Our Languages - 4

788596 026611 9

ISBN 978-85-96-02661-1

9110103000017

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CONTENTS WELCOME

page

ers . . giving advice . determiners & quantifi ives ect . adj er lead l ona . personality adjectives . zero conditi

6

LISTENING

READING UNIT 1 ing Questioning Everyth page

. fable . quotes . article / online debate

. dialogs

N COMMUNICATIO . have a Socratic discussion

12

UNIT 2 Digital Citizenship

. manifesto . opinion piece . book citation . petition

. hold an assembly

. talk

22

page

UNIT 3 Always a Learner

. class questions . academic presentation

. academic essay . cartoons

page

. create a survey . create and deliver a presentation

32

UNIT 4 Ethical Clothing

. informative . podcasts interviews

. ads page

42

UNIT 5 In the News page

52

UNIT 6 Is it Real or Fake? page

UNIT 7 How do You Get Your News?

. create a PSA video

62

. news story . newspaper headlines

. news report

. quotes . online news article . infographic

. news story . interview

. podcast news . TV news

. opinion article

page

. debate . decide the topic story for a citizen journalism

. making up odd news

. recording a news podcast

72

UNIT 8 The Future of Media page

. debate . radio interview

. news article

. debating the decline of newspapers

82 CLIL and STEAM

100

REVIEW

92

page

page

VERB LIST

158

WORKBOOK

126

page

page

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ns . first conditional ns . food . indefinite pronou isio dec and rs, offe es, mis . . have vs. must will: pro

WRITING . opinion paragraph

. petition

. essay

. ad campaign

. headline

VOCABULARY

GRAMMAR . gerunds might . modals – may, must, and

. the genitive case (‘s) infinitive . verb + -ing or verb + to + . want X would like

. countable and uncountable

. agreeing and disagreeing . linking words

. headline and lead

. newspaper article

WORD BANK STUDENT A and B

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expressions

. feelings adjectives . presentation phrases

. present perfect 1 . have you ever ... . how long vs. how far

. present perfect 2 (yet) tive) . present perfect 3 (superla

. so / such non-defining . defining relative clause vs. relative clause

rfect

. infographic

nouns

. simple past vs. present pe

. persuasive techniques

rsation

. phrases to manage a conve

. fake news words

. describing photos

. second conditional . passive voice

. phrasal verbs

. verb tenses reviews

page 108

GRAMMAR

page

116

page 159

S STICKERS and CUTOUT

page

162

29/01/20 10:08

12 . QUESTIONING EVERYTHING

16 2

unit 1

1

Read and understand a fable.

3

Learn about the Socratic method.

2

Use countable and uncountable nouns.

4

Practice gerunds.

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8

Practice how to argue.

6

Learn about logical fallacies.

9

Read about conspiracy theories.

7

Use may, must, and might.

10

Write an opinion about conspiracy theories.

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13

Pronounce -ing words.

UNIT 1 .

5

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1

Read these famous facts. Write C if you think they are correct or I if you think they are incorrect.

3

Many of the things we think are true actually are not. Why do we believe them when we have evidence that they are wrong?

4

You are going to read the fable of The Fox and the Grapes. Look at the pictures from the fable on the Cutout section and put them in the best order.

a The Great Wall of China is visible from space. b We only use 10% of our brains. c Humans have five senses. d Waking up someone who is sleepwalking is dangerous.

2

Compare your answers with your partner.

Do you agree or disagree?

6

Read the fable and see if your prediction was correct.

169

5

Tell your partner what you think will happen in the fable.

THE FOX & THE GRAPES

from a vine trained along the bunch of ripe grapes hanging A Fox one day spied a beautiful ’s mouth watered as he y to burst with juice, and the Fox read ed seem pes gra The . tree a branches of gazed longingly at them. he p for it. The first time he jumped branch, and the Fox had to jum The bunch hung from a high to fall took a running leap at it, only walked off a short distance and missed it by a long way. So he in he tried, but in vain. short once more. Again and aga at the grapes in disgust.

Now he sat down and looked ring myself out to get a bunch

re I am wea “What a fool I am,” he said. “He

of sour grapes that are not

worth gaping for.” rnfully.

And off he walked very, very sco

t which is beyond their reach. to despise and belittle tha d ten pre who y man /read.gov/aesop/005.html. are re http:/ The mber 30, 2019.

Congress Aesop Fables. Accessed Septe

14 . QUESTIONING EVERYTHING

“The Fox & the Grapes.” Library of

7

Read the fable again and answer the questions. a What did the fox want?

d How did he react?

b What did he do?

e Did the grapes actually change?

This fable is pa rt of the Aeso p’s Fables. Becaus e of this story, we have the ex pression sour grapes in Engl ish. It means that someone is upset becaus e they didn’t ge t something th ey wanted, e.g. H e’s angry beca use he didn’t get th e job he wante d.

Sounds like so ur grapes to m e.

c What was the problem?

