don’t get that experience of ‘Hey, there are black Americans in the U.S.,’” she said. “You’re doing a bit of diplomacy going abroad as a black student.”

Several students noted that issues related to race came from the white Duke students they went with rather than the people in the countries they visited.

“I never felt ostracized or anything on the grounds of race,” Iwelumo said, noting that she was the only black person in her group. “It was actually more within my DukeEngage group that I felt racial tension than I did with the population.

My group dynamics almost ruined my experience for me.”

She also said that her group seemed to want to maintain a social hierarchy as if they were still on Duke’s campus.

Others noted that they sometimes struggled with loneliness as black students, especially when news of racist incidents in America reached them abroad. Bryant said the experience presented an opportunity for introspection and learning.

“Growth is fostered through discomfort, so don’t be afraid to be uncomfortable,” Bryant noted. “If your friends are scared they’ll be uncomfortable going abroad, good. Do it. That’s what it’s for.”

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MCLEOD from page 1 engaged in sexual intercourse. McLeod claims this was consensual, while the female student alleges it was not consensual, and that she made it clear she did not wish to continue.

The female student reported the alleged rape to both the University and the Durham Police Department the following day, according to the complaint.

However, the DPD investigation into the matter was soon closed without charging McLeod because of the female student’s “lack of cooperation.” The case then went through Duke’s disciplinary process.

McLeod’s complaint alleges that the University’s investigation of the misconduct was “sloppy,” and that the Office of Student Conduct hearings “violated Duke University’s own written standards for sexual misconduct and student disciplinary hearings, as well as all notions of fundamental fairness.”

The filing also accuses the University of violating some of its own policies regarding student conduct hearings, including failing to give McLeod the

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then-unpublished sexual misconduct policy and copies of the evidence that was going to be presented. Duke had changed its policies in Summer 2013 to include expulsion as the recommended sanction for sexual assault.

The suit additionally claims that the panel relied heavily on anonymous witnesses in arriving at their airness finding, while it “interrupted, to Mr. ignored and McLeod was did not solicit not a priority. significant testimony” from — Rachel Hitch witnesses called on McLeod’s behalf.

The complaint states that one student, who was the last person to have contact with McLeod and the complainant before the alleged attack, was not allowed to speak at all.

The complaint also alleges that at one point the female student said that she wanted the charges against McLeod dropped, but Bryan withheld this information from the panel.

F

Correction: In Tuesday’s print edition, a quote in the article about the death of William Anlyan, former chancellor for health affairs, was incorrectly attributed to Nancy Andrews, dean of the School of Medicine, instead of Michael Schoenfeld, vice president for public relations and government affairs. The Chronicle regrets the error.

One contentious allegation in the filing is that the hearing panel improperly used “intoxication” rather than “incapacitation” as the standard for inability to give consent. Both students admitted to being intoxicated at the time the assault allegedly took place.

McLeod’s expulsion was the first conducted under the University’s new sexual misconduct policy, which was updated in the Summer of 2013 and listed expulsion as the default sanction for sexual misconduct. The policy was later revised in 2014, and again in 2015. Hitch previously said that the University was looking to prove that it was harsh on sexual misconduct by clarifying the policy.

“Duke was looking to expel the first kid under that new practice to show how tough they were on sexual assault,” Hitch told The Chronicle in February 2015. “Fairness to Mr. McLeod was not a priority.”

TRANSPLANT from page 1 The program at Duke is partially funded through a partnership with the Department of Defense—as part of a greater effort to treat war injuries such as limb amputation.

Fewer than 20 centers in the U.S. offer hand transplantation.

“Our hand transplant program is a partnership with the DoD to explore all the ways to help rehabilitate individuals who have returned from battle in need of limb replacement,” Kirk noted.

Cendales said that the program is currently recruiting and evaluating patients to be potential recipients of transplants.

Evaluations can take as long as a week—the medical team uses this time

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2016 | 5

to evaluate the patient for their ability to have a successful transplant and for the patient to ask the team any questions he or she might have, she noted.

After the evaluation is complete and the patient is approved, the patient goes on to the donor matching process. The process for matching a donor hand to a recipient is similar to a common transplant, although there are some differences, Cendales added.

“The procedure is very similar to any other organ transplant,” she noted. “There is a waiting list.

Our program matches for blood type, skin pigmentation, size, and sex, because what makes hand transplantation different is that it is a quality of life transplant and the transplantation is visible.”

Another difference Cendales noted with hand transplants is that there is no time limit on when they can be performed.

“Hands have been transplanted from two months to 30 years after amputation,” she said.

