European Practices for Social Integration through Sport by Efus

European Practices for Social Integration through Sport

Published by the European Forum for Urban Security (Efus), this publication is the result of the “European Prize for Social Integration through Sport - SPORT+” project which was carried out in 2015 and 2016. It was prepared by Carla Napolano, the Programme Manager, under the direction of Elizabeth Johnston, Executive Director, with the contribution of project partners. The use and reproduction for non-commercial purposes are royalty free as long as the source is specified.

Editing: Nathalie Bourgeois Translation: Nathalie Bourgeois and Nathalie Elson Revision: Emilie Voight Layout: Pollen Studio

Printing: Cloître Imprimeurs, Saint-Thonan (France) ISBN: 2-913181-49-X Legal deposit: January 2017

European Forum for Urban Security 10, rue des Montiboeufs 75020 Paris - France Tel.: + 33 (0)1 40 64 49 00 contact@efus.eu - www.efus.eu @efusnews

Support from the European Commission for the production of this publication does not constitute endorsement of its content, which only reflects the views of its authors. The European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

The presentations of each project were drafted from information provided by their representatives. Any statements or opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the point of view of Efus or any of its members.

Photo credits:

Couv. Bart Homburg - vvg koeln, p.12-13 Real Madrid, p. 14-15 Mondiali Antirazzisti Press Office / Antonio Marcello, p. 16-17 iStockphoto/ jacoblund - iStockphoto/ vgajic, p.18-19 Marco Mastroianni, p.20-21 Real Madrid, p. 22-25 PLAY International - Ville de Roubaix, p. 26-27 Mark Henderson - Ken Mc Cue, p. 28-29 iStockphoto/Dangubic - iStockphoto/ gpointstudio, p.30-31 Rushcliffe Borough Council and Nottingham Rugby Club, p. 32-33 iStockphoto/FatCamera, p.34-35 vvg koeln, p. 36-37 iStockphoto/FatCamera - iStockphoto/Kalulu, p. 38-39 BAGázs FC, p. 40-41 City Pirates VZW, p. 42-43 APCAS, p. 44-45 Clube de Escalada de Braga, p. 46-47 HC Feijenoord, p. 48-49 iStockphoto/m-gucci, p. 50-51 Icehearts, p. 52-53 iStockphoto/ Bigandt_Photography - iStockphoto/janews, p. 54-55 Freedom Skaters, p. 56-57 Jeremy Burlen/Asptt Stade Bordelais, p. 58-59 Bart Homburg, p. 60-61 iStockphoto/jacoblund, p. 62-63 RollerFootball, p. 64-65 Carla Lima/O Notícias da Trofa, p. 66-67 iStockphoto/nenadpitarevic - iStockphoto/jacoblund, p. 68-69 Fan Coaching, p. 70-71 Erik Hart, p. 72-73 Fotogruppo 60 BFI di Reggio Emilia, p.76 RollerFootball - vvg koeln.

European Practices for Social Integration through Sport

Acknowledgements The SPORT+ project was successfully carried out thanks to the commitment of representatives from the five partners: the non-profit organisation Fan CoachingEurofan (Belgium), the University of Zaragoza (Spain), the Italian Forum for Urban Security (FISU), the Knowledge Centre for Sport Netherlands (Kenniscentrum Sport) and the Higher Institute of Police Sciences and Homeland Security in Portugal (Instituto Superior de Ciências Policiais e Segurança Interna). We also thank the municipalities of Saint-Denis, Lomme, Béthoncourt (France), Bologna (Italy), Turku (Finland) and Cologne (Germany), their elected representatives and their staff for hosting the Prize ceremony and local events and for sharing their experiences and knowledge. We also thank the members of the supporting committee for their contribution and support, especially Marco De Marchi, sponsor of this first edition. In addition to the European Commission and its financial support, without which our project and this publication would not have been possible, we would like to thank all those who welcomed us during the Prize ceremony and local events as well as the cities, organisations and associations that submitted applications for the Prize.

Project partners

Salomon Aktan (Fan Coaching-Eurofan, Belgium), Marco Fernando Gimeno (University of Zaragoza, Spain), Gian Guido Nobili (Italian Forum for Urban Security), Anita Vlasveld, Dorien Dijk (Kenniscentrum Sport, Netherlands), Sergio Ricardo Felgueiras, Maria Isaura Silva Teixeira Marques de Almeida (Instituto Superior de Ciências Policiais e Segurança Interna, Portugal).

Table of contents p.06/ Foreword p.07•11/ Introduction Practices p.12•21/ “Prevention and fight against racism” Category p.22•31/ “Promotion of gender equality” Category p.32•47/ “Integration of marginalised populations” Category p.48•59/ “Integration of populations at risk” Category p.60•73/ “Education for active citizenship or fair play” Category p.74•75/ Organiser and jury

Foreword For the past 30 years, the European Forum for Urban Security has been promoting a vision of security founded upon the triptych of prevention, sanction and social cohesion. As such, Efus works alongside the 250 European local and regional authorities that have joined its network, providing technical and political support. In their Aubervilliers and Saint-Denis Manifesto (2012), Efus members established that “social prevention policies were particularly effective in the fight against violence and criminality” and that prevention, as opposed to sanction, “is less expensive not only from an economic but also from a social point of view”.

