WATERFRONT
A Critical Anlaysis of Waterfronts and the City By Edward Tan s3307738
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Preface The research being presented in this folio consists of one semester in the making and will still be on going in various aspects. Special thanks to Helen Walter and Danielle Pecker for their guidance and patience in setting the tasked assignments and setting aside time to feedback on this body research on a weekly occasion. Gratitude and appreciation goes to the studio class that have stood alongside me in speech and deed in getting the work done. My heart goes out to my group mate and lovely partner, Crystal. Without her love, much of this work would not have surfaced the way it could and should have. **While this is an individual folio, all the work here was done together with Crystal. Only the back portion of the appendix consist of an individual tasked assigned.
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Contents
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A Poche Walk - Montreal Waterfront
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Crepe Cake - Flinders Street Waterfront
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Appendix - Essays of Representation
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A Poche Walk - Montreal Waterfront Pronounced with an exaggerated accent on the final “e”, “poche’” is a French architectural term for the all the stuff that is inside the walls.
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With the dawn of the industrial revolution in the 60’s, like most cities, the waterfront was where life started from humble beginnings.
1. Fortified City Wall
The city of Montreal is one of such. Being a fortified city with trade and merchants coming in from sea, the walls as barriers for defense could not hold any longer against screams from commoners to tear it down. The fortified walls eventually fell to make way for the ease of docking ships and this flourished the city of Montreal. This very instance, the urban fabric of the city pushed outwards while sea trade pushed inwards into the city. It was like a dynamic pulsating effect that was lovely and working in harmony.
3. Fortified Green Wall
2. Transformation Into Port
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3 Extent of Current View
In the 80’s the advance in trade and shipping technologies helped prosper the city with more goods being brought in. However, this came at an expense. With more modern shipping technologies being used, it meant that ships were bigger; docks had to be wider and air and noise pollution was inevitable in the era. Huge walls of docking sheds were developed to hoist goods off and onto these ships. They lined the water’s edge. The water was taken away from the sight of the city and the public. Some of these long rectangular sheds amounted up to 12 stories in height. This caused much separation from the city.
4 Green Strip Replaces Vertical Storage
2 Vertical Storage ‘Walls’
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1 Modern Shipping Technologies
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Montreal Waterfront 1843
Montreal Waterfront 1918
Montreal Waterfront 2015
Water’s Edge 1843
Water’s Edge 1918
Water’s Edge 2015
Water Body 1843
Water Body 1918
Water Body 2015
Road Networks 1843
Road Networks 1918
Road Networks 2015
Over time, the water’s edge of Montreal increased in distance, piers got closer to one another. The infrastructure such as roads creep outwards towards the water. The only form of crossroads with the city and the water’s edge are where the piers are. The containment of water bodies become more obvious. Why did the space grow in such a manner?
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1 1830
CITY
1840
CITY GOODS
CITY GOODS SHIP
SHIP
1850
SHIP
CITY
GOODS
1860
SHIP
1870
CITY
1880
GOODS SHIP
18901830 1900 18401910 18501920 1860
TRAINGOODS SHIP SHIP SHIP
CITY
CITY
CITY GOODS
CITY GOODS
SHIP
SHIP
CITY
GOODS
1870
CITY
1880
GOODS SHIP
1890
1900
1910
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TRAINGOODS SHIP
CITY
This diagram shows the direct relationship of monetary investments and the growth of space. With more money poured into the shipping industry, ships increased in size became more capable of carrying more goods. Water channels became deeper, piers grew longer and wider. The industry became a barrier of separation between the city and the water. It became a poche space.
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Throughout the linear waterfront, the city attempts to creep back towards the water as seen in these sections. The most destructive outcome of the broken relationship between city and water is a massive thick green strip that runs the whole way through with a width of almost 50 meters. It is like a scar that reminds Montreal of its past. Nevertheless, a happy ending is what Montreal attempts to work back towards as little moments of activity happen between city and water.