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05/03/20 10:56

YOU

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1

What happened to the fox is called cognitive dissonance.

Read the definition and discuss in pairs: Can you think of any time you have done this?

For example, the fox decided that the grapes were bad when he realised he couldn’t get them. The grapes didn’t change, but he decided they did because it was easier than admitting that he had failed.

The term cognitive dissonance is used to describe the feelings of discomfort that result when your beliefs run counter to your behaviors and/or new information that is presented to you.

Cherry, Kendra. “What Is Cognitive Dissonance?” Very Well Mind. July 18, 2019. Accessed November 05, 2019. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-cognitive-dissonance-2795012.

THINK TANK Discuss the ques •

•

tions with your partner.

Why did the fox not want to adm it that it was too di fficult for him?

Why do you thin k people do the same thing in lif e?

COUNTABLE AND UNCO UNTABLE NOUNS

9

Read the sentences about cognitive dissonance and underline the mistakes. a Psychologist Leon Festinger proposed his theory of cognitive dissonance in his researches in 1957. b His data were collected at a university. c People often experience cognitive dissonance when watching the newses. d Nowadays, there is a lot of informations on the subject.

TIP

10

What do these mistakes have in common?

11

Decide if these words are C (countable), U (uncountable), or B (both). a Book b Freedom c Time d Picture

f

Music

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ed g cognitiv . for avoidin s p ti e ho you are th w Read tity and n e id r u o about y admit it. ?

• Think g wrong, in ant to you rt th o e p m im so or get What is a mistake you make n e h W • r. r help. r behavio • Ask fo ange you h c d n a situation. n e ctio des of th si th • Take a o b d n ence d understa ative influ • Try an ave a neg h o h w le peop • Avoid ehavior. u o on y r b

WORKBOOK: PAGE 126

15

WORD BANK: PAGE 108

NANCE O S S I D E V I T I AVOID COGN . issonance

UNIT 1 .

e Television

If you need to count an uncountable noun, you can often use a piece of: For example: piece of advice, pieces of paper, three pieces of wood.

Some uncountable nouns have a special way of counting them.

For example: a slice of bread, two kilos of sugar, some piles of trash.

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1

The people in the pictures are asking questions. In the speech bubbles, write the questions you think they are asking.

2

Read the quotes by Socrates and discuss them with your partner. What did he mean?

How are they connected to the previous lesson?

“It is better to change an opinion than to persist in a wrong one.”

“To know, is to know that you know nothing.

16 . QUESTIONING EVERYTHING

That is the meaning of true knowledge.”

“I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing.”

“Wisdom begins in wonder.”

Socrates

3

Socrates w

as a Greek philosoph who was b er orn in 470 BCE. He was on e of the cre ators of Western philosoph y.

He didn’t write any thing and everythin g we know about his thoughts come from his admir ers, including Plato.

You will listen to Maggie and Connor, two students that will go to Black Pine Circle School, a school that is inspired by Socrates. How do you think their school is different?

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29/01/20 10:30

YOU

4

5

Listen to how Maggie and Connor describe their lessons and check your predictions.

ARE

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SON

2

Discuss the questions in small groups. a Does this type of lesson sound interesting to you?

3

b Have you ever had a lesson like this? c Would you like to try the Socratic method?

6

Have a Socratic lesson! Choose one of the subjects to discuss in your class. . exercising . studying . traveling . writing

10

GERUNDS

7

What do all the subjects in Activity 6 have in common?

THE -ING SOUND

Listen to the words and match them correctly. exercise

swim

4

writing travel

watch singing

8

Complete the rule.

A gerund is a noun that ends in

9

traveling, study

Practice saying the words with your partner.

12

Do you remember the stages of the Socratic method that Connor mentioned?

Put them in the appropriate order.

. form of a verb,

It is made by using the e.g., travel

11 studying.

Write ((G) if these sentences contain a gerund or (PP) if they contain a present progressive verb. a Studying history is easy for me. b I’m studying history at school.

a You start with a topic.

c She’s traveling around Italy.

b The group has to keep asking questions.

d Traveling is expensive

c You get to relate with other people and what they think about it.

but worth the money.

e Exercising is so boring.

d You get in a big group of people.

f

e The teacher asks a question.

Her favorite activity is exercising.

h I like writing in English.

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You are going to have a discussion using the Socratic method. Listen to your teacher’s instructions.

WORKBOOK: PAGE 127

17

GRAMMAR: PAGE 116

13

UNIT 1 .

g I’m writing a message.

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1

An argument from popularity is an example of a logical fallacy.

Look at the picture of Jan and Robin standing outside a cinema. What is happening in the picture? What are they talking about?

4 2

Listen to their conversation and check your predictions.

What Jan was doing is called an argument from popularity.

Which of these definitions is the best one? a Lots of people believe this, so it

5

3

must be false.

Who has the best argument, Jan or Robin? Why? Discuss in class.

b Lots of people believe this, so it must be true.

c Nobody believes this, so it must be true.