Among the measures aimed at strengthening social cohesion, sport seems a particularly effective method. It is used to promote team spirit, equal opportunities and civic values such as tolerance and respect for others, regardless of their social and/ or cultural origin. Many cities and regions in Europe support sports programmes, especially for the younger generations, with the objective of strengthening social ties. To provide greater visibility for these practices and to inspire others, we launched the “European Prize for Social Integration through Sport” in 2015. This initiative has allowed the collection of almost 200 practices from 18 different countries, reflecting the dynamism and local mobilisation in this area. This publication presents a selection of practices considered particularly interesting by the jury of the “European Prize for Social Integration through Sport” because of their positive impact, their innovation and because they reach particularly vulnerable citizens. The practices presented here reflect the broad range of different experiences of social integration through sport that can be found in Europe. Efus therefore intends to renew this initiative and organise a second edition of the European Prize for Social Integration through Sport in 2017.

Elizabeth Johnston Executive Director

INTRODUCTION The project This publication is the result of work carried out in 2015 and 2016 as part of the European project “European Prize for Social Integration through Sport - SPORT+”. This project was co-funded by the European Commission and involved the collaboration of the European Forum for Urban Security (Efus), the non-profit organisation Fan Coaching-Eurofan (Belgium), the University of Zaragoza (Spain), the Italian Forum for Urban Security (FISU), the Knowledge Centre for Sport Netherlands (Kenniscentrum Sport) and the Higher Institute of Police Sciences and Homeland Security in Portugal (Instituto Superior de Ciencias Policiais e Seguranca Interna, Portugal). The objective of the SPORT+ project was to identify sport-based prevention practices which contribute to community building and the dissemination of messages of respect, citizenship, the fight against discrimination and racism and the prevention of all forms of violence. The work was organised around the following activities: definition of the Prize; call for practices; selection criteria for the practices; jury meetings; Prize ceremony at the same time as the Euro 2016 European football cup; organisation of five “Local Sport Days”; production of videos presenting the five winning practices and, finally, the dissemination, more specifically through this publication, of the best selected practices. A jury including members of Efus and project partners, with the support of a steering committee, worked on the definition of the call for applications and the selection of these practices. The Prize was split into five distinct categories in order to highlight the angle of action and the groups targeted by the practices, but also to promote a certain number of values and principles shared by members of Efus and project partners. The following categories were therefore chosen: prevention and fight against racism, promotion

of gender equality, integration of marginalised populations, integration of populations at risk and finally, education for active citizenship or fair play. At the time of the call for applications, eligibility and selection criteria were communicated and made clear by the jury. Any local authority, association, NGO or private organisation working with local authorities belonging to one of the 28 Member States of the European Union was eligible. Governments and all projects already funded by the European Commission were invited to share their practices but were prohibited from applying for the Prize. The jury took the view that it was inappropriate to provide financial support to national organisations or to projects funded by the European Commission. The selection of practices was carried out in two steps. First, the jury completed an overall assessment of the projects they had received. Their impact and their consistency with the category to which they applied were considered. Projects that moved beyond this first step were then assessed on a deeper level according to eight criteria such as replicability, sustainability, cost/benefit ratio and partnership and innovation. The five winners and practices that were selected were invited to attend the European Prize for Social Integration through Sport prize ceremony during the “Euro 2016 debates” organised by the Agency for Education through Sport (Agence pour l’Education par le Sport - APELS) and the municipality of Saint-Denis (France). As one of the objectives of the Prize was to support the promotion and replicability of good practices in other contexts, the winners were required to use the funding they received to strengthen their practices by organising a promotional event named the “Local Sport Day”. This is how the cities of Turku in Finland, Lomme and Bethoncourt in France, Bologna in Italy and Cologne in Germany were able to organise Local Sport Days to present their winning practices to the public and their local partners.

Category Prevention and fight against racism

The objective of the “Prevention and fight against racism” category was to encourage the collection of local initiatives implemented by independent sports organisations. The aim of these practices is the promotion of tolerance and the prevention of all forms of discrimination which, directly or indirectly, imply a distinction, an exclusion, a restriction or a preference based on gender, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin or individual or collective religious beliefs and practices. Very few experiences were received for this category, despite its particular relevance in today’s Europe. It should indeed be noted that, in Europe, certain sports such as football are still often used as a pretext for intolerant and violent demonstrations which are xenophobic or racist in nature. A number of key elements can be drawn from the collected prevention projects in this category. In the near future, it would be useful to invest in these key points, primarily on education. Intolerance generally stems from ignorance and misunderstanding. Sport, however, is particularly suited to teaching tolerance on playing fields and in sports clubs in addition to what is taught at school. Another interesting aspect of this topic is awareness-raising activity. Any opportunity to convey messages about tolerance and fighting against discrimination should be used during sporting events by making the most of media coverage and the widespread availability of various sporting activities. It is also important to encourage increased participation in sporting activities. As such, discriminatory behaviours may also be

