Sustainable Community Redevelopment How Cooperative Extension is Helping
Trace Gale; MBA, Ph.D. Assistant Professor & Specialist Community Resource Development West Virginia University Extension
Overview • Communities throughout the U.S. and beyond are seeking tools, resources, and guidance with sustainable community redevelopment. • As they convert their planning and management practices from traditional to more sustainable models, cooperative extension is stepping up to assist. • This session will provide an overview of the cooperative extension system, including proven frameworks and methods, winning programs, and impacts.
Development… • Land is developed largely based on the presence and accessibility of natural resources. The portfolio of those resources largely determines the nature of development. – Geography, Climate, and Water Supply Agriculture – Water-based Resources (Oceans, Great Lakes, etc.) – Maritime Industry, Import/Export, Fishing – Minerals – Mining – Rivers, Geography, Raw Materials: Roads & Rails – Industry / Transportation
Boom & Bust Development Exploration
Assets Inventoried
Development Starts
Community Declines
Infrastructure Grows
Infrastructure Consolidates
Growth Exploitation
Development Shifts Infrastructure Strains
Claims Staked
Seek Efficiencies
Competition Saturation
Sustainable Development Exploration
Assets Inventoried
Development Planned
Community Sustained
Development Controlled
Growth Sustained
Growth Controlled
Resources Sustained Impacts Controlled
Claims Controlled
Impacts Assessed
Infrastructure Aligned
Shifting Development • Knowledge • Exploration • Planning • Controls • Assessment • Continuity
The Cooperative Extension System • • • •
Land Grant Universities Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1980 Cooperative Extension Smith Lever Act of 1914 Sea, Sun, and Space Grant Universities (’66, ’03, ’88) Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) - 1994 Department Reorganization Act
Proven Frameworks and Methods Built Capital Natural Capital
Cultural Capital
Healthy Ecosystems Vital Economy Social Well-being
Human Capital
Financial Capital
Political Capital
Social Capital
Community Capitals Framework - developed by Cornelia Flora of the North Central Regional Center for Rural Development
Proven Frameworks and Methods Tourism Tourism Retirement Retirement Mining Mining
The driving force is a shared vision of the community that taps all available resources to become reality.
Physical Infrastructure
Natural Natural Resources Resources Water Water Sewer Sewer Roads Roads Airports Airports
Industrial Industrial Parks Parks Utilities Utilities Waste Waste Mgmt. Mgmt. Transportation Transportation Infrastructure Infrastructure
Support Infrastructure
Health Health Care Care Retail Retail Sector Sector Churches Churches Housing Housing Food Food Services Services Insurance Insurance
Human Human Services Services Education Education Systems Systems Recreation Recreation & Parks Law Law Enforcement Enforcement Financial Financial // Legal Legal Arts Arts & & Culture Culture
(Quality of Life)
Human Infrastructure: Individuals, Families, and Leadership Attitudes Attitudes & & Values Values Knowledge Knowledge & & Skills Skills Spiritual Spiritual Values Values Work Work Ethic Ethic
Educational Educational Levels Levels Family Family Structure Structure Family Family Resource Resource Mgmt Mgmt Nutrition Nutrition & & Health Health
Community Community Development Development Economic Economic Development Development Industrial Industrial Development Development
Industry Industry Agriculture Agriculture Forestry Forestry
Economic Base
Community Community Spirit Spirit Networking Networking Effective Effective Leadership Leadership Involved Involved Citizenry Citizenry
The layer cake model of community development, developed by Mark Peterson, CRED Extension Specialist - University of Arkansas
Proven Frameworks and Methods Built
Natural Financial IN L FL Cultural Political A l N loobbaal G R Glloo UE E GGl l bbaa N T aal l CE N n N n a o EX iio attiioo l Human Social t t a a S nnaal NN LLo l l
LLooccaal
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Outcomes
Income Strategies
Incomes
Livelihood Strategies
B N F C P H S
Inputs
VULNERABILITY CONTEXT B N F C P H S
LIVELIHOOD PROCESS Sustainable Livelihood Community Development Framework, developed by Trace Gale, West Virginia University Extension CRED
Programs with Impact • Education for Sustainable Communities in Ohio (ESCO) – ESCO is an Ohio State University Extension effort to help Ohio communities adopt and expand sustainable development initiatives. – ESCO has a proven model for sustainable comprehensive community planning. – This effort emphasizes the development of creative processes to assist communities as they approach sustainable development.