Although the Duke’s hand transplant program is still in its early stages, it has recently been approved to perform five transplants, Cendales said.

Kirk noted that for some patients, a hand transplant can change their lives entirely. “[The foremost reason to start this program] is the clinical need for selected individuals who have lost one or more limbs and have significant impairment that can’t be easily rectified with a prosthesis,” he wrote. “This is a small number of patients, but in properly selected cases, the restoration of a limb is transformative.”

Attention PUBPOL and other Undergraduate Majors!

Study Away at University of Glasgow in Fall 2016 Apply for Study Away in Glasgow, Scotland Application Deadline: March 1, 2016 Information Meeting: Tuesday, January 26, 2016 5:00 – 6:00pm Room 200 Rubenstein Hall You are strongly encouraged to attend this meeting if you are interested in studying away at the University of Glasgow during the Fall 2016 semester. Students who have participated in the Glasgow program in the past will also be present to answer questions and share their experiences. Refreshments will be served.

The Duke in Glasgow program page and application can be found at the Duke Global Education website: http://globaled.duke.edu/Programs/Semester/Duke_in_ Glasgow. Contact meghann.lail@duke.edu for additional information.

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THE BLUE ZONE

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COLUMN

ATHLETICS

Data digging: Evaluating Jefferson’s absence Hall of Famer Sime passes away

When Amile Jefferson went out with a foot injury Dec. 14, it was evident that Duke’s season had just taken a major detour.

Through the team’s first nine games, the senior forward had proven to be the Blue Devils’ most reliable player. Jefferson was ably filling a hole in the team’s most obvious area of need—frontcourt weapons—with a double-double average of 11.4 points and 10.3 rebounds per game. At the time of his injury, Jefferson was leading the team with a 68.3 field goal percentage and ranked fifth in the country with 4.8 offensive boards per game.

With an offensive game centered around crashing the glass and converting misses into easy buckets, the Philadelphia native was the rare offensive player who could score without ever really needing the ball.

This allowed the Blue Devils to keep the ball in the hands of their talented backcourt, and create more first-shot opportunities for the likes of Brandon Ingram and Grayson Allen.

And as effective as Jefferson was offensively, he provided even more value for Duke as its undisputed vocal leader on the defensive end of the floor. At 6-foot-9, he presented formidable post defense and had the length to stretch the floor on screens or at the top of various zone schemes head coach Mike

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absence has been felt the most in the rebounding department. Krzyzewski immediately shifted to a four-guard lineup of sorts—sliding the 6-foot-9 Ingram to the four slot as a makeshift power forward—that left the Blue Devils short-handed on the glass.

In its first nine games, Duke posted an average rebounding margin of plus6.6, and outrebounded every one of its

A three-sport star and Olympic silver medalist, Duke Athletics Hall of Famer Dave Sime died Jan. 12. He was 79.

On the track, Sime set seven world records as a sprinter, winning 12 ACC championships in the process. He was named the ACC’s Athlete of the Year in 1956, also garnering All-America honors and earning Most Valuable Player honors at the ACC Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

A rivalry with fellow sprinter Bobby Morrow of Abilene Christian soon developed, with Sime—dubbed “Superman in spikes” by Sports Illustrated—beating Morrow, an eventual three-time gold medalist, in the 100-meter dash at the 1956 Drake Relays. But Sime’s dreams of capturing a gold medal at the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne, Australia, were dashed when he suffered a serious leg injury before the Olympics got underway.

Sime recovered, though, and returned to Durham in 1957 to lead the Blue Devils on the baseball diamond, the sport he originally committed to play at

See DATA DIGGING on Page 7

See SIME on Page 9

Melanie Park | The Chronicle Duke is 6-4 without senior captain Amile Jefferson, who has been sidelined since Dec. 14 with a fractured right foot.

Krzyzewski employed from time to time.

It’s now been more than a month since Jefferson was sidelined, and with a speedy return unlikely, it’s time to look at the post-Jefferson version of these Blue Devils. This week’s three-game losing streak—the eight, ninth and 10th contests Duke has played without its senior captain—put the team’s record at 6-4, as opposed to the 8-1 ledger it compiled with Jefferson on the floor.

Not surprisingly, Jefferson’s

WOMEN’S TENNIS

Blue Devils welcome Elon for first spring dual match Ali Wells The Chronicle Duke and Elon are less than an hour’s drive apart, but the two squads have never crossed paths in dual match play.

That changes Wednesday, when Elon the No. 16 Blue vs.

Devils will host the No. 16 Phoenix at 3 p.m. at Duke the Sheffield Indoor Tennis Center, WEDNESDAY, 3 p.m.

