Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement for Sport Pilot, Recreational Pilot, Remote Pilot, and Private Pilot
2018 U.S. Department of Transportation FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION Flight Standards Service
ii
Preface This testing supplement supersedes FAA-CT-8080-2G, Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement for Sport Pilot, Recreational Pilot, and Private Pilot, dated 2016. This Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement is designed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Flight Standards Service. It is intended for use by Airman Knowledge Testing (AKT) Organization Designation Authorization (ODA) Holders and other entities approved and/or authorized to administer airman knowledge tests on behalf of the FAA in the following knowledge areas: Sport Pilot–Airplane (ASEL and ASES) Sport Pilot–Gyroplane Sport Pilot–Glider Sport Pilot–Airship (LTA) Sport Pilot–Balloon (LTA) Sport Pilot–Weight-Shift Control (WSCS and WSCL) Sport Pilot–Powered Parachute (PPL and PPS) Recreational Pilot–Airplane (RPA) Recreational Pilot–Rotorcraft/Helicopter (RPH) Recreational Pilot–Rotorcraft/Gyroplane (RPG) Private Pilot–Airplane/Recreational Pilot–Transition (PAT) Private Pilot–Helicopter/Recreational Pilot–Transition (PHT) Private Pilot–Gyroplane/Recreational Pilot–Transition (POT) Private Pilot–Airplane (PAR) Private Pilot–Rotorcraft/Helicopter (PRH) Private Pilot–Rotorcraft/Gyroplane (PRO) Private Pilot–Glider (POL) Private Pilot–Free Balloon–Hot Air (PBH) Private Pilot–Free Balloon–Gas (PBG) Private Pilot–Lighter-Than-Air–Airship (PLA) Private Pilot–Powered-Parachute (PPP) Private Pilot–Weight-shift Control (PWS) Unmanned Aircraft General–Small (UAG) Comments regarding this supplement, or any Airman Testing publication, should be emailed to AFS630comments@faa.gov.
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iv
Contents Preface.............................................................................................................................................................. iii Contents............................................................................................................................................................. v Appendix 1 Legend 1. Sectional Aeronautical Chart..............................................................................................................................1-1 Legend 2. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-2 Legend 3. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-3 Legend 4. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-4 Legend 5. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-5 Legend 6. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-6 Legend 7. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-7 Legend 8. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-8 Legend 9. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-9 Legend 10. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-10 Legend 11. Chart Supplement...........................................................................................................................................1-11 Legend 12. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-12 Legend 13. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-13 Legend 14. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-14 Legend 15. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-15 Legend 16. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-16 Legend 17. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-17 Legend 18. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-18 Legend 19. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-19
Appendix 2 Figure 1. Lift Vector.............................................................................................................................................................2-1 Figure 2. Load Factor Chart................................................................................................................................................2-2 Figure 3. Altimeter...............................................................................................................................................................2-3 Figure 4. Airspeed Indicator.................................................................................................................................................2-4 Figure 5. Turn Coordinator..................................................................................................................................................2-5 Figure 6. Heading Indicator.................................................................................................................................................2-6 Figure 7. Attitude Indicator...................................................................................................................................................2-7 Figure 8. Density Altitude Chart...........................................................................................................................................2-8 Figure 9. Control Position for Taxi.......................................................................................................................................2-9 Figure 10. Gyroplane Rotor Blade Position.......................................................................................................................2-10 Figure 11. Glider Yaw String..............................................................................................................................................2-11 Figure 12. Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METAR)...................................................................................................2-12 Figure 13. Telephone Weather Briefing.............................................................................................................................2-13 Figure 14. Pilot Weather Report........................................................................................................................................2-14 Figure 15. Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)..............................................................................................................2-15 Figure 17. Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast..........................................................................................................2-16 Figure 18. Weather Depiction Chart..................................................................................................................................2-17 Figure 19. Low-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Prognostic Charts............................................................................2-18 Figure 20. Sectional Chart Excerpt. .................................................................................................................................2-19 Figure 21. Sectional Chart Excerpt. .................................................................................................................................2-20 Figure 22. Sectional Chart Excerpt. .................................................................................................................................2-21
v
Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26. Figure 27. Figure 28. Figure 31. Figure 32. Figure 33. Figure 34. Figure 35. Figure 36. Figure 37. Figure 38. Figure 39. Figure 40. Figure 41. Figure 42. Figure 43. Figure 44. Figure 45. Figure 46. Figure 47. Figure 48. Figure 49. Figure 50. Figure 51. Figure 52. Figure 53. Figure 54. Figure 56. Figure 57. Figure 58. Figure 59. Figure 60. Figure 61. Figure 62. Figure 63. Figure 64. Figure 65. Figure 66. Figure 67. Figure 68. Figure 69. Figure 70. Figure 71. Figure 72. Figure 73. Figure 74. Figure 75. Figure 76.
Sectional Chart Excerpt. .................................................................................................................................2-22 Sectional Chart Excerpt. .................................................................................................................................2-23 Sectional Chart Excerpt. .................................................................................................................................2-24 Sectional Chart Excerpt. .................................................................................................................................2-25 Time Conversion Table.....................................................................................................................................2-26 VOR.................................................................................................................................................................2-27 Chart Supplement............................................................................................................................................2-28 Airplane Weight and Balance Tables................................................................................................................2-29 Airplane Weight and Balance Tables................................................................................................................2-30 Airplane Weight and Balance Graphs..............................................................................................................2-31 Airplane Power Setting Table...........................................................................................................................2-32 Crosswind Component Graph..........................................................................................................................2-33 Airplane Landing Distance Graph....................................................................................................................2-34 Airplane Landing Distance Table......................................................................................................................2-35 Gyroplane Takeoff and Landing Graphs...........................................................................................................2-36 Airplane Takeoff Distance Graph......................................................................................................................2-37 Helicopter Weight and Balance Graph.............................................................................................................2-38 Helicopter Weight and Balance Graphs...........................................................................................................2-39 Helicopter CG Envelopes.................................................................................................................................2-40 Gyroplane Weight and Balance Graph.............................................................................................................2-41 Gyroplane Weight and Balance Graph. ...........................................................................................................2-42 Helicopter Height Velocity Diagram..................................................................................................................2-43 VASI Illustrations..............................................................................................................................................2-44 Airport Diagram................................................................................................................................................2-45 Airport Diagram................................................................................................................................................2-46 Wind Sock Airport Landing Indicator................................................................................................................2-47 Flight Plan Form...............................................................................................................................................2-48 Chart Supplement............................................................................................................................................2-49 Glider Weight and Balance Diagram................................................................................................................2-50 Glider Performance Graph...............................................................................................................................2-51 Hot Air Balloon Performance Graph.................................................................................................................2-53 Hot Air Balloon Performance Graph.................................................................................................................2-54 Compass Card.................................................................................................................................................2-55 Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-56 Weight and Balance Diagram...........................................................................................................................2-57 Weight and Balance Diagram...........................................................................................................................2-58 Rectangular Course.........................................................................................................................................2-59 Chart Supplement............................................................................................................................................2-60 Airport Markings...............................................................................................................................................2-61 U.S. Airport Signs.............................................................................................................................................2-62 S-Turn Diagram................................................................................................................................................2-63 Weight and Balance Chart...............................................................................................................................2-64 Wind Triangle...................................................................................................................................................2-65 Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-66 Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-67 Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-68 Velocity vs. G-Loads........................................................................................................................................2-69 Glider Hand Signals.........................................................................................................................................2-70 Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-71 Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-72 Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-73
vi
Figure 77. Figure 78. Figure 79. Figure 80. Figure 81. Figure 82.
Chart Supplement............................................................................................................................................2-74 Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-75 Chart Supplement............................................................................................................................................2-76 Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-77 Chart Supplement............................................................................................................................................2-78 Altimeter...........................................................................................................................................................2-79
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viii
Appendix 1
AIRPORTS
Open dot within hard-surfaced runway configuration indicates approxmate VOR, VOR-DME, or VORTAC location.
Hard-surfaced runways greater than 8069 ft., or same multiple runways less than 8069 ft.
Hard-surfaced runways 1500 ft. to 8069 ft. in length
Seaplane Base
1-1
Abandoned–paved, having landmark value, 3000 ft. or greater
F Ultralight Flight Park Selected
Legend 1. Sectional Aeronautical Chart.
Other facilities. i.e., FSS Outlet, RCO, etc.
NDB-DME
Non-Directional Radiobeacon (NDB)
VOR-DME
VORTAC
VHF OMNI RANGE (VOR)
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
FSS radio providing voice communication
A H MIAMI
Underline indicates no voice on this frequency. Crosshatch indicates Shutdown Status Operates less than continuous or On-Request. ASOS/AWOS HIWAS 122.1R
Airport of Entry
UNICOM
ICAO Location indicator shown outside contiguous U.S.
FAR 91 Location identifier
When information is lacking, the respective charactor is replaced by a dash. Lighting codes refer to runway edge lights and may not represent the longest runway or full length lighting.