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pav
road
building pav
road
pav
urban park
park
train tracks
train tracks
carpark
car park water
train tracks train tracks pav
road
building pav
viaduct
road
pav
park
park
esplanade esplanade
water
Section A
carpark
carpark water water
pav
car park
pav
viaduct
building
water water
carpark carpark
pav
road
docking pier docking pier
carpark
car park
artificial
beach artificial beach
carpark
road
pav
pav
pav
pav
hedge
train
hedge tracks train tracks
docking pier docking pier
Section B
water
water
esplanade
park
park
esplanade
esplanade
esplanade
park
esplanade
park
esplanade water
water water
water
Section C
blg building
courtyard buildinggarden courtyard
blg building
pav pav
road road
street
street
road road
park pav
train tracks train tracks
recreational building recreational building
esplanade
esplanade
Section D
water
water
boulevard boulevard
pav pav
road road
pav pav
train tracks train tracks
restaurant
restaurant
pier events pier events
water water
Section E
blg
lane
building
lane
blg
building
pav
pav
road
road
pav
pav
hedge
pav
hedge
hedge train tracks
train tracks
park
park
park
park
pond
pav
pav
road
pav
road
water
pav
pond
water
Section F
av building ppav
road road
pav pav
park
esplanade esplanade
park
water
water
park park
water
water
pav
road road
pav
carpark carpark
carpark
carpark
bike
bike
shed lane parking bike bike shed lane parking
pav pav
road road
pav pav
cafe cafe
Section H
water
water
park
esplanade esplanade
shed
park
sand
water water
underpass underpass
road
road
shed
park park
Section I
park
boulevard
water
boulevard
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park park
Section G
train tracks train tracks
Section J
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Towards the water’s edge, there is the increasing phenomenon of activated rooftop spaces over private facilities like hotels and residential blocks.
This artificial beach uses sand to lighten the heavy urban industrial concrete aspect of the docking wharfs.
Along the streets of the esplanade, mobile vendors such as hot dog stands appropriate the street during leisure hours and activate the roadside pedestrian. The docking wharf for the cruise ship can only happen with long distances to span. Ticketing booths exist on the lower ground.
The parking for boats is often on a lower level that is accessed by a safety ramp. Some of which do not have gantries, making the floating platform accessible by the public.
The temporary nature of these sheds are being exploited near the parks and esplanade for carnivals and festivals.
This bridge serves multiple functions. Besides being a means to get to the other end, it is also a barrage that traps water for the canal and allow ships in and out.
Images: Food Trucks (top), Boat Docking (middle), Festivals (bottom)
Some of this activated spaces are ephemeral. They are mobile and their periods of activity are not prolonged. Some of them include food truck, boat parking, cruising piers, festival tents, bike kiosks and folding bridges.
This are bike share kiosk that allows tourist to rent them and commute along the span of the Montreal waterfront. They are dispersed along the stretch.
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Place Jacques Cartier is a market boulevard situated near the old market where merchants used to trade. It slopes towards the water and is generous in width and points towards the water. Tour de l’horloge contrasts the material of the stone cladded Montreal and offers a beach experience to those who choose to come and soak in the sun. Place de Vestiges contains the water and celebrates it in winter with an ice skating ring amongst the lighting strip of the city’s edge.
gravel
stone paving
stone
sand
stone paving
water
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stone paving
sand
stone paving
sand
stone paving
sand
stone paving
sand
stone paving
sand
stone paving
stone paving
stone paving
water
tarmac
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References Artificial Beach. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.tourisme-montreal.org/TMImages/11700-11799/11701/old-port-montreal-urban-beach_1.jpg [Accessed 10 May 2015]. Boat Docking. (n.d.). [image] Available at: https://www.google.com.au/maps/@45.506861,73.550741,3a,75y,180.13h,89.03t/data=!3m5!1e1!3m3!1sahwK_WH21E8AAAQfCMBvRw!2e0!3e11 [Accessed 13 Apr. 2015]. Boulevard. (n.d.). [image] Available at: ments-place-jacques-cartier [Accessed 13 May 2015].
http://restaurant-jacques-cartier.ca/eneve-
Cover Image 1. (2015). [image] Available at: http://www.ameriquefrancaise.org/en/article-586/ The_Old_Port_of_Montr%C3%A9al_.html [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Cover Image 2. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tour_ de_l%27horloge_port_de_Montr%C3%A9al.jpg [Accessed 27 May 2015]. Cover Image 3. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cornish_ Point_%26_Admiral_Cochrane_Port_Montreal_1920.jpg [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. The relationship between city and water is working its way back together. While the water is not all that accessible and this play of inside and outside is teasing for the wanderer to skirt behind the city’s footprint and at times enter its lush backyard of water. Montreal waterfront is a strip of Poche spaces to stroll along.