5

Now listen to Seven Minute Scholar talk about discussions and answer the questions. a Does she feel positively or negatively

6

6

Listen again and underline the correct answer to the questions. a To her, arguing means ...

18 . QUESTIONING EVERYTHING

6

b How does she win arguments?

about discussions?

c She ...

yelling.

hates talking about controversial topics.

fighting.

loves talking about controversial topics.

debating.

doesn’t care about talking about controversial topics.

b She thinks people ... dislike having discussions with people who have different opinions. are all thinking the same thing. like having discussions with people who have different opinions.

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d When you speak to someone who has a different opinion than you, she thinks you can ... learn something new. teach something new. do both.

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3

Discuss the questions with your partner. a Do you enjoy having discussions with people?

d Can you remember teaching someone something they didn’t know in a discussion?

b Do you like speaking to people who have

e Have you ever learned anything new

different opinions from you?

c Do you enjoy talking about controversial topics?

in a discussion?

D MIGHT N A , T S U M MAY, MODALS –

TIP 8

If you are 100% sure, you use the present simple: I am sick.

To say that something is impossible, you use can’t: I can’t be sick.

Here are some examples of logical fallacies.

Listen to the arguments and match them to the fallacy. a Anecdotal: using a personal story, not real evidence.

7

b Appeal to nature: the assumption that if something is natural, it must be good. c Special pleading: arguing that this is an exception to the rule. d Strawman: misrepresenting the other person’s opinion. e Appeal to authority: saying that just because someone is knowledgeable means they must be right. f

Genetic: saying that because someone or something comes from a certain place, it must be correct.

g False cause: assuming that, because one thing is true, another thing must also be true. h Ad hominem: attacking the person, not their arguments.

9

We use may, must, and might when we are talking about certainty. The modal verb we choose depends on how confident we are about what we are saying. Complete the rule. . must . might . may a I

be sick — > high confidence (about 95%).

b I

/ (about 50%).

10

be sick. — > medium confidence

Complete the sentences with may, must, or might. a It

be right. Jessica said so

and she knows everything.

b It

be good for you. It is natural.

d Oh come on! He His mom is a lawyer!

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know.

WORKBOOK: PAGE 128

19

GRAMMAR: PAGE 116

be true.

if grou ree or D in small if you ag pinions o r u Write A o y uss es nts. Disc cuss issu stateme le to dis b a e b . to portant with you a It’s im ple who disagree with peo ll. rgue we how to a w o n k ’t on people d b Most g discussin y when il s a e d e nnoy c I get a rsial subjects. e o tr con v the past llacies in fa l a ic g used lo eople. d I have g with p in u rg a when s will al fallacie ic g lo t u ture. ing abo in the fu e Learn e better u rg a e help m

UNIT 1 .

c I’m not sure, it

E ARGU O T h these HOW gree wit you disa ps.

05/03/20 10:58

1 2

at ow th to kn t n a based t t por e no m r i a s i s t e I bout eori cy th deas a i a r e i r p a y d cons e. The gaine idenc have h t c i b on ev h ps, u orld w e grou be m the w o o s t oven ity in r r a p l r u e v . pop ost ne ciples re alm c prin i a f i y t e n h t ie ith sc true w

Do you know what conspiracy theories are and why people believe in them? Discuss with your partner.

Read the article below and check your answer to Activity 1.

12:09 PM

CONTACT US

FAQ

FEED

Search

HERE'S WHY PEOPLE BELIEVE IN UFO sightings. Hoaxed moon landings.

What, in the name of our alleged lizard

CONSPIRACY THEORIES

Reptiles who rule the world.

ve in conspiracy theories?

overlords, convinces a person to belie

Psychology, conspiracy ished in the journal Applied Cognitive According to a pair of new studies publ lives. mon: they feel a lack of control over their theorists tend to have one thing in com hology at VU University ssor in social and organizational psyc Jan-Willem van Prooijen, associate profe for six years. y theories and those who believe them Amsterdam, has been studying conspirac g was how many people the things that I really found astonishin “When I started this research, one of he says. believe in certain conspiracy theories,” terrorist strikes, financial g times of uncertainty and fear: after Conspiracy theories often crop up durin if people feel they disasters. Past research suggests that crisis, high-profile deaths and natural what happened. out nd fi ’ll try to make sense of it and don’t have control over a situation, they OAKLA NDER, Mandy. “ Here's Why People com/3 99703 3/cons piracy -theor ies/.

Believ e In Consp iracy Theori es.” Time. Augus

t 14, 2015. Access ed 05, 2019. https:/ /time.

THINK TA NK 3

Read the article again and choose if these statements are T (true) or F (false). a Jan-Willem van Prooijen has been researching

20 . QUESTIONING EVERYTHING

conspiracy theories for ten years.

Do you kn ow any conspiracy theory? Tel l it to a partner an d discuss w ith them why you think so m e people bel ieve this th eory.

b He wasn’t surprised by how many people believed in conspiracy theories. c Conspiracy theories are often found at times when people feel scared. d Research says that conspiracy theories are a way for people to try and understand what is happening.

