20 16
ELDERS TECHNICAL SITE RESULTS
Special thanks to Kieron Coaldrake for assembling the reports. Thanks to Kalyx and Living Farm, and the Elders agronomists, who facilitated the trials.
2 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
CONTENTS NARROGIN Lupin Agronomy.......................................................4 Disease Management in Barley.............................. 14 Herbicide Knockdown Demonstration....................22 HAMILTON Broadleaf weed control in wheat............................28 Multi-crop herbicide Matrix trial.............................32 Time of sowing in wheat trial.................................40 WARRACKNABEAL, VIC Pre-emergent & Early Post Emergent grass control in Wheat...........................................44
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 3
NARROGIN, WA
LUPIN AGRONOMY
INTRODUCTION A trial was conducted near Narrogin, Western Australia, to evaluate a range of commercially available herbicides and application timings for the control of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Mandellup). Combinations of herbicide applications included incorporation by sowing (IBS) applied immediately before sowing, and post emergent (PE) applications at the 4-6 leaf growth stage of lupin. Annual ryegrass populations were variable across the trial site. Capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) and volunteer oats (Avena sativa) were also present within the trial and were assessed throughout the trial period. In this trial, IBS treatments that contained Simazine provided higher control of capeweed 9 WAS (3 WAA-B), with the addition of FMZ 1311 reducing plant numbers. Post emergent applications containing Select or Factor showed the highest overall control of annual ryegrass and wild oats. The post emergent treatments also affected the highest yields in the trial.
AIMS To demonstrate grass control options in lupins, both pre and post emergent.
RESULTS Weed species present within the trial were Annual Ryegrass, Capeweed and Volunteer Oats.
4 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
WEED CONTROL Table 1: Percent weed control (%) 9 WAS (3 WAA-B) Appl. Unit
Annual Ryegrass*
Capeweed*
Volunteer Oats*
--
--
0e
0c
0d
A
1.1
kg/ha
30d
73 ab
8 cd
Simazine
A
0.55
kg/ha
39 cd
73 ab
49 a-d
Atrazine
A
0.55
kg/ha
Simazine
A
1.1
kg/ha
45 cd
84 ab
35 a-d
Diuron
A
0.4
kg/ha
Simazine
A
0.9
kg/ha
40 cd
97 a
60 a-d
Metribuzin
A
0.4
kg/ha
6
Propyzamide
A
1
kg/ha
45 cd
43 abc
34 a-d
7
Trifluralin
A
2.5
L/ha
36 cd
31 abc
48 a-d
8
Trifluralin
A
2.5
L/ha
78 a-d
88 ab
67 abc
Simazine
A
1.1
kg/ha
Diuron
A
0.4
kg/ha
9
Sakura
A
118
g/ha
76 a-d
43 abc
13 bcd
10
Boxer Gold
A
2.5
L/ha
64 bcd
32 abc
22 bcd
11
FMZ 1311
A
3.5
kg/ha
84 abc
22 bc
91 ab
12
FMZ 1311
A
2.5
kg/ha
93 ab
87 ab
51 a-d
Simazine
A
1.1
kg/ha
13
F93133
A
3
kg/ha
65 a-d
77 ab
67 abc
14
Arcade
B
3
L/ha
59 bcd
77 ab
49 a-d
15
Select
B
500
mL/ha
99 a
18 bc
99 a
Uptake
B
1
%v/v
Select
B
500
mL/ha
98 a
18 bc
98 a
Leopard 200
B
150
mL/ha
Uptake
B
1
%v/v
Select
B
1
L/ha
99 a
5c
99 a
Uptake
B
1
%v/v
Factor
B
180
g/ha
99 a
29 bc
99 a
Supercharge
B
1
%v/v
Factor
B
180
g/ha
99 a
19 bc
99 a
Select
B
500
mL/ha
Supercharge
B
1
%v/v
Trt. No.
Treatment Name
1
Untreated
2
Simazine
3 4 5
16
17 18 19
Appl. Timing
Application Rate
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 5
NARROGIN, WA
Annual Ryegrass control
Annual Ryegrass control (&) compared to UTC at 9 WAS (3 WAA-B) 120
% weed control
100 80 60 IBS 40 Post em 20 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Treatment no. Figure 1: Annual Ryegrass control (%) compared to untreated check (UTC) at 9 WAS (3 WAA-B)
Capeweed control
Capeweed control (%) compared to UTC at 9 WAS (3 WAA-B) 120
% weed control
100 80 60 IBS 40 Post em 20 0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Treatment no. Figure 2: Capeweed control (%) compared to untreated check (UTC) at 9 WAS (3 WAA-B)
Volunteer Oats Control
Volunteer Oats control (%) compared to UTC at 9 WAS (3 WAA-B) 120
% weed control
100 80 60 IBS 40 Post em 20 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Treatment no. Figure 3: Volunteer Oats control (%) compared to untreated check (UTC) at 9 WAS (3 WAA-B)
6 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
WHOLE PLOT WEED CONTROL Table 2: Whole plot weed control (%) at 12 WAS (6 WAA-B) Trt. No.
Treatment Name
1 2 3
Untreated Simazine Simazine Atrazine Simazine Diuron Simazine Metribuzin Propyzamide Trifluralin Trifluralin Simazine Diuron Sakura Boxer Gold FMZ 1311 FMZ 1311 Simazine F93133 Arcade Select Uptake Select Leopard 200 Uptake Select Uptake Factor Supercharge Factor Select Supercharge
4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19
Appl. Timing
Application Rate -1.1 0.55 0.55 1.1 0.4 0.9 0.4 1 2.5 2.5 1.1 0.4 118 2.5 3.5 2.5 1.1 3 3 500 1 500 150 1 1 1 180 1 180 500 1
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Appl. Unit
Whole plot weed control
-kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha L/ha L/ha kg/ha kg/ha g/ha L/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha L/ha mL/ha %v/v mL/ha mL/ha %v/v L/ha %v/v g/ha %v/v g/ha mL/ha %v/v
0c 33abc 37 abc 32 abc 62 abc 37 abc 60 abc 62 abc
53 abc 7 bc 52 abc 57 abc 43 abc 43 abc 52 abc 80 a
60 abc 62 abc 72 ab
Whole plot weed control (%) compared to UTC at 12 WAS (6 WAA-B) 90 80
% weed control
70 60 50 40
IBS
30
Post em
20 10 0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Treatment no. Figure 4: Whole plot weed control (%) compared to untreated check (UTC) at 12 WAS (6 WAA-B)
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 7
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CROP YIELD Table 3: Crop yield (t/ha) at harvest for lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Mandellup) and treatment cost ($/ha) Appl. Timing
Appl. Unit
t/ha
--
--
1.11
de
$0
A
1.1
kg/ha
1.35
b-e
$11.92
Simazine
A
0.55
kg/ha
1.28
cde
$10.85
Atrazine
A
0.55
kg/ha
Simazine
A
1.1
kg/ha
1.32
cde
$17.35
Diuron
A
0.4
kg/ha
Simazine
A
0.9
kg/ha
1.57
a-d
$22.33
Metribuzin
A
0.4
kg/ha
6
Propyzamide
A
1
kg/ha
1.28
cde
$30.41
7
Trifluralin
A
2.5
L/ha
1.25
cde
$24.73
8
Trifluralin
A
2.5
L/ha
1.52
a-d
$42.08
Simazine
A
1.1
kg/ha
Diuron
A
0.4
kg/ha
9
Sakura
A
118
g/ha
1.36
b-e
$55.15
10
Boxer Gold
A
2.5
L/ha
1.16
de
$31.16
11
FMZ 1311
A
3.5
kg/ha
1.39
b-e
$55.15*
12
FMZ 1311
A
2.5
kg/ha
1.40
b-e
$55.15*
Simazine
A
1.1
kg/ha
13
F93133
A
3
kg/ha
1.38
b-e
$55.15*
14
Arcade
B
3
L/ha
1.01
e
$38.16
15
Select
B
500
mL/ha
1.34
b-e
$18.33
Uptake
B
1
%v/v
Select
B
500
mL/ha
1.68
abc
$21.70
Leopard 200
B
150
mL/ha
Uptake
B
1
%v/v
Select
B
1
L/ha
1.80
ab
$28.71
Uptake
B
1
%v/v
Factor
B
180
g/ha
1.63
abc
$42.56
Supercharge
B
1
%v/v
Factor
B
180
g/ha
1.90
a
$52.94
Select
B
500
mL/ha
Supercharge
B
1
%v/v
Trt. No.
Treatment Name
1
Untreated
2
Simazine
3 4 5
16
17 18 19
Application Rate
Treatment cost
Note: *= Experimental/ new products have been arbitrarily priced to be equal to the most expensive treatment in the trial. Treatment costs are an indication only. Means followed by the same letter code do not differ significantly.
8 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
Lupin yield (t/ha) and return on investment (ROI $/ha) 2 1.8
$127
$97
1.6 $50
1.4
$33
$37
$18 $20 $15
$10
$14 $12
1.2 $0
Axis Title
$152
$151 $93
$41
-$18
$65
-$64
1 0.8
IBS
0.6
Post em
0.4 0.2 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Axis Title Figure 5: Crop yield (t/ha) at harvest for lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Mandellup) and return on investment (ROI $/ha) compared to untreated Note: ROI calculated assuming Lupin price: $260/t, 2016/17 Grainlink WA website. Treatments with negative return on investment (ROI $/ha) are indicated with red text.
CONCLUSION/SUMMARY In this trial: • IBS applications containing Simazine provided the highest control of capeweed 9 WAS (3 WAA-B). • Post emergent applications containing Select or Factor showed the highest overall control of annual ryegrass and wild oats and were the highest yielding. • Crop yield was significantly higher in response to PE treatments (1.63 – 1.90t/ha) compared to UTC (1.11 t/ha), correlating with in season grass weed control data. All IBS treatments provided yields statistically equivalent to the untreated control. • Generally, pre-emergent treatments were ineffective in this trial as a result of the dry start. To achieve better weed control, most pre-emergent products require a rain event ›10mm that penetrates the soil a few centimetres within 0-3 weeks of application. • Post-emergent treatments picked up the later germinating weed species that the pre-emergent missed. • Arcade is registered as a pre-emergent herbicide, applied IBS. In this trial, it was applied as a post-emergent treatment and results show poor overall weed control (43%). • In this trial, results clearly indicate that post-emergent treatments e.g. Select + Factor + Supercharge ($52.94/ha) increased yield, delivering a higher return on investment ($152) per hectare.
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 9
NARROGIN, WA
PROTOCOL INFORMATION EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Study Design
Complete Randomised Block
Replications
3
Plot Length
12m
Plot Width Sprayed
2m
SITE DETAILS Co-operator
Narrogin Agricultural College
Location
Narrogin
Soil Description
Sandy grey loam
Trial History 2015
Pasture
CROP & SOWING DETAILS Seeding Date
05/05/2016
Crop Type
Mandellup
Seeding Rate
100 kg/ha
Nutrition
Pre
100kg/ha Gusto Gold
Post
N/A
Tillage Type
Knife points and press wheels
Row Spacing
25.4cm
Moisture
Moist to surface
Clod size
Small
Stubble loading Herbicides Applied
Insecticides Applied
10 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
Nil Pre-emergent
1.5L/ha Roundup Ultramax As per treatment list
Post-emergent
As per treatment list
Pre-emergent
1L/ha chlorpyriphos 300ml/ha bifenthrin
Post-emergent
150ml/ha Transform
T R E ATM E N T L I S T Active Ingredient Application Rate Rate (gai/ha)
Trt. No.