Sheffield Indoor looking to open Tennis Center spring head-to-head competition with a win for the ninth straight season.

Duke will also look to continue its home success of the past five seasons, entering its first of 12 home matches with a record of 53-6 at Sheffield Indoor Tennis Center and Ambler Stadium

since 2010-11.

“It’s important for our group to start off and play as well as we can,” Duke head coach Jamie Ashworth said. “We have a fairly young group except for one fifth-year senior—almost half of them haven’t played in dual matches before. It’s important that we play smart and play with energy and control what we can control, which is our effort and intensity.”

The Blue Devils lost a decorated trio of seniors to graduation in Rachel Kahan, Annie Mulholland and Ester Goldfeld, who guided the squad to a 17-10 record in the spring season last year with just one loss at home—a 4-3 upset at the hands of Georgia Tech to end an eight-match winning streak.

The squad earned an at-large bid to the NCAA team competition as the 20thSee W. TENNIS on Page 8

Motin Yeung | The Chronicle The Blue Devils will return home from a weekend in Las Vegas to open dual competition against Elon Wednesday afternoon.

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WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2016 | 7

Alex Deckey | The Chronicle Center Marshalll Plumlee grabbed 17 rebounds against Syracuse, but the Blue Devils have been outrebounded in all four of their losses without Amile Jefferson.

DATA DIGGING from page 6 opponents. The last 10 games tell a vastly different story—the Blue Devils have been outrebounded in all four losses during this stretch and six times overall, including three by double-digits. Duke’s defensive rebounding percentage has dropped by more than three percentage points—meaning opponents (like Tyler Roberson and his 12 offensive rebounds Monday) are getting better at grabbing their own misses. The Blue Devils have also pulled down 1.6 fewer offensive boards per game, exactly the phase of the game Jefferson excels in.

As Ingram’s spot in the starting lineup shifted, so too, has his production. The Kinston, N.C., native’s minutes have increased drastically from 26.9 to 35.8 since Jefferson’s injury—the biggest increase of any player— and Ingram is grabbing more than three additional rebounds per game. Duke’s four-guard set in many ways tailors to Ingram’s strengths offensively, as it gives the lengthy swingman more space to take defenders out to the perimeter and drive to the rim.

Whether it be a result of the smaller lineup or simply adjusting to the college game, Ingram’s offensive production since the injury has skyrocketed—19.3 points per game on 50 percent shooting, as compared to 13.7 points per game on 45

percent shooting before Jefferson’s injury.

The second-biggest minutes increase has gone to freshman Luke Kennard, who was inserted into the starting lineup in Jefferson’s first missed game against Georgia Southern, and again Saturday against the Fighting Irish. Kennard’s playing time has bumped up from 20.2 minutes per game to 28.5—and, like Ingram, his production has climbed as well.

At the beginning of the season, Kennard struggled to find his shooting rhythm and shot 30 percent or worse in five of his first nine games. Since Jefferson’s injury, though, the Franklin, Ohio, native has transformed into an efficient offensive force—save Monday’s 0-for9 debacle against the Orange—shooting better than 45 percent from the field, increasing his scoring to 15.3 points per game from 8.9, and pulling down more than twice as many rebounds.

Down in the post, Marshall Plumlee has had to adjust to being the only true big to see significant minutes, but his numbers have spiked too—6.2 additional minutes per game, accompanied by 4.7 more points, 2.9 more rebounds per contest and an eight-point bump in field goal percentage.

Ingram, Kennard and Plumlee have all gotten more minutes and been more productive—on a per minute played basis—since Jefferson’s injury five weeks ago, yet the Blue Devils have picked up four of their five

losses with him on the bench. Why is that?

Allen and Matt Jones have seen their shooting numbers dip slightly, and both are averaging more than 35 minutes per game since mid-December. Both guards are considered veterans on this young Duke team and Krzyzewski puts a lot of trust in them, but they haven’t quite been able to pick up the slack in crunch time.

Neither Chase Jeter nor Sean Obi has not been able to step up as a solid second big off the bench— Jeter has just nine points against 21 fouls in 72 minutes since Jefferson went out—and Duke has faced a string of very good power forwards in the likes of Jakob Poeltl, Devin Thomas, Zach LeDay, Jaron Blossomgame and Bonzie Colson. Plumlee’s offensive numbers may have increased, but the lack of a quality backup means he has to be more cautious on the defensive end to avoid fouls—a reality other teams have quickly exploited by attacking the paint and the offensive glass.

Then there’s the reality that the Blue Devils are basically functioning with a six-man rotation, which causes an incalculable amount of fatigue and slippage in play. Tiredness combined with a lack of frontcourt size is a recipe for a team to be dominated on the glass—and that’s precisely what happened in each of Duke’s three losses this week.

