BOOK OF BMW
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BOOK OF BMW
Rafael Eduardo Gomez Bonilla
Titulo original: Book Of BMW Publicado originalmente por Lauren King Publishing Diseño: Rafael Eduardo Gómez Bonilla Diseño de la Cubierta: Rafael Eduardo Gómez Bonilla Ilustraciones cubierta: Rafael Eduardo Gómez Bonilla Cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación de esta obra sólo puede ser realizada con la autorización de sus titulares, salvo excepción prevista por la ley. Diríjase a EDITORIAL EL TIEMPO. Si necesita fotocopiar o escanear algún Fragmento de esta obra. La Editorial no se pronuncia, ni Expresa ni implícitamente, respecto a la exactitud de la información contenida en este libro, razón por la cual no puede asumir ningún tipo de responsabilidad en caso de error u omisión. ©2012, Rafael Eduardo Gómez Bonilla ©2012, Jack Daniel © Editorial El Tiempo. S.A 2012. Para la edición castellana: ©2012, editorial El Tiempo, Bogotá. 2012. Printed in Colombia ISBN: 978-965-8722-50-1
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Index Introduction 1. History of BMW 2. BMW motorsport 3. Technology 4. BMW art car collection 5. BMW Car concept
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank God first gives me the opportunity to capture the talent he gave me this book, as if I could not express the way I do artistically. I thank my family for their unconditional support, they are my support when I need it. I thank my teachers, because it is thanks to them that I have the knowledge and the tools to express graphically. I thank my colleagues, it is with them that I can share all the knowledge I receive
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BOOK OF BMW
Introduction This book tells the story, from the beginning, and started manufacturing of aircraft engines, among other things. Also the change that has taken the brand logo, and the significance of the colors of the logo, the arrival of Rolls-Royce and Mini to the factory. Other topics that are spoken in the book is about the Rolls-Royce factory in England, and began manufacturing cars of this renowned brand like the Phantom. The introduction of series one, series one of the most compact of the brand. To contextualize its history, the brand has a museum showing the public the documents most representative of the brand. Besides this technological advances mention it, as technology “auto start-stop� and electric cars that are in production. Moreover, also speak of the art collection of cars that has the mark, which leads to the most influential artists to decorate their vehicles. Inside story highlights the division of the brand, which modify Motorsport each series of the brand to generate more power in their engines and that are identified with the letter “M. 6
Finally, speaking of the prototypes of the brand that could be in production in several years. An example of these is the i3, which is one of the first electric vehicles of the brand you want to put into production next year
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HISTORY OF BMW
HISTORY OF BMW
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BOOK OF BMW
1916 Establishment of BMW. BMW can trace its roots back to Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto. In 1916, the Flugmaschinenfabrik Gustav Otto company had merged into Bayerische FlugzeugWerke AG (BFW) at government behest. Elsewhere, in 1917, the Rapp Motorenwerke company morphed into Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH, which was duly converted into an AG (public limited company) in 1918. BMW AG subsequently transferred its engine construction operations – including the company and brand names – to BFW in 1922. The date of BFW’s founding, 6 March 1916, has therefore gone down in history as the birth-date of Bayerische Motoren Werke AG.
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HISTORY OF BMW
1917 The BMW Emblem From 1917, each of the company’s products proudly displays the BMW emblem, which incorporates the state colours of Bavaria. At the end of the 1920s, the emblem makes its first appearance in the company’s advertising as a rotating propeller – taking a form that will be used as the logo long into the future.
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BOOK OF BMW
1922 Company relocation and new beginning. After the end of the war, railway brakes and inboard engines were manufactured following the prohibition on the production of aero-engines. After the company was sold to Knorr Bremse AG in 1920, financier Camillo Castiglioni acquired engine production along with the workforce and production facilities, the company name and the logo in white and blue. He then transferred everything to “Bayerische Flugzeuge-Werke AG” (BFW). That same year the company relocated to the production facilities of BFW at Munich’s Oberwiesenfeld airfield. The main plant and the Headquarters of the BMW Group are still at this location today.
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HISTORY OF BMW
1923 BMW R 32 – the first BMW motorcycle. BMW announced its first motorcycle, the R 32, in 1923. Until then the company had only supplied engines rather than complete vehicles. The basic concept of the original BMW Motorrad model – a boxer engine with longitudinally positioned cylinders and shaft drive – is so sound, that it continues to be employed in the company’s motorcycles to this day.
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BOOK OF BMW
1928 BMW begins automotive construction. BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 by purchasing the company known as Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach. Until the Second World War broke out, all BMW cars were made at this plant in the Thuringia region of Germany. The first BMW small car was built under licence from the Austin Motor Company in 1929, but was superseded by the company’s own designs in 1932
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HISTORY OF BMW
1934 Aero-engine manufacture becomes autonomous. Starting in 1933, aircraft construction in Germany received substantial financial support from the government. In 1934, BMW AG hived off its aero-engine division to BMW Flugmotorenbau GmbH. Two years later Flugmotorenfabrik Eisenach GmbH was established jointly by the AG (public limited company) and the GmbH (private limited company) and the letters BMW were included in the name in 1939.
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BOOK OF BMW
1936 Establishment of the “Shadow Plant� Allach. BMW AG and BMW Flugmotorenbau GmbH established Flugmotorenfabrik Allach GmbH. Just one year later, they assigned their shares to Luftfahrtkontor GmbH Berlin, which secretly subsidised the BMW Plant Allach near Munich with government funding. By 1941, the plant had been significantly expanded for industrial production of aero-engines.
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HISTORY OF BMW
1939 BMW takes over Brandenburgische Motorenwerke. Brandenburgische Motorenwerke GmbH (Bramo) in Berlin-Spandau, previously Siemens Apparate- und Maschinenbau GmbH, and BMW merged the development of air-cooled aero-engines. One year later, shortly before the start of the Second World War, BMW took over Bramo and integrated the Spandau Plant as BMW Flugmotorenwerke Brandenburg GmbH into BMW AG.
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BOOK OF BMW
1941 BMW in World War II. During the Second World War, BMW was classified as a German armaments and war materials manufacturer, and devoted its resources almost exclusively to building aircraft engines for the German Air Force. Other plants were opened in addition to those in Munich and Eisenach.
