Efficacy of Foeniculum Vulgare Seeds Powder on Feed Intake and Feed Conversion Ratio in Broilers by IJEID

International Journal of Excellence Innovation and Development ||Volume 1, Issue 1, Nov. 2018||Page No. 014-017||

Efficacy of Foeniculum Vulgare Seeds Powder on Feed Intake and Feed Conversion Ratio in Broilers Saleh Lemrabt1, Ram Pal Singh2, Kamin Alexander3, Pramod W. Ramteke4, Neeraj5 1 Ph.D Scholar, Department of Biological Sciences, SHUATS, Allahabad, U.P., India. Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, SHUATS, Allahabad, U.P., India. 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, SHUATS, Allahabad, U.P., India. 4 Prof.(Dr.) Department of Biological Sciences, SHUATS, Allahabad , U.P., India. 5 Prof.(Dr.) Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, SHUATS, Allahabad , U.P., India.

Abstract––An experiment which fed with standard broiler starter ration from day 1 to day 21 (3 weeks) and then standard broiler finisher ration from day 22 to day 35 (4th and 5th weeks). The two types of ration (starter and finisher) were supplemented with different levels of deferent Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD). There were four treatments like T0, T1, T2 & T3 and 28 chicks in each treatment were distributed. Chicks of each treatment with variable proportions of (T 0:(control) basal diet with on supplement, T1:Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder 250 gm+50 kg diet, T2:Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder 500 gm+50 kg diet and T3:Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder 750 gm+50 kg diet). Combined supplements T3(Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder 750 gm+50 kg diet) of feed gave the best performance (p < 0.05) in all growth performance traits – final body weight, weekly weight gain, weekly feed intake and feed conversion ratio and T0 the least. Administration of Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder to broiler chickens increased their performance as well as improved their general wellbeing. It is, thus, recommended in broiler chicken production.

broilers flock must carefully meet up with the bird’s requirement suggested by controlled management programmer. This requirement includes appropriate housing, proper lighting, good nutrition, effective disease control (Goodell, 1981). Broiler production today occupies the place of pride in the poultry industry. The growth and progress of the commercial broiler farming during the last decades has been spectacular. Scientific production and management have made substantial progress to make broiler farming the most fastest growing industry of Indian agriculture.

INTRODUCTION

Aromatic plants are now more important because of its antimicrobial activity. They possess biological activities like that of antioxidants, as hypocholesterolemic, the stimulant effect on animal’s digestive systems, to increase digestive enzymes production and then improve utilization of digestive products through enhanced liver functions. In limited research, the inclusion of aromatic plants in the feeds and water promotes feed intakes, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield stated that fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is one of these aromatic plants which is containing a significant percentage of fatty acids, linoleic and stearic. Also, fennel has 16.81% Trans - anethole pulse 47.20% estragole with a total sweeting contents of 64.01% of essential oil. Indicated that body weight was increased at the same time improved feed conversion utilizing fennel components in the diets. (Abdullah and Rabia, 2009).

In the past decades poultry industry, the significance of chicken meat represents up to 80 percent of the whole meat production having their origin from birds. Meat production is still the fastest increasing component in the meat industry today. Analysis shows that, production and as well as consumption of chicken meat, is bound to rise because of good feed conversion when related to other animal species. Poultry meats are healthy (low fat and high protein content), has good sensory qualities, low price and fast production which mean a short generative time. Poultry diseases count a significant limitation to the efficiency and productivity and hence affects its profitability. Basically, the same range of poultry pathogens are accountable for losses in livability of poultry, production of eggs, chick’s growth rate and feed efficiency worldwide (Shane, 2004). The poultry growers who wants high performance from his/her

Fennel seeds usually contain around 26% of essential oil with trans-anethole as the key compound. The study of growing Japanese quail in response to meals is enriched with diverse levels of fennel seeds (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 g/kg), it was finalized that live body weight gain in the quail chicks meaningfully increased. Feed diet encompassing 0.50 g/kg fennel seed achieved the superlative values of feed conversion ratio, net return together with the highest value of economic efficacy between the experimental treatments. The inclusion of fennel seeds in the basal diet (0.5%) and the combination of fenugreek and fennel (0.25% + 0.25%) can improve performance and also health conditions of the broiler chicks. Treatments containing medical plants revealed better performance with lower total number of bacteria compared with the control.

Keywords––Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder, feed intake, and FCR

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Efficacy of foeniculum vulgare seeds powder on feed intake and feed The weight and length of the small intestine together with the carcass yield in birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fed with medicinal plants are usually higher than they are in the control. Major improvements in the final body weight and feed efficiency are recorded when broiler chickens were fed with a mixture of fennel added the diet. In addition, chicks feed that has fennel significantly higher in number of red blood cells, hemoglobin and packed cell volume attracts best results (Acimovicet al., 2016).

MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiment was carried out at poultry farm at Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology &Science, Allahabad, India, during year 2017. The experimental technical programmer with one hundred twelve (112) day old broiler chicks of the same day hatch was procured at Broiler Production Unit. The chicks were weighed, put mark to determine each chick and distributed in to 4 groups of 28 chicks in each treatment. Chicks of each treatment were further divided into 16 subgroups of 7 chicks in each. Chicks of each sub group were housed comfortably by providing space 1 sq.ft per bird. All the chamber, feeders, water troughs and other equipment were properly cleaned, disinfected and sterilized before using them. The data on various parameters viz, body weight of day-old chicks, weekly body weight, gain in weight, weeklyfeed consumption and feed efficiency were recorded week and ANOVA for the same was calculated by using RBD. Experimental design A total of 112-day old broiler chicks of same hatch was procured and were randomly divided into 7 groups as per following dietary regimens: T0: ( control) basal diet with no supplement. T1: Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder 250 gm+50 kg diet. T2: Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder 500 gm+50 kg diet. T3: Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder 750 gm+50 kg diet. Table 1: Ingredients and nutrient composition of experimental diet. Starter (1-21d)

Finisher (22-35d)

Corn Soybean Meal Oil-Vegetables DL-Methionine L-Lysine. HCl

54.789 38.733 1.313 0.26 0.152

63.765 30.51 1.649 0.204 0.16

L-Threonine Choline Chloride Di Ca- Phosphate CaCO3 Na-Bicarbonate NaCl

0.037 0.074 2.247 1.267 0.244 0.183

0.028 0 1.662 0.904 0.222 0.196

0.6 0.1

Ingredients (%)

Vit. & Mineral Mixture Filler www.ijeid.com

Lemrabt et al.

Vitamin A: 3,600,000 IU/kg; Vitamin D3: : 800,000 IU/kg; Vitamin E: 7,200IU/kg; Vitamin K3: 800 mg/kg; Vitamin B1: 720 mg/kg; VitaminB2: 2,640 mg/kg; Vitamin B3 (Calcium Pantothenate): 4,000 mg/kg; Vitamin B5 (Niacin): 12,000 mg/kg; Vitamin B6: 1,200 mg/kg; Vitamin B9(Folic acid): 400 mg/kg; Vitamin B12: 6 mg/kg; Vitamin H2 (Biotin): 40 mg/kg; Choline: 100,000 mg/kg; Antioxidant: 40,000 mg/kg and 1mg/kg Excipient; Mn: 39,680 mg/kg; Fe: 20,000 mg/kg; Zn: 33,880 mg/kg; Cu: 4,000 mg/kg; I: 400 mg/kg; Se: 80 mg/kg; Choline: 100,000 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg Excipient. (Gharehsheikhlouet al., 2018). Table 2: Nutritional value per 100 g. of fennel seeds. Principle Nutrient Value Percentage of RDA Energy 345 Kcal 17% Carbohydrates 52.29 g 40% Protein 15.80 g 28% Total Fat 14.87 g 48% Cholesterol 0 mg 0% Dietary Fiber 39.8 g 104% Vitamins Niacin 6.050 mg 37% Pyridoxine 0.470 mg 36% Riboflavin 0.353 mg 28% Thiamin 0.408 mg 34% Vitamin A 135 IU 4.5% Vitamin C 21 mg 35% Electrolytes Sodium 88 mg 6% Potassium 1694 mg 36% Minerals Calcium 1196 mg 120% Copper 1.067 mg 118% Iron 18.54 mg 232% Magnesium 385 mg 96% Manganese 6.533 mg 284% Phosphorus 487 mg 70% Zinc 3.70 mg 33.5% Table 3: Nutrient % for broiler starter. Nutrient Analysis T0 T1 T2 Dry Matter (%) 89.212 89.462 89.712 Energy-ME (kcal/kg) 2800 3662.5 4525 Crude Protein (%) 21.809 61.31 100.81 Calcium (%) 1.05 4.04 7.03 Available. 0.5 1.71 2.93 Phosphorus (%) Na (%) 0.156 0.37 0.596 Lysine-TFD (%) 1.15 1.15 1.15 Methionine-TFD (%) 0.541 0.541 0.541 Methionine 0.826 0.826 0.826 +Cysteine-TFD (%) Threonine-TFD (%) 0.748 0.748 0.748 Tryptophane-TFD (%) 0.223 0.223 0.223 Arginine-TFD (%) 1.294 1.294 1.294

