Our Languages - 3

788596 026598 9

ISBN 978-85-96-02659-8

9110103000016

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CONTENTS WELCOME

page

. ng . many / how much be goi t . a, an, some, and any how pas ple sim vs. t sen . pre ple . conjuctions sim

6

LISTENING

READING UNIT 1 Be Friendly, Be Positive

page

UNIT 2 Self ... Love Self ... Awareness

12

st . web article . Instagram po . letter . listicle

page

UNIT 3 Life Skills

UNIT 4 How to Be a Good Friend!

. comic strip . online article . dictionary entry . cartoon . advice column

. quiz answers . YouTuber video

to vs. will .

N

COMMUNICATIO . give advice and ask for clarification

. audio letter . motivational speech

. record a letter

22 . audio explanation . TED-Ed talk

. web articles

32

page

nces of . YouTubers sharing experie nt de being an exchange stu

. letter page

. share a situation and give advice

. talk about advantages and disadvantages . record a video – present yourself

42

UNIT 5 ies Issues and Opportunit with Technology page

UNIT 6 A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed

52

page

UNIT 7 Dealing with Tech

. poem . hashtags

62 . memes . blog post

72

page

tprints . YouTuber talking about foo g rin . a talk about oversha . news stories

. campaign nds . conversation between frie . YouTuber’s experiences licies . message about bullying po

. letter . meme . speech

page

UNIT 8 When Does the Future Start?

. tweets . photographer’s description

. essay

. songs phones . a talk about the use of cell

ture . testimonial about maker cul future . predictions about cities in the

. article . tweet

ions

. answer and ask quest

tion

. have an informal conversa

. clear up misunderstandings

. make an invitation

82 CLIL and STEAM

100

REVIEW

92

page

page

VERB LIST

158

WORKBOOK

126

page

page

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17/02/20 09:20

N

ation

ngs

lity . fruits and vegetables . can – ability, permission, and possibi tive erla sup and intensifiers . comparative

WRITING . message and reply on an advice column

. listicle

. argumentative paragraph

. letter to a host family

. create a hashtag . post using a hashtag

. speech

. essay

. tweet

WORD BANK STUDENT A and B

D3_4066_ING_F2_LA_V3_001a005_INICIAIS.indd 5

. school subjects

VOCABULARY

GRAMMAR

. personality adjectives . prefixes: de-, dis-, un-

. zero conditional

rases

. modifiers and adverbial ph

. future (will) – review . infinitive vs. gerund

. leader adjectives

. have to vs. must

. determiners and quantifiers . prepositions

. will: promises, offers, and

decisions

. indefinite pronouns: . first conditional

nouns: . many / much . relative pro when . should where, who, which,

. future time ure . present progressive for fut

. feelings and emotions . food . personality traits

. contractions

. expressing support

. asking for clarification

. maker culture . future of cities

page 108

GRAMMAR

page

116

page 159

S STICKERS and CUTOUT

page

162

21/01/20 15:50

16 2

unit 1

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1

Differentiate introverts and extroverts.

3

Talk about online trolling.

2

Recognize personality adjectives.

4

Use prefixes to form opposites.

21/01/20 16:33

8

Recognize negativity bias.

6

n.

Express confusion and request additional informatio

9

Use the zero conditional.

7

Talk about the world today.

10

Ask for and give advice.

D3_4066_ING_F2_LA_V3_012a021_U1.indd 13

13

Recognize sentence stress.

UNIT 1 .

5

21/01/20 16:33

1

Look at the image on the right and underline the appropriate answers. a What kind of text is this?

• cartoon or comic strip • infographic

b Where can you find this kind of text?

• novels or leaflets • websites, social media, newspapers, or magazines

c The dialog balloons indicate …

• screams and whispers.

• speech and thoughts.

2

3

Discuss with a partner. a Do you like reading this kind of text?

Now read the text above and answer: What is it about? Check your answer with a partner.

b Who do you think reads this kind of text?

4

Skim the text and discuss with a partner: What are the main characteristics of an introvert?

7:01 PM Search

FAQ

Do you assume that you know who is an introvert

The following are just a few of the signs that you (or 1. Being Around Lots of People Drains Your Energy One of the major characteristics of this personality type is that

14 . BE FRIENDLY, BE POSITIVE

extroverts who gain energy from such interactions.

CONTACT US

FEED

and who isn’t?

someone you know) might be an introvert.

introverts have to expend energy in social situations, unlike

2. You Enjoy Solitude As an introvert, your idea of a good time is a quiet afterno on to yourself to enjoy your hobbies and interests.

