w
IODIVERSITY
MANAGEMENT OF BIODIVERSITY / ECOLOGICAL HEALTH
ATER
E
100% LOCALLY SOURCED WATER
NERGY 100% RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY
T
NOW INSTITUTE NOW INSTITUTE
UCLA GRAND CHALLENGE UCLA GRAND CHALLENGE
B
1
EMISSION RANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY & CARBONSTRATEGY
P
OPULATION GROWTH
INTRODUCTION: THE WILSHIRE BOULEVARD DEMONSTRATION PROJECT USES THE RESEARCH GATHERED ON ISSUES RELATING TO ENERGY, WATER, BIODIVERSITY, AND TRANSPORTATION AS A PLATFORM TO OFFER A DESIGN STRATEGY FOR POPULATION GROWTH IN THE COUNTY. ACKNOWLEDGING THAT THE COUNTY’S POPULATION WILL GROW BY AT LEAST 1.5 MILLION PEOPLE BY THE YEAR 2050, THE RESEARCH TEAM DEVELOPED STRATEGIES TO ACCOMMODATE POPULATION GROWTHS OF 1.5, 2.5, AND 3.5 MILLION PEOPLE ALONG THE WILSHIRE CORRIDOR, WHICH OFFERS VAST JOB OPPORTUNITIES AND A FUTURE ROBUST TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE [THE PURPLE LINE]. BY RESTRICTING MOST OF THE GROWTH TOWARDS A CONCENTRATED MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT, THE STRATEGY MINIMIZES THE ENCROACHMENT AND IMPACT ON LOS ANGELES’ NATURAL AND BIODIVERSITY AREAS. TO TEST THE URBAN CONDITION, THE RESEARCH TEAM CONSIDERS HOW DIFFERENT BUILDING TYPOLOGIES USE ENERGY, WATER, BIODIVERSITY, AND TRANSPORTATION IN ORDER TO CREATE A SUSTAINABLE LOS ANGELES FOOTPRINT.
PROFESSOR: THOM MAYNE, EUI-SUNG YI, ANDREW LIANG RESEARCH & GRAPHIC SUPPORT: BRIDGET ACKEIFI, LILY BAKHSHI RESEARCHER: XUEQUI BAI, CHENGUANG LI, XI LIAO, MARIEH MEHRANNEZHAD, JIANI SONG, TUO SUN, WEI-CHIEH TSAI, DUO WANG, JUE WANG,RUNZHI WANG, HUN TAO YU
3 BY 3 SCENARIOS
+1.5MILLION A DENSIFICATION MODEL
+2.5MILLION
+3.5MILLION 25000 20000
SCENARIO
15000
+0.25M
+0.15M
WILSHIRE CORRIDOR, LONG BEACH & BURBANK, PASADENA GLENDALE
+0.35M
+2.0M
+1.2M
5000
+2.8M +0.25M
+0.15M
10000
+0.35M
25000
B HYBRID MODEL
20000 15000
SCENARIO
+0.20M
+0.12M
+1.28M
+0.96M
5000
+1.90M +0.20M
+0.12M
C DISTRIBUTION MODEL
+0.61M
10000
+0.45M
25000 20000
SCENARIO
+2.6M
+2.5M
+1.5M
15000 10000 5000
CONCENTRATE ON SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES THROUGHOUT ALL OF LA COUNTY
+0.9M
WILSHIRE CORRIDOR
MASS PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION METRO METRO LINK EXPRESS LINK
MULTI-FAMILY AGGLOMERATION
COMMERCIAL & EDUCATION AGGLOMERATION
EMPLOYMENT AGGLOMERATION
WILSHIRE AS A TESTING MODEL
PROFILE LENGTH : AREA: POPULATION:
SANTA MONICA
15.8 MILES 21.38 SQ MI 0.36 MILLION
SAWTELLE WESTWOOD
CENTURY CITY
BEVERLY HILLS
MID-WILSHIRE
KOREATOWN 0
0.75
1.5
WESTLAKE
DOWNTOWN
3
4.5
6
Miles
2
BUILDING HEIGHTS 20FT 50FT 100FT 150FT 500FT 1000+FT