prevented by ensuring that the largest number of people have the option of taking part in a regular sporting activity in a healthy and ethical environment. It is essential to promote and communicate on sporting activities that reward virtuous behaviours such as tolerance and the fight against discrimination. It is also important to support actions favouring non-stigmatising attitudes and punishing those which are discriminatory or racist. This can be done through fun sporting activities. Finally, for these actions to be effective, a clear communication plan should be adopted in collaboration with local and national media that have the ability to effectively communicate information and positive cultural messages, via the people involved as well as through organisations and institutions.

Category Promotion of gender equality Given the well-known benefits of sport on people’s health, physical/mental development and social and life skills, it seems obvious that both men and women (of all ages) should have equal access to such activities. Top female athletes have indeed gained a lot of ground in the past two decades or so. Several of them are (almost) as admired and celebrated as their male counterparts. Women are also now taking part in disciplines previously considered as strongholds of masculinity such as football and rugby. Nevertheless, these success stories, however brilliant and increasingly frequent, must not disguise persistant inequalities. There are still many sporting instances where girls are not considered equal to boys, and sometimes even barred from taking part.

The March 2014 Special Eurobarometer 412 on sport and physical activity (European Commission1) highlights these inequalities in all aspects of sport, from the reduced number of women in sport governing bodies to the lower pay of female coaches and the smaller number of European women who practise sport compared to men. The study does not even mention the lesser press coverage given to female sporting events or the comments made by the press when reporting on female athletes (e.g. the controversy during the Summer 2016 Rio Olympics, when some female champions received more coverage on their looks and private lives than on their performances). This is one of the reasons why gender equality in sport is a priority topic for the European Commission's Erasmus+ sport programme. It is also the reason why this topic was chosen as a category for the European Prize for Social Integration through Sport. It is interesting to note that we received far fewer projects in this category than in others. Why this difference? Multiple hypotheses are possible. Is it because most of the projects submitted are from Western European countries, where girls have relatively good access to sport? Or is it that policy-makers and local professionals are not aware of the disadvantaged position of girls and women in sport and do not pay attention to it? In any case, this difference in numbers is significant. The majority of projects received in this category focus on increasing the participation of women in sport, including empowerment, social inclusion, emancipation, and the fight against gender-based violence. The aim of three separate projects was to train local sports professionals in the gender aspects of sport and in how to organise sport activities and games in a gender-sensitive way to foster equality. 1 . ec.europa.eu/health/nutrition_physical_activity/ docs/ebs_412_en.pdf

We would like to emphasise the need to break the glass ceiling in sport: more women are needed in executive positions at all levels, from sports clubs to international governing bodies. Indeed, experience on the ground shows that when women lead sport organisations, they are more able to create an environment where girls and women feel safe, thus encouraging more of them to practise a sport or join a club. Furthermore, such women can become role models.

Category Integration of marginalised populations The increasingly frequent marginalisation of groups in our society is a growing concern for social exclusion in European countries. For the past twenty years now, the European Union has formally adopted the use of sport as a social inclusion policy for the integration of these groups. In 1998, the report â&#x20AC;&#x153;Evolution and Perspectives of Community Action in Sportâ&#x20AC;?2 identified five specific functions that should be strengthened by European policies: educational, public health, cultural, recreational and social. For the social element, the report highlighted the fact that sport was a fantastic tool for promoting a more inclusive society and for fighting against intolerance, racism and violence as well as alcohol or drug abuse. Sport can also contribute to the integration of a population excluded from the labour market. For these reasons, actions for protecting and strengthening the social function of sport and allowing access to sporting activities to everyone, especially the most deprived groups, have an important strategic value. 2 . eurored-deporte.net/gestor/documentos/doc_evol_fr.pdf

The aim of each of the projects received from different European countries in the “Integration of marginalised populations” category is to use sport and physical activity as an educational practice suited to the social needs and experiences of marginalised populations. The idea is to expand and improve the social policy of each Member State as well as the social policy of the European Union that we are trying to develop.

It is important to point out and recognise that exclusion and marginalisation are structural and that taking part in a sporting activity may not be in itself a solution for preventing these situations. Candidate projects that use sport with marginalised groups (drug addicts, the incarcerated population, ethnic groups, etc.) are not a miracle solution to fight against exclusion or to reduce crime or drug abuse. However, they can be effective tools if included in a political impetus to implement integrated programs over time.