This does not mean that the average introvert wants to be alone all the time. They key thing to remember is that after a long day of social activity, an introvert will probab ly want to retreat to a quiet place to think, reflect, and recharge.

3. You Have a Small Group of Close Friends While extroverts generally have a wide circle of friends and acquaintances, introverts typically choose their friends much more carefully. Their closest relationships tend to be profound and significant.

4. People Often Describe You as Quiet While some introverts certainly are shy, people certain ly should not mistake an introvert's reserve for timidity .

In many cases, people with this personality type simply prefer to choose their words carefully.

5. Too Much Stimulation Leaves You Feeling Distrac ted and Unfocused According to at least one study, researchers have found that introverts tend to be more easily distracted than extrove rts, which is part of the reason why introverts tend to prefer a quieter, less harried setting.

Cherry, Kendra. "8 Signs You´re an Introvert." Verywell Mind.

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May 05, 2019. Accessed May 14, 2019. https://www.verywellmind.c

om/signs-you-are-an-introvert-2795427.

21/01/20 16:33

YOU

5

Read the text again and write T (true) or F (false).

Then check your answers to Activity 4.

ARE

AT LE S

SON

1

Classify each sentence as E (extrovert) or I (introvert).

6

a Introverts find social situations tiring.

a I will spend the whole Sunday reading.

b Extroverts get energy from other people.

b I prefer to work with a group. c Introverts want to be alone all the time.

c I’m happy when I’m talking

d Introverts are unfriendly.

to people that I don’t know.

d I think a lot, but I don’t say

e Introverts are all shy.

much about myself.

f

7

Extroverts are less easily distracted than introverts.

Some people were interviewed on the street. They were asked what they think introverted people are like. Listen to their opinions. Circle the adjectives that you hear. . depressed . friendly . happy . lonely . quiet . sad . unfriendly

2

8

THINK TANK

Do you agree with any of the interviewees? Why? Share your opinion with a partner.

• •

9

Do you think you are more of an introvert, extrovert, or ambivert?

Discuss with your partner.

Do you think that introverts and extroverts ca n get along?

Are you friendly to people who are different from you?

Do you try to un derstand them?

PERSONALITY ADJECTIVES

10

Write the personality adjectives and phrases in the correct column. . approachable . confident . friendly . great listener . outgoing . private person . quiet . reserved . sociable . unfriendly Introvert

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15

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Both

UNIT 1 .

WORD BANK: PAGE 108

Extrovert

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troll /trōl/ _

noun [countable]

ll or very tall. s in a cave and is either very sma live t tha ies stor ian nav ndi Sca 1. a very ugly creature in old in order to provoke people. hostile comments on a website and e ativ neg es writ who e 2. someon . nary. Acces sed June 14, 2019 “Troll ” | Mean ing in the Macm illan Dictio tionar y/brit ish/tr oll_1 . https: //www.macm illand iction ary.co m/dic

1

Look at the dictionary entry above, then read the comic strip and answer. a What is an online troll?

b Why do you think the actual troll is afraid to post on social media?

2

Work in pairs. a Imagine that a friend of yours received messages from a troll.

3

Can you think of three tips on how to deal with this situation? Make a list.

b Now listen to some tips and compare them with your list. Are there similar tips?

16 . BE FRIENDLY, BE POSITIVE

3

What do you think about the advice you heard?

Is it helpful? Why?

PREFIXES: DE-, DIS-, UN-

4

Complete the gaps. a The words disconnect and unfollow are the opposite of and

.

b They have opposite meanings because of the prefixes

D3_4066_ING_F2_LA_V3_012a021_U1.indd 16

and

.

WORD BANK: PAGE 108

21/01/20 16:33

YOU

ARE

AT LE S

SON

TIP

2

word to change its meaning. rs added to the beginning of a Prefix is a letter or group of lette

5

Now use de-, dis-, or un- to form the opposites of the words below. a

happy

b

value

c

d

activate

like

WORD EMPHASIS

6 4

Sometimes we don’t understand what someone is saying, and we need to express our confusion or request additional information in a polite manner.

Listen to Paul and Nath speaking on the phone. What problem does Paul have?

7

Look at the expressions that Paul used in his conversation with Nath.

What do they have in common? . Could you explain that, please? . Could you say that again? . I don’t quite follow you. . I’m sorry. I don’t understand.

8

When we’re speaking, we emphasize the most important words. Listen to Paul and notice how he emphasizes the words in bold.