285 – Elevation in feet L – Lighting in operation sunset to sunrise L – Lighting limitations exist, refer to Airport/Facility Directory. 72 – Length of longest runway in hundreds of feet; usable length may be less.
FSS – Flight Service Station NO SVFR – Fixed wing special VFR flight is prohibited. CT– 118.3 – Control Tower (CT) primary frequency – Star indicates operation part-time (see tower frequencies tabulation for hours of operation). C – Indicates Common Traffic Advisory Frequencies (CTAF) ATIS 123.8 – Automatic Terminal Information Service ASOS/AWOS 135.42 – Automated Surface Weather Observing Systems (shown where full-time ATIS is not available). Some ASOS/AWOS facilities may not be located at airports. UNICOM – Aeronoutical advisory station VFR Advsy – VFR Advisory Service shown where full-time ATIS not available and frequency is other than primary CT frequency.
Runways with Right Traffic Patterns (public use) RP Special conditions exist - see Chart Supplement
285 L 72 122.95 RP 23, 34 VFR Advsy 125.0 AOE
FSS NO SVFR
NAME (NAM)(PNAM) CT – 118.3 C ATIS 123.8
Box indicators FAR 93 Special Air Traffic Rules & Airport Traffic Patterns
AIRPORT DATA
H
Frequencies above thin line box are remoted to NAVAID site. Other FSS frequencies providing voice communication may be available as determined by altitude and terrain. Consult Chart Supplement for complete information.
R - Receive Only.
Certain FSSs provide Airport Advisory Service, see Chart Supplement.
Heavy line box indicates Flight Service Station (FSS). Frequencies 121.5, 122.2, 243.0 and 255.4 (Canada - 121.5, 126.7 and 243.0) are available at many FSSs and are not shown above boxes. All other frequencies are shown.
CHICAGO CHI
122.1R
COMMUNICATION BOXES 122.1R 122.6 123.6 OAKDALE 116.8 OAK 382
Rotating airport beacon in operation Sunset to Sunrise
Services–fuel available and field attended during normal working hours depicted by use of ticks around basic airport symbol. (Normal working hours are Mon thru Fri 10:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. local time. Consult Chart Supplement for service availability at airports with hard-surfaced runways greater than 8069 ft.
U
Unverified
H
Heliport Selected
Military – Other than hard-surfaced. All military airports are identified by abbreviations AFB, NAS, AAF, etc. For complete airport information, consult DOD FLIP.
Restricted or Private – (Soft surfaced runway, or hard surfaced runway less than 1500' in length.) Use only in emergency, or by specific authorization.
ADDITIONAL AIRPORT INFORMATION
All recognizable hard-surfaced runways, including those closed, are shown for visual identification. Airports may be public or private.
R
SCALE 1:500,000
4500 MSL
V 69
Height above ground Under construction or reported; position and elevation unverified.
Elevation of the top above mean sea level
NOTICE: Guy wires may extend outward from structures.
(1149) UC
2049
or
Obstruction with high-intensity lights May operate part-time
Group Obstruction
below 1000 ft. AGL
1000 ft. and higher AGL
or
RNAV waypoint
OBSTRUCTIONS
TK313 T319 (helicopter only)
169 Total mileage between NAVAID, on direct Airways Class E Airspace low altitude RNAV routes are indicated by center line.
132°
Class E Airspace exists at 1200' AGL unless otherwise designated as shown above. Class E Airspace low altitude Federal Airways are indicated by center line. Intersection - Arrows are directed towards facilities which establish intersection.
Differentiates floors of Class E Airspace greater than 700 ft. above surface.
Class E Airspace with floor 1200 ft. or greater above surface that abuts Class G Airspace.
Class E Airspace with floor 700 ft. above surface.
Class E (sfc) Airspace
2400 MSL
40
Ceiling of Class D Airspace in hundreds of feet. (A minus ceiling value indicates surface up to but not including that value).
Class D Airspace
Class C Airspace (mode C See FAR 91.215/AIM.)
Class B Airspace
Only the controlled and reserved airspace effective below 18,000 ft. MSL are shown on this chart. All times are local.
UA
G
H
U
1° E
VFR Waypoints (See Chart Supplement for latitude/longitude).
NAME (VPXYZ)
Marine Light
Parachute Jumping Area (See Chart Supplement.)
Unmanned Aircraft Activity
Glider Operations
Hang Glider Activity
Ultralight Activity
Isogonic Line (2010 VALUE)
MISCELLANEOUS
IR211
Prohibited, Restricted, and Warning Areas; Canadian Advisory, Danger, and Restricted Areas. Alert Area and MOA Military Operations Area Special Airport Traffic Area (See FAR Part 93 for details) ADIZ - Air Defense Identification Zone Mode C (See FAR 91.215/AIM). National Security Area Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA) MTR - Military Training Route
AIRPORT TRAFFIC SERVICE AND AIRSPACE INFORMATION
Railroad
Roads & Road Markers
Coast Guard Station
Water Well
Mountain Pass 11823 (Elevation of Pass)
Mine or Quarry
Oil Well
Tank-water, oil or gas
Race Track
CG
Lookout Tower 618 (Elevation Base of Tower)
Outdoor Theater
Landmark Feature - stadium, factory, school, golf course, etc.
Aerial Cable
Power Transmission Lines
40
Rocks
Non-Perennial Lake
Pier
Perennial Lake
Bridges and Viaducts
Dams
(Pass symbol does not indicate a recommended route or direction of flight and pass elevation does not indicate a recommended clearance altitude. Hazardous flight conditions may exist within and near mountain passes).
95
TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Airports having control towers are shown in blue, all others in magenta. Consult Chart Supplement for details involving airport lighting, navigation aids, and services. For additional symbol information refer to the Chart User’s Guide.
Other than hard-surfaced runways
LEGEND
SECTIONAL AERONAUTICAL CHART
Appendix 1
Appendix 1
Legend 2. Chart Supplement. 1-2
Appendix 1
Legend 3. Chart Supplement. 1-3
Appendix 1
Legend 4. Chart Supplement. 1-4
Appendix 1
Legend 5. Chart Supplement. 1-5
Appendix 1
Legend 6. Chart Supplement. 1-6
Appendix 1
Legend 7. Chart Supplement. 1-7
Appendix 1
Legend 8. Chart Supplement. 1-8
Appendix 1
Legend 9. Chart Supplement. 1-9
Appendix 1
Legend 10. Chart Supplement. 1-10
Appendix 1
Legend 11. Chart Supplement. 1-11
Appendix 1
Legend 12. Chart Supplement. 1-12
Appendix 1
Legend 13. Chart Supplement. 1-13
Appendix 1
Legend 14. Chart Supplement. 1-14
Appendix 1
Legend 15. Chart Supplement. 1-15
Appendix 1
Legend 16. Chart Supplement. 1-16
Appendix 1
Legend 17. Chart Supplement. 1-17
Appendix 1
Legend 18. Chart Supplement. 1-18
Appendix 1
Legend 19. Chart Supplement. 1-19
Appendix 1
1-20
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Ch
ord
A
Re s Fo ulta rc nt e
Lift
line
Drag
Relative wind Center of pressure Figure 1. Lift Vector.
2-1
Appendix 2
Load factor n
0°
1.0
10°
1.015
30°
1.154
45°
1.414
60°
2.000
70°
2.923
80°
5.747
85°
11.473
90°
∞
Load factor chart 9 Load factor – G units
Angle of bank o
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Bank angle – in degrees
Figure 2. Load Factor Chart.
2-2
7
8
6
9
FEET
0
Figure 3. Altimeter.
2-3
1
5
00 FEET 10 0 FEE T 0 0 1
I00
4
I
3
2
29.4 29.5 29.6
7
8 6
9
FEET
0
2
5
00 FEET 10 0 FEE T 0 0 1
I00
4
I
3
2
29.4 29.5 29.6
7
8 6
9
FEET
0
3
5
00 FEET 10 0 FEE T 0 0 1
I00
4
I
3
2
29.4 29.5 29.6
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
240 40 220 60 200 180 80 160 140 100
Figure 4. Airspeed Indicator.
2-4
Appendix 2
D.C. ELEC.
TURN COORDINATOR
L
2 MIN. NO PITCH INFORMATION
Figure 5. Turn Coordinator.
2-5
R
Appendix 2
30
24
3
I5
2I
33
6
I2
Figure 6. Heading Indicator.
2-6
Appendix 2
A
B C
Figure 7. Attitude Indicator.
2-7
Appendix 2
DENSITY ALTITUDE CHART 15 14
000
14,
00
0 13,
13
00
0 12,
12
00 000
lt ea
ur
s es
10,
10
( de
itu
Pr
00
9,0
9
00
8,0
8
Sta
00
7,0
nda
7
rd t
00
6,0
em
6
atu
per
5
re
Approximate density altitude (thousand feet)
fe
0 11,
11
et)
00
5,0
00
4,0
4
00
000
2,
2
00
1,0
el
ev
1
l ea
S
0
0 1,0
–
S.L.