4

Research tells us that it is difficult to have a discussion with a conspiracy theorist.

What do you think about this statement?

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29/01/20 10:31

YOU 5

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Luna decided to ask the internet “How do you deal with conspiracy theorists?”

Read the opinions below. Do they have the same opinion?

4

quora.com

Home

Answer

Jamesinbrasil Answered July 25, 2019 · Author

Notifications

Add Question

Search Quora

has 1k answers and 4m answer views

y do they r position and ask the question “wh to be treated. Put yourself in thei t, make Nex Treat them the way you would like es. contradicting themselv stions and wait for them to begin que them ing feed start n The ” believe this? ble sources, not just some them for reliable evidence from relia ask so s, stion que t righ the ng ing, you have sure that you are aski ge their mind, and if they say noth them what evidence would chan ask , nally fi And r. ube YouT om rand learning anything new.

TEXT 1 proved that they are not open to t. men argu the This is the best way to win Riobruno Answered July 26, 2019 · Author

has 2k answers and 1m answer views

they will never listen to reason. to debate conspiracy theorists, as Firstly, I think it’s a waste of time a lot of time an argument because they spend ating and they know how to win They are often very good at deb solution ect that they have the perf Secondly, they also love to think ect. corr are they that rs othe g convincin ossible to change their mind. to the situation, so it’s basically imp you say personally. r identity so they will take anything TEXT 2 Finally, it has become part of thei Don’t waste your energy!

6

Put the points in Text 1 in the correct order.

7

a Make sure you ask the right question. b Feed them questions and they will contradict

Link the stages together

themselves.

c Put yourself in their position.

Look at the topic below and write three or four points to justify your opinion. Search data, evidences, or examples to your argument. Choose either a sequential or argumentative structure. Write notes only, not full sentences.

• What is the best way to win an argument with someone who disagrees with you?

9

Compare your notes in small groups.

Add any interesting ideas to your notes.

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TIP These are tw o different ways of pre • In descr senting you ibing a seq r opinion: uence of st eps, you ar about what e giving ad someone sh vice ould or sho • In prese uldn’t do. nting a set of argumen the reasons ts, you are giving why you bel ieve somet hing.

10

Now write your paragraph explaining your opinion.

9 K: PAGE 12

WORKBOO

21

REVIEW: PA GE 92

Introduce the different arguments

UNIT 1 .

8

Put the words in the correct column. . and finally . finally . firstly . next . secondly . then . thirdly

05/03/20 11:00

22 . DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP

16 2

unit 2

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1

Identify and understand a manifesto.

3

Differentiate facts from opinions.

2

Use the genitive case ‘s.

4

Talk about social media exposure.

29/01/20 10:41

8

Use expressions for agreeing and disagreeing.

6

Organize an assembly and participate in it.

9

Identify verbs followed by -ing, to + infinitive.

7

Listen to and identify a talk.

10

Write a petition.

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23

Understand and talk about FOMO.

UNIT 2 .

5

29/01/20 10:41

1

2

Describe what you see in the picture on the right.

In pairs, list all the things we can do with the internet.

Work in pairs. Answer the questions below. a Are there any rules for the use of the internet

b In your opinion, what’s the main purpose

in your home?

3

of the internet?

Scan the text below. What kind of text is this? a A poem.

b A manifesto.

c A letter.

12:09 PM

FAQ

Search

FEED

CONTACT US

HEAR, O INTERNET. great these days.

We all like mass entertainment. Heck, TV’s gotten pretty is the least of the Net’s powers.

But we need to remember that delivering mass media sion. Its almighty power is that we The Net’s super-power is connection without permis can make of it whatever we want.

The Internet is us, connected.

radio waves, or even tubes.

The Internet is not made of copper wire, glass fiber, not the Internet.

II. The devices we use to connect to the Internet are The Internet is nothing and has no purpose. is a thing. Both pull us together.

III. The Internet is not a thing anymore than gravity lar. Not for social networking, IV. This means the Internet is not for anything in particu ss, not for education, [...] not for anything. not for documents, not for advertising, not for busine

I.

24 . DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP

It is specifically designed for everything.

4

Weinber ger, David; Searls, Doc. “Dear, O Internet.” New Clues.

January 08, 2015. Accessed Novemb er 06, 2019. http://ne

wclues.c luetrain. com/.

Read the text in detail and check the best definition for this kind of text. a An agreement between two or more parties for the doing or not doing of something specified. b A public declaration of motives and intentions by a government or by a person or group regarded as having some public importance.

“Contract” | Meaning in the Dictionary.com. Accessed August 20, 2019. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/contract.; "Manifesto“ | Meaning in the Collins English Dictionary.

Accessed August 20, 2019, https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/manifesto.

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29/01/20 10:42

YOU

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1

THE GENITIVE CASE (‘S)

5

Read the sentences below again and find examples of the genitive case (‘s).