5

9 6

I’m sorry. I don’t understand.

Now listen to the other sentences and underline the words that are emphasized.

Then repeat the sentences with the correct sentence stress. a Could you explain that, please? b I don’t quite follow you. c Could you say that again?

10

Role-play. a Get together with a partner. b Decide who is going to be Student A and Student B. c Imagine that Student A has to deal with a troll and is calling to ask for help from Student B who will tell Student A what they need to do. Be creative!

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d Student A has to express confusion and request additional information.

e Change roles.

GE 127 OOK: PA

WORKB

21/01/20 16:33

1

Are you an optimist or a pessimist?

Do you think the world is getting better or worse? Discuss and stick the glass that represents your point of view.

16 3

2

Take the quiz about the world today.

Choose the option you think is correct.

Then compare your answers with a partner. rage 30-year-old a. Around the world, an ave How many years man spent 9 years in school. an spend? did an average 30-year-old wom 9 years

6 years

3 years

ldren in the world b. How many 1-year-old chi a disease? have been vaccinated against 20%

80%

50%

ld have some c. How many people in the wor access to electricity?

20%

3

Now listen and check your answers.

7

5

80%

50%

4

ANK T K HIN

T

t any y? ou ge g? Wh Did y wron s n . o i r tne quest a par of the with s s u Disc

Listen to a YouTuber talking about the answers.

Why do people get the questions wrong?

8

Listen again and underline the appropriate option.

18 . BE FRIENDLY, BE POSITIVE

a Most people base their world view on what …

8

• they learned in school.

• their parents told them.

• their friends told them.

• too much information.

• outdated information.

b Most of us are working with …

• up to date information.

c We tend towards a more negative world view than …

• most people.

• is actually real.

• what the news tells us.

d Slow improvements over time don’t make the news, …

• but bad news does.

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• but good news does.

• because nobody cares.

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YOU

6

ARE

AT LE S

SON

3

Psychologists have fou nd that people have a “negativi ty bias.”

This means that we ten d to remember more bad news than good news.

Has this changed how you see the world?

Will it change how you get your information?

Discuss with a partner.

ZERO CONDITIONAL

7

Look at this sentence and answer the questions.

If you just watch the news, you think the world is a terrible place. if clause

main clause

a Is this sentence about something possible

c Does the main clause express a result or a possibility?

in the future or generally true?

d What is the verb tense in the if clause? b Does the if clause express a condition or a possibility?

8

e What is the verb tense in the main clause?

Rule. Complete the table and pay attention to the basic structure of zero conditional sentences.

If clause If

you

listen

to the news

,

you

think

simple complement comma subject present

If

9

Main clause the world is a terrible place.

complement

Now look at this sentence and answer the questions.

I get angry if I watch the news.

a Is this a zero conditional

b What is the difference between this sentence

sentence?

10

Unscramble the sentences. a get / if / you / results / you / work / hard

c wet / you / get / rain / the / if / in / go out / you

b don’t / you / if / fail / study / you / exams / your

d more / if / read / more / you / you / learn

With a partner, write some tips for overcoming negativity bias. Use if clauses.

GRAMMAR: PAGE 116

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Share your tips with two other partners and choose your five favorite tips.

WORKBOOK:

PAGE 128

19

If you watch the news, remember that the world is not falling apart.

12

UNIT 1 .

11

and the example in the previous activity?

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TIP

1

are commonly confused The words advice and advise in writing and in speaking. eone advice).

Advice is a noun (you give som eone to do something). som ise Advise is a verb (you adv Check the examples below: ’t ever give up.

Sarah gave me some advice: don because she was sick.

Katy advised her sister not to play

Discuss with a partner. a When do you ask for advice? b What qualities does someone need to advise people?

2

Dr. M receives messages from young people and gives them advice.

Read Lola’s message and underline the sentence she uses to ask for help. a Should I do this? b Can you help me? c Please help me. d Can you give me some advice?

My sister is being very mean and annoying, and she is starting to make me cry and get stressed. She is doing stuff like getting me into trouble and making me do all her chores and jobs. Sometimes she can even get a bit violent. Because of this, I keep wishing and wishing to be an only child! But I don’t want to because I love her. I don’t know what to do. My parents won’t listen to me, so I have asked you. Please help me. I’m really stuck. − Lola, 11

“Kids.” Ask Dr. M. December 01, 2018. Accessed May 16, 2019. http://www.askdrm.org/col_kids.html.

3

4

Read Lola’s message again. Write T (true) and F (false).