wn o t ea r o K
ke a l t Wes
wn o t n w o D
DOWNTOWN
re i h ils W Mid ty i C ry
tu n e C
d o o tw s e W
ills H rly e v Be
WESTLAKE
KOREATOWN
ca i n o M a t San
LAND USE SINGLE FAMILY
WINDSOR SQUARE
4.06 SQ MI
MID-WILSHIRE
26%
CARTHAY
MULTI FAMILY
3.63 SQ MI
BEVERLY GROVE
23% BEVERLY HILLS
COMMERCIAL
2.96 SQ MI
CENTURY CITY
19%
WESTWOOD
CULTURE
1.09 SQ MI n w o at e r Ko
7%
e k a l t s e W
wn o t n w o D
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
re i h ils W Mid
OPEN SPACE
1.56 SQ MI
ty i C ry
u t n Ce
10% d o o tw s e W
OTHER
ills H rly e v Be
SAWTELLE
1.87 SQ MI SANTA MONICA
12%
ca i n o M a t San
3
DEMOGRAPHY POPULATION DENSITY (ppl/sq mi) 0-5,000 5,000-10,000 10,000-25,000 25,000-50,000 50,000+
n tow a e Kor
EMPLOYMENT DENSITY (jobs/census tract) 0-5,000 5,000-10,000 10,000-15,000 15,000-20,000 20,000+
own t n Dow
ke
tla Wes
ire
lsh -Wi
Mid
City y r tu Cen
d woo t s We
HOUSEHOLD MEDIAN INCOME (dollar/year) 10,000-25,000 25,000-50,000 50,000-100,000 100,000-150,000 150,000+
n tow n w Do
ke
tla Wes
n tow a e Kor ire
ilsh W Mid
ood w t Wes
ica n o ta M San
ills H y erl Bev
d woo t s We
5,000 FT = 100,000 PPL/MI2
s Hill
5,000 FT = $250,000
CHALLENGE GC
2min 2min
1”
2min 2min
3‘’
1min 1min 2min 2min
erly Bev
5,000 FT = 40,000 JOB
TRANSPORTATION PURPLE LINE & EXPRESS LINE TIME SCHEDULE
ire
ilsh W d Mi
ica n o ta M San
ca oni M ta San
CURRENT: TOTAL POPULATION: 0.36 MILLION POPULATION DENSITY: 17,000 PPL/SQ.MI
Kor
ke
tla Wes
City y r tu Cen
City y r u t Cen
s Hill y l er Bev
own t a e
own t n Dow
EXPRESS LINE PURPLE LINE
13“
0.5 MILE RADIUS
WHAT’S THE CHALLENGE OF ADDING 1.5\2.5\3.5 MILLION POPULATION, ACCORDING TO ELECTRICITY, WATER, OPEN SPACE, TRANSPORTATION?
1” 2” 2” 2” 2” 1” 2”
r nte
Ce o r et
WATER
ELECTRICITY
OPEN SPACE
METRO
DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION
ANNUAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
SILVER LAKE RESERVOIR
HOOVER DAM
GRIFFITH PARK
PURPLE LINE+ EXPRESS LINE
*At capacity, Silver Lake Reservoir holds 795 million US gallons (3,010,000 m3) of water . * Water consumption per capita per day in LA county is 139 gallons.
*1Hoover Dam generates, on average, about 4 billion kilowatt-hours of hydroelectric power each year. * Per capita electricity consumption in LA county in 2010 was 5.9 megawatt hours.
*Griffith Park has the area of 4,310 acres. Current open space area per capita on Wilshire Corridor is 77 sq ft.
*Using same length of Tokyo Yamanote Line’s daily ridership as the reference capacity of purple line, one purple line has the capacity of 1.46 million, one express line has the capacity of 1.06 million.
