Ensligh 9 by Editora FTD

Desenvolvida para alunos brasileiros do Ensino Fundamental 2, a coleção English in Formation descomplica as aulas de inglês. Leva alunos e professores a diferentes lugares onde a língua é parte de um contexto relevante ao universo juvenil. Características da 3a edição: • Novos textos e temas, possibilitando conexões interdisciplinares; • Conteúdo linguístico de nível apropriado ao Ensino Fundamental 2;

3rd edition

• Seção For your Fun! com novos quadrinhos, curiosidades e trava-línguas; • Workbook integrado; • CD de áudio com os textos, diálogos e atividades de pronúncia da coleção; • Livro do professor com dicas práticas para o dia a dia na sala de aula; • Recursos digitais na plataforma StandFor Digital – digital.standfor.com.br;

• Apoio da consultoria educacional dedicada StandFor. ISBN 978-85-96-00282-0

ISBN 978-85-96-00283-7

6º

9 Desenvolvida para alunos brasileiros do Ensino Fundamental 2, a coleção English in Formation descomplica as aulas de inglês. Leva alunos e professores a diferentes lugares onde a língua é parte de um contexto relevante ao universo juvenil.

Características da 3a edição:

• Novos textos e temas, possibilitando conexões interdisciplinares;

• Conteúdo linguístico de nível apropriado ao Ensino Fundamental 2;

3rd edition • Seção For your Fun! com novos quadrinhos, curiosidades e trava-línguas;

• Conteúdo linguístico de nível apropriado ao Ensino Fundamental 2;

• Seção For your Fun! com novos quadrinhos, curiosidades e trava-línguas; • Workbook integrado;

• Workbook integrado;

• CD de áudio com os textos, diálogos e atividades de pronúncia da coleção;

• Livro do professor com dicas práticas para o dia a dia na sala de aula;

• Livro do professor com dicas práticas para o dia a dia na sala de aula; • Recursos digitais na plataforma StandFor Digital – digital.standfor.com.br;

3rd edition • Seção For your Fun! com novos quadrinhos, curiosidades e trava-línguas; • Workbook integrado;

• Recursos digitais na plataforma StandFor Digital – digital.standfor.com.br;

• Apoio da consultoria educacional StandFor.

788596 002837

788596 002844

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ISBN 978-85-96-00286-8

ISBN 978-85-96-00287-5

8º

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ISBN 978-85-96-00283-7

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7º

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• Workbook integrado;

Student Book

ISBN 978-85-96-00282-0

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3rd edition

3rd edition • Seção For your Fun! com novos quadrinhos, curiosidades e trava-línguas;

7º 9

6º

Student Book

ISBN 978-85-96-00282-0

• Conteúdo linguístico de nível apropriado ao Ensino Fundamental 2;

• Apoio da consultoria educacional StandFor. ISBN 978-85-96-00282-0

ISBN 978-85-96-00283-7

ISBN 978-85-96-00282-0

6º

7º

• Novos textos e temas, possibilitando conexões interdisciplinares;

Student Book

• Recursos digitais na plataforma StandFor Digital – digital.standfor.com.br;

• Apoio da consultoria educacional StandFor.

6º

ISBN 978-85-96-00285-1

ISBN contexto 978-85-96-00284-4 relevante ao universo juvenil.

• Novos textos e temas, possibilitando conexões interdisciplinares;

788596 002837

Student Book

788596 002820

788596 002875 ISBN 978-85-96-00289-9

788596 002899

6/10/16 9:45 AM

WILSON LIBERATO

Student Book

SÃ£o Paulo, 2016

LY-ING-F2-4016-V4-INI-001-005-ML-LA-M16.indd 1

7/22/16 10:05 AM

Lauri Cericato

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Liberato, Wilson English in formation, 9 / Wilson Liberato. – 3. ed. – São Paulo : FTD, 2016.

The credits that are not mentioned here have been printed on the page where the artwork appeared due to contract demands.

ISBN 978-85-96-00288-2 (aluno) ISBN 978-85-96-00289-9 (professor) 1. Inglês (Ensino fundamental) I. Título.

