3 ANO - STANDFOR - MAG5

StandFor

MAG 12582717

nยบ 005

ISBN 978-85-96-00296-7

05_INGLES_CAPA_QUARTA_CAPA.indd 2-3

S E O R E H R E P SU ANIMAL SENSES

www.standfor.com.br

5/25/16 1:18 PM

Video Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Traveling Around the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Trash, the Invisible Enemy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Animal Senses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 The Evolution of Clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 Adventure Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Superheroes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Double Puzzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

FEATURE ARTICLE Although playing with building blocks, dolls and toy trucks was great once, as you get a bit older, however, games need to be more exciting.

VIDEO S E M A G

A lot of people seem to have the most fun with video games, which are nothing more than electronic systems like computers with display screens.

Video games can be classified by genre, like shooter, action, music or horror, or by platform, like console, PC, handheld or arcade.

History Back in the 1950s, there was a lot of fun in watching TV, but a scientist named Ralph Baer thought it could be better if you were able to interact with your TV. He came up with the idea for the first video game in history, the Odyssey 100.

In the 1960s, computers ceased to be just military devices. Following their development, scientists created arcade video games. By the 1980s, playing in penny arcades, on specially designed video game consoles and on home computers turned into popular entertainment all over the world.

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Old timers Games consoles have gone from being those big old-fashioned things that people played using joysticks to control their television sets to the wild technological masterpieces we use today. In the 1970s, people started playing games like Pong and PacMan and Tetris with Ataris (you still can find computer versions of them). Nowadays, the wildly growing video game market has outgrown even bestsellers like Donkey Kong and Mario Brothers.

Jobs and games New job opportunities have opened up thanks to video game popularity.

Video games usually use catchy music to make them seem more appealing and gifted musicians are finding that writing and playing electronic music is a great chance for employment.

Famous music schools are offering courses in writing the music for video games. Composers and artists famous for other music — such as film composers Harry Gregson-Williams, Trent Reznor and Hans Zimmer — have worked on soundtracks for recent games.

Museum

New generation Instead of just having a player sit on the couch holding a joystick and try to capture some bleeping signals, we have graduated to Sony PlayStations, Nintendo Wiis, and the latest Xbox games. Some games let you use motion-sensing, pointer-based controllers to play sports like tennis and bowling or even play instruments with your television set.

You actually have to get up off the couch and go through the movements of the sport.

Playing has became important for people of all ages. Just like the early scientists thought, games make everything more fun (including learning math, history and geography) like in flight simulators and real-time strategy games such as Age of Empires!

They are so important that we even have museums dedicated to games!

Check out the fabulous Museum of Play at http://museumofplay.org!

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LIFESTYLE

Traveling Around the World

The French writer Jules Verne published his book Around the World in Eighty Days more than a century ago, in the year 1873. It describes the wonderful adventures of Phileas Fogg traveling around the world. Since then, the book’s main character has enticed generations of readers to imagine the excitement of world travel.

What happens over there?

Have we not all wondered from time to time what really happens on the other side of the world? Reading Jules Verne’s story makes us want to go and find out what it is truly like in all those different places!

Luckily, it is not the 19th century anymore. Nowadays, it really is possible to travel around the world. There are all sorts of different ways to get it done and different things to see and do along the way.

Since the Earth’s circumference at the equator is 40075.16 kilometers, if you were traveling by plane and did not have to stop to refuel, you could actually fly around the Earth in about 45 hours

Now that is nothing compared to the 80 days in Jules Verne’s book! Today it is so common to travel around the world that there are even websites dedicated to it, like http://mosttraveledpeople.com.

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How to

If you would like to travel around the world someday, there are many things to consider before starting out. For example, you will need to decide how much time you can spend, how many countries you want to visit, who you are taking along on the trip. That will tell you how much money you will need to spend. For instance, Dave Kunst was the first person to walk around the world. That took four years! He did not spend money on airline tickets, obviously, but he still had to have money for eating and for lots of new shoes!

Although you can travel through all countries by boat, bus, car or train, by far the most common way to travel around the world is by airplane. Most airlines offer a package deal for people who are interested in traveling the whole way around.