°C -18° °F 0°
-12° 10°
-7° 20°
-1° 30°
4° 40°
10° 50°
Pressure altitude conversion factor
28.0
1,824
28.1
1,727
28.2
1,630
28.3
1,533
28.4
1,436
28.5
1,340
28.6
1,244
28.7
1,148
28.8
1,053
28.9
957
29.0
863
29.1
768
29.2
673
29.3
579
29.4
485
29.5
392
29.6
298
29.7
205
29.8
112
29.9
20
29.92
3,0
3
Altimeter setting ("Hg)
16° 60°
21° 70°
27° 80°
32° 90°
38° 100°
Outside air temperature
Figure 8. Density Altitude Chart.
2-8
43° 110°
0
30.0
−73
30.1
−165
30.2
−257
30.3
−348
30.4
−440
30.5
−531
30.6
−622
30.7
−712
30.8
−803
30.9
−893
31.0
−983
Appendix 2
A
B D
C
Figure 9. Control Position for Taxi.
2-9
Appendix 2
B
C
A
D Figure 10. Gyroplane Rotor Blade Position.
2-10
4
Figure 11. Glider Yaw String.
2-11
HW
PUSH
PULL
OFF
HW
PUSH
NET
DIST
DIST
NET
ALT
ALT
PULL
OFF
AVG
GO
AVG
GO
L NAV
L NAV
SH
PU
SH
PU
2
4
FNCN
6
SEL
−
VOL BATT PWR
+
-4
FNCN
SEL
−
VOL BATT PWR
+
-4
8
10
Accele ration G UNITS
-2
KNOTS
0
KNOTS
-2
SH
SH
PU
PU
60
2 4
2
2
0 4
2
6
6
70
6
8
winter
70
6
8
winter
4
4
O LT SA
0
O LT SA
60
kn ot s 50
kn ot s
8
80
10 80
knots
8 10
10
knots
8 10
0
10
10
6
90 90
0
4
7
9
9
6
I00
5
CALIBRAT ED TO 20,000 FEET
FE ET
FE ET
4
ALT
0
20
120
140
2
3
29.8 29.9 30.0
2
100
I
60
80
80
knots
3
29.8 29.9 30.0
I
160
4
ALT
0
40
5
CALIBRAT ED TO 20,000 FEET
6
8
7
8
I00
120 20
60 knots
100
160
140
40
S
S
50 ON
STEER
RADIO
FOR
ON
E
300
ON
E
300
STEER
60
W
FOR
30
RADIO
210 240
N
ON
STEER
FOR
STEER
60
W
FOR
30
210 240
N
330
120
330
120
150
150
5
HW
PUSH
PULL
OFF
HW
PUSH
NET
DIST
DIST
NET
ALT
ALT
PULL
OFF
AVG
GO
AVG
GO
L NAV
L NAV
SH
PU
SH
PU
2
2
4
FNCN
VOL BATT PWR SEL
−
8 10
FNCN
+
-4
6
SEL
−
8
10
VOL BATT PWR
+
-4
6
Accele ration G UNITS
-2
KNOTS
0
4
Accele ration G UNITS
-2
KNOTS
0
SH
PU
SH
PU
kn ot s 60
4
2
0 4
2
O LT SA
60
2
2
6
6
70
6
8
winter
70
6
8
winter
4
4
O LT SA
0
80
10 80
knots
8 10
10
knots
8 10
0
10
Accele ration G UNITS
10
50
kn ot s
0
2
90 90
10
0
7
9
9
6
I00
5
CALIBRAT ED TO 20,000 FEET
FE ET
FE ET
4
ALT
0
20
120
140
2
3
29.8 29.9 30.0
2
100
I
60
80
80
knots
3
29.8 29.9 30.0
I
160
4
ALT
0
40
5
CALIBRAT ED TO 20,000 FEET
6
8
7
8
I00
120 20
60 knots
100
160
140
40
S
S
ON
STEER
RADIO
FOR
ON
E
300
ON
E
300
STEER
60
W
FOR
30
RADIO
210 240
N
ON
STEER
FOR STEER
60
W
FOR
30
210 240
N
330
120
330
120
150
150
6
HW
PUSH
PULL
OFF
HW
PUSH
NET
DIST
DIST
NET
ALT
ALT
PULL
OFF
AVG
GO
AVG
GO
L NAV
L NAV
SH
PU
SH
PU
2
2
4
FNCN
10
FNCN
SEL
−
VOL BATT PWR
+
-4
6
SEL
−
8
10
VOL BATT PWR
+
-4
6
Accele ration G UNITS
-2
KNOTS
0
4
Accele ration G UNITS 8
-2
KNOTS
0
SH
PU
SH
PU
kn ot s 60
2
0 4
2
O LT SA
60
4
2
6
6
70
6
8
winter
70
6
8
winter
4
4
O LT SA
2
0
10 80
knots
8 10
80
knots
8 10 10
0
3
10
50
kn ot s
0
2
90 90
10
1
9
I00
5
I00
FE ET
FE ET
4
ALT
0
20
120
140
2
3
29.8 29.9 30.0
I
60
80
knots 100
160
4
2
3
29.8 29.9 30.0
I
60
80
knots 100
160
ALT
0
40
5
CALIBRAT ED TO 20,000 FEET
6
8 7
9 CALIBRAT ED TO 20,000 FEET
6
8 7
20
120
140
40
S
S
ON
STEER
RADIO
FOR
ON
E
300
ON
E
300
STEER
60
W
FOR
30
RADIO
210 240
N
ON
STEER
FOR STEER
60
W
FOR
30
210 240
N
120
330
120
330
150
150
Appendix 2
50
50
Appendix 2 METAR KINK 121845Z 11012G18KT 15SM SKC 25/17 A3000 METAR KBOI 121854Z 13004KT 30SM SCT150 17/6 A3015 METAR KLAX 121852Z 25004KT 6SM BR SCT007 SCT250 16/15 A2991 SPECI KMDW 121856Z 32005KT 1 1/2SM RA OVC007 17/16 A2980 RMK RAB35 SPECI KJFK 121853Z 18004KT 1/2SM FG R04/2200 OVC005 20/18 A3006
Figure 12. Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METAR).
2-12
Appendix 2 This is a telephone weather briefing from the Dallas FSS for local operation of gliders and lighter-than-air at Caddo Mills, Texas (about 30 miles east of Dallas). The briefing is at 13Z. “There are no adverse conditions reported or forecast for today.” “A weak low pressure over the Texas Panhandle and eastern New Mexico is causing a weak southerly flow over the area.” “Current weather here at Dallas is wind south 5 knots, visibility 12 miles, clear, temperature 21, dewpoint 9, altimeter 29 point 78.” “By 15Z, we should have a few scattered cumuliform clouds at 5 thousand AGL, with higher scattered cirrus at 25 thousand MSL. After 20Z, the wind should pick up to about 15 knots from the south.” “The winds aloft are: 3 thousand 170 at 7, temperature 20; 6 thousand 200 at 18, temperature 14; 9 thousand 210 at 22, temperature 8; 12 thousand 225 at 27, temperature 0; 18 thousand 240 at 30, temperature −7.”
Figure 13. Telephone Weather Briefing.
2-13
Caddo Mills Dallas
Appendix 2
UA/OV KOKC-KTUL/TM 1800/FL120/TP BE90/SK BKN018-TOP055/OVC072TOP089/CLR ABV/TA M7/WV 08021/TB LGT 055-072/IC LGT-MOD RIME 072-089 Figure 14. Pilot Weather Report.
2-14
Appendix 2
TAF KMEM 121720Z 1218/1324 20012KT 5SM HZ BKN030 PROB40 1220/1222 1SM TSRA OVC008CB FM122200 33015G20KT P6SM BKN015 OVC025 PROB40 1220/1222 3SM SHRA FM120200 35012KT OVC008 PROB40 1202/1205 2SM-RASN BECMG 1306/1308 02008KT BKN012 BECMG 1310/1312 00000KT 3SM BR SKC TEMPO 1212/1214 1/2SM FG FM131600 VRB06KT P6SM SKC= KOKC 051130Z 0512/0618 14008KT 5SM BR BKN030 TEMPO 0513/0516 1 1/2SM BR FM051600 18010KT P6SM SKC BECMG 0522/0524 20013G20KT 4SM SHRA OVC020 PROB40 0600/0606 2SM TSRA OVC008CB BECMG 0606/0608 21015KT P6SM SCT040=
Figure 15. Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF).