Sanjeev Dasgupta | The Chronicle Duke has missed Amile Jefferson’s veteran presence on the defensive end of the floor, particularly on the glass.

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W. TENNIS from page 6 ranked team, where it fell 0-4 to thenNo. 7 Georgia.

With three freshmen—the No. 2 recruiting class of Ellyse Hamlin, Jessica Ho and Kaitlyn McCarthy—coming in to fill those big shoes, Duke will look to senior Beatrice Capra to guide the underclassmen through its grueling dual match schedule, featuring nine squads ranked in the top 20 of the most recent ITA poll.

Capra is on pace to become the 25th player in Duke history to surpass the 100-win mark with 77 singles victories on her resume, after earning doubledigit wins on court one for the third time in her career in 2015. The Ellicott City, Md., native earned first-team AllACC honors and the Inaugural Charles Hamilton Hargrave Award—presented to the team’s most valuable player— for her efforts last season. Capra tops the list of four Blue Devils in the ITA singles rankings at No. 28, ahead of No. 29 McCarthy, No. 70 Hamlin and No. 79 Chalena Scholl.

“From a coaching standpoint, if your hardest workers are your best players, it makes it a lot easier because other people see that work ethic and aspire to have that work ethic,” Ashworth said. “[Capra] works tremendously hard and has done everything that we have asked of her, and that trickles down to the other girls on the team.”

For redshirt freshman Christina Makarova, the adjustment to collegiate

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play will be even more challenging as she spent the majority of last season recovering from surgery and did not pick up a racket. The highly-touted recruit competed in only three matches in the fall of 2015.

“She has hardly played any tennis over the last year and a half,” Ashworth said. “The important thing for her is understanding the process—she’s going to have days where she is great and days where she struggles a little bit. Tennis is such a recall sport and she’s going into that a little bit blind. But the more she plays, the more she will definitely get that back.”

Makarova competed in two matches at the UNLV Invitational last weekend and left Las Vegas with an even ledger.

The San Diego native will have her next opportunity to get back in a rhythm Wednesday.

Elon (0-1) kicked off its spring season with a loss in Chapel Hill against No. 4 North Carolina Jan. 10. The Tar Heels dispatched the Phoenix 6-1, with the only point for the visiting squad coming from court two singles. Sophomore Erica Braschi earned the win against Marika Akkerman by retirement in the second set.

Braschi and her four classmates make up most of Elon’s roster, joining lone senior Taylor Casey. The Phoenix welcomed three new faces in the fall, including junior Natalia Janowicz—a transfer from N.C. State.

Janowicz played in a dual match against the Blue Devils during her freshman season but suffered swift

Carolyn Chang | Chronicle File Photo Senior Beatrice Capra will take the court Wednesday looking to move one win closer to career singles victory No. 100. Capra enters the spring season with 77 career triumphs.

defeats against Mulholland in singles 2-6, 2-6 and doubles against Mulholland and Scholl 2-8.

Although Duke will see unfamiliar faces across the net Wednesday, the squad’s preparation for its first dual match will be no different with the focus on the team’s intensity and focus.

“I told the girls it doesn’t

matter if we are playing Elon or [North Carolina] or Florida, our preparation needs to be the same and our mindset needs to be the same,” Ashworth said. “Especially since we are so young, we have to get into those patterns of how we prepare and what we do mentally and physically before we play.”

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SIME from page 6

“lonesome end” was good enough to earn a selection by the Detroit Lions in the 1959 NFL draft.

He was inducted into the Duke Athletics Hall of Fame in 1976.

After graduating in 1958, Sime attended Duke’s School of Medicine, graduating in 1962 before beginning a long career as an ophthalmologist in Miami.

Sime’s son, Scott, spent four seasons as fullback on the Duke football team. His grandson, Max McCaffrey, completed his four-year career in December as one of the Blue Devils’ most sure-handed wide receivers, catching 117 career passes for 1,341 yards and 12 touchdowns and appearing in four bowl games, including Duke’s 44-41 win against Indiana Dec. 26 to snap a 54-year bowl victory drought.

Duke. He led the team in batting average at .376 as the Blue Devils claimed the ACC title. Sime earned first-team AllACC recognition and was also tabbed a second-team All-American.

In 1958, Sime continued his dominance on the track, picking up MVP honors at the ACC Outdoor Track and Field Championships for the second time in his career.

Two years later, Sime was in Rome, where he came up just shy of a gold medal in the 100-meter yard dash.