T3 89.962 5387.5 140.31 10.02 4.15 0.82 1.15 0.541 0.826 0.748 0.223 1.294

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International Journal of Excellence Innovation and Development ||Volume 1, Issue 1, Nov. 2018||Page No. 014-017|| Table 4: Nutrient % for broiler finisher. Nutrient Analysis T0 T1 T2 T3 Dry Matter (%) 88.964 89.214 89.464 89.714 Energy-ME (kcal/kg) 2935 3797.5 4660 5522.5 Crude Protein (%) 18.194 57.694 97.194 136.694 Calcium (%) 0.776 3.766 6.756 9.746 Available. 0.338 1.555 2.773 3.990 Phosphorus (%) Na (%) 0.155 0.37 0.595 0.815 Lysine-TFD (%) 0.976 0.976 0.976 0.976 Methionine-TFD (%) 0.455 0.455 0.455 0.455 Methionine 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 +Cysteine-TFD (%) Threonine-TFD (%) 0.635 0.635 0.635 0.635 Tryptophane-TFD (%) 0.185 0.185 0.185 0.185 Arginine-TFD (%) 1.087 1.087 1.087 1.087

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Feed intake (g) The data regarding feed intake of the chicks randomly distributed into control (T0) and four different treatments (T0, T1, T2, and T3) are presented in the Tables 5. From the perusal of data on weekly feed intake of broilers, contained in Table 5, it may be notedthat feedintake of broilers, irrespective of treatments at one, two ,three ,four and five weeks of age was64.90, 370.75, 515.80, 546.35 and 847.02g, respectively. And the differences in these were significant, indicating thereby a significant effect of age on the feed intake of broilers in all treatments. the results were expected, because under normal phenomenon. The increase in feed intake with increased age, is what are world expected with increase of age. When treatment was feed intake was recorded, the mean highest feed intake was significant in broilers of T0(497.41), followed by T1(479.54), T2(449.81), T3(449.09). And the differences in this volume were found significant. This indicate that supplementation of Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder dietis influence the feed intake of broilers. However, feed intake was recorded lower in treatment groups compared to control. Results showed that supplementation of Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder 750 gm+50 kg diet in ration caused significant increase in growth in higher body growth. FCR (g.feed per kg of gain in weight) The data regarding the feed conversion ratio of chicks randomly distributed into control (T0) and four different treatments (T0, T1, T2, and T3) are presented in the Table 6. From the perusal of data on weekly FCR per broiler, contained in Table 6, it may be noted that FCR per broiler, irrespective of treatments at first, second, third, fourth and fifth weeks of age was 0.74, 1.50, 1.90, 1.19 and 1.88 of age on the FCR of broilers in all treatments. When treatment wise FCR was recorded highest FCR observed in T0(1.60), followed by T 1(1.47), T2(1.36), and T3(1.33)g. However these in accordance with the results on feed on feed intake and gain in weight of broilers. Similar findings with respect to improvement in body weight gain was observed by earlier researchers [Zanu, et al. (2011) and Adeyemo, et al. (2013)]. The www.ijeid.com

improvement in weight gain might be due to antiprotozoal and immunostimulatory properties of Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder that help to reduce the microbial load and improved the performance [Wankar, et al. (2009)]. In the contrary to our findings, there is also some reports in which birds exhibited poor performance and lower body weights in all treatment groups [Deore, et al. (2005)]. While some earlier reports showed no significant variations in weight gain of broilers [Nidaullah, et al. (2010), Nnenna, and A.A. (2013)]. Table 5: Average weekly mean feed intake of broiler chicks (g) in different treatments. Treatments W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 Mean T1 84.22 393.07 536.51 575.03 898.20 497.41 T2 72.28 381.22 524.46 557.19 862.58 479.54 T3 50.74 353.62 496.87 524.61 823.20 449.81 T4 52.34 355.09 505.34 528.58 804.09 449.09 Mean

510

64.90 370.75 515.80 546.35 847.02

Mean of feed intake of broiler chicks(g)

500 490 480 470 460 450 440 430 420 T0

Table 6: Average weekly mean FCR of broiler chicks (g) in different treatments. Treatments W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 Mean T0 1.00 1.64 1.93 1.37 2.08 1.60 T1 0.87 1.57 2.01 1.17 1.73 1.47 T2 0.55 1.40 1.88 1.12 1.86 1.36 T3 0.54 1.38 1.77 1.11 1.84 1.33 Mean 0.74 1.50 1.90 1.19 1.88

Mean of FCR of broiler chicks(g) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 T0

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Efficacy of foeniculum vulgare seeds powder on feed intake and feed

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