Then underline the best alternatives and complete the rule. […] delivering mass media is the least of the Net’s powers.

The Net’s super-power is connection without permission.

a The genitive case (‘s) expresses relationships of possession / circumstance. b It marks a noun that modifies / intensifies another noun. (e.g. Sheila’s truck) c It marks a noun as being the modifier / possessor of another noun. (e.g. Carlo’s family)

6

Write the correct form of the possessive case into the gaps.

TIP

a Where is the manifesto? (teachers)

b The internet is one of most innovative invention. (people)

7

8

Facebook’s CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, wrote an opinion piece for a newspaper about the internet and the social media regulation. What are the main characteristics of a text like this?

imals, but it can ’s with people and an We normally use the d companies. ces, organizations, an also be used with pla d 's s not ending in -s: ad • Singular and noun internet ligation is to follow the E.g. The children’s ob on of the children) policies. (= the obligati apostrophe (‘) g in -s: only add the • Plural nouns endin . house is next to mine E.g. The two sisters’ o sisters) (= the house of the tw d in -s: add 's en t • Singular nouns tha le. line was unacceptab on r E.g. James’s behavio

Read the text and analyze which of the highlighted parts are facts and which are opinions. www.washingtonpost.com

Sections

MARK ZUCKERBERG: THE INTERNET NEE DS NEW RULES. LET’S START IN THESE FOUR AREAS.

Technology is a major part of our lives, and companies such as Facebook have immense responsibilities. Every day, we make decisions about what speech is harmful, what constitutes political advertising , and how to prevent sophisticated cyberattacks. These are impo rtant for keeping our community safe.

I believe we need a more active role for gove rnments and regulators.

By updating the rules for the Internet, we can preserve what’s best about it — the freedom for people to express themselve s and for entrepreneurs to build new things — while also protecting society from broader harms.

9

Zuckerberg, Mark. Mark Zuckerberg: The Internet Needs New Rules. Let's Start in These Four Areas. The Washing ton Post, Post, November 06, 2019. Accessed December 05, 2019. https://w ww.washingtonpost.com/opinions/mark-zuckerberg-theinternetneeds-new-rules-lets-start-in-these-four-areas/2019/03/ 29/9e6f0504-521a-11e9-a3f7-78b7525a8d5f_story.htm l?noredirect=on.

THINK T ANK

The cho ice of lan guage can help you to an alyze an identify d facts or o pinions.

A statem ent of fa ct can be proven e ither tru e or false.

A statem ent of op inion expresse s what so meone believes or thinks .

Read the sentences below and indicate F (fact) or O (opinion). confirms that the internet helps build citizenship.

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his team behaved badly online.

c The report argues that some people face problems when dealing with technology.

130 WORKBOOK: PAGE

25

GRAMMAR: PAGE 117

b He claimed that

UNIT 2 .

a The annual report

05/03/20 11:17

1

Work in pairs. Go to Stickers on page 166 and rank the concepts in order of importance for you and for your partner. Justify and compare your answers.

1. Extremely important. — 5. Not so important.

16 6

You

Your partner

1.

1.

2.

2.

3.

3.

4.

4.

5.

5.

2

How are the internet and social media related to the ranking above?

3

Read a citation taken from Guy Debord’s book, Society of the Spectacle, and answer the questions.

Guy Debord’s (1931–1994) du spectacle best-known work, La société (1967), cle) cta Spe the of (The Society indictment is a polemical and prescient sumer culture. of our image-saturated con ectacle,” The book examines the “Sp ryday eve Debord’s term for the driven istital cap manifestation of on, film, visi tele g, sin phenomena; adverti y. brit cele and

is topsy-turvy, the true is “In a world which really a moment of the false.” ously itself as something enorm “The spectacle presents inaccessible. positive, indisputable and good, n ‘that which appears is It says nothing more tha s.’ “ that which is good appear

Illustrated Guide to Guy Morgan, Tiernan and Purje, Lauren. “An Hyperallergic. August 10, 2016. able’.”

Spect the of ty Socie ‘The rd’s Debo rgic.com/313435/an-illustratederalle //hyp https: .

2019 06, mber Nove -spectacle/. guide-to-guy-debords-the-society-of-the

Debord, Guy. Society of the Spectacle.. Marxists Internet Archive. Accessed September 26, 2019. https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/debord/society.htm.

a What does Guy mean when he wrote that "that which appears is good, that which is good appears.”

26 . DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP

b How can it be related to social media?

4

Do you know what FOMO is?

Discuss in pairs and write a definition.

5

Now listen to Anna talking about FOMO and social media. Then check your prediction from Activity 4.

THINK TANK

citation from the book How are FOMO and the acle related?

The Society of the Spect

6 9

Listen to the second part of the audio. What tips does Anna give to help people with FOMO?

8

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YOU

7

ARE

8

Work in pairs. Discuss the questions below. a Do you agree that students must have control over their usage of social media at school? Why (not)?