Germany’s Armin Hary edged out Sime for the gold, and the former Blue Devil settled for silver.

Sime played just one year of football at Duke, but his stint as the Blue Devils’

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Sanjeev Dasgupta | The Chronicle Duke wide receiver Max McCaffrey followed in the footsteps of his grandfather Dave Sime on sudoku_512B the football field in Durham. Sime died last week at the age of 79.

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T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

The Chronicle

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Separate housing from SLG membership

s students come back for the spring, many look forward to a semester of change. For some, there are new classes to explore and appreciate, while the gauntlet of tenting in K-Ville will be the highlight for others. Yet it is still hard to escape the atmosphere of rush. Whether students are in fraternities, sororities, other Selective Living Groups or independent, there is a palpable layer of tension, energy, anxiety and other emotions surrounding rush. Especially for first-year students, hallways become emptier, weekend get-togethers disappear and there is a sense of a change. These organizations are in the middle of their yearly rush dance to shuffle up campus housing for hundreds of students.

In the past, we have bluntly stated that Duke would be a better place if Greek life did not exist and given pragmatic advice on approaching rush, and navigating the chaos. Though there have been some changes, such as the increased interest in non-Greek SLGs in the last five years, there seem to be few fundamental changes.

Built into the very name of Duke’s SLG system is the binding of social organizations to residential communities. We acknowledge that college is a time of growth and greater independence,

and we see the value of students having agency in choosing social groups as well as places of residence. It is important for students to search for the social and physical spaces that work best for them. However, that does not mean that they necessarily need to be connected. Residential spaces should have a social element but not to the point of institutionalized exclusion, especially as first-years increasingly view the choice to rush as one of rushing organizations or being relegated to independent housing.

We look to housing models such as Harvard and

Editorial Yale’s to see examples of residential communities that, though imperfect, suggest improvements.

Residential spaces should promote students having a healthy and safe community, conducive to their whole Duke experience and to meeting a diverse set of peers. The purpose of social groups, on the other hand, is primarily to enjoy the company of others. It is important to recognize when these goals are not both simultaneously being achieved. The extreme segregation, along historically discriminated lines, of race, class and

onlinecomment “As a (former) diehard Cameron Crazie, it took more self control than I showed for any Duke all-nighter to not yell ‘JUMP!!’ at everyone around me.”

— “Cleverpun” commenting on the Jan. 19 letter “An open letter to the Crazies”

LETTERS POLICY The Chronicle welcomes submissions in the form of letters to the editor or guest columns. Submissions must include the author’s name, signature, department or class, and for purposes of identification, phone number and local address.

Letters should not exceed 325 words; contact the editorial department for information regarding guest columns.

The Chronicle will not publish anonymous or form letters or letters that are promotional in nature. The Chronicle reserves the right to edit letters and guest columns for length, clarity and style and the right to withhold letters based on the discretion of the editorial page editor.

Est. 1905

The Chronicle

commentary www.dukechronicle.com

10 | WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2016

”

Direct submissions to: E-mail: chronicleletters@duke.edu Editorial Page Department The Chronicle Box 90858, Durham, NC 27708 Phone: (919) 684-2663 Fax: (919) 684-4696

The Chronicle

Inc. 1993

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The Chronicle is published by the Duke Student Publishing Company, Inc., a non-profit corporation independent of Duke University. The opinions expressed in this newspaper are not necessarily those of Duke University, its students, faculty, staff, administration or trustees. Unsigned editorials represent the majority view of the editorial board. Columns, letters and cartoons represent the views of the authors.

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sexual orientation, leads to exclusion and feelings of isolation for countless. It is both a problem internal to these organizations and problem with system-based solutions. Especially at an institution like Duke, where the undergraduate population is relatively small, SLGs are not needed to create residential community in the same way that they are at large state schools.

It is hard to see Duke’s housing and residential model as one with a unified purpose or vision. The current system the University seems to be a jack of all trades and master of none when it comes to spreading itself across social and residential categories. When the current house model was proposed in 2012 to change from the previous quad model, we pinpointed the specific issues of social stratification in SLGs and argued for severing the restructuring SLGs while emphasizing their programmatic potential.

In 2014, we theorized that Duke would be a better university if Greek life did not exist. Similarly, we now suggest that Duke will have a healthier, more diverse and more inclusive campus if the residential and social aspects of living groups were separated. The assumption that one necessarily requires the other in the case of living groups is no simple assumption and should be examined more closely by administration in reviewing student feedback on housing.