Cover Image 4. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.ameriquefrancaise.org/fr/article-340/ Vieux-Port_de_Montr%C3%A9al.html#.VWWevfQW3Ak [Accessed 21 May 2015]. Fortin, M. (2012). Stone Paving. [image] Available at: https://www.google.com.au/maps/ place/Old+Port+of+Montreal/@45.498029,-73.552555,3a,75y,266.29h,83.29t/data =!3m5!1e1!3m3!1s6sg-MpbWcmsAAAQIt-QXCQ!2e0!3e11!4m2!3m1!1s0x4cc91af8afb32729:0x850ba72f5690720e!6m1!1e1 [Accessed 12 Apr. 2015]. G, S. (2014). Festivals. [image] Available at: https://www.google.com.au/maps/ place/Old+Port+of+Montreal/@45.507324,-73.549873,3a,90y,20.23h,79.92t/data =!3m5!1e1!3m3!1sTSjO30mUF2EAAAQfCLLaOw!2e0!3e11!4m2!3m1!1s0x4cc91af8afb32729:0x850ba72f5690720e!6m1!1e1 [Accessed 18 Mar. 2015]. Ice Skating. (2013). [image] Available at: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/63824519690800132/ [Accessed 10 Apr. 2015]. Ozdalga, E. (2014). Food Trucks. [image] Available at: https://www.google.com.au/ maps/@45.507089,-73.550968,3a,75y,300.15h,93.67t/data=!3m5!1e1!3m3!1s2v6jKTNUcVYAAAQXIFaJuQ!2e0!3e11 [Accessed 17 Mar. 2015]. Ozdalga, E. (2014). Peur Depot. [image] Available at: https://www.google.com.au/ maps/@45.507089,-73.550968,3a,75y,324.96h,93.84t/data=!3m5!1e1!3m3!1s2v6jKTNUcVYAAAQXIFaJuQ!2e0!3e11 [Accessed 14 May 2015].
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CrĂŞpe Cake - Flinders Street Waterfront We went on a derive along the Flinders Street Waterfront. We followed wherever wood led us along the water. Along the trajectory, we could not understand why there were piers that sat in empty desolation, while other wooden structures were sculptures with symbolic gestures that paid mere lip service towards a rich and robust historical waterfront.
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This is an old map of the waterfront. Notice how Queens’s wharf sits towards the south of the train station. Queen’s wharf was the area of trade. The wharf was where merchants would off load all their goods into the city. A fish market was located at the intersection of Spencer and Flinders Street while a General market was located along Market Street. You could almost imagine how busy these places were... 28
29 Old Map of Flinders Waterfront
This is Queen’s wharf back then. The Epi-Centre of the Waterfront, the train rails lift themselves off the ground to make way for a connection between the water and the city. It lifted off the ground for activity to happen. You would here the howling of the trains, the voices of on ground crew members shouting across the ships. Cranes lifting goods into place. Under this rails was the meeting place to be.
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This is a section through Market Street where the Customs House used to be. It is now known as The Immigration Museum. The ghosted lines in blue represent the past. Notice how this space has changed over time, the addition of new layers of roads, and overhead railways and vegetation has caused this space to be very under utilized.
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This is a site map of the Flinders Street Waterfront now. The only form of connections to the water from the city takes on the form of underground passage ways and bridges. Dead spaces like the vaults to the south west of Flinders Street Station (Banana Alley) operate with retail spaces that do not cater to the public. The opportunities for ‘civicness’ has been forsaken. At this scale, you can never see how underutilized the waterfront is.
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5 6
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2 3 4
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water! 7 water!
water!
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3 4 5 water!
1 3 4 water!
water!
This diagram shows a threshold of layers that you will have to go through. It resembles a Crepe Cake! To get to the water’s edge, one has to get through a series of linear boundaries and layers. The road, then train tracks, the café, a green hedge then the shared bike path is where you meet the waters. While admiring the water’s edge, be on your look out for oncoming cyclist!
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What a journey! Crepe Cakes are pretty and lovely in their own way but they need to compliment the plate that they are being placed on; the water’s edge. This montage further teases out the amount of layers we were confronted with while walking along the waterfront. Judging from this waterfront, is Melbourne really the most livable city?