An advice column is a part of a newspap er, magazine, or website where someone gives advice to people.

It’s also called agony col umn.

a Lola cries because of her sister.

c Lola is an only child.

b Lola’s sister is hurting her physically.

d Lola’s parents are helpful.

Read and complete the advice for Lola. . don’t . recommend . should . suggestion . think . were . why

think you should worry so much, this is just part of being sisters!

I If I

you, I would try and speak to your parents again. Be calm and explain

being mean.

don’t you speak to your sister directly? Ask her to explain why she likes I You I I have a

getting some help for your sister. She has a problem if this is how

to them how upset you are.

she behaves.

just try and avoid her until she grows up! you should speak to a teacher that you like. They might be able to

speak to your parents.

for you. Write your sister a letter explaining how you feel and

leave it for her to read when she is alone.

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17/02/20 09:10

YOU

ARE

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5

Give each piece of advice a score from 1 (terrible advice) to 5 (great advice).

Share your evaluation with a partner. Do you agree? Why (not)?

6

Now read Dr. M’s reply to Lola. Does Dr. M give Lola good advice?

SON

7:01 PM

Dear Lola, I’m so glad you reache

d out to us for help. I’m

about not surprised that you

sometimes wish you cou ld out so much. But when you really think about you recognize that in spi her, te of her annoying beha vior, you still love her and want her in your life That’s how it often is wit . h siblings.

I have some suggestio ns for you. First, try talk ing with your sister wh en she’s in a good mo and explain to her how od, you feel and that you really want to get along better with her. Be sur to let her know that no e matter how angry you get with her, you will alw ays love her and will be for her when she need there s you. Second, you cou ld try talking to your pa rents again. I know you done this before, and ’ve they haven’t listened, but this time, give them specific examples of wh happened (how your sis at has ter made you do her cho res or how she hurt you when she was angry).

If you can stay calm, you will have a better chance of being listened to. Yo u can also try to stay out of your sister ’s wa y when she’s annoying you, but be particularly car ing when she’s being friendly. Try rewarding her positive behavior wh ile ignoring the bad. Ho pe full y, she’ll be fairer to you in the future. be an only child since

your sister stresses you

− Dr. M

169

Claude is introverted and has changed schools. Now he is having trouble making new friends. Write a message from Claude to Dr. M explaining the situation. Use some expressions for asking for advice.

Do you have any advice?

Can you give some advice?

Please help me. I don’t know what to do.

8 169

Swap messages with a partner.

Write Dr. M’s reply and give advice to Claude. Use some expressions below.

If I were you, I would ...

I have some suggestions for you. First ...

I think you should ...

You could ...

You can try ...

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WORKBOOK: PAGE 129

21

92 REVIEW: PAGE

css

When giv ing advic e, offer em pathy an d show th at you c are about w hat the p erson is going through .

Any advice?

What do I do?

faq

UNIT 1 .

What should I do?

contact

ADVICE

“Kid s.” Ask Dr. M. Dec emb er 01, 201 8. Acce ssed May 16, 201 9. http ://w ww. askd rm.o rg/c ol_k ids. htm l.

7

4

21/01/20 16:34

unit 2 16 2

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1

Read and analyze a web article.

3

Talk about the future.

2

Read and identify a recipe.

4

Make predictions using will and won’t.

1/21/20 3:55 PM

8

Understand the use of gerund and infinitive.

6

Read and identify a comic strip.

9

Learn how to deal with failure.

7

Identify some modifiers and adverbial phrases.

10

Write a listicle.

D3_4066_ING_F2_LA_V3_022a031_U2.indd 23

23

Read and analyze letters.

UNIT 2 .

5

17/02/20 09:24

1

Work in pairs. Read and discuss these quotes.

a “I don’t listen to what people say about me

b “When you focus on being the best person

and I don’t read what they write about me.

you can be, you draw the best possible life,

People can compare me to anyone they want to,

love, and opportunities to you.” — Germany Kent

but I’m not going to worry about it.” — Eric Davis

2

Scan through the web article below and answer the questions. a Is this a formal or informal text? Which elements in the text make you say so? b Who usually reads this kind of text? c Does it belong to a series of articles? If so, which?

12:09 PM

urself-for-who-you-are-835f5ef4ec50

on-purpose/7-ways-to-accept-yo

https://medium.com/live-your-life-

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24 . SELF … LOVE. SELF … AWARENESS

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might as well enjoy the company.”