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HISTORY OF BMW
1942 Forced labour at BMW. BMW takes on its first foreign workers in 1940, employing them on the factory floor. From 1942, convicts, Eastern European prisoners of war, and predominantly Western European forced labourers are made to work at BMW alongside concentration camp prisoners. As in the majority of German industries, the company’s management has a technocratic approach and is focused on efficiency. The use of forced labour is tacitly approved and accepted. During the Third Reich, forced labourers must work in deeply distressing conditions. Today, BMW is painfully aware of the great human suffering caused by this, and deeply regrets the fate of the forced labourers.
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BOOK OF BMW
1945 Reconstruction difficulties. After the Second World War, allied soldiers requisitioned and occupied the BMW plants. Since BMW had been classified as an armaments company, the machines and tools were dismantled. From 1945 onwards stopgap production, mainly of kitchen utensils, was started in Milbertshofen - as was also the case at the Berlin plant.
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HISTORY OF BMW
1945 The Munich plant is dismantled. In October 1945, the US military government issued a command for dismantling the BMW plants in Munich and Allach. This meant that BMW lost the power of disposal over its assets until 1949, and in Allach this loss of control in fact lasted until 1955. A large proportion of the intact machines were dismantled at the Munich-Milbertshofen plant and shipped all over the world as reparations.
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BOOK OF BMW
1948 A motorcycle from nothing. The BMW R 24. The first BMW vehicle to take to the road after 1945 was the R 24 motorcycle, introduced in March 1948; it was a developed version of the pre-war R 23 model. Shortages of materials and machinery delayed series production until December 1948, but the sales success of the R 24 then exceeded all expectations, and 9,144 were sold in 1949 alone.
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HISTORY OF BMW
1951 The BMW 501. The first post-war BMW automobile. BMW’s first post-war automobile was the 501, built from 1952 onwards. A large saloon capable of seating up to six people, it was powered by a developed version of the six-cylinder engine used in the prewar BMW 326. As a luxury car, the BMW 501 was not a commercial success, but it none the less restored BMW’s status as a manufacturer of high-quality, technically exciting cars.
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BOOK OF BMW
1959 BMW remains independent. As the 1950s progressed, the position of the company became increasingly precarious. At the end of 1959, Daimler-Benz submitted a restructuring offer for BMW subject to a time limit for acceptance. But small shareholders and the workforce rejected this offer at the Annual General Meeting held on 9 December. Their perseverance and his confidence in the BMW 700 motivated Herbert Quandt to expand his package of shares. After the government provided some temporary financial assistance, BMW was restructured under Quandt’s management in the following year.
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HISTORY OF BMW
1961 The New Class makes a breakthrough. BMW exhibited the 1500 model at the 1961 German Motor Show, and with it penetrated a gap in the market. This was the model that re-established BMW as a successful, modern carmaker. The design of the fourdoor touring car immediately generates excitement, and orders far exceed production capacities. By 1963, the company is able to record a profit once more.
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BOOK OF BMW
1967 New location: the plant group Dingolfing. In the mid-1960s, the BMW Munich plant reached the limit of its capacity. BMW initially drew up plans for the construction of new facilities but then purchased crisis-ridden automotive company Hans Glas GmbH together with its locations in Dingolfing and Landshut. Both sites were restructured and the biggest BMW plant in the world was created at Dingolfing in the subsequent decades.
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HISTORY OF BMW
1969 Motorcycles to Berlin. BMW urgently needed more space at the Munich plant to meet the demands of expanding automobile production. In 1969, production of BMW motorcycles was therefore transferred to Berlin-Spandau. At the start of the 1970s, BMW launched a series of new models. The representatives of the /5 Series were the first BMW motorcycles to be manufactured completely at the Berlin-Spandau facility.
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BOOK OF BMW
1970 The Herbert Quandt Foundation. BMW AG founded the Herbert Quandt Foundation to celebrate the landmark 60th birthday of its major shareholder. It developed into a foundation with an international reputation as a sponsor for transfer of knowledge and experience across the Atlantic. After the Cold War came to an end, the foundation also became an important platform for promotion of understanding between East and West, as well as within an expanded Europe.
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HISTORY OF BMW
1971 BMW Kredit GmbH. BMW Kredit GmbH was set up as a new BMW subsidiary company to provide finance for the company’s own transactions and most importantly for the dealerships. The new company formed the foundation stone for the burgeoning finance and leasing business, which remains a crucial element in the company’s success.
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BOOK OF BMW
1972 BMW starts up in South Africa. The Rosslyn plant near Pretoria, South Africa, was the first foreign location for the modern BMW Group. In 1972, the BMW Board of Management decided to take over the entire facility constructed by the importer and located in Rosslyn, South Africa. This entailed establishing the first production facility outside Germany. Assembly of the Glas 1800 SA started up in 1967 and the BMW 2000 SA followed later on. Following substantial investments, production of vehicles in the BMW 3 Series was launched there at the beginning of 1984
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HISTORY OF BMW
1972 The founding of BMW Motorsport GmbH. In 1972, BMW brings together all of its various motor racing activities within a new wholly owned subsidiary – BMW Motorsport GmbH. With the BMW Motorsport GmbH , BMW lays the foundations for BMW M GmbH. Over the following years, the subsidiary secures countless motorsport successes for BMW, while also being responsible for building particularly sports-focused BMW vehicles.
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BOOK OF BMW
1973 The BMW headquarters and the Museum. Starting in 1970, BMW began to build an administrative tower block in the north of Munich. Its unusual shape soon led to it being described as the “fourcylinder building”, and it is now a notable landmark in the city’s architecture. The BMW Museum was installed next to it in a bowl-shaped building that has remained unique of its kind. The new building complex was officially opened on 18 May 1973.
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HISTORY OF BMW
1985 BMW Technik GmbH. BMW Technik GmbH was established as a think tank free from the constraints of series development. Some of the best BMW designers, engineers and technicians work there away from the routine of everyday operations to develop ideas and concepts for the BMW vehicles of tomorrow. One of the initial major projects of BMW Technik GmbH was the Z1 Roadster, which was produced as a small series in 1988.