Look up, Duke

s I wait for the bus in Salvador, Brazil, for the final time before going back to the United States, I take my last deep inhale of acaraje (little bean patties fried in Dende oil, typical street food), feel the rays of sun mixing with the salty breeze soaking into my skin and hear the sounds of samba music blasting from a car as it whizzes by. These have become familiar to my senses since arriving in Salvador for my study abroad program this past fall semester. I check my

room for waiting and uncertainty. My time abroad taught me that, contrary to my initial belief, time is valued in Salvador, but it is valued in a different sense of the word.

As the semester went on, I began to appreciate those times of simply waiting. They became moments of heightened awareness when all of my senses were turned on and I took in my surroundings. I grappled with how a society filled with such rich culture and joy could simultaneously

Sofia Stafford LIFE AFTER ABROAD watch one more time. Twenty-five minutes since I got to the bus stop. Probably another 25 minutes to go. I let out a sigh of exasperation.

Within the first few days of being in Salvador for the fall semester, I was taken back by the concept of time (or lack thereof). Based on my experience and my own Cuban background, in Brazil, and the rest of Latin America in general, time is not money, as it is often crassly referred to in the United States. In Brazil, if someone says they will meet you for coffee at 9 a.m. that could really mean 9:45 or 10 a.m. If a dinner starts at 8 p.m., people will start to wander in at 9 or 9:30 p.m. If class starts at 8:30 a.m., it would always start closer to 9 a.m. You get the idea.

A schedule is merely a rough sketch of your day and waiting is done without regret or frustration. I vividly remember the droplets of sweat that formed on my forehead in frustration as I waited, hours on end, and the anxiety I felt about being late to meet someone when my class ran over. Whether it was for buses, friends or professors, waiting became my full time job.

Wasting time is one of my biggest fears, which I can safely say is not unique among Duke students.

So what could be more of a waste of time than spending several hours a week waiting? Back home, I would likely occupy any waiting time with my phone, which connects me to other places, people and events not present or occurring at the moment. However, in Salvador, without a working phone to engage with or familiar friends by my side to talk with, there was nothing I could do in those moments but breathe, observe and wait. There were no new emails or texts I could check and respond to and no way to tell when I would get to where I was going. Looking forward to what is next was simply not an option.

At Duke, I find myself looking only forward; running from one class or meeting to the next, scheduling short coffee breaks with friends, planning work and down time; I leave no wiggle

be broken in so many ways. I observed how those around me interacted with each other and with me, an evidently white woman from the United States in a sea of black men and women. I witnessed racial and gender tensions in action and reflected on how eerily similar they were to those pervasive at Duke. As I reflect on those moments, I realize that these were the greatest experiences of learning abroad.

As I start a new semester at Duke, I am thinking about how I will approach my time here with a lens that has been colored with experiences from abroad. Though I am no longer forced to confront the difficulties of adjusting to a different concept of the value of time, learning to do so has challenged me to think critically about the changes I can make daily to enrich my life and the lives of those close to me.

I may never be able to fully let go of the constraints of time, but I can redefine what it means to spend time valuably. Reading for pleasure for a half an hour a day will not be a waste of time.

Chatting with a new friend at Joe van Gough instead of studying an extra two hours for my exam will not be a waste of time. Standing at the bus stop taking in my surroundings and appreciating my campus instead of looking down to answer the next email will not be a waste of time. I want to treat every moment as though it is valuable—whatever, wherever and whomever I am with. This semester, I will see the value of living in the moment always and will ensure that no moments are perceived as wasted moments but rather as moments for learning, reflecting and appreciating.

I will stop looking forward, and I will look up. It may not happen immediately, but as I was reminded by one of my professors this week, anything worth learning takes time. Who’s with me?

Sofia Stafford is a Trinity junior. Her column runs on alternate Wednesdays.

The Chronicle

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commentary www.dukechronicle.com

An open letter to President Brodhead

ear President Brodhead, With this letter, we—a group of Duke University’s student leaders— come together in forming the Duke Open Campus Coalition. We seek to invigorate the Duke community’s commitment to supporting an open intellectual climate on campus. During our time here at Duke, we have encountered a community that values identity politics over reasoned discussion and debate when confronting real—and at times misperceived—instances of injustice. Actions taken that emphasize identity politics create a climate

another even on contentious topics, particularly on contentious topics, is a critical part of thriving in an intellectual environment. President Brodhead, as you noted at the Nov. 13tcommunity forum, “The day we make it easy to shut down speech, all kinds of speech are going to be shut down, including protests.”