Category Integration of populations at risk In the “Integration of populations at risk” category, there were 45 applications from across Europe. The sample we received is very encouraging: overall, the submitted projects were efficient, well targeted, creative and innovative. Ranging from actions towards pre-school children to schoolchildren, young adults, adults and seniors, they included almost the entire population from the age of 4 to 65. Based on the applications we received, it seems that Europe has a significant number of sporting projects promoting the inclusion of those at risk, from vulnerable children to refugees, unemployed people, young offenders, the disabled, and seniors, to name but

a few. More precisely, the projects in this category that were submitted for the Prize targeted the following groups: children at risk, children with various types of disabilities (such as learning disabilities, social skills and concentration issues), children and youths from deprived backgrounds and underprivileged neighbourhoods, vulnerable young people, teenage offenders, homeless children and young people, young refugees, migrants, people with physical disabilities and chronic health disorders, people with mental health issues, adults from deprived backgrounds, the incarcerated population and NEETs (neither in Education, Employment or Training). It is interesting to note that a good number of these projects focused on children and youths. This suggests that the educational and inclusive benefits of sport are widely recognised and used to help children and young people in need. But it is important to stress that these qualities also apply to adults, as shown in some of the practices included in this publication. In particular, some practices have demonstrated that sport can create a bridge between different social groups and foster mutual comprehension and dialogue, including with, and among, people considered “at risk”. The diverse educational practices in sport can be a very good and efficient way of promoting values of solidarity, diversity, inclusiveness and cultural awareness. The sport chosen is not as important as the purpose of the practice itself. Indeed, the projects we received included a wide range of disciplines: boccia, boxing, capoeira, dancing, football, handball, mountaineering, skatting, and street football. The objectives of the projects submitted in this category can be classified as follows: development of social and personal skills, prevention of social exclusion, physical and psychological well-being, academic suc-

cess, increased self-esteem, intercultural learning and access to cultural and recreational activities. As for the environments in which these projects are carried out, they are also varied, including schools, leisure centres, health care and social service institutions and private residences with familial participation.

Category Education for active citizenship or fair play We wanted to encourage active citizenship and fair play through sport as it seemed appropriate to promote sport’s inherent values such as pushing one’s limits and respecting others. In our societies, competitiveness has become so prominent that it overshadows essential sporting values. This ultra-competitive and individualistic mindset is now instilled from an early age in young athletes in the making. Competitiveness is commendable, but only if it includes the notion of fair play. When sport becomes purely individualistic and only personal performance are valued and recognised, sport loses its true nature. What do fair play and citizenship mean? In the SPORT+ project, the definition of fair play or sportsmanship is understood as an honest conduct centred on the game. This includes concepts such as respect (for the opponent, the rules, the referee decisions, the public and the spirit of the game), honesty, tolerance, self-control, dignity in both defeat and victory but also respect for one’s own body. Citizenship is understood as taking part in public life through school, family, voluntary organisations and spaces for dialogue and reflection, while respecting one another’s freedom, regardless of origin, gender and culture.

Sport is a space for exchange and a means of defending or restoring the concepts of respect, fair play and civility. As demonstrated by projects submitted in this category, sport can reinforce concepts of citizenship and solidarity, teach young people the principles of healthy competition, convey values of respect, tolerance and pushing one’s limits, contribute to strengthening social cohesion and promote cultural diversity and gender equality. We have welcomed the wealth of creative practices presented in this category. At a time when racism and intolerance seem widespread throughout Europe, it is reassuring that, on the ground, in cities and neighbourhoods, the concepts of citizenship and fair play are still very much alive, as shown by their promotion in numerous sport-focused projects.

Category

Education for active citizenship or fair play

Winning Practice

RollerFootBall 62

Organisation French RollerFootBall Association (Association française de RollerFootBall, AFRFB).

Calendar Since 2004 Target group The project is aimed at boys and girls who struggle in school and/or come from a deprived background.

Further information rollerfootball.over-blog.com flickr.com/photos/projet_ rollerfootball

Learn more about RollerFootBall: video at bit.ly/epsis

Background The definition of RollerFootBall is,“The respect and citizenship game”. This non-violent and non-competitive sport was designed as a response to the need for educating young people about citizenship, fair play, and democracy, as MEP Viviane Reding (formerly European Commissioner) remarked when she launched the European Year of Education through Sport, in 2004.

Objectives The objective of the RollerFootBall promoters is to encourage the use of this sport at school or in the community, in order to teach young people that the values of respect and equality concern them and can even be fun to practice. The objectives of this educational game are to restore respect in sport and to change attitudes so that sport's competitive and sometimes violent aspects are not perceived as attractive. In addition, this activity provides young people with a space for sharing in which they are not judged.

Strategy and activities This ball game is played on roller skates. It can be practiced at or out of school by both boys and girls. A number of rules ensure there is no violence: it is forbidden to push, tackle, or insult anybody. The vocabulary is purposely different from that of football: there are encounters instead of matches, tops instead of yellow cards, an external reference person instead of a referee, a team

Results "Teaching young people that the values of respect and equality concern them and can even be fun to practice."

mediator (who wears a distinctive hat) instead of a captain, and shootrollers instead of penalties. Before each ‘encounter’, the players read out loud a ‘Pledge of Good Behaviour’, which states the importance of playing together and with fair play. The game is played by two teams of five players each. They move on roller skates and wear helmets, knee protectors and gloves. The ball is of a material such that it doesn't hurt when it hits a player, even at great speed. The teams are composed of girls and boys of different ages, heights, and skills. The final score is calculated not only according to the number of goals but also the behaviour of players, who get bonuses for fair play.