16 – 00700

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of StandFor. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover than that in which it is, published and without a similar condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Whilst every effort has been made to check that the websites referred to in English In Formation were current at the time of going to press, StandFor disclaims responsibility for their content and/or possible changes. While every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders, if any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Some names and identifying details have been changed to protect the privacy of individuals. The publisher would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce the photographs: Getty Images: pp. 13 (Alexander Graham Bell) Edward Gooch/Stringer/Hulton Archive; 38 (tango) Tanya Constantine/Blend Images; 38 (flamenco) Chris Nash/DigitalVision; 38 (belly dancing) Amy Guip/Photographer’s Choice; 38 (country dancing) Geoff Brightling/ Dorling Kindersley; 48 (hail) Rethabile Phakisi/EyeEm; 48 (hurricane) New York Public Library/Science Source; 69 (Jelling stone) Werner Forman/UIG; 117-c (tornado) Willoughby Owen/Moment. Film cover: p. 48 (Twister cover) Filme de Jan de Bont. Twister. EUA. 1996. Pulsar Imagens: p. 38 (quadrille) Mauricio Simonetti. Shutterstock.com: pp. 123/a (sandals) Michael Kraus; 12-3/b (tie) Studio 52; 12-3/c (skirt) DenisFilm; 12-3/d (pants) iprachenko; 16 (belt) Jiang Zhongyan; 16 (handbag) Photobac; 16 (wallet) tkemot; 16 (scarf) Nordling; 16 (boots) Olga Popova; 16 (high heels) INSAGO; 17 (jeans) kampolz; 22-3/a (spear) prapann; 22-3/b (shield) Peter Lorimer; 22-3/c (bow and arrow) prapann; 22-3/d (hammer) alexcoolok; 27 (Roman baths) Justin Black; 32-3/a (diamond) Korpithas; 32-3/b (sapphire) TinaImages; 32-3/c (bracelet) lynnette; 32-3/d (pearl necklace) Byjeng; 37 (diamond & coal) RTimages; 38 (breakdance) Dariush M; 38 (ballet) Maksim Shmeljov; 44-3/a (clouds) Mladen Davidovic; 44-3/b (snow) KariDesign; 44-3/c (lightning) prudkov; 44-3/d (rain) Stone36; 44-3/e (wind) behindlens; 48 (flood) 1000 Words; 48 (drought) Eakrin; 48 (blizzard) Guitar photographer; 48 (tornado) Todd Shoemake; 49 (lightning storm) Anna Omelchenko; 54-3/a (boxing bag) DomDew_Studio; 54-3/b (treadmill) Julian Rovagnati; 54-3/c (stationary bike) Serghei Starus; 54-3/d (weights) Jiri Hera; 54-3/e (scales) theerakit; 59 (foods) Image Point Fr; 64-3/a (knees) Dimedrol68; 64-3/b (heel) AXL; 64-3/c (toes) Wischy; 64-3/d (hand) Matthias G. Ziegler; 64-3/e (elbow) YKTR; 64 (man) SFIO CRACHO; 76-3/a (harmonica) MikeBraune; 76-3/b (mandolin) Lupirro; 76-3/c (trumpet) furtseff; 76-3/d (flute) Venus Angel; 81 (Walk of Fame) Andrew Zarivny; 863/a (daisys) ozguroral; 86-3/b (sunflower) Zoom Team; 86-3/c (violets) Lubava; 86-3/d (carnations) Arsgera; 86 (tree) digitalbalance; 86 (peach blossom) viphotos; 91 (flower bouquet) Dima Sidelnikov; 96-3/a, b, c, d (airport iconography) ekler; 107-a (necklace) PANIGALE; 107-b (earrings) Elnur; 107-c (hammer) Josef Hanus; 107-d (shield) Mikhail Kolesnikov; 107-e (spear) MyImages-Micha; 107-f (ax) Sirichai Puangsuwan; 107-g (pants) elenovsky; 107-h (high heels) Tamara83; 107-i (sneakers) Drozhzhina Elena; 107-j (sandals) Nadiia Korol; 107-k (underwear) Everything; 107-l (socks) Africa Studio; 107-m (jacket) Karkas; 107-n (tie) Karina Bakalyan; 107-o (dress) Karkas; 107-p (ruby) Rednaxel; 117-a (lightning) Anna Omelchenko; 117-b (drought) John Bill; 117-d (scales) Kitch Bain; 117-e (treadmill) Vereshchagin Dmitry; 117-f (eyebrow) BeautyStockPhoto; 117-g (hair) puhhha; 117-h (knee) threerocksimages; 117-i (nose) StudioSmile; 117-j (elbow) Only background; 117-k (fingernails) Valua Vitaly; 117-l (hand) ILYA AKINSHIN; 127-a (harmonica) Petra de wit; 127-b (drums) Africa Studio; 127-c (tambourine) Vereshchagin Dmitry; 127-d (keyboard) Sergiy1975; 127-e (sunflower) oksana2010; 127-f (daisy) Kucher Serhii; 127-g (carnation) Africa Studio; 127-h (lilies) Kisialiou Yury; 127-i (arrivals logo) Aha-Soft; 127-j (waiting room) Thitisan; 127-k (emergency exit) Daniel Fung; 127-l (baggage claim) Arina P Habich; 136 (arrow) Andrey Burmakin; 137 (earring) Marben; 138 (jacket) Mariyana M; 138 (orchid) ncristian; 139 (sneakers) Nataliia K; 140 (treasure) grafvision.

