Serving a Nationa | The Reality of Military Conscription by edudrift

PUBLIC SPEAKING & DEBATE | JUNIOR CLASS

SERVING A NATION THE REALITY OF MILITARY CONSCRIPTION

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES Last Week Skills We Learnt Last Week Learning Facts: The Crisis of Homelessness 1

Lots of people don’t have a safe, stable and adequate place to live. Homelessness can look like different things, it doesn’t just mean people on the street

Public Speaking Skills: Compelling Introductions 2

Integrating what we’ve learned about relevant, urgency, and background information into our Building Blocks speech method

Analysing Policy 3

How should we use limited funds to create effective housing policies?

This Week Key Skill: Changing Tones

Learning to speak rhetorically in different styles

SYMBOL OBJECTIVES:

Learn a special skill

Activity time

Key takeaway

* Explain words

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WARM UP

You Run the World!

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Warm Up Activity: You Run the World!

FREE FOODS

If I ran the world,

every single person would have access to free food so that we can end world hunger. We’d also make lying illegal, so that everyone has to be honest with the people they love and no one would be tricked any more

Tell Us: Is there something you would give everyone access to? Is there something you would stop people from doing?

Time

Rules If you were in charge of the whole world, what changes would you make?

1 Min (Prep)

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PART 1 The Military and Conscription

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What is the military, and what does being in the military look like? MODULE BY

Learning Facts The military is a group of people who are trained to protect their country and its citizens*. They are organized and led by the government, and they use weapons and special skills to defend their country against any threats, like other countries that might want to harm them. They also help during disasters, like floods or earthquakes, by providing assistance and support to those in need. The military is often separated into different branches: 1.

Army

Navy

protect the land using tanks, artillery*, and other weapons

protect the seas using ships, submarines, and aircraft carriers

Air Force

Marines

protect the sky using fighter jets and bombers

special soldiers trained to fight on sea or land

There are lots of different ways a country needs to be protected, which is why there are different branches of the military

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Not all people in the military are fighting with guns!

Jobs in the military can look like lots of different things: it’s not just fighting in a war with guns!

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There are lots of other jobs people are given, including: 1.

Intelligence

Medical

linguists*, and cryptologic technicians* and spies

doctors, nurses and medics on the front lines

Communications

Logistics

radio operators and cybersecurity* specialists

supply chain management and transportation

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ACTIVITY

What’s Your Duty?

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Activity: What’s Your Duty?

You are going to serve in the military. You get to pitch to your recruitment officer where you want to be placed. You have to tell them: 1. What division you want to be placed in: Army

Navy

Airforce

Marines

2. What assignment you want: Soldier

Intelligence

Medical

Communications

Logistics

3. TWO reasons why you are best suited to this skill

When thinking about why you would be best for that role, you may want to think about: 1. What you enjoy the most 2. What your special skills are 3. Where you want to be placed

Time

5 Mins (Preparation) // 1-2 Mins (Speaking)

Analysis Provide reasoning for why one type of military is preferable to the other

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ACTIVITY

What’s Your Duty?

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Feedback Time!

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How do you join the military? Learning Facts

Option One: Enlisting This involves signing up by choice.

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Meet with a recruiter* to express interest

Take a skills assessment test to determine which role they would be best suited for

Take a physical test to determine whether they are fit and healthy enough

Officially sign up and start training

Option Two: Conscription This involves being forced to go into military service, whether you sign up or not.

Eligibility: the government will decide who they want to fight in the war. They might need people to be healthy and strong enough

Registration: people who are eligible are required to go to the military and give their information

Selection: they might not need everyone who is eligible, so they make pick by lottery or skills

Training: learning how to play their part

Assignment: people are sent off to the stations where they will be serving the military. This might be within their own country, or in another

While lots of countries only allow you to volunteer to work for the military, in some countries they need more recruits than there are people interested. When this happens, they have to conscript people to force them to join the military

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Why Does Conscription Happen? When assessing the world around us, we start with the assumption that everyone has freedom of choice. This is a human right. Human right: human rights are special rules that are made to protect all people, like freedom of speech, the right to life or the right to education. Human rights are based on the idea that every person is valuable and deserves to be treated with dignity and respect, no matter who they are or where they come from.

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Philosophical Questions: Exceptions to Human Rights

Why do we have freedom of choice? People are a lot happier when they have the ability to do what they want. We make different choices every day: what we eat, what career we want, or what religion we follow. We respect people to make their own choices, because they have the best idea of what will be the right choice for them.

When do we override freedom of choice? There are two reasons that we might override someone’s freedom of choice: 1.

When they are not able to know what’s best for themselves: they might be too young to have proper rational thinking skills, or they might be pressured to make that decision When the choices they make cause harm to others: our choices often affect the people around us, and we need to make sure that we’re not putting other people in danger or affecting their happiness.

Super Quick Activity: Freedom to Choose? Let’s have a class discussion about whether these people in the examples should be allowed to make these choices.

Sally’s favourite colour is purple, so she wants to wear purple to her work everyday

Sally’s favourite colour is purple, so she wants everyone at work to wear only purple as well and buy a whole new wardrobe of purple clothes

Kevin wants to eat fast food every day

Kevin is a dad, responsible for feeding his family. He can’t be bothered to cook, so he wants himself and his kids to eat fast food every day

Minju is angry with her brother. She wants to choose to smack him on the head

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What does that look like in terms of the military?

