1.2 Problem Definition

Egypt's population is mostly settled around the Nile-delta due to its facilitated supply of resources (sayedgallab, 1989, p.43). The pressures on the Nile River are exacerbated by rapid population growth. Egypt’s current population, just 100 million and is expected to double in the next 50 years making Egypt vulnerable to providing enough resources for the people furthermore, Egypt already has one of the lowest rates of water availability per capita in the world, and most of the water is used for irrigation (Ritter, 2018). Adding to that Egypt’s population growth is also leading to dangerous levels of pollution in waterways according to the World Health Organization, Egypt ranks high for the number of deaths related to water pollution. Environmental dilemmas mentioned are getting harder by the day to manage when the country is overpopulated. According to the Central Agency forIPublic Mobilization andIStatistics (2014), Egyptians are settled on only 7.7% from the total of Egypt country land (1.01 million km²), leaving the rest Egypt’s wide lands: south-Sinai, the western and eastern deserts not habilitated, which caused Egypt to be one of the most overly human dense countries in the world (Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, 2014). In 2014 Egypt's population growth rate has reached 5,069 a day and was increasing till today (2019) to be 100,895,099 Egyptian living only in A small percentage of land mentioned. The Increase of population in a country in a short area of land and in a short period will lead to major risks for the future management of a country resource, especially in Egypt where resources are limited, and not dependent on renewability (Rashad, 2018). Egypt’s forms of energy resources are supplied from 6.9% water turbines and 70.63% from natural gas and 22.43% Mazut and 2% wind turbines 0.55% solar energy (CAPMAS, 2019), meaning that Egypt most energy resources are from nonrenewable forms of energy. Due to the need for fast and easy sources of energy, there are serious plans in Egypt for building the first nuclear energy reactor to be built in Egypt (Marsa Matrouh), which can be controversial considering safety and nuclear pollution (world nuclear association, 2019). This pattern of dilemmas: diseases from pollution, fighting over limited resources, and random housing as a result of overpopulation, and not coming with a solution for it makes Egypt vulnerable to many environmental problems.