AT LE S

SON

2

List possible impacts excessive social media exposure can have on students at school.

b Do you think one of the reasons people overuse social media is because of FOMO? Have you ever felt it? What can be done to prevent it?

9

You are going to hold an assembly. Read the definition and underline the correct options.

A group of persons gathered together, usually for a particular purpose, whether religious, political, educational, or social.

“Assembly” | Meaning in the Dictionary.com. Accessed September 26, 2019. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/assembly.

a Language used in an assembly is more formal / informal. b During an assembly, students practice the skill of arguing / convincing.

d Resolving conflicts through debates can help students develop a sense of democracy / authoritarianism and respect / criticism.

c Participants have to support their views with suppositions / evidence.

10

Work in groups. Organize an assembly about the responsible use of social media.

Follow the steps below.

Step 1: Preparation Get together in groups of three.

Some groups will be A´s and some groups will be B´s. Groups A, go to page 159. Groups B,

Step 2: The Assembly Sitting in a circle, the spokespeople from groups As and Bs will share the ideas raised in Step 1. Participants from others groups are invited to politely comment.

go to page 160.

I agree

I don’t agree

I suggest

Studen ts need to balan ce real x virtual lives.

Social media shoul d be banished from schools.

+ Inviting a specialist on the use of social media to talk to studen ts. + Design ing a schedule for conscious use of social media at schools.

Step 3: Deliberation assign Choose the three most important suggestions to the problems and ions suggest the for es deadlin with e schedul a Create . roles for each student to be carried out. students.

Example: Inviting a specialist on the use of social media to talk to

Secre taries and spokespeople are responsibl e for findi n g specia lists in the field of socia l medi a and education .

Deadl in e: Three days.

Coach es and medi ators are responsibl e for organ izin g a place and date for the invite e to go to your school .

Deadl in e: Four days.

WORKBOOK: PAGE 131

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1

Check all the reasons why you use social media. a To connect with friends and possible friends.

d To be exposed to interesting ideas.

b To find out what’s going on in the world.

e To find entertainment options.

c To collaborate with people that are far away.

2

You are going to listen to a talk about the need of being in social media.

A talk is a presentation at a conference. What do you know about this kind of genre?

Write T (true) or F (false). a A talk is an improvised moment where people share their ideas. b At a talk presenters sound natural but in fact a script has been memorized. c A talk can be considered effective when it communicates a message clearly, usually using storytelling and evoking emotions.

d Talks also use visually rich images to engage the audience.

3

Listen to the talk and check if the characteristics marked as T in Activity 2 are present in the audio.

10

4

Listen again and answer to the following questions. a What are the personal benefits the presenter finds in not using social media?

10

b What’s the objective of this talk?

28 . DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP

5

Work in pairs. Check all the arguments you hear in the audio. Compare your answers. a Social media is addictive. b Social media is not a fundamental technology. c Social media makes us less social. d Social media is a source of income.

f

Social media offers you shiny treats in exchange for minutes of your attention and bytes of your personal data.

g In social media your personal data is packaged up and sold.

e Social media is a source of entertainment.

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YOU

ARE

AT LE S

SON

AGREEING AND DISAGREEING EXPRESSIONS

6 171

Look at the expressions below. Classify them into expressions for agreeing and expressions for disagreeing with someone. . Although you might be right about that, I don’t believe … . I’m afraid I have to disagree with you. . I beg to differ. . I couldn’t agree more with you. . I hold the same opinion. . I see what you mean, however … . Not at all. . No doubt about it. . You’re absolutely right. . You may have a point there.

Agreeing

7

3

Disagreeing

Work in two big groups. Do you agree with the arguments in Activity 5?

Why (not)? Use the statements for agreeing and disagreeing from Activity 6.

WORK BANK: PAGE 109

VERB + -ING OR VERB + TO + INFINITIVE

8

Look at this sentence from the audio. Choose the correct option to complete it according to what you hear and answer the question.

“That should be no more controversial than

a saying

9

I don’t like newspapers.”

b to say

Is there any difference in using prefer to watch and prefer watching?

STRESS PATTERNS

10

Some verbs can be followed either by -ing or to + infinitive (or both). Choose the best option to complete the sentences. a Karina gave up to use / using social media.

11 11

Look at the words from the audio.

Listen and classify them according to their stress pattern. . accidental . entertainment . fundamental . technology . political

b My friends reminded me to unplug / unplugging from social media during the trip.

c The girls hope to be / being allowed to use their mobile phones in school.

d Many teenagers love to spend / spending time on social media.

GE 117 GRAMMAR: PA

D3_4066_ING_F2_LA_V4_022a031_U2.indd 29

WORKBOOK: PAGE 132

05/03/20 11:29

a A manifesto

1

Read the following titles. What kind of text do think they belong to?

b A petition c A contract

1. STOP HATE SPEECH ON SOCIAL MEDIA 2. TO REMOVE PERMANENTLY FAKE PROFILES 3. ENCOURAGING THE SOCIAL MEDIA GENERATION TO BEHAVE MORE RESPONSIBLY OUTDOORS 4. ALLOW ADS FOR BREASTFEEDING PRODUCTS ON INSTAGRAM

2

Read and match the excerpts of the petitions to their titles. mothers who are just Because of the countless emails, DM's, comments from hundreds of breastfeeding matter how many times as furious as we are about Instagram and Facebook denying our ads. Because no on this matter remains we appeal, Facebook replies with "we're sorry for the inconvenience but our say

a

unchanged".

