CM October Issue 2021

October 2021

Volume VIII Issue XII

INSIDE

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CONCRETE BATCHING PLANTS Lubricants Mining Industry Scaffoldings & Formwork Crushing & Sandwashing Roads & Highways Smart Cities

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Pages 98

October 2021

Volume VIII Issue XII

Pages 98

INSIDE

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CONCRETE BATCHING PLANTS Lubricants Mining Industry Scaffoldings & Formwork Crushing & Sandwashing Roads & Highways Smart Cities

Dear Readers!

No. DELENG/2013/53728. lish . Monthly. Date of Publication 7th of Every Month

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Editor Anjali

Sub Editor Shipranshu Pandey Roopal Chaurasia

Editorial Advisor Priyanka Roy Chaudhary

Design & Production Pankaj Rawat Mukesh Kumar Sah

National Business Head-India Subhash Chandra s.chandra@constructionmirror.com

Business Head-West & South Pradeep Kumar pradeep.k@constructionmirror.com

As many as 483 infrastructure projects, each worth Rs 150 crore or more have been hit by cost overruns totalling more than Rs 4.43 lakh crore. The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation monitors infrastructure projects worth Rs 150 crore and above.

Reasons for time overruns as reported by various project implementing agencies include delay in land acquisition, delay in obtaining forest and environment clearances, and lack of infrastructure support and linkages. Delay in tie-up for project financing, delay in finalisation of detailed engineering, change in scope, delay in tendering, ordering and equipment supply, and law and order problems are among the other reasons.

Cited state-wise lockdowns due to COVID-19 as a reason for the delay in implementation of these projects. This edition of Construction Mirror is filled with some industry related articles such as Concrete batching plant, Lubricants, Mining industry, Scaffolding & Formwork, Crushing & Sand washing, Road & highways etc.

Stay Home, Stay Safe…

We wish you a Happy Reading…

Thank you, Please give us your feedback at editor@constructionmirror.com For more details check out our Website: www.constructionmirror.com & you can also visit our facebook page www.facebook.com/constructionmirror

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All rights reserved by all events are made to ensure that the information published is correct; Construction Mirror holds no responsibility any unlikely errors that might occur.

Printed, published and owned by Usha, Published from 13/455, Block No. 13, Trilok Puri, Delhi-110091 and printed at Bright Tree, C-40, Gate No.-4, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020.

E-mail: brighttreesolutions@gmail.com CONSTRUCTION MIR ROR || October 2021 || Editor: Anjali

Editor

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|| October 2021 ||

CONSTRUCTION MIR ROR

Cover Story

26

All you need to know about concrete batching plants Special Feature

36

Importance of Lubricants in Construction Industry

Industry Feature

44

Mining will take on new forms in 2021 Press Release MB Crusher

10

Sany

12

Infomerics Rating

14

ELGI

15

BKT

GreenPly

16

Special Focus

52

Different Types of Formwork and Scaffoldings Used in Construction Industry

18

Special Theme Guest Article Vetro Tech

88

Jindal Aluminium

90

Crushing and Sandwashing; Providing Material to Create Infrastructure

Industry Focus Advertisement Index

92

Event Diary

94

60

68

Smart Roads & Transportation

Industry Theme

78

‘Smart cities’ are being evolved and developed for turning into the centers of investment

Press Release

EVERYTHING

COMES IN THREES! MB Crusher presents three new models of sorting grapples Pythagoras once said that 3 is a perfect number.

To satisfy many construction sites, MB Crusher manufactured three new grapples, designed, and built with the company’s philosophy in mind: to simplify the work on-site, reduce the time spent processing material, and save on operational costs. We ensured our grapples could work in multiple application areas: handling logs, stones, debris, poles, positioning stones for drywall, clearing branches, etc.

Press release

THE IRISH TWINS: THE TWO SMALL GRAPPLES FOR MB-G1000, FOR EXCAVATORS WEIGHING FROM 36,000 MINI AND MIDI EXCAVATORS TO 50,000 POUNDS

10

The new models are designed for smaller excavators: the MB-G350 and the MB-G450.

The former weighs 187.4 pounds and is compatible with mini excavators weighing from 2,600 pounds to 5,200 pounds.

The latter weighs 644 pounds and can be installed on midi excavators weighing 6,000 pounds to 12,000 pounds.

Small and compact, versatile and safe, agile and precise, both grapples have a wider opening than any of the other grapples on the market: despite being small, they can still pick up and handle large materials. They are equipped with a fall prevention valve, guaranteeing safety on the job site. The parts prone to wear are made of Hardox steel.

Both models are designed to have an electrical kit installed for dual-acting hydraulics: this way, the two grapples can utilize 360° rotation even with mini excavators that only have two hoses.

Like the larger models, the MB-G450 sorting grapple comes with interchangeable blades, which can be flipped around, extending the life of the blades. Finally, both units have two versions: with or without a rotation turret.

Both grapples can have accessories installed to simplify managing materials: the clamshell kit is perfect when collecting and handling small material, picking up soil, gravel, and sand. The multi-purpose blade kit helps pick up oddly shaped materials. For the MB-G450 sorting grapple, you can install the tilting lift rubber protection kit to manage angular blocks and delicate material.

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Weighing at 3560.47 pounds and has a load capacity of 0.44 m3 /440L for versatile, compact, and reliable equipment: the new MB-G1000 grapple was explicitly designed for heavy work. Due to the work, the unit has been reinforced without losing its agility and ease of use.

There are two new features that are now the standard: the dual motor, which allows for greater rotation and closing force, and the balancing valves installed on the hydraulic cylinder, allowing the unit to be more precise when handling materials.

This new model also comes with an inclined plate, allowing the unit to work regardless of the angle, and has the 360° hydraulic rotation, allowing the grapple to pick up materials in all working conditions efficiently.

It’s also equipped with a safety valve, preventing accidental openings if the excavator’s pressure drops.

There’s also a silent block, allowing the unit to work in areas where you need to be mindful of the noise.

Depending on the work, the MB-G1000 model can be equipped with various accessories: the grip improvement kit for the blades, allowing the unit to handle materials with a better grip and greater control, perfect for materials of particular weight and shapes. The multi-purpose blade kit consists of a double blade: one side has teeth while the other is smooth. Another accessory is the tilted lift rubber protection kit, which handles angular block or delicate material. Lastly, there’s the clamshell kit to collect and handle small materials. CM || www.constructionmirror.com ||

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Press Release

Press release

Sany India Inaugurates new paint shop at Chakan, Pune

Sany India, a global leader in the construction equipment industry has inaugurated a new ultra-modern ‘paint shop’ at its state-of-the-art manufacturing plant at Chakan, Pune recently.

The new paint shop building has been built up in a total area of 4504.96 sq meters and is equipped with a fully autonomous system which can easily paint 11excavators & 1 truck crane in one shift of 9 hours.

The inauguration was done Deepak Garg, Managing Director – Sany India & South Asia in the esteemed presence of senior leadership team.

Mr. Dheeraj Panda, Director of Sales, Marketing& Customer Support of Sany Heavy Industry India Pvt. Ltd, said, “In pursuit of quality and commitment to deliver the best product to our customers, we have inaugurated a new paint shop at Sany India Chakan facility. The new paint shop would

certainly help us further improve the paint quality of our products. The development is also a result of our continuous efforts towards localization and backward integration.”

“The new paint shop is a key component of our growth trajectory, which will allow us to increase our production and meet the customers demand more efficiently. At the same time, it will also further create more jobs for locals at Sany’s manufacturing plant, in Pune,” he added.

Spread across 84 acres of land with a manufacturing capacity of 7,000 machines, the state-of-the-art unit has an integrated facility with modern manufacturing equipment, testing facilities, R&D centre& training centre all under one roof. It’s noteworthy that by opening the new paint shop at Sany India Chakan Facility, the manufacturer has further raised the benchmark in the Indian (CE) market. CM

Cement production to take a hit due to shortage of coal, pet coke: SICMA

The South Indian Cement Manufacturers Association on Thursday said it expects cement production likely to be badly hit as there has been an unprecedented increase in the cost of imported coal and 'pet coke'. The trade body representing the cement manufacturers of the southern parts of the country said even high priced coal or pet coke was not available due to shortage of vessels and SICMA anticipates there could be further increase in the cost of coal.

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"Under these circumstances, it is likely that cement production itself will be badly hit. It is estimated that the resultant increase in production cost can be a minimum of Rs 60 per bag", SICMA said in a press release.

It was difficult to predict a further increase in fuel cost or capacity utilization can be achieved at the manufacturing facilities by the cement makers in near future, it added. CM

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Press Release

Private sector participation in infrastructure development encouraging, but innovative financing holds the key: Infomerics

Press release

• • •

Regional imbalances and uneven growth accentuated during 2020-21 Banks and FIs need to step up mobilizing financial resources Growing private sector participation is a positive sign

India’s infrastructure development has witnessed growing private sector participation in 2020-21 according to Infomerics Valuation and Rating Pvt Ltd, the noted SEBI-registered and RBI-accredited financial services credit rating company. However, requirements of infrastructure have surged because of inadequate coverage and service level, poor service quality, institutional delinquencies and high administrative costs, among other factors.

These are among the major findings of the Roads and Highways Industry Report: Trends and Prospects report released today by Infomerics Valuation and Rating Pvt Ltd. The report has revealed that while infrastructure financing underwent a paradigm shift in the post-reforms period, there is still a fair distance to traverse. There are also issues of poor maintenance and cost recovery, unsustainable resource management practices, high investment needs and project costs and low priority accorded to certain basic services.

Whie releasing the report, xxx, name and designation, Infomerics Valuation and Rating Pvt Ltd said, “The report notes that the evolving pattern of the level of basic infrastructure indicates accentuation of regional imbalances and associated spatially uneven patterns in infrastructure across States because of deeply ingrained historical, demographic, structural and institutional factors, infusion of large and continuous investment and divergent priority of different State Governments.”

Key highlights of the Roads and Highways Industry Report: Trends and Prospects report released today

by Infomerics Valuation and Rating Pvt Ltd include:

Challenges

The Infomerics report states that given the control of a single bank/ financial institution in meeting all the credit requirements of a large project, syndication of lenders is usually resorted to. The issue of securing synergies in technology and infrastructure also provided an impetus to the rapid move to convergence. It is desirable to orchestrate the flow of the production cycle across a wide spectrum and provide an impetus to the growth process through increased private sector investment in infrastructure to broaden growth horizons.

The report delineates the catalytic role of banks and financial institutions because debt constrains infrastructural projects. All variants of the basic 14

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approach, viz., Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), DesignBuild-Finance-Operate (DBFO), Build-Own-OperateTransfer (BOOT), Build-Transfer-Lease-Operate (BTLO), Build-Own-Operate-Sell (BOOS), LeaseRefurbish-Operate-Transfer (LROT) stress the role of the government as a limited regulator in respect of safety, security, environment, etc. with the flexibility to developers regarding fixation and collection of tariff, suitable manpower policies, area development, operation and marketing of its facilities and finalisation of means of finance and structure of the project finance.

The way ahead

The Infomerics report recommends that banks and financial institutions have to become instrumental in mobilising domestic savings with innovative instruments - with differentiation in price-periodhedge against inflation, legal statutory relaxation, exit options and deepening of the secondary market to provide momentum to the growth process.

Renewed focus on the role of banks and financial institutions in infrastructure financing could overcome the constraints of the development process, the report states. The incentives need to be changed, through commercial management, competition and stakeholder involvement by the two approaches of the Concession and the Structured Financing Option (SFO) to planning, development, management and financing of infrastructure projects.

It further emphasizes the need to tap the capital market through an innovative credit rating system, launching of innovative borrowing instruments, development of an active secondary market in such securitised assets, as also greater rigour and marketoriented lending activities by these institutions.

The report recommends “Putting in place and significantly upscaling innovative infrastructure financing mechanisms, restructuring and regulatory reform progresses, monitoring and evaluation systems to track unfolding developments and effect mid-course correction, where ever necessary”.

It states “Dichotomy between social and private costs (and benefits) necessitates the selection of projects not justified based on the conventional and extended cost-benefit techniques to avoid both the monopolistic abuses of infrastructure operations and the vagaries of the market”. CM || www.constructionmirror.com ||

Leading Brake Pad Manufacturer Reduces Energy Consumption With Game-Changing Compressed Air Solution From ELGi A 600kW turnkey solution comprising large EG-series air compressors, air dryers and oil-waterseparators ensures reliable and efficient production, reduced energy consumption and lower maintenance costs

compressed air solutions,” said Steven Coombs, Area Sales Manager. “Partnering with CAPS in this game-changing installation helped us provide our customer with the lowest life cycle cost through reduced maintenance requirements and energy savings.”

“Our efficient air compressors and air dryers are accompanied by best-in-class warranty eliminating unexpected repair costs due to breakdowns,” said Mark Gowing, Service & Aftermarket Manager – UK and Ireland. "At ELGi, we reaffirm our commitment to reliability by providing customers with robust warranty agreements and, in this case, the maintenance team will benefit from a service plan covering all associated service work on the compressed air system.”

The robust design of the EG-Series compressor range enables operations at extreme temperatures – from cold to hot and from dry to extremely humid conditions, leading overall to higher reliability of the compressed air system across Europe. ELGi's high-efficiency air ends are equipped with in-house developed η-V profile rotors, with the 4/5 lobe combination, designed to run at low rotor speeds. This unique design reduces pressure losses, and together with the OSBIC (oil separation by impact and centrifugal action), 3-stage separation provides best-in-class oil contamination reduction (<1ppm) and excellent energy efficiency. CM

Australia resources minister floats A$250 bln coal lending facility Australia's resources minister has proposed setting up a government-run A$250 billion ($180 billion) lending facility for the country's coal industry in return for supporting a net zero carbon emissions target for 2050, he said on Thursday.

Resources minister Keith Pitt, a member of the junior coalition partner National Party, told the Australian Financial Review his idea was for the government to be the "lender of last resort" to the mining sector as banks and insurers are increasingly unwilling to fund and underwrite the industry.

Prime Minister Scott Morrison has come under increasing pressure to adopt a zero emissions target, but has been stymied by opposition from the party's junior partner. Pitt's proposal is a first sign of what || www.constructionmirror.com ||

Press release

ELGi Compressors Europe, a subsidiary of ELGi Equipments Limited, one of the world’s leading air compressor manufacturers, has provided a turnkey solution to a global brake pad manufacturer based in Hartlepool, United Kingdom. ELGi, together with its authorised channel partner Compressors and Pipework Systems (CAPS), replaced the existing compressed air system resulting in improved operational efficiency, reduced site air pressure by 0.5 bar and an approximate 3.5% decrease in energy consumption.

The brake pad manufacturer sought to modernise their compressed air system due to reliability issues that led to increased maintenance costs and downtime.

ELGi’s team conducted a site audit to evaluate the compressed air needs and developed a tailor-made solution for the British manufacturer. CAPS’ proposal comprised four new ELGi air compressors (two EG132 Premium and two EG160 VFD Premium), two highly efficient refrigerated air dryers, high-quality aluminium pipework and oil-water-separators. The customer immediately realised a reduction in energy consumption and a much smoother running system with no interruptions or unexpected downtime.

"At ELGi, our definition of Always Better is closely coupled with our vision: Always be the choice everywhere. We pride ourselves on addressing our customer's needs with comprehensive and tailor-made

that support might cost.

Morrison said on Thursday he will advise his government's position on cutting emission before he goes to the COP26 conference in Glasgow, but it's not clear he will attend the global climate meeting.

Attendees have been asked to bring ambitious emissions reduction targets.

The loan facility proposal was not a policy of the National Party, which represents rural Australians for whom jobs in coal producing regions are a major concern, but it was up for discussion, Nationals leader Barnaby Joyce told ABC Radio.

"No matter what happens, we need to find a way to fund the resources sector and provide insurance," Pitt told the Australian Financial Review. CM || October 2021 ||

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Press Release

42 GIANT

Press release

EARTHMAX SR 468 BKT TIRES FOR THE SECL MINE

16

With this important order in India, the Off-Highway tire manufacturing Group confirms its position as a key player in the OTR industry. Also in the Giant segment.

BKT today announces an important order in the OTR sector, with the supply of 42 giant EARTHMAX SR 468 tires, in the 40.00 R 57 size, to SECL (South Eastern Coalfields Ltd.). This is a mining company owned by the Indian Government's Ministry of Coal.

The first batch of 6 tires made for SECL has already been shipped, while further 2 batches will reach the customer within a week.

