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Kat rin i E le ni PhD Student Carnegie Mellon University Architect Engineer NTUA | MSc Sustainable Design Carnegie Mellon University

2005-2014

Ka t rin i E l e n i PhD Student Carnegie Mellon University Architect Engineer NTUA | MSc Sustainable Design Carnegie Mellon University

contents CV

curriculum vitae

4

research

7

Toolkit for urban regenerative environments

8

Urban Camping

12

Energy Analysis of 2 Houses

16

urban design

21

Millvale Pivot II Ecodistrict Planning

22

Brookline Community Strategic Visioning + Planning

28

Upper Lawrenceville Strategic Planning

32

Reformation of Kozani’s central square

36

architecture

41

Thermonastic Tropism

42

Block of Flats in Piraeus

48

Gynaecological Clinic

56

Hairdresser Salon in Athens

58

photography

61

curriculum vitae Eleni Katrini Architect Engineer - MSc in Sustainable Design 587 S. Negley Ave Apt #1, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 el.katrini@gmail.com | www.elenikatrini.com

STUDiES | EDUCATiON Carnegie Mellon University - Pittsburgh, PA PhD in Building Performance & Diagnostics [Fall 2013 GPA: 4.04] .................................................2013-Present Master of Science in Sustainable Design [GPA: 3.82] ........................................................................2011-2012 National Technical University of Athens - Athens, Greece Diploma of Architecture [GPA: 8.52/10.00] .....................................................................................2002-2009 Escuela Tecnica Superior de Arquitectura de Barcelona_Barcelone, Spain Erasmus Program in Architecture .....................................................................................................2006-2007

PUBLiCATiONS | PRESENTATiONS 3rd Think Space Unconference MONEY, - Zagreb, Croatia “PITTSBURGH, A CITY IN TRANSITION; a review of David Harvey’s “Rebel Cities” and a proposal of civic organizational structure in the city of Pittsburgh” .....................................................................Jun 2014 3rd Annual International Conference for Urban Studies & Planning - Athens, Greece “Addressing Food, Water, Waste and Energy yields in Urban Regenerative Environments” ....................Jun 2013 Nature of Spatial Practices- Penn State University, PA Presentation of the “Toolkit for Urban Regenerative Environments”

...............................................Feb 2013

7th Biennale of Young Greek Architects - Athens, Greece Presentation of “Urban Camping” project ................................................................................Nov 2012 Innovation with Impact Research Exhibition - Carnegie Mellon University, PA presentation of the project Thermonastic Tropism ..............................................................................April 2012 Puerto Rico Design eXchange 2010 - Puerto Rico Honorable Mention of the project “Urban Camping” at the competition under the category Architecure Professional / http://www.prdx2010.co ...............................................Jun 2011 EME3 International Architecture exhibition - Barcelona, Spain Selection and Publication of the project “Urban Camping” .................................................................Jun 2011

AWARDS / SCHOLARSHIPS Evolve Environment & Architecture Fellowship- EvolveEA fellowship for graduate research .....................................................................................................2013-2014 School of Architecture’s Graduate Student Tuition Fund - CMU, PA full tuition fund for academic year 2013-2014 .................................................................................2013-2014 George W. Anderson, Jr. Graduate Student Award First place .......................................................................................................................................April 2012 Fulbright Scholarship - Athens, Greece Fulbright Scholar for the year 2011-2012 to pursue studies in Carnegie Mellon University .................2011-2012 ERASMUS Scholarship State Scholarships Foundation to attend the Escuela Tecnica de Arquitectura de Barcelona ................2006-2007

PERSONAL RESEARCH Toolkit for Urban Regenerative Environments Research Thesis at Carnegie Mellon University: Study of food production, stormwater, wastewater treatment and energy from waste systems to a toolkit for Urban Regenerative Environments. The purpose of the toolkit is to introduce the systems to designers and provide them with their key information through actual case studies. ..........................................................2012 Urban Camping Design project: Worked as a co-founder of the team PROMPT architects.Proposal of an alternative way of living in the city and retrofit of existing, old, abandoned buildings with no historical value .......2010-2011 “China Town”, Urban development in China now and then Research Lecture at National Technical University of Athens: Study and Analysis of China’s striving urban development and the correlation to its tradition ..........................................................2007-2008

PROFESSiONAL EXPERiENCE Evolve EA, Sustainable Architecture & Consulting - Pittsburgh, PA Project Manager. Worked in urban sustainable design projects. Worked for local communities strategic planning process. Documentation of LEED projects .........................Nov 2012 - Aug 2013 Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Building Performance & Diagnostics - Pittsburgh, PA Research Assistant under Azizan Aziz. Instrumentation, monitoring, analysis and reporting of experiments in the Intelligent Workplace, as part of the EEB HUB project ........Nov 2012 - Feb 2013 Carnegie Mellon University, School of Architecture - Pittsburgh, PA Office Assistant. Designing the weekly SoArch Calendar for the School of Architecture. ....Sep 2011 - May 2012 Aris Zambikos_GR 405 Architects - Athens, Greece Junior Architect. Worked on residential, renovation, and interior design projects................Oct 2009 - June 2011 Olive 3 Architects - Athens, Greece Junior Architect. Worked on renovations, interior and furniture design for residential and commercial buildings .........................................Jul 2008 - April 2009 Maria Karakitsiou, Architect - Athens, Greece Architectural designer. Worked on large projects of hotel complexes as well as single family residences. Specialized in drawing details and Greece’s building regulations .....................Nov 2007 - Apr 2008 Nikitas Panopoulos and Partners, Architect - Athens, Greece Design Intern. Worked in groups of 2 on residences and commercial building projects

...........Apr - Jul 2005

iNViTED CRiTiC Undergraduate Thesis Presentations Carnegie Mellon University ................................................................2013 4th year Sustainable Design Studio | Prof: Christine Mondor + Jeff King | Carnegie Mellon University ........2013 3rd year Systems Integration Studio | Prof: Vivian Loftness | Carnegie Mellon University .............................2013 3rd year Environment, Form & Feedback Studio | Prof: Dana Cupkova | Carnegie Mellon University ..........2013

CONTiNUED EDUCATiON KAM Workshop_”The Bankruptcy of Architecture” - Chania, Greece Proposal of an alternative way of living and urban camping / publication in the local press ................Aug 2010 ECOWEEK Workshops+Lectures - Athens, Greece Proposal of using Water as a Public Space / Selection and presentation at the press conference ..........April 2009 3d Studio Max level 1 Seminar_Arxis Institution .................................................................2005-2006 “History of greek art and architecture in the 5th century BC”_- Athens, Greece Seminars of the Archaelogical Society of Athens ..............................................................................2003-2004

8

research

9

2012

Toolkit for urban regenerative environments MSc Sustainable Design|CMU Advisors: Vivian Loftness, Azizan Aziz, Erica Cochran

Abstract

“At the same time that we must respond to climate change and rising energy costs, we must also adjust our housing stock to fit a changing demographic and find more frugal form of prosperity. Such a transformation will require deep change, not just in energy sources, technology, and conservation measures but also in urban design, culture and lifestyles.

More than just deploying green technologies and adjusting our thermostats, it will involve rethinking the way we live and the underlying form of our communities.” (Calthorpe, 2011) Our cities are built dependent on centralized systems of water and waste management, food and energy production. This practice has proven efficient for a while; nonetheless as our cities expand with immense speed and population increases, severe issues of food access, waste accumulation, floods, water contamination and increased energy demand reveal the obsolescence of those systems. The solution does not lie anymore only in conservation and precautionary measures but in a diverse way of thinking and redesigning existing infrastructures. Through this thesis, several systems of urban agriculture, decentralized water management and treatment, as well as energy production from waste were identified and studied through literature and actual case studies. The ultimate goal of the research was to create a toolkit for urban regenerative environments, which will be used to introduce those systems to designers. The key component of the toolkit is the quantitative link between the spatial demands of each system and its efficiency.

Methodology SCOPE

The scope of this research project is to identify technologies and case studies of urban food production, stormwater management, decentralized wastewater treatment and energy production from organic waste and present them through a comprehensive method.

The representation of the case studies through the Toolkit for Urban Regenerative Environments aims at creating a link between the size of the systems, their performance and capability to a district, neighborhood or building level.

10

RESEARCH PROCESS

The process of the work is defined by three phases.

The first phase was to delineate the different systems through literature review and data collection of recent or ongoing case studies. The second phase was to analyze, classify and document the case studies for the Toolkit of Urban Regenerative Environments. The classification of the case studies selected was realized based on three parameters: 1.The type of the system: food production, stormwater, wastewater treatment and energy from waste 2.The location of the system: landscape, rooftop, window, whole building 3.The scale of the system: building, neighborhood, district Each case study has been documented along with the following details: • Background story • System Description • Key dimensions • System capacity or annual production • Plan with graphic scale and general dimensions • Supporting information, diagrams and images The ultimate goal of this process is to provide the users of the toolkit with the ability to estimate the potential use of such a system in their projects based on their available space, building typology, community characteristics and other project demands.

Finally, as a proof of concept of the usability of the Toolkit as well as a way of investigation of the potentials of the systems presented, a design exercise was realized in a neighborhood in Philadelphia.

