CM September Issue 2022

Dear Readers,

Despite facing the multiple headwinds from the second and third wave of COVID-19, and high raw material prices, the Indian Commercial Industry performed much better than our previous estimates and recorded a 46% growth in FY2021 over FY2020.

Commercial Vehicle industry’s growth in 2021-22 was supported by increased activity in road construction, mining and improved infrastructure spending by the Central and State Governments apart from the boom in the e-commerce sector.

In summary, the fundamentals remain strong in the CV ecosystems. To begin with, operators remain profitable and truck utilization is at an all-time high. In addition, freight rates are moving in line with Diesel price increases almost real-time. And finally, the CV industry prospects look as bright as the India growth story projected for 2022-23.

We expect the CV industry to carry forward the growth momentum from Q4 FY22 into FY23. The CV industry is poised to have a break-out year and showcase a stellar growth between 23% and 34% in FY23.

In this issue we highlight - Commercial Vehicles, Concrete Batching Plants, Lubricants, Backhoe Loader, Real Estate and much more.

We invite our readers to gain the information on the various major topics of construction and infrastructure in this edition, our team have done extensive work to bring you an excellent content in detailed format.

We expect our readers to be empowered & have the courage to unleash their learning power every day. We hope we will have opened the doors to understand the topics deeply. Each issue of construction Mirror intends to be a keepsake for anyone who acquires it & of course an exquisitely enriching reading experience.

We wish you both an informative and enjoyable read in the pages ahead.

JK Tyre drives into India’s highest motorable region with Total Control

• Expands its nationwide presence by opening its first Steel Wheels showroom in Ladakh UT

• The new centre, as the retail arm of JK Tyre will increase its presence in Car & SUV Tyre market through the Ranger Series specially designed for hilly terrains

• Innovative products like Smart Tyres and Puncture Guard tyres would be accessible

Indian Tyre Industry major JK Tyre & Industries Ltd., inaugurated its first

JK Tyre Steel Wheels Centre in Leh. Designed to enhance the customer buying experience, the company’s new flagship one-stop solution centre – Ladakh Tyres & Accessories Steel Wheel Center is the 1st in the region.

Equipped with state-of-the-art wheel servicing equipment, a full range of tyres, an experience zone and expert technical advisors, the new outlet showcases JK Tyre’s retail identity for its exclusive stores.

Spread over an area of 2000 square feet in a central location, the new centre gives customers in the region, a complete buying experience while shopping for tyres, alloys and accessories. The centre also features a display and information kiosk to help consumers choose the most suitable product for their vehicle.

Mr. Anshuman Singhania, Managing Director, JK Tyre & Industries said, “The new Steel Wheels Centre in Leh is yet another example of JK Tyre’s customer-centric approach, with unmatched ‘One-Stop Solution’ service at its core. While working towards further increasing our presence in the Car and SUV tyre market, this centre will also showcase our new innovative products such as Smart Tyre and Puncture Guard tyres.”

The new Steel Wheels Centre in Leh will add to JK Tyre’s rapidly growing network of retail outlets that boast of best in class wheel servicing facilities in the country. The new brand shop will boost the brand’s presence in Ladakh and cater to the emerging needs of Car, SUV and Two-wheeler customers.

JK Tyre has an expansive retail network of over 600 Brand Shops and over 6000 channel partners across the country and is constructed to provide best in line services, including computerised wheel alignment, wheel balancing, automated tyre changing, tyre rotation, nitrogen inflation and air care, all under one roof to provide a 360-degree experience to the customer. CM

BLUE ENERGY MOTORS LAUNCHES INDIA’S FIRST LNG-FUELLED GREEN TRUCKS

The 5528 4x2 trucks were launched by Mr Anirudh Bhuwalka, CEO, Blue Energy Motors, in the presence of Mr Gerrit Marx, CEO, Iveco Group, and Mr Sylvain Blaise, President Powertrain, Iveco Group

Blue Energy Motors launches India’s first Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) fuelled

green truck at its recently inaugurated plant in Chakan, Pune, today. With a keen focus on developing LNG as an alternate-fuel, Blue Energy Motor’s heavy-duty and long-haul trucks powered by LNG are set to pioneer the green trucking revolution in India.

The market entry of the LNG-fuelled trucks is starting with the introduction of the 5528 4x2 truck as the first model. It was launched by Mr Anirudh Bhuwalka, CEO of Blue Energy Motors

in the presence of Mr Gerrit Marx, CEO of Iveco Group, and Mr Sylvain Blaise, President of Iveco Group’s Powertrain Business Unit. His Excellency Mr Vincenzo de Luca, Ambassador of Italy to India, also graced the launch ceremony.

Blue Energy Motors trucks are created and tested to meet the rigorous duty cycles of the Indian transportation sector. Through the FPT Industrial cutting-edge technology in the field of Natural Gas, these trucks provide best-inclass TCO with unparalleled riding comfort & safety for drivers throughout lengthy hauls.

The Blue Energy Motor’s 5528 truck uses FPT Industrial multipoint stoichiometric combustion

Integrated Solutions for Block

engine to ensure best-in-class fuel consumption and lower noise than diesel engines. With 280hp power and 1000Nm torque, it is one of the most powerful natural gas trucks on the Indian market and is compatible with CNG, LNG, and biomethane.

The 5528 4x2 truck has the industry’s first 1000-lt fuel tank which provides the range of up to 1400 km in a single fill. Given this long range, issues pertaining to range anxiety are well taken care of and with the upcoming LNG dispensing network, sufficient coverage across key routes in the country will be available without need of frequent refilling.

The company has installed capacity to produce 10,000 trucks / annum which can be augmented further as the eco system mature and demand ramps up.

Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Anirudh Bhuwalka, CEO, Blue Energy Motors said, “India’s first LNG truck, which we launched today, is our first step towards pioneering the green trucking revolution. We at Blue Energy Motors aim to decarbonize the environment by providing an immediate solution and breaking

the barriers of economic returns”. He added, “It is designed not only as an environmentally viable solution but will also be delivering to the business needs of customers. With near zero tail pipe emissions, our truck will help reduce CO2 up to 30%, compared to conventional solutions available in the market.”

Sylvain Blaise, President of Iveco Group’s Powertrain Business, said, “We are thrilled that FPT Industrial has joined Blue Energy Motors to begin this exciting journey towards advancing Indian commercial transport. India is one of the largest vehicle markets in the world and our cutting-edge technology and natural gas engines are key enablers of the ecological transformation and generating value for the transport operators.”

The 5528 4x2 truck is built in the facility that reflects Blue Energy Motors’s focus to disrupt the trucking industry in India by manufacturing clean energy, near-zero emissions trucks and was inaugurated earlier this month by Shri Nitin Gad kari, Hon’ble Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways. CM

ExxonMobil showcases innovation in newage fluid and digital reliability solutions at MMMM 2022

• ExxonMobil is showcasing its complete range of new-age fluid and digital reliability solutions at the Minerals, Metals, Metallurgy and Materials (MMMM) Exhibition 2022, being held at Pragati Maidan, Delhi from 25th 26th August 2022.

• The exhibition will see MobilTM Lubricants showcasing some of its key products and services such as Mobil SHCTM 600 Series, Mobil DTE 10 ExcelTM Series, Mobil ServSM Lubricant Analysis (MSLA) and Mobil ServSM Grease Analysis (MSGA) program(s).

ExxonMobil, a global leader in lubrication technology innovation, is showcasing its complete range of new-age fluid and digital reliability solutions at the Minerals, Metals, Metallurgy and Materials (MMMM) Exhibition 2022. ExxonMobil is participating in the event and featuring its full range of MobilTM branded lubricants, services, and digital solutions, specific to the steel sector.

Minerals, Metals, Metallurgy & Materials (MMMM) is an acclaimed biennial International Exhibition and Conference committed to the promotion and development of the metal and allied Industries. The event started in 1993 in association with The Indian Institute of Metals – Delhi Chapter (IIM-DC) as a trade platform with presence of all leading companies of steel and metal industry. It is now hosting its 13th edition in New Delhi. Discussing Mobil’s range of products and

services at MMMM 2022, Rupinder Paintal, Director – Market Development, ExxonMobil Lubricants Pvt. Ltd., said, “Our company’s core vision rests in unlocking value for our partners, OEMs, and end users, and we are driving innovation to constantly raise the bar for performance and quality. Our solutions are tailor-made to aid clients in maintaining trouble-free operations, lowering total cost of ownership, ensuring increased productivity and profitability. In 2022, we hope to multiply our fluid reliability and digital solutions business, which we have already expanded for the steel industry.”

At MMMM 2022, Mobil is showcasing its portfolio of products for the steel sector that is emerging as a key contributor to India’s economic growth. This includes the Mobil SHCTM 600 Series gear and circulating oils that have been delivering maximum production uptime and top performance in the steel sector. It has also been recommended by more than 500 major equipment builders and is known to reduce energy consumption. Similarly, the Mobil DTE 10 ExcelTM Series has been tailor-made to meet the needs of

modern, high pressure, industrial and mobile equipment hydraulic systems. Also, Mobil is showcasing the Mobilgrease XHPTM 462 Moly that provides excellent adhesion, structural stability and resistance to water contamination. Mobil is also showcasing its range of extra high-performance diesel engine oils like the Mobil Delvac MXTM ESP 15W-40.