Treatment Name
Appl. Unit
Appl. Timing
Appl. Code
1 2 3
Untreated Simazine Simazine
-990 495
-1.1 0.55
-kg/ha kg/ha
-IBS IBS
-A A
4
Atrazine Simazine
495 990
0.55 1.1
kg/ha kg/ha
IBS IBS
A A
5
Diuron Simazine
360 810
0.4 0.9
kg/ha kg/ha
IBS IBS
A A
6 7 8
Metribuzin Propyzamide Trifluralin Trifluralin
360 500 1.2k 1.2k
0.4 1 2.5 2.5
kg/ha kg/ha L/ha L/ha
IBS IBS IBS IBS
A A A A
Simazine
990
1.1
kg/ha
IBS
A
360 100.3 2k + 300 -
0.4 118 2.5 3.5 2.5
kg/ha g/ha L/ha kg/ha kg/ha
IBS IBS IBS IBS IBS
A A A A A
9 10 11 12
Diuron Sakura Boxer Gold FMZ 1311 FMZ 1311
13 14 15
Simazine F93133 Arcade Select
990 120
1.1 3 3 500
kg/ha kg/ha L/ha mL/ha
IBS IBS PE PE
A A B B
16
Uptake Select
120
1 500
%v/v mL/ha
PE PE
B B
30
150
mL/ha
PE
B
Leopard 200 17
Uptake Select
240
1 1
%v/v L/ha
PE PE
B B
18
Uptake Factor
45
1 180
%v/v g/ha
PE PE
B B
19
Supercharge Factor
45
1 180
%v/v g/ha
PE PE
B B
120
500
mL/ha
PE
B
-
1
%v/v
PE
B
Select Supercharge
A S S E S S M E N T D ATA S C O R I N G S Y S T E M S Notations Used: UTC = Untreated Check WAA = Weeks after application IBS = Incorporated by sowing PE = Post emergent Weed Counts The number of weeds emerged within each plot were counted using a 33 x 33cm quadran0t. This was conducted at four locations within the plot and weed numbers converted to plants/m2. Percent Control A visual subjective score was given to each plot based on the percentage of weed control as compared to untreated control plots, where 0 = no observed control and 100 = full weed control.
Yield Plots were harvested with a Haldrup trial header and the weights in kg/plot recorded, then converted to t/ha using measured plot dimensions. Return on Investment Treatment yield (t/ha) was multiplied by the 2016/2017 Lupin price in WA of $260.00/t (quoted from the Grainlink website) to give a gross income ($/ha). The treatment cost was then subtracted from this gross income figure to give an indication of dollar return ($/ha) for each treatment. Finally, the dollar return from the untreated control was subtracted from each treatment’s dollar return in order to compare the difference between treating and not treating the plot.
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 11
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W E AT H E R D ATA Weather Day
010614 Rainfall
Narrogin Day
Temperature (min)
Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct
Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
2.0
2.0
1
14.6
5.1
1.9
1.6
-1.0
3.4
Oct
2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.8
2
11.6
6.4
5.3
0.6
-0.4
2.2
3.6
Day
Temperature (max) Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct
1
25.6 15.0 17.8 15.5 12.8 14.5 13.5
2
27.3 19.1 17.7 19.0 14.3 16.0 15.6
3
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
1.6
0.0
3
12.7 11.0
6.3
1.9
1.8
4.4
7.0
3
31.1 18.5 20.5 12.0 14.0 15.7 17.7
4
0.0
0.0
1.4
1.4
4.8
0.0
0.0
4
14.7
10.9
2.6
7.7
4.8
9.7
4
24.6 21.0 14.7 10.9 12.3 21.4 20.8
8.2
5
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.4
0.0
0.0
5
10.7
7.6
1.6
2.3
9.4
3.9
8.1
5
17.9 17.9 15.0 12.3 14.1 20.7 23.8
6
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
6
8.5
10.4
2.4
0.8
7.2
8.6
6.9
6
19.6 18.5 14.3 13.8 15.5 19.8 20.9
7
0.0
8.2
8.6
0.0
5.4
2.6
0.8
7
8.5
9.5
8.3
4.8
7.0
9.4
11.8
7
22.0 16.3 12.5 11.5 13.9 15.0 24.5
8
0.0
0.6
1.4
3.8
3.8
5.4
3.8
8
10.0
6.7
4.4
6.9
6.1
6.5
13.0
8
24.8 13.5 11.0 14.1 10.2 15.7 17.4
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
3.8
0.0
2.4
9
11.5
4.7
6.3
4.6
1.8
2.4
6.2
9
21.8 19.0 14.0 12.9 13.3 15.5 16.3
10
1.1
0.0
1.6
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
10
14.2
4.2
9.0
5.9
2.1
6.2
6.3
10
22.0 20.5 15.5 14.1 14.3 16.5 18.2
11
9.4
0.0
0.2
0.8
0.4
2.6
0.0
11
15.5
3.6
8.4
5.9
7.9
7.4
4.4
11
20.0 22.7 16.5 14.0 15.7 13.7 23.3
12
20.4 0.0
0.0
0.0
4.2
0.0
0.0
12
16.0
3.8
9.4
0.9
1.4
4.6
6.0
12
20.3 24.5 18.0 10.8 15.2 14.0 29.0
13
6.2
0.0
8.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13
16.5
6.8
9.7
-2.2
2.7
2.2
11.6
13
25.0 21.5 16.4 12.5 15.5 14.0 29.6
14
0.0
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14
12.5 11.9
9.9
1.7
0.9
1.2
11.3
14
22.7 21.1 16.1 14.3 19.5 14.6 20.0
15
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
15
11.7
9.9
8.1
1.6
6.0
15
21.0 19.5 15.7 18.9 16.2 15.8 16.1
5.9
16
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
6.0
3.4
0.0
16
14.5
4.4
6.5
10.8
4.8
4.0
6.3
16
28.0 18.5 15.6 16.9 15.9 14.1 18.8
17
1.0
0.0
0.6
13.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
17
16.5
5.3
6.3
10.6
8.4
-0.7
6.9
17
24.0 19.9 13.6 16.6 14.6 15.0 18.8
18
2.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
10.0
0.0
0.0
18
12.6
9.7
4.7
5.9
3.1
0.4
2.3
18
21.3 19.8 15.0 14.0 12.8 15.8 20.2
19
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.6
0.0
19
13.7 10.7
6.4
0.0
0.3
3.8
3.6
19
22.0 17.8 17.1 14.0 12.5 14.3 19.5
20
0.0
0.0
10.6
0.0
0.8
0.0
1.4
20
11.9 11.0
9.3
2.6
7.6
2.5
7.4
20
21.0 20.2 16.1 15.1 16.7 17.6 16.6
21
0.0
15.6
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21
8.2
11.5
4.0
6.5
1.4
1.7
1.0
21
21.0 13.8 13.8 12.3 15.0 21.5 20.0
22
0.0
10.4
0.2
2.6
3.6
0.0
0.0
22
10.4
5.4
4.7
2.9
4.3
4.4
5.5
22
23.1 16.7 15.4 11.6 12.6 16.6 26.3
23
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
4.8
0.0
23
12.2
9.0
5.7
5.5
-0.8
4.9
9.2
23
24.5 17.7 13.5 13.2 12.5 13.0 31.5
24
0.0
8.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
24
13.8
8.4
5.1
-0.7
-1.9
-0.2
7.2
24
27.5 16.7 14.2 11.3 14.3 14.5 18.0 20.6 15.4 14.2 12.6 14.9 15.1 20.0
25
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25
16.9
9.1
6.9
6.0
1.3
5.2
4.2
25
26
2.2
1.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
26
14.2
9.4
0.1
2.5
4.5
1.2
5.2
26
18.1 16.5 15.0 16.1 18.2 16.4 22.8
27
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.4
0.6
0.0
27
4.4
2.2
5.4
2.1
8.1
9.3
5.9
27
15.7 17.1 14.6 15.5 14.9 15.4 23.9
28
0.0
7.4
0.0
0.0
3.0
8.0
0.0
28
6.6
8.9
2.1
5.1
7.6
2.5
6.2
28
18.1 17.0 14.1 18.4 13.5 13.5 25.0
29
1.8
0.2
9.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.4
29
8.2
4.2
7.9
5.1
8.4
-1.0
7.8
29
19.0 13.5 16.2 19.5 13.5 17.0 19.5
30
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
30
5.6
4.1
1.4
6.4
0.2
2.2
1.7
30
14.8 15.1 14.8 17.5 16.1 17.0 19.8
3.4
1.0
8.8
7.4
6.0
3.9
4.1
3.6
6.6
31
0.0
0.0
Total 50.9 55.6 45.8 35.6 70.8 40.6 17.4 IBS Spray + Sown PE Spray
Rainfall was limited throughout the period.
12 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
31 Avg 12.0
0.9 7.1
5.1
31
16.7
11.8 14.0
20.9
Avg 22.1 18.1 15.3 14.3 14.5 16.0 20.9
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 13
NARROGIN, WA
DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN BARLEY
INTRODUCTION One trial was conducted near Narrogin, Western Australia, to demonstrate and evaluate the benefits of fungicide in barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Bass) to control spot form net blotch (SFNB, causal agent Pyrenophora teres f.maculata) and powdery mildew (causal agent Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). The trial was sown into moisture on a loam paddock which was previously sown to oats. Seed and in furrow treatments were applied at seeding with foliar applications occurring when the crop was at GS 22 and GS 37. Disease levels in the trial were low throughout the trial period, with minimal background levels of inoculum within the trial area. In this trial, none of the treatmets tested reduced SFNB infection regardless of application timing, mostly likely due to disease levels ‹5% throughout the trial period. Powdery mildew severity was reduced in the lower canopy through the application of treatments at GS 37 (application C). The combination of Cogito + Amistar Xtra provided the highest control of powdery mildew, however other foliar applications provided similar results. No statistically significant yield differences were observed, compared to the untreated check.
AIMS 1. Systems based trial to demonstrate and evaluate the benefits of fungicide application in barley to control Powdery Mildew and Spot Form Net Blotch. 2. Looking at the options with SDHI’s, Strobilurin’s and DMI’s in regards to disease management.
RESULTS Spot Form Net Blotch control Disease present within the trial was spot form net blotch (SFNB, causal agent Pyrenophora teres f.maculata). Assessment of SFNB infection 10 DAA-B showed infection levels of 0-1% in the lower canopy with no disease present in the upper canopy. No significant differences were evident between any treatments regardless of application timing hence these results will not be presented here in detail. Powdery Mildew control At the final assessment, powdery mildew (causal agent Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) was also present.
14 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
Table 1: Powdery Mildew disease severity (%) lower and upper canopy 57 DAA-B (36 DAA-C). Trt. No.