This is an important milestone which consolidates BKT's positioning in the mining sector, confirming the Group as a key player for the OTR industry.

EARTHMAX SR 468 is the 57" tire – the largest ever made by BKT – manufactured at the BKT plant in Bhuj, India, and designed to equip rigid dump trucks operating in the most hostile conditions.

This huge tire is characterized by being particularly

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resistant to attacks and punctures, thanks to the All Steel structure and it is therefore suitable, for rough and muddy terrain. Winning features of the EARTHMAX SR 468 are the special tread design and its compound, both created to limit the heat generated.

The E-4 tread depth provides extreme resistance in highly challenging conditions.

This order, featuring this exceptionally sized tire, rewards the group's willingness to enter and invest in the Giant segment, a choice driven by the requests and feedback, which the brand receives directly from users every day.

With its offer of over 2,700 tires, BKT will therefore continue to develop new solutions in this segment too in order to meet all the needs and requirements of professionals in the industry. CM

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BKT INAUGURATES ITS NEW PRODUCTION PLANT IN WALUJ The pandemic has not stopped the new BKT project, which was realized in complete safety with a total investment of $ 56 million.

The site is capable of producing 30,000 MT of Off-Highway tires per year.

Trial production has started at BKT's new state-of the-art site in Waluj, in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

Result of a $ 56 million investment, its annual production capacity is around 30,000 MT of Off-Highway tires.

There would be around 500 people working at this plant, when it’s on full capacity, and at the plant will be manufactured medium and small diameter tires, designed for machinery operating in the agricultural and industrial industries.

For BKT this new plant is a strategic choice which not only increases its production, but also makes it more efficient.

The site, spread over 22 acres, is in fact a new greenfield plant located, at just 5 km from BKT’s existing and first ever production facility in Waluj, which was opened in the year 1987. || www.constructionmirror.com ||

The project focused on the construction of a cutting-edge plant from both a structural and mechanical point of view and on the reorganization of departments and work flows for maximum efficiency.

With the foundation stone laid in June 2019, this site arose during the pandemic. BKT was determined to ensure the safety of all those working on the project before continuing with its realization. However, the health emergency did not curb BKT's desire to move forward, with a positive message to the market: "it can be done", while of course fulfilling all the due safety requirements.

As always, the company aims high and intends to expand its share of the Off-Highway market, following a philosophy summarized as follows by Arvind Poddar, BKT Chairman and Managing Director : "Growth is our commitment. Looking ahead is our constant goal. A company which cannot look boldly towards its future is like a person who cannot dream". CM || October 2021 ||

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Press Release

Greenply commemorates Zero Emission Day; Takes the opportunity to bring to light the seriousness of IAQ and the necessary step to take

Press release

• Greenply has acquired international accreditation from California Air Resource Board (CARB) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to meet the global product standards when it comes to health and safety • Extended the E-0 innovation from the premium portfolio to the mid-range portfolio • Greenply is also undertaken considerable investment on R&D, toxicology studies to spread consumer awareness on indoor air quality (IAQ). They are also under process of developing the AskGreenply platform to share information and create awareness on indoor air quality

When we talk about emission or pollution, it is usually what goes on outside of buildings and dwellings. However, over the years the indoor air pollution has turned just as lethal as the outdoor air.

According to the Environment Protection Act, 1986, levels of indoor air pollutants are 2-5 times higher than outdoor levels. In some cases, these levels can exceed the outdoor levels of the same pollutants 100 times. One of the primary contributing factors of emission is formaldehyde which is emitted from the resin used in building and furnishing materials like paints, furniture, plywood etc. The emissions have short term to long term effects ranging from nausea, coughing, fatigue, headache to COPD or lung cancer in rare cases.

Greenply Industries have always been in forefront driving product innovations, ensuring a steady supply of health safe products to its discerning consumers. The company is the first one in the wood & panel industry to introduce a range of Zero Emission (E-0) plywoods to safeguard the indoor air quality by reducing formaldehyde emission to negligible or equal to zero. The company not

only intend to offer products that stand the test of strength and durability but meet the global standards when it comes to health safety. To this effect, Greenply have also acquired international accreditation from California Air Resource Board (CARB) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Greenply has taken upon the responsibility to address the problem of indoor air pollution by extending the E-0 innovation from the premium portfolio to the mid-range portfolio as health safety should be a priority for all and Greenply aims to create healthy homes Remarking on the initiative, Mr. Manoj Tulsian, Joint Managing Director & CEO, Greenply Industries Limited said, “The company has made considerable investments on implementing the E-0 innovation across its manufacturing units towards R&D, testing mechanism, resin formulation and implementation. The company is currently investing in further research through various toxicology studies and health experts. The Company is further in the process of developing the AskGreenply platform to share information and create awareness on the need to keep the indoor air quality (IAQ) under check.” CM

Coal crisis for thermal power plants now could be good news for India later The acute coal crisis for thermal power plants could be good news in the long run. Domestic coal production has more or less plateaued; instead of trying to fill the gap with imports, which are expensive, the government would do well to move ahead with transitioning to natural gas for power production.

Consultancy firm Deloitte has said it will be immensely difficult for Coal India (CIL), the state-owned monopoly producer, to reach an annual production level of one billion tonnes by 2024. The report was commissioned by former coal minister Piyush Goyal. CM 18

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News

News of the month

Depleting coal stock leads to crisis in thermal power stations in TN

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The Thermal power stations of the Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Ltd (Tangedo) are facing a crisis following the depletion of coal supply.

The state government-run Power Corporation has already approached both Coal India Ltd as well as the Ministry of Power to overcome this crisis that is looming large over the state.

According to the Tangedo officials, the state has coal

stock for only four days of generation of power and this would lead to an unprecedented crisis in power generation and the department has requested Coal India to supply a minimum quantity of the raw material for power generation.

There has been a shortage in the coal supply since the last week of September in Tamil Nadu and Tangedo's five power stations in Mettur, Tuticorin and North Chennai are reeling under shortage of coal, the raw material for power generation in the thermal sector.

The consumption of coal, according to a senior Tangedo official, on Wednesday was 60,265 tonnes in all the thermal power stations, the supply was only 36,255 tonnes. The balance stock, according to the official, was only 1.92 lakh tonnes and will last only for four days at the maximum if half the present quantity of coal is used for power generation.

The state's hydropower generation has increased to 12 million units on Wednesday and renewable energy sources are also being tapped to generate power. CM

China digs in on coal, oil gains as energy crisis deepens on gas cost China ordered miners in Inner Mongolia to ramp up coal production and oil prices jumped on Friday as a record surge in the cost of gas revived demand for the most polluting fossil fuels to keep factories open and homes heated.

The rebound in economic activity from coronavirus restrictions has exposed alarmingly low supplies of natural gas leaving traders, industry executives and governments scrambling as the northern hemisphere heads into winter.

The energy crisis which has led to fuel shortages and blackouts in some countries, has highlighted the difficulty in cutting the global economy's dependency on fossil fuels as world leaders seek to revive efforts to tackle climate change at talks next month in Glasgow.

In China, where coal production had been curtailed to meet climate goals, officials have ordered more than 70 coal mines in Inner Mongolia to ramp up production by nearly 100 million tonnes or 10%, as the world's largest exporter battles its worst power shortages in years.

Russia's Gazprom, a key supplier of gas to China,

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calmed fears that a fire at a major gas processing plant could worsen the situation, saying it was able to continue exporting gas to China as normal.

India, the second largest coal consumer after China, is also suffering electricity outages because of a lack of coal with over half of its coal-fired power plants having less than three days worth of fuel stocks, data from the federal grid operator showed. CM || www.constructionmirror.com ||

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News

News of the month

Ashok Leyland launched AVTR 4825 Tipper truck with 'dual tyre lift axle' and heavy-duty bogie suspension

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Commercial vehicle maker Ashok Leyland launched AVTR 4825 Tipper truck with 'dual tyre lift axle' and heavy-duty bogie suspension. Launched on the latest AVTR modular platform with 29-cubic metre load body, the new tipper truck is powered by the company's iGen6 technology 186-Kw engine, Ashok Leyland said.

It comes bundled with digital solutions like

i-Alert (advanced telematics), remote diagnostics, supported by 24x7 customer assistance Uptime Solution Centre, according to a statement.

Anuj Kathuria, chief operating officer of Ashok Leyland, said, "With the launch of AVTR 4825 Tipper with bogie suspension, which is the latest addition in the AVTR range, we continue to maintain the lead in terms of technology and innovation, for our customers."

The all-new bogie suspension adds an integral layer of strength and reliability, which is crucial to the tough operating environment of tippers, he said.

Built on the innovative modular platform AVTR, the customers will have the opportunity to customise their truck based on load, terrain, application and other operational requirements, Kathuria said.

Customisation options are offered for engine and driveline aggregates, load body, cabin and other features to suit industries such as mining, infrastructure, and construction, he added. CM

Larsen & Toubro (L&T) construction arm has bagged 'significant' orders across various business segments Infrastructure company Larsen & Toubro (L&T) construction arm has bagged 'significant' orders across various business segments in the domestic and international market. The company did not provide the value of the contracts, but said the orders fall under the "significant" category, which ranges between Rs 1,000 crore and Rs 2,500 crore, according to the classification of contracts.

"L&T Construction, the construction arm of L&T, has won a slew of orders in India and abroad for its various businesses," the company said in a statement.

The company's buildings and factories business has secured an order to construct multi-level parking and advocates chambers for the High Court at Allahabad, it said. The project is scheduled to be completed in 27 months.

The power transmission and distribution business has bagged an order for the turnkey construction of a sub-station in Saudi Arabia.

The smart world and communication business has bagged yet another Smart City project.

The project has been awarded by the Moradabad

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Smart City Limited to design, develop, implement, and manage the operations and maintenance of a Command-and-Control Centre, CCTV surveillance, smart traffic solutions, and to integrate various ICT components with an Integrated Command and Control Center Platform for Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh.

Shares of Larsen & Toubro were trading at Rs 1,666.60 a piece on BSE, up 1.77 per cent over its previous close. CM || www.constructionmirror.com ||

Greaves Cotton is enabling vendors, contractors and buyers as they launch their own new light construction equipment range Greaves Cotton is enabling vendors, contractors and buyers as they launch their own new light construction equipment range - Greaves RelioPro. The products are available at a competitive price across the country at multiple touch points. The new entity comes under Greaves non-automotive engine business.

The light construction industry necessitates equipment that is rugged, capable of heavy-duty jobs, and able to run constantly, Greaves RelioPro promises all that and much more with a robust after sales service network. The line of products includes concrete vibrators, concrete cutters, power trowels, plate compactors, walk-behind-rollers & ride-on-roller, enabling higher productivity and low cost of ownership.

Sunil Shahi, CEO, Greaves Engines & non-automotive business, Greaves Cotton, said, “We're excited to introduce Greaves RelioPro,

a new line of light construction equipment that focuses on performance, consistency, and ownership. To achieve greater efficiency in the country's booming construction industry, we seek to supply our customers with best-in-class, high-quality products.”

The construction industry in India is considered one of the largest in terms of volume, and the need for sophisticated and light equipment for the sector is constantly growing.

New range is designed to save time and money while delivering high-quality results. 1 year warranty, live demo services as available PAN India, digital hour meter, high compaction force, fully hydrostatic drive to rollers, high tensile rubber shock absorbers, water tank for concrete cutters & roller and attractive offers further distinguish Greaves as a leader in the organised construction equipment segment. CM

Tata Hitachi launched TL340H Prime, its new CEV-4 (BS4) compliant wheel loader Tata Hitachi launched TL340H Prime, its new CEV-4 (BS4) compliant wheel loader. The next generation wheel loader from the company promises reliability, low cost of operation and higher profits, the company said in a release.

This latest offering helps in reducing fuel consumption by as much as 20% on the back of several factors, claims the company. It is based on Tata Hitachi’s in-house Hydrostatic technology, which uses hydraulic flow for forward and reverse movements. This is similar to the mechanism used in excavators, thereby eliminating the need for transmission. Further, a Variable Displacement pump optimises hydraulic oil flow based on the load. It is powered by a fuel efficient CEV-4 compliant four-cylinder Cummins engine.

In terms of productivity and loading efficiency, TL340H Prime offers an optimal dump height and reach, Tata Hitachi said. This helps in loading high-capacity trucks as well as loading material in the centre of the truck for better spread. The machine also comes equipped with an array of bucket options to handle a variety of material such as coal, limestone, iron ore and blue metal, || www.constructionmirror.com ||

among others.

“TL340H Prime comes with the promise of reliability, low cost of operation and higher profits, thereby offering complete peace of mind to the customer. And this machine is also more environmentally friendly by virtue of being CEV-4 compliant,” Sandeep Singh, managing director, Tata Hitachi, said.

TL340H Prime comes with an ergonomically designed operator's cabin which is equipped with a new multicoloured digital cluster that displays a host of machine information. The cabin is also equipped with a new bucket type suspension seat which ensures that the operator is more productive and is able to operate the machine without any fatigue.

Equipped with standard front guard and compliant with Level-1 FOPS, the cabin is built to enhance operator safety. In addition, it features the hydraulic braking feature that improves the machine's brake response. TL340H Prime equipped with Tata Hitachi's telematics system, InSite that provides live data on machine location, HMR, fuel level and machine utilisation. CM || October 2021 ||

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News

News of the month

India coal crisis brews as power demand surges, record global prices bite

Indian utilities are scrambling to secure coal supplies as inventories hit critical lows after a surge in power demand from industries and sluggish imports due to record global prices push power plants to the brink.

Over half of India's 135 coal-fired power plants have fuel stocks of less than three days, government data shows, far short of federal guidelines recommending supplies of at least two weeks.

Prices of power-generation fuels are surging globally as electricity demand rebounds with industrial growth, tightening supplies of coal and

What's behind the wild surges in global LNG prices and the risks ahead

In less than a year and a half, liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices have lurched from record lows to record highs, with the market first reeling from the impact of the pandemic and now unable to keep up with a global recovery in demand.

Demand jumped on economic growth plus a cold northern hemisphere winter followed by a hot summer, while supplies have been stymied by production problems. Recent power curbs and outages across China due to coal shortages have only exacerbated competition between Asia and Europe in securing sources of energy.

That's led to LNG prices hitting $34 per million British thermal units this week compared with just under $2 mmBtu in May 2020, while European gas prices have catapulted 300% higher this year.

HOW BAD IS THE SUPPLY-DEMAND MISMATCH?

Gas inventories remain critically tight in Europe and Asia which together account for 94% of global LNG imports and over a third of global 24

liquefied natural gas.

India is competing against buyers such as China, the world's largest coal consumer, which is under pressure to ramp up imports amid a severe power crunch.

Rising oil, gas, coal and power prices are feeding inflationary pressures worldwide and slowing the economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.

"The supply crunch is expected to persist, with the non-power sector facing the heat as imports remain the only option to meet demand but at rising costs," ratings agency S&P's unit CRISIL said in a report this week, adding it expected Asian coal prices to continue to increase.

"Coal inventory at (Indian) thermal plants will improve only gradually by next March."

Indian power producers locked in long-term agreements with distribution utilities cannot pass on higher input costs unless a clause to pass on such expenses is written into the contract.

Traders and officials at utilities said buying by power plants dependent of imported coal had been muted due to high prices. CM

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gas consumption.

Most major LNG producers are operating at or close to full capacity and have allocated the vast majority of their shipments to specific customers, leaving little prospect of a short-term fix.

According to the International Gas Union, only 8.9 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) of a total 139.1 mtpa of planned new liquefaction capacity is expected to come online in 2021. CM || www.constructionmirror.com ||

CEAT announces completion of 26% stake buy in Cleanwin Energy

Tyre maker CEAT Ltd announced it has completed the acquisition of 26 per cent stake in Cleanwin Energy, for which it had signed a pact with Yellowstone Clean Energy LLP last month.

Cleanwin Energy owns, operates and maintains a captive wind power generating plant in Maharashtra. The RPG Group company plans to move to 50 per cent renewable power in the next three years.

"We are happy to announce the completion of the acquisition of 26 per cent stake with Cleanwin Energy," Chief Financial Officer CEAT tyres Kumar Subbiah said in a release.

The RPG Group company had in September signed a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) agreement with Yellowstone Clean Energy to invest up to Rs 60 lakh in Cleanwin Energy Five LLP. In line with the norms to avail power for captive use, this also makes CEAT a 26 per cent shareholder in Cleanwin Energy, as per the company.