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These are some photos that attributed to the montage, in all cases, the water being on the right side of the photo. In all this cases, there is a wall that is adjacent to the water. We hardly ever see Melbourne being presented with these photos. It is ironic how this area that got Melbourne to such a status is locking people off from getting to the water.
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water!
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water!
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water!
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water!
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In section, we see the crepe cake being played out. The dome is a successful meeting point that faces the city. It’s back yard however is a garden that needs a lot more weeding to do. Could a reversal of the dome as a meeting point be implemented to activate the water’s edge more? Maybe a gesture of such might help.
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Cultural
Water
Train
Footpath
Bike Path
Entertainment
Office
Greenery
Retail
Residential
With the layers of varying types of activity being mapped out here, we can see an immense amount of area being given to the train station and a micro spread of jam for pedestrians to walk on. The Federation Square on the far eastern end is so successful in getting public and cultural activities happen there because it has space for people to roam about. 44
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Transportation
Transportation
Cultural
Cultural
Social
Social
Hourly gas flames at night at Southbank, Melbourne
The bridges onto the South Bank lead people away from the Flinders Waterfront. With the arts and culture scene on the other side, it bustles with smell, music and lights. Like Daisy watching the parties and lights across the river on long island from the scene of The Great Gatsby, all the attention has been drawn over to the other side. Notice the spaces of exchange that happens on the other side of the water.
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A
B
C
bike pedestrian car
B
bike
boat
pedestrian
tram
car
train
bike
boat
pedestrian
tram
car
train
fast
sp slow
fast speed slow
C
A
bike
boat
pedestrian
tram
car
train
fast speed slow
This map shows the varying types of movement. It is clear that we can see how varied the Flinders Waterfront is with intensity? Wouldn’t this result in more spaces of exchange? Why is it that the other side seems so much more attractive still then?
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A
B
A
C
B
A
C
B
A
C
B
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B
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C
A
B
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C
bike
boat
pedestrian
tram
car
train
fast speed slow
boat
pedestrian
tram
car
train
bike
boat
pedestrian
tram
car
train
bike
boat
pedestrian
tram
car
trainB
C
bike
C
B A
C
C
A
fast speed
A
slow
fast speed slow
fast speed slow C
In zooming in on the movement at a smaller scale, we start to see why. Notice how much space is given to the pedestrian at the south bank in frame A. Here, the cyclist and pedestrians share a common path. The buildings peel away and back from the water to make way for this. While in frame B and C on the Flinders Waterfront, the pedestrian walks are tight and narrow. This gestures are worth noting to get the Flinders edge working.
A
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The landing points for the bridges onto the Flinders end do glimmer with hope. They present an outward funnel of daily circulation as shown in these images, they bring the circulation in from the city and from the public railway transport city. These bridges also do present certain typologies that we can take precedent from.
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The Flinders Waterfront is a Crepe Cake, it needs to be dissected. Its layers need to be analyzed and reconsidered, they need to be re-dimensioned in terms of the thickness. It may require injections of more layers or the removal of some. At the moment, the biggest threat to it seems to be the Flinders Train Station. It’s massive footprint seems to be a huge barrier and stumbling block to the water’s edge. As of now, it stares in jealousy towards the South Bank. In self-pity, it blurs its vision and lives in ignorance.
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References Campbell, M. (n.d.). Old Map of Flinders Waterfront. [image] Available at: https://www.pinterest. com/pin/576108977307548299/ [Accessed 27 May 2015]. photobucket, (n.d.). Hourly gas flames at night at Southbank, Melbourne. [image] Available at: http://s712. photobucket.com/user/Pixerella/ media/Melbourne/Sthbnkgas.jpg. html [Accessed 27 May 2015].
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Appendix
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Publication Review *Individual Task
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Burnt Bridges - Marina Bay
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How is Marina Bay different from Montreal
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A Poche Timeline
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Crepe Cake
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Publication Review on The Charged Void by Peter and Alison Smithson Simplicity creates curiosity The content of the book is broken down into 4 sections. However, there are no descriptions or title for each of these for sections. The content of each section is not revealed until the reader reaches to the various sections of the book. This allows the information to slowly unfold itself as the reader goes through the book. Also, Nigel introduces the topic or agenda of the book very simply without much explanation. This triggers the reader’s curiosity and encourages them to continue flipping through the pages.
