2016
Annual Report Providing Solutions
“Free the Science means that we are truly democratizing the practice of publishing.ˮ Krishnan Rajeshwar ECS President
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Providing Solutions for Dissemination L Krishnan Rajeshwar President
Roque J. Calvo Executive Director & CEO
ast year, our annual report reviewed the reasons why ECS is embarking on a game-changing initiative called Free the Science. The initiative calls for a complete 180 degree turn of our publications model where, in the future, upon establishing a supporting fund, we will make our digital library completely free for authors to publish in and for readers, everywhere, to access without subscription fees. We are doing this for two reasons. First, we know that the research that ECS advances in energy, communications, infrastructure, manufacturing, safety, water, and health, leads to progress that benefits mankind and the sustainability of our resources. Second, research publishing is on the cusp of massive change and ECS wants to lead this revolution in our field. This includes moving toward a more open science philosophy that will increase the speed at which research is shared and increase the number of people able to access and participate in the research process. Becoming more open and accessible means that we are sharing more knowledge and sharing more solutions. And who benefits from sharing in this way? People. And it’s people who we want to celebrate in this year’s annual report. People like you, who helped make 2016 one of the most successful years in our history: • We experienced the largest meeting attendance ever due to the growth of our PRiME meeting in Hawaii. • We had the highest number of submissions to our journals in history, and published over 1,700 more journal articles in our digital library. • We grew the number of downloads in the ECS Digital Library to 3.2 million. • We doubled the number of donors to ECS.
These accomplishments do not happen without people and their willingness to contribute their research, time, and resources to ECS. It truly is the force of our community that makes ECS not only a trusted and effective leader in our fields, but also an ambitious leader among scientific societies and publishers. As we mark our milestone 115th anniversary this year, we hope this upward trend in numbers that we saw in 2016 persists, so that ECS continues to flourish in the 21st century. Thank you for continuing to support ECS. Your attendance at our meetings, your gifts to the Society, your article submissions, and your membership, all speak to your dedication to sharing your work that has the potential to improve our lives and make the world a better place.
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The New Model S cientific publishing is a multi-billion dollar industry, yet little of that money is reinvested in the scientists actually conducting the research. Paywalls for those looking to access information and high open access publishing fees impede scientific progress and favor individuals and institutions with resources. As one of the last independent, nonprofit scientific publishers completely governed by scientists, ECS has committed to a long term initiative called Free the Science. Ultimately, the Society wants to make its research freely available to all readers and free for authors to publish open access.
ECS is uniquely qualified to Free the Science. ECS has a long history of excellent science, and doing excellent science vetting. The reviewers of ECS journals are there because they’re interested in science.You get good quality people who are knowledgeable in the field in which you are submitting a paper.
Yue Kuo Texas A&M University professor and 2nd Vice President of ECS
“ECS is one of the oldest professional societies with a great reputation. Written in its history are many famous authors and members, from Nobel Prize laurates to industry leaders and pioneers.”
Johna Leddy University of Iowa professor and ECS Senior Vice President
“ECS doesn’t just publish papers; ECS actually publishes good science.” —Shirley Meng University of California San Diego professor
I think it’s good that we make the information available, but we really need a way of controlling or evaluating to make sure the information is correct. ECS has high quality standards, so the Society can play a really important role in that.
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Neus Sabaté Researcher at the Microelectronic Institute in Barcelona and Science for Solving Society’s Problems Challenge grantee
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of Publishing It’s now or never to make this move. Knowledge and information are power, and ECS is determined to give the power back to the people, back to the authors, back to the researchers, and back to the scientists. “The authors are going to get their information read more widely. They’re going to get cited more widely, and that should open up collaborations, and just expand and grow the field at a much more rapid rate.”
Lili Deligianni IBM Principal Investigator and past ECS Secretary
EJ Taylor Chief Technical Officer of Faraday Technology and ECS Treasurer
“ECS could take the easy road and collaborate with a commercial, forprofit publisher. However, there’s a clear downside in the long run because ECS is formed by the members and its mission is to disseminate the science. If we lose the journals, we lose the content.”