"We are very pleased to make this investment as it is another step towards our focus to reduce carbon footprint by 50 per cent by 2030. It is a great initiative to develop and harness renewable sources of energy and towards a sustainable future," Subbiah said in the release.

Cleanwin Energy is promoted as a special purpose vehicle, with the sole business of renewable energy generation from renewable sources. CM

India staring at power crisis with coal stocks down to days An energy crisis is looming over India as coal supplies grow perilously low; adding to challenges for a recovery in Asia's third largest economy after it was wracked by the pandemic.

Supplies across the majority of coal-fired power plants in India have dwindled to just days worth of stock.

Federal Power Minister R. K. Singh told the Indian Express newspaper this week that he was bracing for a "trying five to six months."

"I can't say I am secure ... With less than three days of stock, you can't be secure," Singh said.

The shortages have stoked fears of potential black-outs in parts of India, where 70% of power is generated from coal. Experts say the crunch could upset renewed efforts to ramp up manufacturing.

Power cuts and shortages over the years have subsided in big cities, but are fairly common in some smaller towns.

Out of India's 135 coal plants, 108 were facing critically low stocks, with 28 of them down to just one day's worth of supply, according to power ministry data released, the most recently available.

On average, coal supplies at power plants had || www.constructionmirror.com ||

fallen to about four days worth of stock as of the weekend, the ministry said in a statement. That's a sharp plunge from 13 days in August.

Power consumption in August jumped by nearly 20% from the same month in 2019, before the pandemic struck, the power ministry said.

"Nobody expected economic growth to revive like this and for energy demand to shoot up so quickly," said Vibhuti Garg, an energy economist at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis.

The shortfalls in supply were worsened by flooding of mines and other disruptions from unusually heavy rains, Garg said. CM || October 2021 ||

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Cover Story

All you need to know about concrete batching plants

The demand for ready-mix concrete is quickly increasing in high-growth areas.

The government is bolstering the infrastructure sector, which will increase demand for concrete. With the concrete industry undergoing a technological revolution, producing high-performance concrete with tighter controls is becoming easier.

With the use of sensors mounted on trucks, systems are being used to translate the qualities of ready mix concrete into quantitative data. This is likely to provide growth prospects for truck-mounted concrete mixer makers seeking to achieve a competitive advantage through product innovation.

Concrete mixtures were traditionally produced by hand, which took a long time and lacked precision. Concrete mixers are now used to make concrete mixtures, even in small scale applications, due to rising demand and technological advancements.

Concrete mixers are machines that can mix concrete mixes of various strengths precisely and fast. Some concrete mixers may even dispense the concrete mixture directly on the construction site. Concrete mixers come in a variety of sizes and types, depending on the application's needs.

Portable concrete mixers are suitable for small and medium-scale projects, but they are not suitable for large-scale projects.

Both a driver and a "chuteman" are required to manoeuvre the truck and chute back and forth in order to lay concrete in

Concrete Batching Plant

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the manner desired by the contractor. The driver of newer "front discharge" trucks has controls within the cab that allow him to shift the chute in any direction.

Concrete mixers often have two or more axles.

The most popular truck configurations are four, five, and six axles, with the number of axles determined by the load and local regulations limiting permissible loads on the road. The axles are required to evenly distribute the load, allow operation on weight-restricted roads, and reduce wear and tear on regular roads. During the winter, when road weight limitations are reduced, a two- or three-axle truck has no useful payload in many countries. In some cases, operating in certain places may necessitate the purchase of costly permits.

A concrete mixing truck is a one-of-a-kind vehicle that is used to mix and stir concrete as it is being transported to prevent solidification and segregation. In today's construction projects, the mixer truck is a far more extensively used tool.

The demand for ready-mix concrete is quickly increasing in high-growth areas. The government

is bolstering the infrastructure sector, which will increase demand for concrete. With the concrete industry undergoing a technological revolution, producing high-performance concrete with tighter controls is becoming easier. With the use of sensors mounted on trucks, systems are being used to translate the qualities of ready mix concrete into quantitative data. This is likely to provide growth prospects for truckmounted concrete mixer makers seeking to achieve a competitive advantage through product innovation.

Concrete mixer truck as an imperative vehicle of construction industry has a very large market requirements. When you want to buy concrete mixer truck for sale, customers should consider a lot of factors such as cost, capacity, and maintenance. Many buyers decide to buy only from the perspective of money.

Capacity— Concrete mixer truck capacity also means the capacity of mixing drum. It is obvious that a bigger concrete truck capacity could feed into much amount of concrete. If you earn money according to the cost of per cube of concrete, of course it is better to choose a bigger ready mix concrete truck capacity. If the concrete mixer truck is paid as monthly payment, then smaller capacity of concrete mixer truck could satisfy the needs, because a larger concrete truck will cost more.

Rear Axle– If you need to run on a smooth road and most of the roads, choose a single-step deceleration axle. If you need to run on bad roads and lots of craters on the roads, it’s better to choose a wheel rim deceleration axle. Compared with the single-step deceleration axle, the wheel side deceleration axle is smaller in volume and has large gap with the ground.

Tire– There are two kinds of tires which are wire bead tire and nylon tire. Compared these two kind of tires, the service life of wire bead tire is two times longer than nylon tire. Therefore, the wire bead tire is more popular. Of course wire bead tires are more expensive than nylon tires.

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Quality of Mixing Drum– Whether mixing drum is of good quality depends on the thickness. If mixing drum adopts Wear resistant manganese plate and the thickness is more than 6mm that is better to choose.

Chassis– Many customers choose chassis depending on brands that is a good way to purchase a good quality concrete mixer truck.

In addition to the above aspects, there are hydraulic motor, hydraulic pump, reducer, gearbox and other factors that will be considered by customers. In general, it’s important to know and compare before buying a desirable transit mixer.

Concrete is divided into two types: ready-mixed and precast. Ready-mixed concrete is normally made in a batching facility and transported to the job site in a freshly mixed state by truckmixers.

Individual cast concrete parts that are often part of a bigger construction are made with precast concrete. This type of concrete is created in a specialised plant with higher quality standards, and moisture management is an important aspect of the manufacturing process. To ensure consistency, quality, and strength, both forms of concrete must be made according to a specified recipe with the correct ratios of raw components.

RMC is categorised based on the ingredients that

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are combined into concrete. These could also be based on the concept of Cementitious Material, such as whether or not Flyash is included in Cement and whether or not Admixture is used.

Aside from that, there are two types of readymixed concrete.

1. Dry Concrete: All of the elements are combined in a dry form with no water added. These ingredients are transported in a revolving drum, and the measured water amount is sent in a separate Water instrumentation shipment. When the water arrives at the web site, it is combined.

2. Inexperienced Concrete: At the Concrete Batching Plant, all of the materials are mixed together with the appropriate amount of water. They’re sent in rotating drum or in transit mixture to the positioning of concreting.

Types of Concrete Mixer A ribbon or paddle agitator is standard on modern batch mixers. The product is kept in continual suspension, resulting in an excellent uniform mix. Paddle assemblies mix in a tumbling motion, which results in less product shearing.

Batch mixers are appropriate for a wide range of applications, particularly where small batch sizes are required, stringent mix composition control is required, formulas change often, or || www.constructionmirror.com ||

Efficiency Indicators Based on Performance Attributes

Mixers for Batches: The orientation of the axis of rotation distinguishes two types of batch mixers: horizontal or inclined (drum mixers) and vertical (pan mixers). Drum mixers have a fixed bladed drum that rotates around its axis, whereas pan mixers can have either the blades or the pan rotate around the axis.

Because the composition of concrete affects its macroscopic qualities, it's possible that the homogeneity of the concrete produced may be evaluated by comparing the performance of specimens prepared using concrete from various regions of the mixer or at various periods throughout the discharge. The following are some of the properties that are frequently evaluated.

Continuous Mixing Machines: Continuous mixers are the second type of mixer. The materials are continually supplied into the mixer at the same rate as the concrete is discharged, as the name implies. Non-tilting drums with screw-type blades revolving in the middle are the most common.

The discharge orifice is at the bottom of the drum, which is slanted downward. The slope of the drum (typically around 15°) determines the mixing duration.

Mixers for Pans: Pan mixers all work on the same fundamental principle: a cylindrical pan (fixed or rotating) holds the concrete to be mixed, one or two sets of blades revolve inside the pan to mix the materials, and a blade scrapes the pan's wall. The blades and rotational axes have different forms. The scraper is the mixer's other component. The blades' rotation axis sometimes overlaps with the pan axis (single paddle mixer).

Other pan mixers [planetary motion mixer and counter-current motion] have the axis offset.

There are two rotations in these cases: the blades rotate around their axes and the pan rotates around its axis.

A Mixer's Efficiency As previously stated, there are several variables that influence the mixing procedure, which are not always controlled and are not a good predictor of the quality of the concrete produced.

As a result, a methodology for determining the quality of the concrete produced as an intrinsic measure of the mixer's efficiency is required.

The term "mixer efficiency" refers to a mixer's ability to make homogenous concrete from its constituents. || www.constructionmirror.com ||

Workability of fresh concrete as characterised by slump; • Concrete density; • Air content; • Compressive strength

This strategy has the disadvantage of being indirect. It does not prove that the concrete is homogenous; rather, it presupposes that any potential inhomogeneity has an impact on the qualities dis question. Furthermore, it's possible that either the measurement methods chosen aren't sensitive enough to local changes in composition, perhaps because the samples are too large, or that the properties chosen aren't impacted by inhomogeneity in the first place.

The constancy of the qualities is a good sign of product homogeneity, but it's not a guarantee.

Composition as an Indicator of Efficiency: Measuring the homogeneity of the concrete is a more direct way to estimate the efficiency of a mixer. This technique is not based on the idea that macroscopic qualities are dependent on the concrete composition. The distribution of various solid ingredients such as coarse and fine aggregates, mineral admixtures, and cement paste throughout the mixture can be used to determine concrete homogeneity. There are no conventional tests for determining homogeneity, however. Nonetheless, washing out the cement paste and then sifting the aggregates is normally how concrete samples taken in various areas of a mixer or at various intervals throughout the discharge are analysed. The cement paste content can be measured by weighing the sample

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w w w. c o n s t r u c t i o n m i r r o r. c o m

batch traceability is required.

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before and after washing off the cement paste.

Following the cleaning stage, the aggregates are dried and sieved, and their size distribution is evaluated. There is no provision for determining the dispersion of mineral admixtures or very fine fillers because the cement paste is rinsed away and determined as a whole. More exact technologies, such as microscopic examinations by scanning electron microscope (SEM), to quantify the distribution of mineral admixtures, will be required as demand for higher-performance concretes grows.

The Output Rate as an Efficiency Indicator: The output rate is another another sign of a mixer's efficiency. The output rate refers to how much concrete is produced in a given amount of time. The output rate does not indicate how homogeneous the concrete produced is.

If the mixer is a batch mixer, the output rate is determined by the time it takes to load it, mix it, discharge it, and clean it. This final stage is frequently overlooked, i.e., cleaning is not considered part of the mixing cycle. If the mixer runs continuously or is only cleaned once a day, this omission is reasonable. Of certainly, the output rate should be high for economic reasons.

However, it should be understood that judging a mixer's efficiency purely on its output rate is risky because the quality of the concrete produced is ignored.

The Importance of Proper Concrete Moisture If a concrete maker follows a recipe that calls for weighted amounts of aggregates and cement, then adds the prescribed amount of water, each batch will differ due to the unknown and variable amount of water trapped inside the aggregates.

If a recipe calls for 1,000kg of aggregates, the amount weighed will not be 1,000kg of aggregates but a mixture of aggregates and water unless the aggregates are 100% dry.Categorisation based on the mode of functions for concrete batching plant As specified below, batching equipment is classified as Manual, Semi-Automatic, or Automatic.

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Manual: Manually operated devices charge batching equipment, with the accuracy of the weighing operation reliant on the operator's visual observation of the scale. Hand or power assistance are used to operate the charging equipment.

Semi-automatic: Batching equipment is charged by devices that must be manually operated for each material in order to weigh it. When the designated mass (weight) of each substance is reached, they are automatically activated.

Automatic: Batching equipment is charged by devices that, when activated by a single starter switch, will automatically begin weighing all materials in order and cease when each material reaches its required mass (weight).Dealing With Environmental Issues of The Concrete Batching Plant.

Controlling Moisture in Concrete Production Both the aggregates and the cement should be totally dry in order for the amount of water required for each batch to be consistent and the quality of the concrete produced to be consistent from batch to batch. Aggregates, on the other hand, are usually stored in a stockpile, usually outside, and while appropriate storage can help, even in covered bins, the moisture held in the aggregates will be in a constant state of change due to drainage.

The amounts of ingredients necessary for the recipe are normally weighed in modern concrete batching facilities, and the recipe is computed using the expected ‘dry' weight of the materials.

However, there will be an unknown amount of water within the weighed aggregates. Although the focus of this article is on slump, excess water or moisture content in the sand and aggregates can have a significant impact on the water/ cement ratio, aggregate/cement ratio, yield, and mix colour. Inconsistencies in slump, strength, colour, and quality will arise, producing in a lower-quality end product.

The concrete batching plant is a combined device for concentrated mixing of concrete. It || www.constructionmirror.com ||

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Concrete Batching Plant

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is commonly used in large-sized and mediumsized water conservancy, electric power, highway, bridges and other projects with large demand of concrete, long construction period and concentrated construction sites.

There're some concrete batching plant environmental issues with the development of concrete construction equipment such as concrete batching plant, sand making machine.

This article tells several pollution solutions of concrete batching plant.

Environmental Impact of Concrete Batching Plants Concrete batching plants must be designed and managed in such a way that cement and fly ash are not blown, swept, hosed, or washed into gutters or the storm water system by rain. Wind-blown cement and fly ash can be an environmental (dust) nuisance, hurting inhabitants' health and causing property damage, such as vehicles. Camel Way Machinery offers

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skilled setup services to meet the needs of its customers.

Cement storage silos must be equipped with dust-control equipment to reduce dust emissions.

For storage silos, a reverse pulse fabric filter dust collector (FFDC) or another dust management device with comparable or superior performance is advised.

To ensure proper and efficient functioning, whatever technology is used, it must be maintained in line with the manufacturer's recommendations. Camel method can assist you in attempting to prevent this problem.

Because sand and aggregates are regulated water contaminants that can degrade or destroy aquatic environments, they must be kept out of storm drains, creeks, and other waterways. Concrete batching plants must be built and managed in such a way that dust and aggregates are not

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trucks driving through slurry water generated by wash-downs. New batching plants should be designed to enable recycled water from the water management system to be used for slumping.

New concrete batching plants need to have wheel-wash facilities to prevent contaminants from being tracked out of the site on truck tyres on to the street, where they can be washed into storm water drains. All trucks should be provided with spill kits to cover clean-up needs in transit. Spills during transit need to be cleaned up immediately to prevent contaminants entering storm water drains or waterways. Waste water from concrete batching plants may contain potential pollutants such as cement, sand and aggregates. Concrete batching plants require a wastewater collection and treatment system to capture contaminated process water and storm water. This prevents and minimizes contaminated water entering off-site storm water drains, creeks or other waterways. blown, swept, hosed, or washed into gutters or the storm water system by rain. Sand and aggregates should be delivered in a dampened state, using covered trucks. If the materials have dried out during transit they should be dampened again before being dumped into the storage bin to minimize dust emissions during loading.

A potential source of dust and water pollution is the truck loading bay. To avoid spillage, raw materials should be placed into the truck agitators using a telescopic chute (recommended) or a flexible sleeve. Spillage can also be avoided by taking steps to ensure that truck agitators are not overloaded. New slump stands and bays – and their wheel-wash facilities – should be connected to the water management system (see Water management section) to prevent contaminants such as spilt cement, aggregate or concrete slurry from entering storm water drains.

It is important to design slump stands to avoid || www.constructionmirror.com ||

All in all, good environmental management practices do more than preserve the natural environment – they can save businesses money.

Minimizing wasting, increasing resource efficiency and recovery and adopting cleaner production methods have been shown to reduce operating costs.

Conclusion A construction company may do excellent building work in less time by using high-quality concrete construction equipment. As a result, it can reduce labour expenses while increasing profits by providing high-quality building services to clients more quickly. With technological advancements, a variety of concrete construction equipment is now accessible on the market. There is a broad selection of construction machinery for every building site, allowing for faster, easier, and safer construction. Several manufacturers now offer high-quality concrete building machinery. CM

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Special Feature

Lubricants

Importance of Lubricants in Construction Industry

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Lubricants are essential in construction.

