Press kit
Contents International climate negotiations COP21: the stakes A short history of climate negotiations The additional negotiating forums of the UNFCCC International milestones in 2015 Negotiations glossary (French-English) Future French Chair of the COP The choice and role of France France's team for the 2015 Paris Climate Conference France's climate policy The phenomenon of climate disruption The seven greenhouse gases covered by the Kyoto Protocol Global greenhouse gas emissions by economic sectors Practical information COP and CMP COP and CMP participants Facilities at the Paris-Le Bourget site Services for the press
www.cop21.gouv.fr presse@cop21.gouv.fr
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International climate negotiations COP21: the stakes In 2015, France will be chairing the 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21/CMP11), which will be held in Paris in late 2015. This Conference is a crucial event, because it needs to result in a new international climate agreement, applicable to all countries. The agreement will need to be universal and sustainable. It will need to send economic and political signals to make the economic development model shift to a new path, which needs to lead to carbon neutrality by the end of the century and compliance with the goal of keeping global warming below the 2°C ceiling. The agreement will need to have four components: a legal agreement; national contributions with commitments for 2025 or 2030, for countries' efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; a financial aspect; concrete commitments to action by non-governmental stakeholders (such as the “Lima-Paris Action Agenda” and the “Agenda of Solutions”).
A short history of climate negotiations The scale of negotiations aimed at combating climate disruption has grown constantly since the 1992 Rio Earth Summit. After the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol in 2005, a longer-term vision took hold with the Bali Action Plan in 2007 and then the validation at Copenhagen in 2009 of a common goal of limiting global warming to 2°C. In 2010, the Cancun Conference enabled us to make this goal effective through the creation of dedicated institutions for key points, including those for adaptation to the effects of climate change, the Green Climate Fund and the Technology Mechanism. The will to act together led to the creation of the Durban Platform (ADP), with the role of bringing together all developed and developing countries to work on a “protocol, legal instrument or agreed outcome with legal force”, applicable to all parties to the UN Framework Agreement on Climate Change. The “new instrument” will have to be adopted in 2015 and implemented from 2020. By the end of May 2015, a draft text of the agreement should be translated into all the languages of the United Nations and sent to the Parties. The Doha Conference enshrined the commitment of several industrialized countries in a second period of commitment to the Kyoto Protocol (2013-2020) and concluded the Bali Mandate. The 2013 Warsaw Conference and the 2014 Lima Conference helped take crucial steps towards reaching a universal climate agreement in Paris in 2015: all countries will have to communicate their contributions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible in 2015,
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and during the first quarter for those capable of doing so. The contributions will be aggregated and summarized by the UNFCCC by the end of October. More details
The additional negotiating forums of the UNFCCC Drawing up a multilateral climate regime, which involves both developed and developing countries, results in the subject being raised in several forums outside the United nations and its Framework Convention (UNFCCC). Those forums are opportunities for Heads of State and Government and ministers to discuss the issue. Political support processes G7 G20 Major Economies Forum (MEF), a US-led grouping of the major economies accounting for 80% of global greenhouse gas emissions Petersberg Climate Dialogue, an initiative launched by Germany in 2010 to facilitate the work undertaken by the successive Chairs of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, held informally and restricted to major negotiation players The Cartagena Dialogue for Progressive Action informally brings together some 40 developed and developing countries that have chosen to rally behind the Copenhagen Agreement, seeking to facilitate continued UN negotiations and effectively combat climate change. Sectoral initiatives The Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC): initiative launched by a number of countries and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in February 2012, aimed at focusing technological and financial efforts on reducing short-lived climate pollutants (SLCP) such as methane, black carbon and fluorinated gases. The REDD+ partnership: a group of some 50 countries representing the major world forest basins (Africa, Latin America and Asia) and major donor countries in the forest sector, to deepen and implement the international mechanism to combat deforestation that emerged from the Copenhagen Conference. The Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM), a US-inspired process stemming from the MEF. Forums linked to technologies and energy: the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute (GCCSI), and the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC), created by the G8 in June 2009.