Partners The project does not currently have any financial partners. It is fully financed by its promoter. In 2009, the AFRFB received a grant from the National Agency for Social Cohesion and Equal Opportunities (Agence nationale pour la cohésion sociale et l’égalité des chances, Acsé) through the ‘Educational Success Plan’ (Plan de Réussite éducative, PRE) of the town of Bonneuil-sur Marne, and a grant from the French Senate, as well as a contribution from the insurance company GMF, in 2014. The project has also received support from a number of institutions, political leaders, former elite sportsmen, and sports organisation managers.

RollerFootBall has been played since 2005 at the secondary school of Bonneuil-surMarne, in the Adapted General and Professional Education section (section d'enseignement général et professionnel adapté, SEGPA), as part of the ‘Educational Success Plan’. It is also played as an extracurricular activity in the Franche-Comté region, in partnership with the Gendarmerie's Juvenile Crime Prevention Brigade (Brigade de prévention de la délinquance juvénile), as well as in community centres, and also in a school on the outskirts of Besançon. Since 2004, some 260 schoolchildren have played RollerFootBall at school, and some 430 as an extracurricular activity. As proved over the years, this sport enhances the children's self-esteem, particularly that of female participants. Furthermore, children promptly adopt its values of non-violence and inclusion. For example, self-refereeing is always a success because it empowers children: they quickly understand that their behaviour and sense of fair play are taken into account in the final score, on par with the number of goals scored.

Cross stars 64

Organisation Portuguese Red Cross, delegation of Trofa (district of Porto), in partnership with the local kickboxing school LifeCombat.

Calendar Since 2013

Target Group Children and youngsters aged 6-18 years from the town of Trofa (a municipality of 39,000 situated north of Porto) who come from deprived backgrounds, suffer from parental neglect, or are prone to school truancy and substance abuse.

Further Information cross-stars.webnode.pt livros-cvptrofa.webnode.pt trofa.cruzvermelha.pt Cruzvermelhatrofa

Background Since 2002, Trofa has faced an increase in the number of recipients of the Social Integration Income (Rendimento Social de Inserção, RSI), as well as in the number of reported cases of domestic violence and of children under the tutelage of the Commission for the Protection of Children and Young People (Comissão de Protecção de Crianças e Jovens, CPCJ). According to unofficial data of the local Red Cross, about 30% of Trofa's minors live in an environment of poverty, alcoholism, and domestic abuse, and do not attend school regularly.

Objectives The objectives of this scheme are to prevent school truancy and substance abuse among children and youths from deprived backgrounds in Trofa, with the goal of promoting their social integration. Two key aspects of the programme are that it encourages team spirit and mutual help among youngsters and that it involves families and the community.

Strategy and Activities The strategy is to use sport to provide children and youngsters with a healthy leisure activity through which they can strengthen their self-esteem, health, team spirit, and life and social skills. The youths are referred to the local Red Cross by the municipality of Trofa. A partnership

has been established with a local sports school specialised in kickboxing, LifeCombat, which also provides self-defence and aero kick classes. After undergoing a medical examination by the Red Cross, children are offered free kickboxing classes and psychological support.

Partners The official partners of the scheme are the Trofa City Council, the Commission for the Protection of Children and Young People at Risk, the Social Security, the Parents' Association, and the local kickboxing school LifeCombat. The project also has a number of informal partners, including the Portuguese Association of Parents and Friends of Mentally Deficient Citizens (Associação Portuguesa de Pais e Amigos do Cidadão Deficiente Mental, APPACDM), the Business Association Baixo Ave (Associação Empresarial Baixo Ave, AEBA), the Trofa Health Center, the parish councils, and local gym clubs.

“Strengthening self esteem, health, team spirit, and social skills.”

Results The number of participants is steadily growing. From 22 the first year, it rose to 25 in 2014 and 30 in 2015. On a qualitative level, a survey was conducted among participants by means of a questionnaire they were asked to complete. The overwhelming majority indicated they “feel more courage and joy”, “discovered a new talent", “respect myself and others”, “do not give up on a task until finished”, and “feel I have friends who support me”. A number of participants also said they have “found a new family to resort to in case of problem”. In general, the project has enabled children to forge relationships with other youngsters and with the adult teachers, who some say are “like parents”.

Education to citizenship through sport

Organisation Association Esprit Savoir Sport Équité (E.S.S.E) (in English, spirit, knowledge, sport, and fairness), Paris, France

CalendAR Since 1995

Target Group Young residents of the ‘Danube-Solidarité’ neighbourhood in Paris. Currently, some 450 youngsters aged 8 to 25 are involved.