White, Lindsay. “Sign the Petition.” Change.org. Accessed September 26, 2019. https://www.ch ange.org/p/kim on-instagram.

-malfacini-allo w-ads-for-brea stfeeding-prod ucts-

b An online platform need to be created to combat hate speech that are spread on internet. Therefore, we have to open space to everybody discuss and support each other. We do not accept it anymore. We want to change!

Source: Allie. “Sign Petition.” Care2 Petitions. Accessed October 21, 2019. https://www.thepetit ionsite.com/pt-br/93 6/920/547/campainh a-to-end-hate-speech -onsocial-media/.

I would like to propose that Instagram/Facebook act immediately and implement a system allowing users to report violations that are both illegal and harmful to the environment. In addition to that, Instagram/

c

Facebook would provide flagged accounts with appropriate resources on responsible recreation, protecting the environment and volunteer opportunities, so they might be able to correct their actions and help everyone in the outdoor community work together. Furthermore, I believe this data should be made available to the public, so companies and organizations can better evaluate individuals (aka “influencers” or “content creators”) with large followings on social media before approaching them to work on campaigns.

Brentano, Elisabeth. “Sign the Petition.” Change.org. Accessed September 26, 2019. https://www.change.org/p/encouraging-the-social-media-generation-to-behave-moreresponsibly-outdoors.

30 . DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP

d

Fake profiles are often being reclaimed by its owners as they validate a phone number or e-mail, maybe verify friends. However, it doesn't mean they are account's owner is in fact real; They create profiles for characters and play in their own world, that's not the point of the network.

US Against threats. “Sign the Petition.” Change.org. Accessed September 26, 2019. https://www.change.org/p/facebook-to-rem ovepermanently-fake-profiles.

3

Which of these petitions would you endorse? Which wouldn’t you endorse? Why or why not?

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YOU

ARE

AT LE S

SON

4

WANT X WOULD LIKE

4

Find the sentence from one of the petitions and choose the correct option. a “We do not accept it anymore. We

b “I

want

5

to propose that

Instagram/Facebook act immediately ...”

to change.” would like

want

What’s the difference between want and would like in the sentences from 4?

Activity 4

6

would like

In a petition, do people use want or would like when they are expressing their wishes and needs?

GRAMMAR: PAGE 117

LINKING WORDS

7

ERS CONSIDER OTH ns

Read the petitions again and look at the highlighted words. Which words express: a Addition: b Cause: c Contrast: WORK BANK : PAGE 109

8

ition.

You are going to write a pet of this genre?

What are the characteristics s.

Check all possible statement ething, about something. to urge people to take action

som a A petition is a request to do to b A petition can be addressed

a company,

a person, or a public entity.

nt person

orta c A petition works if one imp signs it.

port your d People are more likely to sup care. petition if it’s clear why you ers e It’s important to respect oth

when

f

lence, use hate speech, threaten vio

Always or make things up.

D3_4066_ING_F2_LA_V4_022a031_U2.indd 31

t

wan a Petition title: What do you to achieve?

ke

ma b Decision makers: Who can this happen? Your school?

Your neighbourhood?

this c Description: Explain how

change

will impact you, your family, or your community.

n d Create a visual representatio

for your

draw petition: make a collage or attention. something to call people’s

133 WORKBOOK: PAGE

31

REVIEW: PAGE 93

ic that Work in pairs. Choose a top dia at involves the use of social me using school. Write your petition . ow bel the structure

UNIT 2 .

writing a petition.

9

ea cial situations m Awareness of so hat fully consider w we should care unicate d plan to comm people want, an nded way that is inte with them in a ga ed. When writin to meet that ne er id portant to cons petition, it is im ith w e of and empathiz the perspective e rs ve those from di others, including d cultures. backgrounds an that? w ho can we do In your opinion,

29/01/20 10:45

exa the same thi an you think of any te lite way. Do you do ernatives to anticipa e something in a po lik n’t do u yo t ing task, read the alt tha ten lis a e for ant to say Be ? on o and opini nciation in tw other people’s taste spelling, and pronu to mportant to respect a similar meaning, ve ha t tha end, it is important rds wo the Cognates are rds have a -y at wo en Wh t. tex l he ideas in the text. in ora as d a written or ipate the ide help you understan alternatives to antic anguages. They can tening task, read the lis a e for Be guages. They can ry. lan ng y. Example: hu nciation in two arl nu cle pro m d an the , e ing nc ell ou sp , ron ilar meaning words that have a sim he text. Cognates are t. d a written or oral tex help you understan

y d u t S I n a How C ? y l e v i t c e ff More E

right attitude. arts with the st g n yi d u st ence.