Furthermore, if the university defines hate speech as students have demanded, it will embark on a slippery slope towards censorship. Who decides which speech is offensive? Reasonable people are bound to answer this question in different ways, and nobody should be punished for having crossed a line that is open to

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2016 | 11

From the irresolute desk

I

n last week’s State of the Union Address, President Obama used his strongest rhetoric yet, describing ISIS as a “direct threat to our people,” a noted contrast from his muted tone in last month’s Oval Office speech. But the president qualified his point of view by noting that, “over-the-top claims that this is World War III just play into their hands.” He even went so far as to expressly articulate that ISIS, “does not threaten our national existence.” The president’s remarks hint at a changing attitude, one

Duke Open Campus Coalition

Brian Hopkins

GUEST COLUMN

IN SEARCH OF MONSTERS

of fear on campus whereby people who publicly dissent from the policies being proposed are afraid of being personally attacked and slandered. In this climate, fewer students feel able to speak their mind, and we are concerned that this undermines Duke’s integrity as an institution of open exchange and learning. Many of the challenges we face are not unique to Duke, and we are inspired by the Princeton Open Campus Coalition, which blazed a path for students around the nation committed to preserving academic freedom at our universities.

While we recognize that this climate of fear is part of a broader trend across the country at American universities, we also note that it has a particular character on Duke’s campus. Today, some students consider it morally acceptable to remove copies of The Chronicle from campus when they disagree with its content. Select members of Duke Student Government’s Executive Board have taken to intimidating first-year student government representatives to affirm “politically correct” views regardless of whether they agree with them. The student body has also disrespected you, President Brodhead. Those who disagree with the methods protesters use or the policies they push are afraid to publicly announce their position for fear of being ostracized. We believe that our concerns resonate with a large portion of Duke’s student body and faculty. With grave concern about the tactics of some protestors and the substantive demands they are making, we call for an open and inclusive campus—a campus where all members of the Duke community can communicate openly as Blue Devils without fear that they will be censored if their views differ from, or even offend, other people.

First, while we are disturbed by acts of racism, homophobia and bigotry on this campus, and agree that more can be done to combat intolerance, we do not believe that acts of bigotry committed by individuals implicate Duke as an institution. We applaud the quick and passionate response of Duke students to acts of bigotry on campus. We share the goals of increasing tolerance and punishing individual students who engage in behavior that harms other people, but we do not think these goals are best served by the policies some protesters have prescribed to advance them. Good intentions do not necessarily translate into good policy.

Second, we oppose the methods many protesters have used to advance their agenda.

Students from across the political spectrum were unsettled that protesters would vandalize Duke property, refuse to allow Duke administrators to ask questions during a community conversation and seek to remove students on the Chronicle staff with whom they disagree politically. These tactics deface property without consequence and allow dialogue only among people who already agree with those leading the conversation. This is not how universities foster intellectual growth; it creates an echo chamber that leads to groupthink and unfairly privileges certain positions in the marketplace of ideas.

Third, and in particular, we oppose demands to redefine hate speech as “speech that offends or insults” and to create an institutional apparatus to monitor students’ and professors’ speech for offensive ideas. Recognizing that people can disagree with one

manipulation.

We also oppose demands to enforce “mandatory learning on institutional racism and anti-oppression practices for both students and faculty,” and the administration’s recent announcements suggesting that Implicit Bias Training and a required diversity course may soon be institutionalized. We are concerned that this curriculum requirement, even if adjoined to a new Writing 101 course, will amount to mandatory reeducation classes. It asks faculty members to not only impose orthodox thinking, but also orthodox feelings, from a position of power. After all, these professors would be grading students’ responses on issues where reasonable and conscientious members of the Duke community, including faculty members, often disagree. On a campus where many already fear voicing a dissenting opinion, institutionalizing re-education or sensitivity classes will fail to provide space for dissenting voices, institutionalize an echo chamber and foster groupthink.

Finally, we oppose demands to match the faculty’s demographic makeup with the student population’s demographic makeup. Instituting a quota system on staff members based on a student population that changes every year is not only unfeasible, but is wrong. We cannot expect that the quality of the faculty would remain identical if quotas for different groups are imposed. Moreover, mandating minimum or maximum thresholds on employment or student enrollment on the basis of skin color or gender reduces people to immutable characteristics of their identity. While we embrace diversity, especially diversity of opinion, we strongly denounce the idea that our interactions with one another should be defined by demographic traits like race and gender.

We hold that the protestors’ methods, as well as many of the policies they advocate, perpetuate a troubling campus climate. All people should feel “safe” when expressing their opinions on campus in an academic environment. The administration should not institutionalize a space where any member of this community, student or faculty, is protected from having even their most core values challenged and scrutinized.

We commend the university for the creation of the Task Force on Bias and Hate Issues.