Christina Bock Senior Research Scientist at the National Research Council and 3rd Vice President of ECS
“The rise of commercial publishers has corrupted the process by which we vet, disseminate, and research.” —Johna Leddy University of Iowa professor
Free the Science will have a global impact. “I get a lot of requests from students in developing countries. Their institution may Shirley Meng University of California San not have the resources Diego professor and Vice Chair to subscribe to the of the ECS Battery Division journals, and they send me personal emails to ask for a paper. In some way, ECS is helping developing countries build up their science program.”
(Free the Science) means that we are truly democratizing the practice of publishing. We’re making it an even playing field. It makes it easy for authors to get their results out to places where the use of those results could be maximized. Let’s face it, ultimately what are we doing all this for? We are doing this to improve the quality of life and to leave a better world for the succeeding generations than what we found.
“Giving access to people in developing nations and schools that do not have the same economic resources as some of the higher-tier research institutions, opens up more people to that knowledge, and they can either build upon it or utilize it.” The Electrochemical Society Interface • Summer 2017 • www.electrochem.org
Krishnan Rajeshwar University of Texas at Austin professor and ECS President
David Go University of Notre Dame professor and previous ECS Toyota Young Investigator Fellowship winner
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Publications
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haring scientific solutions is vital to and at the heart of the ECS mission. It proved to be a successful year for both content acquisition and dissemination.
• In 2016, total submissions in ECS journals increased 5.8%. Between 2012 and 2016, submissions have increased almost 25%. • The total number of journal articles published increased 9.2%, a significant jump for one year alone, but also impressive when compared with the previous five years, which averaged under 2% annual growth. Throughout this growth, ECS has maintained its commitment to high quality peer review. • ECS published 582 open access journal articles that went through the same rigorous peer review as did non-open access articles.
75th volume of ECS Transactions
25th anniversary of Interface
• The ECS Digital Library saw a 2.2% increase in the dissemination of content while available content grew by 8%.
It is through important partnerships that the Society seeks solutions to share content. In 2016, a generous grant from the Army Research Office enabled the digitization of the 14 original proceedings volumes of the Molten Salts series making the content freely available in the ECS Digital Library. Involvement in global events, such as Open Access Week, are essential to the discovery and accessibility of our content. In October, ECS participated in International Open Access Week by removing the paywall to the ECS Digital Library, giving the world a preview of what Free the Science will look like in the future. Comparing the average monthly full text/PDF downloads for October 2016 over 2015, ECS recorded a 77% increase in usage of the Society’s active publications. Improvements in operations continue to enhance the discoverability of ECS content. In 2016, upgrades were made to the ECS Online Store, enabling users to simultaneously purchase and download full issue PDFs of ECS Transactions.
8 journal focus issues published
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25% journals manuscript submission increase since 2012
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Meetings 6,053 attendees at the 2016 biannual meetings
50% first time attendees at the 2016 biannual meetings
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f attendance numbers at last year’s biannual meetings are an indicator, we are certainly witnessing the power that electrochemistry and solid state science have to improve the quality of life for people all over the world. For the first time since 1998, ECS returned to San Diego for its May meeting. At this meeting we hosted a special session with the Science for Solving Society’s Problems grantees who were funded through a special program with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The grant winners showcased their research on improving access to clean water and sanitation in developing countries. ECS also celebrated the 25th anniversary of the nanocarbons symposium, first chaired by Karl Kadish. Since 1991, it has featured the founding fathers in this field including Nobel Laureate Richard Smalley and almost 6,000 additional speakers. With 2016 being the silver anniversary of the lithium-ion battery, ECS was proud to continue its relationship with the International Meeting on Lithium Batteries by managing their 17th conference in Chicago, IL, in June. Seventy-five of the world’s leading researchers gave invited talks on this revolutionary technology, with an additional 1,159 poster presentations. The 7th Pacific Rim International Meeting on Electrochemistry (PRiME) was held in Honolulu in October. Originating in 1987 as a joint meeting of ECS and The Electrochemical Society of Japan, PRiME 2016 welcomed the Korean Electrochemical Society as a full partner, and included the technical co-sponsorship of the Chinese Society of Electrochemistry, the Electrochemistry Division of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute, the Japan Society of Applied Physics, the Korean Physical Society Semiconductor Division, and the Semiconductor Physics Division of the Chinese Physics Society. The packed meeting schedule included the 6th International Electrochemical Energy Summit, which focused on “Renewable Energy Generation, Distribution, and Storage.ˮ PRiME also recognized the 25th anniversary of the commercialization of the lithium-ion battery with keynote talks from renowned battery pioneers and innovators John Goodenough, Stanley Whittingham, Michael Thackeray, Zempachi Ogumi, and Martin Winter.