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Other UN forums International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and International Maritime Organization (IMO): the emissions from fuel used in air and maritime transport being difficult to attribute to a particular country, they are not covered by the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol provides that their limitation should be implemented via the ICAO and the IMO. The World Meteorological Organization Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
(WMO),
hosting
the
Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All): this initiative under the United Nations Secretary General aims to mobilize all major donors and the private sector around sustainable development projects reconciling development and the energy transition in 70 countries (in Africa, Asia and Latin America).
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International milestones in 2015 21-23 January 2015 8-13 February 2015: 24-26 March, 2015 End of March 2015 20-21 April 17-19 May May at the latest 1-11 June 7-8 June 29 June End of June/early July 13-16 July August/September 18-20 September October October/November 1 November 20 November 30 November-12 December
World Economic Forum (Davos, Switzerland) UNFCCC* ADP* session (Geneva, Switzerland) – Formal negotiations on a draft Paris Agreement text 9th Green Climate Fund Meeting of the Board (Republic of Korea) Parties to the UNFCCC submit their contributions and commitments under the Paris Agreement MEF* Meeting (Washington, D.C., USA) Petersberg Climate Dialogue (Berlin, Germany) The draft text of the Paris Agreement translated into the UN languages will be sent to the Parties ADP* formal negotiating session – with high-level session and Meeting of UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies (SB 42) (Bonn, Germany) G7 Summit (Germany) UNSG Climate Summit MEF* Conference on Financing for Development (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) 3rd ADP* formal negotiating session (Bonn, Germany) Heads of State and Government Summit on the post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda (New York, USA) 10th Green Climate Fund Meeting of the Board Pre-COP – Ministerial format UNFCCC Synthesis Report compiling all Parties' contributions and commitments G20 Summit COP21/CMP11 (Paris-Le Bourget, France)
*ADP: Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action, which is to prepare the 2015 Agreement. *UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention *COP: Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC.
on
Climate
Change.
*CMP: Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol. *MEF: Major Economies Forum, US-led grouping of the major economic powers (accounting for 80% of global greenhouse gas emissions).
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Negotiations glossary (French-English)
AAU ADP
Assigned Amount Unit Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action Independent Alliance of Latin America and the Caribbean Alliance of Small Island States
Unité de quantité attribuée Groupe de travail spécial de la Plate-forme de Durban pour une action renforcée Alliance indépendante de l’Amérique latine et les Caraïbes
UQA ADP
Alliance des petits États insulaires
AOSIS
AWG-KP
Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol
AWG-LCA
Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-Term Cooperative Action under the Convention Carbon capture and storage Capacity building Clean Development Mechanism
Groupe de travail spécial des nouveaux engagements pour les Parties visées à l’Annexe I au titre du Protocole de Kyoto Groupe de travail spécial de l’action concertée à long terme au titre de la Convention Captage et stockage du carbone Renforcement de capacités Mécanisme pour un développement propre Unité de réduction certifiée des émissions
AILAC
AOSIS
CCS CB CDM
CER
Certified Emission Reduction
CGE
Consultative Group of Experts on non-Annex I national communications
Groupe consultatif d’experts des communications nationales des Parties non visées à l’Annexe
AILAC
CSC
MDP
URCE
GCE
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CMP ou COP/MOP
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Conférence des Parties agissant comme Réunion des Parties au Protocole de Kyoto Conférence des Parties à la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques
Climate Technology Centre and Network Designated national authority
Centre et Réseau des Technologies Climatiques
CRTC
Autorité nationale désignée
AND
EIG
Environmental Integrity Group
Groupe pour l’intégrité de l’environnement
GIE
ERU
Emission Reduction Unit
URE
EUA
European Union allowances
Unité de réduction des émissions Quota de la Communauté européenne
FAO
Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations
Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture
FAO
FVA
Framework for various approaches
Cadre pour les Diverses Démarches
CDD
GCF GCOS
Green Climate Fund Global Climate Observing System
FVC SMOC
GEF
Global Environment Facility