Different systems were selected and applied in an area considered as a food desert in Northern Liberties, close to downtown Philadelphia. Through this exercise the applicability of the Toolkit was tested and the potentials of the systems in another neighborhood were identified.

instructions index

benefits+yields classification

stamps with spatial demands

background

SYSTEMS FOOD PRODUCTION STORMWATER MANAGEMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT

CASE STUDIES + LITERATURE

PROOF OF CONCEPT: THE PHILADELPHIA EXAMPLE

ENERGY FROM WASTE

11

How the Toolkit is Used

The toolkit includes 2 introductory cards, 4 cards with general information about the four system categories; food production, stormwater, wastewater treatment, energy from waste, 19 cards presenting different case studies, a references’ card and a CD. The first 2 cards present how to use the toolkit. The instructions card, gives necessary information or references to the design team for the data calculation, based on the number of residents of a certain project: 1.How much fresh fruits and vegetables they consume 2.The runoff volume generated from the area of the project 3.The wastewater produced by the residents 4.How much food waste is produced from the residents Based on the above data, and space availability of the certain project, the design team can decide which system is more appropriate. On the second introductory card the classification index of the case studies is presented.

All the case studies are classified by: 1.The system: Food Production, Stormwater, Wastewater Treatment and Energy from Waste 2.Location of Action: Landscape, on Rooftop, on the Façade or Whole Building approach 3.Scale of project: Building Level, Neighborhood Level and District Level The systems introductory cards are found before the related case studies cards. They present the system’s benefits and a short description of different current technologies. Each case study card has the same structure to help the user understand the project, its basic information, the system and its requirements.

On the front side, there are images, the title, the classification of the system and a short paragraph about the background of the project. The back side is dedicated to the presentation of the system. On the right there are all the main information about the system; the system description, its key dimensions, its capacity, how much it yields etc. For all the case studies, there is always a description of the system and key dimensions category, as well as a category where shows the yield or capacity of the system. Consequently, the spatial demands of each system presented are correlated with its quantitative benefits. On the right side, there is the supporting graphic material along with the plan of each system (stamp). The idea of the stamp is to outline the system and its key dimensions.

The design team could recreate those stamps on their plans and multiply accordingly to calculate the yields.

Proof of Concept THE NEIGHBORHOOD

12

In order to test how the toolkit is used in the design process, a design exercise was realized as a proof

of concept in the city of Philadelphia. Although Philadelphia is a dense urban area, food deserts are found within its limits. According to US Department of Agriculture’s ‘Food Desert Locator,’ there are three areas currently defined as a food deserts; one of which is the study area. USDA defines a food desert as a “lowincome census tract where a substantial number or share of residents has low access to a supermarket or large grocery store”. The neighborhood is located in the general area of Northern Liberties and Fishtown.

It has 2171 residents; all of whom are considered to have low access to fresh food. There are 951 housing units and the total area of the development is 142 acres.

DESIGN ACTIONS

After an initial investigation of the neighborhood, vacant lots, industrial and commercial rooftops were considered as possible spaces to grow edible plants.

80% of every vacant lot and 62% of every industrial and commercial rooftop are used for urban agriculture, leading to 25.7 acres of land. For wastewater a Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) was implemented in the neighborhood that has the capacity to treat about 100,000 gals/day. Finally, the neighborhood will host an anaerobic digester that will treat organic waste and produce biogas for cooking and heating purposes in the residential units. The above design actions resulted in the following quantitative and qualitative benefits: QUANTITATIVE BENEFITS

• Food Produced supply 50% of the residents’ needs for fresh fruits and vegetables (1085 residents) Wastewater treated with the MBR 100% of the residential wastewater produced gets treated on site • Waste treated the digester will treat the residential food waste of 12 neighborhoods of the same size • Energy Produced the anaerobic digester produces 5,860 MMBtus/yr of gas which is 7% of the neiborhood’s demand (66.5 Housing Units) • Stormwater the proof of concept in Philadelphia revealed the limitation of the toolkit to address the detailed runoff calculations in large areas QUALITATIVE BENEFITS

Education educational programs are organized in the local farms for students. Informational Center of the digester brings ‘human waste to human scale’.

Job opportunities creation of job opportunities and support of local economy through on site farms and food processing businesses Community creation of green spaces with activities that can bring the community together.

Reducing miles travelled food is becoming accessible in the neighborhood reducing the miles travelled.

Waste diversion Every year 5,000 tons of organic waste is diverted from landfills and about 70,629,334 ft3 of methane is being captured.

Orchard of 64 apple + pear trees 67 growing beds

Views of the Fresh Park (above), the anaerobic digester (below left) and stormwater sidewalk planters (below right)

2010

Urban Camping

PROMPT Architects|CoFounder

Team: Ilda Efi Oikonomidi, Dimitris Papageorgiou, Mara Papavasileiou

These public spaces, as spaces of meeting of urban culture movements and different groups (cyclists, etc) intensifies the social aspect of the city. The floors of the building are reserved to the «private» section of use, the urban camping, where the user can rent the 14

03 Human Needs

Even though some needs stay always the same, their way of satisfaction changes and also new needs emerge.

private

In an attempt to integrate this urban camping in this particular building of OTE at Chania, we found that it is of major importance to open the public space of the city within the building. Chania is a city of dense urban fabric, due to the venetian influence, thus the creation of an urban plaza at the basement, which is followed by an open to the public terrace.

People move more and more today, for reasons of work, study, travel.

water atrium

These observations lead us to the conclusion that what people seek today is an ephemeral ownership of small «packages» of space and equipment in order to fullfil their needs : a flexible scheme of appropriation that can encapsulate the variation of changing modes of living, working, travelling, etc. This scheme can be hosted by the evacuated buildings within the city centers, creating a species of urban camping.

02 Mobility

public vertical movement

The financial crisis leads to the failure of many enterprises and thus the evacuation of workspaces at central points of cities. The ownership of either land or buildings is being questioned since the value of space is constantly changing and, moreover, there is no concentration of capital strong enough to lead to such investments. Ownership of space is not correspondent to the constantly growing mobility of people within one country or worldwide. This mobility is also being depicted on the transformation of the expression of human needs, for example e-working.

The value of space is constantly changing.

People invest less and less money on the property of space Urban sprawl vs densification of cities.

green atrium

The summer workshops of KAM investigate the extremely contemporary issue of the bankruptcy of architecture, taken into consideration through a larger frame of financial, social and spatial parameters.

Before giving an answer to the question of the reuse of the empty building of the Hellenic Organization of Telecommunications (OTE) at Chania, which was the purpose of the workshop, we intended to examine the contemporary condition, and more specifically the matters of space and human needs.

01 Space

private vertical movement

Architecture, as a depiction of the needs and the conditions of each particular moment in time, oughts to be updated with the problems of every moment.

equipment that is needed (bedroom unit, working station, kitchen unit, bathroom unit) and create his temporary settlement.

The constant mobility of users lists the evolution of uses and needs through time. This mobility is depicted at the facade of the building. The fact that the building can answer to the transformation of human needs consists a sort of a safety valve to its future continuous use and the avoidance of forthcoming evacuation.

So in the building of Hellenic Organization of Telecommunications in Chania, we keep the ground

floor and the terrace open to public. Especially the ground floor is united with the existing patio at the facade of the building, and leads you gradually into the plaza. The floors in between receive the open spaces for the activity of the urban camping.

Each urban camper arranges his space as he wants.

The charge depends on the stations one selects. There is a kitchen, a bedroom, a working and a bathroom set + different panels in order to “close� the dwelling. The stations are all 1.20m wide and 2.50m tall and in order to fit with each other.

minimum existenz but customization depending on different needs

BASIC LAYOUT OF THE GENERAL PROPOSAL INTO THE OTE BULIDING.

PUBLIC PRIVATE PRIVATE PUBLIC

15

Hypothetical dwellings made of the urban camping’s modules.

Random combination of dwellings.

kitchen station

bathroom station

bedroom station

panels

working station

AVAILABLE MODULES

16

1ST - 2ND FLOOR’S PLAN RANDOM LAYOUT OF THE URBAN CAMPING

r St

at

i

u go

T

n za

ak

a

ki

st

.

GROUND FLOOR’S PLAN WITH THE GREEN AND WATER ATRIUMS

Easy access to the public plaza through the patio

BAGS OF DEBRIS ARE USED AS SEATS

2012

Energy Analysis of 2 Houses Urban Design Build Studio|CMU

Clients: Habitat for Humanity + Bloomfield Corporation Supervisor: John Folan

Background

The Urban Design Build Studio is run by John Folan and incorporates students, professors, organizations and communities in a real-life one-year studio. As a part of the studio in 2012, two groups of students designed from concept to construction drawings two affordable single-family houses. As a part of the team, I was their energy consultant and worked with them along the design process.

The first house is located in New Castle, PA and it is a collaboration with Habitat for Humanity. The 2nd was in Garfield, PA, in collaboration with BloomfieldGarfield Corporation. Both teams were students on their 4th year of studies in Architecture, working with professionals from the building industry.

As a sustainability consultant, my scope of my work was to provide suggestions about the general massing of the design and realize energy analysis for both houses. The analysis was realized in REM Rate v12, a software appropriate for single family housing.

Through the working process, it was ensured that the houses will meet and go beyond the IECC 2009 code. Suggestions about the construction details were provided to achieve a better performance. Moreover, research about the appropriate HVAC system and types of windows was realized.