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APRESENTAÇÃO Você já deve ter ouvido falar que o aprendizado de uma língua estrangeira se baseia na inter-relação de quatro habilidades: ouvir, falar, ler e escrever. No entanto, para garantir a eficiência desse esquema em sala de aula, é preciso assistir bem às aulas, o que requer disciplina, atenção às explicações do professor, resolução das tarefas ou projetos propostos e prática do conteúdo ensinado. É importante praticar individualmente, interagir com os colegas, com o material didático, com o professor e com qualquer pessoa do seu relacionamento. Assim, o livro, a sala de aula e o professor são apenas o ponto de partida, seus parceiros na construção do conhecimento. Suas ações e sua determinação poderão levá-lo a resultados bastante proveitosos. Empenhe-se na busca de outras fontes, como revistas, jornais, livros de literatura, letras de músicas, filmes, internet. Compartilhe com os colegas, com seu professor e com os amigos as descobertas que fizer. Entretanto, há alguns poucos estudantes que perguntam: “Para que aprender inglês na escola?”. Para conhecer outra cultura, outros costumes, através do aprendizado de uma língua. Para se incluir socialmente num mundo cada vez mais globalizado. Descartar esse direito é insensatez. Esta coleção contribui para o seu aprendizado de inglês, trazendo diálogos e textos autênticos sobre assuntos diversos. Eles são apresentados de forma a permitir a expansão do seu vocabulário, o domínio da estrutura gramatical e o aprimoramento de seu espírito crítico, além de desenvolver sua fluência na conversação e na leitura. São oferecidas inúmeras atividades destinadas a prepará-lo para enfrentar situações reais do cotidiano. Nossa proposta, com esta coleção, é ser o parceiro de alunos aplicados e de professores dedicados.

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CONTENTS Listening & Speaking

Vocabulary & Pronunciation

UNIT 0 p. 6

English around the world

British × American English

UNIT 1 p. 8

At a department store Did you try this shirt on?

Clothing and footwear

Past Tense and past participle of regular verbs Past Tense: interrogative and negative forms

UNIT 2 p. 18

At the British Museum We bought some souvenirs for you

Historical tools and weapons

Irregular verbs: Past Tense & past participle

UNIT 3 p. 28

At a jewelry store Did you find the gift you were looking for?

Jewels and jewelry The sounds of -ed

Past Tense: regular & irregular verbs Question tags: Past Tense

UNIT 4 p. 40

At a weather station What’s the weather forecast for tomorrow?

Meteorological terms

Comparative adjectives Modal verbs: can, may

UNIT 5 p. 50

At the gym Do you have any health problems?

Workout equipment

Superlative adjectives Whose Could & might

UNIT 6 p. 60

At the sports clinic What would you like to change?