“You’re always with yourself, so you to greater — Diane Von Furstenberg on that you really are can lead you and loving yourself for the fine pers f rsel you of g ptin acce e mor g Becomin happiness and a more fulfilling life. lities 1. Focus on your positive qua , and opportunities to you.” you draw the best possible life, love be, can you on pers best the g “When you focus on bein qualities, — Germany Kent identify and focus on your positive a good thing, it’s important that you is t men rove imp selfgh thou n Eve qualities you feel negatively about. rather than concentrating on the 2. Accept your imperfections g unapologetic about them.” it’s about embracing them and bein t; shoo a on ns ctio erfe imp r you “It’s not about hiding — Erin O’Connor erfections.

Being human is having some imp what they are. you can’t change, accept them for Instead of dwelling on the things ns might think about your decisio me to 3. Disregard what other people e about me. People can compare writ me and I don’t read what they ut abo say ple peo t wha to n liste “I don’t is going to worry about it.” — Eric Dav anyone they want to, but I’m not only will other people still be try, you’ll soon discover that, not you If py. hap else e yon ever e You’ll never mak d and unhappy yourself. unhappy, but you’ll also be exhauste

D3_4066_ING_F2_LA_V3_022a031_U2.indd 24

Life On Purpose, January 7, 2019. lf For Who You Are.” Medium. Live Your Spring, Steve. “7 Ways To Accept Yourse elf-for-who-you-are-835f5ef4ec50. yours ccepts-to-a 7-way pose/ n-pur https://medium.com/live-your-life-o

1/21/20 3:55 PM

YOU

3

4

Work in pairs and discuss the questions about the web article. a Which of these topics is the most challenging for you? Why? b Which one is the easiest? Why?

ARE

Recipes

AT LE S

For Self

SON

1

Love

You are going to read two posts from an Instagram profile called “Recipes for Self Love.” Check all possible definitions for a recipe. a A medical prescription. b A method for achieving some desired objective. c A set of instructions for preparing a particular dish, including a list of the ingredients required.

d Ideas to implement after a meeting.

5 6

Read the posts. Do you agree with them?

Find words in the posts with the following meanings. a

: to tell someone that you are sorry for

having done something that has caused problems or unhappiness for them.

b

: to be responsible for doing something wrong.

c

: to form an opinion by guessing.

d

: a fault, mistake, or weakness.

THINK

Recipes For Self Love

TANK

ng or doi uilty f g l e e f r hy? ou eve do? W is • Do y ant to w rance u a o appe n what y o adopt d e o ple t g bas o n e i p y ll e r er • Bu inspi you ev ing to . Have le not go y t s e f is? hier li ugh th a healt o thro g e n o ny seen a

WORKBOOK: PAGE 130

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1/21/20 3:55 PM

1

Look at the pictures. Describe them.

What do they represent?

3

Work in pairs.

Answer the questions below. a Do you ever worry about your future self?

Why or why not?

2

b Are you curious about the future?

Read the letter below. What linguistic elements of a letter can you identify?

A LETTER TO MY FUTURE SELF Dear Future Self,

4

How has life turned out for you? Have you achieved all you wanted to or are you still working towards your goals? It seems I

Pass math.

already have a pretty good idea about where I

Be successful.

want to be in the next 4 to 8 years, but things

Become a better person.

can change and you are and have adjusted to

26 . SELF … LOVE. SELF … AWARENESS

Work in trios. What kind of questions would you like to ask about your future?

Look the examples below and make a list.

Share it with your group and discuss it.

those changes. Did you finally get that dog you wanted?

Where is your family? Did your brother reach his goals? Did your dad retire and move mom and him out to that dream house on the water like they had always hoped to do? I hope everything is how you dreamed it would be, and even if it isn't … I know you are making the most out of the situation.

Love, 18 year old you.

5

Listen to an audio letter to a future self.

Contrast and compare it to the letter you read in Activity 2.

9

Crenshaw, Kathryn. “A Letter To My Future Self From 18-Year-Old Me.” The Odyssey Online. The Odyssey Online, October 16, 2019. https://www. theodysseyonline.com/letter-to-future-self-from-18-year-old-me.

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1/21/20 3:55 PM

YOU

ARE

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SON

2

FUTURE (WILL) - REVIEW

6

Read the conversations about the future. Then complete the rule for will and won’t. . base form . future . predictions A: Will I pass math?

A: Will I become a better person?

B: Yes, you will.

B: No, you won’t.

Use will or won’t +

7

of the verb to make

8

Play the past/present/future game.