Treatment Name
Lower Canopy
Upper Canopy
1
Untreated control
3.2ab
1.0a
2
Systiva
150 mL/100kg-seed
A
0.8b-e
0.0c
3
Uniform (IF) Uniform (SB)
200 mL/ha
A
4.9a
1.0bc
200 mL/ha
A
4
Cogito
125 mL/ha
B
0.8b-e
0.3bc
5
Bumper 625
200 mL/ha
B
0.6c-f
0.0c
6
Ceriax
750 mL/ha
B
1.6bcd
0.0c
7
Amistar Xtra
400 mL/ha
B
0.8b-e
0.7ab
8
Prosaro
150 mL/ha
B
2.3abc
0.0c
9
Aviator
500 mL/ha
B
0.2def
0.0c
10
Legend
200 mL/ha
B
0.4c-f
0.0c
11
Systiva
150 mL/100kg-seed
A
0.1ef
0.0c
Ceriax
750 mL/ha
C
Uniform (IF)
200 mL/ha
A
0.4c-f
0.0c
Uniform (SB)
200 mL/ha
A
Amistar Xtra
400 mL/ha
C
Prosaro
150 mL/ha
B
0.4c-f
0.0c
Aviator
500 mL/ha
C
Aviator
500 mL/ha
B
0.4c-f
0.0c
Prosaro
150 mL/ha
C
Cogito
125 mL/ha
B
0.0f
0.0c
Amistar Xtra
400 mL/ha
C
Amistar Xtra
400 mL/ha
B
0.0f
0.0c
Cogito
125 mL/ha
C
Amistar Xtra
400 mL/ha
B
1.3b-e
0.0c
Amistar Xtra
400 mL/ha
C
Systiva
150 mL/100kg-seed
A
0.1ef
0.0c
Amistar Xtra
400 mL/ha
B
Aviator
500 mL/ha
C
12
13 14 15 16 17 18
Rate
Appl. Code
Note: Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05,LSD)
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 15
NARROGIN, WA
Figure 1: Powdery Mildew disease severity (%) in the lower canopy at 57 days after application B (DAA-B) and 36 DAA-C.
Powdery Mildew disease severity (%) in the Lower Canopy at 57 DAA-B (36 DAA-C) 6
5
4
Disease severity (%)
3
2 Untreated At seeding (Appl A)
1
Foliar (Appl B) 0
Late Foliar (Appl C) 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Treatment no. Note: Colour coding is done as per the last application timing in the treatment. Important to consider that the late foliar applications were conducted in combination with an earlier application type and timing.
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16 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
YIELD AND RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI $/HA) Table 2: Barley Yield (t/ha) at harvest and treatment cost ($/ha) Trt. No.
Treatment Name
Rate
1 2
Untreated control Systiva
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18
Appl. Code
t/ha*
Treatment Cost ($/ha)
150 mL/100kg-seed
A
5.21 6.38
$0.00 $27.47
Uniform (IF) Uniform (SB)
200 mL/ha 200 mL/ha
A A
5.99
$25.32
Cogito Bumper 625 Ceriax Amistar Xtra Prosaro Aviator Legend Systiva Ceriax Uniform (IF) Uniform (SB) Amistar Xtra Prosaro Aviator Aviator Prosaro Cogito Amistar Xtra Amistar Xtra Cogito Amistar Xtra Amistar Xtra
125 mL/ha 200 mL/ha 750 mL/ha 400 mL/ha 150 mL/ha 500 mL/ha 200 mL/ha 150 mL/100kg-seed 750 mL/ha 200 mL/ha 200 mL/ha 400 mL/ha 150 mL/ha 500 mL/ha 500 mL/ha 150 mL/ha 125 mL/ha 400 mL/ha 400 mL/ha 125 mL/ha 400 mL/ha 400 mL/ha
B B B B B B B A C A A C B C B C B C B C B C
6.57 5.94 5.59 5.91 6.00 5.94 5.71
$3.94 $7.25 $35.00 $64.02 $11.78 $27.29 $36.28
6.30
$62.47
5.92
$89.34
5.49
$39.08
5.69
$39.08
5.13
$67.97
5.03
$67.97
5.59
$128.05
Systiva Amistar Xtra Aviator
150 mL/100kg-seed 400 mL/ha 500 mL/ha
A B C
5.68
$118.79
Note: Treatment costs are an indication only Figure 2: Barley yield (t/ha) at harvest and return on investment ($/ha) compared to untreated.
Barley Yield at Harvest (t/ha) with ROI ($/ha) for each treatment 7
Axis Title
6
$222
$141
$286
$148
$0
$46
$85 $156 $128 $70
$170
$62
-$47 -$19 $21 $63 -$85 -$106
5 4 3 2 1 0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Axis Title Note: ROI calculated assuming Barley price: $213.00/t, 2016/17 F1, Kwinana, taken from AWB bid sheet Treatments with a negative return on investment (ROI) are indicated with red text
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 17
NARROGIN, WA
CONCLUSION/SUMMARY In this trial: • Disease levels of both SFNB and powdery mildew were low (‹5%). • SFNB severity was not reduced by any treatment regardless of application timing. • Powdery mildew was not present within the trial until final assessment 57 DAA-B (36 DAA-C) with infection levels of 0-5% in the lower canopy and 0-1% in the upper canopy. • Uniform (Treatment 3, applied both in furrow and as a surface band) was unable to provide sufficient control of powdery mildew by 57 DAA-B, demonstrated by a percentage of leaf area infected (%LAI) equivalent to the untreated control. • Powdery mildew severity was reduced through the late foliar applications (Application C, GS 37) with all treatments providing similar control. • Given the low disease pressure, no significant differences in yield were identified. • When it comes to the farmer’s return on investment, the treatments effective in reducing powdery mildew were expensive and because of low disease pressure, had minimal impact to improve yield. • When we look at the ROI, the simpler, cheaper, less effective disease controlling treatments gave the best return. This highlights the importance of knowing your property well! If you know you have low disease pressure on your property you probably do not need to throw money at expensive fungicide treatments. • In this trial, it appears that earlier treatments provided greater yield benefits than later foliar applied fungicides.
PROTOCOL INFORMATION EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Study Design
Complete Randomised Block
Replications
3
Plot Length
12m
Plot Width Sprayed
2m
SITE DETAILS Co-operator
Narrogin Agricultural College
Location
Narrogin
Soil Description
Grey loam
Trial History 2015
Oats
CROP & SOWING DETAILS Seeding Date
2nd Jun 2016
Crop Type
Barley
Variety
Bass
Seeding Rate Nutrition
80 kg/ha Pre
110 kg/ha Gusto Gold | 80 kg/ha Urea
Post
50 L/ha UAN
Tillage Type
Knife points and press wheels
Row Spacing
25.4 cm
Moisture
Moisture to surface
Clod size
Small
Stubble loading Herbicides Applied
Insecticides Applied
18 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
Low ‹10% Pre-emergent
Post-emergent
1.5 L/ha glyphosate 2 L/ha trifluralin 300 g/ha diuron 800 mL/ha Velocity
Pre-emergent
1L/ha chlorpyriphos
Post-emergent
100 ml/ha Transform
T R E ATM E N T L I S T Trt. No.
Treatment Name
Rate
Application Timing
1
Untreated control
2
Appl. Code
Systiva
150 mL/100kg-seed
Seed treatment
A
3
Uniform (IF) Uniform (SB)
200 mL/ha 200 mL/ha
In-furrow Surface banded
A A
4
Cogito
125 mL/ha
8 WAS
B
5
Bumper 625
200 mL/ha
8 WAS
B
6
Ceriax
750 mL/ha
8 WAS
B
7
Amistar Xtra
400 mL/ha
8 WAS
B
8
Prosaro
150 mL/ha
8 WAS
B
9
Aviator
500 mL/ha
8 WAS
B
10
Legend
200 mL/ha
8 WAS
B
11
Systiva Ceriax
150 mL/100kg-seed 750 mL/ha
Seed treatment 11 WAS
A C
12
Uniform (IF) Uniform (SB) Amistar Xtra
200 mL/ha 200 mL/ha 400 mL/ha
In-furrow Surface banded 11 WAS
A A C
13
Prosaro Aviator
150 mL/ha 500 mL/ha
8 WAS 11 WAS
B C
14
Aviator Prosaro
500 mL/ha 150 mL/ha
8 WAS 11 WAS
B C
15
Cogito Amistar Xtra
125 mL/ha 400 mL/ha
8 WAS 11 WAS
B C
16
Amistar Xtra Cogito
400 mL/ha 125 mL/ha
8 WAS 11 WAS
B C
17
Amistar Xtra Amistar Xtra
400 mL/ha 400 mL/ha
8 WAS 11 WAS
B C
18
Systiva Amistar Xtra Aviator
150 mL/100kg-seed 400 mL/ha 500 mL/ha
Seed treatment 8 WAS 11 WAS
A B C
Note: Application details: Application A Seed treatment: applied to seeds on 01/06/16 in small, 2kg batches Liquid in-furrow: IBS, 1.5 cm below seed Liquid surface banded: IBS, behind press wheels, injected on top of the furrow Application B Early foliar spray (8 WAS): applied using a hand boom on 28/07/16 Application C Late foliar spray (11 WAS): applied using a hand boom on 16/08/16
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 19
NARROGIN, WA
A S S E S S M E N T D ATA S C O R I N G S Y S T E M S Notations Used: WAS = Weeks after Sowing IF = In-furrow SB = Surface Banded DAA-B = Days after Application B DAA-C = Days after Application C SFNB = Spot Form Net Blotch %LAI = Percent Leaf Area Infected Foliar Disease Severity Within each plot, crop parts were used to assess the upper and lower canopy. These sections were rated separately for percent leaf area infected (%LAI) with diseases present; where 0 = no infection, and 100% = total infection. Where senescence had begun, only the remaining green portion of the leaf was assessed. Yield A visual subjective score was given to each plot based on the percentage of weed control as compared to untreated control plots, where 0 = no Plots were harvested with a Haldrup trial header and the weights in kg/plot were recorded, then converted to t/ha. Return on Investment Treatment yield (t/ha) was multiplied by the 2016/2017 Barley bid price from Kwinana silos (one of the nearby silos in WA) of $213.00/t to give a gross income ($/ha). The treatment cost was then subtracted from this gross income figure to give an indication dollar return ($/ha) for each treatment. Finally, the dollar return from the untreated control was subtracted from each treatment’s dollar return in order to compare the difference between treating and not treating the plot.