2-15
Appendix 2 FB WBC 151745 DATA BASED ON 151200Z VALID 1600Z FOR USE 1800-0300Z. TEMPS NEG ABV 24000 FT ALS AMA DEN HLC MKC STL
3000
6000 2714
0507 2113
1707-01 2006+03 2325+07
9000 2420 2725+00 2321-04 2113-03 2215-01 2332+02
12000 2635-08 2625-04 2532-08 2219-07 2322-06 2339-04
18000 2535-18 2531-15 2434-19 2330-17 2338-17 2356-16
24000 2444-30 2542-27 2441-31 2435-30 2348-29 2373-27
30000 245945 265842 235347 244145 236143 239440
Figure 17. Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast.
2-16
34000 246755 256352 236056 244854 237252 730649
39000 246862 256762 236262 245561 238160 731960
70
2-17
60
Figure 18. Weather Depiction Chart.
50
200
200
250
B
180
48
26
80
3 14
20
H
20
45
70
A
39
250
150
60
250
29
55
21
17
70
65
70
70
100
NO91
0188
CMC.
WEATHER DEPICTION 16Z SAT 14 APR 20XX
US DEPT OF COMMERCE NOAA/NWS/NMC WASHINGTON
3
65
10
15
3
10
65
50
30 2
2
IS AUTOMATIC WX DBS
1262 OUT OF 1462
TOTAL STATIONS AVAILABLE FOR ANALYSIS
200
110
29
37
30
36
60
TROF
32
43
40 55
60
14
19
25
16 35
4
24
25
16
50
18
150
7
C
2
250
4
220
45
9
1
12
15 5
12
2 1/2
TROF
22 1 1/2
2 1/2
14
6
3
36
23
25
21
11
10
13
14
65
30
5
5
16
17
12
8
10
9
70
48
8
18
10
15
3
10
4
7
9
10
40
19
20
5 18
12
13
15
68
11
8
60
10
TROF
14
9
0
2
3
3
15
250
110 150
250
200 85
5 2 8 11
E 10
10
5
10 1/2
30
30
130
260
84
9
9 3
4
7
5
2
16
5
13
3
72
3
25
3
2
3
55
5
33
24
9
13
19
29
36
8
55
95
95
45
40
260
30
22
COLD WK
100
150
78
220
3
15 12
17
17
200
12
14
23
5
14
F
25
15
23
5 12
STNY WK
11
11
8
42
250
200
G SHADED AREAS...IFR WITH CIG LESS THAN 16 1000 FT AND/OR VSBY LESS THAN 3 MILES CONTOURED WITHOUT SHADING...MVFR AREAS WITH CIG GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 1000 TO LESS THAN OR 2 EQUAL TO 3000 FT AND/OR VSBY GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 3 TO LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 5 MI NO CONTOURS...VFR AREAS WITH CIG GREATER THAN 3000 FT AND VSBY GREATER THAN 5 MI 32
10
6
200 50
26
10
26
12
15
2
100
13
12
16
11
6
D
250
25
40
44
1
15
240 25
16
17
42
12
220
COLD WK
4
14
20
44
15
2
250
23
2 1/2 12 16
80 15
250
250 250 220
65 2
55
23 25
12
5 48
15
250
5
120
Appendix 2
16Z SAT 14 APR 20XX A6+41 US DEPT OF COMMERCE NOAA/NWS/NMC WASHINGTON
Appendix 2
040
240 / 240 / 040 120 / 40N 080
70W
180 / 120 / 080
120W
Flight planning only see TAF for specific terminal forecast
120
80W
Ceiling less than 1,000 feet and/or visibility less than 3 miles Ceiling 1,000-3,000 feet inclusive and/or visibility 3-5 miles incl.
VT 18Z Sat Apr 14 2012 12 HR SIG WX PROG LOW LVL SFC-400MB
040
120
Moderate or greater turbulence Freezing level at surface Freezing level above mean sea level
100W
90W
Moderate turbulence Severe turbulence
040
Extreme turbulence
040
Top (hundreds of feet MSL) Base (hundreds of feet MSL)
100/070
070 /
240 / 180 /
040
080
120 /
120W
40N
080 /
080
120 /
240 /
120
VT 06Z Sun Apr 15 2012 24 HR SIG WX PROG LOW LVL SFC-400MB
90W
80W
Figure 19. Low-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Prognostic Charts. 2-18
70W
Appendix 2
Figure 20. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-19
Appendix 2
Figure 21. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-20
Appendix 2
Figure 22. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-21
Appendix 2
Figure 23. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-22
Appendix 2
Figure 24. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-23
Appendix 2
Figure 25. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-24
Appendix 2
Figure 26. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-25
Figure 27. Time Conversion Table.
2-26
WYOMING
M O N T A N A
15°E
Easterly variation
add 5 hours add 4 hours add 6 hours add 5 hours add 7 hours add 6 hours add 8 hours add 7 hours
Eastern standard time Eastern daylight time Central standard time Central daylight time Mountain standard time Mountain daylight time Pacific standard time Pacific daylight time
N E W
10°E
M E X I C O
COLORADO
Mountain standard time
U T A H
A R I Z O N A
I D A H O
To coordinated universal time
CALIFORNIA
N E V A D A
Pacific standard time
O R E G O N
To convert from
15°E
20°E
WASHINGTON
20°E
TEXAS
SOUTH DAKOTA
MINNESOTA
5°E
I O W A
OKLAHOMA
5°E
LOUISIANA
ARKANSAS
MISSOURI
MISSISSIPPI
ILLINOIS
WISCONSIN
0°
Central standard time KANSAS
NEBRASKA
NORTH DAKOTA
10°E
OHIO
10°W
GEORGIA
KENTUCKY
VIRGINIA
NORTH CAROLINA
0°
FLORIDA
SOUTH CAROLINA
WEST VIRGINIA
MAINE
MARYLAND
DELAWARE
15°W
20°W
RHODE ISLAND
10°W
NEW JERSEY
CONNECTICUT
MASSACHUSETTS
NEW HAMPSHIRE
VERMONT
20°W
5°W
NEW YORK
PENNSYLVANIA
15°W
Eastern standard time
ALABAMA
TENNESSEE
INDIANA
MICHIGAN
5°W
Westerly variation
Appendix 2
line nic o Ag
Appendix 2
24
15
12
E 15
15
15
21
12
12
S
E
E 6
6
15
15
12
3
3
12
12 24
N
E
E 33
21
N
30
30
W
15
FR
S
6
33
6
TO
12
W
3
3
E
N
N
3
6
33
6
E
30
N
3
33
W
30
2-27
OBS
W
Figure 28. VOR.
24
FR
N
15
15
OBS
FR
33
TO
21
TO
9
6
12
12 FR
OBS
E
E
TO
N
3
33
FR
8
6
FR
S
30
33
N
3
OBS
TO
6
W
30 FR
OBS
24 TO
24
30
S
21
21
W
5
24 TO
7
S
21
24
OBS
OBS
W
OBS
FR
33
S
21
TO
S
30
4
33
FR
3
24
W
30
OBS
W
TO
S
21
6
2
24
3
S
21
N
1
Appendix 2
Figure 31. Chart Supplement. 2-28
Appendix 2
Useful load weights and moments Baggage or 5th seat occupant
Occupants Front seats ARM 85
Rear seats ARM 121 Weight
Moment 100
Weight
Moment 100
Moment 100
120
102
120
145
10
14
130
110
130
157
20
28
140
119
140
169
30
42
150
128
150
182
40
56
160
136
160
194
50
70
170
144
170
206
60
84
180
153
180
218
70
98
190
162
190
230
80
112
200
170
200
242
90
126
100
140
ARM 140 Weight
110
154
120
168
130
182
140
196
150
210
160
224
170
238
180
252
190
266
200
280
210
294
220
308
230
322
240
336
250
350
260
364
270
378
Empty weight~2,015 MOM/100~1,554
Moment limits vs weight Moment limits are based on the following weight and center of gravity limit data (landing gear down).
Usable fuel Main wing tanks ARM 75 Gallons
Weight
Moment 100
5
30
22
10
60
45
15
90
68
20
120
90
25
150
112
30
180
135
35
210
158
40
240
180
44
264
198
Auxiliary wing tanks ARM 94 Gallons
Weight
Moment 100
5
30
28
10
60
56
15
90
85
19
114
107
*Oil Quarts
Weight
Moment 100
10
19
5
*Included in basic empty weight.