The houses were analyzed based on their Energy Use intensity. “EUI, or energy use intensity, is a unit of measurement that describes a building’s energy use. EUI represents the energy consumed by a building relative to its size.” EUI is a really important terminology when we compare buildings and it is measured in kBTU/ft2. EUI is important because it shows how much the building consumes per square foot, so the measurement is not related to the building’s size. In that way it is possible to compare the performance of several buildings with different sizes by comparing their EUIs. Moreover, the houses’ performance was ranked by HERS score. RESNET has created HERS score as a rating system that helps in knowing just how energy efficient an already-built home is. The HERS score is a way of quantifying that information. A standard home would be 100 in the scale and an zero energy house would be between 20 and 0. Energy Star certified building has an 85 HERS score. Whatever there is 18

above 100 is not considered energy efficient.

LIMITATIONS

The limitation of the study was that both the teams have proceeded with the design procedure during the Fall Semester. Hence, the consulting process was focused more on the construction phase. Investigation about design decisions was realized, nevertheless it didn’t always lead to changes.

New Castle Project

The plot has a North-West orientation and the houses will lead that orientation in order to be aligned with the street and continue the street front. The biggest liability of the plot are the West winds during the winter, and the biggest asset the SouthWest winds during the summer. Appropriate placing of massing and windows to protect from West winds and take advantage of the SouthWest ones.

MASSING RECOMMENDATIONS

1.South openings are really important, in order to let the solar radiation penetrate the building shell, heat the house and minimize heating loads during the winter months. On the contrary during the summer, the trees on the side of Madison Avenue and the entrance porch on SouthEast will ensure the shading during the summer months and the protection from West and East summer direct sunlight. Nevertheless the louvers of the porch must be on moving modules to give the opportunity of opening up during the winter so that they do not compromise the visual comfort of the residents.

2.On the West facades, the window area should be the minimum possible to prevent great heat losses due to infiltration and winter west winds.

3.For the above reasons, the entrance should be protect by the appropriate massing and orientation from the west winter winds.

4.Incorporation of secondary uses on west-facing walls [stairs, bathroom, furniture walls] to block the heat losses 5.Windows in general should be aligned in the interior part of the wall or in the middle to be protected from rain and moisture

SUMMER

WINTER High Performance Buildings

Zero Energy Buildings

a

b+d 2nd Floor

e

TH EP

LO T

RECOMMENDATIONS

1st Floor

c

N 19

HERS score | RESNET

46

K

50 45 40 35

SCENARIO K: FINAL REMRATE REPORT

30

Estimated Annual Energy Consumption

25 20 15 10 5 K H 0 EUI (mBtus/ft2-yr)

6.Based on the climate data, due to the increase relative humidity, a dehumidification system is necessary. Hence, the incorporation of an ERV system for ventilation would be more appropriate compared to an HRV. Different scenarios were investigated and compared based on EUI and HERS score. Firstly different types of siding were explored: in case A the siding was vinyl and the shingles asphalt and in case B both the siding and the shingles were metal. By comparing the two simulation runs, the differences between energy consumptions are insignificant. Consequently metal siding was selected over the vinyl one for their project. The 2nd comparison was between different HVAC systems. The attempt was to evaluate the performance of a radiant floor (Case C), compared to a traditional air forced system (Baseline B). In case C, the HVAC included a hydronic boiler of an output capacity of 26 kBtus and efficiency of 84.5 AFUE. The boiler is connected to the radiant floor that distributes heat throughout the house. Cooling is being done through independent split systems of SEER 18. In case B the HVAC system consists of a gas furnace with 62 kBtuh output capacity and 93 AFUE. The air conditioning unit has a performance of 18.7 SEER. Based on the simulation, the energy consumption with the radiant system is significantly lower.

Based on the first baseline (B) created by the design team, the wall detail had 2”x 6” studs, 16 o.c. , 5 1/2 “ batt cavity insulation (R21) in between and 3/4” rigid foam continuous insulation (R3) outside. The the wall assembly’s U-value was 0.046 BTU/h °F ft2. The floor between the conditioned space and the unconditioned basement had 3 1/2” batt insulation of R15. In order to explore the possibilities in energy reduction based on a better building envelope, simulation was realized (case D) with 4” of rigid foam continuous insulation on the outside layer of the walls (R20) and 5 1/2 batt insulation (R21) in the floor between basement and conditioned space. A significant energy reduction was identified based on that design action. In simulation for scenario E, the building had both increased insulation and a radiant floor system. Scenario E compared to the baseline B, with less insulation and a forced air system, succeeded decrease in energy consumption.

After meeting the client, the design team was considering the option of eliminating the basement from their proposed design, for economic reasons.

U-FACTOR SHGC U-FACTOR VLT%SHGC VLT% Three different simulations were processed to evaluate U-FACTOR | SHGC 0.28 0.240.28 44 the 0.24changes 44 on the energy performance of the building.

0.24 0.170.24 40 0.17 40 The first option was the building with a full basement 0.28 0.240.28 44 0.24 44 (baseline B), the 2nd case (F) was with a half basement 0.27 0.180.27 40 0.18 40 and finally the 3rd option was no basement at all (case 0.29 0.230.29 43 0.23 43 0.29 0.180.29 40 G).

0.18 Due 40 to economic restrictions, the scenario with no 0.29 0.230.29 43 basement 0.23 43 was selected and simulations for different slab 0.29 0.180.29 40 0.18 40 detailing on grade was realized. Scenario H, the slab 0.28 0.230.28 43 0.23 has a 2”43rigid board insulation (R10) on the perimeter 0.25 0.230.25 43 0.23 43 of0.37the outer side of the foundation walls, which goes 0.23 0.370.23 45 45

Pella Windows: 350 Pella Series________________________________________________________________________________________________ Windows: 350 Series________________________________________________________________________________________________

TABLE 1: WINDOW

CASEMENT/AWNING CASEMENT/AWNING

TYPE OF WINDOW TYPE OF WINDOW RECOMMENDATIONS 1

11/16” Advanced 1 11/16” Low-E Advanced IG with 3mm Low-E glassIG (vent) with 3mm glass (vent)

2

11/16” SunDefense 2 11/16” Low-ESunDefense IG with Argon Low-E withIG 3mm withglass Argon (vent) with 3mm glass (vent)

3

11/16” Advanced 3 11/16” Low-E Advanced IG with 3mm Low-E glassIG (vent-foam with 3mm insulation) glass (vent-foam insulation)

4

11/16” SunDefense 4 11/16” Low-ESunDefense IG with 3mm Low-E glassIG (vent-foam with 3mm insulation) glass (vent-foam insulation)

5

11/16” Advanced 5 11/16” Low-E Advanced IG with 3mm/5mm Low-E IGglass with(vent) 3mm/5mm glass (vent)

6

11/16” SunDefence 6 11/16” Low-E SunDefence IG with 3mm/5mm Low-E IGglass with(vent) 3mm/5mm glass (vent)

7

11/16” Advanced 7 11/16” Low-E Advanced IG with 3mm/5mm Low-E IGglass with(vent-foam 3mm/5mm insulation) glass (vent-foam insulation)

8

11/16” SunDefense 8 11/16” Low-ESunDefense IG with 3mm/5mm Low-E IGglass with(vent-foam 3mm/5mm insulation) glass (vent-foam insulation)

9

1” Advanced9Low-E 1” Advanced IG with 5mm Low-E glassIG (vent) with 5mm glass (vent)

10 1” Advanced10 Low-E 1” Advanced IG with argon Low-E withIG 5mm withglass argon (vent) with 5mm glass (vent) 11 1” NaturalSun11 Low-E 1” NaturalSun Triple-paneLow-E IG with Triple-pane 3mm glassIG with 3mm glass

20

Notes: From the windows Notes: From selection the windows above, the selection windows above, with the windows lower U-Factor with the forlower betterU-Factor insulation forand better withinsulation higher Visual and with Lighting higher Visual Lighting Transmission for better Transmission visual quality for better are the visual triple quality pane are windows the triple (number pane windows 11). However, (number just 11). because However, theyjust arebecause more expensive they arethan more the expensive than the double pane the double second pane betterthe selection secondwould betterbe selection the 1” Advanced would be the Low-E 1” Advanced IG with Argon Low-E withIG5mm withglass Argon (number with 5mm 10).glass Those (number ones have 10). Those ones have a lower SHGC too,awhich lower means SHGC too, thatwhich the windows means that are not thegoing windows to get areoverheated not going toduring get overheated the summer. during Finally, theif summer. for economic Finally, reasons if for economic reasons windows without argon windows gaswithout are preferred, argon gas I would are preferred, suggest either I would number suggest 9 oreither number number 4, because 9 or number they are 4, because the ones they with are the the better ones U- with the better Ufactors. For betterfactors. visual quality For better between visualthe quality two between (VLT= 43%) the number two (VLT= 9 should 43%) be number selected.

9 should be selected.

down 3.5 ft under the slab. In case I, the slab is insulated underneath with a 4” rigid board insulation (R20). In scenario J, the slab is both insulated underneath with a 4”rigid board insulation (R20) and on the perimeter with a 2” rigid board insulation (R10). The rest of the assemblies were kept the same. Based on the above simulations, scenario H and J had the lowest EUI. Simulations were also realized for different thickness of insulation in the wall assemblies. Based on them, the best and more cost-efficient options between which a decision should be made are the 3/4” or the 2” continuous exterior insulation. Window types were selected from Pella, based on their performance.

(Table1) Based on the above, a final simulation was realized (scenario K), where both perimeter and under slab insulation were implemented and the windows applied were selection 11 from the Pella list provided above.