Mobil is also displaying its digital services solutions that are helping businesses reap the benefits of Industry 4.0. These include the Mobil ServSM Lubricant Analysis (MSLA) program that has been developed to render precise oil monitoring and analysis, assisting businesses to achieving better efficiency. The exhibition will also see demonstrations of Mobil’s other premium service offerings such as Mobil ServSM IIoT Insights, Mobil ServSM Grease Analysis (MSGA) program, among others.

The 13th edition of International Exhibition and Conference on Minerals, Metals, Metallurgy & Materials is currently being held at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, and Mobil’s products will be on display at the M114 pavilion. CM

NTPC registers 62% growth in coal production from its captive mines

NTPC continues to demonstrate an increasing trend in coal production from its captive mines. The coal production in this fiscal till Aug 2022, was 7.36 MMT, posting a robust growth of 62 % when compared to 4.55 MMT achieved in the same period of last year.

With meticulous planning, resource mobilization, and regular monitoring, NTPC could achieve substantial growth even during the monsoon period,

so far, and is hopeful of maintaining similar growth.

The coal dispatch from NTPC’s captive mines has been 7.52 MMT against 5.47 MMT in FY22 for the same period registering a growth of 37%.

NTPC has taken various steps to augment the coal production from its coal mines. The engagement of high-capacity dumpers as well as an increase in the existing fleet size of excavators has allowed the operational mines to increase their production. CM

Shyam Steel plans to undertake major retail expansion across North India

The company plans to invest INR 2500 crore in Brownfield and Greenfield projects

Shyam Steel, one of the leading producers and manufacturers of primary TMT bars, today announced its major plan to expand its retail operations across North India, which will include the states of Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, and the NCR region. The company plans to undertake investments of around INR 2500 crore in brownfield and greenfield projects to expand its production capacity. North India has huge growth potential for the steel sector, and Shyam Steel will aim to be one of the leaders in the primary TMT bar segment across the region.

Commenting on the development, Mr. Lalit Beriwala, Director, Shyam Steel Manufacturing Limited, said, "We are on a major expansion drive to revamp our retail business operations across North India. We will be expanding our dealer distribution network across Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, and the NCR region. We are also looking to expand our production capacity from 0.7 million tonnes a year to 1.35 million tonnes a year in the next four years’ time to cater to the demands in the North India market.

Shyam Steel plans to obtain around 250 dealers in each of the above-mentioned states of North India in the next year. The company plans to generate employment for around 200 to 300 people in each of the states, which will benefit more than 1,000 families. Shyam Steel plans to generate business of around INR 1000 crore through its North India operations in the next two to three years. Currently, Shyam Steel has a production capacity of 0.7 million tonnes a year, and by April 2023, it plans to expand its capacity to 1 million tonnes a year. For this, the company is currently undertaking major brownfield investments of around INR 1000 crore in their state-of-the-art integrated steel

plant in Mejia, Durgapur. The expansion work for the plant will be completed by April 2023. Shyam Steel is planning to invest another INR 1500 crore in its greenfield plant in West Bengal. The company has already acquired 600 acres of land in Raghunathpur, Purulia, and the work for the project will commence shortly. The plant will have a production capacity of 0.35 million tonnes per year and it will be fully operational by September 2025. The company reported a turnover of INR 4500 crore in the last fiscal year and will be looking to double it to INR 9000 crore in the next three years’ time.

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THE SCENARIOS OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES

The logistics and transportation sector is one of the key determinants of an economy's competitiveness. India's logistics costs account for close to 14 per cent of the country's GDP compared to 8-10 per cent in the developed economies. There is a need to transform this sector to optimize cost while balancing it with opportunities for employment generation. Over the past decades, the transforming and evolving vehicle industries have been remarkable. The economic stability and changes in customers' sentiments and digital tech have hugely influenced the transformation. The key players in the industry have taken note of the evolution and are planning to invest more in manufacturing cars.

The commercial vehicle market is constantly evolving. Innovative product strategies need to be adapted to meet the megatrends. The commercial vehicle industry is at an important junction with technology development, globalization and growth in emerging markets set to change the face of the industry in the next decade. Automotive electronics would continue to play a key role in meeting the megatrends for the commercial vehicle sector.

Although, the global commercial vehicle sector is anticipated to start a better phase after the challenging year of 2019 where EOMs were facing several obstacles globally. The United States market experienced marginal growth in 2019 while China suffered its record decline in twenty years. Moreover, the Brexit deal is expected to cause shock waves across worldwide markets and accelerate China's trade war. As a result, the difficulty was likely to impinge until halfway through this year. Like other years, trends like the decline of sweden sales value-added services, alternative-fuel power vehicles and electrified cars will continue to dominate the vehicle industry. However, alternative and new forms of car ownership are turning out to be popular. For instance, e-powered ride-hailing and subscription services are hugely embraced across all automobile sectors.

VEHICLES

COMMERCIAL

The Market Overview of the Commercial Vehicles Region-Wise Sales declined due to the outbreak of the pandemic. Europe has become the epicenter of COVID-19 impact with approximately 50,000 units of lost production in March and April due to the stringent plant closures, supply chain challenges and stay-at-home orders. As compared to the previous year, the European region's production of commercial vehicles declined by approximately 20% by the end of 2020. The sharpest decline in demand is anticipated to be faced by Italy and the United Kingdom in Western Europe and countries including Poland in Central Europe where the trucking industry prominently supports the European goods movement.

The market size in North America stood at USD 485.31 billion in 2021. North AMerica holds the largest position in the market, owing to the growing demand for freight vehicles in North America. This is evident attributed to the fact that according to OICA, North America witnessed a decline of 20.3% in freight vehicle production due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there was a surge in new orders as

soon as lockdowns were lifted. Also there was increasing demand for long-distance operations from fleet management in this region. It is estimated that the region will exhibit good growth in the global market. As the demand for personnel and cargo transportation continues to increase, it is expected that this demand will significantly increase in the future. The Asia Pacific market stood at USD 207.67 billion in 2021 and is projected to reach USD 433.69 billion by 2029 at a CAGR of 8.9% over the forecast period. The region is likely to dominate the global market as the second-largest automotive hub, owing to increasing vehicle production per year in the region's countries. The growing adoption of vital governmental initiatives, the use of electric vehicles, and autonomous vehicles are likely to promote the development of the market in the region during the forecast period. Countries such as India and China heavily invest in infrastructure and the startup ecosystem. This is a boosting factor for the growth of the market in this region. Furthermore, the growth of businesses such as mining and logistics in developing countries in this region will propel the development of the market.

Europe holds the third position in the global market. This region is expected to grow with a constant CAGR. The switching of fleet operators from fossil fuel-powered trucks to EV-powered vehicles can help propel the growth of the market. According to a survey, about 40% of the fleet operators said they would want to include electric or hybrid trucks in their new purchase. In 2021, that number jumped to around 60% with the fleet operators expecting their fleet to have almost 50% of electric trucks by 2050. By 2030, buyers expect electric freight vehicles to edge out fossil fuel trucks with a 60% market share. Hence, these factors will help propel the growth of the global market. In the market the rest of the world contributes very little compared to other regions and this is due to fewer automotive OEMs, low adoption of technology and less presence of all types of vehicles, However, it is expected to grow in future at a CAGR of 8.6%.

Major economies of Asia-Pacific, such as China, Japan, India, and South Korea, will decline approximately 25% in 2020.The expansion of the industrial sector in the emerging markets and the development of commercial operations in logistics led to significant demand for commercial vehicles in 2019. Moreover, this demand is anticipated to continue to increase, owing to recovering economies across both developing and developed regions, which is expected to drive market growth in the coming years.

The increasing number of construction and e-commerce activities increased the demand for material transportation, which resulted in increased sales of commercial vehicles worldwide. This is likely to rapidly drive the growth of the commercial vehicles market in the near future.

The increasing number of construction and e-commerce activities led to an increase in demand for material transportation, which is likely to drive the growth of the market in the near future. Also, the shift toward electric vehicles is expected to provide immense growth opportunities for the market.

The shift toward electric vehicles is expected to provide growth opportunities for the market.

The implementation of stringent emission regulations led automobile manufacturers (OEMs) to shift toward electric vehicles. However, the various other players such as Daimler, Toyota, and Volvo, are shifting toward electric vehicles, which is likely to result in growth opportunities in the market in the foresee years.

Domestic CV Volumes in FY2023 likely to cross FY2018's 850,000 sales

While the passenger vehicle market continues to fire on cylinders since the past year, thanks to the surging demand for SUVs, the uptick in the Indian economy and the increased government spend in infrastructure development is driving much-needed growth into the commercial vehicle industry.

Commercial vehicle wholesalers numbers in the first quarter (April-July 2022) indicate that momentum is back and here to stay for the rest of the fiscal year and beyond. As per apex industry body SIAM, wholesale numbers of 224,512 units (112%) in Q1 FY2023 and the strong performance of both the M&HCV

segment (75,685 units / 159%) and LCV segment (148,827 units / 94%) reveal that CV customers are back into purchase mode as they go about replacing older vehicles and also invest in future business operations.

Combined goods carrier sales (M&HCV: 67,978 units & LCV: 137,237 units) of 205,215 units in Q1 FY2023 constitute 91% of total CV sales of 224,512, the balance 9% being the 19,297 buses across both M&HCV and LCV segments.

The dimensions of Global Electric Commercial Vehicle Market

The global electric commercial vehicle market size is projected to grow from 353 thousand units in 2022 to 3144 thousand units by 2030 at a CAGR of 31.4%.