Effective e all the differ ak m n ca d re ed and prepa important Being organiz ilities, so it is ab t en er iff d Everyone has what doesn’t. s for you and rk o w at h w e dy skills to determin ving your stu ro p im y tl an st con t you think?

You should be at works, don’ h w d an st er d to better un

AIM In this project,

you are going to identify habits and deve lop strategies to study more effectivel y based on scie ntific studies related to executive fu nctions (neuroscience) . You are going to plan and deliver an oral presentation w ith your conclusions ab out effective w ays to study.

MATERIALS •

Computer and internet

100 . CLIL

STEP BY STEP

1

What is the connection between the title question and the image?

3

Form small groups and do some research to understand what executive functions are.

2

Think of possible connections between the functions of the brain and those of an air traffic controller. Read the paragraph below and compare it with your ideas.

4

What are the connections between executive functions and studying effectively?

Complete the chart below.

Executive function and self-regulation skills are the mental processes that enable us to plan, focus attention, remember instructions, and juggle multiple tasks successfully. Just as an air traffic control system at a busy airport safely manages the arrivals and departures of many aircrafts on multiple runways, the brain needs this skill set to filter distractions, prioritize tasks, set and achieve goals, and control impulses.

Positive habits and attitudes

Negative habits and attitudes

“Executive Function & Self-Regulation.” Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. Accessed September 26, 2019. https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/executive-function/.

D3_4066_ING_F2_LA_V4_100a103_CLIL_STEAM_1.indd 100

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CLIL

EVALUATION

5

Organize your findings and conclusions and start planning your oral presentation.

6

Design your presentation slides.

7

Schedule and deliver your presentation to the group.

What is the importance of learning about executive functions?

Are the ideas suggested by the other groups similar or different to yours? Are they possible to implement?

What skills did you develop with this activity?

D3_4066_ING_F2_LA_V4_100a103_CLIL_STEAM_1.indd 101

Were you happy with the final result?

If you could do it again, what would you change?

29/01/20 15:59

STEAM

Before a listening tas k, read the alternati ves to anticipate the ideas in the text.

Cognates are words that have a similar meaning, spelling, an d pronunciation in two languages.

They can help you un derstand a written or oral text. When words have a -y at the end, it is important to pronounce them clearly. Example : hungry /ˈh / ʌŋɡri / Before a lis tening task, read the altern atives to anticipate the ideas in the text.

Cognates are words that have a similar me aning, spelling, and pronunciation in two languages. Th ey can help you understand a written or oral text.

IC R B A F IC T S A L P E H T

E G N E L L A H C

t? a recycled plastic shee ith w do e w n ca t ha W qualities as fabric?

Does it have the same

MATERIALS •

plastic bags

•

scissors

•

baking paper

•

an iron

•

extra tools, like thread and needle, stapler, etc.

•

notebook and pencil

HYPOTHESIS AND PLAN •

We know that plastic bags can be recycled in different ways. Can we produce a more

EVALUATION

resistant piece of fabric from plastic bags?

•

Test the resistance of the plastic sheet.

•

What can be done with it?

•

Record your findings in your notebook.

•

How resistant is it?

•

Discuss what else can be done to make

•

What kind of improvements can be made to improve the quality?

this sheet of plastic more resistant.

•

Brainstorm what can be done with this material.

TEST •

Plug and set the iron to a medium temperature.

•

Flatten out the plastic bags on a surface and cut off the handles and the bottom. Do the same thing

102 . STEAM

to three or four other plastic bags.

•

Sketch one possibility and think of what other materials you will need.

RE-TEST •

Follow the same steps to create

•

Place a large piece of baking paper on a table.

another sheet of plastic,

•

Pile the cut plastic bags and flatten them out on

but now implement your ideas

the baking paper and place another piece of baking

for improvement.

paper on top, covering all the plastic.

•

Iron the baking paper covering the whole surface.

•

Check the plastic to see if it has become one single sheet of plastic.

D3_4066_ING_F2_LA_V4_100a103_CLIL_STEAM_1.indd 102

•

Test the new sheet using the exact same methods as before.

•

Be creative and design a product with your material.

29/01/20 15:59

Can you think of an y examples of thing s that you disagree about? In En glish, there are expre ssions when you want to say that you don’t like so mething in a polite way. Do yo u do the same thing in your language? Why is it important to respect other people’s taste and op inion?

FINAL EVALUATION

PRESENTATION •

Display your final product

Look at all the products and discuss the similarities and differences.

•

Talk about the possibilities and challenges of working with these

and explain to the group your

materials and consider the difficulties involved in creating high

conclusions about the quality

quality materials made of recycled plastic to make clothes and

of the material.

D3_4066_ING_F2_LA_V4_100a103_CLIL_STEAM_1.indd 103

103

furniture, for example.

STEAM .

•

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