How long Even though it could be done in one short weekend, most people buy a package with a single airline that covers the whole trip. The RTW (round the world) booking system makes flying less expensive, as long as you abide by their rules, like the maximum number of stops you can make during the trip (usually around 15) and travel in only one direction the whole time.

The airlines have made it possible for you to have a pasta dinner in Italy, build a snowman in Siberia, go for a swim with the dolphins in Fiji, make it to a movie in Los Angeles, and get to a baseball game at Yankee Stadium in New York City all in the same week.

Better yet, it can all be done on a budget so you don’t have to be as wealthy as Phileas Fogg!

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TRASH, the invisible enemy

Do you know how much trash you produce daily? In Brazil in 2013, each person produced almost ONE kilo of trash every day. Have you ever stopped to think what happens to the garbage after it leaves your house?

How to reduce trash?

Countries all over the world are still working hard to discover the best ways to deal with the garbage that we produce. You can help.

Think before buying Commercials show us how happy we will be if we buy more fashionable makeup and newer computers. But do you really need a new phone every year? Fixing things instead of buying new ones is also a good way to help reduce trash.

Also, you don’t have to buy something you are going to use only once or twice. Perhaps you could borrow or rent it from a friend or neighbor. You can share things you own but don’t want anymore with others who need them.

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What happens to trash?

When the trash collector comes and picks up your trash and take it away, around half of it ends up in landfills. Landfills are special places, usually located far from cities, that are prepared to recieve large amouts of garbage. Landfills have to be monitored for a long time to make sure that no dangerous gases are leaking into the surrounding ground or natural water supplies. But there’s not enough space in the world to store all the trash we produce.

Another way to deal with trash is to incinerate it. However, burning trash creates air pollution and foul smelling smoke. It is not the best solution.

Also pay attention to the packaging of what you buy, it accounts for almost 20% of the trash we produce. And always recycle what is possible. For every meter of paper recycled, you save ten trees!

Food waste Eat all the food on your plate instead of taking too much and throwing the leftovers out. Eat fruits like apple with the peel after you wash them.

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DID YOU KNOW?

ANIMAL SENSES

Have you ever seen two dogs barking at each other? Do you wonder if they are talking?

The answer is probably yes. Dogs, among other animals, can think, feel, and recognize other animals.

Dogs recognize each other by their smell, not by their image. Have you ever seen a dog in front of a mirror? He usually acts like his image is another dog.

We usually recognize another person by his or her facial or body characteristics. Humans are complex animals.

We are the only ones that can create systems such as language. We can also read facial expressions to determine emotions – but not when they are upside down.

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The Thatcher effect

Humans recognize a limited amount of facial expressions – specifically, upright facial expressions.

Faces seem unique despite the fact that they are very similar. So, if you look at a picture of a face upside down, you can’t tell if the person is happy or sad.

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FIVE SENSES But other animals also recognize each other, in different forms. Bugs, fish, frogs and lizards, for example, can recognize their siblings through smell. Birds and mammals, on the other hand, recognize smell, voice and physical characteristics.

And why is that? Each animal has different abilities to comprehend the world, based on the development of its five senses. Dogs, for example, “see� the world through smell and sound, since their hearing and sense of smell are more precise than their sight.

e. But m a s e h t age is m i e e up, h d t i , s n i t a h r g i b r picture To your d n o c e s th are e u h o t m t u d p n a u if yo he eyes t t a h t to see e u e o s y n d a e c k c u i yo rain tr b r u o Y . inverted ture: c i p t c e r r the co

SMELL - the more cells you have in your nose, the more you can smell things.

Human: 5 million olfactory cells Cat: 25 million olfactory cells Dog: 300 million olfactory cells HEARING - the bigger the

range, you can hear more things.

Human: between 20 and 20,000 hertz Cat: between 48 and 85,000 hertz Beluga: between 1.2 and 123,000 hertz

SIGHT - the more color receptors you have, the more colorful your life is.

Human: 3 color receptors Parrot: 4 color receptors Dog: 2 color receptors TASTE - the more taste buds you have, the more flavors you can perceive.