Scenario H and K were compared in order to quantify the improvement in performance by the above design decisions. Scenario K was finally implemented, with an EUI of 45 mBtus/ft2-yr and a HERS score of 46.

GARFIELD PROJECT

The project in Garfield is a 1920 ft2 single family house, which is two stories high. It has an almost true SouthNorth orientation, with the North facade being on the street access. It is a wood frame construction with concrete blocks on the basement walls. The South and North facades are following a different construction from the East and West ones; they have big windows coming in prefabricated modules and being placed on the facade. The layers of the assemblies as well as their R-Values are given on the table on the side.

After the simulation, REMRate verified that the house meets the IECC 2012 code and can be certified.

However the EUI of the house is 40.05 kBtu/ft2 and its HERS score is 71. That means that there is space for improvement. Firstly, it is really important to keep the layer of insulation as continuous as possible in order to minimize thermal bridges. Even though there might be an insulation break, all the pieces should be aligned.

However the most important thing affecting the performance of the building is the North and South facade construction.

From the first simulation, it was obvious the effect of the facades and windows in the energy consumption, especially during the winter (heating season). What the chart shows is that for the biggest part of energy consumption, Above grade walls and windows/ skylights are contributing the most. (REM Rate Report 1) However, due to design decisions, and as far as the building is meeting the code and surpassing it, the construction of the South and North walls should not be changed. Further on, three simulations were realized in order to explore possible effects from: increase in roof insulation, increase in West and East walls insulation and finally re-sizing of the mechanical systems appropriately based on the building’s design loads. Five different scenarios were explored that gave up to 1.9 mBtus/ft2-yr difference in the house’s EUI from the baseline. As the impact of increasing the insulation is the different assemblies was not that effective, it is proposed not to take any action for economic reasons. The different scenarios simulated can are shown below. (table 2)

MBtus/ft2-yr Baseline

50

Baseline with 2 extra inches of continuous rigid foam insulation on the exterior of the West and East walls

38.2

40.0

39.1

39.5

39.2

35 30

40.1

45 40

25

Baseline with 4 extra inches of continuous rigid foam insulation on the exterior side of the roof

20

Baseline with right-sized HVAC: a 36,000 Btu Furnace with 95 AFUE and a 1,5 ton sir conditioning unit with 18.5 SEER efficiency

15 10 5 0

TABLE 2:

Baseline with 2 extra inches of continuous rigid foam insulation on the exterior side of the roof

EUI (mBtus/ft2-yr)

Scenario with all the above design actions of Scenario A, C and D. [2” more of wall insulation, 4” more on roof insulation + new HVAC]

COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT SCENARIOS

21

22

urban design

23

2013

Millvale Pivot II Ecodistrict Planning EvolveEA

Team: Christine Mondor, Anna Rosenblum

The Borough of Millvale is a classic western Pennsylvania mill town with a compact residential and commercial district woven into a dramatic landscape of hillsides and waterfront.

Similar to many riverfront industrial communities, Millvale suffered a loss of business and population as the steel industry declined in the region. To further complicate matters, Millvale sits at the bottom of the Girty’s Run watershed where upstream development has repeatedly caused flooding in its business district and residential areas.

Over the years, Millvale officials have worked to rehabilitate and rejuvenate the community in the face of economic adversity, flood events, and environmental challenges. Recently, the community has seen return on these efforts as they are receiving attention for its affordability, livability and proactive efforts. The community is looking to accelerate positive growth and development with a focus on sustainability principles and triple bottom line thinking.

The community has embarked on an ecodistricts planning process and evolveEA has been proud to facilitate ecodistrict training with the community.

The training was intended to build the community’s capacity to catalyze renewal by introducing residents to ecodistrict concepts, contextualizing current

24

community efforts, and by asking residents to envision how ecodistrict principles might be applied in future planning projects.

This project was the second step in ecodistrict planning through the creation of a community wide assessment around the key elements of water, food and energy.

The assessment provided a conceptual framework of goals and strategies that preserve, replenish, and maximize the use of resources within the Borough.

Catalytic projects were identified to become the focus of future in-depth planning and implementation.

This project was a targeting assessment & plan development in areas of water, food and energy. The goals included: • Identifying opportunities to implement green infrastructure and technologies in order to decrease negative impact of water-related issues and identifying where water can be considered as an asset.

• Identifying local actions and programs to support food and energy sufficiency and long-term supplies.

• Using the inventory, analyses and recommendations from water, food and energy to inform potential for development in one community identified project.

WATER

unburry the stream - unburry and daylight the stream wherever possible

localized sewersheds - deal with localized sewersheds - implement green infrastructure

implement good practice - decrease impervious surfaces - rainwater catchment & reuse

Mapping water issues in Millvale: 14% of Millvale to be within the floodplain Girty’s Run in Millvale annual subcatchment runoff is 91 Mgal 62% of Millvale is pervious area 38% of Millvale is impervious The existing Green Infrastructure is 400+ trees planted 1 acre of bioswale

25

Working closely with an Advisory Group consisting of officials and representatives from the community, we managed to realize information gathering activities, analyses and recommendations. The three topics analyzed by the process were water, energy and food.

Detailed mapping of those three topics in Millvale were realized during this process.

The water analysis investigated the impact and opportunities related to stormwater and Girty’s Run for the town of Millvale. The analysis used existing technical resources and findings to inform the work.

A general strategy for Girty’s Run is identified and 3 specific areas are analysed more in depth.

The food & energy analyses examined ways that food and energy sufficiency can improve quality of life, ecological performance and economic opportunity.

The analysis investigated existing efforts to find where aggregation of efforts can improve performance or provide marketing advantage to community businesses and residents. This project helped prioritize projects, leverage future partnerships, and inform the community’s solicitations for support and funding.

DEMAND RESTAURANT CLUSTER

REQUIRED FOOD

(future assumptions)

(based on average plate distribution)

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4

specialty diners

3

upscale restaurants

2

cafe take out

2 8K

tons of fruits+nuts

of 47 tons vegetables

plates/yr

1.8

tons of fish

of 3.7 tons egss

PRODUCTION PRODUCTION AREA

(based on adjusted yield data) aquaculture area/yield was not determined

aquaculture: 0.5 ac 213 chickens for 60.000 lays/year

chickens: 0.7 ac fruits/nuts: 2.0 ac vegetables: 3.0 ac 0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

acres

YIELDS %

33%

of fruits + nuts

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50%

of vegetables

100% of eggs

100% of fish

FOOD peripheral agriculture - food forest - edible landscape - gardens food network - urban food production - food processing systems - food distribution networks food hub - urban grange - greenhouse

river potentials - floating gardens - fish farms / aquaponics

Mapping food opportunities in Millvale: 9.1 acres of hillside area 4.5 acres of vacant lots 66 vacant lots 2 lots of community gardens 1 community orchard 3 apiary sites 30 commercial kitchens 24 food service 4 food processing businesses 2 grocery stores 1 Farmers Market

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• Distillation of possible community performance goals related to water, food and energy • Identification of opportunities for strategies, policies, projects, and partners • Identification of possible challenges to future planning and implementation

With the community we identified a focus project that is integrally related to the energy, water and food concepts. This project was examined according to the water, food, and energy recommendations for possible synergies. This investigation helped inform the project scope and may be included in future solicitations for support. Our process included: • Analysis of assets and liabilities related to water, including existing projects and partnerships

1

3

ENERGY Solar Roof program

1

Net Zero apartments 3 Energy Coop

2

4

Bike Routes

2

4

FOOD Rooftop gardens 2 Outdor eating Restaurant plaza & cluster 1

3

4 5 6

Community gardens Grange classroom Fresh Food Market 7

4

1

2

7 3

Greenhouse

5 6

NEW CONSTRUCTION WATER

3

Girty’s Run Culvert Art Park

1 3

2 Trees bumpouts Reclaimed water cascade 4 Aquaponics

4

2

1

2

RETROFIT

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ENERGY network of PV arrays - network of institutional, commercial and residential flat roofs that are connected to the grid - Independent flat roofs that serve directly the buildings minimizing the EUI on a district level

NETWORK of PV ARRAYS

- Network of institutional, commercial and residential flat roofs, that are connected to the grid.

- Independent flat roofs that serve directly the buildings, minimizing the EUI on a district level.

ENERGY HUB

- Cluster of interconnected PV arrays on commercial flat roofs, that serve the food hub - Energy supply from water turbines in the river.

energy hub - cluster of interconnected PV arrays on commercial flat roofs that serve the food hub - Energy supply from water turbines in the river

RIVER FLOW

- System of multiple water turbines in the Allegheny river

river flow - system of multiple water turbines in the Allegheny river

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2013

Brookline Community Strategic Visioning + Planning EvolveEA|Project Manager

Team: Christine Mondor, Anna Rosenblum

Brookline Boulevard has seen great change in the past 100 years and is on the threshold of changes that will determine its next century.

What began as a dirt road connecting two communities later became a vibrant community place itself. As businesses rooted alongside the road, families shopped, travelers drove, and trolley riders visited the neighborhood, it became the center of community life. Today the trolleys are gone and the number of visitors have diminished, but the community has continued to support the mainline.

The business district has the potential to reach beyond the surrounding community to become known across the city for its restaurants, merchants and services.

True to its boulevard title, Brookline is well traveled by residents and, to a lesser extent, by people using it as a through street. The generous width allows for “car-friendly� head-in parking in the business district and is part of the unique character of the district.