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20 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
W E AT H E R D ATA Weather Day
010614 Rainfall
Narrogin Day
Temperature (min)
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
2.0
2.0
1
14.6
5.1
1.9
1.6
-1.0
3.4
2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.8
2
11.6
6.4
5.3
0.6
-0.4
2.2
Oct
3.6
Day
Temperature (max) Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
1
25.6 15.0 17.8 15.5 12.8 14.5 13.5
2
27.3 19.1
17.7 19.0 14.3 16.0 15.6
3
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
1.6
0.0
3
12.7
11.0
6.3
1.9
1.8
4.4
7.0
3
31.1
4
0.0
0.0
1.4
1.4
4.8
0.0
0.0
4
14.7
8.2
10.9
2.6
7.7
4.8
9.7
4
24.6 21.0 14.7 10.9 12.3 21.4 20.8
18.5 20.5 12.0 14.0 15.7 17.7
5
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.4
0.0
0.0
5
10.7
7.6
1.6
2.3
9.4
3.9
8.1
5
17.9 17.9 15.0 12.3
6
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
6
8.5
10.4
2.4
0.8
7.2
8.6
6.9
6
19.6 18.5 14.3 13.8 15.5 19.8 20.9
14.1 20.7 23.8
7
0.0
8.2
8.6
0.0
5.4
2.6
0.8
7
8.5
9.5
8.3
4.8
7.0
9.4
11.8
7
22.0 16.3 12.5
11.5
13.9 15.0 24.5
8
0.0
0.6
1.4
3.8
3.8
5.4
3.8
8
10.0
6.7
4.4
6.9
6.1
6.5
13.0
8
24.8 13.5
14.1
10.2 15.7 17.4
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
3.8
0.0
2.4
9
11.5
4.7
6.3
4.6
1.8
2.4
6.2
9
21.8 19.0 14.0 12.9 13.3 15.5 16.3
10
1.1
0.0
1.6
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
10
14.2
4.2
9.0
5.9
2.1
6.2
6.3
10
22.0 20.5 15.5
11.0
14.1
14.3 16.5 18.2
11
9.4
0.0
0.2
0.8
0.4
2.6
0.0
11
15.5
3.6
8.4
5.9
7.9
7.4
4.4
11
20.0 22.7 16.5 14.0 15.7 13.7 23.3
12
20.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.2
0.0
0.0
12
16.0
3.8
9.4
0.9
1.4
4.6
6.0
12
20.3 24.5 18.0 10.8 15.2 14.0 29.0
13
6.2
0.0
8.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13
16.5
6.8
9.7
-2.2
2.7
2.2
11.6
13
25.0 21.5 16.4 12.5 15.5 14.0 29.6
1.7
0.9
1.2
11.3
14
22.7 21.1
8.1
1.6
6.0
15
21.0 19.5 15.7 18.9 16.2 15.8
16.1 18.8
14
0.0
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14
12.5
11.9
9.9
15
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
15
11.7
5.9
9.9
16
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
6.0
3.4
0.0
16
14.5
4.4
6.5
10.8
4.8
4.0
6.3
16
28.0 18.5 15.6 16.9 15.9
17
1.0
0.0
0.6
13.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
17
16.5
5.3
6.3
10.6
8.4
-0.7
6.9
17
24.0 19.9 13.6 16.6 14.6 15.0 18.8
16.1
14.3 19.5 14.6 20.0
14.1
18
2.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
10.0
0.0
0.0
18
12.6
9.7
4.7
5.9
3.1
0.4
2.3
18
21.3 19.8 15.0 14.0 12.8 15.8 20.2
19
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.6
0.0
19
13.7 10.7
6.4
0.0
0.3
3.8
3.6
19
22.0 17.8
17.1
14.0 12.5 14.3 19.5
20
0.0
0.0
10.6
0.0
0.8
0.0
1.4
20
11.9
11.0
9.3
2.6
7.6
2.5
7.4
20
21.0 20.2 16.1
21
0.0
15.6
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21
8.2
11.5
4.0
6.5
1.4
1.7
1.0
21
21.0 13.8 13.8 12.3 15.0 21.5 20.0
22
0.0
10.4
0.2
2.6
3.6
0.0
0.0
22
10.4
5.4
4.7
2.9
4.3
4.4
5.5
22
23.1 16.7 15.4
23
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
4.8
0.0
23
12.2
9.0
5.7
5.5
-0.8
4.9
9.2
23
24.5 17.7 13.5 13.2 12.5 13.0 31.5
24
0.0
8.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
24
13.8
8.4
5.1
-0.7
-1.9
-0.2
7.2
24
27.5 16.7 14.2
16.9
9.1
6.9
6.0
1.3
5.2
4.2
25
20.6 15.4 14.2 12.6 14.9
14.2
9.4
0.1
2.5
4.5
1.2
5.2
26
18.1
25
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25
26
2.2
1.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
26
16.5 15.0
15.1
11.6
11.3
16.1
16.7 17.6 16.6
12.6 16.6 26.3
14.3 14.5 18.0 15.1 20.0
18.2 16.4 22.8
27
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.4
0.6
0.0
27
4.4
2.2
5.4
2.1
8.1
9.3
5.9
27
15.7
17.1
14.6 15.5 14.9 15.4 23.9
28
0.0
7.4
0.0
0.0
3.0
8.0
0.0
28
6.6
8.9
2.1
5.1
7.6
2.5
6.2
28
18.1
17.0
14.1
18.4 13.5 13.5 25.0
29
1.8
0.2
9.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.4
29
8.2
4.2
7.9
5.1
8.4
-1.0
7.8
29
19.0 13.5 16.2 19.5 13.5 17.0 19.5
30
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
30
5.6
4.1
1.4
6.4
0.2
2.2
1.7
30
14.8
3.4
1.0
8.8
7.4
5.1
31
6.0
3.9
4.1
3.6
6.6
Avg
31
0.0
0.0
Total 50.9 55.6 45.8 35.6 70.8 40.6 17.4 Sown/App A
31 Avg
0.9 12.0
7.1
15.1
14.8 17.5
16.1
17.0 19.8
11.8
14.0
20.9
16.7 22.1 18.1
15.3
14.3 14.5 16.0 20.9
App C
App B
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 21
NARROGIN, WA
HERBICIDE KNOCKDOWN DEMONSTRATION
INTRODUCTION The trial conducted near Narrogin, WA, in 2016 was a demonstration of options for knockdowns targeting weed species including volunteer oats, brome grass, annual ryegrass, capeweed, serradella and clover. Results clearly demonstrated that product choice, rate and application timing play a significant role in controlling volunteer oats, brome grass, annual ryegrass, capeweed, serradella and clover.
AIMS To demonstrate options for Knockdowns.
RESULTS Weed species present within this trial were volunteer oats, brome grass, annual ryegrass, capeweed, serradella and clover.
22 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
PERCENT BROWNOUT Table 1: Percent brownout (%) of all weed species at 8 DAA Trt. No.
Treatment Name
1
Roundup Ultra Max
2
Roundup Ultra Max
Rate
Rate Unit
Vol Oats
Brome
ARG
Capeweed
Serradella
Clover
800 ml/ha
85
80
80
15
25
50
1.5 l/ha
90
85
90
20
30
50
3
Roundup Ultra Max
3 l/ha
90
85
90
30
40
50
4
Paraquat
800 ml/ha
85
85
80
30
90
20
5
Paraquat
1.5 l/ha
90
90
85
40
90
30
6
Paraquat
3 l/ha
95
95
95
70
95
70
7
Sprayseed
1.5 l/ha
85
90
80
85
95
60
8
Alliance
1.5 l/ha
90
90
85
50
90
50
9
Alliance
3 l/ha
95
95
85
80
98
60
10
Roundup Ultra Max
800 ml/ha
95
90
90
70
85
75
0
0
0
0
0
0
95
90
90
60
85
30
95
90
90
95
95
85
90
90
90
95
95
95
90
80
80
15
40
40
85
90
75
30
85
75
95
85
90
60
80
75
80
85
80
80
85
50
85
85
90
10
25
25
85
85
85
20
20
23
85
80
85
25
30
20
75
80
75
5
15
5
Terrain
30 g/ha
Hasten
1 % v/
11
Untreated Control
12
Paraquat Terrain
800 ml/ha 30 g/ha
Hasten 13
Roundup Ultra Max Sharpen
1 % v/ 800 ml/ha 17 g/ha
Hasten 14
1 % v/v
Paraquat
800 ml/ha
Sharpen
17 g/ha
Hasten 15
Roundup Ultra Max Goal Tender
16
Paraquat
17
Roundup Ultra Max
Goal Tender Logran B Power
1 % v/v 800 ml/ha 40 ml/ha 800 ml/ha 40 ml/ha 800 ml/ha 25 g/ha
Hasten 18
Paraquat Logran B Power
1 % v/v 800 ml/ha 25 g/ha
Hasten 19
1 % v/v
Roundup Ultra Max
800 ml/ha
Kamba 500
170 g/ha
20
Roundup Ultra Max
800 ml/ha
21
Roundup Ultra Max
800
ml/ha
Ester 680
300
ml/ha
Roundup Ultra Max
800
ml/ha
Atrazine
0.6
kg/ha
Lontrel
22
40 g/ha
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 23
NARROGIN, WA
PERCENT REGROWTH Table 2: Percentage of weed survival (damaged plants exhibiting regrowth) at 41 days after application Trt. No.
Treatment Name
1
Roundup Ultra Max
2
Roundup Ultra Max
Rate
Rate Unit
Vol Oats
Brome
ARG
Capeweed
Serradella
Clover
800 ml/ha
100
100
100
100
100
100
1.5 l/ha
0
0
0
40
60
40
3
Roundup Ultra Max
3 l/ha
0
0
0
10
0
10
4
Paraquat
800 ml/ha
90
90
90
50
50
50
5
Paraquat
1.5 l/ha
50
40
40
30
30
30
6
Paraquat
3 l/ha
20
20
30
0
0
20
7
Sprayseed
1.5 l/ha
0
0
20
20
20
20
8
Alliance
1.5 l/ha
0
30
30
30
30
30
9
Alliance
3 l/ha
0
0
0
20
10
25
10
Roundup Ultra Max Terrain Hasten
800 ml/ha 30 g/ha 1 % v/
10
20
10
30
30
40
11
Untreated Control
100
100
100
100
100
100
12
Paraquat Terrain Hasten
800 ml/ha 30 g/ha 1 % v/
30
40
10
40
40
50
13
Roundup Ultra Max Sharpen Hasten
800 ml/ha 17 g/ha 1 % v/v
70
80
80
0
0
5
14
Paraquat Sharpen Hasten
800 ml/ha 17 g/ha 1 % v/v
70
80
80
0
0
5
15
Roundup Ultra Max Goal Tender
800 ml/ha 40 ml/ha
30
15
10
60
50
70
16
Paraquat Goal Tender
800 ml/ha 40 ml/ha
40
20
10
60
50
65
17
Roundup Ultra Max Logran B Power Hasten
800 ml/ha 25 g/ha 1 % v/v
20
20
20
10
15
30
18
Paraquat Logran B Power Hasten
800 ml/ha 25 g/ha 1 % v/v
30
30
40
40
40
30
19
Roundup Ultra Max Kamba 500
800 ml/ha 170 g/ha
0
10
10
60
75
80
20
Roundup Ultra Max Lontrel
800 ml/ha 40 g/ha
0
0
10
50
50
60
21
Roundup Ultra Max Ester 680
800 300
ml/ha ml/ha
10
10
5
10
10
40
22
Roundup Ultra Max Atrazine
800 0.6
ml/ha kg/ha
5
5
0
20
20
40
Note: Colour coded results›50% regrowth/ survival
At these rates and method of application including timing etc. Results showed these treatments to be ineffective.
11-49% regrowth/survival
At these rates and method of application including timing etc. Results showed these treatment to provide less than optimal control.
‚10% regrowth/survival
At these rates and method of application including timing etc. Results showed at least 90% control.
24 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
CONCLUSION/SUMMARY • Early brownout will not always translate to a proper kill. E.g. treatments of Paraquat/ RoundUp Ultra Max mixed with Hasten and Sharpen got 90-95% brownout on the grasses at 8 DAA, but by 41 DAA they had 70-80% regrowth. Could be due to an antagonistic relationship between mixing partners, inadequate rate of application and many other factors. • Manipulation of rates will achieve different levels of control. For example, Roundup Ultra Max at the lower rate of 0.8L/ha will not control any of these species at 41DAA (shown by 100% regrowth/ survival) however, at 3L/ha the same product can achieve 0-10% survival rates at 41 DAA and therefore desirable control of all weed species. • Sharpen and Hasten, when mixed with the lower rates (0.8L/ha) of Paraquat/ Roundup Ultra Max, are very effective at controlling broadleaf weeds like capeweed, serradella and clover.