The demand for electric vehicles increased due to the increasing freight, logistics, and construction activities worldwide. Other factors, such as stringent emissions regulations, electrification, alternative fuels, the driver shortage, autonomous vehicles, and last-mile delivery, are expected to fuel the growth for electric trucks over the forecast period.The governments are supporting EV's through subsidies & tax rebates for using low emission vehicles and working in collaboration with top automobile manufacturers to speed up growth of their countries.

The increase use for efficient and low emission vehicles along with government support amid the rising prices of petroleum will boost the electric commercial vehicle market.

The consumers from developing countries are already feeling the heat of the increasing cost of petrol.

Electric commercial vehicles have lower operating costs as compared to ICE commercial vehicles. To make the market grow, a continued support from the government will be needed along with the growing research of EV batteries, EV charging systems.

The specialized charging deports and fleet stations will also need to be installed around the world for growing the demand for electric buses, vans, pickups and trucks.

The increasing use of electric commercial vehicles for last mile delivery of goods from warehouses to end users is expected to boost the electric commercial vehicle market in the near future. Companies are considering the addition of electric commercial vehicles, especially electric vans, and pickup trucks, to their fleets to reduce fuel expenses and mitigate emissions.

The Highlights of last mile delivery will be the largest segment in the forecast period by End-User

The increasing use of electric commercial vehicles for last mile delivery of goods from warehouses to end users is expected to boost the electric commercial vehicle market in the near future.Companies are considering the addition of electric commercial vehicles, especially electric vans, and pickup trucks, to their fleets to reduce fuel expenses and mitigate emissions.

• In September 2019, Amazon announced plans to introduce 1,00,000 electric delivery vans by 2030 in partnership with Rivian.The company plans to roll out the first 10,000 e-vans globally by 2022 and aims to have 10,000 e-vans in India by 2025.

• May 2022, Terrago (India) used a fleet of 65 Mahindra Treo Zor cargo vehicles for grocery delivery in major cities in India.Also, In January 2020, UPS ordered 10,000 electric vans from Arrival, a UK EV startup company, for delivery across the US, the UK, and Europe by 2024.

• In August 2020, Flipkart (India) announced plans to convert its entire fleet to electric by 2030.

For instance, there are major developments :-

•

In January 2020, Peterbilt Motors Company and Dana Incorporated announced their collaboration on electric powertrain development for Peterbilt Model 220 EV battery electric vehicles. The 220EV features a range between 100 to 200 miles. Using the vehicle's DC fast-charging system, the high-energy-density battery packs can recharge in an hour, making the 220EV ideal for local pickup and delivery as well as short regional haul operations.

Less than 150 miles segment is expected to be the largest market in the forecast period. Low performance and affordable electric commercial vehicles usually have a range of less than 150 miles. Several OEMs offer electric buses and vans with low-cost batteries with a restricted range of 100-150 miles.OEMs have been providing buses and vans for this segment over the years.

• In January 2021, BYD launched the Type A school bus with a range of 140 miles in the US market.

• In June 2021, BYD announced the launch of Brazil’s first locally made pure electric bus in Campos.

• In November 2021, Anadolu Isuzu announced a collaboration with Proterra (US) to incorporate the battery technology into its new 12-meter and 18-meter zero-emission Citi VOLT electric bus models that would have a driving range starting from 120 miles.

• The 'Green Transportation' is swiftly growing worldwide, owing to which the goods transportation companies are also converting their existing fleet into electric propulsion-based vehicles. As the demand for electric trucks is growing, vehicle manufacturers are planning to launch more electric trucks.

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In February 2020, Volvo Trucks displayed its North American Class 8 battery-electric project trucks in Fontana, California. In Europe, Volvo Trucks recently started the sales of electric trucks for urban transport and demonstrated electric concept trucks for construction operations and regional distribution.

• In May 2020, BYD Europe announced its plans to launch an e-truck range in the European market. It plans to introduce a full range of battery electric vehicles (BEV) in the commercial vehicle sector, including a panel van, 7.5 metric ton, and 19 metric ton rigid distribution trucks, which are underway.

• In December 2018, Daimler Trucks North America (DTNA) delivered the first Freightliner eM2 medium-duty electric truck to Penske Truck Leasing, which announced plans to put additional eM2 units into targeted service in its logistics, truck leasing, and truck rental fleets.

The Highlights of less than 150 miles segment is expected to be the largest in market in the forecast period

The governments worldwide are putting pressure on vehicle manufacturers to reduce carbon emission caused by diesel fuel ignition and tackle greenhouse gas emissions pushing them to invest in developing electric trucks. However, low-emission zones are driving fleets to replace diesel trucks with cleaner options. Moreover, there are certain risks associated with the adoption of e-trucks. New vehicles must prove dependable and perhaps require customers and dealers to equip them with adequate knowledge regarding their operations. Further, the inadequate charging infrastructure for electric trucks is expected to hinder the market's growth.

With the rapid growth of E-commerce, companies like Amazon have redefined how we purchase goods and as a result how those goods reach us. It is clear that Amazon is heavily invested in creating the most efficient warehousing and distribution system which is why it has major investments in robotics, warehousing and with Rivian distribution vehicles.

Businesses that don't adopt the newest technologies or pursue a relentless focus on efficiency risk having their business models disrupted by those who are offering a upgraded service model.

According to ICRA, In India, the CV segment is divided between Light Commercial Vehicle (LCVs) and Medium & Heavy Commercial Vehicles (M&HCVs) based on tonnage. Vehicles with Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) below 7.5T are classified as LCVs, whereas vehicles with GWR above 7.5T are categorized as M&HCVs. The industry can also be classified based on application between trucks and buses. An OEM with presence across different tonnage segments may be considered to have a diversified portfolio and be less vulnerable to change in customer preferences. Apart from portfolio diversity, it is also imperative for an OEM to continuously refresh its product profile, thereby addressing evolving needs of its customers and keeping up with the latest technological developments.

In the CV (Commercial Vehicle) segment, the track record of an OEM’s product portfolio is

of particular importance as factors like fuel efficiency, dependability and load carrying capability of vehicles directly influence cash flows or viability of fleet operators. As a result, owners of commercial vehicles tend to exhibit stronger loyalty towards proven brands.

The Indian CV industry is fairly consolidated with top-4 players accounting for 93% of industry sales in FY 2015. However, the competitive intensity in the domestic CV industry is gradually increasing as new OEMs have forayed into the market while existing players have ventured into new segments and expanded their sales-cum-service network.

Apart from a well established portfolio and brand strength, having an extensive sales and service network is another consideration that underscores a CV OEM’s competitive position. This plays an important role because commercial vehicles often ply across the country including remote locations. Hence, prompt availability of spare parts and service workshops at multiple locations across the country is of great importance.

As a consequence, with a well spread out dealership network, OEMs can increase customer loyalty by ensuring low vehicle downtimes for fleet operators. While leading

domestic players in the industry have a wide pan-India presence, foreign OEMs are currently in the phase of investing in expanding their distribution network. In general, having a wide spread distribution network is critical for the M&HCV segment, however it is not much of a compelling requirement for LCVs as their span of commute is fairly limited.

Traditionally, the Indian CV industry has been characterized by relatively lower focus on developing advanced trucking platforms with the view to maintain lower initial cost for customers. The product portfolio of domestic OEMs did not compare well with international trucking platforms on parameters like power to weight ratio, reliability and driver's comfort related features. Moreover, with improving highway infrastructure in the country, evolving regulatory and customer requirements, and the changing landscape of the road logistics industry. Commercial Vehicle's demand has gradually shifted in favour of higher tonnage and multi-axle vehicles. Further, OEMs have also introduced models like Tippers, Tractor Trailers that are customized to suit certain application segments.

With evolving regulatory requirements (i.e. emission norms and safety regulations) and

foray of international OEMs, the domestic OEMs are steadily investing in developing new and advanced platforms that enable them to compete more effectively with international OEMs. As a result, while evaluating competitive positioning of an OEM going forward, due importance is given to an OEM’s future product development strategy, technology tie-ups and R&D plans. This is typically quantified by assessing the company's outlay towards R&D and capital expenditure (as % of sales).

A significant part of the manufacturing activity in the CV industry is generally outsourced by the OEMs to component suppliers, thereby helping the OEMs focus on key activities such as product design and development, marketing and distribution, and assembly operations, while at the same time giving them greater flexibility during cyclical downturns. In such an outsourcing-oriented model, component suppliers are also required to invest in building capacities on behalf of the OEMs catered to. Given such an arrangement, an OEM’s relationship with its component suppliers is critical in ensuring disruption-free production and in supporting its product development initiatives.

A strong vendor network helps the OEMs work on lean working capital cycles supported by just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing practices of suppliers. Furthermore, a well-developed vendor network also aids high localization levels and thereby better profitability metrics. In certain cases, OEMs tend to have auto component vendors, either through direct ownership or investments by group entities or holding companies. While equity holding helps OEMs exercise greater control on vendors and ensure disruption-free production, large holdings can partly defeat the purpose of outsourcing. Although most of the domestic OEMs have a well established vendor base and high localization levels thereof, new entrants depend on foreign suppliers. Their localization levels may be low which consequently impacts their pricing strategy and competitive positioning. Thus, ICRA also evaluates OEMs' localization plans and how they are likely to influence cost of operations going forward.

The Driving Factors of Commercial Vehicles

Electrification and Adoption of Advanced Technologies to Boost the Market Growth

Globally, the rising air pollution caused by the fuel emitted by conventional vehicles leads to environmental crises. This has encouraged manufacturing companies to shift towards sustainable sources of energy. The public transportation systems of various regions are adopting electrification in freight vehicles to promote zero-emission public transport while keeping the environment clean and breathable for residents.