Work in trios. Give some information about your life (e.g. do voluntary work). Your partners have to guess if you’re talking about the past,

about the

What are you predicting? Choose something to make predictions about.

Don’t say what. Describe your prediction and let your partners discover what you are predicting. Follow the example.

A: They will become thinner, faster, and more technological.

B: I know! Televisions?

A: No, wrong answer.

C: Well, cell phones then.

A: Yes!

the present, or the future by saying:

• You did voluntary work last month. (for the past) • You do voluntary work every Sunday. (for the present) • You will do voluntary work. (for the future)

GRAMMAR: PAGE 117

TIPS •

STRESSED SYLLABLE

9

Rearrange the four syllables to write a word. Then listen and check our answer.

•

10

un | vol | ry | ta

.

d in a word can make the wor Stressing the wrong syllable ert/dessert des in and. See the difference difficult to hear and underst three features: A stressed syllable combines der, and more clearly than the it is pronounced longer, lou other syllables.

Listen to the audio again. What’s the strongest syllable in this word?

10 10

11 11

Choose the correct option that represents the stressed syllable in the words in bold. Then listen and check your answers. a What will you do to become a better individual? b He will never be a better person if he can’t • in-di-vid-u-al • in-di-vid-u-al • in-di-vid-u-al

understand the consequences of his actions.

• un-der-stand • un-der-stand • un-der-stand

Record a letter to your future self.

Use your cell phone to add images and text.

Use will to make predictions.

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PAGE 131

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WORKBOOK:

UNIT 2 .

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1

Read the comic strip on the right and match the words with their definitions. . failure . refuse . success a Indicate or show that one is not willing to do something.

b The accomplishment of an aim or purpose.

c Not being successful in doing or achieving something.

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Read the comic again. What linguistic elements do you recognize? Write T (true) or F (false).

Correct the false ones. a A comic strip is a sequence of drawings arranged in panels that display brief humor with text in balloons.

b Comic strips follow a logical sequence. c They are designed by architects.

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You are going to listen to a speech entitled The Best Advice You Will Hear by Will Smith. Work in pairs. Write a list of possible advice you think he’ll mention.

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28 . SELF … LOVE. SELF … AWARENESS

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Listen to the audio and check your predictions.

J.K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter books, gave a motivational speech for the graduation ceremony at Harvard University. This type of speech is called a commencement address. Listen to a part of it and mark T (true) or F (false).

Correct the false ones. a J.K. Rowling believes it’s fun

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to deliver a commencement address.

According to the audio you heard, are most people ready to do what it takes to make their dreams come true?

b She can’t remember a word of what the British philosopher Baroness Mary Warnick said at her commencement address.

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Will Smith makes an analogy to explain how important failure is.

What is it?

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c According to Rowling, setting yourself achievable goals is the first step to self-love.

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L PHRASES A I B R E V D A D N MODIFIERS A 8

Read the sentences from the audio. Then complete the rules with the words below. . adverbs . modify (2x) . phrase “Delivering a commencement address is a great responsibility or so I thought until I cast my mind back to my own graduation.

The commencement speaker that day was the distinguished British philosopher Baroness Mary Warnock.

Reflecting on her speech has helped me enormously in writing this one because it turns out that I can't remember a single word she said.

This liberating discovery enables me to proceed without any fear that I might inadvertently influence you to abandon promising careers in business, the law, or politics.” ”J.K. Rowling Speaks at Harvard Commencement.” YouTube. Video. Harvard Magazine. September 15, 2011. Accessed October 18, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=wHGqp8lz36c.

a The highlighted words and expressions work as b Adjectives c Adverbs

and adjectives.

nouns in sentences. verbs in sentences. They give us information about

the verb such as how, when, where, and how often something occurs.

d An adverbial

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is one or more words that modify the verb in a sentence.

The sentences below contain an adverbial phrase. Find it and underline it.

After that, write the question that it answers ((how, how much, when, etc). a We expect all students to write a letter to their future selves in about an hour.

When? b My friends try to be better people almost as much as I do.

c The coach motivated them to be their best every day.

d Facing your fears is more intimidating than hiding them.

e They get together to discuss the future of the planet on Mondays.

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I LUR A F H T G WI DE A L I N I VELY POS I T gh a

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o throu u er you g Whenev k how yo nt, chec e m o n m o ng ay. D ’t frustrati el that w fe u o y y wh ile. Allow feel and ith a sm w it r e v int o ay you try to pa est the w ig d to e tim yourself feel. m e proble uch of th m w h o it h w e z e uctiv Analy Be constr . lt on. u ti a fa u r is you the sit arn from le d n a yourself

Write motivational sentences to help people deal with failure.