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Membership & Education
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n 2016, we continued to focus on solutions to improve the experience for our members: we instituted an automatic membership renewal program; worked to revise institutional member benefits to make them more rewarding for our business allies; grew our student chapter membership by ten worldwide; and, launched a monthly student-oriented enewsletter to keep our early career researchers engaged with the Society. ECS provided almost $30,000 to help fund student chapter activities and awarded over 700 students Society memberships through educational and division funds. Divisions provided more than $80,000 in travel grant funds through the biannual meeting travel grant program to more than 150 student members. There were almost 400 biannual meeting travel grant applications across various divisions. Since 2014, ECS has partnered with Toyota Research Institute of North America on a fellowship for young researchers working in the area of green energy technology. Goals include finding viable alternative energy sources as a replacement for oil, reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and preventing air pollution. Last year, we awarded over $195,000 for the ECS Toyota Young Investigator Fellowships.
8,477 ECS members
$25,000 awarded for five ECS summer fellowships
2,693 student members
This was a great experience all around. It was a real shot of confidence, in the early days, to be recognized as having an interesting idea. Then, an aspect I didn’t necessarily anticipate was the interaction with Toyota’s Research Institute. They not only visited our site, but also gave me the chance to visit their site to discuss our results. This was an opportunity for some really insightful feedback from some very smart people that wouldn’t have been possible in such an intimate setting otherwise. — Patrick Cappillino, assistant professor, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.
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Honors & Awards 13 fellows of ECS inducted
(That’s a total of 295 since 1990.)
34 total number of Society, division, and section awards given out in 2016
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raditionally, when a group forms, one of the first things that members do is create a means of recognition. Founding member and sixth ECS president Edward Acheson created the first ECS award in 1929. Since, the Society has built an awards program that includes over 50 Society, division, and section awards. Society and division awards are recognized at each biannual meeting where recipients are invited to present their research. In 2016, John Scully, corrosion expert and mentor at the University of Virginia, delivered his talk as winner of the prestigious Henry B. Linford Award for Distinguished Teaching. Yelena Gorlin of Technische Universität München spoke as one of the inaugural winners of the Battery Division Postdoctoral Associate Research Award Sponsored by MTI Corporation and the Jiang Family Foundation. PRiME 2016 was our biggest endeavor for many reasons including that it was the 44th time that we bestowed our oldest and most significant honor: the Edward Goodrich Acheson Award. The 2016 Acheson award winner was Barry Miller. Previous winners of the Acheson award have been successful scientists, committed ECS volunteers and financial supporters of the organization—including Acheson himself. Miller leaves the same legacy with a career at such institutions as AT&T Bell Laboratories and Case Western University. At ECS, it was his dedication and leadership that executed our first successful (and largest, to that point) European meeting in Paris, France. Finally, his is also a legacy of philanthropy as he was generous enough to make a lead gift to the Free the Science campaign in 2016. Serendipity? Perhaps or simply the ultimate conclusion that benevolence and recognition are intertwined.
$13,000 awards to poster session winners
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Open Science
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othing epitomizes the theme of “Sharing Solutionsˮ as does open access and open science. Since 2013, when ECS’s first foray into openness began, these programs have gained considerable momentum. The most significant step was the establishment of a partnership with the Center for Open Science. In 2016, ECS began working on a number of projects with COS. The first was the decision by ECS to become a signatory to the TOP Guidelines, a set of recommendations for researchers and publishers to establish sound practices for transparency, open sharing, and reproducibility. A next step was partnering with COS to build a new ECS Digital Library to support and embrace the Society’s ultimate goal of completely opening all the content it publishes, with no fees to authors and no charges to individuals or libraries for subscriptions. ECS also began the planning (with COS) of a preprint server, as a solution for researchers to freely share outputs of their research—data sets, presentation slides, draft abstracts and manuscripts—with many benefits. Once committed to open access, the Society decided to do so with its high-quality, peer-reviewed journals, and to not create new ones simply for the sake of publishing open access. In 2016, the journals offered even more of their best-quality content by publishing all ECS focus issues open access. Data science is an exciting area in many disciplines, and ECS has created a Data Science Initiative, including plans for a workshop, an OpenCon event, and publishing the outputs of this research. Data science is an excellent way for ECS to segue from open access into the exciting opportunities of open science.