Further information ESSEPARIS19

Background Located in the northeast of Paris, the Danube-Solidarité neighbourhood is largely made up of social estates (84% of all housing) and the local population is particularly vulnerable. Forty percent of families are single-parent households. Furthermore, the local population is the youngest of all the urban neighbourhoods under special social and economic measures as per the politique de la ville1, with 45% of the population under the age of 30. Almost half of these youngsters (49%) finish school without a diploma. As for the adult population, 22% are unemployed, which is twice the national average. In this particularly challenging environment, a good number of local youngsters hang out in the streets.

Objectives Set up in 1995 by six young local residents, the project ‘Education to citizenship through sport’ seeks to use sport to gather youngsters in a clubhouse, the Découverte sport centre, where they can practise sport and social activities. 1 • The politique de la ville is a national policy on cities, which includes social and economic measures to support a number of urban neighbourhoods throughout France that are socially and economically disadvantaged compared to the national average.

"Educators and other volunteer educators were all initially accompanied by the association when they themselves were young." The objectives are to: • initiate young local residents to sport; • foster exchange and cooperation through collective sports; • share and encourage good practices; • reduce the number of youths spending idle time in the streets; • develop critical thinking in young people; • encourage youths to take part in society.

Strategy and activities Four types of activities are carried out: every day, youngsters can go to the Découverte sport centre to practise a number of sports with educators. They also have the opportunity to interact with other youngsters. In addition, the centre organises social activities and gatherings, and offers counselling and training programmes. Some youngsters are accompanied by educators throughout the year, and if need be, referred to relevant partner organisations or institutions. The project is co-managed with the youngsters, and over time some of them become tutors/educators. The seven full-time educators and other volunteer educators were all initially accompanied by the association when they themselves were young.

Partners The partners are the Youth and Sports Directorate (Direction de la Jeunesse et des Sports) of the municipality of Paris, which finances 100% of the project, and the district council of the 19th arrondissement of Paris.

Results The primary result has been that fewer youngsters are hanging out in the neighbourhood’s streets, and some now have jobs as educators. A number of others are now volunteers for the association. The Découverte sport centre has become quite well-known in the neighbourhood, and people from other areas of Paris now use it as well. Furthermore, some well-known actors, singers and sports personalities have visited it from time to time, which boosts the youngsters' self-esteem and contributes to the diversification of the neighbourhood's social composition.

Fan Coaching 68

Organisation Non-profit association Fan Coaching-Eurofan, Liege, Belgium

CalendAR The project was initiated in 1990 and has been operating continuously since 1995.

Target groups The project is primarily targeted at violent supporters (hooligans) and Ultras from Liege. It is also intended for fan associations and clubs, in particular children and youths from the neighbourhood of the Liege Standard football club.

Further information fancoachingliege.blogspot.co.uk

Background The project started as a response to the violent behaviour of some of the First Division Liege Standard football clubâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s supporters during matches. Created at the University of Liege in 1990, the non-profit association (association Ă but non lucratif-asbl) Fan Coaching-Eurofan accompanies supporters before, during and after matches to ensure that events are peaceful. It is grounded in a partnership between the municipality of Liege, the Standard football club and the University of Liege, with the support of the King Baudouin Foundation. The idea of accompanying supporters in order to prevent trouble at matches came about in various European countries more than twenty years ago, with initiatives such as Foot in the Community in the United Kingdom, Aficiones Unidas in Spain, and Fairfans in Denmark.

Objectives The project's objective is to reduce violence in football by closely and proactively accompanying fans. The project also seeks to foster the social inclusion of marginalised supporters.

Strategy and activities Fan Coaching is a service of the municipality of Liege, and is part of a prevention plan financed by the Belgian Ministry of the Interior.

"The atmosphere at the Standard's stadium is now peaceful and supporters feel secure" The Fan Coaching association's main mission is to develop social and cultural projects aimed at preventing problems at football matches, in and out of stadiums, thanks to a team of social workers. Fan Coaching targets all supporters and anybody touched by a social issue linked to sport. The association is in permanent contact with Liege's security stakeholders, including police. The association carries out various activities: social support to supporters in need (job and housing searches, fight against drug addiction, legal aid...), mediation in case of incidents during a match, information for supporters regarding security (internal rules at the stadium, Football Law) through the Information Point and the Guide du supporter handbook, promotion of fair play in sport through campaigns in amateur football clubs, and the fight against racism and discrimination in football through awareness-raising campaigns. Lastly, the association organises social and cultural activities for and with supporters (conferences, showsâ&#x20AC;Ś).

Partners The asbl Fan Coaching was created through a partnership between the municipality of Liege, the University of Liege, and the Standard football club, with the support of the King Baudouin Foundation. The Liege police force is an operational partner.

Results Several evaluative surveys have been conducted since the start of the project. Overall, they confirm empirical observations: the atmosphere at the Standard's stadium is now peaceful and supporters feel secure, as they themselves often point out at supporter club meetings. The local press has also stressed the positive impact of Fan Coaching. The Liege Fan Coaching intervenes in numerous European countries to share its expertise, and also leads Eurofan, an international network for the study and prevention of violence in sport. The work carried out by Eurofan has notably informed the Council of Europe's recommendations on the preventive management of large sports events.