Human: 9 thousand taste buds Dog: 1700 taste buds Bagre: 27 thousand taste buds TOUCH - all animals have touch

It's called the Thatcher effect because the first photo to be tested for this was from the former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.

receptors, but they’re located in different parts of the body.

Human: hands, feet and tongue Dog: the long hairs on their noses Elephant: the tip of their trunk

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The f o n o i t u l evo

G N I H T CLO

shion ium, or the fa u lg e B in , m u n, yo e Mode Muse m, in Londo u se u M rt e If you visit th lb w clothing ictoria and A heck out ho c to section of V y it n u rt protect ne oppo skin used to l a im will have a fi n a f o s venues e piece now. If these is it went from th t a h w this weather to it about it in b a rn a le us from the n a c of hand, you e. are too out tory timelin is h n io fash

ns believe Prehistory: historia ing furry us d rte that humans sta bodies eir th r ve animal skin to co years ago. around 540 thousand

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Stone Age: th e fir that look like ne st objects edles, made of marble and bo nes, were foun d in Russia and ar e allegedly 30 thousand ye ars old.

ly the royals, Ancient Egypt: on ilies had priests and richest fam both men clothing at this time; ar skirts and women would we cotton and and dresses, made of protect their linen, and sandals to desert. feet from the burning

Ancient Rome: bo ys and girls started wearing tunic s and togas; that’s when people sta rted dying fabrics to make color ful clothing.

tablished as Current fashion: es l expression, an artistic and persona t) 100% free; outfits became (almos rld trends, celebrities dictate wo ls feel more gir d but both boys an at best wh ar we comfortable to . es liti na suits their perso

Byzantine Middle Ages: nsisted of thick, fashion style co es mplicated piec layered and co ea en would w r of clothing; wom ses, and men dres cloaks and long se and jackets. would wear ho

20th Century: techn ological advances caused fashio n to evolve fast, from decade to decade; it started in the 20s, wh en high couture gained powe r, and ended in the colorful synthe tic wave that dominated the 80s an d 90s.

Renaissance: while workingclass families would wear simpler outfits, made of wool or linen, the nobility and the wealthy had access to clothes made to highlight their qualitie s – beauty for women and stren gth for men.

Industrial revolution: this was the time when everything changed, including people’s wardrobe; social rules dictated that girls shouldn’t show too much skin, while men’s fashion grew pompous.

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e m i t e r u t n Adve ENTERTAINMENT

t s e d l i w e h t om r f u o y e k a t n a c s t r o p s e m ils a r t i Extre k s t s e i w o n s e h t o t s e h beac g a bike, catchin own a hill on d g in o e G m s. rt so for e spo the most fun is st love extrem d u ar m o u b y yo n e ti in a nal ugh snow on If you like adre or cutting thro ch ea b e th . ties wild waves at tdoorsy activi ey became any other ou m as e ar 80s, when th as 19 , e th in people as w eme courage to ere called extr ce and lots of w an s id rt u o g sp al n ch su ings: professio The first time offer. u need two th yo e, ic ct nature has to ra p at th To r. se la el u g p o in p d everyth wind, seas an face heights,

Kitesurfing Surfing has gained many variations throughout the years and this is one of them. Kitesurfers can do pretty much the same as “regular” surfers, but using a special kite attached to their waist they can also fly high and make wild moves.

The difficulty is set by the equipment used, but just running over the sea with no jumps already seems very extreme.

Rafting It can be practiced by professional competitors or by amateurs – normally tourists looking for some action at ecotourism destinations. Rafting is a modern sport and it’s all about descending rapids on a boat. There are different levels of difficulty, defined by the presence of rocks or the velocity of the waters, both of which imply more or less dangerous maneuvers.

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Parachuting Jumping out of an airplane is a sport and there are, actually, a few different types of competitions including freestyle and sky surfing. In most of them, jumpers are evaluated by their flying and landing skills, and, even though it’s a competitive sport, anyone can do it with a proper instructor. Base-jumping is also a type of parachuting in which practitioners jump off cliffs and buildings – but due to high mortality rates, this is an illegal activity in some countries.