Heavy weights and harsh temperatures, as well as considerable wear and dirt and water contamination, all require the equipment to work in extreme conditions. As a result of these difficulties, it is critical to give the best possible protection. Construction rigs have a variety of lubrication requirements, and whether they're pushing dirt or hauling weights, they're all put through a lot of stress.

This is why the majority of construction lubricants are designed to be quite robust.

Because construction works are frequently moved from one area to another, a maintenance crew will not always be available. Long unplanned downtime and unanticipated costs are two things that all equipment owners and operators seek to avoid. Construction equipment, and lubricants that keep it working smoothly, has come a long way. The industry has demanded that

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Lubricants

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lubrication and other fluids keep up with changing transmissions and greater load requirements as machinery technology has improved.

Choosing the correct lubricant is critical for improving reliability, increasing production, and reducing breakdowns. It's crucial to think about what aspects will influence whether or not a lubricant is successful for its intended purpose. The viscosity grade and performance characteristics of engine oils are two important factors to consider. Lubricants come in a variety of viscosity grades, which determine the temperature range in which they can work at their best. Temperature-dependent viscosity changes are critical to observe, especially for equipment operating in colder climates where it may be idle for long periods of time. The more thickly the oil is, the more difficult it is for it to circulate around the engine; in some situations, this might leave internal hardware vulnerable. This leads to higher wear rates, higher maintenance costs, and unplanned downtime.

The W ("winter") after a viscosity grade indicates that the oil is acceptable for use in and provides protection in colder temperatures, according to the engine oil viscosity classification. A thicker grade oil may be more appropriate for construction equipment operating in hotter climates. These lubricants are frequently better suited to greater operating temperatures because they ensure proper lubricant flow and, as a result, preserve crucial engine components.

Another factor to consider is the lubricant's resistance to heat and oxidative breakdown.

Lubricants are susceptible to oxidation when exposed to oxygen and certain metals or chemicals at high temperatures. Increased oil viscosity, the development of corrosive acids, and sludge buildup are all negative effects of oxidation. Improved aeration control is also necessary for off-highway engines due to the possibility of more air becoming entrained in the oil than typical. This can be dangerous at the bearings, as these components require an oil film to protect them. Entrained air is problematic because it obstructs boundary lubrication, which is the thin oil film that guards against metal-tometal contact.

Construction equipment is kept functioning through prevention.

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All construction equipment, from bulldozers to dump trucks and draglines to scrapers and shovels, is subjected to extreme circumstances.

Extreme temperature or heat, moisture, dust, and grime can all degrade lubricant function and cause equipment to break prematurely.

Lubrication focuses on prevention equipment which can help you avoid downtime and lower operating costs. The use of correct lubricant for each piece of equipment is an important aspect to keep the equipment running without any break out.

Heavy-duty work calls for heavy-duty lubricant

Lubricants aren't all created equal. A high-performance lubricant can have a major impact on operational success in heavy-duty industrial applications like those found on construction sites. Heavy-duty construction equipment, such as that used to create streets, highways, bridges, and buildings, is exposed to harsh environmental conditions. Whether it's a cold, foggy morning or a hot, dry, dusty afternoon, the lubricant's performance will be affected.

Common lubricant suffering points for construction operations include:

Heat-sensitive greases can melt and run out of bearings, resulting in bearing failure.

Contaminants can enter through grease that does not make a good seal. Many firms sell automatic lubrication systems that ensure the proper amount of grease is applied in the right place at the right time.

Water can get into the fuel of diesel equipment that is left outside, causing it to lose power. Soot builds up in injectors, making them unclean.

Furthermore, due to environmental concerns, lower-performance diesel fuel is now used in on-road and off-road mobile equipment. Many businesses have developed diesel fuel improvers to address these issues. They can clean your fuel pumps, injectors, and combustion chambers, restoring fuel economy, lowering pollutants, and lowering your overall cost per mile or hours of operation.

Wire ropes, cables, and draglines - Are your wire ropes, cables, and draglines rusted, corroded, or frayed? With a broad line of penetrating and coating wire rope lubricants, you can protect your wire rope and cable from high stress || www.constructionmirror.com ||

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Lubricants

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loading, shock loading, jerking, and heavy loads.

Several firms have a wide variety of protective lubrication solutions, including wire rope lubricant applicators to decrease labour costs and assure safe, reliable operation, whether you want lubricant to penetrate to the core or coat and seal.

What Is the Lubricant's Purpose?

Lubricants serve a variety of purposes, including regulating the following: •

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Friction is a term that is used to describe (lubricants reduce heat generation and energy consumption) Put on (lubricants can reduce mechanical and corrosive wear) Corrosion is the result of corrosion (quality lubricants protect surfaces from corrosive substances) Contamination is a problem (lubricants transport particles and other contaminants to filters and separators) Thermometer (lubricants can absorb and transfer heat) In the case of hydraulics, lubricants can also be used to transmit power.

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All of this means that you must first determine the particular obstacles your application presents before selecting a lubricant. For instance, high pressure, low temperature, and saltwater exposure are all possibilities.

Choose lubricants that are properly labelled with instructions on how to use them and under what conditions they should be used.

What's in the Lubricant's Ingredients?

Although you might not think of lubricants as having a lot of chemicals, the basic oil does have a lot of them. These substances were chosen with care, taking into account how the lubricant will be used. This is true of both greases and oils. Many people are unaware that greases are just oils thickened with thickeners. The type of thickener is really important. The thickening is usually made up of fibrous particles that behave like sponges, keeping the oil in place and making it more viscous. Each thickener type has its own set of benefits and drawbacks, particularly in terms of shear stability, pumpability, and heat resistance and water resistance.

Longevity

Lubricants have a set lifespan and must be replenished once that time has passed. Failure || www.constructionmirror.com ||

hand. Make sure you don't make the same mistake. At least one member of your team should be in charge of lubrication, as well as ensuring that correct records are kept.

Finally, if you're unfamiliar with the concept of predictive maintenance (PdM), you should spend a few minutes learning about it.

Affordability

to do so can result in runout, metal-onmetal contact, bearing destruction, and other problems, resulting in downtime and greater costs. The issue is that it isn't always clear when something is about to happen.

Monitoring the operating temperature of your equipment is an important technique to track a lubricant's lifespan. Lubricants are destroyed by excessive heat. Every 10 degrees C (18 degrees F) increase in temperature above 65 degrees C (150 degrees F) reduces the lubricant's service life by half. This means that a lubricant that would ordinarily last a month at 150°F will only last two weeks at 168°F, one week at 186°F, and three or four days at 204°F before it needs to be replaced or rejuvenated. After then, it will stop working and will provide little or no protection, even if the lubrication level is low.

Digital calibration instruments that can provide thermal imaging as well as vibration analysis are ideal for heat tracking. It's also a good idea to keep track of your lubrication intervals.

Some digital systems make this simple, but it's all too easy to overlook this in smaller businesses where records are still kept by || www.constructionmirror.com ||

Avoiding Over-lubrication And Under-lubrication

The consequences of underlubrication are well known: greater component wear, premature failure, higher energy consumption, and higher operating and maintenance costs. However, the consequences of excessive lubrication can be just as damaging. It wastes lubricant, adds downtime, and can cause excessive heat build-up. It also puts stress on lubricate points. The answer is self-evident: optimum lubrication.

Lubrication by Hand: Manual lubrication necessitates the use of a grease gun or other traditional lubrication gear by a technician.

This technique of lubrication has a number of drawbacks, including increased machine downtime, high maintenance costs, and inconsistent lubrication (too much, too less or not frequently enough). In the essay The Pitfalls of Manual Lubrication, you can learn all about the drawbacks of manual lubrication.

Lubrication by Machine: An automatic lubrication system delivers the proper amount of lubricant to your equipment at the right time and in the right place, usually while the machine is running. It takes the place of a traditional lubricating system, resulting in || October 2021 ||

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Different oils are used in different ways. Your application method will be determined by the equipment you have. An aerosol lubricant may be sufficient in some cases, such as an easy-to-reach hinge. An accessible gearbox can readily be greased by hand. An automatic dispenser that only needs to be replenished every six months, on the other hand, can be a wonderful solution for difficult-to-reach spots.

A continuous dispenser may be suitable for chains that require regular lubrication. If you're buying lubricants from a reliable supplier, talk to one of their experts about the best way to go.

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longer equipment life, less wear, and lower maintenance costs.

Lubricants

Advantages of Automatic Lubrication over Manual Lubrication

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Equipment Life Extended: Automatic lubrication reduces wear and extends the life of your equipment by giving the appropriate amount of oil at the right time and in the right location.

To prevent moving machine parts from rubbing against each other, automatic lubrication generates a thin coating between them. The components will be protected from wear and will last longer if direct metal-to-metal contact is avoided.

Lubricant Consumption Is Reduced: Automatic lubrication systems deliver small amounts of lubricant more frequently, lowering lubricant usage. This not only saves money on oil and grease, but it also helps the environment.

Lower Maintenance Fees: You will save money on spare parts since automated lubrication extends equipment life by minimising wear.

Furthermore, because your equipment does not require manual point-by-point lubrication by professionals, you can significantly reduce your maintenance expenditures. When compared to the 15-minute inspection and refill time of an autolube system, lubing with a grease gun is time consuming for technicians.

Working Conditions That Are Safer And

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Healthier: A machine technician utilises a grease gun to lubricate all relevant machine parts in manual lubricated situations. Some critical machine parts are difficult to reach and require climbing atop the machine, which can sometimes be done while it is still running. This raises significant safety concerns, which can be mitigated by using an automatic lubricating system. Autolube also eliminates the risk of falling out by avoiding human interaction with lubricants and spilled oil on the floor.

Machine Downtime has Been Reduced: It's critical to keep your installations from coming to a halt if you want to increase your total production. Automatic lubrication systems, unlike manual lubrication, do not require the machine to be turned off in order to supply more oil. Lock-out and tag-out procedures can be avoided, and the machines can continue to operate while the lubrication system ensures that the proper amount of oil is applied for optimal lubrication. As a result, automated lubrication significantly reduces your labour and downtime.

Improvements in the Environment: Automatic systems determine the precise amount of lubrication that is necessary. Waste, product contamination, and housekeeping difficulties are all decreased significantly. Improved bearing, gear, and chain lubrication means less friction and energy waste. CM

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Industry Feature

Mining Mining Industry

will take on new forms in 2021

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Mining has a life cycle that starts with exploration, continues with production, and finishes with closure and postmining land use. In all stages of this life cycle, new technology can assist the mining sector and customers. This study excludes downstream processes such as mineral concentrate smelting and metal refining. The topic is restricted to technologies that influence the processes leading up to the sale of the first commercial product after extraction. Over the last few decades, the mining industry has had to deal with a difficult operating environment. Improving productivity to combat natural reasons such as declining ore grades, deeper deposits, and harder rock mass, as well as growing environmental and social consciousness, has pushed the industry to constantly improve its processes across the value chain. Innovation plays a critical part in this by finding appropriate solutions to overcome these challenges, maintaining the mining industry's continuity and viability.

The mining industry is no exception to the rapid adoption of digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and analytics solutions that is sweeping the globe.

Mining corporations are beginning to grasp that the intelligent mine is more than a technological play after several years of proofs of concept. Miners will most certainly need to modify the way they approach their operational models, make choices, attract

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and train personnel, communicate with their stakeholders, and maximise resources in order to achieve actual transformation and realise the value promised by innumerable use cases. The impact of digital technology on development and manufacturing is equally substantial. For example, with the utilisation of autonomous cars, drillers, and haulage systems, automation technology combined with AI advancements can greatly increase operational and economic efficiencies. Self-driving trucks can travel through tight tunnels without the assistance of a human driver. Autonomous haulage systems (AHS) can move and transport significantly more materials in a safer and more efficient manner than a human workforce, resulting in greater production and safety.

Changes in Mining in 2021

Going Digital & Getting Automated Mining is becoming more mechanised as a result of a slew of new technologies that have joined the market. This has been going on for a few years, and it has improved efficiency and safety across the board. To fight COVID-19's difficulties, however, the development of autonomous solutions has accelerated. Many miners have implemented autonomous solutions ahead of schedule to reduce costs and build safer, cleaner mines, allowing them to accomplish more with

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fewer employees.

From automated machinery to driver monitoring system software and data centres, the impact of automation and digitalization on a mine site is limitless. As a result, picking particular advancements is difficult. Here are the standout technologies of late, according to Mining Magazine readers. In addition, there have been advancements in the industry's utilisation of data and digital twinning. All three of Australia's major iron-ore miners have "digital twins," or large city control centres, that allow them to manage parts of their operations from hundreds of kilometres distant.

The capacity to handle remote mine sites is improving as automation and digitization become more prevalent in the industry. Because of the obstacles that this level of technology has in reaching remote regions in places like Africa, Mongolia, and Chile, this is unlikely to take off and become common in 2021.

A New Generation of Experts This modern, digital, automated mining method is a significant improvement over the pickaxes and train haulers of the past. It necessitates a slew of new technical abilities. Companies will have to change their recruitment tactics to attract workers with these skillsets. This could entail training data engineers from outside the mining industry. This || www.constructionmirror.com ||

will extend beyond engineers to sales, service, and technical support, resulting in the emergence of a new generation of non-traditional mining professionals.

Changing to a Green Lifestyle

Commodity Prices That Are More Favorable The favourable price situation is another excellent trend to look forward to in 2021. Many (but certainly not all) issuers were able to raise much-needed money in 2020, bringing the most favourable market conditions for mineral exploration since the end of the last commodity cycle boom.

Except for iron ore, practically other mineral and metal prices are predicted to increase year over year (YoY) in 2021. Prices for copper, lithium and cobalt will continue to improve, as governments step-up their green agendas. The commodity price for gold is looking strong too, working as a catalyst for smaller financings and property transactions.

Software for Digitalization and Mining The easier it is to collect data in a mine that is more automated. Everything from mine conditions to inventory to fleet maintenance requirements is included in this data. As more mines implement automated machines, more data will be captured, allowing for better analysis, operational efficiency, and safety.

The majority of mining software on the market combines and sorts data before storing it for remote access. Equipment workers and management can measure how much material is used and if it needs to be repaired with software like this in place, avoiding costly downtimes.

Mining software is essential even during the exploration phase. || www.constructionmirror.com ||

Why is it that the mining sector never seems to be satisfied? Why do we continuously looking for new ways to complete an old task? It's simple: every technological innovation may result in the saving of a life.

Regardless of how far we've gone, mining is still a hazardous occupation. Every year, accidents and fatalities occur, and no one in the industry is willing to accept this as the norm. Every new piece of data collected makes the process safer; every autonomous car keeps a human out of a potentially dangerous situation; and every scouting improvement notifies operators to a potentially harmful issue.]

Mining Industry in India In the steel and alumina industries, India has a competitive advantage in terms of production and conversion costs. Its strategic location allows for the development of export potential as well as fast-growing Asian markets.

There are 1,531 active mines in India. Iron ore, bauxite, chromium, manganese ore, baryte, rare earth, and mineral salts are all abundant in the country. 95 minerals, 4 fuel-related minerals, 10 metallic minerals, 23 non-metallic minerals, 3 atomic minerals, and 55 minor minerals are produced in the country (including building and other minerals). Growth is being fueled by an increase in infrastructural construction and automobile manufacture. The power and cement sectors are also contributing to the sector's growth. Given the excellent development prospects for the residential and commercial construction industries, demand for iron and steel is expected to continue. Due to reforms such as the Make in India Campaign, Smart Cities, Rural Electrification, and a focus on building renewable energy projects under the National Electricity Policy, as well as increased infrastructure development, India's metals and mining sector is expected to undergo significant changes in the coming years.

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Another hot topic is mining's environmental consciousness, which CM Industrial discussed with several industry experts last year. The general view was that without mining, the world would be a very different place. So, rather than replacing mining, the issue is to make it more environmentally friendly. This appears to be a top focus for the entire industry in 2021. There are other challenges to face as well. For example, to ensure a harmonic end-to-end mining lifespan, more work needs to be done on interoperability across different types of miners and software.

Improved Technology Leads to Increased Safety

Commonly Used Mining Equipment Mining Drills are an integral part of the underground mining operation and are perhaps one of the most frequent pieces of mining equipment. When rocks or minerals are found

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a long way beneath the ground, underground mining is used. They must, however, be brought to the surface. Underground, specialised mining equipment such as trucks, loaders, diggers, and other similar machines are used to unearth the material, which is then transported to the surface via skips or lifts for further processing.