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109 WORD BANK: PAGE

UNIT 2 .

2 K: PAGE 13

WORKBOO

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HOW TO BE THE BE VERSION OF YOURSST ELF

Ken Mazaika, CTO an of thefirehoseproject d co-founder “What can I do to m .org, answered the question, ak the best version of m e sure I am becoming yself?” on Quora.

1. Just show up. Say you want to run a ma rathon, but have no up you shoes and hit prior experience. Th ting the pavement. Ev e first step is lacing en if you only make you’ll be about 2% clo it half a mile on your ser to your ultimate first training run, goal than if you didn’t put in any work at all 2. Start from the begin . ning. You don’t just happen to stumble up need to start from the on the best version beginning and take of yourself. You a high number of sm envision. all steps in order to become what you 3. Recognize that the best version of your self should be your energy trying to live vision, not anybody up to what somebody else’s. Don’t waste else wants you to be .

4. Stop looking for a secret trick. There is no miraculous short cut to the better versi [...] on of yourself.

10. Accept help from other people. Don’t let your pride get in help along the way, the way. Most success too. ful people ne

eded

[...]

13. Ignore the socia l media scoreboard.

People depict an extre Facebook, Instagram, mely exaggerated ve Snapchat, and other rsion of life on social platforms. We So when you compare only share the good yourself to what you things, not the bad. see on social media , you’re just hurting [...] yourself.

30 . SELF … LOVE. SELF … AWARENESS

15. Stop pretending to know things you don’t know. You’ll ne already know everythi ver learn anything if ng. you pretend to

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Look at the text.

How is it divided?

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What kind of text is it?

ticle an ar y l l . a sic a list is ba n as e l e t c t i i t r A lis and w e ways to n tured e: Ni struc ive. ampl x e creat r e r Fo o me m beco

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Maz aika , Ken . “21 Tips To Be the Bes t Vers ion of You rsel f.” Tim e. Tim e, Sep tem ber 6, 201 6. http s://t ime . com /447 989 0/be st-v ersi on-o f-yo urse lf/.

Work in pairs. Answer these questions.

a a listicle

a Have you read a listicle before?

b a list essay

b Can you name other listicles?

c a recipe

c In your opinion is a listicle easy to write and

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to read? Why?

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INFINITIVE VS. GERUND

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Read the sentences. Then complete the rule with these words. . gerund . infinitive . verb (2x) a In these sentences, the first word in bold is a

You need to start. start Stop looking for a secret trick.

and it is followed by another

.

b In the first and third sentences the first verb is followed by

Don’t pretend to know everything.

form (to + base form).

a verb in the

c In the second sentence, the verb is followed by a verb in the form (base form + -ing)

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Read the sentences and choose the correct option.

Stop looking for a secret trick.

Stop to look at the beauty of this city. a The verb stop takes on the gerund / infinitive form. Both have the same / different meanings.

TIPS

verbs that can only • There are certain s in the infinitive be followed by verb or in the gerund. be followed by both • Some verbs can ent meanings. with slightly differ

b Stop + verb-ing means to stop a habit / the action of stopping. stopping c Stop + infinitive means to stop a habit / the action of stopping. stopping GE 117 GRAMMAR: PA

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Now you are going to write a listicle. You can choose your topic but the theme must be “How to become a better person.” Write up some ideas for topic that come to your mind.

Analyze the structure of one paragraph. Match the parts with the intentions. a Explain your point of view, give examples. b Number and topic sentence. c Tell your reader a suggestion on how to deal with the problem you mentioned previously.

13. Ignore the social media scoreboard . People depict an extremely exaggerated version of life on Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and other social platforms. We only share the good things, not the bad. So when you compare yourself to what you see on social media, you’re just hurting yourself.

Think of the number of points you will include in your listicle.

Do you have enough information about them?

Write your listicle and post it on your classroom blog.

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REVIEW: PAGE 93

3 K: PAGE 13

WORKBOO

UNIT 2 .