Weight condition 2,950 lb (takeoff or landing) 2,525 lb 2,475 lb or less
Forward CG limit
AFT CG limit
82.1 77.5 77.0
84.7 85.7 85.7
Figure 32. Airplane Weight and Balance Tables. 2-29
Appendix 2
Moment limits vs weight (continued) Weight
Minimum Moment 100
Maximum Moment 100
Weight
Minimum Moment 100
Maximum Moment 100
2,100
1,617
1,800
2,500
1,932
2,143
2,110
1,625
1,808
2,510
1,942
2,151
2,120
1,632
1,817
2,520
1,953
2,160
2,130
1,640
1,825
2,530
1,963
2,168
2,140
1,648
1,834
2,540
1,974
2,176
2,150
1,656
1,843
2,550
1,984
2,184
2,160
1,663
1,851
2,560
1,995
2,192
2,170
1,671
1,860
2,570
2,005
2,200
2,180
1,679
1,868
2,580
2,016
2,208
2,190
1,686
1,877
2,590
2,026
2,216
2,200
1,694
1,885
2,600
2,037
2,224
2,210
1,702
1,894
2,610
2,048
2,232
2,220
1,709
1,903
2,620
2,058
2,239
2,230
1,717
1,911
2,630
2,069
2,247
2,240
1,725
1,920
2,640
2,080
2,255
2,250
1,733
1,928
2,650
2,090
2,263
2,260
1,740
1,937
2,660
2,101
2,271
2,270
1,748
1,945
2,670
2,112
2,279
2,280
1,756
1,954
2,680
2,123
2,287
2,290
1,763
1,963
2,690
2,133
2,295
2,300
1,771
1,971
2,700
2,144
2,303
2,310
1,779
1,980
2,710
2,155
2,311
2,320
1,786
1,988
2,720
2,166
2,319
2,330
1,794
1,997
2,730
2,177
2,326
2,340
1,802
2,005
2,740
2,188
2,334
2,350
1,810
2,014
2,750
2,199
2,342
2,360
1,817
2,023
2,760
2,210
2,350
2,370
1,825
2,031
2,770
2,221
2,358
2,380
1,833
2,040
2,780
2,232
2,366
2,390
1,840
2,048
2,790
2,243
2,374
2,400
1,848
2,057
2,800
2,254
2,381
2,410
1,856
2,065
2,810
2,265
2,389
2,420
1,863
2,074
2,820
2,276
2,397
2,430
1,871
2,083
2,830
2,287
2,405
2,440
1,879
2,091
2,840
2,298
2,413
2,450
1,887
2,100
2,850
2,309
2,421
2,460
1,894
2,108
2,860
2,320
2,428
2,470
1,902
2,117
2,870
2,332
2,436
2,480
1,911
2,125
2,880
2,343
2,444
2,490
1,921
2,134
2,890
2,354
2,452
2,900
2,365
2,460
2,910
2,377
2,468
2,920
2,388
2,475
2,930
2,399
2,483
2,940
2,411
2,491
2,950
2,422
2,499
Figure 33. Airplane Weight and Balance Tables. 2-30
Appendix 2
400
ar
Re
pa ss en Fu ge el r (6 lb /g al )
300
nt
250
48 gal**
fro
38 gal*
Pi lot
&
200
pa
Loading Graph
Load Weight (pounds)
350
ers
ng
e ss
30 gal
150 20 gal
100 10 gal
50 0
Maximum Usable Fuel
Baggage or passenger on child’s seat (120 lb max.)
5
10
15
* Standard tanks ** Long range tanks
20
25
30
Load Moment/1,000 (pounds-inches) Notes:
1. Lines representing adjustable seats show the pilot or passenger center of gravity on adjustable seats positioned for an average occupant. Refer to the Loading Arrangements diagram for forward and aft limits of occupant CG range. 2. Engine Oil: 8 qt = 15 lb at −0.2 Moment/1,000 Note: The empty weight of this airplane does not include the weight of the oil.
Normal category
2,200 2,100 2,000
te go ry
1,900
ilit
y
ca
1,800
Ut
Loaded Airplane Weight (pounds)
2,300
1,700 1,600 1,500 45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Loaded Aircraft Moment/1,000 (pounds-inches)
Figure 34. Airplane Weight and Balance Graphs. 2-31
105
110
48 41 36 28 21 14 −10 2,450 7 −14 2,450
175 178 181 184 186 183 180
152 155 157 160 162 159 156
11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 10.5 9.7
6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.4 5.8 5.3
20.1 19.8 19.5 19.2 18.8 17.4 16.1
5 −15 2,450
−2 −19 2,450
−8 −22 2,450
8,000
10,000
12,000 −15 −26 2,450
14,000 −22 −30 2,450
16,000 −29 −34 2,450
Figure 35. Airplane Power Setting Table.
2-32
Note: 1. Full throttle manifold pressure settings are approximate. 2. Shaded area represents operation with full throttle.
6,000
55
171
149
11.5
6.6
20.4
−7 2,450
4,000
12 −11 2,450
19
2,000
−6 2,450
−2 2,450
2 2,450
5 2,450
9 2,450
13 2,450
16.1
17.4
18.8
19.9
20.2
20.4
20.7
21.0
21.2
5.1
5.6
6.1
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.6
9.4
10.1
10.9
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
RPM IN HG PSI GPH
17 2,450
63
°C
°F
169
147
°C
KTS MPH
27
SL
11.5
°F
Feet 6.6
IOAT
20.7
TAS
RPM IN HG PSI GPH
IOAT
Standard day (ISA) Engine MAN. Fuel flow speed press per engine
ISA −20 °C (−36 °F)
Engine MAN. Fuel flow speed press per engine
−3 2,450
Press ALT.
Cruise power settings
156
160
163
163
161
158
156
153
150
180
184
188
188
185
182
180
176
173
KTS MPH
TAS
65% Maximum continuous power (or full throttle 2,800 pounds)
43
50
57
64
72
79
84
91
99
°F
6
2,450
10 2,450
14 2,450
18 2,450
22 2,450
26 2,450
29 2,450
33 2,450
16.1
17.4
18.8
20.3
20.8
21.0
21.3
21.5
21.8
4.9
5.4
5.9
6.5
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.6
9.1
9.8
10.6
11.4
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
RPM IN HG PSI GPH 37 2,450
°C
IOAT
ISA +20 °C (+36 °F) Engine MAN. Fuel flow speed press per engine
155
160
163
166
164
161
159
156
153
178
184
188
191
189
185
183
180
176
KTS MPH
TAS
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
0°
10° 20°
Example:
A
40 knots wind at 30° angle A 30° angle between wind and runway B 40 knots total wind velocity C 35 knots headwind component D 20 knots crosswind component
30°
60
Win dv elo cit y
50
40°
Use plastic overlay
Headwind component
50° 40 60°
B
C
30 70° 20 80° 10
0
90°
D
10
20
30 40 50 Crosswind component
60
70
Figure 36. Crosswind Component Graph.
2-33
2-34
Pre
Figure 37. Airplane Landing Distance Graph. feet
ISA
°F -40° -20°
0°
20° 40° 60° 80° 100° 120°
°C -40° -30° -20° -10° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° Outside air temperature
ude -
altit ssure
Retarded to maintain 900/ft on final approach Down Down Paved, level, dry surface IAS as tabulated Maximum
000 10, ,000 8 00 6,0 ,000 0 4 ,00 .L. 2 S
Power Flaps Landing gear Runway Approach speed Braking
2,800
2,600 2,400 2,200
2,950 2,800
80 78 75 72 69
70 68 65 63 60
2,600 2,400 Weight (pounds)
MPH
25 °C (77 °F) 3,965 feet 2,814 lb 9.0 knots (headwind)
2,200
ad
wi nd
0 10 20 30 Wind component (knots)
He
Ground roll 1,080 feet Total over 50 feet obstacle 1,700 feet Approach speed 68 knots (78 mph)
OAT Pressure altitude Weight Wind component
Reference line
kts
Example:
d
Speed at 50 ft
win Tail
Weight pounds
0
50
e
Obstacle (feet)
Gu ide Ob li s tac for I nes le nte not he rm a p i g hts edia plic te ab l
Reference line
Associated conditions:
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
Appendix 2
Distance (feet)
Reference line
2-35
60
1,600
445
Ground roll 1,075
Total to clear 50 feet OBS
At sea level & 59 °F
470
Ground roll 1,135
Total to clear 50 feet OBS
At 2,500 feet & 50 °F
495
Ground roll
1,195
Total to clear 50 feet OBS
At 5,000 feet & 41 °F
520
Ground roll
1,255
Total to clear 50 feet OBS
At 7,500 feet & 32 °F
Flaps lowered to 40° – Power off Hard surface runway – Zero wind
3. For operation on a dry, grass runway, increase distance (both “ground roll” and “total to clear 50 feet obstacle”) by 20% of the “total to clear 50 feet obstacle” figure.
1. Decrease the distances shown by 10% for each 4 knots of headwind. 2. Increase the distance by 10% for each 60 °F temperature increase above standard.
Approach speed, IAS, MPH
Gross weight lb
NOTE:
Landing distance
Appendix 2
Figure 38. Airplane Landing Distance Table.
500
2-36
FO
0°
510
°
Figure 39. Gyroplane Takeoff and Landing Graphs. ° 40
Total landing distance
520
60
° 100
530
540
0
800
Pressure altitude
1,000
2,000
3,000
°
OA
T 0° F
Total takeoff distance
1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000
40
° 60
° 80
4,000
0
AT
20
Total takeoff distance to clear a 50 feet obstacle
10
°
Weight 1,500 lb – Zero wind – Rotor pre-rotated to 450 rpm – Smooth hard surface runway
° 80
° 20
°
Total landing distance to clear a 50 feet obstacle
Appendix 2
2-37
P
Figure 40. Airplane Takeoff Distance Graph.