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BOOK OF BMW
1990 The BMW Research and Innovation Centre (FIZ) n 1986, BMW brings together all research and development work under one roof at the Forschungs- und Innovationszentrum (Research and Innovation Centre, or FIZ) in Munich. It is the first automotive manufacturer to establish such an institution, which houses around 7,000 scientists, engineers, designers, managers and technicians, working together as part of an integrated team. The facility was officially opened on 27 April 1990. In 2004, the FIZ is expanded with the Projekthaus building. Incorporating the principles of “construction communications”, the development is completed in two years and spans 12,000 m². The nine-storey building offers an open gallery and atrium, and with its offices, studios and meeting rooms, forms the new heart of the FIZ. Today some 9,000 staff work at the FIZ.
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HISTORY OF BMW
1994 BMW goes to the USA. BMW decided to build an automobile production facility in the USA in 1989. This move highlighted its position as a global player. The plant in Spartanburg (South Carolina) was specially designed for production of the BMW Z3 Roadster and opened in 1994. The Z3 was exported from Spartanburg all over the world. The plant expanded its production facilities in the late 1990s, and today the BMW X3, X5 and X6 models are manufactured in Spartanburg.
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BOOK OF BMW
1998 Rolls-Royce comes to BMW. In July 1998, BMW acquires a piece of automotive history. Following long negotiations, the company obtains the brand and naming rights for Rolls-Royce motor cars from Rolls-Royce plc. Rolls-Royce is held entirely by Volkswagen until the end of 2002, when BMW takes on full responsibility for Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, along with all rights. The new Rolls-Royce plant and a new company headquarters are then built in Goodwood, in southern England. This is the sixth facility constructed since 1904, and is scheduled to manufacture newly developed Rolls-Royce models from the start of 2003.
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HISTORY OF BMW
2000 The Eberhard von Kuenheim Foundation. BMW decides to celebrate the 70th birthday of its former Supervisory Board Chairman Eberhard von Kuenheim by establishing a further foundation named after von Kuenheim alongside the Herbert Quandt Foundation. This foundation was designed to enable the mentor of BMW’s success to pursue his objectives: promotion of the concept of free enterprise and the creation of modern elites to meet contemporary requirements.
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BOOK OF BMW
2000 The BMW Group establishes a new trajectory. The realignment of Group strategy in 2000 strengthened the BMW Group and made it fit for the future. From the year 2000, the company resolved to focus solely on the premium segment in the international automobile market with the brands BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. The entire model range was expanded by new series and versions. Alongside the Sports Activity Vehicles in the X Series, the company also developed the first BMW in the premium segment of the compact class with the BMW 1 Series from 2004. The MINI brand was launched in 2001 and BMW took over brand responsibility for RollsRoyce Motor Cars in 2003.
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HISTORY OF BMW
2000 MINI Plant Oxford. In 2000, after the sale of the Rover Group, the modernised Oxford car factory, which has been used since 2001 to build the MINI, remained in BMW’s possession as did the new engine production plant in Hams Hall and the new press shop in Swindon . Initial production forecasts of 100,000 units per annum doubled to more than 230,000 units produced in 2007 owing to high global demand.
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BOOK OF BMW
2001 The MINI – Premium in the small-car segment. First unveiled as a concept car in 1997, the new MINI is launched by the BMW Group in 2001 – the first premium vehicle in the small-car segment. The advanced design combined with the athletic, cheeky character expressed the lifestyle of an entire generation. The MINI Hatch made a start in 2001 – and by 2011 the MINI family had grown to six model versions, with the MINI Convertible, MINI Clubman, MINI Countryman, MINI Coupé and MINI Roadster.
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HISTORY OF BMW
2003 Rolls-Royce Plant Goodwood. In the park of Goodwood House in West Sussex, located on the southern coast of England, the BMW Group opens the new manufacturing site for the production of Rolls-Royce automobiles in 2003. The first model to leave the production halls is the new Rolls-Royce Phantom. Every automobile is individually made.
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BOOK OF BMW
2003 Rolls-Royce Motor Cars launches new Phantom on the market. After intense development work, Rolls-Royce unveils the new Phantom in 2003. It offers a contemporary twist on classic Rolls-Royce design features, such as the brand’s unique proportions, radiator grille, and rear-mounted doors (known as coach doors), and combines these with high-quality materials and state-of-the-art technology. The Phantom fully embodies the traditional values of Rolls-Royce and at the same time symbolises the successful relaunch of the brand. In September 2009, the new Rolls-Royce Ghost heralds the arrival of a second model family. The Ghost offers an authentic, though more informal interpretation of traditional Rolls-Royce values.
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HISTORY OF BMW
2004 The BMW 1 Series – Driving pleasure for the compact class. With the BMW 1 Series, BMW applies the hallmarks of the brand – exceptional driving dynamics and premium quality – to the compact segment. It is the only vehicle in its class to feature a traditional drivetrain setup, with the engine at the front, and the drive at the rear. This system ensures a more even distribution of weight, and improves traction. As such, the BMW 1 Series is unmistakeable as a BMW model, while offering all the benefits of the compact segment.
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BOOK OF BMW
2005 The Leipzig Plant starts up production. In May 2005, the BMW Leipzig plant celebrated its official opening. The plant was designed for daily production of 650 vehicles over the medium term, offering 5,500 jobs when the plant is operating at full capacity. The architectural profile in Leipzig is defined by the central building designed by Zaha Hadid, which was awarded the German Architecture Prize in 2005. The BMW 1 Series and the BMW X1 are manufactured at the BMW Leipzig plant. Production of the BMW i3 will be launched in 2013 as the first series electric car in the BMW Group. The BMW i8 sports car will follow shortly afterwards.
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HISTORY OF BMW
2007 Opening of BMW Welt. The BMW Welt opened on the site to the west of the BMW Tower in October 2007. This forward-looking building designed by Viennese architect’s practice Coop Himmelb(l)au forms the portal for the brand and the delivery centre for BMW automobiles. BMW Welt, the plant tour and the BMW Museum create the ensemble of experience presenting the history, reality and vision of the BMW brand.