Drilling is usually required to deposit explosive charges in the overburden material to free the minerals. Underground mining techniques have advanced greatly in recent years, including the use of remote control machinery.

Blasting tools are used in the mining sector to break down and fracture materials (often rocks) using a controlled amount of explosive to free the desired product from the waste material.

Blasting is also used to clear pockets of undesired material that are obstructing access to the seam containing the resources of interest for mining machines and employees. Unmanned drill rigs will drill holes at predetermined depths and positions on a blast face to guarantee that a specific size fraction is accomplished and that only a small amount of overburden is liberated with the blasting, lowering material handling costs. After the blasting is finished, an excavator is utilised to recover the blasted rocks and other debris that was thrown around during the explosion.

The material is then transported to a central conveying system, which either transports it straight to the surface or uses a skip and hoist system to transport it.

Earth movers are frequently used in above-ground mining to transport loose soil and earth from

one site to another. Because earth movers are specifically intended to work on huge earthmoving and mining projects for a speedier and more practical process, they play a significant role in the mining industry. They are used for digging, pushing, and carrying the earth and require the operator's specialised expertise. Earth movers are large mining machines that work alongside bulldozers and are essential to the industry's survival. Earth movers are typically employed to remove overburden or waste material, allowing excavators to remove the desired material or mineral. Bulldozers are used to shift this overburden debris around so that other equipment like haul trucks and excavators may work on it.

Crushing equipment is used to crush rock and stone, as the name implies. Mining crushing equipment is available in a variety of various varieties for a variety of purposes, all of which are designed to produce maximum productivity and a high reduction rate. Crushing equipment is designed to break down hard rock materials or gravel into a size that can be transported or conveyed. They are important pieces of equipment in the industry because they lower the costs of handling bigger materials and ensure the efficient liberation of elements of interest during downstream processing. The run of mine (ROM) material is generally hauled to the primary crusher in an opencast or strip mining operation, and it is delivered to the primary crusher in underground mining operations.

Feeding, Conveying, and On-line Elemental Analysis Equipment Once the excavator transporter brings the raw material to the crusher for processing, the feeding device feeds the material into the crusher and in return the material is screened and all oversized material is recirculated back to the crusher to ensure correct size fraction is obtained. This weighbelt ‘feeding’ equipment, usually referred to as “Weighfeeders,” conveys and controls the feedrate into the crusher to improve crusher efficiency.

Feeding and conveying equipment are necessary to the mining industry to move and control material flow within a mining and processing operation to facilitate efficient operation of equipment and determine operating rates and yields. In some

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Mining Industry

instances secondary crushing is required prior to processing of the material. Once the material is at the correct size, fraction processing can occur which could include, milling, flotation, leaching etc.

Belt scale systems let you monitor production output and inventory, or regulate product loadout, while providing vital information for the effective management and efficient operation of your business. There are elemental crossbelt analyzers that provide real-time quality analysis of critical process streams to facilitate sorting, blending and out-of-seam dilution control. While materials are on the troughed belt conveyor, an automatic sampling system (which could be single or multi-stage) can take a representative sample directly from the moving material stream.

(Take a look at this video to see how a sampling system works.) Weighbelt Feeders that convey and control feedrate accurately and reliably can reduce material consumption, help maintain blend consistency, and increase profits.

Flow measurement systems provide continuous, real-time flow measurement of free-falling materials or dense phase, pneumatically conveyed bulk solids, which is important to ensure and maintain product quality and process efficiency.

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In July 2021, India sent its first coal export to Bangladesh's Rampal Power Plant, boosting the country's coal exports.

According to official figures, iron ore exports in the first quarter of FY22 were US$ 1.7 billion, up 168 percent year on year.

Steel production in India is increasing rapidly as a result of companies (such as Tata Steel) commissioning new projects.

In July 2021, JSW Steel said in July 2021 that crude steel production increased by 62 percent year over year to 4.93 million tonnes in the first quarter of FY22.

Central Coalfields Ltd. (CCL) awarded Power Mech Projects Ltd. a contract to build and operate a mine worth Rs. 9,294 crore (US$ 1.25 billion) in July 2021.

In July 2021, Coal India Ltd. (CIL) agreed to buy 11 Russian rope shovels for Rs. 1,462 crore (US$ 196.30 million) from Iz-Kartex (a

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Russia-based shovel manufacturer).In June 2021, Mr. T.V. Narendran, the CII President and Managing Director of Tata Steel, stated that steel firms have firmed up plans to invest ~Rs. 60,000 crore (US$ 8 billion) over the next three years in this sector.

Vedanta Ltd. stated in May 2021 that it plans to invest Rs.10,000 crore (US$ 1.34 billion) in an aluminium park in Odisha to help industries that utilise metal set up manufacturing operations there.

In May 2021, ArcelorMittal Nippon Steel (AMNS) agreed to deliver up to 500,000 tonnes of liquefied natural gas (LNG) per year to Total (a French energy firm) until 2026.

Companies like Vedanta Aluminium and Bharat Aluminium Company (BALCO) used smart technologies like digital smelter solutions for human-less monitoring of operations, advanced data analytics for predictive and prescriptive analytics, and vision analytics for identification of hot spots in ICTs networks to improve asset reliability to boost production in May 2021.

Vedanta Ltd. inked a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Indian research institutes in April 2021 to explore ways to develop value from bauxite residue for use in the downstream division of the company.

The Journey Continues

There is a lot of room for increased mining capacity in iron ore, bauxite, and coal, as well as a lot of room for future sub-surface deposit finds. Steel, zinc, and aluminium manufacturers continue to benefit from infrastructure initiatives.

The real estate industry relies heavily on iron and steel. Given the excellent development prospects for the residential and commercial construction industries, demand for these metals is expected to continue. CM

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Scaffolding & Formwork

Special Focus

Different Types of Formwork and Scaffoldings Used in Construction Industry R

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Formwork, for building, a mould is used to form concrete into structural shapes (beams, columns, slabs, and shells). Formwork can be made of wood, steel, plastic, or fibreglass, among other materials. To keep the concrete from clinging to the mould, the interior surface is treated with a bond breaker (plastic or oil). Slipforming, in which a vertical concrete element is constantly cast using a short length of formwork that is regularly disassembled and moved upward as each section is done or that moves slowly and continuously while concrete is put, is important for high-rise construction. This is also known as a climbing form.

Types of Formwork Fabric Formwork: Fabric has been used as a concrete formwork material for a number of years. As a result of their extensive acceptance and employment in traditional site backfill applications, geotextile fabrics are now very commonly available and cost-effective. Alternative lightweight fabric forming systems may be possible for employing the durable, functional, and aesthetic properties of a concrete structural system in situations where site logistics may be prohibitive or experienced personnel may be scarce. The entire cost of formwork and building operations is in line with sustainable

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construction practises that use less material and energy. When compared to traditional rigid wood or steel panel formwork, on-site casting requires less material by weight, potentially resulting in less waste. Fabric formwork systems can benefit from formwork ties and support systems that are designed for lower pressures at higher heights.

In practise, the height of the fluid concrete on the forming surface can be tactilely monitored, allowing for fewer stages of concrete assembly on site. Increased longevity and the use of less material to generate out-of-plane, curved features are two more long-term benefits of the technique.

Two recent home projects in rural Vermont are discussed in this study to demonstrate the long-term benefits of using geotextile fabric as part of the formwork system. Fabric formwork was employed for walls, columns, and elevated slab soffits, resulting in a 35 percent reduction in formwork material weight over a traditional wood panel system. This also translates to reduced energy use for material transport, less waste, fewer pour operations, and the use of so-called local labor that is not dependent on larger scale concrete operations experience. Once stripped, the fabric has the potential to be reused on-site as subgrade stabilization.

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Plastic formwork system: In the recent past, there has been a significant amount of deforestation, resulting in an environmental imbalance in our ecosystem. We should discover alternatives to wood formwork as a preventative strategy to stop deforestation. In this case, 'ABS PLASTIC FORMWORK' is the only viable answer because it is a recyclable, reusable, and environmentally friendly alternative. That is why, in place of traditional formwork, we are adopting plastic formwork. ABS Plastic Formwork is a relatively new product in the formwork business, and it is known for its lightweight, quick manufacturing, and work accuracy. Almost 350000 square metres of formwork are used for construction purposes around the world nowadays. ABS plastic formwork has been employed on numerous building projects in our country and has shown to be cost effective.

ABS plastic formwork is widely utilised throughout the Gulf region, Europe, Asia, and the rest of the world. This method is best suited for large housing projects that must be completed quickly and with uniform columns, beams, and slab sizes.

This technique produces more precise outcomes and higher-quality building at a lower cost and in less time.

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(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene). The thickness of this formwork panel is 80mm. These panels are completely aligned. Nylon handles are used for interlocking panels, and this is the only locking assembly for this system. Panels are integrated in the same way for slab and beam construction and are supported by standard props used in the building industry. Because the formwork is made of ABS plastic, it is lightweight while still having a good load-bearing capability. Because the material is light in weight, it is considerably easier to handle and carry on-site. It is not required. As a result, no heavy lifting equipment is required.

The panels are fixed sizes, and when linked adjacently, they are perfectly plumb, and when connected perpendicularly, they form an exact 90-degree angle, offering precise specifications for the requisite column sizes. As a result, no skilled labour is necessary.

Permanent form for concrete beams and columns: The new system comprises four phases: a preparatory phase in which a modified beam and column reinforcement design is processed, a design phase in which design parameters are specified, a construction phase, and an application phase in which achievable loads are determined and materials used are tested. The mortar mix

has 0.485 water-cement and 1:2.75 cement-sand ratios, as well as a 12" × 12" gauge 23 galvanised welded wire mesh for reinforcement. The load testing of the produced 200mm x 300mm x 10mm prototype ferrocement plates using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and 100mm x 200mm x 2400m beam samples using a Reaction Frame Test is part of the building phase (RFT). The ferrocement form prototype has a nominal capacity of 0.015kN-m, which results in a deflection of 0.02mm, but the actual test has an impressive average capacity of 0.267kN-m, which makes the design form usable. A modified beam with 4-1" x 1" x 18" angle bars has a capacity of 20.23kN-m, which is comparable to a standard beam with 4-12mm distorted rebars. When compared to typical formwork without reusing materials, the comparative analysis shows a 31 percent lower cost in materials and a 9 percent lower cost when materials are reused twice. When materials are used twice, the work required for the new system is about comparable to that projected for conventional systems, with only a 4 to 5% savings. When compared to traditional formwork systems, the new system saves 11 to 17 percent of the time. The data reveals that ferrocement as a formwork is viable and meets the standards that a good formwork must meet. Furthermore, the study's economic efficiency exceeds expectations, assuming that the new system is implemented while taking the full project into account.

Insulated Concrete Formwork: Insulated concrete formwork (ICF) is an in-situ concrete building technology that is quick to install and provides improved levels of performance over other building envelope construction methods. For several years, ICF has been on the rise in the UK self-build industry, offering design professionals, architects, homeowners, and contractors a more efficient way to construct concrete homes and commercial ICF structures. It's also one of only four basement walling methods that's been approved. ICF is a concrete formwork technique made up of hollow lightweight block components that lock together without the use of intermediary bedding materials like mortar. Panels of insulation material, commonly expanded polystyrene, are linked together using plastic or steel ties to make the blocks. The formwork remains in place once the concrete has hardened, resulting in a high-strength concrete frame construction. The building's monolithic, insulated concrete formwork structure is quick to construct while providing

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much higher levels of performance than slower, more traditional construction methods. When the concrete is set, it becomes a high-strength structure, and the formwork acts as thermal insulation, with U-values as low as 0.11 W/m2k – ideal for zero-energy buildings.

Automated Layout Climbing Formwork System: Climbing formwork system layout planning is a requirement for constructing an efficient and cost-effective structural framework in a high-rise building. However, the majority of the formwork system layout is done manually, based on the supervisor's heuristic approach, and is thus prone to errors that compromise the construction's constructability. Furthermore, the current method's inflexibility to changes in building design results in unforeseen variability throughout system use. As an alternative to the current manual execution of formwork layout, an automated formwork layout method that considers essential factors such as configurations on the unit module of the form as input data, information on building parameters for specifying possible areas of system installation, and configurations on the working platform for the optimal arrangement of unit systems can be suggested. As a result, utilising evolutionary algorithms, this study provides an automated layout design method for climbing formwork systems. The method created in this study will be used by the construction worker in charge of automated layout design to make sensible decisions.

Cellform Permanent Formwork System: Cellform is similar to Groundform, but it incorporates Cellcore and Claymaster to create a permanent shuttering system that integrates all of the advantages of ground heave treatments into one package. On site, the Claymaster is attached to the vertical side

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of the Cellform, while the Cellcore is already linked to the bottom of the Groundform. The technique reduces the width of the dig and, as a result, the amount of muck that must be removed. It also removes the need for additional labour to strike and remove shuttering.

Types of Scaffolding in Construction Scaffolding is an important part of the construction process because many employees all over the world rely on it and it produces significant outcomes for construction organisations. The scaffold has changed the construction industry; workers on the construction site were able to accomplish their goals with ease, and this structure makes life easier for workers by providing support for carrying loads of building materials. There are different scaffolding kinds for this purpose, depending on the geographical location and financial situation of specific countries, as aluminium is expensive in some countries and timber is expensive in others.

The main reason that these types are available in the market is the choices of architectures and designers made for the regulatory and implication of the projects. These are the following types: Supported Scaffolding: The workers' safety is ensured by supported scaffolding. Scaffolding injuries are reduced thanks to the platforms supported by the trigger, beams, poles, and frames.

Its working platform is planked to the guardrails, and the support is planked over layers. Supported scaffolding allows for greater flexibility in both assembly and disassembly; during assembly, an extra level can be added as needed to reach each floor; during disassembly, the opposite is true. Pre-engineering components are vertical and horizontal pieces that are joined together in a systematic manner. This sort of scaffolding has a greater benefit than other types of scaffolding.

The quality standards set requires safety measures and guidelines that need to be followed during the construction process. Supported Scaffolding is built from the ground that accurately supports the structure, using metal tubes and couplers that are mainly used as compared to bamboo structures that mainly available in Asian Countries.

The supported scaffold has revolutionized the construction business, workers on the construction site achieved their purposes easily, and this structure makes an easy life for workers as they can take the support for carrying out the loads from building materials.

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retain its height to any extent. For any two-story or ten-story building, suspended scaffolding is required. This scaffold was designed to make it easier and safer for window cleaners to work on skyscrapers. With its "Secure Anchorage" feature, the suspended scaffold provides safety.

A suspended scaffold is one that may be lifted and lowered while employees or materials are working on it. Its structure, which attaches to each of the scaffold components, helps to support its weight. Scaffold are functional to the fall arrest system and its security and safety is ensured by its anchorage. Proprietary links should be fixed with anchors approved by the producer of the tie, which should take account of the loading details.

These will be attached with internal eye diameters of 20-24 mm to the eye style fixings. Flexibility of the suspended scaffold can be extended from 3 to 72 feet, even more, depending upon the features. Its four sides are attached by the rope, however, to create more safe space and high risk on skyscrapers, the sides usually attach along with steel chains.

Mobile Scaffolding: Mobile scaffolds are used on big construction sites with various projects.

Their mobility and multipurpose features allow employees to effortlessly change positions while on wheel and carters. The workers use mobile scaffolds mostly on construction sites for plastering and painting, and to ensure the lock of Casters and wheels throughout the job,

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in case of an accident. This scaffold is capable of supporting as much weight and structure as possible. This structure, which is made of galvanised steel, establishes various construction norms. Mobile scaffolding towers are significantly more cost-effective when it comes to the initial investment. A higher structure will find that the initial cost of purchasing a mobile scaffold is much lower than the purchase of a full scaffold system. The structure is usually made up of an aluminum body while the height can be extended to a maximum of 12 meters. Its structure is easy to assemble and disassemble and doesn’t remove before moving. Unlike other scaffolds, the mobile scaffold does not need extensive manpower.

Wooden & Bamboo Scaffolding: Although wooden scaffolding can be used practically anywhere (there are building laws), it is more popular outside of North America and Europe.

Until steel and the manufacture of materials became significantly more economical, pre-cut lumber was the most popular type of scaffolding.