Coolness Training

Organisation The ‘coolness training’ is delivered by the non-profit association Zweikampfverhalten e.v., Hamburg, Germany

Calendar The association was founded in 2008 and a first pilot project started that same year. The coolness training has been ongoing since 2008.

Target GroupS This programme is targeted at children, youths, and young adults from troubled families or difficult backgrounds, who display unfair or disrespectful behaviour in team sports and in their daily life (at school, at home, in their neighbourhood).

Further Information www.zweikampfverhalten.de www.youtube.com/user/ zweikampfverhalten Zweikampfverhalten

Background The 2006/7 football season in Hamburg was marred by numerous incidents. In the youth league, there were a total of 519 suspensions and games were stopped 19 times. The association Zweikampfverhalten was founded the following year, with the aim of training youngsters in “coolness”, in the sense of learning to keep one’s head cool and to react positively to conflict and crisis.

ObjectiVES The purpose of this training is to enable youngsters to properly deal with conflict situations and unconscious aggressive attitude by teaching them social and practical skills that they can use in their daily life, at school and when practicing sport. The broader objective is to facilitate integration and prevent violence.

Strategy and Activities The Coolness Training in Team Sports is based on social-cognitive learning theory (Albert Bandura, 1979) and anger management and coolness training (Dr Michael Heilemann and Gabriele Fischwasser-von Proeck, 1984). Courses last between three and six months. They include social and educational instruction and sport activities. The main themes are respect, fairness, tolerance, and constructive conflict resolution. Students practice fair play and team spirit in sport and in their everyday life. Apart from tutors, volunteers and sports professionals also take part in the programme. Furthermore, the educational team also meets with parents and other attachment figures.

now better able to manage conflicts in a constructive manner.

“The number of expulsions and stopped games has noticeably decreased in Hamburg.”

Partners The association’s official partners (financial and other) are: e.g. achtung! GmbH, Boston GmbH, and the foundations Hoth Stiftung, Kids & Friends Stiftung, and ZEIT-Stiftung Ebelin und Gerd Bucerius. The association cooperates with several national league football teams and various sports associations, as well as a number of civil society non-profit organisations and private partners.

Results Since 2008, 555 youngsters have taken part in the programme, of which 466 (84%) have ‘graduated’ successfully. Among these graduates, there were 376 boys (81%) and 90 girls (19%), and 356 (76%) came from an immigrant background (statistics as of July 2016). According to the football association Fußball-Verband, the number of expulsions and stopped games has noticeably decreased in Hamburg. Teachers and coaches from co-operating schools and associations confirm that unfair behaviour, exclusion, and violence decrease when children and youths attend coolness training. Participating youths also act as mediators on the playground or sports field. Furthermore, teachers and trainers who take part in the advanced trainings are

In the long term, the association Zweikampfverhalten aims to bring about a domino effect in society, with participants transmitting what they have learned to their own social spheres. Zweikampfverhalten received a Wirkt-Siegel award for their effectiveness, following a study of 104 charitable sports organisations by the non-profit analysis and consulting company PHINEO. Only 21 other charities have received this award.

The 2015 Tricolour International Sports Games

Organisation The Tricolour Games are organised by the province and municipality of Reggio Emilia, Italy, in cooperation with the Italian National Olympic Committee (INOC), the Reggio Emilia Chamber of Commerce and the Reggio Emilia branches of several national sport associations.

CalendAR The Games were first held in 1997 and there have been five events so far, the most recent one in 2015.

Target Group The Games are reserved for young amateur athletes aged 11-19 from all over the world, but particularly from cities that are twinned with Reggio Emilia. The audiences targeted are young people from Reggio Emilia, but also the general public.

Further Information giochideltricolore.it Giochitricolore

Background The Games were conceived in 1997 as a celebration of the bicentenary of the Italian flag (called in Italy il Tricolore, the Tricolour), which was first officially used in Reggio Emilia (then in the Cisalpine Republic) in 1797. Inspired by the Olympic values, the project was originally designed to promote active citizenship and intercultural exchange. Today, Reggio Emilia (pop. 170,000) is a multicultural city with inhabitants of 123 nationalities. It is also the Italian city with the most sport facilities per inhabitant. For the 2015 Games, the organisers decided to strongly link the event to the themes of social inclusion, multiculturalism, and local culture. Hence, they chose to move them from the original venues outside of the city to dozens of locations inside Reggio Emilia and throughout the province.

Objectives The project aims to promote sport and physical activity as a means to foster not only health and well-being but also social inclusion and the respect for different cultures. Another important objective is to promote volunteering, particularly among youths.