Letting the drawings speak for themselves Nigel uses architectural drawings (plans, perspective and elevations) in a way that most readers can easily understand. Most of his illustrations are presented in a manner where much supporting text is not need. Not only does the book become a coffee table book that one can just pick up and flip though without giving it much thought, but it also becomes a book that you can admire at your own time and look at each drawing carefully.
Allowing the reader to relate on a personal level Nigel starts of the book by giving the readers a small glimpse of his personal experience with the countryside. He also sets up a juxtaposition between the countryside and the city, allowing both readers that are familiar with the city and the countryside to relate to it. The text is very descriptive and lets the reader paint their own picture in their head. This sets up the framework for the scenes that are illustrated later in the book. Handwritten and hand drawn as a means to personalize As compared to most books that we see published, Nigel hand writes and hand illustrates most parts of his book. This completely personalizes the book. Nigel has given life and character to the book and allows the readers to appreciate the book more. Mixed media to create texture Throughout the book, lots of colours (watercolour) and hatches (pen) can be found. The two media has been used both separately and together, giving the book a good mix of both. This keeps the reader fresh and adds texture to the texture-less paper. Sufficient negative space allows readers to breathe Each drawing and text has ample white spaces around it. Not only does this allow the work to breathe but it also allows the readers to breathe. Some pages are intentionally left blank to provide an opportunity for the reader’s eyes to rest momentarily. This is usually done when the adjacent page is heavily textured. Variation of layout to avoid boredom The elements that make up a page are the same – illustrations and texts. However, each element is laid out differently. Even though the same layout is repeated throughout the book, the sequence of the layout varies. This avoids boring repetition. Illustration of daily life instead of using text Nigel illustrates things that we often take for granted or overlook. He reinterprets what seems to be mundane information and presents them in the most interesting ways that allows the reader to look at them in a different light. Some of things that Nigel look at are quite abstract, nonetheless, he is able to turn it into something very interesting and visual instead of using text.
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How is Marina Bay different to Montreal Waterfront? – Edward Tan and Crystal Song
A Poche Timeline – Edward Tan and Crystal Song
Marina Bay is contained while Montreal is exposed to the open sea This makes Marina Bay function in a loop fashion whereas Montreal is seen more as a linear strip. As such, this allows users to stroll the waterfront and get back to the point that they started from. This places more emphasis on looking inwards into the Bay and across to the other buildings on the other side, placing an emphasis on the adjacent edge as opposed to the water itself. This inward looking experience does not allow you to experience the vastness and serenity of the open waters.
Pronounced with an exaggerated accent on the final “e”, “poche’” is a French architectural term for the all the stuff that is inside the walls. Pronounced with an exaggerated accent on the final “e”, “poche’” is a French architectural term for the all the stuff that is inside the walls between spaces.
Marina Bay is reclaimed as opposed to the Old Montreal Port Waterfront This tabula rasa of Marina Bay to escape the industrial aspects of the docking piers for ships and the unloading of cargo which might not necessarily be a bad thing. Montreal celebrates this by leaving behind one of their old vertical docking shed, adding a sense of place to the water’s edge while Singapore has choose to locate if further away in the deep waters. Bridges are being used differently in both waterfronts In the Bay, the bridge plays a vital role in the urban fabric in getting people from one point of the city to another. In Montreal, the bridge is just another option to bring you closer to the water’s edge. However, both have the existence of highway bridges hover over the waters. In the case of Singapore, the under croft of the bridge is much more activated and designed for pedestrians whereas in Montreal, not much emphasis is given to the underside of the bridge. The circular fashion of the Marina Bay celebrates a historical buildings frontage The introverted bay allows for views towards the city, where the tectonics of the architecture is being displayed like a panoramic image. This idea of the exhibition on the waterfront compares to a very humble one of Montreal. The linear strip invites you to sit on the edge of the fence of water and city. This back to back layers invite you discover the city fabric and move into and out of negative spaces making you dance around the buildings more. Marina Bay is an indoor and underground realm as opposed to Montreal What you see in Montreal is what you get. There are a total of 7 train stations that skirt around the circumference of Marina Bay and they are all located underground! This makes Marina Bay much more planned and neat but more rigid then Montreal. The view of the waterfront is missed and hidden in this instance from a commuter’s point of view. The identity and place of the waterfront is a missed opportunity for citizens. Breathing Spaces function differently in both waterfronts The Montreal breathing space can be clearly seen to follow the linear nature of the water’s edge, hence, it is always there for the passer-by. However in Singapore, the breathing space is seen more as a zone along the loop of the bay. Every other part of the loop in grains itself into the built fabric of the city.