Bamboo is more popular in Asia, where it is prized for its strength, flexibility, and environmental friendliness. Bamboo scaffolding is used to construct everything from opera buildings to skyscrapers in the most well-known city in the world. The construction and manoeuvring through numerous layers of bamboo is the responsibility of very competent designers and experts. CM

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Crushing & Sandwashing

Special Theme

Crushing and Sandwashing; Providing Material to Create Infrastructure

The crushing and screening of aggregates is of fundamental importance to the construction industry because it provides the building blocks with which to create structures such as roads and houses. So, with old structures requiring repair and growing populations driving the demand for new constructions, aggregates suppliers are running to keep up with demand.

Contractors can size and separate waste material via the crushing and screening process, resulting in a high-quality product that can be reused or sold for a profit. The relevance of this sort of equipment is highlighted by the fact that if the material is not recycled, it results in deposit and transportation charges. Crushing and screening systems are critical to a quarrying operation's overall cost effectiveness. Washing and classifying sand and aggregates, as well as a variety of other materials, allows manufacturers to meet a wide range of requirements. Producers can use washing and classifying systems to remove superfluous water, eliminate harmful material, and sort particles by size. Sand and aggregates must be washed for a variety of markets and uses. The finished product must now meet the requirements set out by the world's ever-stricter and more demanding markets. Where dry screening was once acceptable, washing and

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scrubbing are now necessary to create a silt-free, contaminant-free result.

For a long time, quarries have relied on mobile crushers. They take advantage of belt conveyor transportation, which eliminates the need for road construction and truck haulage, resulting in cost savings. Mobile crushing and screening systems are becoming more common in crushed stone mining regions, as well as in the processing of construction material on construction engineering sites (highways, tunnels) and in building construction. They're employed on crushed stone mining sites to process blasted raw material, old spoil dumps, and overburden. A suitable configuration of mobile processing plants is determined based on the type of material and the desired stone output.

Many sections of quarrying and aggregates production still rely heavily on stationary equipment. Mobile equipment, on the other hand, can have a number of advantages in many small and medium-sized businesses, and they have gotten even more compelling over time as set-up has been faster and easier, and machines

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have been built to be easy to transport.

Tracked crusher plants have seen significant evolution over the previous several decades as their designs have been revised on a regular basis. The introduction of electric power and hybrid systems in place of diesel-hydraulic drive systems, as well as reductions in size, weight, fuel consumption, cost-per-ton, and noise and dust generation, are all major trends. Impact crushers may now meet Tier 4 Final emissions regulations and come with or without a built-in screen, as well as a variety of alternatives for recycling materials.

The tracked impact crusher's standout feature for recycling applications is its mobility, which is complemented with excellent production per hour. On its tracked undercarriage, the units are completely self-contained and may be driven off a trailer by one operator and rapidly put to work, with outstanding potential for moving directly to materials. Some of the models can even track (move about on their tracks) while smashing.

The track-drive and power to the crusher have traditionally been provided by a diesel-hydraulic || www.constructionmirror.com ||

engine in mobile impact crushers. Electricdrive and hybrid systems are one of the most significant advancements in the last decade, and their development is seen as one of the most important trends going forward, especially given the importance of fuel efficiency, rising transportation and operational costs, and the global focus on reducing emissions.

More hybrid technologies, such as electric/diesel hybrids, will be available in the future, resulting in lower fuel consumption and reduced noise.

Advances in pollutant removal and washing systems integrated into closed-circuit crushers will also be seen. Another area where we might expect advancements is GPS systems.

GPS devices, which are linked to onboard belt scales, allow for remote monitoring and control.

This provides supervisors with complete visibility into remote operations.

Diesel-electric power is the way of the future because of all the benefits it offers in terms of reduced fuel costs and carbon footprint.

Crushing debris on-site with an excavatormounted bucket crusher can have substantial || www.constructionmirror.com ||

benefits for construction and demolition experts.

Bucket crusher hydraulic attachments boost carrier versatility and make it easier to handle and process concrete debris, rubble, masonry, asphalt, natural stone, and rock. They enable operators to process up to 100 tonnes of material per hour while using less on-site equipment, reducing transportation expenses, and lowering dumpsite costs.

A bucket crusher is a compact jaw crusher that is installed on a carrier. A bucket with a fixed bottom and one moving jaw crushes the material against it is the most frequent setup. The jaw is moved by a hydraulic motor rotating an eccentric element positioned on an axle.

Contractors utilise bucket crusher attachments to crush debris into appropriate sizes—ranging from three-quarters of an inch to six inches—so that it can be reused as backfill on the job site or transported to another location.

On building sites, operators frequently crush excavated stone so the subsequent aggregate can be used for construction. In quarries and gravel pits, contractors often use these attachments to crush boulders after prescreening and small amounts of soft stones. Demolition contractors rely on these tools to make quick work of processing materials generated on-site without the need for standalone crushers.

Whatever the application, the bucket crusher attachment provides a cost-effective alternative to transporting large pieces of material to a dumpsite or recycling yard. While a bucket crusher is generally not a replacement for a portable rock crusher, it can serve as an alternative to a traditional crusher in confined areas, such as worksites in urban areas.

Bucket crusher attachments are available in a variety of sizes. To select the right size of bucket crusher for the application, contractors should first determine the size of the carrier that will be used with the attachment to assure it does not exceed the carrier’s capacity.

In addition to carrier size, decision makers need to consider various features to enhance productivity based on their specific needs.

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pieces of equipment in an operator’s fleet.

Aggregate crushing and screening is critical to the construction industry because it provides the building blocks needed to construct structures like roads and houses. As a result, aggregates providers are scrambling to keep up with demand, with ageing structures in need of maintenance and a growing population fueling need for new developments.

Sandwashing

The sand washing plant is a type of sand washing machine that is specifically designed for cleaning sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, construction materials, the chemical industry, highways, railways, water conservation, hydropower, and other industries all use it. Cleaning sand and gravel using a sand washer may eliminate contaminants from the surface, destroy the water vapour layer in the gravel, and create the impact of dehydration, allowing the gravel to clean more effectively.

A single spiral sand washer and a twin spiral sand washer are two types of spiral sand washers.

It is mostly used in highways, hydropower, construction, and other sectors for washing, grading, and impurity removal, as well as washing and selecting fine and coarse particles. It has a low power consumption, good cleanliness, a good sealing construction, the transmission device is totally enclosed, and the weir plate is adjustable, all of which contribute to the equipment's high efficiency. A spiral sand washing plant has a high cleaning capacity and can efficiently remove

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mud contaminants from sand. It's typically used in large-scale sand manufacturing processes.

Sand washing equipment for artificial sand is the wheel sand washer (including natural sand). Sand and gravel, mining, construction materials, transportation, chemical industry, water conservation and hydropower, and concrete mixing plants all employ wheel sand washing machinery for material washing. Wheel sand washing equipment is a type of water sand washing machine that is used in conjunction with a sand washer. The wheel sand washing equipment can remove stone powder and contaminants, resulting in better sand quality.

The drum sand washing machine collides, rubs, and rolls the sand and gravel in the drum, and then sprays them with a high-pressure water pistol, resulting in a great water demand but a large production.

The drum sand washing machine offers several advantages over the spiral sand washing machine, including a higher output, lower running noise, and ease of maintenance. It is utilised in building sites, sand and gravel factories, prefabrication companies, and hydroelectric power stations for desliming and screening enormous amounts of sand and gravel, as well as ore separation processes. A vibrating sand washer is a type of professional stone washing equipment that has a high output and uses little water. A vibrating sand washing machine (stone) can remove soil, ash, and debris from the material and has the advantages of a simple structure, low maintenance, and high

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cleaning efficiency. An eccentric block on the upper section of the vibrating screen, a circular vibrator, and a motor make up the machine. It may be automatically separated and cleaned with the use of equipment, strong springs, and its functioning concept.

Ways to Improve the Process of Sand Washing Maintain a reasonable liquid level in the sand washing machine: The cleaning effect cannot be reached if the liquid level is too low; if the liquid level is too high, water resources are squandered, but the perfect cleaning effect cannot be achieved, and the ore is likely to overflow. The amount of materials used for one-time cleaning must be within the given range, or the system will fail.

Adjust the concentration to the critical value: During the operation of the sand washing machine, the key factor that needs to be changed is the ore concentration. It has to do with the particle size that has been graded, as well as the processing capacity of that particle size.

Under the critical concentration, the sand washing machine's processing capacity reaches its maximum. The critical concentration is proportional to the graded particle size specified and varies with ore density and muck content.

Clarify sand and gravel qualities: The sand washing machine's output capacity is dependent on the properties of sand and gravel, such as

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hardness, density, mud content, and particle size of the sand and gravel materials. For example, the uneven sand and gravel materials, as well as their own unique characteristics, may affect the sand washing equipment's processing ability. The sand washing machine's production capacity is directly related to the density of the material. The viscosity of the slurry is primarily affected by mud content and ore size, which reduces viscosity and increases mineral particle sedimentation speed.

Make sure the installation location is appropriate: The sand washer should be placed in a suitable location, it can be placed on a flat ground, or placed at a high place, but the plane must be hard enough, and it must not be placed close to the water source. These places are prone to collapse. Cause unnecessary production troubles.

In addition, there must be sufficient production space to ensure stable material transportation and production, and sufficient storage space for machine-made sand after cleaning to avoid secondary pollution.

The operators should be properly trained: According to our research, more than 60% of low or affected production capacity may be caused by the error or Illegal operation. Poor technical level will affect the normal operation of the equipment, and will greatly reduce the production efficiency of the sand washing machine. In some cases, those wrong operations may even break the equipment. CM || www.constructionmirror.com ||

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Industry Focus

Roads & Highways

Smart Roads & transportation

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The goal of new roadway design paradigms is to improve road user safety, convenience, and comfort while also meeting societal mobility, health, and safety requirements.

One recent trend in developing and implementing full streets, for example, has considerably raised demand for narrower lane widths. On the existing right of way, traffic lane widths are frequently lowered to create room for additional lanes, parking, bike lanes, and larger walkways. This trend has a greater influence in metropolitan areas, where right of way is generally in short supply. With the growing need for more active modes of transportation, this trend is expected to continue.

Roads are the most important national assets for transportation and serve as a stepping stone for the national economy to expand and reap social advantages. Roads and road transportation are always changing in reaction to major social, economic, and environmental changes. The creation of integrated and cost-effective transportation

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systems for the mobility of people and products is further motivated by economic progress and the fast-paced urbanisation trend. With the country's developing road network and ambitious road building plans, R&D contributions become increasingly valuable, given the large influence that even slight technology changes can have in such a context. Despite the pandemic-induced lockdown and mobility limitations in many parts of the country, highway building increased by 74% year over year in April-May of this fiscal year, to 1,470 km (24.1 km/day). Of course, the significant year-on-year rise is based on a low base (14.1 km/day in April-May 2021), but even when compared to April-May 2020 (28.2 km/day), the state-sector highway builders' performance is impressive. Planning and design, construction, and operation and maintenance are the three phases of every major construction project. The appearance and spread of autonomous vehicles is one of the most recent significant changes and innovations in transportation engineering; with this technology becoming more common and ordinary by the day, it is now necessary

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to implement some systems and contexts to facilitate autonomous vehicle operations. As a result, a new approach to dealing with road infrastructures is emerging, with the goal of simplifying and improving the efficiency and maintenance of existing roads, increasing the life cycle of newly constructed roads, and minimising the economic and financial impact at the same time.

Intelligent Roads What is the definition of an intelligent highway?

It's a highway where automobiles don't crash and there's no traffic congestion. It's a world where cars can identify a problem ahead of them and avoid it by slowing down or taking a different path. Hopefully, intelligent highways will significantly reduce the number of road deaths in the next ten years, while also improving travel efficiency and speed. In some ways, an intelligent roadway will be a source of alternative energy because halted traffic will use less electricity.

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w w w. c o n s t r u c t i o n m i r r o r. c o m

traffic.

Intelligent signs and roads are the future of smart transportation. Indeed, we are entering an era in which the information superhighway (connectivity, the Internet, and the data grid) collides with the transportation highway. Roads are no longer thought of as solely a physical thing or a solid foundation. They will be 'empowered' with information-communications, intelligence, and sensing capabilities never before possible.

Smart roads employ Internet of Things (IoT) devices to make driving safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly, in accordance with government goals. Physical infrastructures like sensors and solar panels are combined with software infrastructures like AI and big data to create smart highways. Physical infrastructures like sensors and solar panels are combined with software infrastructures like AI and big data to create smart highways.

Smart Roads Smart road technologies are incorporated in roads and can help with visibility, energy generation, communication with autonomous and connected

vehicles, road monitoring, and more.

Autonomous vehicles are one of the most significant advancements in automotive and civil engineering in recent years, and they are projected to provide numerous benefits in terms of emissions, operational performance, and safety. The only vehicles now on the market are categorised as level 3 SAE, which means they include ADS (Automated Driving Systems) that allow autonomous moves only in particular situations and require human participation otherwise. Legislative issues are frequently cited as one of the problems impeding the adoption of autonomous vehicles. However, the major issue is most likely the infrastructural condition of many countries around the world. Several experiments for higher automation level vehicles have been conducted, demonstrating that autonomous vehicles can run correctly and safely when intelligent technologies are deployed in the environment where they operate.

The vast majority of Indian roadways are flexible pavements with bitumen as a common binding material. The ability to mill and recycle the surfaces of flexible pavements throughout the repair and maintenance phase is one of their significant advantages. Pavement mixtures have been utilised in India for decades utilising Hot Mix Asphalt and bitumen aggregate. Cold mix bituminous emulsion is being more widely used around the world, including in India, as a result of technological advancements and an emphasis on sustainable development. Energy savings, a pollution-free environment, and safer working conditions for construction workers are just a few of the key advantages of cold mix bitumen. Smart Roads would eventually produce a condition similar to a "neural network" if

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they were implemented in cities. All points on the various branches would be connected and continuously monitored. Maintenance activities by quickly identifying deterioration and traffic management by monitoring which regions are more susceptible to congestion phenomena would be the key benefits of this sort of asset.

Roads that harvest energy Roads were designed to connect people and goods from one location to another. Due to impediments, cars will have to go across bumpy areas or take long journeys rather than straight ones if there are no roadways. Smart roads of the future, on the other hand, will be capable of more than merely paving the path to destinations.

The idea of harvesting energy from highways has also lately surfaced.

Road energy can be harvested in a variety of ways.

To create electrical energy, some use sunshine (thus the term solar highways), while others use mechanical vibrations produced by automobiles as they travel along the road. Street lights, signage, and traffic signals can all be powered by solar energy captured on roads. The gathered energy can be stored or fed into the electric power system. This is where the transportation power grid joins the electricity generation grid, altering the power supply paradigm in the future.

Photovoltaic modules are put directly on top of road surfaces to capture sunlight for solar roadways. The generated energy can also be

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utilised to illuminate roadway dividers at night and melt snow and ice throughout the winter.

Roads that automatically charge your vehicle (‘electrified roads’) EVs are being more widely used as a result of rising tendencies to minimise carbon emissions and alleviate fuel shortages. EVs, on the other hand, must be recharged if the battery capacity is depleted. It can be tough to find charging outlets near you, especially if you live in the country. Charge stations can now be found in retail malls and parking lots around cities.

In addition, several public transportation and schools are now entirely powered by electricity.

Buses on campus in Korea can be charged continuously and automatically, allowing them to use smaller batteries (a third in size of those in regular electric cars). For the future, some towns have proposed using specially designated charging lanes for autonomous electric trucks.

Trucks typically travel great miles to deliver goods, necessitating frequent recharging. A 1.2-mile stretch of road in Stockholm in Sweden has been converted to a "electrified road." As automobiles and trucks travel down the road, it recharges their batteries. It's part of Sweden's eRoadArlanda initiative, which intends to replace roadside charging stations with dynamic charging stations. This does not rely on the use of train tracks on the road, as proposed by the Swedish.

Roads with smart wireless digital traffic signs

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Traffic road signs have been in existence and in use for a long time. In fact, the UK and USA are among the first few countries in the world that deploy traffic signs to warn drivers and enforce traffic rules. However, there are issues associated with traffic signs, such as poor visibility of traffic signs, challenges in placing signs, and difficulty in remembering the highway code.

There are over many signs to study and memorise in the highways of the country, making it challenging for elderly drivers and those with declining memory. The idea behind a wireless digital traffic sign, as depicted in Figure 8, is to incorporate a server into the traffic sign board. The appropriate sign is then sent to oncoming traffic through wireless transmission.