Programs with Impact • Education for Sustainable Communities in Ohio (ESCO) – Program components include: • Process guidance for development of sustainable communities • Methodology & Consultative Service for Sustainable Comprehensive Community Planning • Facilitation, in-service training materials and workshops
Programs with Impact • Education for Sustainable Communities in Ohio (ESCO) – Completed Projects to Date Include: • Noble County Sustainable Comprehensive Plan • City of Kent Comprehensive Plan • Carroll County Comprehensive Plan
Programs with Impact •
Rural Tourism Development Programs: – 38+ state extension programs are involved in some level of rural tourism development – Specialized programs include: • • • • • • •
University of Minnesota University of Wisconsin North Carolina State University Michigan State University University of Maine University of Vermont Texas A&M
– Additional specialization is occurring nationwide.
Programs with Impact • University of Minnesota Tourism Center – Collaboration between UM Extension Service & the College of Food, Agricultural & Natural Resource Sciences – Constituent Advisory Committee – Dedicated Researchers & Program Specialists – Regional “Field” Educators
Programs with Impact • University of Minnesota Tourism Center – Applied Research (2006) • Economic Impact of Tourism in Minnesota and Visitor Profile • Economic Impact of All-terrain Vehicles in Minnesota • Green Routes • St. Paul Festival Association Visitor Profile Study • Northwestern Minnesota Visitor Profile Study
Programs with Impact • University of Minnesota Tourism Center – Capability Building Programs: • Customer Service Training Program in English and Spanish • Festival & Event Management Education Program • Sustainable Tourism Development Platform – Forums, Services, Products for Elevating Understanding • Travel Counselor Certification Program • Resource-based Tourism Undergraduate & Graduate Degree Programs
Programs with Impact • University of Minnesota Tourism Center – Presentations: • Bringing Global Issues to Local Settings • Aspects of Sustainable Tourism • The Reality of Change in VolunteerDriven Organizations • Building Bridges: Connecting Agriculture and Heritage through Tourism
– Facilitations: • Three Rivers Wine Trail Development • Regional Growth Impacts on the Brainerd Lakes Area Tourism Industry
Programs with Impact • Going Global – Developing Local – West Virginia University Extension global sustainable development partnership and exchange programs – Global Research in Sustainable Tourism-based Livelihood Development
Programs with Impact • Going Global – Developing Local – Aysén Region of Chile – Partnership with CIEP – Partnership with Guide’s School of Patagonia – Partnership with FOSIS – Strategic Development of Center for Scientific Tourism
Programs with Impact • Going Global – Developing Local – Global Research in Sustainable Livelihood Development – Global Service Learning Adventures – Curriculum ties: • Entrepreneurship Program • Leadership Studies Program • Recreation, Parks & Tourism Resources Program
– Learning Adventure Partners: • Guide’s School of Patagonia • Amizade Service Learning • Adventure West Virginia
Empowering Innovation
Empowering Innovation • Food travels an average of 1,500 miles to reach American consumers • Hillary Brown, creator of Local Burger, as fast food restaurant in Lawrence, KS, had a different vision…
Empowering Innovation
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Growing Growers Professional Development Program Travel Scholarships Speaker’s Bureau Mini-grants Network Development Farmer’s Market Assistance Selling Local in KC Program Support Support for Community Supported Agriculture Programs (CSA)
Empowering Results • Consumers Like Buying Locally-Grown Food – MANHATTAN, Kan. • U.S. Department of Agriculture-funded research at the University of Nebraska recently found that 99 percent of the 500 Midwestern households surveyed have bought locally grown or produced food – including not only fruits and vegetables but also beef, pork, chicken and cheese. • More than 80 percent have shopped at a farmers market, while 75 percent have bought local foods from a grocery store or directly from a local farmer. • The respondents’ top five reasons (in order) for selecting any food product were taste, quality, nutrition/health, price, and support for local farmers.