Fonds vert pour le climat Système mondial d’observation du climat Fonds pour l’environnement mondial
GHG
Greenhouse gas
Gaz à effet de serre
GES
IAR
Independent Assessment Report International Consultation and Analysis
Rapport d’évaluation indépendant Consultation et analyse internationale
REI
COP
CTCN
DNA
ICA
CRP
COP
FEM
CAI
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ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization
Organisation de l’aviation civile internationale
OAC
IAR
International assessment and review
EEI
IETA
International Emissions Trading Association International Maritime Organization Intended nationally determined contributions
Évaluation et examen au niveau international Association internationale du marché des émissions Organisation maritime internationale Contributions prévues déterminées au niveau national Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’évolution du climat Droits de propriété intellectuelle Relevé international des transactions Mise en œuvre conjointe Comité de Supervision de l’Application Conjointe Protocole de Kyoto Stratégies de développement à faible intensité de carbone Pays les moins avancés
PK SDFIC
Fonds pour les pays les moins avancés Groupe d’experts sur les pays les moins avancés Utilisation des terres, changement d’affectation des terres et foresterie
FPMA
Mesurable, notifiable et vérifiable Mesures d’atténuation appropriées au niveau national
MNV
IMO INDC
IPCC
IPR ITL JI JISC
KP LEDS
LDCs LDCF
LEG
LULUCF
MRV NAMAs
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Intellectual Property Rights International Transaction Log Joint Implementation Joint Implementation Supervisory Committee Kyoto Protocol Low-emission development strategies Least Developed Countries Least Developed Countries Fund Least Developed Country Expert Group Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Measurable, reportable and verifiable Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions
IETA
OMI
GIEC
DPI RIT MOC CSAC
PMA
GEPMA
UTCF
MAAN
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NAPs
National Adaptation Plans
Plans nationaux d’adaptation
PNA
NAPA
National Adaptation Programme Of Action
Programme d’action national aux fins de l’adaptation
PANA
NFMS
National Forest Monitoring Systems
SNSF
NGO
Non governmental organization Non-market-based approaches
Système National de Surveillance des Forêts Organisation non gouvernementale Démarches non Fondées sur le Marché
NMA
ONG DFM
NWP
Nairobi work programme on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change
Programme de travail de Nairobi sur les incidences des changements climatiques et la vulnérabilité et l’adaptation
PTN
QELROs
Quantified emission limitation and reduction objectives
Objectifs chiffrés de limitation et de réduction des émissions
QELRO
REDD
Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation
Réduction des émissions liées au déboisement et à la dégradation
REDD
SB
Subsidiary Body
Organe subsidiaire
OS
SBI
Subsidiary Body for Implementation Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice
Organe subsidiaire de mise en œuvre Organe subsidiaire de conseil scientifique et technologique
OSMŒ
SCF
Standing Committee on Finance
Fonds spécial pour les changements climatiques Comité Permanent du Financement
FSCC
SCCF
Special Climate Change Fund
Short-lived Climateforcing Pollutants
Polluants climatiques à courte durée
PCCD
SBSTA
SLCPs
OSCST
CPF
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tCER
TEC
Temporary Certified Emission Reduction Technology Executive Committee Technical expert meeting
Unité de réduction certifiée des émissions temporaire
URCE-T
CET
UNFCCC
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Comité exécutif des technologies Réunion des experts techniques Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques
WS1 WS2
Workstream 1 Workstream 2
Secteur d’activité 1 Secteur d’activité 2
TEM
CCNUCC
SA1 SA2
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Future French Chair of the COP The choice and role of France In September 2012, François Hollande, President of the French Republic, announced France's intention to host in 2015 the 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 11th session (CMP11) of the meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol. In accordance with the internal rules of the UNFCCC, providing for an annual rotation by UN regional group (African, Asia-Pacific, Eastern European, Latin American and Caribbean, and Western European and Others Groups), the hosting of the 2015 Summit should be provided by a Western European country. France's candidacy was endorsed by its regional group at the UN on 12 April 2013, opening the way to France's official designation at the Warsaw session of the COP in November 2013. The future French Chair has a two-fold responsibility: Hosting, for two weeks, and under the best conditions, the thousands of delegates and observers under the auspices of the United Nations; Acting as a facilitator between all Parties, to help points of view converge and permit unanimous adoption of the agreement.