PROTOCOL INFORMATION EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Study Design Replications Plot Length Plot Width Sprayed
Demonstration 1 12m 2m
SITE DETAILS Co-operator Location Soil Description Trial History 2015
Narrogin Agricultural College Narrogin Grey loam Oats/Pasture
EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATION DETAILS Weed Growth Stage at application
Date Spray Time Temperature (°C) Delta T Cloud Cover (%) Relative Humidity (%) Wind Speed (m/s) Wind Direction Soil Moisture Application equipment Application speed (km/hr) Pressure (bar) Spray volume (L/ha) Spray quality
Volunteer oats: GS 24 – 31 Brome grass: GS 22 – 24 Annual ryegrass: GS 22 – 24 26/07/2016 Start 13:40 Start 15.3 Start 4.4 Start 0 Start 54.2 Start 1.2 Start SW Moist at 1cm Shrouded hand boom 6 2.2 100 Coarse
Capeweed: 5-20cm diameter Serradella: 8 – 10 leaf Clover: 5-8 leaf Finish Finish Finish Finish Finish Finish Finish
14.20 16.6 6.2 0 49.5 0.7 SW
Note: At application, there was a significant shading of weed species throughout the plots. This may effect efficacy of contact herbicides. Treatments were assessed based on the following: Notations used UTC =Untreated check DAA =Days after Application Percent Brownout At 8 days after application (DAA), a subjective score was given to each plot based on the level of weed brownout as compared to the untreated control plots. Percent Regrowth At 41 DAA, a subjective assessment of each plot was given indicating the percentage of the total population to exhibit regrowth; defined as new shoots, stem elongation or new leaves. Retention of green tissue was not included as part of this assessment. Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 25
NARROGIN, WA
W E AT H E R D ATA Weather Day
010614 Rainfall
Narrogin Day
Temperature (min)
Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct
Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
2.0
2.0
1
14.6
5.1
1.9
1.6
-1.0
3.4
Oct
2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.8
2
11.6
6.4
5.3
0.6
-0.4
2.2
3.6
Day
Temperature (max) Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct
1
25.6 15.0 17.8 15.5 12.8 14.5 13.5
2
27.3 19.1 17.7 19.0 14.3 16.0 15.6
3
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
1.6
0.0
3
12.7 11.0
6.3
1.9
1.8
4.4
7.0
3
31.1 18.5 20.5 12.0 14.0 15.7 17.7
4
0.0
0.0
1.4
1.4
4.8
0.0
0.0
4
14.7
10.9
2.6
7.7
4.8
9.7
4
24.6 21.0 14.7 10.9 12.3 21.4 20.8
8.2
5
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.4
0.0
0.0
5
10.7
7.6
1.6
2.3
9.4
3.9
8.1
5
17.9 17.9 15.0 12.3 14.1 20.7 23.8
6
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
6
8.5
10.4
2.4
0.8
7.2
8.6
6.9
6
19.6 18.5 14.3 13.8 15.5 19.8 20.9
7
0.0
8.2
8.6
0.0
5.4
2.6
0.8
7
8.5
9.5
8.3
4.8
7.0
9.4
11.8
7
22.0 16.3 12.5 11.5 13.9 15.0 24.5
8
0.0
0.6
1.4
3.8
3.8
5.4
3.8
8
10.0
6.7
4.4
6.9
6.1
6.5
13.0
8
24.8 13.5 11.0 14.1 10.2 15.7 17.4
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
3.8
0.0
2.4
9
11.5
4.7
6.3
4.6
1.8
2.4
6.2
9
21.8 19.0 14.0 12.9 13.3 15.5 16.3
10
1.1
0.0
1.6
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
10
14.2
4.2
9.0
5.9
2.1
6.2
6.3
10
22.0 20.5 15.5 14.1 14.3 16.5 18.2
11
9.4
0.0
0.2
0.8
0.4
2.6
0.0
11
15.5
3.6
8.4
5.9
7.9
7.4
4.4
11
20.0 22.7 16.5 14.0 15.7 13.7 23.3
12
20.4 0.0
0.0
0.0
4.2
0.0
0.0
12
16.0
3.8
9.4
0.9
1.4
4.6
6.0
12
20.3 24.5 18.0 10.8 15.2 14.0 29.0
13
6.2
0.0
8.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13
16.5
6.8
9.7
-2.2
2.7
2.2
11.6
13
25.0 21.5 16.4 12.5 15.5 14.0 29.6
14
0.0
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14
12.5 11.9
9.9
1.7
0.9
1.2
11.3
14
22.7 21.1 16.1 14.3 19.5 14.6 20.0
15
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
15
11.7
9.9
8.1
1.6
6.0
15
21.0 19.5 15.7 18.9 16.2 15.8 16.1
5.9
16
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
6.0
3.4
0.0
16
14.5
4.4
6.5
10.8
4.8
4.0
6.3
16
28.0 18.5 15.6 16.9 15.9 14.1 18.8
17
1.0
0.0
0.6
13.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
17
16.5
5.3
6.3
10.6
8.4
-0.7
6.9
17
24.0 19.9 13.6 16.6 14.6 15.0 18.8
18
2.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
10.0
0.0
0.0
18
12.6
9.7
4.7
5.9
3.1
0.4
2.3
18
21.3 19.8 15.0 14.0 12.8 15.8 20.2
19
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.6
0.0
19
13.7 10.7
6.4
0.0
0.3
3.8
3.6
19
22.0 17.8 17.1 14.0 12.5 14.3 19.5
20
0.0
0.0
10.6
0.0
0.8
0.0
1.4
20
11.9 11.0
9.3
2.6
7.6
2.5
7.4
20
21.0 20.2 16.1 15.1 16.7 17.6 16.6
21
0.0
15.6
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21
8.2
11.5
4.0
6.5
1.4
1.7
1.0
21
21.0 13.8 13.8 12.3 15.0 21.5 20.0
22
0.0
10.4
0.2
2.6
3.6
0.0
0.0
22
10.4
5.4
4.7
2.9
4.3
4.4
5.5
22
23.1 16.7 15.4 11.6 12.6 16.6 26.3
23
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
4.8
0.0
23
12.2
9.0
5.7
5.5
-0.8
4.9
9.2
23
24.5 17.7 13.5 13.2 12.5 13.0 31.5
24
0.0
8.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
24
13.8
8.4
5.1
-0.7
-1.9
-0.2
7.2
24
27.5 16.7 14.2 11.3 14.3 14.5 18.0 20.6 15.4 14.2 12.6 14.9 15.1 20.0
25
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25
16.9
9.1
6.9
6.0
1.3
5.2
4.2
25
26
2.2
1.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
26
14.2
9.4
0.1
2.5
4.5
1.2
5.2
26
18.1 16.5 15.0 16.1 18.2 16.4 22.8
27
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.4
0.6
0.0
27
4.4
2.2
5.4
2.1
8.1
9.3
5.9
27
15.7 17.1 14.6 15.5 14.9 15.4 23.9
28
0.0
7.4
0.0
0.0
3.0
8.0
0.0
28
6.6
8.9
2.1
5.1
7.6
2.5
6.2
28
18.1 17.0 14.1 18.4 13.5 13.5 25.0
29
1.8
0.2
9.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.4
29
8.2
4.2
7.9
5.1
8.4
-1.0
7.8
29
19.0 13.5 16.2 19.5 13.5 17.0 19.5
30
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
30
5.6
4.1
1.4
6.4
0.2
2.2
1.7
30
14.8 15.1 14.8 17.5 16.1 17.0 19.8
3.4
1.0
8.8
7.4
6.0
3.9
4.1
3.6
6.6
31
0.0
0.0
Total 50.9 55.6 45.8 35.6 70.8 40.6 17.4
31 Avg 12.0
0.9 7.1
5.1
31
16.7
11.8 14.0
Sprayed
Sprayed on 26/07/2016. First rain came 3 days after spray. No large rainfall events around spray time, or before final assessment of regrowth (41 DAA= 05/09/2016). Largest rainfall event in the period 14.0mm.
26 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
20.9
Avg 22.1 18.1 15.3 14.3 14.5 16.0 20.9
ELDERS RED NOTEBOOK APP your back pocket tool
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Notes: Gives you the ability to keep a log when you don’t have a pen on hand. Includes a sketch function and ability to email.
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Figures: All the quick tools you need on farm including chemical compatibility, wool selling centre locations and breeding tables. Elders Weather: One of Australia’s leading free online services of detailed weather information covering over 550 locations, satellite and radar images, synoptic charts, warnings and breaking weather information. Elders Online: A direct, easilyaccessible portal to the Elders website. Elders Grain: The integration of all Elders apps now provides access to the Elders Grain app through the Grain icon.
Download today through your app store or visit www.elders.com.au/rednotebook Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 27
HAMILTON, SA
BROADLEAF WEED CONTROL IN WHEAT
INTRODUCTION A trial was conducted near Hamilton, SA to evaluate the efficacy of existing and new chemistry on broadleaf weeds and crop safety in wheat cv. Grenade CL when applied at different timings. Weed pressure from the targeted Radish species (Raphanus sativus) was low during the trial, with plants per m2 counts of 4.7 in the untreated plots. Results indicate that the highest levels of radish control (%) were achieved by treatments containing Aptitude, as well as Eliminar C, Triathlon, the combination of Paradigm with MCPA LVE 570 and Uptake, Reglone with Tigrex and Ecopar with MCPA 750.
AIMS To evaluate the efficacy of existing and new chemistry on broadleaf weeds and crop safety in wheat when applied at different timings.
28 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
RESULTS Table 1: Treatment details and Radish (Raphanus sativus) control (%) at 14 days after application B (04/07/2016) Trt. No.
Treatment Name
Rate
Rate Unit
1
Untreated
2
Gangster
125
ml/ha
3
Gangster
125
LVE MCPA 570 4 5
Appl. Description
Radish control (%) 0.0
e
GS 22
31.7
d
ml/ha
GS 22
48.3
cd
330
ml/ha
GS 22
Aptitude
200
g/ha
GS 12-13
98.3
a
Aptitude
200
g/ha
GS 12-13
100.0
a
MCPA 570
330
ml/ha
GS 12-13
6
BAS704 00H
330
ml/ha
GS 22
68.3
bc
7
Artillery
60
g/ha
GS 22
83.3
ab
MCPA 750
400
ml/ha
GS 22
8
Eliminar C
750
ml/ha
GS 22
83.3
ab
9
Vortex
840
ml/ha
GS 22
58.3
c
10
Triathlon
750
ml/ha
GS 22
91.7
a
11
1502*
*
*
GS 22
36.7
d
12
1502*
*
*
GS 22
58.3
c
LVE MCPA 570
*
*
GS 22 81.7
ab
51.7
cd
6.7
e
100.0
a
98.3
a
80.0
ab
91.7
a
13 14 15 16
Velocity
670
ml/ha
GS 22
Hasten
1
%v/v
GS 22
Precept
750
ml/ha
GS 22
Hasten
1
%v/v
GS 22
Pixxaro
400
ml/ha
GS 22
Uptake
0.5
%v/v
GS 22
Paradign
25 300 0.5
g/ha
GS 12-13
ml/ha
GS 12-13
%v/v
GS 12-13
700 500
ml/ha
GS 12-13
ml/ha
GS 22
1000 1
ml/ha
GS 22
%v/v
GS 22
400 330
ml/ha
GS 22
ml/ha
GS 22
LVE MCPA 570 Uptake 17
Reglone Tigrex
18
Talinor Hasten
19
Ecopar MCPA 750
Note: Means followed by same letter or symbol do not significantly differ (P=.05, LSD) *= experimental product applied at a confidential rate
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 29
HAMILTON, SA
Radish control (%) at 14 DA-B (04/07/2016) 120 100
weed control (%)
80 60 40 20 0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Treatment no. Figure 1: Radish (Raphanus sativus) control (%) at 14 days after application B (04/07/2016)
CONCLUSION/SUMMARY Phytotoxicity (Crop Safety) • Early assessments showed a significant level of phytotoxicity for areas treated with Reglone. • A lower level of phytotoxicity was observed for Aptitude, both alone and in combination with MCPA 750 as well as areas treated with the combination of Paradigm, MCPA LVE 570 and Uptake. • With the exception of the above treatments, no significant crop damage was recorded. Radish (Raphanus sativus) control • The highest levels of radish control (%) were achieved by treatments containing Aptitude, as well as Eliminar C, Triathlon, the combination of Paradigm with MCPA LVE 570 and Uptake, Reglone with Tigrex and Ecopar with MCPA 750. • Areas treated with Precept and Hasten, as well as Pixxaro and Uptake were less effective at controlling radish numbers. • Combinations of Aptitude and MCPA 750, as well as of Paradigm with MCPA LVE 570 and Uptake both gave 100% control of the radish when assessed at 14 DA-B.