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exa the same thi an you think of any te lite way. Do you do ernatives to anticipa e something in a po lik n’t do u yo t ing task, read the alt tha ten lis a e for ant to say Be ? on o and opini nciation in tw other people’s taste spelling, and pronu to mportant to respect a similar meaning, ve ha t tha end, it is important rds wo the Cognates are rds have a -y at wo en Wh t. tex l he ideas in the text. in ora as d a written or ipate the ide help you understan alternatives to antic anguages. They can tening task, read the lis a e for Be guages. They can ry. lan ng y. Example: hu nciation in two arl nu cle pro m d an the , e ing nc ell ou sp , ron ilar meaning words that have a sim he text. Cognates are t. d a written or oral tex help you understan

? f l e s y M w o Do I Kn

seem enager, doesn’t te d n lo b is th , n unca cceptance. Most below, Jeremy D -a p lf ri st se r ic o m , e co v o e -l th lf In ss, se e same way. em, self-awarene e th l st e -e fe lf se rs e ch ag u n m e te to have

ese qualities? th p lo e v e d to rs rage teenage u o c n e e w n a c w Ho

Y STEP B P E T S AIM In this project, you are going to create a comic strip that expresses a message of encouragement.

1 0 0 . C L IL

MATERIALS and pencil • Paper ternet uter and in • Comp

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een the blish betw ta s e u o y strip? ection can d the comic n a e tl What conn ti e estion in th guiding qu

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ness, : self-aware s rd o w e s nce? ow the self-accepta d Do you kn n a , e v o , self-l self-esteem tionary. up in a dic m e th k o Lo

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on le of a pers p m a x e n a ties. strip gives these quali The comic d e p lo e v e td ples? who has no other exam f o k in th u Can yo people to encourage to o d e w teem, What can ess, self-es n re a w -a lf nce? develop se self-accepta d n a , e v o -l self

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CLIL

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What are the

basic features

Create your o

wn comic stri

of the comic

strip genre?

What changes would you m ake to improve it ?

Does it comm unicate your ideas?

What did you learn from your classmat es by workin g together?

Did you work collaborative ly?

Did you share the responsib ilities equally or did you do everyt hing together?

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Were you sati sfied with yo ur final comic st rip?

C LI L .

p. a Decide on the message you plan to co Focus on the mmunicate. concepts we discussed: se self-esteem, se lf-awareness, lf-love, and se lf-acceptance. b Choose th e characters.

Be creative. c Choose a se tting. d Write a firs t draft of the conversation. e Get feedb ack from your teacher and cl f Sketch the assmates. illustrations an d p an el s. g Use an app to create your co m ic strips. h Exhibit yo ur work.

EVALUATION

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STEAM

Before a listening tas k, read the alternati ves to anticipate the ideas in the text.

Cognates are words that have a similar meaning, spelling, an d pronunciation in two languages.

They can help you un derstand a written or oral text. When words have a -y at the end, it is important to pronounce them clearly. Example : hungry /ˈh /ˈhʌʌŋɡ ŋɡrrii / Before a listen ing task, read the altern atives to anticipate the ideas in the text.

Cognates are words that have a similar me aning, spelling, and pronunciation in two languages. Th ey can help you understand a written or oral text.

Y R O M E M Y T I L A N

E G N E L L A CH

PERSO

lity?

a r person u o t u o l ab ry revea o m e m es our What do

MATERIALS •

Computer and internet

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At least twenty-five research subjects

N HYPOTHESIS AND PLA • •

•

the tests at this point and update the spreadsheet with the correct data.

FINAL EVALUATION

memory and being extroverted or introverted?

•

Select a group of at least twenty-five people

•

•

Ask each of your research subjects to complete

Organize your conclusion and the data to support it.

•

Discuss with your group the best way to present your findings.

an online Myers-Briggs personality test.

•

Do you think this is a reliable test? Why?

N PRESENTATIO

around the same age.

Ask each of your research subjects to complete

Did you all come to the same conclusions?

Compare your methods and findings.

Can short-term memory be associated with

TEST •

Did anything go wrong? If so, redo

Is there any correlation between short-term

any personality traits?

•

RE-TEST

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Share your findings with your classmates.

an online short-term memory test.

•

Collect all the results and organize them in a spreadsheet document.

EVALUATION •

Look at the results for the short-term memory test first. Organize the results according to the top 20%, the middle 60%, and the bottom 20%.

•

Analyze the personality traits associated

102 . STEAM 1

with each of the three categories of the memory test. Try to find any pattern.

Are there any distinct statistical differences?

•

Can you draw any conclusions based on the patterns found?

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Can you think of an y examples of thing s that you disagree about? In En glish, there are expre ssions when you want to say that you don’t like so mething in a polite way. Do yo u do the same thing in your language? Why is it important to respect other people’s taste and op inion?

STEAM STEAM 1.

103

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