Governments have imposed stringent regulations to curb the rising emission level and taken various initiatives to promote the electrification of vehicles. The logistics sector is also focusing on electric vehicles by developing the infrastructure for the same. The OEMs are also working towards reducing the cost of batteries to encourage the use of electric vehicles across the globe. The various prominent players such as Toyota, Daimler, and Volvo are shifting towards electric vehicles to meet the rising demand. However, electric vehicles are also gaining popularity in the global market, owing to their various properties such as high battery life, increased range, energy efficiency and advancement in electronic systems. Hence, freight vehicles are observing a trend of automation which is driving the market.

The adoption of advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) such as lane departure warning systems, driver drowsiness detection systems, and driver monitoring systems boosts the market. Further, connectivity and telematics are transforming operations to a large extent, encouraging the manufacturers to equip vehicles with several connected services as they provide enhanced safety and prevent unauthorized access to vehicles, thereby avoiding mishandling and wear & tear of freight vehicles. This is anticipated to help boost market growth over the next few years.

Developments in Infrastructure and Industrialization to Drive The Market Growth

The rapid growth in population and urbanization, developing infrastructure and expansion in the industrial sector are the prime reasons for the growth of vehicles sales worldwide. The industrial sector is expanding, especially in the developing economies, giving rise to jobs in various sectors such as construction, mining, and tourism. The availability of jobs has increased the number of commuters creating high demand for public transport.

Digitalization and e-commerce also play a vital role in boosting the transportation and logistics sector. Increasing industrialization is boosting the development of infrastructure. However, governments are investing a high percentage in developing road infrastructure to promote regions 'transportation and logistics sectors. Urbanization has given a boost to the mining and construction industries. New residential projects, smart city initiatives, and the rising need for flyovers and bridges create high demand for technologically advanced freight vehicles. Story

The Segmentation of the Market by Vehicle Type

The market is segmented into light commercial vehicle, heavy commercial vehicle and buses. The light commercial vehicle segment accounts for a significant share in the global market, owing to its highest usage in logistics operation in a smaller range. It is expected to continue to account for most of the global market. The heavy vehicle segment is also expected to develop exponentially over the forecast period. It is expected to exhibit the forecast period. It is anticipated to exhibit the second-highest CAGR. The rising urban population & their needs and the increasing infrastructure web in developing Asian countries such as India and China contribute to the global market growth.

The Analysis of the Market on the basis of Fuel

In terms of fuel, the market is divided into IC engine and Electric Vehicle. The IC engine segment has the highest commercial vehicle market share in the global market. Moreover, the EV segment is predicted to experience promising growth due to the rise in demand,

owing to stringent regulations regarding fuel economy standards. Additionally, to increase EV sales, manufacturers are continuously focusing on reducing the price of the battery, propelling the global market growth. As compared to conventional IC engines, Commercial EVs produce no noise and air pollution and have a greater driving range. They are also more compatible with autonomous driving. Hence, the EV segment is expected to exhibit the highest CAGR during the forecast period.

Future Trends for Commercial Vehicle Industry IN Growth Projections

Connectivity Unification

The challenge for the commercial vehicle market is one of scale because it represents a far smaller number of assets than the passenger car market, it has always played 'second fiddle' to its larger market. Often borrowing solutions and technology developed for that market. This has left the market fragmented. ill-served and not maximizing its potential. Every commercial vehicle OEM and most suppliers have their own proprietary telematics offering. Additionally, there is a wide array of aftermarket telematics solutions and third-party software vendors offering apps and platforms for data management. For fleet operators, particularly those with a mix of vehicle brand and age, there is an overwhelming choice of telematics solutions that often don't integrate well with each other. Further, solutions are typically paid for and fleets are ill-equipped to be able to fund more than one or two business tools. Ideally, the interactive analysis believes that industry would benefit from a period of consolidation in the commercial vehicle telematics market with a focus on developing a handful of global platforms that provide simple access to high quality solutions whilst facilitating easy payment options. This would expand the value of telematics for fleet operators and truly allow the market to reach its maximum potential. There is some evidence that the commercial vehicle market is trying to drive towards more complete solutions.

VEHICLES

Automation

It seems like every passenger car OEM and their suppliers are rushing headlong into a future of automated and autonomous vehicles. In the short term, the benefits are safer cars with more convenience. In the longer term, the ambition is an end to road fatalities with teh opening up of mobility as a service where self-driving cars provide mobility on demand regardless of vehicle ownership or the ability to drive. The future for automation in commercial vehicles seems less clear. While driver and vehicle safety can and should be improved with a swaddle of assistance features, the aim of replacing drivers altogether threatens millions of jobs and would be unpalatable in many economies. Given the complexity involved in achieving full autonomy in all conditions and all situations and the political headwind created in replacing millions of jobs. Off-highway applications such as port drainage and distribution yards provide the perfect use case for commercial vehicle autonomy in the short to mid-term. There are three main reasonsfirst, they are typically simple, repetitive routes which are easy to automate. Second, these

areas typically segregate other users making automated vehicles less risky. Third, specific employment in these areas is typically low, so the negative perception of job replacement is lessened particularly if employees can be redistributed or it prevents employees working in dangerous areas.

Vehicle Architecture

Vehicle Architecture is breaking the mold. The traditional basic truck chassis architecture has changed very little in decades. The fact that this basic architecture is then heavily customized by OEMs to fit multiple vocations.

In industries where there is product stagnation and higher cost associated with customization, there is potential for disruption. A break toward fully electric trucks provides an opportunity for powertrain innovation that hasn't been seen in decades. Beyond the obvious need to replace an engine with an electric motor, battery and other components. There is significant innovation that can be brought to the anatomy design and the software control layer.

One of the notable trends that interactive analysis has been observing and expects

to continue is the adoption of modular 'skateboard' architecture, similar to those used in passenger car vehicles. These skateboard platforms for commercial vehicles have largely been developed by start-ups and are largely focused on the light commercial vehicle segment. These ‘standardized’ platforms would make use of passenger car components and could be customized for different applications more easily either through modularity or software control. The skateboard architecture could be the technical solution to revolutionize the commercial vehicle market.

Efficiency

With a great push to electrification and stricter emission standards overall vehicle efficiency will become a significant trend in the next 5 years. The Analysis would characterize this in the following ways:-

• The Powertrain Efficiency

• Vehicle Efficiency

• Route/Routing Optimization

Driver behavior is often one of the largest determinants in how fuel efficient a fleet is. The interactive analysis believes that driver training/ mentoring, particularly using telematics will be one of the keys to improving vehicle efficiency and with the use of electric vehicles, maximizing range and battery life.

The powertrain efficiency refers to the overall system efficiency of the components used to propel a vehicle. For ICE vehicles, powertrain efficiency is highly tuned and future gains are marginal at this point. With new electric drivetrains the opportunity to improve system efficiency and range is large at this pointsystems can be better integrated with one other new technologies such as inverter chemistry which will boost performance and software can be used to intelligently control and adapt systems to respond to different conditions with a focus on peak optimisation. The interactive analysis believes that the nascent electric commercial vehicle market is at least 2 vehicle generations- 5 to 7 years away from optimal performance.

Vehicle efficiency refers to solutions, outside of the powertrain, that improve overall

vehicle efficiency. These might be improved aerodynamics, measures to ensure tyres are fully inflated, or the use of more efficient auxiliary systems like electrically powered APUs. Interact Analysis sees these measures as relatively simple, low cost routes to improving vehicle efficiency, minimizing fuel spend and improving profitability. We expect to see significant traction for these types of technology in the next 5 years.

Electrification

It is clear at this point that there is a major shift happening in the commercial vehicle market. Every major OEM and a large number of startups have developed fully electric commercial vehicle models ahead of both a TCO and regulatory push to introduce these vehicles.What is less clear is where these vehicles will be introduced and what powertrain will be used. Vehicles for use in urban environments are likely to electrify first – city level regulatory conditions, a focus on brand sustainability and the low mileage of these vehicles makes them a strong choice to electrify. For vehicles with more intense duty cycles or longer-range requirements, the move to electric will be more challenging. If these vehicles are to be electrified, then Interact Analysis believes that hydrogen will be a critical fuel choice for the future.

Digital Mode of Advertising

Upgrading is highly embraced in the digital landscape of advertising to meet the needs of clients. In addition, most consumers are adopting digital ways of shopping (e-commerce platforms) and finding vehicle recommendations. Therefore, the 2022 markets and vehicle departments will be impacted by the online presence of brands and customers.

The Road Ahead

According to the ICRA, the Indian Commercial Vehicle industry will witness a robust volume growth of 12-15% in FY2023. The report says that the industry has registered a healthy growth of 112% on a YoY basis in wholesale dispatches in Q1 FY2023 and is expected to continue its growth trajectory given the improvement in the macroeconomic environment, replacement cycle and healthy demand from the end-user

industries. Furthermore, the growth trends have continued into the current quarter also with combined CV volumes of OEMs growing by around 87% in the first four months of FY2023, compared to the last year. On the flip side, through headwinds such as hardening of interest rates, elevated fuel prices, increasing vehicle prices to pass on the increase in commodity prices and geo-political issues may constrain the pace of recovery, the same is not expected to significantly slow down the momentum witnessed over the past couple of quarters.