France's team for the 2015 Paris Climate Conference Under the authority of the President of the Republic and Prime Minister and as Chair of COP21, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Development will be taking overall responsibility for the multilateral negotiations. France's contribution to building an ambitious European position has been entrusted to the Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy who, as Minister with responsibility for climate issues, will be occupying France's seat in EU and UN forums. Nicolas Hulot, the special envoy of the President of the Republic for the protection of the planet, will be carrying out tasks entrusted to him in the COP21 framework. Under the authority of the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Development and the Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy, an interministerial team has been assembled for negotiations and the “Agenda of Solutions”. It is being led by Ms Laurence Tubiana, Ambassador responsible for climate change negotiations and special representative for the 2015 Paris Climate Conference. Material and logistical organization of the Conference has been entrusted to a dedicated General Secretariat led by Pierre-Henri Guignard, who will also be coordinating the teams responsible for communication and civil society, on the basis of the decree to create the COP21 General Secretariat, decided by the Council of Ministers meeting on 28 January 2015.
More details
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France's climate policy In order to respond to the warnings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scientists concerning the human responsibility for climate change, France provides strong support for national climate policies and the two legal instruments adopted by the international community: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol. France's considerable reduction in greenhouse gases emissions (-13% compared to 1990) has contributed to the commitment of the European Union and its Member States under the Kyoto Protocol (-8% in 2008-2012 compared to 1990). France's efforts will continue to contribute during the second commitment period of the EU to Kyoto (-20% in 2020 compared to 1990). The 2030 policy framework for climate and energy (at least a 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030) adopted by the Council of the European Union in 2014 is the current basis for the contribution of the EU and its Member States to the Paris agreement. Since 2012, when the first Environmental Conference was held, the President of the Republic has set a clear course aimed at making France an exemplary nation in terms of environmental protection. The bill on energy transition for green growth was adopted during its first reading at the National Assembly in October 2014, setting ambitious goals and providing operational tools and simple, effective instruments to lower the energy bills of both France and its citizens while combatting climate disruption. France is also making many political and economic efforts for climate change mitigation and adaptation at international, European, national and local levels. Combating climate change is a cross-cutting priority of its development policy. For several years, France has been stepping up its international climate action, drawing at bilateral level on its main operator, the Agence française de développement (AFD, French Development Agency), with a 2012 commitment of €2.4 billion for 54 “climate” projects. It also makes use of the French Global Environment Facility (FFEM) and technical operators including the Institute of Research for Development (IRD), the Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME), and ONF International (ONFI), the international consultancy branch of the National Forests Office. France is a contributor to the Global Environment Facility and the Clean Technology Fund, also participating in the work of the Board of the Green Climate Fund, to which it will be contributing a total of $1 billion by 2018. More details
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The phenomenon of climate disruption Human activities generate so-called “anthropogenic” greenhouse gases, distinct from the greenhouse gases naturally present in the atmosphere. Those greenhouse gas emissions alter the atmosphere's composition, causing the increased greenhouse effect that is leading to global warming. The greenhouse gas emissions covered by the Kyoto Protocol have increased by 80% since 1970 and 30% since 1990, totalling 49 gigatonnes of CO2 equivalent (GtCO2eq) in 2010. Under current global emissions trends [+2.2% per year between 2000 and 2010], the rise in average global temperatures should come to between 3.7°C and 4.8°C by 2100. To limit atmospheric concentrations to 450 ppm CO2eq by 2100 and achieve the goal of keeping global warming below 2°C, global greenhouse gas emissions need to be reduced by 40-70% by 2050 compared to 2010 levels and drop to levels close to zero GtCO2eq by 2100.