The ongoing multi-million dollar road reconstruction project is making the area vehicle friendly and is also improving the pedestrian experience with safety and aesthetic improvements for sidewalks, crosswalks and other areas. When the Brookline Boulevard renewal project is complete, the streetscape will become the proverbial red carpet to welcome people to the community—yet there are still improvements to be

made.

Although the community is fond of the Boulevard, it is little known across the city. In order for the business district and the community to thrive, it needs to attract visitors and ultimately new residents. This project created a vision and identity for the Brookline Boulevard corridor that is memorable to draw others to the community and resonates with business owners and residents. The plan needs to identify actionable opportunities for business owners and residents to contribute to the renewal to galvanize around the necessary actions.

Popular places along Brookline Boulevard and in the greater neighborhood Cannon Park

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Cannon Coffee

Carnegie Library

Las Palmas

Firehouse

Kribel’s Bakery

CVS Pharmacy

Pitaland

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By listening to the community aspirations, analyzing the neighborhood’s physical fabric, and by looking or patterns across market and demographic trends, the following identities emerged:

Friendly and Accessible

International Marketplace

The final proposal included a phased action plan including short, middle and long term actions. The community group, which is currently powered by volunteers, will take immediate action while building capacity for larger and more complex projects in the future. Both in the design of Brookline’s physical fabric and in the increase in the community capacity, this project positions Brookline Boulevard as the center of an evolving and resilient community.

Brookline’s business district will be a unique place to eat and shop for international cuisine and products, supported by the emerging immigrant demographics and the presence of established and new ethnic businesses.

Fun and Fit

Brookline will be known as a community known for its recreational athletics, community health, and entrepreneurial energy around sports, supported by its robust recreational centers

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Brookline will be known as a friendly and accessible “complete community”, supported by amenities and assets that attract a diversity of residents.

International Marketplace

Fun and Fit

Friendly and Accesible

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2012-2013

Upper Lawrenceville Strategic Planning EvolveEA

Team: Christine Mondor, Lindsay Waters

Upper Lawrenceville, or the 10th Ward as it affectionately called by the residents, is part of the thriving Lawrenceville neighborhood of Pittsburgh. Known for its youthful culture within historic urban fabric, Central and Lower Lawrenceville have transformed in the past years with significant investment and planning efforts.

This development energy has also surfaced in Upper Lawrenceville and this Strategy Study was the first significant planning effort dedicated solely to the 10th Ward area.

The Study examined Upper Lawrenceville at three scales, the parcel, the corridor or block scale, and the neighborhood or district scale. As originally conceived, the Strategy Study was to focus at the parcel level to create strategies that could catalyze a few prominent underused properties in the neighborhood. The study soon expanded to address the needs of a larger community vision when it was discovered that there was private interest in developing many of these properties. Plans specific to a building or parcel were contextualized within a broader view of a community vision.

To give more flexibility to the plan, the Study expanded to explore how the corridors of the 10th Ward could give identity to the community. The dominant corridor, Butler Street, shares many physical characteristics with its Central and Lower Lawrenceville neighbors and is beginning to experience some of the same development pressures. The other major corridor, McCandless Street, is far less distinct as the major thoroughfare through residential, institutional and industrial areas. Despite the need for physical improvements, McCandless connects the hillside community to the river and the intersection of McCandless and Butler marks the heart of the community.

Lastly, this study examined Upper Lawrenceville as a district by creating an identity and series of principles that would help prioritize future development to suit the community’s long term livability goals. The principles built upon existing physical and cultural legacy of the 10th Ward, but also were aspirational, seeding a vision for a future yet to come. The district wide principles suggest indicators of success that focus on economic, cultural and environmental issues.

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Alley Housing

Long thought of as a liability, alley housing can be renovated into small and affordable units lining a street with character and charm. Upper Lawrenceville is one of a handful of neighborhoods in the city with alley housing and the Study identified the opportunities to create shared open space gardens, bike areas and car parks to make the “alley commons� a desirable place for young professionals, families and older residents.

Green Streets

As McCandless Street traverses through past hillside houses, flat residential and commercial areas, and industrial areas, it lacks a cohesive experience and is often used as a speedy shortcut. In addition to catching traffic from the side streets, it also retraces an original streambed and funnels stormwater from the surrounding streets. The study proposed a series

of green infrastructure improvements on McCandless Street such as stormwater planters that use planters and tree wells to narrow wide streets at intersections, capturing water and calming traffic.

Define the Center

As one of the longest continuous commercial corridors in the city, it can be difficult to create a critical mass of business traffic. This is especially true in Upper Lawrenceville, where there are vacant storefronts and properties create significant gaps in the identity and experience of the district. The study identified that creating a center at the intersection of McCandless and Butler would help to define the district as activity radiates out from planned improvements.

Pop-Up! Fill-In!

Currently one of the defining factors of the Upper Lawrenceville stretch of Butler Street is that it has more vacant storefronts and properties that other areas of Butler. The Pop-Up! Fill-In! initiative is a program that works with property owners and potential tenants to encourage short term use and branding of underused spaces that later develop into long term tenure. The Study identified three innovative business development models that could be used to create energy (“pop-ups”) and maintain momentum (“fill-in”) for the business district.

River Recreation

Riverfront access and recreation will help redefine McCandless Street as the corridor that connects residents and businesses to the river. The community envisions a park that serves neighborhood needs, including connection to regional bike trails, a small park, access for kayaks and canoes, and a floating barge pool that attracts seasonal visitors. The green stormwater infrastructure that defines McCandless Avenue gives the riverfront park its character and the overlook celebrates the improved quality of the water by returning water to the river that is cleaner than when it left the sky.

Green Space Network

The Green Space Network proposes to transform underused open space into a group of gardens, trails and parklets that better serve the community’s growing needs. Allotment gardens are proposed as part of an overhaul of the Duncan playground. Urban parklets are part of plan for public space to be developed as part of new development such as alley housing and renovations like the McCleary school. The community would also like to create a trail system in the adjacent hillside and cemetery to create a network of trails that connect new and existing green spaces.

35

T-1

IO-1 H-3 S-3

H-2 H-1 IO-2 IO-3

M-1

M-2

T-4

M-3 IO-4

S-1

T-2 S-2

T-3

INFRASTRUCTURE + OWNERSHIP

MATERIALS + SYSTEMS

SAFETY

TRANSPORT

IO-1 Green Spaces

H-1

Retrofit of existing single-family

T-1

Public Transit

S-1

Traffic Calming

M-1

Passive House

IO-2 Rain Gardens

H-2

Retrofit & combining 2 existing units into1

T-2

Bike Parking

S-2

Street Lighting

M-2

Permeable Paving

H-3

New Construction

T-3

Midblock Autoparking

S-3

“Limited” Car Access

M-3

Progressive Technologies

Waste

IO-3 Management IO-4 Food Production

& Composting

36

HOUSING TYPES

T-4

Street Autoparking

P-1 P-3 P-2

P-4

G-1

P-5 G-2

G-3 A-2

G-3 P-1

PROGRAM

GREEN SPACE

P-1 River Overlook

G-1 Green Streets

P-2 Bike Trail “Offramp”

G-2 Landscape Piazza

P-3 The Beach

G-3 Wetland

P-4

Cinema on the River

A-2 Car Park

P-5

Farmer’s/Flea Market

37

2010

Reformation of Kozani’s central square National Architectural Competition

Team: Aristodimos Komninos, Aphrodite Lyroudia, Mara Papavasiliou

The motive of the synthetic proposal was the preservation of the trees and the area of “protection” around each one of them. A pattern formed by circles of variable diameter wraps around the trees and points the accesses and the limits of the square, which are connected with the pedestrian streets around it. In that way the square gains a new identity and character. The microclimate of the area is optimized by adding water elements and trees at the northern part of the square. Green areas and soft surfaces wrap around the trees and as we distance from them we find slate tiling. The basic principle of the proposal is a mild intervention, the retention of all trees and the reuse of a great part of the prior tiling.

The scene is placed in the center and it has multiple uses. The urban equipment is enriched with benches, chairs, lamps, a playground and new stands.

38

accesses

optical obstacles

landmarks

trees

crossings

events

political speech

performance

scenarios of spatial organization

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01

02

04

03

DETAIL OF THE SUNSHADE FOR THE OUTDOORS SPACE OF THE CAFETERIA fabric suspension of the leaves metal structure metalic U profile used as a gutter

foundation

grade

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

01 detail of the bench and tree pots

02 details for spraying water

section AA

03 detail of the tiling

path for the blind

42

architecture + design

43

2011

Thermonastic Tropism

Biologic Responsive Design|CMU

Motivation | Approach

The goal of the project was to develop dynamic elements which respond to changes in temperature.

The thermonastic movements of the Tulip flower were studied for inspiration to develop conceptual systems based on movement and heat. The tulip flower opens and closes its petals based on the external temperature.

The petals open up when the temperature is high and close when the temperature is low.

This movement of the petals is facilitated by movement of water through the plant.

System

The opening and closing of the flower is enabled by water transport and transpiration in the plant.

The petals of the flower open up when water from other parts of the plant reach the base of the petals.

The volume of the petal cells increases due to turgidity and causes the petals to open up. The petals close when the amount of water reaching the petal cells decreases.

The turgidity of the petal cells decreases causing the cells to lose rigidity and close. The elastic properties of the cell walls of the plant cells enable the reversible increase and decrease in volume.