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BOOK OF BMW
2007 - Takeover of the Husqvarna brand. In August 2007, BMW Motorrad takes over Husqvarna Motorcycles, a Swedish company whose rich tradition dates back to 1903. As a leading supplier of sporty offroad motorbikes, the firm widens the product range of BMW Group with a host of lightweight machines. The head office, development, production and central sales and marketing organisation of Husqvarna all still reside in the northern Italian region of Varese.
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HISTORY OF BMW
2007 Strategie Number ONE. In autumn 2007, BMW Group adopts the Strategy Number ONE with its four pillars: “Growth”, “Shaping the future”, “Profitability” and “Access to technology and customers”. It aligns the BMW Group with two targets: to be profitable and to enhance long-term value in times of change. The mission statement up to the year 2020 is clearly defined: the BMW Group is the world’s leading provider of premium products and premium services for individual mobility.
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BOOK OF BMW
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BMW MOTORSPORT
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BOOK OF BMW
BMW M1 (1979 - 1981)
While the firtst official product BMW Motorsport was the 3.0 CSL of 1972 the first car to bear the famous letter “M” was Motorsport´s follow-up the M1. Created for the Group 5 FIA Silhouette championship BMW Motorsport GmbH contracted Lamborghini to assemble the M1, with the engines being produced and shipped from Germany. But financial woes led lamborghini to terminate the agreement and BMW reassumed control of the project. The delays prevented Group 5 racing activity, so BMW Motorsport GmbH created the ProCar series as the opening race leading into must European Formula 1, Grand Prix racer in the 1979/1980 season The minimun production requirement for homologation in Motorsport was 400 units. Thus, the BMW M1 racecar also became a very limited edition road car. Demand far outweighed supply: after the first 130 cars were completed, there well still more than 300 firm orders waiting to be fulfilled. The M1 immediately proved to be the fastest road-going sports car in Germany reaching a top speed of 162 mph 50
BMW MOTORSPORT
BMW M6 (1987 - 1988)
The fast revving four-valve straight- six originally featured in the M1 now made its appearance in tme M 635 CSi coupe, while the chassis was based off of the first generatin 6 Series. with a blend of powerful performance and a sweeping, beautiful appearance the M 635 CSi redefined standards for the sporting coupe Its well-balance lines aggressives-looking deep spoilers shark-nose styling inward-sloping radiator, luxury features and quick mimble handling garnered much praise. Unlikes its 6 series counterpart, an M6 features a larger air dam, M6 badges on the grille and back and a subtle spoiler. And thanks to a fourvalve crossflow cylinder head, the M 635 CSi/M6 also offered better breathing at high rpm. Add a BMW Motorsport suspension with stiffer springs and specially tuned shocks, and handling xas sharp and precise
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BOOK OF BMW
BMW M5 (1988)
Populary called a ”Q-car”, the M5 earned this moniker due to its unassuming appearance, which effectively disguised it true identity: Sports sedan segment killer. A refined mid-sized passanger car capable of 150-mph speeds, all while carrying its occupants in total comfort. It used an updated version of the M1 engine with updated electronics, a more performance oriented suspension and specially designed tires In 1988 former Formula 1 champion Niki Lauda took the M5 through trial run on the BMW test track near Munich. Lauda who had driven some of the world´s most elite cars, called the M5 “the best-wrapped M package that BMW has ever produced The M5 was produced for the European market for several years before coming to America in 1988. Production was very limited
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BMW MOTORSPORT
BMW M3 (1988 - 1991)
In 1986, BMW, boss Eberhad Von Kuenheim instructed “engine kind” Paul Rosche to desing a new racing power unit in order to take BMW back to the top in saloon-car racing. Thus, Motorsport GmbH turned its focus from formula 1 racing to touring-car racing. This led to the birth of the BMW M3 a compact twodoor sport saloon representing BMW´s first parallel development in series production and Motorsport the road version required a production run of, 5000 units whitin one year to be recognized as a touring, which the facilities at preussenstrasse were unequipped to handle thus, Motorsport GmbH moved to its second home in Garching near Munich in 1986 The BMW M3 quickly, became the most victorius racing car of all time, recordin 1436 victories in 1628 days, winning national, European and world championchip titles all over the gloves.
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BOOK OF BMW
BMW M5 (1991 - 1993)
Powered by a twin-cam 24 valve inline six motor, the second generation M5 was an evolution of BMW´s famed 5 series. it offered several enhancements from the previus M5 generations, and was the last and most powerful production version of the original M88 engine designed for M1 The engine featured a forged steel crankshaft an revised camshaft that crated better low rpm and mindrange power. The engine also had and improved flywheel, Bosch Motronic fuel injection and three-way ceramic catalysts. Its suspension included a reduction in ride height , firmer spring rates, firmer shock valving and thicker anti-roll bar whit lower-body panels that included a front air dam, side valance and a rear diffuser, not to mention larger-diameter twin exhaust pipes, the styling of the M5 was a striking and unique at its thecnical features. In 1990, Car and Driver named the M5 “best car in the wold” 54
BMW MOTORSPORT
BMW M3 (1995 - 1999)
The second generation of the BMW M3 entered the U.S market in 1995as a brand-new and completly different car. Basedon the highly successful third generation 3 series coupes, its only exterior diferences are a number of refinement, such as the side-sill being completely painted all around and a newly-designed front spoiler The launch also marked the begining of the 6-cylinder´s age with the BMW M3. the capacity was almost 30% greater than its predecessor´s. The new engine proved to be a truly outstanding performer not only of its extra capacity, but also because of its VANOS technology a revolucinary new development by BMW´s engine specialists The new BMW M3 immediately won over customers and the media everywhere earning such accolades as “Car of the year” by American Automobile Magazine.