Words related to the human body The sounds of ea, ee, ei, ia, ie

UNIT 7 p. 72

At a conservatory Have you ever been abroad?

Musical instruments

UNIT 8 p. 82

On the flower farm How long have you been a girl scout?

Flowers

UNIT 9 p. 92

At the airport Do you know anybody in London?

Airport signs The sounds of oa, oo, ou, ue, ui

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Language Structures

Would Conditional sentences Comparatives and superlatives Modals: can, may, could, might False cognates The Present Perfect Tense The Present Perfect Progressive Tense Modal verbs: must, should Active voice × passive voice Anybody/anyone, anything Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive Must × should

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Variations & Extensions

Reading & Writing

Functions Identifying loan words and dialects.

Accessories Little × a little Prefix unFew × a few B.C. × A.D.

Suffixes -en; -ness

More meteorological phenomena Can – be able to

Any × some

The history of jeans

Using regular verbs in questions, statements, and negations in the past. Defining men’s and women’s wear. Giving opinions about clothes.

An open-air museum

Using irregular verbs in questions, statements, and negations in the past. Talking about historical events. Defining ancient weapons and tools.

Diamonds

Lightning safety

What’s an allergy?

Words related to the head and face Suffix -able

Bluetooth

Have gone to × have been to

The price of fame

Parts of a tree

Another × other × others

Flower etiquette

Song of joy

Identifying the names of jewels and jewelry. Using the past tense and the past participle of verbs with question tags. Forming nouns and adjectives with suffixes. Reviewing structures. Identifying meteorological terms. Asking about the weather.

Comparing objects. Expressing possibility, permission, and ability.

Talking about health problems. Giving personal data.

Asking and answering by using any and some. Understanding allergies.

Identifying the parts of the body. Using conditional sentences and modal verbs. Writing about the past. Reviewing structures. Identifying names of musical instruments. Using Present Perfect tenses. Identifying deceptive words. Expressing an opinion. Identifying the names of ﬂowers. Expressing obligations and giving advice. Using the passive voice. Writing about festivities. Identifying public signs. Talking about a trip by plane.

Using indefinite pronouns. Analyzing a song. Reviewing structures.

WORKBOOK ................ p. 105 IRREGULAR VERBS ...... p. 141 GLOSSARY ................. p. 136 TRACK LIST ................ p. 144

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English around the world. Does a standard English exist? Yes, it does. Most countries that speak English define a particular version considered standard. The 2 English used by Queen Elizabeth II and the BBC, for example, is considered standard English in the UK. However, the majority of the population don’t actually speak it! Instead, most use one of the many other English dialects that exist in the UK. Due to the global presence of English, there are many other dialects in addition to American and British English. Some other varieties can be found in South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Pakistan, Nigeria, Malawi, the Philippines, and many other places. Comparing dialects there are differences in grammar, pronunciation, spelling, and vocabulary. An interesting phenomenon occurs when English words are used as loan words in a country that speaks another language. Sometimes the borrowed word receives a meaning different to the original. In English, “outdoors” is a place outside or in the open. In Brazil, it is used as the name for a large advertising board, called a “billboard” in English.

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1 Based on the text, write T (true) or F (false). a) Most people speak standard English in the UK. b) Varieties of English can be found in Africa and Asia. c) The only difference between dialects of English is the spelling. d) In English, billboard means a large advertising board.

   

British colour centre pavement lift apologise

American color center sidewalk elevator apologize

This table illustrates some spelling and vocabulary differences between British and American English.

2 Each pair of words contains a word in British English and the same word in American English. Underline the words used in British English. a) favorite – favourite c) metre – meter e) theater – theatre b) fries – chips d) tap – faucet f) football – soccer

3 Speakers of English as a foreign language sometimes make mistakes when speaking or writing. Read the sentences below and rewrite them, correcting the mistakes. a) She’s not can to help you.

c) Some few tourists went to beach.

b) Everybody have car.

d) She had so much dreams.

4 Other common mistakes can be observed in pronunciation. Underline the strong syllable of the following words. a) control b) electricity c) comfortable

d) creative e) notebook f) democrat

g) independence h) protester i) engine

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AT A DEPARTMENT STORE IN THIS UNIT

• Clothing and footwear • Past Tense and past participle of regular verbs • Past Tense: interrogative and negative forms Yeah, I really like these ones. They seem comfortable.