The opening and closing of the petals is enabled due to change in temperature. Change in temperature activates a protein (phosphorylation) in the cell responsible for opening and closing water channels in plant cells. When the protein is activated, the water channels open up and rapid water transportation takes place to the petals causing them to open up. When the temperature decreases, dephosphorylation results in gating of the water channels. The amount of water reaching the petals reduces, causing them to close eventually. The petals open at a temperature of 5oC and close at a temperature of 20oC. The abaxial tissue on the lower side of the perianth increases in length at a low temperature, where as the abaxial tissue on the upper side of the perianth increases in length at a high temperature. This causes the petals to bend outwards during high temperatures and inwards during low temperatures. The flower opens up but still maintains the cup shape.

44

OSM OSIS C AP IL L ARYa c t i o n t u r g o r P R E S S U R E transpiratio n

Supervisor: Dale Clifford Cooperation with: Ruchie Kothari, Mugdha Mokashi

Method

The study was then centred around the effects of capillary action in various materials. Attempts were made to understand this mechanism by experimenting with a man-made material having properties similar to the petals of a flower. Paper was, thus, chosen as the basic material for experiments owing to its fibrous nature which facilitates capillary action. The effects of capillary action were further explored by playing around with prototypes of various shapes, geometry and made out of varying thicknesses of paper. The need for a fibrous material restricted the variation in materials to different textures and densities in paper.

Hence, one set of experiment was performed to check the effects of capillary action of water over materials that were non-reactive to water. Composite materials were developed to analyze the effect on the combination of hydroscopic and hydrophobic materials.

00.05

Upon a deeper understanding of the mechanism and its effect on paper, an attempt was made to channelize the water in a desired manner through the prototypes.

The main aim was to try and achieve a control over the motion exhibited in the prototypes due to capillary action. The observations of various experiments conducted, guides the study to the point of trying to control the occuring motion.

00.15

However, no successful attempts were developed in trying to reverse the same mechanism.

Findings

The observations were focused on: • • Range of movement of petals • • Duration for capillary action • • Effect of hot and cold temperature It was seen that the range of movement was the same for most of the prototypes. All the flowers other than the flowers for which the range of movement was restricted opened up to 180o. The time taken for the water to rise depended on the density and the surface area of the paper in contact with the water. Increase in density of the paper in contact with water, increases the time taken for the water to rise up. Increase in the surface area of the paper in contact with water, decreases the time taken for the water to rise up. The water rises up faster when the water is hot as compared to when the water is cold. However the problem with the mechanism was the uni-directional outcome. The flowers managed to open up but there was a lack of mechanism that would bring them to their original state.

00.21

00.58

00.81

01.41

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copper

origami folding

spiral

chiseling

rolls

RANGE OF MOTION

00.00

00.40 00.61

00.82

lamination

polysterine

plastic

straw cardboard

channeling

Mechanisms nitinol

Duplication

In the attempt of incorporation the thought of opening/closing due to the temperature change in a specific mechanism, different structures were tested that could generate motion with the help of a sensor.

Materials used were paper, plastic, mylar, copper and nitinol and so on.

plastic

The central concept was the creation of an interactive facade that would react to the temperature and light changes, an interactive shading system. Hence, it was important to investigate the multiplication of the standard scheme. Basic geometrical shapes were multiplied in the search of the overall look of the facade, by giving more importance to the ratio of open/ shaded window area. The shapes varied from square, triangle, octagon, cross, stripes and many others.

Afterwards, materiality became the topic of research and how different materials would encourage the mechanism of responding to a temperature sensor.

The materials selected were mylar, plastic and nitinol.

Nitinol was chosen due to its ability to contract due to electricity and expand gradually to its original shape.

The methods of assembly of the different materials varied from lamination of nitinol in between pieces of mylar to one point contact of the nitinol to the plastic or mylar, and change of their shape by pulling or pushing when contracting or expanding accordingly.

Prototype One

Finally, the first prototype was based on the one point interaction between the nitinol and the mylar. A composite stripe was made of two pieces of mylar and a piece of nitinol in the middle. The nitinol that would undergo the electric power, passes up through a tube, and then though a double hole on the composite stripe and againa down through the tube. Whenever nitinol would contract it would pull down the stripe and the stripe would “close�.

prototype1

duplication

detail

petal: nitinol laminated with 2 pieces of mylar

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Prototype Two

several top farmes

2 layered base

6.7cm

12cm

niche for vertical stand

12cm

Hence, moving towards prototype two, a mechanism that would bring the prototype to its original state should be added, and the moving part should be redesigned. In response to the first issue, a spring was attached between the pulling point of the mylar and the top frame. Consequently, whenever the nitinol became loose again, the spring would pull it back along with the mylar to its original position.

As far as the design of the moving part is concerned, a cross-form was selected in a way that multiplied it would leave both shaded and unshaded space. The shape has a smaller base and its “leafs” open up towards the perimeter. Folds that intensify the spring are implemented, and the form mimics natural forms of leafs and flowers.

The final prototype concluded in a range of motion of 4 cm.

spring

2cm

6cm

mylar+plastic composite material

10.2cm

circular top frame

section AA

B

nitinol

19.8cm

A

plexiglass stand 3cm

section BB

hole for passing the nitinol through plexiglass section

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11cm

plexiglass vertical fins 2cm

hole for nitinol

The problematic with the first prototype was that again its function was unidirectional at times. This means that mylar’s elasticity would not always bring the mechanism back to its original “open” state. Moreover, the moving part of the prototype should be refined and have a bigger shading area than a strip.

OUT NOW!!!

ON ZAHA HADID’S EVELYN GRACE ACADEMY

MYLAR+ PLASTIC +SPRING >> 4 LEAFS

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2009

Block of Flats in Piraeus Diploma Thesis|NTUA Supervisor: G. Chaidopoulos

For my final undergraduate project, I decided to study further the methods and principles of sustainable and bioclimatic design, as well as investigate the scope of materials available and their ecologic behavior. Moreover, i wanted to propose a project that would be realistic and take into consideration the terms of construction as well as the materials available in the greek market.

So the basic goal of this project was the creation of an ecological block of flats and its integration in the urban tissue. It is a fact that constant building activity has led contemporary cities to a non-viable condition.

It is very important for architecture to discover means and ways for the construction being able to upgrade the urban landscape and its microclimate.

The biggest challenge of this project was the integration of a sustainable building into the dense urban context of Piraeus. The typical block of flats1 had to be revised in order to affect the least possible the environment, and most of all to amend the everyday life of people still living and working in the urban landscape. I chose to deal with residence deliberately, because it is the most common use in the urban context. I wished to do a case-study rather than an individual project which could not be easily applied to the rest of Athens.

The project was initiated in three levels : A. Viability, B. Ecology, and C. Construction. Each and everyone of these components included a series of subcomponents.

For example, on the level of ecology, it is critical to take into consideration the energy consumption of the building, the bioclimatic design, the ecology of materials, their embodied energies, the ability to reuse parts of the building or recycle the construction materials and so many other parameters.

As far as viability of residence is concerned, the quality of the produced space is the most important factor. But because it is a block of flats in the dense urban tissue, it is vital to abridge the unavailing square meters. ~Finally, the construction field includes some individual characteristics, such as economy, ease of constructing and dismantling the building.

With this project i aimed to to balance somewhere between all these parameters.

1

50

the so called polykatikia in greece

The plot is located in Piraeus, in Piraiki neighborhood.

The block is surrounded by Themistokleous st, Spyropoulou st, Nirvana st. and Boni st. It has two free sides facing the streets Spyropoulos and Boni and are oriented south and north respectively. The plot is 445 square meters and has a building factor 3. Around the site there is primarily housing with some commercial use on ground floor.

For my final undergraduate project, I decided to study further the methods and principles of sustainable and bioclimatic design, as well as investigate the scope of materials available and their ecologic behavior.

Moreover, i wanted to propose a project that would be realistic and take into consideration the terms of construction as well as the materials available in the greek market.

So the basic goal of this project was the creation of an ecological block of flats and its integration in the urban tissue. It is a fact that constant building activity has led contemporary cities to a non-viable condition.

It is very important for architecture to discover means and ways for the construction being able to upgrade the urban landscape and its microclimate.

The biggest challenge of this project was the integration of a sustainable building into the dense urban context of Piraeus. The typical block of flats2 had to be revised in order to affect the least possible the environment, and most of all to amend the everyday life of people still living and working in the urban landscape. I chose to deal with residence deliberately, because it is the most common use in the urban context.

I wished to do a case-study rather than an individual project which could not be easily applied to the rest of Athens.

ECOLOGY

CONSTRUCTION

VIABILITY

The project was initiated in three levels : A. Viability, B. Ecology, and C. Construction. Each and everyone of these components included a series of subcomponents.

For example, on the level of ecology, it is critical to take into consideration the energy consumption of the building, the bioclimatic design, the ecology of materials, their embodied energies, the ability to reuse parts of the building or recycle the construction materials and so many other parameters.

As far as viability of residence is concerned, the quality of the produced space is the most important factor. But because it is a block of flats in the dense urban tissue, it is vital to abridge the unavailing square meters. ~Finally, the construction field includes some individual characteristics, such as economy, ease of constructing and dismantling the building.

03

445m2

02

01

With this project i aimed to to balance somewhere between all these parameters.

The plot is located in Piraeus, in Piraiki neighborhood.