– Source: Jana Beckman, Kansas Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Alternative Crops at Kansas State University
Review • Communities throughout the U.S. and beyond are seeking tools, resources, and guidance with sustainable community redevelopment. • As they convert their planning and management practices from traditional to more sustainable models, cooperative extension is stepping up to assist. • This session has provided an overview of the cooperative extension system, including proven frameworks and methods, winning programs, and impacts.
Feedback • Questions? Comments? • Have an Idea or Need? – For More Information Contact: • Dr. Trace Gale, Assistant Professor & Specialist in Community Resource Development West Virginia University Extension Service 702 Knapp Hall Morgantown, WV, 26506 TEGale@mail.wvu.edu 304-293-6967 x3380
• University of Minnesota Tourism Center – Ingrid Schneider, Ph.D. - Director University of Minnesota Tourism Center 120 BioAgEng Building 1390 Eckles Avenue St. Paul, MN, 55108 E-mail: ingridss@umn.edu Phone: 612-624-4947
• Education for Sustainable Communities in Ohio (ESCO) – Myra Moss, District Specialist OSU Extension Sustainable Communities Team 16714 SR 215 Caldwell, Ohio 43724 E-mail: moss.63@osu.edu
Appendix Slides
More Details!
Rural Redevelopment Strategies • • • • • •
Industrial Communities Bedroom Communities Tourism Communities Educational Communities Retirement Communities Virtual Communities
Proven Frameworks and Methods • Needs Assessments • Applied Research • Community Driven Programs • Collaborative Structures • Capacity Building • Land-use Planning • Best-Practice Dissemination
Land Grant Universities •
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Land-grant universities (also called land-grant colleges or land grant institutions) are institutions of higher education in the United States that have been designated by the United States Congress to receive the benefits of the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890. The Morrill Acts funded educational institutions by granting federally controlled land to the states. The mission of these institutions, as set forth in the 1862 Act, is to teach agriculture, military tactics, and the mechanic arts, not to the exclusion of classical studies, so that members of the working classes might obtain a practical college education. The mission of the land-grant universities was subsequently expanded by the Smith-Lever Act of 1914 to include cooperative extension — the sending of agents into rural areas to help bring the results of agricultural research to the end users.
Land Grant Universities • The Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm, the predecessor to Iowa State University which was chartered in 1858, became the nation’s first land-grant institution when the General Assembly awarded it the state’s land-grant charter in 1864. • The first land-grant university newly created under the Morrill Act of 1862 was Kansas State University, established on February 16, 1863. • The oldest land-grant university is Rutgers University, which was founded in 1766. • Michigan State University, founded in 1855, claims the title of pioneer land-grant university, because all landgrant universities were ostensibly modeled on it.
Other Govt. Grant Universities • Land-grant universities are not to be confused with sea grant colleges (a program instituted in 1966), space grant colleges (instituted in 1988) or sun grant colleges (instituted in 2003). There are thirteen colleges or universities with land, sea and space designations, and two universities with all four designations (Cornell University and Oregon State University).
CSREES •
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The Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) is an agency within the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), part of the executive branch of the Federal Government. Congress created CSREES through the 1994 Department Reorganization Act, by combining the USDA’s Cooperative State Research Service (CSRS) and Extension Service (ES) into a single agency. CSREES' unique mission is to advance knowledge for agriculture, the environment, human health and well-being, and communities by supporting research, education, and extension programs in the Land-Grant University System and other partner organizations. CSREES doesn't perform actual research, education, and extension but rather helps fund it at the state and local level and provides program leadership in these areas.
CSREES • CSREES is one of four USDA agencies that make up its Research, Education, and Economics (REE) mission area. The other three agencies are: – Agricultural Research Service (ARS) – Economics Research Service (ERS) – National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)
• The USDA-REE agencies provide federal leadership in creating and disseminating knowledge spanning the biological, physical, and social sciences related to agricultural research, economic analysis, statistics, extension, and higher education.
CSREES • CSREES' two key mechanisms for accomplishing its mission of "advancing knowledge" are: – National program leadership. • CSREES helps states identify and meet research, extension, and education priorities in areas of public concern that affect agricultural producers, small business owners, youth and families, and others.