The wireless sign signal is subsequently picked up by a receiver unit in the automobile, which alerts the driver (verbally or on the display).

This eliminates the need for the driver to keep an eye out for signs while driving, allowing him to concentrate on the road ahead of him. For a long time, traffic road signs have been and been in use. In reality, the United Kingdom and the United States are among the world's first countries to use traffic signs to warn drivers and enforce traffic laws. However, traffic signs have disadvantages such as limited visibility, trouble

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positioning signs, and difficulty remembering the highway code.

Using this novel wireless traffic sign has various advantages: I It eliminates the need for the sign to be visible to the human eye, (ii) It relieves the driver of the burden of watching for signs while driving, (iii) It relieves the driver of the burden of remembering all traffic signs, (iv) It is unaffected by poor weather and lighting conditions, (v) It is programmable, which means changing a sign is as simple as reprogramming it, and (vi) It eliminates the need for complex signal processing and image traffic sign recognition that is in used in self-driving cars today, (vii) automatic computation of traffic volume, and (viii) low cost.

Roads with smart traffic violation detection, citation and notification Pre-installed cameras and speed radar detectors with white line markings on the highways are the traditional techniques of detecting traffic offences. Due of limited vision, these strategies are less effective in rain, snow, and fog. There have been two recent solutions for autonomous traffic violation detection: (i) using wireless digital traffic signs, and (ii) using drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

Intersections that are well-designed

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Next Issue: November 2021

CONSTRUCTION MIRROR An Outlook of the Construction Equipment & Infrastructure Industry

8th Golden Anniversary Issue

REASONS TO ADVERTISE WITH CONSTRUCTION MIRROR Industry Leaders Profiled Unique Editorial Programme Target Readership of Senior Decision Makers Distributed at Key National & International Events A Unique Platform Geared for Brand Promotion

CONTACT FOR

MORE DETAILS National Business Head Subhash Chandra : +91-98990 72636 Email: s.chandra@constructionmirror.com subh.constructionmirror@gmail.com West & South Pradeep Kumar: +91-9702818098 Email: pradeep.k@constructionmirror.com pradeep.constructionmirror@gmail.com www.construc�onmirror.com

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Roads & Highways

Industry Focus

Due to road crossings and the blockage of views of vehicles approaching from different directions, road intersections are prone to accidents. As a result, over time, work on smart junction technology and solutions has progressed.

Increasing the length of green light times to allow cyclists to safely navigate the crossing.

Detecting jaywalkers and alerting drivers of connected vehicles approaching a traffic crossing.

Providing emergency vehicles with preferential access to traffic lights.

Developing intelligence such that the intersection system can recognise and analyse 'near-misses' at intersections from pedestrians, bicycles, and automobiles.

Reducing travel time by adjusting traffic signal timing dynamically.

Future of Smart Roads For future smart cities, smart roads will be an essential component of smart transportation.

Over the last two decades, we've seen the advancement and development of many technologies that have aided in the convergence and implementation of smart roads. However, new developments may emerge in the future that will aid in the reshaping of smart roadways.

Smart roads will result in increased automation, higher energy efficiency, reduced costs, improved public safety, cleaner air, a greener environment, less traffic congestion, fewer accidents and fatalities, and thus an overall improvement in city residents' quality of life.

Roads will no longer be seen as static infrastructures, but as a "intelligent grid" that is completely aware of its surroundings, context, and circumstance. Smart roads will also be 'end-to-end,' which means they will benefit not only city citizens but also city leaders and operators. Residents will be able to communicate with the smart transportation entity via their mobile phones (when walking or commuting), while city operators would be able to monitor traffic and environmental conditions remotely but attentively, responding in a timely manner on demand.

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The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) built 790 km in the first two months of the current fiscal, followed by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) (465 km), and the National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation (465 km) (215 km).

For the years 2021-22, the NHAI has set a goal of building 4,600 kilometres of highway. NHAI built a total of 4,192 kilometres last fiscal year, up from 3,979 kilometres in 2019-20 and 3,380 kilometres in 2018-19.

Nitin Gadkari, the Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways, inaugurated or lay the foundation stones for 34 road projects worth Rs 9,577 crore in Madhya Pradesh, and stated the Centre will sanction additional similar projects totaling Rs 1 lakh crore for the state in the coming days. Gadkari had earlier visited Jaora in Ratlam district to assess the development of the under-construction Delhi-Mumbai Expressway.

Gadkari lay the foundation stones for 34 road projects worth Rs 9,577 crore in Madhya Pradesh during the event. These projects, according to officials, are connected to 1,356 kilometres of road in Madhya Pradesh. A 168-kilometer stretch of Gwalior-Jhansi-Khajuraho road was opened at a cost of Rs 2,209 core. On a two-day visit to Sohna in Haryana, Dausa and Bundi in Rajasthan, and Ratlam in Madhya Pradesh, Shri Nitin Gadkari, Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways, evaluated the status of work on the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway. Shri Gadkari, along with Haryana Chief Minister Shri M.L. Khattar and Union Minister Shri Rao Inderjit Singh, observed the expressway's progress in Sohna. In Haryana, 160 kilometres of road development will be completed, with 130 kilometres of work already awarded.

Between 2020 and 2025, India will invest approximately USD 1.4 trillion in infrastructure.

The government's National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) details the infrastructure projects that will get funding across the country. NIP encourages collaborations and joint ventures with strong global infrastructure developers to boost domestic capacity and improve private sector performance. The NIP projects will provide around USD 26.9 billion in funding for roads and highways. The private sector is expected to implement about 39 of these projects. CM || www.constructionmirror.com ||

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Smart Cities

Industry Theme

‘Smart cities’ are being evolved and developed for turning into the centers of investment

A smart city can be understood as a designation given to a city that incorporates information and communication technologies (ICT) for the purpose of elevating the quality and performance of urban services such as energy, transportation and utilities with the intention to make the judicious consumption of resources, diminishing wastage and overall costs. In other words, Smart cities are cities that utilize technology to make daily life more sustainable, efficient, transparent and intelligent. Smart cities are based upon smart tech, the internet of things (IoT) and the application of geographical information systems (or GIS software) to contextualize massive amounts of assembled massive data and information.

With an intention of eliminating the inequality of urban localities and pathetic conditions of survival within the Indian cities, the scheme of Smart Cities Mission (SCM) was launched on part of the Indian administration in the month of June of the year 2015 with an objective of creating 100

Smart Cities

Industry Theme ‘smart cities’ within the tenure of five years, i.e. (by 2020). It is one among the various urban strategies initiated by India’s current National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government at the centre, with the clear aspiration of elevating the living standards of civilians of Indian cities. Though the phrase ‘Smart Cities’ has a different approach and meaning to different people and regions. In other words, it has not been stated anywhere by the government in any of the official document, the Statement of the Smart Cities Mission and Guidelines (hereafter SCM Guidelines) signifies that a ‘smart city’ will owe the following amenities: adequate supply of water; assured electricity; sanitation, along with the management of solid waste; well organized urban mobility and public transportation; budget friendly housing, specifically for the lower income groups; robust channels for connectivity of Information Technology and digitalization; ideal governance, specifically participation of civilians; sustainable surroundings; protection and security of civilians; healthy and bright future prospective for education and learning. Explanation of the concept and term has been left to be decided by the state government and independent cities too, the term is used loosely across a wide range of actors, usually with various layers of comprehension. And thus lack of a well-defined framework for the administration.

Selection Procedure of Smart Cities and their Timeline A descriptive procedure for the selection procedure and completion of ‘smart cities’ based over a multiple-stage of competition format has been adopted by the Government of India.

The Guidelines of SCM encourages the complementarily with the procedures and strategies being introduced by the administration at the centre and state as well. The Guidelines particularly appeals for uniting of the projects within the Proposal of Smart City along with other policies of the central government, include the following: Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT): An urban renewal programme was also initiated in 2015 that intends at extending 500 cities of the nation with up gradation, advancements and creation of the physical infrastructure such as the supply of water, drainage, sewerage, transport and green spaces.

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A sum of Rs 50,000 crore has allocated by the government of India for AMRUT for five years.

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Housing for All–2022): A national policy that intends to present the amenity for housing for EWS and LIG(s), with an ambitious target of around 10 million count of houses (which was revised in 2017 from the proposed target of 20 million houses in 2015) in urban areas and 30 million count of houses within rural localities by the year 2022.

National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY): The scheme was initiated with an aim to make happen the urban planning and conservation of ‘heritage cities.’

The Digital India Programme: A national scheme to deliver the enhanced digital access and connectivity of cyberspace to the citizens of India. Proposals for the entire list of shortlisted ‘smart cities’ are required to hold a segment which is known as ‘Convergence Agenda,’ which must specify the schemes and policies that the projects intend to access funding from and the manner in which convergence is expected to be achieved.

Mechanism for the Implementation of the Smart Cities Mission The Guidelines of Supply Chain Management (SCM) requires each ‘smart city’ for the creation of a new organization which is known as the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) that will be accepted and established as “a limited company incorporated under the Companies Act 2013 at the city-level, in which the State/UT and the ULB will be the promoters possessing the half shares equally, i.e., in the ratio of 50:50 in holding of the equity shares.

The private sectors or the financial institutions could be considered for taking equity stake in the SPV provided the pattern of shareholding in the ratio of 50:50 of the State/UT and the ULB is preserved and the adjoined State/UT and the ULB have major chunk of shareholding and dominance of the SPV. The Special Purpose Vehicle will be considered liable for the process of planning, appraising, approving, releasing of funds, operating and managing, monitoring and evaluating the development projects for the mission implementation at the level of city which is to be leaded by the Board of Directors and should consist of the officials of the central || www.constructionmirror.com ||

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government, state government and ULB of the city.

The Mission enables the financial institutions as well as the firms belonging to the private sector to be appraised for a stake of equity in the Special Purpose Vehicle, for as much as the governmental organization has generated in it have a progressive majority of shareholding in it. This implies that the constructive implementation of the mission is contingent over the evolution of the SPV and its hurdle performance. The website of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs present that out of the 99 selected cities, 92 have generated Special Purpose Vehicles.

Challenges for Smart Cities Infrastructure As we move closer to these futuristic cities with seemingly unfathomable simplicity, the demand for smart technology development and IT problemsolving only continues to grow. Although the number of developers and innovators tackling Smart City innovations is increasing, there still remains a series of problems all developers face at some point or another in their solutions.

Here are some of the common challenges facing Smart City solutions today, and how developers can begin to address these barriers to success.

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Infrastructure: Smart Cities utilize sensor technology to gather and analyze information in an effort to improve the quality of life for residents. Sensors collect data on everything from rush hour stats to crime rates to overall air quality.

Complicated and costly infrastructure is involved in installing and maintaining these sensors. How will they be powered? Will it involve hard-wiring, solar energy, or battery operation? Or, in case of power failure, perhaps a combination of all three?

Major metropolitan areas are already challenged with replacing decades-old infrastructure, such as underground wiring, steam pipes, and transportation tunnels, as well as installing high-speed internet.

Broadband wireless service is increasing, but there are still areas in major cities where access is limited.

Funding for new infrastructure projects is limited and approval processes can take years. Installing new sensors and other improvements cause temporary – though still frustrating – problems for people living in these cities.

Developers can help make it easier to install and utilize smart technology by considering these challenges at the very early stages of development.

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By beginning with the end in mind – which is the full implementation of the solution – developers and tech companies can speed up the process of making our cities smarter by implementing easy-toinstall hardware.

processes and be cleared in a time-bound manner.

A regulatory body should be set up for all utility services so that a level playing field is made available to the private sector and tariffs are set in a manner that balances financial sustainability with quality.

Retrofitting existing legacy city infrastructure to make it smart: There are a number of latent issues to consider when reviewing a smart city strategy.

The most important is to determine the existing city’s weak areas that need utmost consideration, e.g. 100-per-cent distribution of water supply and sanitation. The integration of formerly isolated legacy systems to achieve citywide efficiencies can be a significant challenge.

Multivendor Environment: Another major challenge in the Indian smart city space is that (usually) software infrastructure in cities contains components supplied by different vendors. Hence, the ability to handle complex combinations of smart city solutions developed by multiple technology vendors becomes very significant.

Financing smart cities: The High Power Expert Committee (HPEC) on Investment Estimates in Urban Infrastructure has assessed a per-capita investment cost (PCIC) of Rs 43,386 for a 20-year period. Using an average figure of 1 million people in each of the 100 smart cities, the total estimate of investment requirements for the smart city comes to Rs 7 lakh crore over 20 years (with an annual escalation of 10 per cent from 2009-20 to 2014-15). This translates into an annual requirement of Rs 35,000 crore. One needs to see how these projects will be financed as the majority of project need would move through complete private investment or through PPPs (public-private partnership).

Availability of master plan or city development plan: Most of our cities don’t have master plans or a city development plan, which is the key to smart city planning and implementation and encapsulates all a city needs to improve and provide better opportunities to its citizens. Unfortunately 70-80 per cent of Indian cities don’t have one.

Three-tier governance: Successful implementation of smart city solutions needs effective horizontal and vertical coordination between various institutions providing various municipal amenities as well as effective coordination between central government (MoUD), state government and local government agencies on various issues related to financing and sharing of best practices and service delivery processes.

Providing Clearances on Time: For timely completion of the project, all clearances should use online || www.constructionmirror.com ||

Capacity Building Programme: Building capacity for 100 smart cities is not an easy task and most ambitious projects are delayed owing to lack of quality manpower, both at the centre and state levels. In terms of funds, only around 5 per cent of the central allocation may be allocated for capacity building programs that focus on training, contextual research, knowledge exchange and a rich database.

Investments in capacity building programs have a multiplier effect as they help in time-bound completion of projects and in designing programs, developing faculty, building databases as well as designing tool kits and decision support systems. As all these have a lag time, capacity building needs to be strengthened right at the beginning.

Security: As IoT and sensor technology use expands, so does the threat level to security. This begs the question…is technology really considered “smart” if hackers can break into it and shut down an entire city?

Recent discussion involving cyber-terror threats to vulnerable and outdated power grids has everyone a bit more concerned and skeptical about technology and security.

Smart Cities are investing more money and resources into security, while tech companies are creating solutions with new built-in mechanisms to protect against hacking and cyber-crimes. With blockchain being the topic du jour in the tech industry, many developers are looking for ways to incorporate these encryption techniques to increase security in new applications.

Privacy Concerns: In any major city, there’s a balance between quality of life and invasion of privacy. || October 2021 ||

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Industry Theme While everyone wants to enjoy a more convenient, peaceful, and healthy environment, nobody wants to feel like they are constantly being monitored by “Big Brother.”

Smart Cities

Cameras installed on every street corner may help deter crime, but they can also install fear and paranoia in law-abiding citizens. Another valid concern is the amount of data being collected from all the smart sensors residents come into contact with each day.

Developers can help alleviate some of the anxieties of smart city residents by adding transparency and education to their solutions. By developing with the community in mind and considering how they might respond to new technology, companies can gain trust from the people their solutions are intended to help. Of course, local government officials and community boards need to be involved in the rollout and educational aspects as well.

Educating & Engaging the Community: For a Smart City to truly exist and thrive, it needs “smart” citizens who are engaged and actively taking advantage of new technologies. With any new city-wide tech project, part of the implementation process must involve educating the community on its benefits.

This can be done through a series of in-person town hall-style meetings and email campaigns with voter registration, as well as an online education platform that keeps citizens engaged and up-to-date.

When a community feels like it’s playing a part in the overall decisions that affect daily life, and is being communicated to in a clear and thoughtful manner, it’s more apt to use the technology and encourage others to use it as well. This is key to a Smart City’s success.

For instance, Lyon, France has launched almost a hundred projects to improve city life, such as smart power grids, citizen empowerment, and better air quality. The city is collaborating with residents, entrepreneurs, large corporations and startups to create a ‘city of tomorrow.’

Being Socially Inclusive: Smart transit programs that give riders real-time updates are a great idea for a bustling city. But what if half the population of that city can’t afford to take mass transit or Uber? What 84

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about a growing elderly population that doesn’t use mobile devices or apps? How will smart technology reach and benefit these groups of people?

It’s vital that Smart City planning involves the consideration of all groups of people, not just the affluent and technologically advanced. Technology should always be working to bring people together, rather than divide them further based on income or education levels. Thinking of these communities, in conjunction with the other problems addressed in this article, will promote the overall success of a solution beyond the realm of tech-savvy users.