The block is surrounded by Themistokleous st, Spyropoulou st, Nirvana st. and Boni st. It has two free sides facing the streets Spyropoulos and Boni and are oriented south and north respectively. The plot is 445 square meters and has a building factor 3. Around the site there is primarily housing with some commercial use on ground floor.

01. school with open yard in front of the coast

plot urban vacant built space water

02. outdoor activities by the rocky coast 03. mostly commercial use in the ground floor in front of the coast

street

Vertical movement

Housing

Shared roof with garden Commerce Green atrium

Diagrams of the final form of the building

51

Analysis

6th floor 87.10%

5th floor 87.10%

4th floor 85.19%

3rd floor 80.16%

2nd floor 77.83%

1st floor 73.29%

0 floor 60.35%

percentages of sunlight during summer solstice

My analysis of the landmark began with the study of light and shadow, as well as with the shape they create on the plot during the day. I examined the shadows cast by the surrounding buildings throughout the day during the 21st of June (summer solstice) and the 21st of December (winter solstice).

But that was not enough, as a study of the volume of the shadow over the plot was necessary, for i intended to propose a multi-storey building. Thus fragmenting the spatial 3dimensional vacant above the site into a grid on x-y-z axis, i analyzed the amount of shadow that existed in each one of the parts of that grid. The theoretical grid was divided by 5m x 5m x 3m height.

The choice of 5m x 5m is because it can easily be transformed and divided into a physical space, and as far as the 3 meters are concerned, it is the common height of a typical floor. So I tracked down all the percentages of light in every part of the grid , from the ground level to a hypothetical 7th floor, creating diagrams.

After that a game began by mingling full and vacant, and rethinking the optimum light spots because by placing something on the site, the diagrams keep on changing. That was just a tool that would help me later on, even unconsciously, decide the final form of the building. This procedure was really helpful to understand the light, a lot more than a simple section with the placement of the angle of the incident sunlight on the site. Moreover it was a great tool while deciding how much and what form of space each one of the dwellings would occupy. That was basically defined by the light reaching each house’s location.

During the procedure i realized that for all the flats to be well illuminated I had to insert an atrium in the center of the plot. So i ended up placing flats on

52

12.00

11.30

11.00

10.30

10.00

09.30

09.00

08.30

08.00

07.30

07.00

06.30

06.00

Shadow volumes during summer and winter solstice

Finally, a very important decision was how the residents access the building with a gradual transition from street to the porch and the patio and then on from there through a semi-outdoor movement that leads home.

Optimum positions of sunlight on the site winter summer in common

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18.30

18.00

17.30

17.00

16.30

16.00

15.30

15.00

14.30

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13.30

ANALYSIS OF LIGHT AND SHADOW

13.00

12.30

both north and south parts of the plot, which were interrupted by a 10 m wide atrium in the middle.

In that way the north part of the block is getting satisfactory illumination from the second floor up. The vertical movement is placed in the center next to the atrium, in order to have easy access in every apartment.

The vertical movement and the horizontal accesses to the flats are roofed outdoor spaces, so that the light to passes, and that you can view the patio as you move in the building. On the ground floor we have commercial uses due to the direct relationship with the street and the fact that they don’t have sufficient light to place a house.

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Housing typologies A 65m2

B 67m2

C,F

85m2

D 85m2

From the first placement of building volumes on the site, I had in mind the internal layout of the apartments. While taking the first decisions for the building, I created residential prototypes that could work in it. Throughout the process I always had some basic principles that I find important as far as residence is concerned. My initial concern was the proper separation of public from private spaces of a house, aiming to the independence in activities of its users. While forming the public spaces of a dwelling (living room, kitchen, dining room) I preferred to unify all of them to an open plan room by reducing all the unnecessary spaces.

Finally I tried to find a functional grid, which would define and organize the dwellings in the best possible way. This grid was divided by 30 cm or 60cm or 90 cm.

In this way I managed to organize from the external and internal walls, to the furniture, storage and the movement throught the house. For example, 30 cm wide can be a bookcase, 60 cm the kitchen’s worktop, and 90 cm wide is enough for an interior corridor.

The final apartments were directed to different kinds of people, from families with children, to students, and couples. That’s why there are 7 different typologies.

E

37m2

G,I,K

H,J

100m2

85m2

In the diagrams on the side, we can see where each apartment is in the building, how many squared meters is it, how the public space is clearly divided from the private one, the open air spaces, and finally how you enter and move throughout the dwelling.

With the collages above I tried to give the feeling of each house’s character. There are three examples for three different types of housing. The one is for a young couple and it is two-storey, the second one is for a family with one child, and the last one is a small but comfortable studio for a student.

Each residence in the building has a different character, and tried to cover different needs, by avoiding the block of flats with the typical floor. I also tried to propose a new way of living, where the kitchen, living room and dining room are the heart of the house while the bedrooms have their own independence.

floor plan of apartment unit B 54

floor plans of apartment unit A

section along apartment unit A

iNside floor plan of apartment unit E section along apartment unit E

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Materiality + Construction

When i was called to select the materials, the decision was really difficult. I ended up to a metal construction, even though it is not very common in Greece, because i wanted ease when constructing and dismantling the building. The main structure of the building is prefabricated, and can easily be built on site. Moreover, as it is a typical structural model, the thought was that parts of the building can be reused, and if not metal can be recycled. Either way, the biggest part of the metal used in Greek construction comes from recycled material.

From inside to Outside

The decisions made on the outer shell of the building were based on the internal layout of each dwelling. An example is the diagram below. The yellow circles show the points from where you want to see outside and be viewed without problem. The orange circles define the places in the building that due to their use they have more need of light. All of the above defined the openings of the building, the open air spaces, the sunshades etc. The form of the external skin of th building was the print of the interior layout.

Regarding the filling of the metal structure, double cement board was selected for the outer skin and double plasterboard for the inner skin of the building.

Between the cement board layer and the metal structure a 10 cm of Heraklith insulation intervened, so as to avoid any thermal losses. This last choice, to take out of the structure the insulation, made the building look like a box even though it was no so. But it is also the element that gives a playful sense to the building, as you can see clearly its closed parts and the parts where the structure is revealed are the verandas, the balconies, patios etc. It’s a game of hide and seek of the metal structure of the building.

1st floor

2nd floor

3rd floor

4th & 5th floor

The top roof of the building is planted, and in that way it is better insulated. Moreover the plants on the roofs and in the atrium create a better microclimate around the building. Finally, on the top roof there are also placed solar panels, which provide all the apartments with hot water.

10 cm insulation plaster board’s support frame

plaster board

double U profile 120x45 cm that holds the insulation cement board

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OUTside

2008

Gynaecological Clinic

Aris Zambikos GR405 Architects|Project Manager Team: Aris Zambikos

2.

WAITING ROOM

RECEPTION

1.

3.

ENTRANCE

EXAMINATION ROOMS

The doctor’s office communicates with each and every examination room, without being seen from the waiting room. The cylindrical examination rooms are made from wooden prefabricated panels and are placed on an elevated floor. Each examination room has its essential machinery incorporated on the walls and has a personal wc and changing room.

WC

DOCTOR’S OFFICE

CLINIC’S LAYOUT

ENTRANCE

This project was for a gynaecologist who wanted to make a mini clinic, with three examination rooms, a waiting room, a reception for two positions, his personal office, utility rooms and a private space for him in order to spend long hours in the clinic when it is needed. This clinic was to be put in an old, but quite big appartment, downtown Athens.

The appartment was about 170 square meters big, but its strange form and the heavy bulding construction made the concept difficult to evolve in it. So in order to create the examination rooms demanded, we came up with a cylindrical module which was practical for the procedure in it, and outside combined with the rest could fit in the appartment’s structure.

WC

WC

EXAMIN A ROOM TION 2

EXAMINATION ROOM 1

KITCHEN

EXAMINATION ROOM 3

PATIENT INFO

UTILITY

WC

DOCTOR’S OFFICE

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PATIENT’S INFO

RECEPTION

WAITING ROOM

gynaecologic chair

The waiting room provides twenty seats for the patients and their siblings, and together with the reception enjoys a great view and plenty of light.

computer+display

Every module consists of 13 curved wooden panels.

It has 3.50 meters diameter. One of them carries the washbasin and another the computer with an extra display so as tthe patient can see all the information needed. From the ceiling above the gynaeocologic chair the colposcope is installed. There is always a small space before the wc where you can change your clothes.

wc

changing room

washbasin

INTERIOR VIEWS

doctor’s office

VIEWS FROM UP ABOVE

waiting room 59

2008

Hairdresser Salon in Athens Olive 3 Architects|Project Architect Supervisor: Miltos Farmakis, Irene Roussaki

IR

DY E

S

BATHTUBS

MEN’S HAIRCUTS

WARDROBE

HA

WOMEN’S HAIRCUTS RECEPTION

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step 1

evaluation of the existing

step 2 designing

step 3

While working on this project, the major problem was to manage to fit all the spaces demanded and the construction. The interior space had a pretty complex plan and consisted of three different levels of limited space, the basement, the ground floor and the 1st floor.

The building was old, and was inside an interior patio.

The facade of the store was curved, and the basement had serious problems of plumbing.

and on the first floor the hair dyes.

construction

The materials used were plaster board, wood, corian and metal. The black elements in the white spaces kept the design simple without exaggerating.

My primary contribution to the project was an active role during the design phase, as well as the construction phase.

The hairdresser’s developed at the three levels equally.