°F -40° -20°
0°
20° 40° 60° 80° 100° 120°
2,800
Power Full throttle 2,600 rpm Mixture Lean to appropriate fuel pressure Flaps Up Landing Retract after positive gear climb established Cowl Open flaps
°C -40° -30° -20° -10° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° Outside air temperature
eet
f de titu l a e sur ISA res
66 knots (76 mph) 72 knots (83 mph)
2,300 feet
1,375 feet
15 °C (59 °F) 5,650 feet 2,950 lb 9.0 knots
000 10, 00 8,0 000 6, 00 4,0 000 . 2, S.L
Ground roll Total distance over a 50 feet obstacle Takeoff speed at Lift-off 50 feet
OAT Pressure altitude Takeoff weight Headwind comp.
Reference line
66 64 63 61 58
2,200
76 74 72 70 67 72 70 68 66 63
He ad win d
83 81 78 76 73
50 ft kts MPH
Reference line 0 10 20 30 Wind component (knots)
Reference line
Takeoff speed Lift-off kts MPH
2,600 2,400 Weight (pounds)
2,950 2,800 2,600 2,400 2,200
Weight pounds
ind
Associated conditions
ilw Ta
at
e
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
0 0 50 Obstacle height (feet)
e cl ta s b O
ig he
s ht
G ap uid In te pl e l rm ica in e b le s n fo ot r ed i
Example:
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
2,400 195 lb fuel
2,300
600 lb cabin load Max. approved weight
2,200
ga
3 Passengers
ns llo 0 24
2,000 1,900
lb
Weight (pounds)
40
2,100
Pilot and one passenger
Ze
1,800
ro
1 Pilot fu
1,700
Note: Assumed 170 lb pilot & passengers
1,600 1,500
el
86
88
90
92
94
96
CG (inches aft of datum) Figure 41. Helicopter Weight and Balance Graph.
2-38
98
100
Appendix 2 34
170
32
165
A
B C
160
30 28
44
Main tank & auxilliary tank Sta. 107.0
26
155 150
40 Moment in thousands of pound (inches)
Moment in thousands of pound (inches)
24
35
22 20
30 18 16
25
Pilot and passenger Sta. 83.90
14
20
12 10
145
A
Aft CG limit 100.0
140 135 B
130
Forward CG limit fuel tank full 25 gal
125 120
Forward CG limit 95.0 0 fuel
115 110
15
105
8
10
6
100
4
95
Denotes aux fuel range
Denotes aux fuel range
5 2
1,000
1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700
Aircraft weight (pounds)
0 0
100
200
300
400
CG chart
Load weight (pounds) Loading chart
Figure 42. Helicopter Weight and Balance Graphs.
2-39
C
Appendix 2
Gross weight (pounds)
Approved center of gravity envelopes lateral and longitudinal
2,200
2,000
Approved area
1,800
1,600
92
94
96
98
100
Longitudinal CG (inches aft of datum) Lateral offset moment envelope
2,200 2,100 2,000 1,900 1,800
Left
Lateral offset moment Pound (inches) Figure 43. Helicopter CG Envelopes. 2-40
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
−1,000
−2,000
−3,000
1,600
−4,000
1,700 −5,000
Gross weight (pounds)
2,300
Right
Appendix 2 Center of gravity moment envelope Normal category
Maximum takeoff weight
1,500
1,450
Total weight (pounds)
Example point 1,400
1,350
Fuel consumption
1,300
Minimum flying weight
1,250
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
Total aircraft moment X 1,000 (pound - inches)
Figure 44. Gyroplane Weight and Balance Graph.
2-41
116
118
Appendix 2
Loading chart
300
250 Seat FWD Seat AFT
Weight (pounds)
200
150
Full 100
15 gal
Max
10 gal 50 5 gal Code Configuration Pilot/passenger Baggage Fuel
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Load moment x 1000 (pound – inches)
Figure 45. Gyroplane Weight and Balance Graph.
2-42
20
22
Appendix 2
Height velocity diagram for operation at sea level (Tests conducted on prepared surfaces) 2,200 pounds gross weight
Avoid operation in this area
600
Height above terrain (feet)
500
Safe operating area 400
300 Recommended takeoff profile
200
Best rate of climb speed at sea level
100
0
Use caution in this area to avoid contact of tail rotor guard with ground 40
0
20
40
60
Indicated airspeed (mph)
Figure 46. Helicopter Height Velocity Diagram.
2-43
80
100
Appendix 2
A
B
C
D
Figure 47. VASI Illustrations.
2-44
17 R
Ramp
12
B
17 L
A
Itinerant Rammp
Appendix 2
Tower Air Carrier Terminal
C
30 D E
N
35 L
35 R
Figure 48. Airport Diagram.
2-45
Appendix 2
22
18 36
4
Figure 49. Airport Diagram.
2-46
Appendix 2
N
Wind cone
Figure 50. Wind Sock Airport Landing Indicator.
2-47
Appendix 2 Approved OMB No. 2120-0026 Exp. 5/31/2017
International Flight Plan
U S Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration
PRIORITY
ADDRESSEE(S)
<=FF
FILING TIME
<=
ORIGINATOR
<=
SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION OF ADDRESSEE(S) AND / OR ORIGINATOR 7 AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION
3 MESSAGE TYPE
<=(FPL
9 NUMBER
TYPE OF AIRCRAFT
15 CRUISING SPEED
LEVEL
<=
10 EQUIPMENT
WAKE TURBULENCE CAT.
/
TIME
13 DEPARTURE AERODROME
TYPE OF FLIGHT
8 FLIGHT RULES
<=
/
<=
ROUTE
<=
TOTAL EET 16 DESTINATION AERODROME
HR
ALTN AERODROME
MIN
2ND ALTN AERODROME
<=
18 OTHER INFORMATION
19
E/
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION (NOT TO BE TRANSMITTED IN FPL MESSAGES) ENDURANCE EMERGENCY RADIO HR MIN VHF ELT PERSONS ON BOARD UHF
P/
/
D / A/ N / C/
P
D
M
DINGHIES NUMBER CAPACITY COVER
R/
JACKETS
SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT POLAR DESERT MARITIME JUNGLE
/
J COLOR
U
LIGHT FLUORES
L
F
V UHF
U
<=
E VHF
V
<=
C AIRCRAFT COLOR AND MARKINGS REMARKS
<=
PILOT-IN-COMMAND FILED BY
)<= ACCEPTED BY
FAA Form 7233-4 (7/15)
Figure 51. Flight Plan Form.
2-48
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Appendix 2
Figure 52. Chart Supplement. 2-49
Appendix 2
Stations diagram Rear seat STA. 74.70 Front seat STA. 43.80 STA. 0
Empty weight ............................................... 610 pounds Empty weight station ................................. 96.47 inches Maximum gross weight............................. 1,040 pounds Center of gravity limits ...............Stations 78.20 to 86.10 Figure 53. Glider Weight and Balance Diagram.
2-50
Appendix 2
L/D max 30.9:1 at 53 mph â&#x20AC;&#x201C; min sink 2.2 FPS at 44 mph
30
12
28
10
26
L/D glide angle
8
24
6
22
4 Vs
L/D
20
Vs sinking speed 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 94 98 V-MPH Figure 54. Glider Performance Graph.
2-51
FPS
2
Appendix 2 2
1
Fans
3
Rudder
4
5
tly
7
Pu
n ge ll
ll
Pu
ge
nt
ly
6
8 Roll
9
10 Fishtail Roll 11
12 Roll
Move out
13
Waggle rudder
Figure 55. Standard Soaring Signals.
2-52
Fishtail
Appendix 2
°C +50
°F +120
Se ve
et
l
fe
t
t ee
ee 0f
le
00
a
5,0
,0 0
+100
0f ,00 10
15
+40
+30 +80
0 ,00 11 ,000 0 12 ,00 13 ,000 14
+20
+10
+40
Free lift only
0
+20 Sample: computed maximum
−10
Envelope temperature Gross weight Typical free lift Ambient temperature Basket weight Envelope weight Empty tanks Fuel Passenger weight Total weight
0 −20
−20
300 °F 1,663 lb 150 lb 60 °F 130 lb 152 lb 78 lb 126 lb 720 lb 1,206 lb
Max gross weight
Air temperature
+60
At “gross weight” find 1,206 lb proceed vertical to intersect 60 °F horizontal line. Maximum height with 1,206 total weight would be 11,000 feet MSL.
−30
−40 −40
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Gross Weight (pounds)
Figure 56. Hot Air Balloon Performance Graph. 2-53
1600
1800
2-54
Figure 57. Hot Air Balloon Performance Graph.
