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Introduction The first Boar War took place between 1880 and
1881.
It was known as the Transvaal Rebellion. This is because the Boars from Transvaal resisted
the annexation of Britain in 1877.
Some historians refer to the war as the South
African War.
This is since most of those effected /participated
were White and Black.
The name “Boar” denotes farmers among
Afrikaans and Dutch.
Events Before the War Took Place 15000 of Dutch origin moved into South Africa. They came from Cape Colony. The move was triggered by the unfair
treatment by the British government.
They were also politically marginalized in the
Eastern Cape frontier.
Impacts of the Movements They formed two independent republics. These were the Orange Free State and the
Transvaal.
These republics were recognized by Great Britain. This happened in 1852 at Sand River and 1854 at
Bloemfontein.
Since they were farmers, the Boars enjoyed a pre-
capitalist subsistence economy.
Lord Carnarvon To expand neo-colonialism, Lord Carnarvon
suggested a confederation in 1875.
This was to bring together all South African
States.
Many pro British rule saw this as a move to
enhance stability for economic integration.
This was especially after the discovery of
diamonds in 1867.
Anglo Boar War Took place between October 1899 and 1902. This was after the Boar Republics declared
war.
The war had three major phases, during the
two years of fighting.
First Phase The Boars experienced three successful
offensives.
Firstly, they besieged the town of Ladysmith. They also besieged British troops at Kimberly
and Mafeking.
Britain realized some victories, but they
seriously lost key towns to the Boars.
Second Phase Britain responded to Boars’ offensives. Imperial troops recaptured the towns, which had fallen
to the blacks.
They captured the Orange Free State and renamed the
Orange River Colony.
This was in May 1900. On 5th June, 1900, Britain took over Pretoria, leading to
the annexation of the Transvaal on September 1, 1900.
This appeared to be the end of the war, and Roberts
made returned to England a happy man.
Third Phase It involved the Guerilla war. Leaders adopted small military units as opposed
to the British style of leadership.
This was important as it allowed capturing of
supplies.
It also interrupted communications and attack
raids on the military enhanced.
It also made it had for British soldiers to capture
the fighters.
A raft of measures was adopted by the British. This included: burning about 30,000 farms development of blockhouses erection of fences These led to a consensus between the two
sides, which ended the war.
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