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BOOK OF BMW
BMW M5 (2000 - 2003)
The third generatin BMW M5 has only subtle esterior changes, left for only the connoisseur to notice; a redesigned front skirt with and estra-large air scoop. wide light-alloy wheels and four tailpipes. Under the hood, the M5 featured and 8-cylinder engine and a continuisly variable double-VANOS, offering the ultimate in power and torque: maximun output is 294 kw (394 hp) and torque peaks at no less than 500 Newton meter. It marked the first time that an M car had been powered biy an 8-cylinder engine. Like its predecessor tne new M5 again featured an ultra-precise and smooth 6-speed manual gearbox Among the first to test the M5 on the roads was Prince Leopld of Bavaria a descendent of the Bavarian monarchy an long-time racing driver. His verdict: “The best M5 of all time... Increible!�
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BMW MOTORSPORT
BMW M3 (2001 - 2006)
At the time of its debut the third generation M´s 3.2 L S54B32 engine had the highest specific output naturally aspirated engine ever mad by BMW. Displacing 3,246 cc, the newly developed engine carried over the high-speed engine concept already well know in Formula 1 to series production in the BMW M3. Now, with the engine rewing at 8,000 rpm, the pistons ran at a speed of more than 66 feet a second, almost as fast as the pistons on a formula 1 power unit. No other engine in the market could offer this kind of power and performance With the introdution of this new M3, BMW GmbH also made the Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) a standar featured of the car. However, the system had to be modified from the regular 3 Series because of the enormous powe and performance offered by the M3. The new variable M Differentiall Lock offered a decisive improvement of traction even in the most demanding situation. And an extra-large high-performance brake system
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BOOK OF BMW
BMW M5 (2006 - 2010)
Technological innovations are numerous in this lastes M5, one of the most advance M vehicle ever built introduced in 2006, ths vehicle showcases several Formula 1 inspired engine and transmission contols such as launch contol, dynamic stability control, and steering column-mounted shift paddles It also features a unique “power” button and the steering wheel labeled “M” which provides the driver access to the three separate modes: P400, which limited the engine to 400 bhp ; P500 which uncorks the full 507 bhp for maximun peerformance, and P500S, which offers full power with a sharped throttle response This vehicle is also the first M model to have an engine designed specifically for use in an M car, featuring and incledible high-revving rear-wheel scorching 5.0 liter, 507 bhp, V-10 S85 that redlines at 8250 rpm beneath the hood.
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BMW MOTORSPORT
BMW M6 (2007 - 2010)
Intense, exhilarating power. athletic, elegance and innovative technologies, eye-opening performance and supreme comfort. All of these features combined to create the M6, first introduced in 2004 Whith a high- revving V-10 naturally-aspirated engine capable of rocketing to 62 mph in just 4.6 seconds, the M6 offered breathtaking acceleration and Formula 1 levels of performance. In fact, after removing the rev limiter, a driver in Germany achieved a top speed of 211.27 mph on the autobahn. This incredible rate of velocity was verified by a WAAS-enabled GPS Like the M5, the M6 has the same “power button which altered throttle response at the driver´s discretion. Engaging the button unleashed the M6´s full 500 hp from its standard 399hp. Thank to carbonfiber body parts, this vehicle weighed in at 3,770 lbs. and offered superior handling as a result
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BOOK OF BMW
BMW M3 (2008)
Redesigned down to the last detail and armed with a low-weigh, 8-cylinder power unit the fourth-generation M3 redefines exhilaration and raises the bar for all high-performance sport car Every part of the V-8 naturally-aspirated engine was perfectly designed to provide breathtaking torque of up to 8400 rpm.The ultra-light throttle valves weight less than an ounce, maximize the cylinder charding and thus the torque. The M differential lock optimizes handling to deliver hight levels of spontaneous performance and responsiveness The roof constructed from carbon-fiber reinforced plastic reduce weight and significantly lowers the center of gravity while the consistent use of lightweight materials and near-perfect 50:50 weight distribution between the front and rear axles guarantees perfect handling and outstanding driving dynamic even in the tightest of bens
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BMW MOTORSPORT
BMW 1 Series M Coupe (2011) Ferocious power and impressive style come together n the all-new 1 Series M Coupe. The powerful BMW M TwinPower Turbo inline six-cylinder engine boasts 335-hp and 332 lb-ft of torque and takes you from 0-60 mph in an astonishing 4.7 seconds. Near perfect 50/50 weight distribution and an intelligent lightweight chassis ensure its incredible agiity. And its powerful, racing-inspired esterior design makes a statement every time it is on the road
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BOOK OF BMW
BMW M5 Sedan (2013) the power of the all-new BMW M5 cannot be contained. the proof is in the M TwinPower Turbo V8 engine that revs 560 horse and acceleraltes from 0 to 60 in 4.3 seconds. But just because it was born for the track, doesn´t mean it`s not a smooth drive. The driving dynamics keep every move on the road precise and controlled. As for the exterior, it was designed to be just the right mix of elegant and athletic
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TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY EXPLORE 40 YEARS OF INNOVATION ActiveE
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BOOK OF BMW
1969 - BMW1602
BMW´s pursuit of electromobility in 1969 with the electric BMW 1602, used during the 1972 Olympics in Munich. Along with a variety of prototypes and test st ups, the BMW 1602 provided invaluable experience that would undoubtedly influence the next four decades of research
1991 - BMW E1
With the introductin of BMW E1 in 1991, this experimental vehicle was used to explore the benefits and disadvantage of a newly conceived electric drive. As time pushed fordward so did technological advancement. By in 2004, the advent of lithium-ion battery technology allowed electric drive to become truly viable: the new batteries already proven usables in laptos, solved the age-old issues of cycle stability and load resistance 64
TECHNOLOGY
2007 - project i
In 2007, BMW created the “proect i”think tank to futher investigate and develop sustainable solution of the practical needs of future drivers. As a subset of modern design and electromobility, it has become the driving force behind BMW´s transformation of modern automotive - a groudbreaking effort
2009 - MiNI E
The first phase of the project i initiative started with the MINI E field field trail in 2009. With more than 600 MINI E vehicles. The BMW Group launched one of the largest test fleets of electric cars to the public. After its conclusion in 2011 in-depth used-generated research shaped the development of the next all-electric model the BMW ActiveE while providing insight into the everyday use of an EV and the EV lifestyle 65
BOOK OF BMW
2012 - ActiveE
The second phase of project i began in late 2010, with the global announcement of the BMW ActiveE the first vehicle that´s both 100% electrical and 100% BMW. This current field trail builds on the success of the MINI E program and will lead to the launch of the purpose-designed BMW i3 in 2013 As a milestone for BMW EfficientDynamic, the BMW ActiveE achieves emission free mobility without compromising trademark performance or BMW style. the body style of the vehicle is based on the everpopular 1 series coupe The field trial began in Jenuary 2012 when the first of 700 drivers, the BMW electronauts started to hit the road in their all-electric vehicles