0 -20°
200
400
-10°
0°
10°
20°
0 feet
30° 40° 50° 60° 70 Ambient temperature altitude (°F)
Note: Propane pressure marginal below 0°F
15,00
600
et
00 fe
et
0 fe
el –
-lev
°80°
100°
altit ude
90°
sure
pres
110°
120°
Balloon volume = 56,400 cu ft Balloon internal temp = 250°F (Max. permissible for sustained operation Approx. empty weight = 335 lb) (with two tanks)
Sea 5,00 10,0
erature
rd temp
Standa
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Maximum gross weight limits
Appendix 2
Gross weight (pounds)
Appendix 2
For Steer For Steer
N 0 S 181
30 27 210 214
60 56 240 244
E 85 W 274
Figure 58. Compass Card.
2-55
120 116 300 303
150 148 330 332
Appendix 2
Figure 59. Sectional Chart Excerpt. Note: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-56
Appendix 2
15"
20"
CG
CG
500 LB
250 LB
15" CG Plank weight 200 LB
45"
45"
Figure 60. Weight and Balance Diagram.
2-57
Appendix 2
Datum 50"
100" 25"
X
CG
Y
Z
CG
CG
Fulcrum Figure 61. Weight and Balance Diagram.
2-58
Appendix 2
1
Wind
2
3 4
Figure 62. Rectangular Course.
2-59
Appendix 2
Figure 63. Chart Supplement. 2-60
19
Appendix 2
A
C
B
Terminal
A
A E D
F
4
Figure 64. Airport Markings.
2-61
Appendix 2
A
B
C
4 - 22
H
4 - APCH
TERM
ILS
D
I
22
J
B
K
E
B
4
L
F
22
HS-1
M
N
G
Figure 65. U.S. Airport Signs.
2-62
Appendix 2
2
1
3
4
6
Wind
5
Figure 66. S-Turn Diagram.
2-63
Appendix 2 Occupants
Empty Weight Data *Oil is included in empty weight
Front seats
Empty Weight (pountds)
Empty Weight Moment (/100)
2,110
1,652
Certificated Weight
ARM 85 inches
Alt Position ARM 136 inches
Weight (pounds)
Moment (in-lb)
Weight (pounds)
Moment (in-lb)
Moment (in-lb)
120
102
120
133
163
Fuel
130
111
130
144
177
ARM 75 inches
140
119
140
155
190
128
150
167
204
Gallons
Weight (pounds)
Moment (in-ib)
Gallons
Weight (pounds)
Moment (in-lb)
150 160
136
160
178
218
5
30
23
45
270
203
170
145
170
189
231
10
60
45
49
294
221
180
153
180
200
245
15
90
68
55
330
248
190
162
190
211
258
20
120
90
60
360
270
200
170
200
222
273
25
150
113
65
390
293
30
180
135
70
420
315
35
210
158
75
450
338
40
240
180
80
480
360
Baggage ARM 150
Gross Weight Moment Limits 2,80
3,00
2,90
0
0
0
0
0 0
2,30
0
135 150
110
165
3,200
120
180
3,100
130
195
140
210
150
225
160
240
170
255
180
270
190
285
200
300
210
315
220
330
2,10
2,800
0
2,700
1,90
0
75
100
2,900
2,00
60
50
120
3,000
0
45
40
90
2,20
0
30
30
80
3,300
2,40
15
20
90
3,400
2,50
10
105
3,500
2,60
Moment (in-lb)
70
3,600
0
Weight (pounds)
60
2,600
Weight – pounds
2,70
Moment / 100 – inches pounds
Rear seats Fwd Position ARM 111 inches
1,80
2,500
1,70
2,400
230
345
2,300
240
360
250
375
260
390
270
405
0
0
1,60
0
2,200
1,50
0
2,100 74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
2,000
NOTE: All moments are equal to
weight × arm 100
Center of gravity – inches aft of datum
Figure 67. Weight and Balance Chart.
2-64
A
C
S
N
B
Appendix 2
Figure 68. Wind Triangle. 2-65
Appendix 2
Figure 69. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-66
Appendix 2
Figure 70. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-67
Appendix 2
Figure 71. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-68
Load factor
2-69
Figure 72. Velocity vs. G-Loads.
–2
–1
0
1
2
3
4
5
20
40
Normal stall speed
60
J
A
80
I
+15 fps
+30 fps
120
140
–30 fps
Indicated airspeed (mph)
100
H
–15 fps
Normal operating range
B
C
G 160
D
180
Caution range
200
F
Never exceed speed
220
Structural damage
E
Maximum structural cruise
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Check controls
Open towhook
Close towhook
Thumb moves through circle
Figure 73. Glider Hand Signals.
2-70
Raise wingtip to level position
Appendix 2
Figure 74. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-71
Appendix 2
Figure 75. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-72
Appendix 2
Figure 76. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-73
Appendix 2
340
SOUTH DAKOTA PIERRE RGNL
(PIR) 3E UTC 6( 5DT) N44 °22.96 W100°17.16 OMAHA 1744 B S4 FUEL 100LL, JET A OX 1, 2, 3, 4 Class I, ARFF Index A NOTAM FILE PIR H–2I, L–12H RWY 13–31: H6900X100 (ASPH–GRVD) S–91, D–108, 2S–137, 2D–168 HIRL IAP RWY 13: REIL. PAPI(P4L)—GA 3.0 ° TCH 52 . RWY 31: MALSR. PAPI(P4L)—GA 3.0 ° TCH 52 . RWY 07–25: H6881X150 (ASPH–GRVD) S–91, D–114, 2S–145, 2D–180 HIRL 0.6% up W RWY 07: REIL. PAPI(P4L)—GA 3.0 ° TCH 47 . Tank. RWY 25: REIL. PAPI(P4L)—GA 3.0 ° TCH 54 . RUNWAY DECLARED DISTANCE INFORMATION RWY 07: TORA–6881 TODA–6881 ASDA–6830 LDA–6830 RWY 13: TORA–6900 TODA–6900 ASDA–6900 LDA–6900 RWY 25: TORA–6881 TODA–6881 ASDA–6881 LDA–6881 RWY 31: TORA–6900 TODA–6900 ASDA–6900 LDA–6900 AIRPORT REMARKS: Attended Mon–Fri 1100–0600Z‡, Sat–Sun 1100–0400Z‡. For attendant other times call 605–224–9000/8621. Arpt conditions unmonitored during 0530–1000Z‡. Numerous non–radio acft operating in area. Birds on and invof arpt and within a 25 NM radius. No line of sight between rwy ends of Rwy 07–25. ARFF provided for part 121 air carrier ops only. 48 hr PPR for unscheduled acr ops involving acft designed for 31 or more passenger seats call 605–773–7447 or 605–773–7405. Taxiway C is 50 wide and restricted to acft 75,000 pounds or less. ACTIVATE HIRL Rwy 13–31 and Rwy 07–25, MALSR Rwy 31, REIL Rwy 07, Rwy 13 and Rwy 25, PAPI Rwy 07, Rwy 25, Rwy 13 and Rwy 31—CTAF 122.7. NOTE: See Special Notices Section— Aerobatic Practice Areas. WEATHER DATA SOURCES: ASOS 119.025 (605) 224–6087. HIWAS 112.5 PIR. COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF 122.7 UNICOM 122.95 RCO 122.2 (HURON RADIO) R MINNEAPOLIS CENTER APP/DEP CON 125.1 RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE PIR. (L) VORTACW 112.5 PIR Chan 72 N44 °23.67 W100°09.77 251° 5.3 NM to fld. 1789/11E. HIWAS. ILS/DME 111.9 I–PIR Chan 56 Rwy 31. Class IA ILS GS unusable for coupled apch blo 2,255 . GS unusable blo 2135 .
PINE RIDGE
(IEN) 2E UTC 7( 6DT) N43 °01.35 W102°30.66 3333 B NOTAM FILE IEN RWY 12–30: H5000X60 (ASPH) S–12 MIRL 0.7% up SE RWY 12: P–line. RWY 30: PAPI(P2L)—GA 3.0 ° TCH 26 . Fence. RWY 06–24: H3003X50 (ASPH) S–12 0.7% up NE RWY 24: Fence. AIRPORT REMARKS: Unattended. Rwy 06–24 CLOSED indef. MIRL Rwy 12–30 and PAPI Rwy 30 opr dusk–0530Z ‡, after 0530Z ‡ ACTIVATE—CTAF. WEATHER DATA SOURCES: ASOS 126.775 (605) 867–1584. COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF 122.9 DENVER CENTER APP/DEP CON 127.95 RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE RAP. RAPID CITY (H) VORTAC 112.3 RAP Chan 70 N43 °58.56 W103°00.74 146° 61.3 NM to fld. 3160/13E.