Analysis of nominated Smart Cities The government organization named as ‘Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs’ (MoHUA) has picked 99 cities to be evolved and developed as ‘smart cities’ in the nation, on the grounds of the Proposals of Smart cities acceded by them under the competitive framework of the Smart Cities Challenge. Human rights lens has been utilized by the Housing and Land Rights Network (HLRN) in order to evaluate the provisions for the marginalized segments and groups, particularly for those pertaining to housing, within the entire proposals of the Smart Cities.

Below mentioned is an overview of analysis of the selected proposals.

Nominated Smart Cities: In five rounds of selection, comprising of the round named as fast-track (from January 2016 to January 2018), 99 cities were picked on part of a committee which incorporates the domestic as well as the intercontinental experts as its members belonging from various bodies of organizations and institutions. Cities were attained on the grounds of the existing levels of service, institutional capacities, and the records of past track. Out of the nominated 99 metropolis, the 70 of them are confined as the ‘Class I’ cities (with a population count of more then 100,000) as per the definition specified by the Census of India, nine cities among them retain the population count below then 100,000, and 20 cities among them are ‘million plus’ urban agglomeration. Cities got selected from the seven North-Eastern states of the nation was just nine.

These ‘smart cities’ are being evolved and developed

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for turning into the centers of investment and in the entire procedure, profess that they will bring the up gradation over the standards pertaining to that of infrastructure and services for residents as well.

Focused Regions of the Smart City Proposals: The Proposal of each smart city comprises of two sections.

In its first section of ‘Area-based Development’ (ABD), which on an approx include the major chunk of 80 per cent of the ‘smart city’ focus and funding, the nominated cities have the accepted projects pertaining with the redevelopment of neighbor hoods, business districts or city centers; generating the spaces for citizens or in other words creation of public spaces; and retrofitting infrastructure, such as for the sanitation and water supply. On the other hand, the second section is of ‘Pan-city Development’ which comprises the initiatives that are in general restricted to the projects related to Information Technology (IT), including the ‘smarter solutions’ for the management of traffic and closedcircuit television (CCTV)-surveillance. An evaluation of the entire Proposals of Smart city suggests that the favorable elements majorly lies within the reach of the innovative thoughts with the intention of the formulation of the technological solutions, evolving the renewable energy, promotion of sustainability of surroundings as well as constructing ‘resilience’ of cities.

Allocation of Budget for Smart Cities Last year in 2019, the Government had allocated around INR. 6,450 crore for the Smart Cities Mission for 2019-2020, as against INR. 6,169 crore in 2018-19. This is about 4.5 percent more than that of the amount set last year.

In 2018, the Government had proposed more than 50 percent increase in the allocation for smart cities in Budget 2018 from INR. 4,000 crore for 2017-18 to INR. 6,169 crore for 2018-19.

are more than 2 lakhs worth. These are in various stages of implementation in the 100 cities.

The value of the tendered smart city projects that is over INR. 1,62.000 crore, as per the statistics, that was available by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, The value of work orders have been issued at around INR. 1,20,000 crore, and the value of completed projects is more than INR. 25,000 crore.

Budget 2020 Allocates INR. 6,000 Crore For BharatNet: While reading the Budget today, FM Nirmala Sitharaman had announced INR.6,000 crores for BharatNet, in order to digitise 1 lakh Gram Panchayats in 2020. The Government wants the Gram Panchayats to be digitised, even at the Gram Panchayat level, as a part of Digital India.

Funded by Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF), BharatNet was set up to improve telecom services in rural and remote regions of India. It also looks forward to providing digital services like e-governance, e-health, e-education, and e-banking among others.

Growth Over The Days: Reports have stated that there have been a growth of around 223 percent in the number of projects tendered. Out of this, a growth of around 285 percent has been seen in the projects grounded, and around 387 percent growth in the number of projects completed.

In order to boost the implementation of Smart City Projects through peer-to-peer learning. The first Apex Conference of al Smart Cities was being organised in Bhopal in May 2018. This was followed by the 2nd Apex Conference at New Delhi in February 2019. The 3rd Apex Conference was recently held at in January 2020, at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. CM

Also, under the SCM, there have been 100 Smart Cities that were selected in four rounds based on an all India competition. These cities have incorporated Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs).

How Have Smart Cities Been Faring?

Ever since the launch of the mission, there have been a total of 5,151 projects that have been identified for the implementation by cities that || www.constructionmirror.com ||

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Guest Article

Guest Article

Empowering Smart cities with robust IoT, AI

Smart cities when done right can become one of the crowning spotlights of the 21st century. It is already elevating the living standards of people in countless cities by making their lives easier, fulfilling and more secure through previously undreamt-of services enabled by technology. While the potential is immense, the developmental approach of these cities requires a departure from conventional methods to speed up the delayed development cycles.

Rapid urban population expansion, growing citizen expectations, energy efficiency, globalisation and sustainability demands are factors putting immense pressure on smart city projects. However, the current rate of progress is inadequate to sustain the growth and demands of the future. In India, smart cities require an overarching strategy of good governance combined with a coherent policy approach emphasising on a strong safety, quality of life and improvements in the institutional, social, and physical-economic framework.

Embracing a City-Specific Development Strategy

With a diversity of geographic and climate-based versatility of the Indian sub-continent, developers face numerous hurdles that are unique to particular regions and cities. Coastal cities face challenges of extreme humidity, rain and natural disasters while other in-land cities might face extreme heating issues, this alters the entire approach to build, sustain and maintain structures.

Hence, India urgently needs to adopt smarter and advanced city management and planning techniques to accustom to these changes in terrains and deliver amenities such as water supply, waste management, transport, health and education in the most optimal way.

Addressing the Growing Talent Gap

The unique city-specific strategies can be successfully advanced if the engineering and construction enterprises have the requisite capacities and talent to adopt the radical change in times and technologies and deliver accordingly. However, there is a severe shortage of professionals with the required skills for these tasks and the gap is increasing rapidly. The need 86

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for fostering talent capacities is further aggravated with the government’s new thrust on implementing reforms in the urban sector and to effectively cater to the massive planned public and private sector infrastructure.

Implementing New-Age Infrastructure Technology In The Development Phase

Capitalising on a syndicate of digital innovations like mobile, social, analytics, cloud, IoT, blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), AR and VR technologies in the construction phase will positively impact productivity and facilitate timely project completion. Leveraging real-time information from sites, machines and workers helps to optimize the working and reduce wastage.

With the help of state-of-the-art enterprise solutions, companies can source and manage all the information and functions from a single database. This will enable them to reduce the overall implementation cycle time and ensure quicker ROI. Another crucial technology for building smart cities is 5D Building Information Modelling (BIM) for estimators and surveyors. With 5D BIM, it is possible to know in advance about collisions between architectural, design, plumbing and electrical blueprints that are difficult to detect in 2-Dimensional blueprints. This results in building a better-integrated environment in the entire smart city site. It also enables developers to cater to various smart city requirements more effectively, concluding in better design, performance and quality outcomes.

Conclusion

With India adding more vigour to its policies and intent, smart cities are gaining more momentum.

Both the public and private sectors are evolving their brand of smart cities accordingly. They aspire to offer a perfect fusion of functional systems like infrastructure, governance, biodiversity, citizen services system and many more services propelled by intelligent technologies to make life easier and better. However, we need to address the talent and infrastructure gap created through rapid urbanisation and employ better practices in the development phase to save cost and improve productivity on sites. CM || www.constructionmirror.com ||

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Guest Article

Vetrotech Saint-Gobain announces the newest addition to their impressive range of bullet resistant glass solutions

Guest Article

First of its kind new bullet-resistant glass solution in India that offers NIJ Level 3 protection

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Vetrotech Saint-Gobain is the leading expert in fire-safety and high-security glass solutions. With an expertise of over four decades, the Swiss brand has unveiled a new bullet-resistant glass, a 65mm thick Vetrogard®, which has been developed, tested, and certified in India. Vetrotech’s first-of-its-kind NIJ bullet resistant glass in India has been tested against Level 3 bullet resistance as per the NIJ standard. The product is designed to protect from bullet strikes from an AK-47 rifle. Vetrotech Saint-Gobain offers a one-stop system solution for the high-security glass doors and partitions, complete with bulletresistant frames, glass and accessories for various

applications. The new range is manufactured at the state-of-the-art production facility in Chennai, India.

Vetrotech Saint-Gobain is the trusted expert in high-security glass solutions. Their wide array of solutions offers uncompromised protection to both people and property; thereby, the new product is a remarkable addition to their portfolio of bullet resistant glass solutions. The high-security glass solutions find application in both commercial and residential buildings. The high-security glasses find applications in high-end luxury residences, banks, embassies, hotels, offices, government buildings such as secretariats, and VVIP rooms.

What is NIJ Level 3 bullet-resistance?

NIJ (National Institute of Justice) is an American test standard to determine the ballistic resistance offered by a material. A 7.62mm calibre bullet travelling at 838 m/s is shot 5 times from a distance of 5 metres from the glass. The glass qualifies as NIJ Level 3 bullet resistant when none of the bullets perforate the glass and when there are no glass splinters (NS) on the non-attack side.

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stringent international standards in international test laboratories in Germany and Netherlands. The occupants can be sure that they are on the safe side.

One-stop System Solution:

Vetrotech offers a one-stop system solution for the high-security glass doors and partitions, and the projects are effectively handled from start to finish. The solution offered is complete with bulletresistant glass, frames, and accessories. Glass is only a component of the system solution and it is important to choose a complete system solution that is fully tested and certified to offer protection.

Superior all-round Protection:

Vetrotech’s high-security glass solutions can be customized to provide protection from bullet strikes and explosions along with protection from threats of burglars and vandals. These solutions, conceptualized in Switzerland, are made in India in a state-of-the-art production facility in Chennai.

Aesthetic Appeal with a Modern look

Using high-security glass doors and windows ensures that the occupants enjoy a better view and connect with the surroundings without any compromise on protection from various threats. Glass adds to the aesthetic appeal to the building's overall architecture with its modern looks while providing high-security protection. CM

In addition to the uncompromised security offered by the glass, here are some unique features of the all new bullet resistant glass solution from Vetrotech Saint-Gobain:-

First of its kind in India:

The NIJ Level 3 bullet-resistant glass solution developed by Vetrotech is the first of its kind in India. The product, which is tested against 5 bullet strikes from an AK 47 rifles, offers uncompromised protection and security. The range of high-security solutions offered by Vetrotech is unmatched by other locally available high-security glass suppliers.

Stringent Testing & Certification:

When it comes to life-safety there can be no compromise. High-security glasses must be adequately tested and certified in accredited laboratories. Vetrotech’s high-security glass products are tested and certified as per very || www.constructionmirror.com ||

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Guest Article

FROM STEEL TO ALUMINIUM: THE BRACE FOR AN ENORMOUS TRANSITION IN EV'S

Guest Article

Mr. Deepak Mathur, Sr. Vice President, Global Marketing & Sales Jindal Aluminium Limited

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As a metal, Aluminium is not new to the auto industry.

It's over a century since the first sports car featuring an Aluminium body premiered at the Berlin International Motor Show in 1899. It has proven itself to be a universally versatile metal. What interest the EV manufacturers about Aluminium over steel are its sustainable nature, light-weighting capabilities, and energy efficiency.

The announcement of state-level policies partnering India's climate change commitments to reduce emission intensity by 33-35% by 2030 from 2005 levels has set the ball rolling for the adoption of EVs (Electric Vehicles). India's commitment to go green during the COP21 Summit held in Paris makes it pertinent to introduce alternative mobility methods. The announced policies and regulations for the manufacture and sale of EVs by different state governments are very encouraging. And with a constant push from the Government of India, it is estimated that India will be one of the largest markets for EVs by 2040. A catalyst making this objective possible is Aluminium.

Emerging Challenges

When we look at automobile manufacturing, metals used as raw materials are examined for strength and resistance. The popularity of steel is due to its easy availability, cost-effectiveness. However, as the world transitions from internal combustion engines to EVs, searching for a stronger yet lighter metal has led to Aluminium. It is a metal that also offers several other benefits like being circular in nature and can play a vital role in ensuring electric mobility plans are a success.

Aluminium is known not just for enhancing energy efficiency but also for reducing carbon emissions.

It reduces vehicular weight helping in smoother acceleration boosting the performance, safety, efficiency, and durability of an electric vehicle, besides rendering several benefits that include protecting our

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environment.

Immense Benefits

In present-day automobile manufacturing, Aluminium is the second most used material next to steel. A kg of Aluminium can replace two kgs of steel or cast iron.

That is the kind of benefit that the industry wants to make use of, as it braces for an enormous transition from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles.

With electric mobility gaining speed and its wide adoption eventually reducing vehicle emissions, the materials used for manufacturing will remain a critical part of the process. And given the versatile use of Aluminium, this can go beyond the production phase to actual vehicle use and associated infrastructure.

Currently, the automobile industry uses aluminum to manufacture frames and bodies, electrical wiring, brakes system, air conditioner condenser, and many other components. Given Aluminium's performance, safety, environmental benefits, fuel efficiency, and durability, estimates in the public domain suggest that for every 10 lakh electric vehicles sold, the Aluminium demand will be 2.5 lakh tons, with average Aluminium content of 250 kg/EV.

Creating an Ecosystem

The versatile use of Aluminium takes it beyond the manufacturing of components for electric vehicles.

The transition to EV's also finds a role for Aluminium in the associated infrastructure needed for the success of these vehicles. For example, batteries, charging stations, and battery casings put together, are expected to increase the usage of Aluminium up to 80 kg per vehicle on average.

Today, downstream Aluminium is working to make the best alloys and solutions available to meet the EV manufacturing requirements for both vehicles and associated charging infrastructure. It will increase its usage per vehicle and fulfill Global goals of using EVs made sustainably for a cleaner future. CM || www.constructionmirror.com ||

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EVENT DIARY 2022

15-18 Feb 2022 EcoPark, Rajarhat, Kolkata, India

18-21 Feb 2022 At CODISSIA Coimbatore India

The 9th Edition of the exhibition, of “IME 2021”, a prestigious biennial international exhibition focused on Mining, Equipment, Minerals, Metals and allied industries in India. 9th IME 2021 is scheduled during October 26-29, 2021 at Eco Park, Rajarhat, Kolkata, India concurrent to a very high level 9th Asian Mining Congress organized by MGMI.

Construction involves the art, trade and work of a building. Behind this genre of creation are the effort, dedication and intelligence of many hands and many brains. In effect, each building is an idea erected to the sky; with the perfect synchronized support of those hands of construction industry. BUILD INTEC 2020, an international construction expo, is conceived to bring together the powers, which render life to the art of construction, under one roof.

www.miningexpoindia.com

27-29 April 2022

21-23 April 2022

Mumbai, India www.india.intermatconstruction.com

Bangalore International Exhibition Centre

Intermat is the international trade show for construction machinery & materials and among the top 3 construction show worldwide organized

by Comexposium- the leading European Event Organisers. Comexposium has officially associated with Inter Ads- An Indian trade show organizer, to create a new Intermat India Show which will provide the best across to the construction industry in the entire Indian region. India is the one of the world's most dynamic and fast growing regiobs companies and brands in a strategic location.

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http://www.buildintec.codissia.com/

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India Buildtech 2022 is India's dedicated trade fair and expo for construction industry. India Buildtech 2022 will be held on 07-10 April 2022 at New Delhi, India, which complements BuildTech Asia showcasing the cutting-edge integrated lights, sound and visuals technologies that enhance the facade and interior of buildings. The colocated industry conferences will offer plenty of opportunities to network with the diverse industry leaders and subject matter experts.

2022

www.roofindia.com

in the world and inspite of the global economic scenario, the Building Construction & Infrastructure industry in India continues to boom.

Buildings/Factories,

www.indiabuildtech.com

India Expo Centre, Greater Noida www.bcindia.com

India is the 2nd fastest growing major economy

Pre-engineered

07-10 April 2022

India International Convention & Expo Centre - IICC

Airport

modernization / new airports projects, Metro Rail, New Hotel / Resorts, IT Parks, Retail Malls, Hypermarkets, Multiplexes, Integrated Townships etc are still buzzwords today in India's booming

Bauma CONEXPO India is the International Trade Fair for Construction Machinery, Building Material Machines, Mining Machines and Construction Vehicles provides the construction industry in India with a professional platform for networking, investment and the exchange of ideas and information. The show launched in 2011 and did an impressive job of putting this quality standard to the test.

Building Construction & Infrastructure industry.

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RNI No. DELENG/2013/53728.

English . Monthly. Date of Publication 7th of Every Month