The head of ICRA ratings said, " The growth trends in the CV industry have been largely secular in nature but more pronounced in the goods carrier sub-segment. Within goods carriers, growth in the medium and heavy commercial vehicles sub-segment has been spurred by demand from the steel, cement and mining industries and a pick-up in economic activity as the challenges related to the pandemic abated. This is expected to continue over the medium term, and ICRA expects volume growth of 15-20% for M&HCV (trucks) in FY2023. Within M&HCV (trucks), demand for tippers would continue to be supported by the pick-up in construction activity, while that for haulage trucks would be dependent on the general macroeconomic activity.”

It finds that the LCV segment started recovering earlier than the M&HCV segment, supported by healthy demand from e-commerce as well as from agricultural and allied sectors. However, the segment witnessed an 8% sequential dip in volumes in Q1 FY2023 as the pent-up demand tapered off and the base effect caught up.

The officials of ICRA Ratings added, “The upswing in the e-commerce sector since the pandemic, and the resultant change in purchasing habits resulted in increased last-mile transport requirements, thus spurring demand for smaller trucks. Accordingly, the segment’s quarterly volumes averaged at more than 1,25,000 units over Q3-Q4 FY2022, higher than the FY2018 levels and trending towards the industry highs reported

in FY2019.”

“The growth drivers for the segment remain largely favourable, especially the increased requirement for last-mile transportation from the e-commerce segment, while demand from the agricultural and allied sectors would remain dependent on stability of rural cash flows. Accordingly, ICRA expects the segment volumes to grow by 8-10% in FY2023,” added by the head of ICRA Ratings.

On the other hand, recovery in the bus segment, which had remained elusive with the prolonged pandemic, set in finally from Q4 FY2022 onwards. In Q1 FY2023, the segment reported healthy volume growth of 258% on a YoY basis to 19,297 units, supported by the reopening of schools and offices and the gradual return to normalcy after the pandemic. ICRA finds that the growth drivers for the segment remain favourable with the gradual opening up of offices and educational institutions, while other pandemic-induced challenges like aversion to public transport are expected to stabilise gradually. It expects a growth of 60-65% in the segment in FY2023, albeit on a low base.

As per the ICRA research report on the commercial vehicle industry published in July 2022, it expects the CV book of financiers to grow by 7-9% in FY2023. The overall financing environment would remain a key monitorable going forward, especially the trends in the asset quality of CV financiers, which would remain dependent on the ability of the borrowers to pass through the fuel cost and interest cost escalations adequately in the near term.

The research agency expects an improvement in the financial performance of CV OEMs over the near term, led by both volume and realisation growth, as the clout of factors constraining demand in the past couple of years continue to ease going forward. This is expected to support the gradual improvement in their credit metrics as well; however, the inflationary trends in input costs, and the ability of OEMs to pass on the same to customers without adversely affecting demand, would remain critical. CM

HOW CONCRETE BATCHING PLANT SPEED UPS THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS?

The responsibilities to changes the dream of people having a home into reality and for that the industry requires a lot of time, patience, a good investment and upgraded technologies. The backbone of the alluring buildings and houses is 'Construction Equipment'. Well, you must be familiar with the one of the most important equipment that is 'Concrete Batching Plant.' With the quickening of rural and city development works, loads of clients have asked about the detailed data about the small concrete batching plant. Any kind of construction is not possible without concrete, concrete is the soul of the construction project and making. With the presence of

a batching plant, a construction site will benefit from a constant supply of bespoke mixes of high quality concrete. This means that construction projects can be completed sooner as workers never have to wait for concrete to be delivered to site. A steady supply of concrete

is key to ensuring your construction siteis as productive as possible. This enables you to meet all your construction deadlines, while while getting the most out of your workforce and any hired equipment. Relying on a concrete supplier to deliever concrete to your site can result in delays. In addition to getting your concrete at a higher cost, you run the risk of delays caused by trfafic or breakdowns. With your own onsite

concrete batching plant, you can ensure that concrete is mixed yo the exact specification and quantities required. A continous supply of concrete and workable production will result in construction projects being more efficient. With a portable batching plant, construction teams are able to disassemble the plant in a short peroid of time, before moving it to the next site. This is an excellent advantage because being able to produce your own concrete can cut down your costs, increasing your profit margin. A mobile batching plant reduces transport costs by minimising the distance needed to move concrete to where it is required, thereby driving your costs down and keeping onsite disruptions to a minimum. Most of the construction contractors choose centralized batching plants to ensure consistent mixes. Thanks to the advanced technology, mobile batching plants can meet the quality levels previously only achievable at centralised plants.

Nowdays no one has the time to wait for long

in order to get a job done. These batching plants have been devised keeping excatly this in mind. Concrete plants have made the task of construction easier and faster. Things that used to take years in construction can now be constructed within a few months. As a result, a lot of people who are involved in the contsruction business are getting more and more inclined towards using these batching plants.

On top of that, it is not hard to intall a concrete batching plant nowadays. There are many companies that are involved in the business all over the world. A plant can either be installed at the construction site or at some other location. Clients can take the help of experts in order to determine which plant would be the best suit their requirement. Clients can go through the internet in order to get a clear idea about the expenses that goes into installing a batching plant.

There are batching plants well suited for high quality and production that can be equiped

with two simultaneous vehicle loading mixer points and mobile plants that have superb on-site capabilities that can also be fitted with an optional weight load system and is able to mix quality concrete that can be pumped. Concrete batching plant also offers batch plant mobile concrete dispensers. Everything is pre mixed at these plants, based on the client's need which means no raw materials and no wastage at the construction site. Concrete batching is properly mixed as opposed to hand mixed concrete that is more often than not inconsistent.

Construction work can be done much quicker as there is no disruption in the schedule when using ready mixed concrete. When the ready mixed concrete is delievered , a well equipped technical crew handles the pouring and patching at the site, which means you do not have to manage any labor on site. When using traditional concrete, this invilves the use of labor for mixing as well as managemnet that takes up more effort time and money.

A concrete Batching plants ideally has many more components to it. It is the assembly of tools and machines such as mixers, cement batchers, aggregate batchers, conveyors,radial stackers, aggregate bins, cement bins, heaters, cement silos. These accessories in turn are of different kinds. For example, mixers can be either horizontal or tilt up and of both types in certain cases. Whereas earlier concrete batching plants produced enormous amounts of pollution, the level of pollution has greatly reduced due to use of dust collectors in the batching plant.

A concrete batching plant is equipment that mixes various ingredients to make concrete. The batching process increases the quality of concrete by removal of unwanted materials in concrete mixture. The process of concrete batching plant includes combining of concrete and other ingredients to achieve uniformity of concrete. This is process includes three methods such as random volumetric batching, volume batching, and weight batching. Concrete batching plant comprises elements such as pan concrete mixer, cement batchers, conveyors, radial stackers, bins, heaters, chillers, cement silos, batch plant control, and dust collectors. Concrete batching plant mixes the concrete in proper ratio as compared to the on-site concrete mixing plant. The mixture of chemical admixtures and hydration increases workability, durability and strength of concrete. In growing economies such as India, China, and Brazil, continuous development of the construction sector offers lucrative growth opportunities for the concrete batching plant market. However, concrete batching plant is not affordable for small or mid-size projects, as it needs large investment and set up for its installation. This factor hinders the growth of the global market for small sized construction projects. New innovations such as advanced computerized systems like automatic weighing system, chillers, conveyors, and heaters are expected fuel the demand for the concrete batching plant market during the forecast period.

CONCRETE BATCHING PLANT

These materials include water, air, aggregates, cement and fly ash. A batching plant consists of a variety of parts and machines like mixer units, conveyors, aggregate and cement batchers, cemnet silos, etc. Once the quality concrete is prepared it is transported to the site on a truck with a revolving drum which is known as a transit mixer.

The concrete produced out of the concrete batching plant is used in the foundations of building construction. Concrete batching plants are classified into different types accordigly different classification criteria. Depending on the construction projects, the type of material used to create the concrete can differ.

Additionally, due to the travel restrictions imposed by governments, the worldwide supply chain was majorly devastated. The COVID-19 pandemic also had a major impact on the construction equipment sector. Due to the lockdown, construction activities around the world were majorly standstill. The majority of the construction projects were canceled or postponed. Containment policies led to a significant drop in economic activity.

Stationary Concrete Batching Plant

Stationary concrete batching plant as the name indicates are stationary and are located at certain distance from the construction site. The concrete is batched and transported using a truck to the construction site. Stationary concrete batching plants are easy to install. They are large in size as compared to mobile concrete batching plant. They have higher efficiency and produce good quality concrete.

In the Stationary Concrete Batching Plants cement is mainly aplied as a binding material for mixing sand, water, and aggregrates and major additives as well to produce concrete in a fast manner for the civil construction projects. The gathering conveyor belt runs below the bins where weighing of aggregates takes place and the aggregate are then discharged onto the charging conveyor. Pneumatically operated gates are provided for discharge of the aggregate on

to the gathering conveyor. The material is all weighed acurately and transfered to the twin shaft mixer through a slinger conveyor. These stationary concrete plant pneumatics used are of reputed make which ensure long life and superior performance for your machine.

In the current Stationary concrete plants, the aggregates are stored in horizontal bins. The gathering conveyor belt runs below the bins where the weighing of aggregates takes place and the aggregates are then discharged onto the charging conveyor. Pneumatically operated gates are provided for discharge of the aggregate onto the gathering conveyor. The material is all weighed accurately and transferred to the twin shaft mixer through a slinger conveyor. The new batching plants also come with the Skip Hoist and Belt arrangement option for mixer loading. The news models can adopt silica dosing and some special addditives very easily .