Designating specialists and representatives from faculty and the student body to methodically study bias and hate issues on campus is a step forward. Creating an administrative channel to scrutinize policy proposals and streamline deliverables will help ensure all parties have a stake in ensuring we can combat bigotry.

We respectfully request the opportunity to meet with the administration to reaffirm the Duke community’s commitment to preserving ideals of reason, debate and intellectualism at Duke.

Sincerely, The Duke Open Campus Coalition Signed: Tyler Fredricks ‘16, Pi Praveen ‘16, Breanna Atkinson ‘16, Ian Chang ‘19, Zach Heater ‘17, Brian Hopkins ‘16, Brendan McCartney ‘16, Gerardo Parraga ‘18, Sabriyya Pate ‘19, Lopa Rahman ‘16, Victoria Treboschi ‘15, and Caroline Wang ‘19.

of resignation from the “stay the course” strategy he articulated last month. His words indicate a growing realization on his part that lofty theoretical policies do not address public concern. And while I applaud the small steps the president has taken to articulate his vision, he needs to do much more.

In a recent article attempting to explain why the president refuses to treat ISIS as a serious threat, The Atlantic hypothesized that he does not see them as a geopolitical adversary in the classical sense. In contrast with the Communistspreading strategy of the Soviet Union, ISIS does not threaten the ideological foundation of the United States. Although ISIS certainly has the potential to make life unpleasant for a while, the article notes that the president’s attention is focused on other geopolitical issues.

The underlying assumption, which the article does not make explicit, is that the president sees other issues as more pressing than fighting ISIS. Specifically, the president evaluates climate change as the most important geopolitical threat, a belief supported by his recent emphasis on the Paris climate change discussions.

Evidence of the administration’s emphasis on climate change as the preeminent threat emerged as early as 2012, and it has continued to play a critical role in the years since. Also, China likely ranks higher than ISIS on the president’s threat list, as evidenced by his “repositioning” in Asia and more recently the TPP negotiations.

Although thinking in terms of absolute priorities makes our analysis easier, the president’s strategy is likely more nuanced than simple threat calculations.

Even the president acknowledges that an ISIS armed with a chemical or biological weapon presents a serious problem, but he seems to believe he has found a way to thread the needle without tipping the scale too far toward or against American re-involvement in Iraq and or Syria. By maintaining special forces presence in the region and continuing to arm Syrian rebel groups, the president believes he can keep ISIS contained in its current state. ISIS has the potential to carry out relatively small attacks against western countries, but it is not large enough to conduct a mass attack. In the mean time, the president

can use his remaining year in office to secure a successful climate change policy and position the U.S. well in Asia.

If the president does, in fact, adhere to that calculation, he has not made a strong enough case to the American people in support of his strategy. The sense of fear is palpable across the country. Of course, elections tend to heighten uncertainty, but the country feels a trend towards more insecurity, and the president has not sufficiently responded. The very fact that he felt the need to speak from the

Oval Office on terrorism alone last month demonstrates that the president too senses the public’s frustration. Nonetheless, he continues to emphasize the current strategy without providing a logical justification for why he thinks the way he does.

Former administration officials seem to demonstrate a rift between the president and the rest of his administration over how to address ISIS. In a recent talk on campus, former National Security Advisor Tom Donilon articulated his concern over what he called the breakdown of state structures in the Middle East and the growing cancer of ISIS. General Michael Flynn, former Director of Defense Intelligence, has sharply criticized the President over his handling of ISIS, claiming he continues to ignore a dire threat to the United States.

Secretary of Defense Ash Carter articulated a similar viewpoint last month, calling ISIS contained tactically but not strategically.

Yet in spite of the overwhelming opinion of his advisors, President Obama remains firm in his estimate.

Regardless of what the president believes, he should explain his outlook in greater detail to the American public. From the outside, we see the dramatic rise of an extremely violent terrorist organization and extrapolate the trend line to an even more unstable and dangerous future.

Indeed if ISIS were to augment territorial expansion and transnational terror attacks as we have seen over the past year, we could find ourselves facing an unprecedented enemy in the near future. Granted, some of his secrecy is politically and militarily motivated. He cannot err again by calling ISIS the “JV” team, and he cannot reveal too much military strategy because of the sensitive nature of the subject.

That said, the president could do more to articulate why he feels compelled to stay the course as the world seems to be erupting into violence. As the American people become increasingly concerned about terrorism, he should clarify exactly why he feels compelled to address other issues before ISIS. The president will remain in office for another 12 months, and he cannot revert to conducting foreign policy in secret and behind closed doors.

Brian Hopkins is a Trinity senior. His column runs on alternate Wednesdays.

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