OPEN SPACE AREA
METRO ADDITIONAL LINES
/M
7th
5”
nt
mo r e V
2” 1.7” 2.6” ax
3.8“
f Fair
2.2” 3.2”
ty i C y
ur
t Cen
1.5” 1” 1.2” 7.4“
WATER DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION
2” 4th
t
e Stre
MILLION PEOPLE 0.36WILSHIRE
1.5”
+
METRO SYSTEM
+
+
1.5 MILLION PEOPLE
2.5 MILLION PEOPLE
3.5 MILLION PEOPLE
6.3%
SILVER LAKE RESERVOIR
26%
SILVER LAKE RESERVOIR
44%
SILVER LAKE RESERVOIR
61%
SILVER LAKE RESERVOIR
53%
HOOVER DAM
221%
HOOVER DAM
369%
HOOVER DAM
516%
HOOVER DAM
ELECTRICITY ANNUAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION MILLION PEOPLE 0.36WILSHIRE
+
BUS STOPS +
+
1.5
2.5
3.5
MILLION PEOPLE
MILLION PEOPLE
MILLION PEOPLE
OPEN SPACE OPEN SPACE AREA
RAM
VER
MO NT
10
1
MAIN ROADS
PAR T
ALV ARA
MILLION PEOPLE 0.36WILSHIRE
15%
+
1.5 MILLION PEOPLE
62%
+
2.5 MILLION PEOPLE
103%
+
3.5 MILLION PEOPLE
144%
LOS FE
LIZ
LA B REA
GRA N
SCE
LA ROB ERT
CIE NEG A
10
FA NT HEI IRFAX GHT S
GRIFFITH PARK
D AV
GRIFFITH PARK
ENU
A BRO LAME ADW DA AY E
11
0
SON
GRIFFITH PARK
DO
VI NE
CRE
GRIFFITH PARK
METRO METRO ADDITIONAL LINES
ROD EO RLY
GLEN
MILLION PEOPLE 0.36WILSHIRE
2%
+
1.5 MILLION PEOPLE
60%
+
2.5 MILLION PEOPLE
99%
+
3.5 MILLION PEOPLE
140%
PURPLE LINE+ EXPRESS LINE
WE
STW OOD SE PU LVE DA
DY
26T H
90
BUN
20T H SAN TA M ONI CA LIN COL N OCE
AN
PURPLE LINE+ EXPRESS LINE
5
LA B REA
GLE N
40
BEVERL Y
BEV E
PURPLE LINE+ EXPRESS LINE
PURPLE LINE+ EXPRESS LINE
4
NEW YORK MODEL FOR WILSHIRE
DENSITY: 17,000 PPL/SQ.MI [CURRENT]
110,000 PPL/SQ.MI
wn o t ea r o K
[ NEW YORK]
POPULATION: 0.36MILLION + 2.0MILLION =2.36MILLION PEOPLE
e tlak
BARCELONA MODEL FOR WILSHIRE
wn o t n Dow
DENSITY: 17,000 PPL/SQ.MI
Wes
[CURRENT]
-W Mid
[CURRENT]
re i h ils W Mid
ty i C ry
ity C y r
tu Cen
tu n e C
ills H rly e v Be
ills H ly
od o w t Wes
wn o t ea r o K
[ BARCELONA]
POPULATION: 0.36MILLION + 1.2MILLION =1.56MILLION PEOPLE
ire h s il
[CURRENT]
73,000 PPL/SQ.MI
ke a l t Wes
wn o t n w o D
er v e B
d o o tw s e W
Y A W AD
BRO
L A N GO
A I D . AV ca i n Mo a t San
ica n o aM t n Sa
LOCATION LOS ANGELES
SAO PAULO
WILSHIRE BLVD
PARIS
AV PAULISTA
15.8 MILE
BARCELONA
HAUSSMANN BLVD
1.7 MILE
TOKYO
AV DIAGONAL
3.2 MILE
NEW YORK
AOYAMA DORI
6.8 MILE
HONG KONG
BROADWAY
2.4 MILE
CONNAUGHT RD
9.7 MILE
2.6 MILE
DEMOGRAPHY LOS ANGELES
SAO PAULO
WILSHIRE BLVD
PARIS
AV PAULISTA
BARCELONA
HAUSSMANN BLVD
TOKYO
AV DIAGONAL
NEW YORK
AOYAMA DORI
HONG KONG
BROADWAY
CONNAUGHT RD
0.45 MILLION PEOPLE