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2013 - BMW i3
In megacities across the word, a need has arisen for a new kind of sustainable and personal type of mobility that works on a numbers of levels. As a visionary concept, the BMW i3 wil feed from the end result of the BMW ActiveE field trial to feature minimal environmental impact and a comfortable driving experience even going so far as to seamlessly integrate personal mobility whithin a wider public transportation system Featuring lightweight construction intuitive display, it will be the first 100% electric BMW avaible for mass production and distribution
2014 - BMW i8 As a future icon of progress, BMW i8 will continue the work of its predecessor by reinvigorating the performance of a sports car with truly unrivaled efficiency . The result superior driving
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AS a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), the BMW i8 combines the best of all worlds: it lets you experience the exhilarating drive of EV with zero emissions for everyday use. And with a CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) body for added weight reduction and enhanced aerodynamic, you can enjoy every powerpacked moment with a clear conscience
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TECHNOLOGY
auto start-stop
THE IDEA IS SIMPLE: WHEN YOU STOP, SO WILL YOUR ENGINE. Red lights, long trains, traffic jams, road work. There are countless instances when your engine unnecessarily uses fuel while your vehicle is not in motion. With the intelligent Auto Start-Stop function-an innovation developed as part of BMW EfficientDynamics-your BMW is designed to not only reduce fuel consumption, but also lower emissions so your engine can automatically turn off when it’s not needed, and restart when it is. Auto Start-Stop is managed by a central control unit that monitors the battery. To ensure passenger comfort and safety, Auto StartStop is only active when certain conditions are met. These include, but are not limited to: - An adequately charged battery - An engine at the ideal operating temperature - Fully closed doors - Fastened seatbelts
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XDrive xDrive offers all-wheel drive peace of mind. Unlike other all-wheel drive systems, we’ve built xDrive, BMW’s intelligent all-wheel drive system with rear-wheel bias for surefooted grip on slick or uneven roads, without sacrificing the feel of rear-wheel drive. It smartly sends power to the wheel or wheels with the surest footing—and it does so in milliseconds. That means under normal conditions, drive forces are spread out with a rear-wheel bias. But the moment the system senses excessive wheel slip, it subtly shifts torque to meet the changing conditions, offering maximum available traction and superior handling on all surfaces—despite the weather conditions.
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BMW ConnectedDrive Blind Spot Detection Sometimes people come out of nowhere. So, warning signals blink on the appropriate side-view mirror and the steering wheel vibrates—all to let you know when a vehicle is in your blind spot.
Active Cruise Control A radar sensor measures the distance between you and the vehicle ahead, tells you which lane it’s in, and then automatically reduces your speed to keep you safe. All of which makes for a smoother road trip.
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Automatic Highbeams The headlights dim automatically when there is oncoming traffic, so it’s one less thing you have to think about
HEAD-UP DISLAY driver information Essential driving information, such as current speed, lane changes and collision warnings, are projected through the windshield in your direct field of vision to keep your eyes where they belong—on the road.
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BMW ART CAR COLLECTION
BMW ART CAR COLLECTION
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BOOK OF BMW
BMW Art Cars Since 1975, artists from throughout the world have turned BMW automobiles into art signifying a particular period through the Art Car program. In 2007, the latest installment was revealed with Olafur Eliasson’s “Your mobile expectations: BMW H2R project.” Many of the cars by the likes of Warhol, Lichtenstein, Stella, Rauschenberg, Hockney and Holzer have been exhibited in renowned museums throughout the world including the Louvre, the Guggenheim Museums, and the Shanghai Art Museum. They have been displayed at the BMW Museum in Munich, between 2006 and 2010 and many went on a world tour throughout Asia, Russia, Africa, India, the United States and Mexico. The Koons car number, “79,” pays tribute to the 1979 Andy Warhol car. The Warhol car was assigned the number “76,” an homage to the 1976 Frank Stella car, both of which raced at Le Mans. The home of all BMW Art Cars is the BMW Museum in Munich. Starting in September, Koons’ 17th BMW Art Car will be presented there together with some of its predecessors.
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BMW art cars Alexander Calder 1975 Created by American sculptor Alexander Calder for his friend Herve Poulain, the BMW 3.0 CSL became the first piece of art of an exclusive and unique collection: the BMW art cars. Calder’s design of the BMW 3.0 CSL race car was the first Art Car ever and one of his last works of art before he died in 1976. Calder’s friend, Herve Poulain, a French auctioneer and race driver, asked him to commission a rolling canvas on the BMW 3.0 CSL he would race at Le Mans 24 Hours race. An engineer and sculptor, Calder’s challenge was creating his own “artistic stamp” on something that he did not produce and sculpt himself. His rendition of the 1975 BMW 3.0 CSL Art Car boasts powerful colors and attractive curving expanses, which he applied generously to the wings, hood and roof. Calder saw his art in action when he attended the Le Mans 24hour race as a guest to witness his work’s premiere.
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BMW art cars Frank Stella 1976
The second Bmw Art Car was created by Frank Stella, an American artist and a passionate motor racing fan, who used a black and white square grid pattern taking inspiration from the technical graph-paper. In 1976 Frank Stella, an American artist and a passionate motor racing fan was commissioned to create the second Bmw Art Car: a BMW 3.0 CSL coupÊ. During his BMW Art Car conception, the American artist switched gears from his usual random style of painting and sought inspiration for the vehicle’s technical aura. The result: a black and white square quid with an evenness and precision reminiscent of oversized graph paper. Within this grid, pattern-like, dotted lines run across the bodywork, suggesting that Stella may have wished to cut out the car and reassemble it in a new shape.
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The grid pattern - a feature of both Stella’s earlier and later creative period - is often used by him as a kind of stage upon which a painted drama takes place. By way of contrast, the paintwork he created specially for the Le Mans race is not a stage, but the action itself.
BMW art cars Roy Lichtenstein 1977
In 1977 Roy Lichtenstein turned a BMW 320i into a piece of his art that was driven by Poulain and Mignot at Le Mans 24-hour race and finished 9th overall and first in class. When Lichtenstein was drafting his Art Car, he spent a long time thinking about all the things that happen to a car. The result of this critical examination of the car is an amazing blend of aerodynamic qualities on the one hand and artistic skill on the other.