Do you like this style?

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Did you try this shirt on? Paul and his girlfriend, Jane, were at a department store. She was helping him to choose some clothes. He tried on two pairs of pants and liked them both. He was also looking for some shirts to match his new pants, but he didn’t like the ones that Jane showed him.

I’m afraid it’s out of fashion.

You need a casual shirt, Paul. Don’t you like this one?

Well... It’s a little tacky.

Did you try on this yellow one?

What about this one?

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Yes, but it doesn’t match the pants.

Look! There are other styles over there. Oh, they look nice!

Look at the beige one! It’s beautiful! But it has long sleeves. What a pity!

Come on, Paul! We don’t have much time!

1 Based on the dialogue, write That’s OK! So, let’s leave it for another day.

T (true) or F (false). a) Paul tried on two pairs of pants. b) Jane needed a casual shirt for herself. c) Paul wanted a shirt with long sleeves. d) Jane was impatient with Paul because of his indecision.

   

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• AT A DEPARTMENT STORE

2 Listen to the audio and mark the correct answer. a) Denise liked the  white dress.

 beige pants.

b) Blue jeans were created about  150 years ago.

 three decades ago.

3 Write the names of the pictured items of clothing.

4 Mark the correct response to complete the dialogues. a) Did you show her the new skirts?

 Yes, I did. But she didn’t like them.  What was she afraid of? b) Why didn’t she like them?

 She has very little time.  In her opinion, they are a little tacky.

c) Did she like the dresses?

 The blue jacket is really nice!  She liked the red one. d) How much is it?

 It’s $25.  Why not?

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• AT A DEPARTMENT STORE

Past Tense of regular verbs Em inglês, a maioria dos verbos é dividida em regular e irregular. Os regular verbs recebem o acréscimo de -ed ao infinitivo para formar o past tense, não importando qual seja o sujeito da oração. O past tense de um verbo em inglês corresponde a todas as formas verbais de passado em português (pretérito perfeito, imperfeito e mais-que-perfeito).

Infinitive to call to look

Past tense called looked

She called me. (Ela me chamou/chamava/chamara.) They looked at me. (Eles olharam/olhavam para mim.) O past tense é usado para descrever uma ação ocorrida e encerrada no passado. Veja a seguir alguns advérbios e locuções adverbiais comuns em orações no past tense: yesterday – ontem; the day before yesterday – anteontem; last week – na semana passada; a year ago – um ano atrás; in 2004 – em 2004; last century – no século passado. It rained yesterday. (Choveu ontem.) We visited a zoo last year. (Nós visitamos um zoológico no ano passado.)

Spelling

Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish-born American inventor (1847-1922).

O acréscimo do sufixo -ed ao verbo obedece a algumas regras. Verbos terminados em: • e acrescente -d. to arrive arrived to like liked • consoante + y to try tried

exclua o y e acrescente -ied. to worry worried

• consoante + vogal tônica + consoante repita a consoante final e acrescente -ed. to prefer preferred to stop stopped Alguns verbos que seguem esta regra: to admit admitted (admitir) to permit permitted (permitir) to commit committed (cometer)

to plan planned (planejar) to control controlled (controlar) to regret regretted (arrepender) 13

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• AT A DEPARTMENT STORE

1 Complete the sentences using the past tense of the verbs in parentheses. a) Sir Alexander Fleming (discover) penicillin last century. b) Alexander Graham Bell (invent) the telephone in 1876. c) An atomic bomb (destroy) Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. d) The Beatles (record) their first hit in 1962.

2 Complete the sentences using the past tense of the verbs in parentheses. a) I (receive) your e-mail yesterday, and I (reply) to it immediately. b) I (plan) a trip to Paris, but my wife (prefer) Rome. c) She (open) the door and her kids (enter) quickly. d) The little boy (commit) a mistake, which (worry) him a lot.