Mobile Concrete Batching Plant

Mobile plants consisting of portable shaft mixers are desigened to be moveable and thus are installed on towable chassis with wheels

Industry

for maximum mobility and quick setup.Mobile batching plants are perfect for temporary constyruction sites or construction projects where the equipment would only be needed for specific and brief portions of the projects. Mobile concrete equipment can be easily installed and dismantled and as such require very minimal preparation or set up before use. Mobile concrete batching plants come pre-wired with maximum equipment installed to ensure fast installation on site. Typically a standard mobile plant can be installed in 1-2 days. There has also been the development of Containerized concrete batching plants recently. The containerized concrete batch plant is a new type of batching plant. It consists of a mixing system, control system, material storage system, weighing system, conveying system and others. Also, the container mixing plant owns the features such as small footprint, quick installation, convenient transportation and so on. Compared with ther traditional concrete plant, the container mixing plant does not need to set the legs and mounting brackets, elimnating basic design and construction.

Dry Mix Concrete Batching Plant

Modern-day dry mix concrete plant consists of the cement silos, feeding system, control system, weighing system, mixing system. Cement silos are the container to keep and supply raw materials such as cement, sand, and fly ash according to the necessity of the production. The feeding system is a bridge to connect the aggregates and the mixing system. The accuracy of the weighing system determines the quanity of the mixed materials, so it has a great effect on the quality of mixed concrete. Dry mix concrete batching plant only weigh all the materials as per concrete formula, and then discharge them into concrete mixer trucks. The process of mixing all materials is done in a concrete mixer truck. Throughout the process, a concrete mixer truck is responsible for both transportation and mixing. Dry mix concrete batching plant does not have the mixing system as the one 'wet mix' concrete batching plant possesses. Therefore, the dry mix concrete batching plant overcomes some inhernt defects of the 'wet mix' concrete batching plant has which is not only suitable for the working conditions of the wet mix concrete batching plant but also for extreme conditions such as high temperature, high heat, high altitude and long transportation distance etc.

Wet Mix Concrete Batching Plant

Modern wet batching concrete plants combine all the ingredients required to make concrete before it is moved to the mixing trucks. Central-mix batching plants utilise plantmounted mixers where you place all the concrete ingredients. Latest-model adopts a twin shaft paddle mixer, which has a strong mixing quality. This can ensure there is no or less residual in the twin shaft concrete mixer, save materials and save cost. With a central mix plant, all loads see the same mixing action and there is an initial quality control point when discharging from the central mixer. Wet mix plants are accessible in versatile and

CONCRETE BATCHING PLANT

stationary models. The best mechanical design worked into the item seeks for uniform mixing without detachment, concrete proportioning and blending of aggregates and included substances. The wet mix plant conveys precisely mixed cold mix, emulsion treated mixes, etc.

Compact Concrete Batching Plant

Compact Concrete Batching Plants are made up of smaller units of pre-desigened or pre-wired production equipment that are often transported in batches to be finally assembled at the site they are to be used. This ensures that transportation is both faster and easier. This compact design ensures that the compact concrete plant combines some of the mobility advantages of the mobile batching plants and the performance prowess of the stationary concrete batching plant. Compact concrete plant is designed to minimise work on site during installation and is plumbed and tested at the manufacturing facilities. This type of plant mainly transport the ingredients smartly and also reduce the pollution factors emission.

Horizontal Concrete Batching Plant

Horizontal concrete batching plant

wide variety of cocrete recipes are produced reliably and in high quality. The plant is equipped with a powerful ring-pan mixer and produces up to 69 m³ of fresh concrete per hour. Depending on the requirements, the newer model series is equipped with a pan mixer or a twin-shaft mixer. While designing the plant, high importance was attached to the access thereby faciliating maintenance. In addition, the generously dimensioned space allows this plant to be offered in a wide variety which can be taken from a midular system. These high cpapcity, heavy duty plants are the fisrt choice wherever large quantities of concrete are required.

Incline Concrete Batching Plant

New generation incline concrete batching plant integrated with advanced PLC technology automation that allow sto perform functionalities like high speed weighing, automatic scale tolerance checking, inventory monitoring, reports generation including batch wise, load wise, data wise, recipe wise and production wise reports for a better and cost effective concrete manufacturing process. The newly designed Twin shaft mixer and Planetary Mixer enables efficent mixing of concrete with less wastage and improved quality parameters with concrete mixing plant. This is a proficient concrete production unit which is designed to give optimum mixing performance while reducing the operation and production costs

Containerized concrete batching

The containerized concrete batch plant consists of mixing system, control system, material storaage system, weighing system,

conveying system and others. in addition, the container mixing plant owns the features such as small footprint, quick installation, convenient transportation anmd so on. Compared witht the traditional concrete plant, the container mixing plant does not need to set the legs and mounting brackets, eliminating basic design and construction. The container concrete batching plant has excellent environmental performance, convenient transportation and simple installation. It is suitable for supplying concrete production of various types such as hydropower, highways, ports, airports, bridges and other construction projects, as well as the construction of commercial concrete batching plants.

The dynamics of the Global Concrete Batching Plant Market

The rising infrastructural investments in the developing countries of Asia Pacific, Europe and North America is the key factor supporting the growth of concrete batching plant market. Growth of the market is predominantly driven by the development of large scale infrastructural projects in Asia Pacific as well as other regions spurred by economic recovery. Moreover,

governments of major economies are focussing on development of transportation facilities and strengthening energy infrastructure. Further, innovation in the technology required for the production of concrete aggregates has led to the increased efficiency of manufacturing process, leading to significant productivity as well as high quality concrete. The above mentioned factors are expected to boost the demand for concrete batching plants in the near future and this in turn drives the growth of concrete batching plant market. On the other half, recent trends in the market for concrete batching plants have been impacted by the economic slowdown.

As the various large scale infrastructural projects have either delayed or stalled over the past year, manufacturers have been focussing on medium and small scale projects at present.

The major challenges identified in the global concrete batching plant market include the fluctuation in the cost of components of batching plants as well as change in energy prices.

The key trends identified in the global concrete batching plant market include utilization of batching plants by commercial concrete manufacturing facilities. However, ecological

indicators have become more and more demanding, which include dirt disposal and residual concrete recycling.

The segmentation of Global Concrete Batching Plant by Region-Wise

The consideration of the region-wise segmentation of the market, Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the global concrete batching plant market over the forecast period followed by Europe, North America and other regions. Owing to the increasing infrastructural investments in the developing countries such as China and India, the demand for the concrete batching plants is expected to upsurge in the near future.

suitable set of assumptions and methodologies. The research report provides analysis and information according to market segments such as geographies, application, and industry. The global concrete batching plant market is segmented on the basis of product, end-user industry, and region. On the basis of type, the market is classified into stationary concrete batching plant and mobile concrete batching plant. Based on end-user industry, it is categorized into residential constructions and nonresidential constructions. Region wise, it is analyzed across North America, Asia-Pacific, Europe, and LAMEA.

However, the rise in population in China and India at a very rapid rate is another factor pushing the demand for infrastructure development and thus in turn pushing the growth of Asia Pacific concrete batching plant market.

The Participants in the Market of Global Concrete Batching Plant

Global Ready Mix Concrete Batching Plant Market 2021-2025. The analyst has been monitoring the ready mix concrete batching plant market and it is poised to grow by $ 77. 70 mn during 2021-2025, progressing at a CAGR of 3% during the forecast period.

Some of the examples of the market Participants in the global Concrete Batching Plant market include Meka Concrete Batch Plants, Elkon, AMMANN GROUP, Vince Hagan Company, Rexcon LLC, BMH Systems, Aquarius Engineers Pvt. Ltd., SANY GROUP, Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science & Technology Co. Ltd. and Apollo Infratech Pvt. Ltd. among others.

The manufacturers of concrete batching plant are increasingly focussing on R & D activities in order to enhance their market presence in the global concrete batching plant market.

The research report presents a comprehensive assessment of the market and contains thoughtful insights, facts, historical data, and statistically supported and industry-validated market data. It also contains projections using a

The key players that operate in the global concrete batching plant market are Ammann, CON-E-CO, Elkon, HaoMei Machinery Equipment, Odisa Concrete Equipment, Schwing-Stetter, South Highway Machinery, Shantui Janeoo, Fangyuan Group, and Liebherr.

Indian Market Overview of Concrete Equipment

India concrete equipment market is projected to cross $ 1,300 million by 2024, exhibiting a CAGR of 13% on account of anticipated growth in construction industry, increasing foreign investments, and rising number of smart city projects in the country. On the basis of value, batching plant segment is the largest segment in India concrete equipment market. The growth of the segment is led by growing customer preference for high capacity and technologically advanced batching plant. On the basis of value, batching plant segment is the largest segment in the Indian concrete equipment market. The growth of the segment is led by growing customer preference for high capacity and technologically advanced batching plant. However, factors such as increasing number of construction projects, shorter completion time, and the demand for customized solutions by end-users are further fuelling growth of this segment.

Additionally, government is also supporting the Indian concrete equipment market by liberalizing taxation policies for the construction industry such as GST and custom duty. In 2018, the government of India reduced the BATCHING PLANT

GST on concrete equipment from 28% to 18%, which will help the concrete equipment manufacturers to reduce the overall cost of equipment and other operational losses. Although, factors such as increasing number of construction projects, shorter completion time, and demand for customized solutions by end-users are further fuelling growth of this segment. Government initiatives towards infrastructure development is further boosting the demand for concrete equipment in India. Some of the construction projects in the country include Smart City Mission, AMRUT, the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation of Urban Transformation, Metro Rail in urban areas, Bharatmala, and Sagarmala, among others. In addition, government is also supporting India concrete equipment market by liberalizing taxation policies for construction industry such as GST and custom duty. In 2018,

the government of India reduced the GST on concrete equipment from 28% to 18%, which will help the concrete equipment manufacturers to reduce the overall cost of equipment and other operational losses.