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The walls burst open and greeted With the dawn of the industrial revolution in the 80’s, like most cities, the waterfront was where life started from humble beginnings. The city of Montreal is one of such. Being a fortified city with trade and merchants coming in from sea, the walls as barriers for defense could not hold any longer against screams from commoners to tear it down. The fortified walls eventually fell to make way for the ease of docking ships and this flourished the city of Montreal. This very instance, the urban fabric of the city pushed outwards while sea trade pushed inwards into the city. It was like a dynamic pulsating effect that was lovely and working in harmony. The distance separates us The advance in trade and shipping technologies helped prosper the city with more goods being brought in. However, this came at an expense. With more modern shipping technologies being used, it meant that ships were bigger; docks had to be wider and air and noise pollution was inevitable in the era. Huge walls of docking sheds were developed to hoist goods off and onto these ships. They lined the water’s edge. The water was taken away from the sight of the city. Some of this long rectangular sheds amounted up to 12 stories in height. This caused much separation from the city. Both ends of the party push against one another and placed a wall between each other. Pockets of Reconciliation Throughout the linear waterfront, the city attempts to creep back towards the water. The most destructive outcome of the broken relationship between city and water is a massive thick green strip that runs the whole way through with a width of almost 50 meters. It is like a scar that reminds Montreal of its past. Nevertheless, a happy ending is what Montreal attempts to work back towards as little moments of magic happen between city and water. Place Jacques Cartier is a market boulevard situated near the old market where merchants used to trade. It slopes towards the water and is generous in width and points towards the water. Tour de l’horloge contrasts the material of the stone cladded Montreal and offers a beach experience to those who choose to come and soak in the sun. Place de Vestiges contains the water and celebrates it in winter with an ice skating ring amongst the lighting strip of the city’s edge. The relationship between city and water is lovely. While the water is not all that accessible and this play of inside and outside is teasing for the wanderer to skirt behind the city’s footprint and at times enter its lush backyard of water. Montreal waterfront is a strip of Poche spaces to stroll along.
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Crepe Cake – Edward Tan and Crystal Song From Liveliness to Abandonment The only form of connections to the water from the city fabric takes on the form of underground passage ways and bridges. Left dead spaces like the vaults to the south west of Flinders Street Station (Banana Alley) operate with retail spaces that do not cater to the public. The opportunities for ‘civicness’ has been forsaken. Some of these other spaces include the undercroft of railway lines at the extreme west end near the aquatic center. These two spaces in particular were once lively but dead cold now. Almost like a bride groom wedding between the city and the water that has ended up in a cold divorce. The sites used to be the busiest place in town where merchants would off load their goods and set up markets of fresh food and produce. It was the first market in Melbourne! Bridges of Hope The bridges onto the South Bank lead people away from the Flinders Waterfront. With the arts and culture scene on the other side, it bustles with smell, music and lights. Like Daisy watching the parties and lights across the river on long island from the scene of The Great Gatsby, all the attention has been drawn over to the other side. However, having said that, the landing points for the bridges onto the Flinders end glimmer with hope. They present an outward funnel of space for activity. Some of these spaces are mostly cafes and bars like Riverland and Arbory. Others such as the Les Erdi Plaza remain like an empty void. Occasionally, the Signal Building (a signal control tower for trains in the past) at the landing of Sandridge Bridge opens up for art installations and lights up in display in the night sky. Layers of Crepe To get to the water’s edge, one has to get through a series of linear boundaries and layers. The road, then train tracks, the café, a green hedge then the shared bike path is where you meet the waters. While admiring the water’s edge, be sure to look out for oncoming cyclist! What a journey! Crepe Cakes are pretty and lovely in their own way but they need to compliment the plate that they are being placed on; the water’s edge. Degraves lane is a great way of wandering through the city. It almost seems like the waterfront needs something like this to cut through the layers in a curated manner that speaks of the site. The Flinders Street Station meeting point under the clocks facing the city is successful as a landmark. Could a reversal of this facing the water work to activate the water’s edge more?
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WATERFRONT
A Critical Anlaysis of Waterfronts and the City By Edward Tan s3307738 76