0.2 MILLION PEOPLE
0.46 MILLION PEOPLE
0.63 MILLION PEOPLE
0.15 MILLION PEOPLE
1 MILLION PEOPLE
0.20 MILLION PEOPLE
18,137 /SQ.MI
43,648 /SQ.MI
64,975 /SQ.MI
73,182 /SQ.MI
78,424 /SQ.MI
81,600 /SQ.Mi
88,800 /SQ.MI
0.45 MILLION
+1.37MILLION
WILSHIRE 0.45 MILLION
+1.50MILLION
WILSHIRE 0.45 MILLION
+1.58MILLION
=
+1.17MILLION
=
0.45 MILLION
WILSHIRE
=
+0.64MILLION
WILSHIRE
=
0.45 MILLION
=
= WILSHIRE
WILSHIRE 0.45 MILLION
+1.76MILLION
TRANSPORTATION LOS ANGELES
SAO PAULO
WILSHIRE BLVD
PARIS
AV PAULISTA
HAUSSMANN BLVD
AV PAULISTA: 17min WILSHIRE: 158min
TOKYO
BARCELONA
AOYAMA DORI
AV DIAGONAL
HAUSSMANN BLVE: 20min WILSHIRE: 99min
NEW YORK
AV DIAGONAL: 30min WILSHIRE: 70min
HONG KONG
BROADWAY
AOYAMA DORI: 15min WILSHIRE: 99min
CONNAUGHT RD
BROADWAY: 50min WILSHIRE: 70min
CONNAUGHT RD: 12min WILSHIRE: 72min
BUILDING TYPOLOGY SAO PAULO
LOS ANGELES
PARIS
AV PAULISTA
WILSHIRE BLVD
FAR: 0.6
BARCELONA
HAUSSMANN BLVD
FAR: 4.1
TOKYO
AV DIAGONAL
FAR: 3.9
NEW YORK
AOYAMA DORI
FAR: 4.7
HONG KONG
BROADWAY
FAR: 2.5
CONNAUGHT RD
FAR: 5.9
FAR: 6.8
GREEN SPACE LOS ANGELES
SAO PAULO
WILSHIRE BLVD
AV PAULISTA
96.7 sq.ft
1.07 sq.mi
BARCELONA
HAUSSMANN BLVD
7.29%
4.9%
2.08 sq.mi
PARIS
147.19 sq.ft
AV DIAGONAL
5.01%
0.913 sq.mi
TOKYO
55.75 sq.ft
AOYAMA DORI
26.54%
2.52 sq.mi
NEW YORK
112.07 sq.ft
BROADWAY
0.21 sq.mi
CONNAUGHT RD
35.02%
13.52%
11.27%
39.3 sq.ft
HONG KONG
46.27 sq.ft
1.65 sq.mi
1.19 sq.mi
110.67 sq.ft
5
+1.2 MILLION
+2.0 MILLION
+2.8 MILLION
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
3.5/2.5/
TRANSPORTATION
TATION TESTING MODEL
27.4% 150,000 ppl /sq. mi
31.7% 200,000 ppl /sq. mi
3.5/2.5/
TRANSPORTATION
VEHICLE
PED
PED
PROGRAM
VEHICLE
40%
40%
COMMERCIAL
42.3% 200,000 ppl /sq. mi
TRANSPORTATION
PED
EXPRESS
28%
SINGLE FAMILY
VEHICLE
VEHICLE
METRO
PED
EXPRESS
PROGRAM
34%
OFFICE
32.0% 150,000 ppl /sq. mi
PED
PROGRAM
20%
SINGLE FAMILY
VEHICLE
METRO
METRO
25.7% 100,000 ppl /sq. mi
SECTION
BIKE
VEHICLE
BIKE
SECTION
BIKE
BIKE
SECTION
PED
15.1% 41.0% 200,000 ppl /sq. mi 100,000 ppl /sq. mi
BIKE
22.1% 150,000 ppl /sq. mi
BIKE
62.8% 100,000 ppl /sq. mi
MULTI-FAMILY
17%
21%
COMMERCIAL
OFFICE
5%
SINGLE FAMILY
16%
16%
63%
MULTIFAMILY
COMMERCIAL
OFFICE
45%
23%
31%
35%
20%
45%
58%
9%
32%
RESIDENTIAL
OPEN SPACE
PRESERVED
RESIDENTIAL
OPEN SPACE
PRESERVED
RESIDENTIAL
OPEN SPACE
PRESERVED
60%
20%
20%
72%
4%
20%
36%
15%
49%
MULTI-FAMILY
COMMERCIAL
OFFICE
MULTI-FAMILY
COMMERCIAL
OFFICE
MULTI-FAMILY
COMMERCIAL
OFFICE