PROTOCOL INFORMATION CROP DESCRIPTION Common Name: Variety: Planting Date: Planting Method: Planting Equipment: Planting Rate: Depth, Unit: Row Spacing, Unit: No. Rows: Soil Moisture: Seed Bed: Stubble Cover:
30 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
Wheat (Clearfield) Grenade CL 02/05/2016 Knife Point Presswheel Single Plot Seeder 90 kg/ha 2 cm 25 cm 5 Dry Moist 15%
MAINTENANCE No. 1
Date 02/05/2016
Product Name DAP
Description Below Seed
Rate 80.0
Rate Unit kg/ha
CHEMICAL No. 1 2 3 4 5
Date 31/05/2016 28/06/2016 24/08/2016 24/08/2016 24/08/2016
Maintenance Product Name Pyrinex Super Weedmaster Roundup Hammer Deluge
Description PSPE Maintenance - GS 21-23 Pathways Pathways Pathways
Rate 1.5 2.0 3.0 40.0 200.0
Rate Unit L/ha L/ha L/ha mL/ha mL/100L
APPLICATION DESCRIPTION Application Date: Application Timing:
A 31/05/2016 GS 12-13
B 20/06/2016 GS 22
A Wheat BBCH 12 12 13
B Wheat BBCH 22 22 22
CROP STAGE AT EACH APPLICATION Crop 1 Code, BBCH Scale: Stage Scale Used: Stage Majority, Percent: Stage Minimum, Percent: Stage Maximum, Percent:
Treatments were assessed based on the following: Notations used DA-A = Days after application of treatment A (20/06/2016) DA-B = Days after application of treatment B (04/07/2016) GS = Growing stage as per BBCH scoring system Crop Phytotoxicity A percentage level of phytotoxicity was observed at 20 DA-A and 14 DA-B. Weed counts A weed count was conducted at 20 DA-A, 14 DA-B and 37 DA-B. Results were presented as the number of plants per m2. Percentage Weed Control A subjective score was given based on the level of weed control as compared to the untreated plots at 14 DA-B (or on 04/07/2016).
W E AT H E R D ATA Grower Season Rainfall – 1st April – 30th October = 447.8mm Annual Rainfall - January – December 30th 2016 = 602mm
Rainfall (mm)
.
2016 vs Long Term (LT) Mean Rainfall 120
600
100
500
80
400
60
300
40
200
20
100
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
2016 Monthly
Apr
May
Long Term Mean
Jun
Jul
2016 Cumulative
Aug
Sep
Oct
0
Cumulative Mean
(Source: Roseworthy AWS, SA – Bureau of Meteorology)
Growing season rainfall was above average at the site, with significantly higher than average rainfall in the months of May to October. Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 31
HAMILTON, SA
MULTI-CROP HERBICIDE MATRIX TRIAL
INTRODUCTION A trial was conducted near Hamilton, SA, in 2016, testing herbicide safety for use over “off-label” break crops including coriander, wheat, barley, canola, radish, field peas, vetch, lentils, faba beans, chickpeas and ryegrass. The trial also tested the efficacy of treatments in annual ryegrass and broadleaf weed control. Results indicate that applying herbicides incorporated by sowing (IBS) gave greater crop safety than those applied at GS13 as the herbicides are separated from the seed. Results also highlight the strengths of weakness of each herbicide treatment, whether that is poorer weed control or reduced crop safety in certain circumstances.
AIMS To determine the suitability of experimental and existing chemistry for use over a variety of “off-label” break crops including coriander, wheat, barley, canola, radish, field peas, vetch, lentils, faba beans, chickpeas and ryegrass. To demonstrate the efficacy of experimental and existing chemistry for annual ryegrass and broadleaf weed control. To provide visual aids to support discussion about the strengths or weaknesses of each herbicide treatment, whether that is poorer weed control or reduced crop safety in certain circumstances.
32 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
RESULTS CROP TOLERANCE Table 1: Crop damage (%) at 103 days after treatments A and B applied (DP-1) (56 days after application of treatment C) Coriander
Wheat
Barley
Canola
Radish
Field Peas
Vetch
Lentils
Faba Beans
Untreated
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Sakura
0
0
0
0
35
50
20
50
0
10
50
3
Arcade
0
0
0
40
10
50
0
50
0
10
10
4
Avadex Xtra
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
0
30
10
5
AD-AU 1311 (experimental 1)
0
80
80
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
80
6
Palmero
0
0
10
70
30
20
10
20
0
50
0
7
BAS 479 24H (experimental 2)
60
60
80
40
80
0
15
50
60
75
80
8
Paradigm Mentor LVE MCPA 570 Uptake
100
0
10
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
0
9
Rexade LVE MCPA 570
100
0
10
100
100
100
100
95
100
95
95
10
Sharpen Hasten
80
0
10
50
80
15
0
0
10
10
0
11
Pixario Uptake
100
0
10
10
60
100
100
100
95
100
0
12
Gramoxone 360 Inspire Hasten
100
100
100
100
95
100
100
100
100
100
100
13
Talinor Hasten
30
0
0
100
95
100
95
100
95
95
0
14
Vortex
80
0
0
100
100
100
100
90
100
95
0
15
Terrain Banjo oil
70
30
70
95
100
95
100
100
95
100
30
16
Ecopar BS1000
70
0
0
85
95
95
10
90
30
0
10
17
Ecopar Spinnaker
100
0
0
100
95
40
60
30
10
20
10
18
Ecopar Brodal
60
0
0
85
95
40
10
15
85
60
0
19
Sharpen Hasten
100
0
80
100
90
100
75
100
100
90
0
20
Triathlon
80
0
0
100
100
80
95
95
30
90
0
21
1502 (experimental 3)
20
0
0
100
100
100
90
100
100
95
10
Trt. No.
Treatment Name
1
Chickpeas Ryegrass
Note: Colour coding: Application A
IBS
>50% damage
Minimal crop tolerance of this herbicide treatment.
Application B
PSPE
11-49% damage
Moderate crop tolerance of this herbicide treatment
Application C
Foliar spray (GS13)
<10% damage
Good crop tolerance of this herbicide treatment
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 33
HAMILTON, SA
WEED CONTROL Weed control (%) at 103 DP-1 120 100
% weed control
80 60 40 20 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Treatment no. Annual Ryegrass
Broadleaf Weeds
Figure 1: Annual Ryegrass and Broadleaf weed control (% compared to untreated check) at 103 days after treatments A and B applied (DP-1) (56 days after application of treatment C)
CONCLUSION/SUMMARY IBS and PSPE Treatments (no.’s 2-7, 10) • All treatments applied IBS (application code A) achieved ›85% control of annual ryegrass (ARG) in the trial, demonstrating how effective IBS ARG control options can be. • Furthermore, all IBS treatments bar Avadex Xtra provided ›85% control of broadleaf weeds. • Applying herbicides incorporated by sowing (IBS) gave greater crop safety than those applied at GS13 as the herbicides are separated from the seed. • Sakura (treatment no. 2) caused greater than 50% damage in field peas, despite being registered for use in field peas. • Arcade caused greater than 50% damage in Field Peas and Lentils. Although Arcade is not registered on Lentils and Field Peas it is a very similar product to Boxer Gold, which is registered in these crops. Also, Ryegrass control was very poor with Arcade, which is most likely due to a lack of crop competition. • Palmero is only registered on chickpeas. The results show damage severity ›50% on chickpeas and poor control on other crop types where control would be expected e.g. cereals, radish and beans. Post emergent (GS 13) Treatments (no.’s 8, 9, 11-21) • The Sharpen and Hasten mix applied PSPE (treatment no. 10) gave 45-60% control of both weed types, compared with the same mix applied at GS 13 (treatment no. 19), which showed no ryegrass control and 95% broadleaf weed control. • The mix of Gramoxone 360, Inspire and Hasten proved very effective at damaging every species in the trial with 100% control of both weed types and 95-100% damage to all crop types. • Aside from the Gramoxone 360, Inspire and Hasten mix (trt. No. 12), the Terrain with Banjo Oil mix (trt. No. 15) and the Vortex (trt. 14), post emergent sprays provided low level ARG control (0-30%). • Product 1502 (Experimental 3) was not effective at controlling weeds by 103 DP-1. It was also very damaging over canola, radish and some legumes. • In a cropping situation, higher levels of weed control would be expected as there is increased crop competition.
34 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
PROTOCOL INFORMATION CROP DESCRIPTION
CROP DESCRIPTION
Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate:
Coriander N/A 15kg/ha Quinoa * N/A 5kg/ha Wheat Mace 90kg/ha Barley Compass 75kg/ha Canola Bonito TT 4kg/ha Radish Graza 5 kg/ha Field Peas Oura 100kg/ha Vetch Timok 30kg/ha
Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Common Name: Variety: Planting Rate: Planting Date: Planting Equipment: Planting Method: Depth: Row Spacing: No. Rows: Soil Moisture: Seed Bed: Stubble Cover: Paddock History, 2015: Paddock History, 2014:
Lentils Hurricane 50kg/ha Faba Beans Samira 130kg/ha Chickpeas Monarch 130kg/ha Ryegrass Tetrone 15kg/ha 4/05/2016 Single Plot Seeder Knife Point Press Wheel 2cm 25cm 5 Moist Moist 15% Oaten Hay Oaten Hay
SITE AND DESIGN Treated Plot Width: Plot Centre: Treated Plot Length: Treated Plot Area:
1.25m 2m 2m 2.5m2
MAINTENANCE FERTILISER No. Date 1 4/05/2016
Product Name DAP
Description Below Seed
Rate 80.0
Rate Unit kg/ha
CHEMICAL No. 1 2
Date 4/05/2016 31/05/2016
Maintenance Product Name Pyrinex Super Pyrinex Super
Description PSPE Maintenance Spray
Rate 500.0 1.5
Rate Unit mL/ha L/ha
APPLICATION DESCRIPTION Application Date: Appl. Start Time: Appl. Stop Time: Application Timing: Applied By: Air Temperature, Unit: % Relative Humidity: Wind Velocity, Unit: Wind Direction: Soil Moisture: % Cloud Cover:
A 04/05/2016 8:00 AM 9:00 AM IBS JP 14.1 C 65.1 3 KPH NW Good 70
B 04/05/2016 11:30 AM 11:40 AM PSPE JP 15 C 59.9 4.5 KPH NW Good 70
C 20/06/2016 3:00 PM 4:00 PM GS 13 NA 13.5 C 74.0 5.5 KPH SW Wet 80 Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 35
HAMILTON, SA
PROTOCOL INFORMATION APPLICATION EQUIPMENT Appl. Equipment: Operation Pressure, Unit: Nozzle Type: Nozzle Size: Nozzle Spacing, Unit: Nozzles/Row: Boom ID: Boom Length, Unit: Boom Height, Unit: Ground Speed, Unit: Carrier: Spray Volume, Unit: Mix Size, Unit:
A Hand Boom 200 kPa Airmix 15 50 cm 5 HBM014 2.5 m 50 cm 5.8 kph Water 100 L/ha 2 Liters
B Hand Boom 200 kPa Airmix 15 50 cm 5 HBM014 2.5 m 50 cm 5.8 kph Water 100 L/ha 2 Liters
C Hand Boom 200 kPa Airmix 15 50 cm 5 HBM013 2.5m 50 cm 5.8 KPH Water 100 L/ha 1.5 liters
PEACE OF MIND WITH BIO-FORGE. Protect your crop early from the stress of adverse weather conditions with an easy and cost effective seed treatment application with Stollerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Bio-Forge. Maximise your returns with improved early establisment and healthy root growth. CONTACT STOLLER ON 1800 337 845 OR TALK TO YOUR LOCAL DEALER 36 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
www.stoller.com.au
TREATMENTS Trt. No.