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2016 ECS partnered with Center for Open Science
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Donors
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hank you to the following individuals and organizations that made either unrestricted or program gifts to ECS during 2016. With their support we are able to honor leaders in our field, support travel grants, create innovative programs, and build our Free the Science Fund:
Special thanks Toyota Research Institute of America (TRINA), a division of Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. (TEMA) MTI Corporation and Jiang Family Foundation Houston Endowment, Inc. Thanks to all of our 2016 individual donors. Kuzhikalail Abraham James Acheson Radoslav Adzic Robert Alwitt Khalil Amine Alfred Anderson John Angus Susumu Arai Marcelle Austin Zhumabay Bakenov Jennifer Bardwell* Ahmad Barham Daniel Bauza Rajaram Bhat John Blocher Marta Boaro Christina Bock** Gerardine Botte Mikhail Brik Glen Brown William Brown Rudolph Buchheit** D. Noel Buckley W. Murray Bullis James Burgess Keith Burnette
Kenneth Cadien Long Cai Scott Calabrese Barton** Robert Calhoun Ann Call Roque Calvo Michael Carpenter Graham Cheek Guohua Chen Pushpa Chhetri Giovanni Chiavarotti Toyohiro Chikyow Bryan Chin** Karen Chmielewski Anne Co Karla Cosgriff Beth Craanen Stephen Creager Alexander DeAngelis Enrique Dede Lili Deligianni** Howard Dewald Francesco Di Quarto Detlef Diesing Daniel Dobkin Marca Doeff Edward Donahue Wei-Ping Dow Stephan Eichhorn Jens Eller Darell Engelhaupt Mayken Espinoza Brian Evanko Marco-Tulio F. Rodrigues David Fabian Thomas Fahidy Fu-Ren Fan Jiang Fan
Larry Faulkner James Fenton** Jeffrey Fergus* Gerald Frankel* Robert Frankenthal Hiroyuki Fujimori Shinji Fujimoto Yasuhiro Fukunaka Jun Furukawa Timothy Gamberzky Fernando Garzon Hubert Gasteiger Rob Gerth Don Gervasio Ann Goedkoop Norman Goldsmith Genevieve Goldy Nathan Goldy Richard Goodin Vladimir Gritsenko Lorenz Gubler Turgut Gur** Masa-aki Haga Takashi Hakari Douglas Hansen Akito Hara Leslie Hardy James Harris Adam Heller Dennis Hess* Michael Heynes Fumio Hine Curtis Holmes Natalie Holzwarth W. Jean Horkans Kimberly Horsley Howard Huff Ghulam Hussain
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Charles Hussey Subramanian Iyer Rangarajan Jagannathan Gaurav Jain Angelique Jarry Christopher Johnson** Norbert Jux Ryogo Kato Nozomi Kawakami Robert Keidan Robert Kelly Martin Kendig Marco Kirm Takeshi Kobayashi Paul Kohl** Bernd Kolbesen Suryanarayana Kolluri Joe Koshina Robert Kostecki** Sankalp Kota Zlata Kovac Mahadevaiyer Krishnan Sadagopan Krishnan Kevin Krist Simeon Krumbein Michael Krumpelt Yue Kuo** Bruce Lane Jose Larcin Kelly Lazzaroni Arthur Learn Johna Leddy** Ui-Hyoung Lee Peter Lewis Hongyang Li Ying-Chih Liao Chek Hai Lim Clovis Linkous
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Donors Chung-Chiun Liu Jun Liu Yanwen Liu Henri Maget Tyler Mahy Alfredo Mameli Nicholas Maskalick Gangadhara Mathad Toshiaki Matsui Michael May James McIntyre Paul McIntyre Shirley Meng Jeremy Meyers Barry Miller Shelley Minteer* Sudhan Misra Tomofumi Miyashita Thomas Moffat Esmaily Mohsen Herbert Moltzan Masayuki Morita Theodore Moustakas Rangachary Mukundan* Takurou Murakami Joel Murphy Madhivanan Muthuvel Masaru Nagai Kiyoharu Nakagawa Hironori Nakajima John Newman Jun-Ichi Nishizawa Yaw Obeng** Kenji Ogisu Toshikazu Okubo Anna Olsen Yasuhisa Omura Mark Overberg** Sennu Palanichamy Robert Palmer Bryan Pivovar Elizabeth PodlahaMurphy** Linus Portman
