APSI 2018 AP Physics 1: Chapter 3.1

Page 1

3.1  Motion in a Circle Warm Up Imagine you are swinging a tin can on a string in a circle above your head as shown in the diagram. Suddenly, the string breaks! Draw on the diagram the direction in which the can will move.

In a previous course, you may have solved problems involving the force of gravity and 

Gravity and Motion the acceleration due to gravity ( g ). You assumed g remains constant as a body falls from a height, and you considered many situations, most of which happened on or near the surface of Earth. Here are some questions you should be able to answer after you study this chapter:  • Is g the same for a satellite orbiting Earth several hundred kilometres above the surface as it is at Earth’s surface? • Does Earth exert a force of gravity on the Moon? • Why does the Moon not “fall down” to Earth?

The force that keeps you firmly attached to this planet is the type of force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun. The force of gravity exists between any two masses in the universe. All the planets orbit the Sun in elliptical orbits. Satellites (both artificial and our Moon) orbit Earth in elliptical paths. The ellipses are usually very close to being circular, however, so we begin our study of gravity by learning about objects moving in circular paths.

Uniform Circular Motion

Imagine you are driving a car around a circular track, maintaining the same speed all the way around the track. Any object that moves in a circle at steady speed is said to be in uniform circular motion. Is such an object accelerating? It may seem to have zero acceleration, but in fact an object moving in a circle has a constant acceleration  not because of a change in speed, but because of its constantly changing direction. Remember: acceleration is defined as change in velocity divided by change in time, and velocity is a vector quantity. ! ! Δv a= Δt

154  Chapter 3 Circular Motion and Gravitation

© Edvantage Interactive 2017


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.