The seven greenhouse gases covered by the Kyoto Protocol - Carbon dioxide (CO2) - Methane (CH4) - Nitrous oxide (N20) - Fluorinated gases (PFC, HFC, SF6) - Nitrogen trifluoride, since 2013 (NF3)
Global greenhouse gas emissions by economic sectors 35% 18% 14% 14% 10% 6% 3%
Energy production Industrial production Transport Agriculture Deforestation Buildings Waste and water treatment
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Developed and developing countries
In 2010, developed countries accounted for 18% of the global population 54% of GDP, and 36% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Their per capita greenhouse gas emissions averaged 14.6 tonnes of CO2eq, slightly less than three times those of developing countries. That gap was of four times in 2004. More details
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Practical information COP and CMP The Conference of the Parties (COP) was created during the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and is the supreme body of the Convention, bringing together all Parties: the 195 countries that have ratified the Convention as well as the European Union. It convenes every year to review the Convention’s application, adopt decisions which further formulate the rules set out, and negotiate new commitments. Since 2005, when the Kyoto Protocol entered into force, it has been combined with the annual meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP). The meetings underway and those to come are all the more justified since the 2009 Copenhagen Conference failed to adopt a new international climate agreement. Although agreements since then, adopted at Conferences of the Parties, have laid the necessary foundations for all Parties to agree in 2015 to reach a legally binding agreement as of 2020, many issues still remain incomplete or unresolved.
COP and CMP participants Representatives from each of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change signatory countries – 195 States Parties – as well as the European Union, itself a Party as well as its 27 Member States. The UNFCCC is thus a universal convention. Representatives from all non-state players of society (including constituencies of intergovernmental organizations, environmental nongovernmental organizations, local governments, unions, businesses, scientists, young people, women, farmers and indigenous peoples) also take part in these conferences. An accreditation procedure is available ahead of each COP session (August 2014 for COP21) for non-governmental bodies. More details Media representatives. More than 3000 journalists from around the world are expected at COP21.
Facilities at the Paris-Le Bourget site The 2015 Paris Climate Conference (COP21/CMP11) will take place at the ParisLe Bourget site from 30 November to 11 December 2015. In terms of logistics and accessibility, Paris-Le Bourget offers the best capacity to accommodate official delegations as well as civil society and the media, which are essential for the Conference's success. More than 40,000 people are expected during the two weeks of the Conference, including 20,000 UN participants in the blue area and 20,000 visitors in the dedicated civil society area. The government and the local authorities concerned are working to put in place a site for the Conference that provides absolute guarantees of security, is 15
pleasant and functional, and meets sustainable development requirements. The Conference's organization needs to reflect its content and spirit, such as through ISO certification, waste management, short circuits, environmentally friendly transport and a limited, offset carbon footprint. Facilities for civil society, including non-governmental organizations and businesses, is planned, right next to the negotiating area for the delegates of the States Party and accredited observers. More details
Services for the press Accreditation COP21 is a United Nations Conference and the UN online accreditation procedure is the official channel for members of the press to register for any UNFCCC conference or event. The UNFCCC secretariat is not able to process nominations sent by any other method. Visit the UNFCCC website for accreditation: http://unfccc.int/press/calender_of_events/accreditation/items/2987.php All members of the press must receive accreditation for each conference or event. Previous accreditations are not valid. Media accreditation for UNFCCC conferences is strictly reserved for members of the press (print, photo, radio, TV, film, news agencies, online media, etc.) who represent a bona fide media organization formally registered as a media organization in a country recognized by the United Nations General Assembly. Accreditation will only be given on proof of a track record of reporting for media organizations at international level, particularly in the area of climate change. Media services A media centre, including an international broadcasting centre (IBC) will be set up at the Paris-Le Bourget conference centre. Facilities will be provided to meet the needs of radio and television broadcasters and press agencies. Work cubicles are available for television and radio stations as well as international news agencies during COP sessions. They must be reserved directly with the UNFCCC. Workspaces (equipped with tables, Internet cables, etc.) will also be provided for print media journalists.
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The French Chair's digital communication tools www.cop21.gouv.fr Facebook account: COP21fr Twitter account: @COP21 Instagram: COP21 Paris 2015 YouTube channel: COP21
Usage of the COP21 logo COP21 has an official logo, the usage of which is strictly reserved to “State” representatives such as ministers, ministries, public operators and government agencies. A number of media partnerships will be established in the coming months. Media that enter into that process may use a specific visual scheme designating them as an “official partner” of COP21.
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