Strategy and Activities The Tricolour Games are an international youth amateur sports event in the same vein as the Olympics (albeit on a much smaller scale). During one week, the 2015 Games featured 33 sports as well as paralympic competitions. The event was held in the city of Reggio Emilia and throughout the eponymous province, in a total of 50 venues. Apart from championing cultural diversity, friendship, and social inclusion, the organisers also want to use the Games to promote local culture. To this end, a food festival was held in Reggio Emilia during the week of the event to showcase local produce and gastronomy. Furthermore, local and regional authorities took advantage of the event to organise three conferences on the theme of social inclusion that gathered professionals, academics, decision-makers, and citizens. The Games are based on a wide partnership involving a number of departments within the City Council and the Province, as well as numerous civil society organisations and the local migrant community.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Some 3,000 young athletes from 14 countries competed in some 400 sports events at the 2015 Tricolour Gamesâ&#x20AC;?

Partners Thirty provincial sport federations (management of 50 sport facilities), the department of Youth of the municipality of Reggio Emilia, the Foundation for Sport, and 21 private sponsors. In 2015, eighty chefs and local producers took part in the street food festival with the help of several associations: Chef to Chef, the Italian Sommelier Association, APT servizi srl, Street Food Valley and Confesercenti. Three musical associations also took part, as well as local resident associations.

Results Some 3,000 young athletes from 14 countries competed in some 400 sports events at the 2015 Tricolour Games, and about 80 volunteers from 30 amateur sports clubs took part. The attendance over the week reached 10,000, including 6,000 for the opening and closing ceremonies. The street food event drew some 30,000 visitors over five days. The three conferences on the topics of social inclusion, the importance of health, and equal opportunities for all gathered a total of some 700 people. The event also raised the profile of the city of Reggio Emilia we, thus enhancing the feeling of belonging among the population, notably because it received significant press coverage.

Organiser and jury Founded in 1987 under the auspices of the Council of Europe, the European Forum for Urban Security (Efus) is the only European network of local and regional authorities dedicated to urban security. Founded by mayors, it now includes almost 250 regions and cities from 16 countries. Efus' objectives are as follows: • P romote a balanced vision of urban security, combining prevention, sanctions and social cohesion, • S upport local and regional authorities in the conception, implementation and evaluation of their local security policies, • H elp obtain recognition for the role of local elected officials in the development and implementation of national and European policies. Efus provides support and inspiration for locally elected officials and their teams who are convinced of the necessity of working together, transcending political differences for the benefit of long-term security. In accordance with the principle of “cities helping cities”, Efus fosters the exchange of experience and practices between its members.

Founded in 1542, the University of Zaragoza is the only public university in the autonomous community of Aragon. Throughout its history, the University of Zaragoza has been considered a centre of excellence for both teaching and research, where lecturers and renowned scientists, including a Nobel Prize laureat, teach. Today, the university has almost 35,000 students in its 22 departments. These include over 1,800 international students from more than 75 different countries and dozens of professors and researchers all contributing to its international character. www.unizar.es

Its expertise and influence are recognised both at the European and international levels. Efus also holds a participatory status with the Council of Europe and a consultative status with the European Commission and the United Nations (UN).

The Higher Institute of Police Sciences and Homeland Security (ISCPSI) is the only Portuguese public institution of higher education for the police sciences and homeland security, in accordance with the Bologna Declaration. The objective of the Institute is to lead scientific research and studies on security, generally in partnership with other police institutions and universities. Internationally, the Institute is a member of the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training (CEPOL) and the Association of European Police Colleges (AEPC). Furthermore, it develops cooperation with the police and academic organisations in Portuguese-speaking countries as well as with other European countries.

www.efus.eu

www.iscpsi.pt

With a network of experts from universities, institutions and NGOs, Efus works on all topics related to urban security and crime prevention.

The Fan Coaching Association was created in 1990 in partnership with the city of Liege, the Standard football club and the University of Liege, with the support of the King Baudouin Foundation and the Department of Prevention from the Belgian Home Office. It carries out scientific research on sport-related violence, more specifically in football, as well as on-the-ground prevention actions with a team of professionals specialised in social work and education. Since 2003, the organisation has extended to the international level by creating the ASBL Fan Coaching-Eurofan which aims to promote the transnational exchange of information and best practices and also to develop cultural and social projects. fancoachingliege.blogspot.fr

The Italian Forum for Urban Security (FISU) is an association created in 1996, in the footsteps of the European Forum for Urban Security. By bringing together more than 40 cities, provinces and regions of Italy, its aim is to promote urban security policies. The Italian Forum recognises the central function of cities and mayors in the development of integrated security policies and, since it was founded, has been working to build an urban security vision shared by cities, provinces and regions. The FISU also collaborates with the National Association of Cities and the Conference of Presidents of Regions and Autonomous Provinces to promote national urban security legislation, integrated security policies and local police training. www.fisu.it

The aim of the Knowledge Centre for Sport Netherlands (Kenniscentrum Sport) is to increase the positive impact of sport through better use of knowledge and a better understanding of physical activity. The Kenniscentrum Sport works with sport and health professionals, trade unions, employers' organisations and businesses. The Kenniscentrum Sport is a member of international networks such as TAFISA and HEPA and takes part in European cooperation projects. www.kenniscentrumsport.nl