Treatment Name
1
Untreated
2
Sakura
3
Arcade
4
Avadex Xtra
5
AD-AU 1311 (experimental 1)
6
Palmero
7
BAS 479 24H (experimental 2)
8
Paradigm Mentor LVE MCPA 570 Uptake
9
Form Conc
Form Unit
Rate
Rate Unit
Appl Code
Appl Description
850
g/kg
118
g/ha
A
IBS
3
l/ha
A
IBS
500
g/L
4000
ml/ha
A
IBS
Confidential Rate
kg/ha
A
IBS
100
g/ha
A
IBS
1.8
l/ha
A
IBS
25 120 300 0.5
g/ha g/ha ml/ha % v/v
C
GS 13
750
g/kg
400 750 570
g/kg g/kg g/L
Rexade LVE MCPA 570 BS1000
g/ha ml/ha % v/v
GS 13
g/L
100 500 0.25
C
570
10
Sharpen Hasten
700 900
g/kg g/L
34 1
g/ha % v/v
B
PSPE
11
Pixario Uptake
400 0.5
ml/ha % v/v
C
GS 13
12
Gramoxone 360 Inspire Hasten
1.66 132 0.50
l/ha ml/ha % v/v
C
GS 13
13
Talinor Hasten
1 1
l/ha % v/v
C
GS 13
14
Vortex
Confidential Rate
ml/ha
C
GS 13
15
Terrain Banjo oil
500 900
g/kg g/L
180 1
g/ha % v/v
C
GS 13
16
Ecopar BS1000
20 1000
g/L g/L
800 0.2
ml/ha % v/v
C
GS 13
17
Ecopar Spinnaker
20 700
g/L g/kg
800 100
ml/ha g/ha
C
GS 13
18
Ecopar Brodal
20 500
g/L g/L
800 100
ml/ha ml/ha
C
GS 13
19
Sharpen Hasten
700 900
g/kg g/L
34 1
g/ha % v/v
C
GS 13
20
Triathlon
425
g/L
Confidential Rate
ml/ha
C
GS 13
21
1502 (experimental 3)
Confidential Rate
l/ha
C
GS 13
360 100
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 37
HAMILTON, SA
WEATHER DATA Rainfall (2016) Observations were drawn from Marrabel (Station No. - 23311) Date
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.0
2
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.4
3
0.0
3.4
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
49.0
0.0
6
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.2
0.0
3.4
7.6
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
3.6
0.0
0.0
3.4
2.6
0.0
8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.6
5.0
0.0
0.0
9
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
10
0.0
0.0
34.0
0.0
12.0
7.6
8.0
0.0
11
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
12
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
4.6
0.0
13
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.4
5.0
0.0
14
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.4
0.0
0.0
18
0.0
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
19
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
22
7.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.8
1.6
0.0
23
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
6.2
0.0
24
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.0
0.0
0.0
25
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.8
0.0
2.6
0.0
26
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
27
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
12.6
0.0
28
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
18.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
29
4.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
30
38.0
0.0
1.0
0.2
0.0
31
5.0
0.0
Total
54.0
6.0
44.0
8.2
75.0
Cummulative
54.0
60.0
104.0
112.2
187.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
62.0
101.8
16.6
249.2
351.0
367.6
0.0
Note: 04/05/2016
Sprayed appl A (IBS) and B (PSPE)
20/06/2016
Sprayed appl C (GS 13)
Application A and B had 4 days after spray before 2 small rain events. Application C received rain the day after spray. The trial received adequate rainfall throughout the period and there were limited weather constraints on plant growth.
38 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
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Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 39
HAMILTON, SA
TIME OF SOWING IN WHEAT TRIAL
INTRODUCTION The trial conducted near Hamilton, SA, in 2016 was set up in a frost prone area to explore if frost damage can be avoided by manipulating sowing time and variety choice. Data was gathered on the performance of current and new varieties at different sowing times to determine the optimal time of sowing (TOS) to maximise yield. Yields in this trial were dependant on weather conditions. TOS 1 and 2 were planted into low soil moisture however consistent rains from June until late October meant there were no moisture constraints at the site for the later part of the season. There was a significant frost event on the 14th of October that can be implicated for causing the low yields seen in TOS 2. Results indicate that all varieties yielded best at TOS 3, followed closely by TOS1. All varieties yielded their worst at TOS 2, likely due to the frost event. Trojan, cutlass and RAC2341 lost significant yield to frost damage in TOS 2 while Mace and Sceptre appear to tolerate frost slightly better than the other varieties, shown by comparatively higher yields.
AIMS To determine if frost can be avoided through manipulation of sowing time and variety choice. To gather data on the optimal time of sowing to maximise yield between current and new varieties.
40 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
RESULTS Table 1: Yield (t/ha) at harvest on 16/01/17 Trt. No.
Treatment Name
Rate
Unit
Appl Code
Yield (t/ha)
1
Mace
90
kg/ha
A
3.828
2
Sceptre
90
kg/ha
A
4.117
ab
3
RAC2341
90
kg/ha
A
3.433
abc
4
Trojan
90
kg/ha
A
4.293
a
5
Cutlass
90
kg/ha
A
4.024
ab
ab
6
Mace
90
kg/ha
B
3.399
abc
7
Sceptre
90
kg/ha
B
3.225
a-d
8
RAC2341
90
kg/ha
B
2.072
d
9
Trojan
90
kg/ha
B
2.216
cd
10
Cutlass
90
kg/ha
B
2.931
bcd
11
Mace
90
kg/ha
C
4.077
ab
12
Sceptre
90
kg/ha
C
3.727
ab
13
RAC2341
90
kg/ha
C
3.793
ab
14
Trojan
90
kg/ha
C
4.249
a
15
Cutlass
90
kg/ha
C
4.293
a
Note: Means followed by same letter or symbol do not significantly differ (P=.05, LSD) NB: Yield (t/ha) of each variety at each time of sowing (TOS)
ALW USE WAYS ITH
at 1%
Use Factor in Grain Legumes. • factor - to manage ryegrass populations • factor - is different “dim” chemistry • factor - best ryegrass control is mixtures with Havoc* *clethodim products
For more information visit nufarm.com.au
TARGET RYEGRASS you need the ‘X’ Factor.
© 2017 Nufarm Australia Ltd. All trade marks (®,™) are owned by Nufarm Australia Ltd.
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 41
HAMILTON, SA
CONCLUSION/SUMMARY • TOS 3 yielded the best of the three treatments (average 4.017 t/ha) for all varieties, followed closely by TOS 1 (average 3.939 t/ha). TOS 2 yielded poorly in comparison (average 2.7686t/ha) for all varieties. • Trojan, cutlass and RAC2341 had significantly poorer yields at TOS 2 than they achieved in TOS 1 and 3, where they performed very well. • Mace and Sceptre had equivalent yields for all TOS, however they performed slightly poorer in TOS 2. • The poor yields at TOS 2 were likely a result of the 14/10/16 frost event. • Yields at TOS 1 were potentially stunted by the dry start at this sowing time.
PROTOCOL INFORMATION CROP DESCRIPTION Common Name:
TOS 1
TOS 2
TOS 3
Wheat
Wheat
Wheat
Planting Date:
18/04/2016
2/05/2016
31/05/2016
Planting Method:
Knife Point Presswheel
Knife Point Presswheel
Knife Point Presswheel
Planting Equipment:
Single Plot Seeder
Single Plot Seeder
Single Plot Seeder
Planting Rate:
90 kg/ha
90 kg/ha
90 kg/ha
Depth, Unit:
1.5 cm
2 cm
2 cm
Row Spacing, Unit:
25
25
25
No. Rows:
5
5
5
Soil Moisture:
Dry
Dry
Dry
Seed Bed:
Dry
Moist
N/A
Stubble Cover:
15%
15%
75%
Paddock History, 2015:
Oaten Hay
-
-
Paddock History, 2014:
Oaten Hay
-
-
SITE AND DESIGN Treated Plot Width:
1.25m
Plot Centre:
2m
Treated Plot Length:
12m
Treated Plot Area:
15m2
HARVEST DETAILS Harvest Date:
16/01/2017
Harvest Width, Unit:
1.25m
Harvested Length, Unit:
10m
MAINTENANCE FERTILISER No.
Date
Product Name
Description
Rate
Rate Unit
1
22/04/2016
Sulphate of Ammonia
Topdressed
100.0
kg/ha
2
2/05/2016
Sulphate of Ammonia
Topdressed
100.0
kg/ha
3
31/05/2016
Sulphate of Ammonia
Topdressed
100.0
kg/ha
4
14/07/2016
UAN
Foliar Topdress - TOS 1 (GS 32)
100.0
L/ha
5
27/07/2016
UAN
Foliar Topdress - TOS 2 (GS 27-31)
100.0
L/ha
6
24/08/2016
UAN
Foliar Topdress - TOS 3 (GS 29-31)
100.0
L/ha
42 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
CHEMICAL No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21
Date 18/04/2016 18/04/2016 18/04/2016 18/04/2016 31/05/2016 31/05/2016 31/05/2016 31/05/2016 28/06/2016 28/06/2016 28/06/2016 28/06/2016 24/08/2016 24/08/2016 24/08/2016 24/08/2016 24/08/2016 24/08/2016 2/09/2016 27/09/2016 20/10/2016 21/11/2016
Maintenance Product Name Weedmaster Argo Triflur X Avadex Xtra Pyrinex Super Roundup Ultra Max Triflur X Avadex Xtra Pyrinex Super Affinity Canvas 750 Lontrel Advance Weedmaster Roundup Hammer Deluge Lontrel Advance Affinity Agritone 750 Bumper 625 Soprano Bumper 625 Gladiator
Description Knockdown IBS IBS PSPE Knockdown IBS IBS PSPE Maintenance - TOS 1 (GS 31) + TOS 2 (GS21-23) Maintenance - TOS 1 (GS 31) + TOS 2 (GS21-23) Maintenance - TOS 1 (GS 31) + TOS 2 (GS21-23) Maintenance - Site Clean Pathways Pathways Pathways Maintenance - GS 29-31 Maintenance - GS 29-31 Maintenance - GS 29-31 Maintenance - GS 39-55 Maintenance - GS 39-65 Maintenance - GS 60-70 Maintenance - GS 75-90
Rate 2.0 2.0 2.0 500.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 100.0 330.0 50.0 2.0 3.0 40.0 200.0 50.0 100.0 330.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 2.0
Rate Unit L/ha L/ha L/ha mL/ha L/ha L/ha L/ha L/ha mL/ha mL/ha mL/ha L/ha L/ha mL/ha mL/100L mL/ha mL/ha mL/ha mL/ha mL/ha mL/ha L/ha
TREATMENTS Trt No.