Figure 77. Chart Supplement. 2-74
CHEYENNE H–5B, L–12G IAP
Appendix 2
Figure 78. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-75
Appendix 2
64
IOWA SIOUX CITY
N42°20.67 W96°19.42 NOTAM FILE SUX OMAHA (L) VORTAC 116.5 SUX Chan 112 313 ° 4.4 NM to Sioux Gateway/Col Bud Day Fld. 1087/9E. HIWAS. L–12I VOR unusable: 280°–292° byd 25 NM 306°–350° byd 20 NM blo 3,000 293°–305° byd 20 NM blo 4,500 350°–280° byd 30 NM blo 3,000 293°–305° byd 35 NM RCO 122.45 122.1R 116.5T (FORT DODGE RADIO)
SIOUX CITY
SIOUX GATEWAY/COL BUD DAY FLD
(SUX) 6S UTC 6( 5DT) N42 °24.16 W96°23.06 OMAHA 1098 B S4 FUEL 100LL, 115, JET A OX 1, 2, 3, 4 Class I, ARFF Index—See Remarks H–5C, L–12I NOTAM FILE SUX IAP, AD RWY 13–31: H9002X150 (CONC–GRVD) S–100, D–120, 2S–152, 2D–220 HIRL RWY 13: MALS. VASI(V4L)—GA 3.0 ° TCH 49 . Tree. RWY 31: MALSR. VASI(V4L)—GA 3.0 ° TCH 50 . RWY 17–35: H6600X150 (ASPH–PFC) S–65, D–80, 2S–102, 2D–130 MIRL RWY 17: REIL. VASI(V4R)—GA 3.0 ° TCH 50 . Trees. RWY 35: PAPI(P4L)—GA 3.0 ° TCH 54 . Pole. LAND AND HOLD SHORT OPERATIONS LANDING HOLD SHORT POINT DIST AVBL RWY 13 17–35 5400 RWY 17 13–31 5650 ARRESTING GEAR/SYSTEM RWY 13 ←BAK–14 BAK–12B(B) (1392 ) BAK–14 BAK–12B(B) (1492 ) →RWY 31 AIRPORT REMARKS: Attended continuously. PAEW 0330–1200Z ‡ during inclement weather Nov–Apr. AER 31–BAK–12/14 located (1492 ) from thld. Airfield surface conditions not monitored by arpt management between 0600–1000Z ‡ daily. Rwy 13–BAK–12/14 located (1392 ) from thld. All A–gear avbl only during ANG flying ops. Twr has limited visibility southeast of ramp near ARFF bldg and northeast of Rwy 31 touchdown zone. Rwy 31 is calm wind rwy. Class I, ARFF Index B. ARFF Index E fire fighting equipment avbl on request. Twy F unlit, retro–reflective markers in place. Portions of Twy A SE of Twy B not visible by twr and is designated a non–movement area. Rwy 13–31 touchdown and rollout rwy visual range avbl. When twr clsd, ACTIVATE HIRL Rwy 13–31; MIRL Rwy 17–35; MALS Rwy 13; MALSR Rwy 31; and REIL Rwy 17—CTAF. WEATHER DATA SOURCES: ASOS (712) 255–6474. HIWAS 116.5 SUX. LAWRS. COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF 118.7 ATIS 119.45 UNICOM 122.95 SIOUX CITY RCO 122.45 122.1R 116.5T (FORT DODGE RADIO) R SIOUX CITY APP/DEP CON 124.6 (1200–0330Z ‡) R MINNEAPOLIS CENTER APP/DEP CON 124.1 (0330–1200Z ‡) SIOUX CITY TOWER 118.7 (1200–0330Z ‡) GND CON 121.9 AIRSPACE: CLASS D svc 1200–0330Z ‡ other times CLASS E. RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE SUX. SIOUX CITY (L) VORTAC 116.5 SUX Chan 112 N42 °20.67 W96°19.42 313° 4.4 NM to fld. 1087/9E. HIWAS. at fld. NDB (MHW) 233 GAK N42 °24.49 W96°23.16 SALIX NDB (MHW/LOM) 414 SU N42 °19.65 W96°17.43 311° 6.1 NM to fld. Unmonitored. TOMMI NDB (MHW/LOM) 305 OI N42 °27.61 W96°27.73 128° 4.9 NM to fld. Unmonitored. ILS 109.3 I–SUX Rwy 31 Class IT. LOM SALIX NDB. ILS Unmonitored when twr clsd. Glide path unusable coupled approach (CPD) blo 1805 . ILS 111.3 I–OIQ Rwy 13 LOM TOMMI NDB. Localizer shutdown when twr clsd. ASR (1200–0330Z‡)
SNORE
N43°13.96 W95°19.66 NOTAM FILE SPW. NDB (LOM) 394 SP 121 ° 6.8 NM to Spencer Muni.
SOUTHEAST IOWA RGNL
(See BURLINGTON)
Figure 79. Chart Supplement. 2-76
OMAHA
Appendix 2
Figure 80. Sectional Chart Excerpt. NOTE: Chart is not to scale and should not be used for navigation. Use associated scale. 2-77
Appendix 2
216
COLORADO CRAWFORD
(99V) 2 W UTC 7( 6DT) N38 °42.25 W107°38.62 DENVER 6470 S2 OX 4 TPA—7470(1000) NOTAM FILE DEN L–9E RWY 07–25: H4900X20 (ASPH) LIRL (NSTD) RWY 07: VASI (NSTD). Trees. RWY 25: VASI (NSTD) Tank. Rgt tfc. RWY E–W: 2500X125 (TURF) RWY E: Rgt tfc. RWY W: Trees. AIRPORT REMARKS: Attended continuously. Rwy 07–25 west 1300 only 25 wide. Heavy glider ops at arpt. Land to the east tkf to the west winds permitting. 100LL fuel avbl for emergency use only. Pedestrians, motor vehicles, deer and wildlife on and invof arpt. Unlimited vehicle use on arpt. Rwy West has +15 building 170 from thld 30 left, +10 road 100 from thld centerline. +45 tree 100 L of Rwy 07 extended centerline 414 from rwy end. 8 to 20 terrain off both sides of first 674 of Rwy 25 end. E–W rwy occasionally has 6 inch diameter irrigation pipes crossing rwy width in various places. Rwy 07 has 20 trees and –10 to 20 terrain 20 right of rwy first 150 . E–W rwy consists of +12 inch alfalfa vegetation during various times of the year. Arpt lgts opr dusk–0800Z‡. Rwy 07 1 box VASI left side for local operators only or PPR call 970–921–7700 or 970–921–3018. Rwy 07–25 LIRL on N side from Rwy 25 end W 3800 . Rwy 07 1300 from end E 300 . No thld lgts Rwy 07–25 3800 usable for ngt ops. COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF/UNICOM 122.8 RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE MTJ. MONTROSE (H) VORW/DME 117.1 MTJ Chan 118 N38 °30.39 W107°53.96 033° 16.9 NM to fld. 5713/12E.
CREEDE
MINERAL CO MEM
(C24) 2E UTC 7( 6DT) N37 °49.33 W106°55.79 DENVER 8680 NOTAM FILE DEN H–3E, L–9E RWY 07–25: H6880X60 (ASPH) S–12.5, D–70, 2D–110 RWY 07: Thld dsplcd 188 . RWY 25: Road. AIRPORT REMARKS: Unattended. Elk and deer on and invof arpt. Glider and hang glider activity on and in vicinity of arpt. Mountains in all directions. Departure to NE avoid over flight of trailers and resident homes, climb to 200 above ground level on centerline extended prior to turn. Acft stay to right of valley on apch and/or departure route. 2 cable fence around apron. COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF 122.9 RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE DEN. BLUE MESA (H) VORW/DME 114.9 HBU Chan 96 N38 °27.13 W107°02.39 158° 38.1 NM to fld. 8730/14E.
CUCHARA VALLEY AT LA VETA
(See LA VETA)
DEL NORTE
ASTRONAUT KENT ROMINGER
(8V1) 3N UTC 7( 6DT) N37 °42.83 W106°21.11 DENVER 7949 NOTAM FILE DEN H–3E, L–9E RWY 06–24: 6050X75 (ASPH) 1.1% up SW RWY 03–21: 4670X60 (TURF–DIRT) RWY 21: Mountain. AIRPORT REMARKS: Unattended. Wildlife on and invof arpt. Unlimited vehicle access on arpt. Mountainous terrain surrounds arpt in all directions. COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF 122.9 RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE ALS. ALAMOSA (H) VORTACW 113.9 ALS Chan 86 N37 °20.95 W105°48.93 298° 33.7 NM to fld. 7535/13E.
Figure 81. Chart Supplement. 2-78
1
7
8
2-79
6
CALIBRATED TO 20,000 FEET
I
5 4
ALT
FEET
9 0
I00
3
2
29.4 29.5 29.6
2
7
8 6
CALIBRATE D TO 20,000 FEET
I
5 4
ALT
FEET
9 0
I00
3
2
29.4 29.5 29.6
3
7
8
6
AL T
I
5 4
LIB R 20 TO ATE ,00 D 0F EE T
CA
FEET
9 0
I00
3
2
29.4 29.5 29.6
Appendix 2
Figure 82. Altimeter.