The Importance of Concrete Batching Plants in Sustainable development

Across the world there has been much emphasis on the sustainability of each and every project or activity being undertaken. The sustainable approaches to construction and development must be sought at all times in order to efficiently manage the resource base from depletion, environmental degradation and even climate change. In other words, sustainable development meets the needs of the present generation without affecting the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

The Global Concrete Consumption

Concrete is consumed in massive quantities in the whole world in various activities of building and construction, roads and railways, residential areas and many more. These are important infrastructural requirements that enable the economy to progress rapidly for people to better their living standards. The preparation methods of concrete must be in such a ways that the demands to the natural environment are kept at minimum for sustainability to be achieved. The concrete batching plant is an equipment used in concrete preparation that has enhanced sustainability in construction.

The Energy Efficiency

For sustainable processes to be achieved, efficiency in energy use

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must be achieved. The Concrete mixing plant is designed to maximize production with reduced energy usage by having highly efficient engines with minimum maintenance requirements and more durability.

The energy saving is also achieved through lower electricity consumption and use of gravity assisted material feeding system as well as computerized controls that precisely calibrate all ingredients of the mixing plant.

Water conservation during Operation

In concrete preparations there is heavy water usage in the operation. The batching plant combines all the required materials in mixing of concrete to create a homogenous mix used in construction. Batching equipment is designed in such as way as to ensure optimum usage of water and other materials to achieve a good mix. This includes the ability of some equipment to recycle wet concrete mix before setting and thus reduce wastage.

The Green Technology Equipment

With the development of green commercial concrete plants, the problem of environmental pollution has been effectively tackled. This model of the ready mix concrete plant increases

the material utilization ratio thus creating an overall material saving. Increased material saving from the concrete batching plant in turn increases the productivity and profitability is the operation.

In the current construction industry the demand for increased efficiency is high and the central equipment in this process is the RMC plant or the Ready Mix concrete plant.

In some cases there has been need for all batching equipment to be easily movable to locations closer to construction site to reduce material movement to the site. Some advanced batching equipments may be fitted with twin shaft mixers that increase the production output to up to 160 m3 /hr. The assembly process of the batching plant is also made faster and easy, and with easy to clean concrete handling piping and conveyance systems.

Note:- The concrete batching plant has been important equipment in the construction industry and when effectively used, it has enabled sustainable development to be achieved. More sustainability will be achieved with enhanced technology, water saving initiatives and enhanced efficiency of the batching plants. CM

Q. When did IDEMITSU start its operations in manufacturing and distribution of lubricants in India?

Idemitsu was founded in 1911, with one goal to deliver lubricants to meet the needs of every person in the world. Since our foundation we have leveraged our lubricants business to control the friction in all kinds of machinery, including cars, rail, heavy manufacturing and power plants that support industrial innovation. This history fuels our passion for boundless motion—our passion to work in close partnership with our clients to achieve ultimate productivity and reduced fuel consumption.

For more than 100 years, Idemitsu’s “Heart of Technology” has perfectly and harmoniously created worldwide lubrication patterns. They can be found quietly at work in smartphones, video game consoles, air conditioners, lithium-ion batteries, and even the pens you use every day.

Idemitsu entered India in 2006, worked as a sales and marketing company to support our global customer base. In 2013, Idemitsu established manufacturing plant in Patalganga, Distt. Raigad, Maharashtra India, which has the ‘state-of-the-art' blending, filling, and packaging facilities for producing high-performance lubricants that adhere to international quality standards and product specifications. Our aim is to progressively work towards providing environment friendly, best in class high quality products and unique tailor-made formulations with latest technology lubricants to our customers.

Q . What are the key factors which inspired you to expand the business venture in India?

India is one of the growing and largest automobile industry and is expected to become the 3rd largest in the world by 2030. India holds a very good potential and is a growing / developing market. There is good demand for

Japanese technology automobile vehicles in India market which we see as good opportunity to deliver High Quality OEM standard products to consumers.

India is also a prominent auto exporter and has strong export growth expectations for the near future. There are several initiatives by the Government of India and major automobile players in the Indian market are expected to make India one of the leaders in the two-wheeler and four-wheeler market in the world in near future.

The two wheelers segment dominates the market in terms of volume owing to a growing middle class and a huge percentage of India’s population being young. Moreover, the growing interest of companies in exploring the rural markets further aided the growth of the sector.

Q . How has the Lubricant Market of India evolved over the last five years?

The last five years have been a roller coaster ride for the whole automobile sector. India has gained international recognition as one of the key nations in the automobile sector. Several companies are aggressively establishing manufacturing facilities in India. Despite the ongoing challenge of COVID-19, the Indian automotive industry seems to be overcoming most of its challenges. The industry is also gaining from fresh tailwinds as the rebalancing of the global supply chain, government export subsidies, and technological innovations that open up new market opportunities.

These developments will help create opportunities at all levels of the automotive value chain. Due to the COVID-19 impact in the first half of 2020, the industrial sector in the country witnessed a negative impact in 2020. During the pandemic period, automobile production has been halted, and plants were temporarily shut down. This, in turn, affected the demand for lubricants in 2020 as the lubricant sector works parallelly with the Automobile sector.

INTERVIEW

Q . What is your take regarding the distribution channels for both Automotive and Industrial Lubricants in India?

Idemitsu believes in delivering value, be it product or service. Being partner to almost all major global OEMs we are committed to not only providing best in class high quality products and unique tailor-made formulations as well as on-time services. Idemitsu India ensures prompt on-time deliveries to our customers through our Pan India network of 3PL warehouses.

As far as Idemitsu brand products are concerned, in-line to our brand philosophy we are engaging / contacting with distributors who are well aware of key values of Idemitsu. Our focus is to appoint key retailers / mechanics in areas where mainly Japanese technology vehicles are available. We already have pan India distribution network and working to strengthen it further towards sustainable business.

Q . What drove IDEMITSU to launch a variety of products? Did you foresee a certain demand for this in the country especially with the changing dynamics in the two-wheeler industry?

We wanted to expand Idemitsu brand’s high-quality lubricants for Indian market as well as globally. With 110+ years of expertise in developing lubricants for almost all major automobile OEMs, lead development of all new range of Idemitsu brand engine oils with unique product benefits offerings. We have also introduced Idemitsu new engine oil series with latest technology and clear differentiation. With increase of new technology vehicles in retail we see huge demand for Idemitsu brand product in Indian retail market.

Q . In India there are a large number of biking communities, will your company be directly addressing them too to generate interest among these set of users? How do you intend on doing that?

It is a culture which is widespread in the western countries and has been initially steady but now is rapidly picking up in south east asia countries as well as in India. South East Asia is one of the biggest markets of motorcycle today especially for young generation(Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia) and they are enthusiastic about racing even more than that in Europe. Considering the fact we are in favor to support and encourage Motorcycle races as a sport in India. Hence, Idemitsu has been sponsoring the pinnacle of global Motorcycle racing since many years. The Idemitsu is associated with competition that seeks to promote the careers of riders from Asian countries, and more as they aim to improve their skills and strive to be the top riders and eventually reach the World Championship.

Based on Idemitsu’s mission to contribute to the society and the people as well as for the next generations through our activities and superior technology offerings, in India we are associated with Honda for the Honda Racing Talent hunt and cup, which is designed to create awareness and giving right platform to young talented riders which also include providing professional training and preparing them for world championship. As part of this programme, interested riders / enthusiast as young as 12-year-old are selected and trained under professionals. With respect to addressing the need of high quality powerful performing engine oils in India, we have launched complete range of engine oil which are based on race-bred formula which maintains high performance even at super high temperature conditions to support powerful acceleration, horse power and torque. We have our presence across India through our selective retail channels, we are focused to increase awareness and visibility through both online and offline channels while supporting our global vision.programme, interested riders / enthusiast as young as 12-year-old are selected and trained under professionals. With respect to addressing the need of high quality

powerful performing engine oils in India, we have launched complete range of engine oil which are based on race-bred formula which maintains high performance even at super high temperature conditions to support powerful acceleration, horse power and torque. We have our presence across India through our selective retail channels, we are focused to increase awareness and visibility through both online and offline channels while supporting our global vision.

Q . What kind of a market response are you expecting from this new development? And what kind of a response have you got so far from the announcement to the promotion campaigns?

We have just introduced new Idemitsu Brand product to the Indian market. It is too early to release a statement on market response on our new product range. However, initial response is as expected, new products are getting well accepted by entire value chain, and we are getting quite good feedback about our products and its performance from end users who have experienced new Idemitsu series of product.

Q . What potential does the lubricant market of India has in the long run?

Every modern business area is being affected by technology, and the automotive sector is no exception. Idemitsu has always believed in producing and supplying products in accordance with the precise specifications of OEMs. At Idemitsu, we insist on developing precisely tailored formulas to meet needs, and as a lubricant expert, we use cutting-edge nanoscale technology to create Nano tailored oil of unrivaled precision. Considering the evolution happening in automobile industry, we are working on future technologies to develop best quality lubricants for next generation engines.

