Period 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
3
2.1
Group 1
H 2 1.5
Be
lithium beryllium 6.94 9.01 0.9 12 1.2
Li
hydrogen 1.01 1.0 4
11
Na Mg Ca
sodium magnesium 22.99 24.31 0.8 20 1.0 19
K Sr
potassium calcium 39.10 40.08 0.8 38 1.0 37
Rb Ba
rubidium strontium 85.47 87.62 0.7 56 0.9 55
Cs Fr radium 226.03
Ra
cesium barium 132.91 137.33 0.7 88 0.9 87
francium [223]
7
6
1.5 23
B
1.6 24
7 1.5 26
8 1.8 27
Solid Gas
Liquid
Synthetic
Ni
10
11 1.9 30
Cu
1.8 29
Based on carbon-12
1.8 28
Co
9
Periodic Table of Elements
1.6 25
Transition Elements
2.0 electronegativity
6
Cr Mn Fe
boron 10.81
V
1.6
Zn
12
HONORS CHEMISTRY
symbol
4
Ti
5
atomic number 5
1.3 22
name atomic mass
3
Sc
Ac actinium [227] 58
Zr Hf Rf
1.1 59
Ce
Nb Mo Tc
Ta Db
dubnium [262] 1.1 60
W Sg
seaborgium [266] 1.2 61
Re Bh
bohrium [264] – 62
Ru Os Hs
hassium [269] 1.2 63
Rh Ir Mt
Pd Pt Ds
1.1 65
Ag Cd Au Hg
Rg
Cn
1.2 67
1.2 68
Dy Ho
1.2 66
meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium [268] [281] [272] [277] 1.2 64
Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb
thorium 232.04
Th
protactinium 231.04
Pa
uranium 238.03
U
Np
neptunium 237.05
americium [243]
curium [247]
berkelium [247]
Pu Am Cm Bk plutonium [244]
Cf
californium [251]
Es
einsteinium [252]
5
13
B
2.0 6
14
C Si
2.5 7
15
N
P
3.0 8
16
O
S
1
3.5 9
17
H
2.1 2
18
He
Ne
–
helium hydrogen 4.00 1.01 4.0 10 –
F
Cl
Ar
boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.17 1.5 14 1.8 15 2.1 16 2.5 17 3.0 18 – 13
Al
As
Se
Br Kr
aluminum silicon phosphorus sulphur chlorine argon 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95 1.6 32 1.8 33 2.0 34 2.4 35 2.8 36 – 31
Ga Ge Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton 69.74 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80 1.7 50 1.8 51 1.9 52 2.1 53 2.5 54 – 49
In
Pb
Bi
Po
At Rn
indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon 114.82 118.69 121.75 127.60 126.90 131.30 1.8 82 1.8 83 1.9 84 2.0 85 2.2 86 – 81
Tl
Lv
Lu
1.2
livormorium [291]
nobelium [259]
Lr
lawrencium [262]
tennessine [294]
Ts
oganesson [294]
Og
thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon 204.37 207.37 208.98 [209] [210] [222] – 114 – 115 – 116 – 117 – 118 – 113
Mc moscovium [288]
Fl
flerovium [289]
1.1 71
Nh
nihonium [284]
1.2 70
Tm Yb
1.2 69
Er
mendelevium [258]
Fm Md No fermium [257]
lutetium cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium 174.97 140.12 140.91 144.24 [145] 150.35 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.04 – – 103 1.3 91 1.5 92 1.7 93 1.3 94 1.3 95 1.3 96 – 97 – 98 – 99 – 100 – 101 – 102 90
Pr
rutherfordium [261]
hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury lanthanum 178.49 180.95 183.85 186.21 190.20 192.22 195.09 196.97 200.59 138.91 – 105 – 106 – 107 – 108 – 109 – 110 – 111 – 112 – 1.1 104 89
La
yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 [98.91] 101.07 102.91 106.40 107.87 112.41 1.3 73 1.5 74 1.7 75 1.9 76 2.2 77 2.2 78 2.2 79 2.4 80 1.9 1.1 72 57
Y
scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc 44.96 47.90 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.71 63.55 65.38 1.3 40 1.4 41 1.6 42 1.8 43 1.9 44 2.2 45 2.2 46 2.2 47 1.9 48 1.7 39
21
Data Table
Names, Formulas, and Charges of Some Common Ions * Aqueous solutions are readily oxidized by air. ** Not stable in aqueous solution Positive Ions (Cations)
Al3+
aluminum
Pb4+
lead(IV), plumbic
NH4+
ammonium
Li+
lithium
Ba
barium
Mg
magnesium
Ca2+
calcium
Mn2+
manganese(II), manganous
Cr2+
chromium(II), chromous
Mn4+
manganese(IV)
Cr
chromium(III), chromic
Hg2
mercury(I)*, mercurous
Cu+
copper(I)*, cuprous
Hg2+
mercury(II), mercuric
Cu
copper(II), cupric
K
potassium
H+
hydrogen
Ag+
silver
H3O
hydronium
Na
sodium
Fe2+
iron(II)*, ferrous
Sn2+
tin(II)*, stannous
Fe
iron(III), ferric
Sn
tin(IV), stannic
Pb2+
lead(II), plumbous
Zn2+
zinc
2+
3+
2+
+
3+
2+
2+
+
+
4+
Negative Ions (Anions)
Br–
bromide
OH–
hydroxide
CO32–
carbonate
ClO–
hypochlorite
ClO3
chlorate
I
iodide
Cl–
chloride
HPO42–
monohydrogen phosphate
ClO2–
chlorite
NO3–
nitrate
CrO4
chromate
NO2
nitrite
CN–
cyanide
C2O42–
oxalate
Cr2O7
dichromate
O
oxide**
H2PO4–
dihydrogen phosphate
ClO4–
CH3COO
ethanoate, acetate
MnO4
permanganate
F–
fluoride
PO43–
phosphate
HCO3
hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate
SO4
sulfate
HC2O4–
hydrogen oxalate, binoxalate
S2–
sulfide
HSO4–
hydrogen sulfate, bisulfate
SO32–
sulfite
HS
hydrogen sulfide, bisulfide
SCN
thiocyanate
HSO3–
hydrogen sulfite, bisulfite
–
2–
2–
–
–
–
314 Index
–
–
2–
perchlorate –
2–
–
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