Mark Pritzker Swetha Puchakayala Sampath Purushothaman Sudarshan Purushothaman Jing Qi Krishnan Rajeshwar** Vijay Ramani Murali Ramasubramanian Satyalakshmi Ramesh Robert Rapp Madis Raukas** Erin Redmond Douglas Riemer** Ryota Saito Muthumanickam Sankarapandian John Sans Mukundan Sarukkai Ramesh Sarukkai Sekhar Sarukkai Keith Sasaki Robert Savinell* Daniel Scherson** Morton Schwartz Hiroshi Senoh Gayatri Seshadri Saba Seyedmahmoudbaraghani Yang Shao-Horn Toshio Shibata David Shifler Tadashi Shinohara Ashok Shukla Kurt Sieber Milton Silver Jeong Gon Son Narasi Sridhar Vivek Srinivasamurthi A K Srouji Kurt Stern Steven Stevenson Keith Stine Frederick Strieter Alice Suroviec Seisho Take
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Esther Takeuchi Daisuke Takimoto Zhijiang Tang E. Jennings Taylor** Isabel Tejedor Agnès Tixier-Mita Carl Townsend Orlin Trapp Forrest Trumbore Donald Tryk Hiroaki Tsuchiya Junichi Tsuji Natasa Vasiljevic Philippe Vereecken Anil Virkar Eric Wachsman** Kyosuke Watanabe Adam Weber John Weidner Bruce Weisman** Clinton Winchester David Wipf Mei Hsuan Wu Nae-Lih Wu* Nianqiang Wu** Naoaki Yabuuchi Masahiro Yamamoto Osamu Yamamoto Masaki Yamamura Takeshi Yanagida Mary Yess Hiroshi Yoneyama David Young Ji-Sang Yu Jiaxin Zheng
ECS is grateful to the following companies and institutions which have supported the Society through membership, sponsorship, and/ or exhibits. Their involvement ensures that we are able to advance the most cutting edge research in our fields through conferences and publications. 3M Company Air Force Office of Scientific Research Air Liquide Advanced Materials Air Products Aldritch Materials Science ALS Co., Ltd AMETEK - Scientific Instruments Applied Materials Applied Microengineering Ltd. Arbin Instruments Argonne National Laboratory Asahi Kasei Corporation ASM Association of Fuel Cells/ECSJ Axiall Corporation BASi Bio-Logic USA BMW Group Bondtech Co., Ltd. Central Electrochemical Research Institute Chemcat Scientific Committee of Battery Technology, Japan Dioxide Materials Dropsens SL Duracell EL-Cell GmbH Energizer ESL Electro-Science EV Group Faraday Technology, Inc.
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Donors FEI Fluffy Graphene Ford Motor Company Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. FUJIFILM Dimatix, Inc. Gamry Instruments Gelest, Inc. General Motors Corporation Giner, Inc./GES GLOBALFOUNDRIES GS-Yuasa International Ltd. HE3DA Hiden Analytical Hohsen Corporation Hokuto Denko Honda R&D Co., Ltd. Honda Research Institute USA HORIBA Scientific HORIBA, Ltd. Hydro-Quebec I2CNER IBM Corporation IMERYS Graphite & Carbon Industrie De Nora S.p.A. Interactive International Lead Association IonPower i-SENS Ivium Technologies Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Koei Chemical Co., Ltd. Lam Research Corporation Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Leclanche SA LG Chem Los Alamos National Laboratory Maccor Mattson Thermal Products GmbH McScience, Inc.