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When Lichtenstein created the third BMW Art Car, he said he used “painted lines as a road, pointing the way for the car. The design also shows the scenery as it passes by. Even the sky and sunlight are to been seen....you could list all the things a car experiences - the only difference is that this car mirrors all these things even before it takes to the road .” Taking a closer look, the car’s design casts a picture of passing scenery in which both the car and its movement are one single entity. And although Lichtenstein’s comic art was already a thing of the past by then, his Art Car is clearly influenced by it: the long-drawn colored strips act as “speedlines” - a feature used in comics to suggest speed.
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BMW art cars Andy Warhol 1979 The fourth Bmw Art Car, a BMW M1, was created in 1977 by the Pop Art legend Andy Warhol who, unlike the previous artists, worked directly on the full-scale vehicle and painted the car himself. For Andy Warhol to paint an automobile seems natural. His studio was known as a factory and his greatest fame came from portraying Campbell’s Soup cans. Warhol explained the sweeping strokes of his car, “I tried to portray speed pictorially. If a car is moving really quickly, all the lines and colors are blurred.” All previous Art Car artists created their designs on 1:5 scale models, called maquettes, and had technicians reproduce their designs on the real cars. Warhol insisted on painting the real M1 himself. He is reported to have spent all of 23 minutes painting the car. He ran his fingers through the paint to leave a personal touch. When asked if he was pleased with the end result, he replied, “I love the car; it’s better than the work of art itself.”
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BMW art cars Ernst Fuchs 1982 In 1982 Austrian painter Ernst Fuchs created the fifth Bmw Art Car, a 635 CSi. He took his inspiration from a dream he had when he was 5 years old. On the subject of his work, he says: “In the painting, I gave expression to various experiences, fears, desires and implorations, but also to free artistic creation. I call this car ‘Firefox on Harehunt’. It represents a hare racing across a motorway at night and leaping over a burning car the - primeval fear and bold dream of surmounting a dimension in which we live. It tells me its colors, I read them in its lines and shape, I hear its speedy call and can already see the handsome hare leaping through flames of love, driving away fears.”
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BMW art cars R. Rauschenberg 1986 The Rauschenberg BMW 635 CSI Art Car - the sixth addition to BMW’s collection of 15 Art Cars - is the first in which the artist used photographic methods to transfer images (including images of famous classical paintings) to the car. Rauschenberg extended his use of Art Car motifs in his six-part, 1988 “Beamer” series - presented as transparent films on enameled aluminum and using his trademark collage techniques. The paintings will be offered for sale from the artist’s private collection. The Rauschenberg car made its first appearance in 1986 at the BMW Gallery on Park Avenue in New York City, and in 1988 made its European debut in West Berlin. Since then it has been exhibited across Europe and was a centerpiece of the acclaimed 1997 Rauschenberg retrospective at the Guggenheim Museum in New York City.
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BMW art cars M.J. Nelson 1989 After seven days of tireless work, the Australian artist, Michael Jagamara Nelson, transformed “his” black BMW M3 from the Motorsport section of BMW Australia into a masterpiece of Papunya art. A draft whose geometric shapes appear deceptively abstract: those familiar with Australian mythology will recognize kangaroos or emus. Papunya paintings, like those of Michael Jagamara Nelson, can be understood as aerial views of landscapes. They feature diverse forms symbolizing water, caves, men and animals - and simultaneously embody religious myths (“dreamings”) which have been handed down from one Aboriginal generation to the next in the form of rock and cave paintings for thousands of years.
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BMW art cars Ken Done 1989 Ken Done had definite ideas from the very first moment as how to decorate the BMW M3 the Australian BMW Motorsport department gave him. On the one hand, it was to express something of the fascination, which this high-performance vehicle held for him. On the other, it had to be typically Australian and reflect the vitality of his home continent. Done therefore decided to go for exotic colors and paint parrots and parrot fish. Animals that in his eyes particularly share two characteristics with the BMW M3: beauty and speed. The result is as appealing as it is original: Done’s Art Car symbolizes both immense dynamism and mysterious exoticism at the same time.
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BMW art cars Matazo Kayama 1990 In the design of the BMW 535i, Matazo Kayama wanted on the one hand to express his fascination with BMW technology and on the other evoke vivid associations with modern Japan. He reverted to his earlier theme “Snow, Moon and Flowers”, but painted it in a totally new way using an airbrush. To highlight the contrast and to emphasize the elegant quality of the car, Kayama sprayed fine blue shadows on parts of the silver bodywork and then used classical Japanese techniques in the second phase such as “Kirigane” (metal cutting) and “Arare” (foil impression). He cut out small pieces of silver, gold and aluminum foil individually and transferred them to the bodywork.
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BMW art cars Cesar Manrique 1990 Cesar Manrique had a clear point of view on the design of the BMW 730i: in his eyes, the automobile s an indispensable feature of daily life; it greatly influences the way we see the world around us. It’s no surprise, then, that the artistic examination of the car suggested itself to him. When designing the car, Manrique particularly wanted to “combine the notions of speed and aerodynamics with the concept of aesthetic appeal in one object.” And he succeeded: glowing colors and broad, sweeping strokes which blend into the outlines of the car are suggestive of effortless gliding and graceful movement.
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BMW art cars A.R. Penck 1991 For A.R. Penck, the BMW Z1 was already a “work of art�, in which the creativity and fantasy of the engineer and designer were reflected. An automobile then which simultaneously lives up to the name Art Car in several senses. And it was from the technical design of the Z1 that Penck drew his inspiration for his work. The artist set the modern appearance of the car in contrast with the sign language, which in its simplicity recalls prehistoric cave paintings. However, it is at the same time a challenge to the observer, as the apparently straightforward symbols, evolved by a long process of abstraction, are in fact ciphers to be decoded.