The past participle O past participle é uma forma verbal que pode ser usada em tempos verbais compostos ou como adjetivo. O past participle dos regular verbs também é feito com a terminação -ed. Infinitive

Past tense

Past participle

to inform

informed

to worry

worried

They were informed about the incident. (Eles/Elas foram informados/informadas sobre o incidente.) Are you worried about him? (Você está preocupado com ele?)

3 Complete the sentences with the past participle of the verbs in parentheses. a) A man (call) Jeremiah is looking for you. b) My computer was (affect) by a (corrupt) program. c) This is a (use) motorcycle, but it is very well (maintain). d) The system is (program) to accept (register) members. 14

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• AT A DEPARTMENT STORE

Past Tense: interrogative and negative forms Para fazermos perguntas no passado, usamos o verbo auxiliar did (passado do verbo do). Em sentenças negativas, usamos did not (didn’t). O verbo a ser conjugado retorna à sua forma infinitiva sem to. Affirmative: Paul liked the yellow shirt. Negative: Paul did not (didn’t) like the yellow shirt. Interrogative: Did Paul like the yellow shirt?

4 Rewrite the sentences: first in the negative form and then in the interrogative form. a) She tried on lots of dresses.

b) They committed a serious mistake.

c) She watched the game with us.

5 The statements below are false. Make them true by rewriting them in the negative form. a) Santos Dumont invented the lamp.

c) Michelangelo painted the Mona Lisa.

b) Amerigo Vespucci discovered North America.

d) The Russians arrived on the moon first.

6 Complete the questions to match the answers. a) What ? Paul needed new socks.

d) Who ? Juliet loved Romeo.

b) What ? Jane wanted a long blue dress.

e) How often ? Rex visited the library every day.

c) Where ? My parents traveled to Spain.

f) When ? She lived here in 2008. 15

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7/27/16 3:36 PM

• AT A DEPARTMENT STORE

ACCESSORIES

belt

wallet

scarf

high heels

handbag

boots

7 Complete the definitions below with the missing word. a) A

is a small case for carrying money and credit cards.

b) A band of leather that we wear around our waist is called a

c) A

is a long piece of cloth that you can wear round your neck.

d) A

is a kind of shoe that covers the foot and part of the leg.

LITTLE × A LITTLE • Little significa “pouco, pouca” e equivale a not much (não muito). I like my coffee with little sugar. (Gosto do meu café com pouco açúcar.) • A little significa “um pouco”. It’s a little hot today. (Está um pouco quente hoje.)

8 Complete the sentences using little or a little. a) There was b) I speak c) We wanted d) Can you give us e) They spend f) Please, have

food in the house, so we called for a pizza. Spanish because my parents are Chilean. more attention. help? money on food because they have lunch at home. patience with me.

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7/22/16 10:25 AM

• AT A DEPARTMENT STORE

One day in Nevada, in the year 1870, the wife of a laborer asked a local tailor, Jacob Davis, to make a pair of strong work pants for her husband. Davis used a strong blue cotton cloth from France, and because it was from the city of Nimes, it became known as denim (de Nimes). To make the denim pants even stronger, Davis had the idea to use metal rivets to secure the weak points of the pants and stop them falling apart so quickly. His idea was a big success and soon Davis was unable to meet the demand for his durable work pants. Davis wrote a letter to Levi Strauss, a Bavarian-born textile merchant from San Francisco who imported the denim that Davis used in his pants, and proposed that they become business partners.

Levi Strauss was a clever businessman and saw that the strong pants were a good idea, so he agreed to the partnership. Together, they applied for a patent on the idea of using metal rivets to strengthen denim pants. The day the partners received the patent for riveted pants was May 20, 1873, and it’s considered the birth date of the blue jeans. Jeans were men’s work clothes until the 1960s, when they were made popular by actors such as James Dean and Marlon Brando, and became a symbol of youth rebellion. Nowadays, jeans are casual clothes worn all over the world by men, women, and children.

Answer the questions according to the text. a) Where was denim from?

b) What did Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis do for a living?

c) What was the new characteristic that made blue jeans a success?

Do you think fashion influences people? Why? What is your opinion about fashion? Write some of your ideas in English on a piece of paper and compare them with a partner. 17

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7/27/16 3:37 PM