Medtronic Inc. Metrohm USA MFC Systems, LLC Micrux Fluidic Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Machine Tool Co., Ltd. Molecular Rebar Design MTI Corporation Musashino Engineering Next Energy EWE - Forschungszentrum für Energietechnologie Nichia Corporation Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation Nissan ARC, Ltd. Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. NKT Photonics Novati Technologies, Inc. Novonix Occidental Chemical Corp. Office of Naval Research Panasonic Corporation, AIS Company Park Systems Corporation Permascand AB Phosphor Research Society of Japan Picosun USA Pine Research Instrumentation Princeton Applied Research/ Solartron Analytical Princeton Instruments Product Systems, Inc. Quallion, LLC RASIRC Saft Batteries, Specialty Batteries Group Samsung R&D Institute Japan Samsung SDI Sandia National Laboratories SanDisk Scribner Associates, Inc. Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. Targray
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TDK Corporation, Device Development Center Technic Inc. Tektronics Teledyne Energy Systems, Inc. The Electrosynthesis Company, Inc. Thermo Fisher Scientific Tianjin Lishen Battery Joint-Stock Co., Ltd. Tokyo Electron Limited (TEL) Toray Research Center, Inc. Toshima Manufacturing Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc. Toyota Research Institute of North America U.S. Army Research Office Ultratech/Cambridge Nano Tech Umicore AG & Co. KG Vacuum Technology, Inc. Verder Scientific Water Star, Inc. Western Digital WildCat Discovery Technology Xergy, Inc. X-FAB MEMS Foundry GmbH Yeager Center for Electrochemical Sciences at CWRU Zahner-elektrik GmbH & Co KG ZSW In-kind support Hilton Worldwide GoogleAds *Denotes ECS Editorial Board Member **Denotes ECS Board Member Thank you to all of our supporters. If there is a mistake in our listings, please contact development@electrochem.org and we will issue a correction.
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Financials STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES (for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015)
2016
2015
$7,346,472
$7,438,703
5,487,591 505,682 484,511 724,671 7,202,455 144,017 904,043 $1,048,060
5,763,436 566,249 277,782 704,716 7,312,183 126,520 (493,617) $(367,097)
2016
2015
$13,734,986
$12,261,861
4,149,379
4,234,484
Total Assets LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS Liabilities
$17,884,365
$16,496,345
$2,373,433
$2,033,473
Net Assets Total Liabilities and Net Assets
15,510,932 $17,884,365
14,462,872 $16,496,345
REVENUE Total Operation Revenue EXPENSE Program Services Rental Operations Fundraising General & Adminsitrative Total Expense Total Increase in Net Assets From Operations Net Change in Fair Value of Investments INCREASE IN NET ASSETS
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015)
ASSETS Cash, Investmetns and other Property & Equipment
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Mission
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he mission of ECS is to advance and disseminate knowledge in the fields of electrochemical and solid state science and technology, and allied subjects. To encourage research, discussion, and critical assessment, the Society holds meetings, publishes scientific papers, fosters training and education of scientists and engineers, and cooperates with other organizations to promote science and technology in the public interest.
ECS envisions a future where our published peer-reviewed research will be completely open access, an initiative that we call Free the Science. ECS is leading the way as a steward of scientific knowledge in our technical domains and accelerating scientific discovery and innovation by promoting openness and increased accessibility of research, the scientific process, and data. To support our bold vision for open access you can make a gift directly to the Free the Science campaign or to any ECS program area that contributes to the overall financial position of the organization: • Awards • Specific collections in the ECS Digital Library • Meeting symposia • The ECS Fund, an unrestricted fund supporting the greatest needs of the organization as determined by leadership
Visit electrochem.org & freethescience.org to donate online or send an email to development@electrochem.org to discuss ways to give, including planned giving and IRA charitable rollovers. Other ways to contribute to ECS include membership, exhibiting, sponsoring, advertising, and submitting abstracts to our meetings and/or articles to our journals. Together, our Society can share solutions for the benefit of our global society. Thank you. CONTACT ECS ECS – The Electrochemical Society 65 South Main Street, Building D Pennington, NJ 08534-2839, USA 609.737.1902 electrochem.org | ECSBlog.org | @ECSorg
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