On the basebent, we have the masage, the beauty salon, the foot care, on the ground floor we have the haircuts

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62

photography

63

THE POSTER, THE INVITATION AND THE INDEX OF THE EXHIBITION

The last five years photography has been a great part of my everyday life. Imprinting moments, places and faces became a new way of observing and recording. Photography keeps inspiring my way of designing, and on the other way round I believe that in my photographs inevitably one can see a more architectural point of view.

Shooting the new places I visit, make me observe more and in depth as detail has always been an obsession of mine.

I also enjoy street photography, and most of the times I keep carrying a camera with me. Once again as a mean of observation, through the camera, you can look deep into spontaneous moments of the city. On the streets you can feel the heartbeat of the city and interpret the actions of its inhabitants.

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“DESTRUCTIVISM” - 2010

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PEDAL

ΣΧ ΤΟ ΕΔΙΑ

ΖΕΙ

Μ

ΜΕ ΕΝΕΛΛΟΝ ΤΗΣ

ΠΟΔΗΑ Λ

ΕΛΕΝΗ

ΑΤΟ

ΑΒΡΑΜ

ΚΕΙΜΕ ΛευθέρΝΟ: ης Πλα κίδας ΦΩΤΟ: Ελένη Κατ ρίνη

ΙΔΟΥ

Είναι Έξυπν όμορφη κα γεί χρ η και πολυ ι εναλλακτικ τη φίλ ηστικά αντικμήχανη. Δη ή. Ελευθεη της και συ είμενα μα μιουρρία Δα νεργάτιδ ζί με στις εκθ νη α της δουλεύ έσεις τηςιλίδου, συμμ ρόης ει στο μα CHEAP AR ετέχει με ότι Σπυρίδωνοςγαζί της ΚαλλT, και ασ Γεννήθημπορεί να την χο ισαλονίκ κε και με εμπνεύλείται η, αλλά γάλωσε σει. στην Αθ στη καθη ήνα. Το ζει και εργά Θεσκαι είνμερινό της ποδήλατο είνζεται επιλογήαι πολύ χαμέσο μετακίνηαι το ς της. ρούμενη ση με την ς

πω πλέ ον από για τα εμπειρί οπο α Ελευθε ία αποθαρ πως όλα αυτ ρύν ρία είνα ά Από Νομίζω ι έτσι αμε τότε την τις μεγ αλύτερε ναι σαι από πως ως ποδ και χειρότερ α. Παρ το Εξάρχεια-Μ ς βόλτες που ηλά οχημάτ τους οδηγούς της θεωρείικρο ασκευή ων των υπο . Κάποιες λίμανο και έχω κάνει είπάρ που πηγ ένας ενοχλη τικός, γραλοίπων συν κο «Τρίτση» στο φορές Εξάρχεια - Αγ. ιδιαίτερ αίνει γυρεύοντας πηγαίνο ηθισ φικός υς η διαφορά . Δε Αθήνας μένα δρομολ Αγ. Αναργύρου υμε στο την ημέ βρίσκω στο όγια ρα σπίτι) στηκαι περισσότερ είναι στο ς όμως τα το ποδήλα ή τα βράδια, να κυκλοφορώ κέν ν ούτ Πλά το ως ή άλλ Art & Des «δεν υπά κα, όπο ο το Εξάρχε τρο της και μαζ ως ί ρχε μοσμέν ign. Έ να δημ υ εργάζομαι ια (από το μων (δενμε την έλλειψη ι στο δρόμο» ων ην πρώ ιουργικό στο Helleni τεχνών Εδώ τη τοδρόμ αναφέρομα σωστών δρό μου την φορά που ι καν σε ους) είνα - σμό ασχολούμα της Καλλιρρόηςγραφείο εφα c άκουσα στε «σκ ποδ ρΕλε ι χώρ οτώ ο Σπυ με ηλα υθε συνδυα νει». στην Αθή θα πάρει ποδ ρία να δηλ τη φίλη σμός που- χώρος είναου και αντικειμ τη μελέτη και ρίδωνος. κάρισμα Μια έξτρα δυσ ι ένα μικρ ένου ενώ το σχεδιαντο» και να της είπα «είσήλατο για να ώνει πως Ελλ του κολ ήνω ποδ κυκ ία παρ κλειδώ ν Βιομηχ ό showro οι υπόλοιπτην ίδια άποψη αι μουρλή, πας λοφορεί νοντάς ηλάτου όταν είναι και το που οι om με άλληλα ο ανικών παρ ολό γυρ το σπο αντι για φού ρείς μες οι της παρ συμμερίστη - μία κληρο ποδήλα κάπου έξω, μουνάω σπίτι. Διό - χώρου και υδές μου ήτα Σχεδιαστών κείμενα έας καν . τι με το μία ρόδα ν έχο με του την κίνηση, με . Και πού θα και όλοι τη ζωγραφαντικειμένου πάνω στο σχεΠαρόλο ς κατοικία και τη σέλα. χρονιά και άλλ υν κλέψει παρ διασ πάει λέγ άθλιους δρό τους έξαλλο κυκλοφοική και Και άλληλα με την μό υς μου τα τα ρολ ς που δεν υπά στο υπόγειο η φορά τη Ελε ασχ σε συν οντας. Η Ελε ς, είναι επικ οδηγούς, όγια ραματιζ υθερία Δαν τελευταία τρία ολούμαι δυα υθε το κλειδώ και το λεβ ρχει διαμέρισ της πολυιηλί όμαστε χρόνια απεργιώ σμό με την ρία όμως ίνδυνο και μα ητο ρούμε μαζί πάνω σε δου ως The επέ υπόλοιπ νω τα βράδια στάσιο, δεν και είναι εικα 3forart κάθε τι μας άφη ν και καταλήψ εκτεταμένη τότε μενε και Τώρα κατά στικό. που εμε πειεων κάποιος ους ενοίκους γιατί φυσικά μπορώ να ίς θεω ριες δρα νε άφθονο ελε στα πανεπισ περίοδο ενοχλε «γιατί περ ρά μου πόσο έχω ί του το ανεβάσενδέχεται να χαρίσο στηριότητες το ύθερο χρόνο τήμια που χτυπήσε νώντας από ς λάτου κάποιον να εμπνεύσει κι ω στο υμε εγώ μπε νται οι δεν ι» λένε… εκεί σπίτι όλοι εμε ένα ποδήλα αποτέλεσμα για καινούτοίχ Ελευθε το ξέρω, σίγο ι στον κόσμο με τη σειήταν να καινούρ οι από ροδ από τις σκάλες και για να το και ρία να του υρα Είναι τα ίς από ένα! ιές» ποδ της όμω ιο πάρ ζήσ να πάρ «λε και «δε … ηγια να ουμε και ν πλη και το ασα ρώνο- Εκε αμε στο Μιλάνοουμε ποδήλα ς επέβαλα στη ποιώ το τελευταία πέν το τα τη χρο ν ί βέβ για ποδήλα χαλάσω εγώ ρώσαμε 33. νσέρ είναι νιά που με εξυ ποδήλατο και τε χρόνια που το μία πόλ αια τα πράγμα μεταπτυχιακ πηρ που εφα κάθε τρεις καιστριμώχνοντας000 ευρώ ές η τα χαρούμ ετεί και νιώ ενώ μου αρέ χρησιμολοδιατη άνετη, σχετικά ήταν πολύ διαφσπουδές. ενη έπε θω στη γειτ ρμόζω τελευτα λίγο»… ουφ μέσα ένα ρημένο επίπεδη ορετικά ιτα από αναζωογον σει πολύ, φφ. Η λύσ ονική πολ γού υς ία είνα , ακούει ημέ κάθε βόλ ι να υκα η του ς που σέβοντα και καλαίσθητο με δρόμους κα- , 22 > M τα, μπο νη και προ αυτός αντί τοικία ενός το κλειδώνω ι τον υς και στον BIKE για εμέ φίλου και ρώ να σωρινή με οδη MAG Ελευθε δρόμο. Επισ ποδηλάτη και να…

AZIN , αφο να νουμε E για πολ ύ αν συνεχίσ αλλά κι αυτή τα πια και ρία είναι αυτ τρέφοντας στητο δικαίωμά ύ φίλοι. ή που είναι όχι λόγ ει έτσι ν Αθήνα δεν ω λόγω δε θα των αδέ των προφαν το χρησιμο η μείποιεί ών κινδ καθένα σποτων ς ύνω και γυρ με την τρέλα σκυλιών (χαχ ν, αλλά ίζει! του! Τι να πεις αχα…). Ο ; Ρόδα είναι

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MBIKE PEDAL ARTICLE

MBIK

E MA G

AZIN

E

< 23

In 2011, I was given the opportunity to move my hobby to a more professional level. I had my first personal exhibition at the ALBA gallery bar-restaurant, at Ag. Paraskeui, Athens. The exhibition’s title was “Stealing the Still” and the photographs were mostly about vacant space and non recognizable figures. It was a selection of ten photographs of the last 5 years taken in Athens, Barcelona and Elefsina. Moreover, I have published a photo in MBike, a greek magazine about cyclists.

66

“FISHERMAN” 2009, From the series “The Street Market”

“WAITING FOR THE FIREWORKS” - 2012

“SEASONAL FACES” - 2013

“TEXTURES” - 2009

“CHAINS” - 2009

“EXETER” - 2013

“FORUM” - 2007

“SUBWAY STORIES” - 2006