Treatment Name
Rate
Rate Unit
Appl Code
Appl Description
1
Mace
90
kg/ha
A
T1: 18th April
2
Sceptre
90
kg/ha
A
T1: 18th April
3
RAC2341
90
kg/ha
A
T1: 18th April
4
Trojan
90
kg/ha
A
T1: 18th April
5
Cutlass
90
kg/ha
A
T1: 18th April
6
Mace
90
kg/ha
B
T2: 2nd May
7
Sceptre
90
kg/ha
B
T2: 2nd May
8
RAC2341
90
kg/ha
B
T2: 2nd May
9
Trojan
90
kg/ha
B
T2: 2nd May
10
Cutlass
90
kg/ha
B
T2: 2nd May
11
Mace
90
kg/ha
C
T3: 31st May
12
Sceptre
90
kg/ha
C
T3: 31st May
13
RAC2341
90
kg/ha
C
T3: 31st May
14
Trojan
90
kg/ha
C
T3: 31st May
15
Cutlass
90
kg/ha
C
T3: 31st May
WEATHER DATA Observations were drawn from Roseworthy AWS Station No. 23122. (Above average rainfall for the region in 2016) Yields in this trial were dependant on weather conditions. TOS 1 emerged from a dry start in mid-late April and survived early growing stages through May in very little moisture. TOS 2 emerged alongside about 10mm of rain in early May and TOS 3, planted late May, emerged before more significant rainfall events continued throughout June and July. There was a significant frost event on 14/10/16 that most likely caused the poor yields of TOS 2.
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 43
WARRACKNABEAL, VIC
PRE-EMERGENT & EARLY POST EMERGENT GRASS CONTROL IN WHEAT
INTRODUCTION The trial conducted near Warracknabeal, VIC in 2016 evaluated the efficacy of existing and new chemistry on grass weeds and crop safety in wheat cv. Elmore. Herbicide application timing included incorporated by sowing (IBS) and post emergent application at growing stage 13-15. Results indicate that product choice and timing can impact early Brome grass control and wheat yield.
AIMS Evaluate a range of new and existing herbicides to determine the most suitable chemistry and application timing to reduce early competition from grass weed numbers.
44 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
RESULTS WEED CONTROL Table 1: Weed control and count of brome grass at 6 and 27 Days after treatment B was applied (DA-B) Contol % UTC Trt. No.
Treatment Name
1
Untreated
2
Sakura
3 4
Appl method
Count m2
6 DA-B
27 DA-B
6 DA-B
27DA-B
0.0f
0.0g
29.3ab
24.7b
118g/ha IBS
76.7ab
80.0a
3.3ef
6.7de
Sakura
118g/ha IBS
80.0a
73.3ab
4.7ef
6.0de
Trilogy
1500ml/ha IBS
Sakura
118g/ha IBS
86.7a
70.0abc
4.7ef
4.7e
Avadex Xtra
Rate
1600ml/ha IBS
5
F4050
500ml/ha IBS
18.3e
6.7g
26.7abc
26.7b
6
F4050
750ml/ha IBS
28.3de
3.3g
18.0bcd
26.7b
7
F4050
1000ml/ha IBS
18.3e
6.7g
32.7a
40.7a
8
Boxer Gold
2500ml/ha IBS
60.0bc
43.3ef
6.7def
16.0bcd
Trilogy
1500ml/ha IBS
Defiant
2500ml/ha IBS
58.3c
49.5def
15.3cde
22.0bc
Trilogy
1200ml/ha IBS
Triflur X
2000ml/ha IBS
70.0abc
53.3c-f
5.3def
12.0cde
Avadex Xtra
3000ml/ha IBS 71.7abc
66.7a-d
1.3f
6.0de
75.0abc
60.0b-e
3.3ef
8.7de
20.0e
55.0c-f
24.0abc
11.3cde
30.0de
38.3f
30.7ab
25.3b
38.3d
63.3a-d
31.3a
10.0de
35.0de
60.0b-e
30.7ab
6.0de
LSD
16.90
17.32
12.82
11.06
CV
21.15
22.75
45.91
41.89
9 10 11 12 13
Sakura
2000ml/ha IBS
Boxer Gold
2500ml/ha IBS
Avadex Xtra
2000ml/ha IBS
Atlantis OD Hasten
14 15
16
118g/ha IBS
Avadex Xtra
330ml/ha GS 13-15 1% v/v GS 13-15
Crusader
500ml/ha GS 13-15
BS1000
0.25% v/v GS 13-15
Rexade
100g/ha GS 13-15
LVE MCPA 570
500ml/ha GS 13-15
BS1000
0.25% v/v GS 13-15
Monza
25g/ha GS 13-15
Bonza
1% v/v GS 13-15
Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05,LSD) %UTC= percent relative to untreated check
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 45
WARRACKNABEAL, VIC
Weed Control % UTC at 27 DA-B 90 80 70
Control % UTC
60 50 40 30 IBS
20
GS 13-15
10 0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Treatment no. Figure 1: Weed control % UTC at 27 DA-B
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46 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
13
14
15
16
YIELD Table 2: Crop Yield at Harvest Trt. No.
Treatment Name
1
Untreated
2
Sakura
3
Rate
Appl method
Yield t/ha
Treatment cost ($/ha)
3.80gh
0
118g/ha IBS
4.83a-e
$55
Sakura Trilogy
118g/ha IBS 1500ml/ha IBS
4.57b-f
$68
4
Sakura Avadex Xtra
118g/ha IBS 1600ml/ha IBS
5.09ab
$78
5
F4050
500ml/ha IBS
3.88gh
$84
6
F4050
750ml/ha IBS
4.03fgh
$84
7
F4050
1000ml/ha IBS
3.60h
$84
8
Boxer Gold Trilogy
2500ml/ha IBS 1500ml/ha IBS
4.07fgh
$44
9
Defiant Trilogy
2500ml/ha IBS 1200ml/ha IBS
4.40c-g
$36
10
Triflur X Avadex Xtra
2000ml/ha IBS 3000ml/ha IBS
4.36d-g
$61
11
Sakura Avadex Xtra
118g/ha IBS 2000ml/ha IBS
4.66a-f
$84
12
Boxer Gold Avadex Xtra
2500ml/ha IBS 2000ml/ha IBS
4.82a-e
$60
13
Atlantis OD Hasten
330ml/ha GS 13-15 1% v/v GS 13-15
4.87a-d
$43
14
Crusader BS1000
500ml/ha GS 13-15 0.25% v/v GS 13-15
4.20e-h
$39
15
Rexade LVE MCPA 570 BS1000
100g/ha GS 13-15 500ml/ha GS 13-15 0.25% v/v GS 13-15
5.25a
$44
16
Monza Bonza
25g/ha GS 13-15 1% v/v GS 13-15
5.01abc
$14
LSD CV
0.656 8.81
Note: Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05,LSD) t/ha= tonne per hectare Treatment costs ($/ha) are an indication only. Experimental treatments have been priced equal to the most expensive treatment in the trial.
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 47
WARRACKNABEAL, VIC
Figure 2: Crop Yield at Harvest (t/ha) and return on investment ($) for each treatment compared to the Untreated
Wheat yield (t/ha) and ROI ($/ha) compared to untreated 6 $182
5
Yield (t/ha)
4
$290
$219 $101 -$65 -$31
$0
-$130
$18
$102
$114
$175
$203
$68
$265
$53
3 2 1 0
IBS GS 13-15 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Treatment no.
CONCLUSION/SUMMARY In this trial: • Low levels of phytotoxicity were observed at 27 DA-B for the combination of Monza and Bonza, but these were not significant. All treatments were safe to apply to the wheat crop under the conditions of the trial. • Early assessments showed treatments containing Sakura, as well as Avadex Xtra in combination with Trifluralin and Boxer Gold gave high levels of early brome grass control. These treatments continued to be the most effective and provided low brome grass numbers when assessed at 27 DA-B. • The post emergent treatments of Rexade plus LVE MCPA 570 with BS1000 and Monza plus Bonza were both effective at controlling brome grass by 27 DA-B. • F4050 gave a low level of early brome grass control, but was ineffective by 27 DA-B. • Treatments of Sakura plus Avadex Xtra, Rexade plus LVE MCPA 570 with BS1000, and Monza plus Bonza all gave yields of over 5 t/ha, compared to 3.8 t/ha for the untreated control. • Treatments containing F4050 did not give any yield increase when compared with the untreated control.
PROTOCOL INFORMATION CROP DESCRIPTION Common Name:
Wheat
Variety:
Elmore
Planting Date:
23/05/2016
Planting Method:
Knifepoint Press Wheel
Planting Equipment:
Single Plot Agronomy Seeder
Planting Rate:
80 kg/ha
Depth, Unit:
2 cm
Row Spacing, Unit:
23 cm
No. Rows:
6
Soil Moisture:
Moist
Seed Bed:
Moist
Stubble Cover:
15
Paddock History, 2015:
Lentils
48 | Elders Technology Demonstration Site
SITE AND DESIGN Treated Plot Width:
1.38 m
Plot Centre:
2m
Treated Plot Length:
12 m
Treated Plot Area:
16.56 m2
HARVEST DETAILS Harvest Date:
12/1/2017
Harvest Width, Unit:
1.38 m
Harvested Length, Unit:
10 m
MAINTENANCE Date
Maintenance Product Name
Rate
Rate Unit
23/05/2016
Croplift 19
80.0kg/ha
Below seed
23/05/2016
Sprayseed
2.5L/ha
Knockdown
27/08/2016
Roundup
3.0L/ha
Pathways
27/08/2016
Hammer
40.0mL/ha
Pathways
27/08/2016
Deluge
200.0mL/ha
Pathways
01/09/2016
Urea
100.0kg/ha
Topdress- GS 31
Application Timing
Application Date
Treatment A
IBS
23/05/2016
Treatment B
GS 13-15
28/06/2016
T R E ATM E N T S W E R E A S S E S S E D B A S E D O N T H E F O LLO W I N G : Notations Used UTC = untreated check DA-B = Days after treatment B GS = Growing stage as per BBCH scoring system Crop Phytotoxicity A percentage level of phytotoxicity was observed for each treatment at 6 and 27 DA-B. Percentage control A subjective score was given based on the level of weed control as compared to the untreated control plots at 6 and 27 DA-B. Weed Count The number of weeds from a 1m2 sample was counted within four replicate treatment plots and the resulting numbers converted to a number of plants per square meter. Yield Weights of crop at harvest were recorded at kg/plot, then converted to t/ha. Return on Investment Treatment yield (t/ha) was multiplied by the 2016/2017 Wheat bid price at Warracknabeal silos of $230.00/t to give a gross income ($/ha). The treatment cost was then subtracted from this gross income figure to give an indication dollar return ($/ha) for each treatment. Finally, the dollar return from the untreated control was subtracted from each treatmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dollar return in order to compare the difference between treating and not treating the plot.
Elders Technology Demonstration Site | 49
WARRACKNABEAL, VIC
W E AT H E R D ATA Grower Season Rainfall – 1st April – 30th October = 383.7mm Annual Rainfall - January – December 30th 2016 = 484mm
2016 vs Long Term (LT) Mean Rainfall 160
500
140
450 400
Rainfall (mm)
120
350
100
300
80
250 200
60
150
40
100
20
50
0
Jan
2016 Monthly
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Long Term Mean
Jun
2016 Cumulative
(Source: Warracknabeal Museum, VIC – Bureau of Meteorology)
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Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Cumulative Mean
0