– Federal assistance. • CSREES provides annual formula funding to land-grant universities and competitively granted funds to researchers in land-grant and other universities.
CSREES • CSREES' targeted areas of interest - its 60 identified programs - are grouped in the following National Emphasis Areas: – Agricultural & Food Biosecurity – Agricultural Systems – Animals & Animal Products – Biotechnology & Genomics – Economics & Commerce – Education
– Families, Youth & Communities – Food, Nutrition & Health – International – Natural Resources & Environment – Pest Management – Plants & Plant Products – Technology & Engineering
CSREES • CSREES and its partners focus on critical issues affecting people's daily lives and the nation's future. The advanced research and educational technologies CSREES supports, empower people and communities to solve problems and improve their lives on the local level. • CSREES responds to quality-of-life problems such as: – Improving agricultural productivity – Creating new products – Protecting animal and plant health – Promoting sound human nutrition and health – Strengthening children, youth, and families – Revitalizing rural American communities
CSREES Environmental & Resource Economics Platform • Recreation and Tourism an Emphasis: – Evaluate recreation/tourism impact – Quantify intangible goods & services value – Assess trade-offs in resource uses – Understand location choices & land use education – Investigate land conservation and its effects – Examine environmental justice issues
CSREES Environmental & Resource Economics Platform • • • •
Outdoor recreation, tourism, and agro-tourism have become significant factors in rural economic development. Many rural communities look to the development of tourism to remain viable as traditional resource extractive industries decline. In some instances, tourism has obviously contributed to the local economic base, while in other instances it has detracted from it. Communities need more knowledge on rural tourism activities and the effects of tourism development on community coherence and sustainability.
CSREES Environmental & Resource Economics Platform • • • • •
The study of outdoor recreation issues greatly benefits from an interdisciplinary approach combining research, education, and extension. This approach yields a broader understanding of the environment, ecology, natural resources, human behaviors, history, culture, demography, and their interactions and interrelationships. New tensions are arising from growing populations, demographic changes, new and competing recreation activities, funding availability and changing priorities, public policies, and human capital limitations. Outdoor recreation can be integrated into sustainable natural resources management planning only through enhanced understanding of these complex and interrelated issues. Sustainable resource-based recreation and tourism development can then benefit the rural economy and improve the quality of life.
Cooperative Extension • • •
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The Cooperative Extension Service of the USDA administers funding for Smith Lever Act through partnerships between state and county governments and land-grant universities. The goals of these partnerships involve providing researchbased, educational materials to help individuals, families, communities and businesses. The Cooperative Extension System—which is now 90 years provides answers to commonly encountered problems through applied research, personal consultation, educational materials (print, video, CD), specialized programs, Web-based information, the telephone, and other means. In most states these educational offerings are in the areas of agriculture and food, home and family, the environment, community economic development, and youth & 4-H.
Cooperative Extension • Cooperative Extension has an extensive network of state, regional, and county extension offices in every U.S. state and territory. • These offices have educators and other staff who respond to public inquiries and conduct informal, noncredit workshops and other educational events. • With support from more than 600,000 volunteers, 4H—USDA's 105-year-old youth development program administered through CSREES—engages more than 6.5 million young people every year and teaches them life skills through hands-on learning and leadership activities.
The Extension System • Through all of these activities, Cooperative Extension, CSREES, and Land-Grant Universities impact the lives of millions of Americans each day.
CSREES Global Change & Climate Program • Land Resources Research Agenda: – Research on land-use and land-cover changes focus on: • the processes that determine temporal and spatial distributions of landcover and land-use at local, regional, and global scales; and how and how well land-use and land-cover can be projected over time scales of 5 to 50 years; and • how changes in land-use, management, and cover affect local, regional, and global environmental and socioeconomic conditions, including economic welfare and human health, taking socioeconomic factors and potential technological change into consideration.
– Specific foci will: • identify and quantify human drivers of land-use and land-cover change; • improve monitoring, measuring, and mapping land-use and land-cover, and the management of these data; and • develop projections of land-cover and land-use change under various scenarios of climate, demographic, economic, and technological trends.
Proven Frameworks and Methods
WV Community Continuous Improvement Model, collaboratively developed by a group of state CD professionals, including Cooperative Extension.