To help protect the country from any potential enemies who might want to harm it. Sometimes countries go to war Justification*: not defending your country would lead to the suffering of other

2. To help maintain peace and security in the world Sometimes countries or violent groups violate international human rights, which are things that all nations agree are bad. If this is the case, sometimes different countries from across the world enter the conflict to prevent these abuses

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People normally hav join the military. Som overridden by the g danger.

ve the right to choose not to metimes, this right can be government if others are in

Discuss:

Do you think one of these justifications is better than the other? SERVING A NATION

CASE STUDY 1: ISRAEL

Applying Facts to the Real World

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Israel is a country located in a part of the world called the Middle East. For a long time, there has been conflict between different groups of people in the region, including Israelis* and Palestinians*. Reasons for potential conflict: 1.

There is a long-standing conflict between Israel and some of its neighbours. This conflict started many years ago and has continued for a long time. Some people in the region feel that Israel has taken land that rightfully belongs to them, and that Israel's actions have caused harm to them and their families.

Another reason is because Israel is a Jewish state in a region where many people are Muslim or belong to other religions. This has caused tensions* between Israel and some of its neighbours, who feel that Israel does not belong in the region or that its existence threatens their way of life.

Conscription policy: Israel has a policy of mandatory* military service, which means that all Jewish citizens who reach the age of 18 are required to serve in the military. This is because Israel sees its military as an important part of its national identity and its way of protecting its people. Women are also required to serve, but they can choose to serve in non-combat* roles.

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CASE STUDY 2: SOUTH KOREA

Applying Facts to the Real World

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In South Korea, military conscription exists because the country is technically still at war with its northern neighbour, North Korea. 1.

North Korea and South Korea fought a war many years ago and the war never officially ended. The war ended in a ceasefire*, which means that while the fighting stopped, there was no peace treaty signed.

North Korea is a communist country, which means that the government controls everything, including the media and the economy. South Korea is a democratic country, which means that people have more freedom to choose their leaders and to express their opinions.

North Korea has also developed nuclear weapons, which has caused concerns among its neighbours and the international community. South Korea and other countries have tried to persuade North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons program, but so far, North Korea has not agreed to do so.

Conscription policy:

Every able-bodied South Korean man between the ages of 18 and 28 is required to serve in the military for about two years. This means that they must leave their homes, jobs, and families for a period of time to undergo military training and serve in the armed forces. South Korea sees its military as an important part of its national security and takes the threat from North Korea very seriously.

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ACTIVITY

Watch Your Tone! (Part 1)

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Activity: Watch Your Tone!

Rhetorical Speaking

You will be given a sentence you have to say, and two different emotions you have to express while saying it. You need to show the first emotion the first time, and then switch emotions for the second time. We will go around in a circle - everyone gets a chance to say every quote, and show their emotions! Example: “I want to go outside” Emotion 1: Excited Emotion 2: Angry

I want to go outside :D

I want to go outside!!!

Sentence #1

Sentence #2

Sentence #3

“What’s that odd shape over there in the dark?”

"I can't believe you did that."

“What do you want?”

1. Excited 2. Scared

1. Shocked 2. Angry

1. Curious 2. Frustrated

Time

7.5 Minutes for Part 1 // 15 Minutes for Part 1 and 2

Rules Show and express two different emotions alternatively while saying the sentence given above. The order of speaking is determined based on the rotation so that everyone gets a chance to say every quote, and show their emotions!

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ACTIVITY

Watch Your Tone! (Part 2)

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Activity: Watch Your Tone - Part 2

Now, let’s apply different emotions to these phrases about war and conscription! Phrase

Tone/ Emotion

"People should never be forced into a war they don’t want to fight!"

Angry

"Sometimes, everyone has to do their military duty, even if it means getting into danger."

Passionate

"The military can be an exciting place to learn new skills, including medicine and intelligence!"

Happy

Time

7.5 Minutes for Part 2 // 15 Minutes for Part 1 and 2

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SPEECH PRACTICE

You will deliver a speech on one of the phrases below, using one of the listed emotions. Choose a phrase you would like to give a speech about, and then apply your speech building blocks: 1. Introduction 2. Reason 1 3. Reason 2 4. Conclusion

Activity: Speech Practice

Delivering a Speech With Emotions

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Phrases to choose from:

“I believe that people should never be forced to fight for their country.”

“People have a duty to protect their fellow citizens from danger, which is why they should have to sign up for the military.”

“I think the most important people in the military are the soldiers that fight on the front lines”

“I think the most important people in the military are the people behind the scenes.”

“Powerful countries have a duty to protect people in other countries from around the world when their rights are being abused”

“Countries should never send the military into wars that don’t involve them."

Emotions to choose from: A

Angry

Sad

Happy

Passionate

Time

10 Mins (Preparation) // 1-2 Mins (Speaking)

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ACTIVITY

Speech Practice

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Feedback Time!

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RECAP What We Have Learned Today

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Recap

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Different Roles in the Military Intelligence: linguists, and cryptologic technicians and spies Medical: doctors, nurses and medics on the front lines Communications: radio operators and cybersecurity specialists Logistics: supply chain management and transportation

Enlistment vs Conscription While lots of countries only allow you to volunteer to work for the military, in some countries they need more recruits than there are people interested. When this happens, they have to conscript people to force them to join the military

The Right to Free Choice People are a lot happier when they have the ability to do what they want. We trust them to know themselves and what they want best.

We Override Free Choice When When they are not able to know what’s best for themselves When the choices they make cause harm to others

In the context of conscription, people should not be able to refuse miltary service when doing so would put their country and fellow citizens in danger. Case Study 1: Israel Case Study 2: South Korea Special Skill: applying different tones in our speeches Other Skills: Learning facts: what military conscription is Philosophical thinking

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THANK YOU! EXCITED TO SEE YOU ALL NEXT WEEK!