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BMW art cars Esther Mahlangu 1991 “My art has evolved from the tribal tradition of decorating our homes”, said the South African painter Esther Mahlangu of her work. With the painting of the BMW 525i, she wanted to link this handed-down art form to the modern appearance of the automobile. A challenge that Mahlangu mastered outstandingly with the creation of the first African Art Car. In order to get a feeling for the completely new medium, the artist first of all painted the door of another BMW, before she ventured to create “her” Art Car. Within a week, she transformed the 5 Series saloon into a masterpiece of African Ndebele art - and established herself as the first woman in the list of international Art Car artists.
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BMW art cars Sandro Chia 1992 “Paint me, paint me!” these are the words the surface of the BMW called to him, said Sandro Chia on his first meeting with the prototype of a 3 Series racing touring car. So he painted faces and a sea of vivid colors until the bodywork of the car was completely covered.” The automobile is a sought-after possession in society”, reflected Chia when he had finished his work. “All eyes are upon it. People look closely at cars. This car reflects their gaze.” The design of the 13th BMW Art Car was not Chia’s first artistic adventure with an automobile: as a child, he drew graffiti on cars.
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BMW art cars David Hockney 1995 “BMW gave me the model of the car and I kept looking at it and looking at it”, says David Hockney on the creation process of his BMW Art Car. “And then, I must admit, I also looked at the other Art Cars. In the end I thought, probably it would be good to perhaps show the car so you could be looking inside it. “To turn his idea into reality, Hockney took several months and allowed the inside of the BMW 850 CSi to be outwardly visible. Stylized intake manifolds of the engine appear on the hood, and the silhouette of the driver can be seen on the door. And you don’t just see the inside of the car, but also excerpts of an abstract landscape. Because “traveling around in a car means experiencing landscapes”, says Hockney, “which is one of the reasons why I chose green as a color.”
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BMW art cars Jenny Holzer 1999 The American concept artist, Jenny Holzer, has covered the 15th Art Car, a BMW V12 LMR, with surprising messages - messages that she says “will probably never lose their relevance”. The expression of her concept is based on traditional features, colours and graphics of the racing car design. Chrome letters made of reflecting metal foil, outlined with phosphorescent colour, give the text an almost magic light effect. What is crucial for the perception of her word art is the context in which it is presented. “Protect me from what I want” - seen against the backdrop of the most spectacular car race in the world, with its battle for places and prestige, the word artist’s plea for survival gains a whole new meaning. “You are so complex you don’t respond to danger” - a provocation that could not have been put better when referring to the world of motor racing. Jenny Holzer’s V12 LMR takes the BMW Art Car idea back to its roots: Le Mans.
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BMW art cars Olafur Eliasson 2007 Munich/Berlin/San Francisco. From September 8, 2007 through January 13, 2008, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) will present the exhibition Your tempo: Olafur Eliasson. Organized by Henry Urbach, SFMOMA’s Helen Hilton Raiser Curator of Architecture and Design, this special exhibition marks the first public presentation and only U.S. engagement of Your mobile expectations: BMW H2R project, 2007, a new work by contemporary artist Olafur Eliasson created in conjunction with BMW’s Art Car program. Eliasson’s project transforms an object of advanced industrial design into a work of art that critically and poetically reflects on the relationship between global warming and the automotive industry. The BMW H2R race car, a hydrogen-powered vehicle, was developed to attain speed records while pursuing a sustainable future based on the use of regenerative fuel. Eliasson has removed the car’s outer shell and replaced it with a complex, translucent skin made of steel mesh, reflective steel panels, and many layers of ice.
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BMW art cars Robin Rhode 2009 Imagine a canvas nearly as large as a football field. On it bold, swirling shapes in primary colors like red, yellow and blue. As the eye uncovers the rhythm of the lines, curves, circles and color splotches, something else is revealed: these forms must have been created by tire treads! A work of art like no other, created by an artist like no other - the new BMW Z4 Roadster. Over the years BMW has offered great contemporary artists the chance to express themselves on the surfaces of a variety of the marque´s sports cars. However, the art performance created by the young South-African Robin Rhode daringly moves beyond the concept behind the BMW Art Car Collection. Here the car is no longer just a stunning model, but itself executing artist. “This work is an expression of painting in action - my hope is to communicate the power and thrill inherent in the creation of art”, says Rhode. “For me, the use of an untraditional paintbrush like a high performance car is a great way to investigate the relationship between emotion, technology and industrial creativity.”
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BMW art cars Jeff Koons 2010 At the premiere of the 17th BMW Art Car Jeff Koons unveiled and signed his car in front of 300 international VIP guests on June 1 in the Centre Pompidou, one of the world’s most prestigious cultural institutions for modern and contemporary art. It is the same place where Roy Lichtenstein back in 1977 first presented and signed his Art Car. In the spirit of Calder, Stella, Lichtenstein, Warhol, BMW announced this year that the 17th Art Car created by Jeff Koons will race where the first rolling pieces of art by legendary artists raced – at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in France on June 12-13, 2010. Koons’ canvas is a BMW M3 GT2, which was homologated to compete at this year’s running of the world’s most famous endurance race.
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CONCEPT VEHICLES
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CONCEPT VEHICLE
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BMW I3 Arriving in major urban areas in 2013, the four-seat BMW i3 Concept is fully driven by electricity, boasts an astounding 0-62 mph time of less than 8 seconds* and features transparent roof and side panels to show off its carbon-fiber passenger compartment.
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BMW I8 The BMW i8 Concept has the heart of a plug-in hybrid and the soul of a sports car. This high performance plug-in hybrid coupe boasts astonishing fuel efficiency and can take you soaring from 0 to 62 mph in a mere 4.6 seconds.*
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BMW I8 SPYDER The third BMW i model takes cutting-edge technology even further with the introduction of the i8 Concept Spyder. This open-top two-seater combines the aesthetics of a sports car with the efficiency of a plug-in hybrid, all without sacrificing any power. And it certainly shows with a 0–62mph time of a mere 5 seconds.
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BMW 328 HOMAGE The BMW 328 is turning 75, BMW recently paid tribute with a special model. The BMW 328 Homage translates the original design and gives a loose interpretation of what it may look like if it had been designed in the present day.
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BMW GINA Featuring a truly unique outer skin made entirely of textile fabric, BMW’s futuristic design study challenges conventional thinking of car development and production. The innovative vehicle is on display in the BMW Museum in Munich.
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