Mountain biking The name of the sport speaks for terrain: practitioners go down mountains and other difficult grounds on their bikes, facing natural obstacles. It’s not necessarily dangerous and some forms can into be practiced on farms and straight roads – although safety equipment is always required. Professionals divide in categories that test different riding skills, like bike control going up and down, freestyle stunts and endurance on long routes.

Snowboarding This winter Olympic sport is pretty simple: you’ve got to stand up on the board and go down a snowy hill. While you’re on it, you can make loops, spins and other stunts very similar to surfing movements. It is, although, very dangerous.

Slopes are classified according to danger levels.

Motocross One of the most traditional extreme sports, motocross has many categories and is practiced on different kinds of adapted motorcycles in off-road locations. It requires a lot of strength to control a bike while going around a circuit at high speed – normally on mud.

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Comic books, as a form of entertainment, have been around for a long time, but the invention of inexpensive paper in the 19th century made it possible for more people to buy magazines.

Unlike the comic strips in newspapers, often referred to as “funnies,” pulp magazines

sold stories filled with lots of action and adventure. By the 1940s, with war ravaging Europe, pulp fiction and comic book heroes were entertaining the masses with heroes who could do things that were far beyond what a normal person could do.

SUPERMAN

ll buildings ping over ta st iconic m ju n a g e b o rst Superman fi und back in 1938. The m he is the o s, b ic le m g o n c in a si ted in ever be crea y. superhero to te macho-man good gu ultima

Superman’s parents sent him to Earth when his planet Krypton shattered. He is such a beloved character because he never turns his back on traditional moral values.

Over and over, he fights injustice, defends the truth, and proves himself capable of unimaginable bravery to save others.

Superman’s powers include super strength; super hearing; super speed; and telescopic, microscopic and x-ray vision. He can also fly. The only thing that can destroy him is a substance from his home planet called Kryptonite. Other than that, his body is practically indestructible.

BATGIRL

ne of d to be o the te a re c s a worn ter w ara gir ls have ir l charac The B atg e -k icks. Different ous one was B arb sid ost fam Police B atman's but the m mes G ordon, the , rm o if n batgir l u n, the niece of Ja G otham Cit y.

G ordo ioner of Commiss

The first time she dressed as a superhero was to spite her father, but after saving Batman’s life she started to enjoy protecting Gotham City.Just like Batman, Batgirl doesn’t have any special powers, besides being a black belt in judo and karate, but she’s super smart and has a belt full of surprises to beat the bad guys.

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BATMAN

After swearin g his parents d to get revenge on the c riminals that uring a robb e k Wayne work s very hard a ry, the young billionaire illed Bruce nd trains him self intellectually to fight crim physically and e.

The story of Batman is proof that superheroes do not need super powers. He disguises himself as a bat and uses his money to create new technologies that help him to solve mysteries and fight evil. Bruce Wayne set up a secret headquarters in caves under his mansion and as Batman, or the Dark Knight, spends his time protecting his city, Gotham, from villains.

WONDER W

OMAN

Wonder W comic bo oman is the most p o 1941, she k superhero of all opular female time. Crea wa s b a s e d warriors o on the Amazons, ted in f Greek m w ythology. omen

She became a feminist icon as a representation of gender equality and strength. As her creator Dr. Marston once put it, “Frankly, Wonder Woman is psychological propaganda for the new type of woman who, I believe, should rule the world.”

She led the women of Paradise Island to freedom from men’s prisons. Sometimes known by her secret identity of Diana Prince, Wonder Woman has a wide range of powers and weapons to fight evil, including a lasso of truth, which she uses to force evil enemies to confess.

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LET'S HAVE FUN

Double puzzle Unscramble each clue word. Copy the words to the other cells with the same number and find the tongue-twister sentence. Can you say it really fast?

LOGIC PUZZLE A man who lives on the tenth floor takes the elevator down to the first floor every morning and goes to work. In the evening, when he comes back; on a rainy day, or if there are other peolple in the elevator, he goes to his floor directly. Otherwise, he goes to the seventh floor and walks up three flights of stairs to his apartment. Can you explain why?

Answer: the man is of short stature. He can't reach the upper elevator buttons, but he can ask people to push them for him. He can also push them with his umbrella.

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