Also, as market is getting more conscious, demand for eco-friendly, energy saving, lower viscosity, high performing fully synthetic lubricants are now getting mainstream in the world. India is following the trend and it will be so in the near future. As Idemitsu is a pioneer of low viscosity technology with unique tailor-made formulations expertise, supplying tailor-made oils to Global car manufactures. We have know-how and technologies to develop and provide products on requirements not only for existing technology but also for next generation like EV. CM

THE MARKET ANALYSIS OF LUBRICANTS

The industry dynamics are changing in terms of raw material, owing to the rising demand for bio-based lubricants. The growing trade of vehicles and their spare parts is anticipated to fuel the demand for automotive oils and greases. The major economic recovery in North America and Europe is expected to boost the consumer vehicles segment which is a boon for the market. Typically, lube manufacturers use crude oil, tight oil and other additives to formulate all types of lubricants.

Moreover, many other manufacturers have definitive contracts with raw material manufacturers as well as suppliers. This strategically enables these companies to reduce uncertain time and price losses in the procurement of these materials. Lubricants are majorly used as diesel engine oils, gearbox & transmissions in passenger cars, commercial vehicles & motorcycle segments of

the automotive sector. The growing automobile sales are expected to augment the global industry growth over the forecast period. The global automotive sales have been on the rise primarily driven by countries such India, China, US and Brazil.

The growth drivers for the manufacturing sector in these markets include favorable foreign investment norms, availability of a large pool of skilled labor & technological know-how. The high growth in niche manufacturing sectors such as 3D printing and medical devices is expected to further complement the industrial growth in these markets. Hence, rapid industrialization in BRICS is expected to drive industrial fluids demand which is expected to complement the global lubricants sector growth.

Major companies in the market are running a consumer-centric business which has led to a high

level of innovations in terms of distribution timeline reductions and enhanced accessibility of the products. Many manufacturers have established ground-level distribution channels with regional suppliers that enable them to focus on other aspects of the business such as quality improvisation, product portfolio enhancement and more. Thereby leaving distribution handling to the dedicated sources with a broader reach and market knowledge. The industry is characterized by a high number of new market entrants that are seeking to tap the lucrative opportunities in the global market while existing players are entering into strategic collaborations to increase capacities & expand their reach into emerging markets. The joint venture, merger, and acquisition activities in the industry have increased significantly over the past decade. Companies constantly seek to establish long-term contract agreements with trusted partners for sustainable business operations globally.

In terms of volume, the automotive segment

dominated the market with a share of more than 57% in 2020. This high share is attributed to the increased sales of consumer automotive such as trucks, busses and other forms of passenger transport. The growth in the economy in emerging countries such as China, India and Brazil has led to the betterment of public transportation in these regions. This trend is expected to strengthen commercial automotive oil demand thereby supporting segment growth over the forecast years.

The increasing industrial production in emerging markets of Asia Pacific and Latin America is anticipated to drive industrial oil products demand over the forecast period. Mining, Unconventional energy and chemicals industries are projected to be among the largest markets for industrial lubricants. This trend is expected to boost the demand for industrial lubricants in applications such as industrial engines, compressors, hydraulics, bearings and centrifuges.

Marine Lubes are widely used in high-and

medium-speed engine oils and slow-speed marine engines. The product helps enhance the engine life and protects the components at high temperatures. some of the these products offer additive technology to provide protection against under-crowns and ring belt. Further, lubricants are used in slow-speed cylinders as they offer high-performance lubrication enhanced protection from mechanical wear and help mitigate cold corrosion.

The Current Indian Lubricant Market

India is the third largest lubricant consumer in the world after the United States and China in a slow growth industry. Automobiles and other transport dominated the market in 2018 owing to increasing production of vehicles in India. Hence, products like Engine oil dominated the market in 2018. The increasing automobile industry and industrial growth in the country are also expected to boost the demand for hydraulic fluids, during the forecast 2019-2024. Currently 41 MMT (million metric

tonnes) of lubricants are produced globally.

The market is expected to increase by 2% annually. Asia-Pacific is considered as the largest consumer of lubricants which shares about 14 MMT per year of which from Asia 4 MMT is shared by China and 2.4 MMT is shared by India.

The automotive lubricant segment constitutes a large pie of the Indian lubricant market. It is projected that the automotive industry will only see growth at a CAGR of 3.9% by 2027.

The demand for automotive lubricants has a direct correlation with on-road vehicle movement as well as growth of vehicle population and automobile sales. Automotive sales will be further fueled by the consumers preference for personal vehicles over public transportation in the post pandemic world. In 2021, India's automotive industry will see a 27% growth from this sector. The growing disposable income and spending power among the middle class and youth population have resulted in a high share of two-wheelers and four-wheelers in the total vehicle park. An untapped potential and under-penetration of vehicles in urban and rural areas present a huge growth potential for auto players. Improving infrastructure with well-connected roads and highways would further propel the demand for automobiles and the rural market will contribute a huge market share in the coming years. Adding to the market, the used car industry is huge and according to 'Indian Pre Owned Car Market Study', the used car market is set to touch 8.2 million units per year by FY25. This growing demand from the automobiles industry is driving the automotive lubricant demand in the country.

By 2022, the government aims to construct 65,000 km of national highways at a cost of Rs. 5.35 lakh crore (US$ 741.51 billion). With the transformation of road infrastructure, more and more vehicles are expected to hit the road. However, the infrastructure lubricant market will also boost in the whole growth story.

The government of India has planned to

spend US$ 1.4 trillion in the next years in the infrastructure sector. Government's continued emphasis to drive India's Infrastructure sector will provide momentum to the Commercial Vehicle Sector. Beyond the increased need for lubricants in a commercial vehicle, there will be an increase in demand for industrial lubricants too. The need for gear oil, transmission fluid, metalworking fluid, and grease will see an upsurge in demand. The Indian industrial lubricant market will be worth USD 1.4 billion in 2020 and is further projected to reach USD 1.8 billion by the year 2027, growing at a CAGR of 3.8% during the forecast period (2021-27).

The Growth Drivers of the Lubricant Market

One of the key drivers supporting the lubricants market growth in India is the increasing demand from end-user industries. Lubricants are used in construction equipment because of their characteristics, such as anti-wear and resistance to corrosion. Hydraulic fluids made from lubricants are used in earthmoving equipment such as crawler excavators and mini excavators, owing to their high energy transmission capacity. They are also used to

increase the drain/re-greasing intervals of the equipment, lubrication efficiency, and the wear resistance of friction pairs, as well as to enhance the lifespan of the equipment. They are used as hydraulic fluids, compressor oils, and others in the steel industry for various applications. Equipment such as blast furnaces, continuous castings, and others require lubricants to reduce downtime and increase operational efficiency. Such factors will drive market growth during the forecast period.

The growth of the lubricants market in India is hampered by fluctuations in crude oil prices. The increasing prices of crude oil in India have adversely impacted the manufacturers and end-users . The fluctuations in crude oil prices cause volatility in raw material prices. Synthetic lubricants are primarily derived from hydrocarbons, which are derived from petroleum. Synthetic esters, PAOs, phosphate esters, glycols, and other silicate esters obtained from petroleum are a few other major sources of construction lubricants. Volatility in raw material prices can adversely affect the supply and profit margins of manufacturers. The increasing demand for cars and other

automobiles and steady use of lubricants in various processing industries for reducing mechanical friction are major factors driving market revenue growth. On top of that, the rising demand for high-performance engines in the automotive industry and rapid innovations in lubricants manufacturing processes are some other factors expected to contribute to revenue growth of the market between 2022 and 2030.

Lubricants are adhering, solid, semi-solid or liquid hydrocarbon substances used for reducing friction between two colliding surfaces. This enables smooth operation of machines and protects them from frictional wearing and damage. It has extensive applications in processing industries, especially in unit operations that have moving components. The automotive industry is a major end-user of the substance where various forms of lubricants are used for reducing friction between surfaces. It also prevents corrosion of metal parts in contact by inhibiting oxidation, therefore minimizing repair time and requirements. The increasing demand for cars and other automobiles is a key factor driving revenue growth of the global lubricants market.

The rising usage of lubricants can also be attributed to increasing adoption of bio-based oil lubricants by various end-use industries which have higher biodegradability than conventional lubricants prepared from fossil fuel distillates. The processing industries and automobile parts, especially engine lubricants, has increased over the years which is contributing to revenue growth of the market. Moreover, the increasing adoption of hybrid and electric vehicles, lasting limitations of grease lubricants and detrimental effects of lubricants on the environment are some major factors restraining revenue growth of the global lubricants market. Over the years, the adoption of electric vehicles has increased significantly which has decreased sales of engine oils and other lubricants. According to statistics from the International Energy Agency (IEA) sales of electric vehicles have doubled in 2021 with

a total count of around 6.6 million and have accounted for 10% of global car sales. Further, the sale of electric vehicles has increased significantly in China accounting for 16% of the global electric car sales share, with over 3,300 car registrations in 2021. The use of grease as an industrial lubricant has several detrimental properties including limited lasting of grease on lubricating surfaces and limited cooling ability of the lubricant which is expected to decrease consumer preference to purchase grease. The contamination of lubricants through dirt, air particles and industrial scraps is a major cause of premature bearing failure. The presence of synthetic and mineral base oils decreases the biodegradability of lubricants which is expected to negatively affect plant, animal and aquatic life. This is another factor expected to hamper revenue growth of the market during the forecast period.

The segment of Synthetic oils accounted for significant revenue share in the global lubricants market in 2021

On the basis of type, the global lubricants market is segmented into synthetic oils, mineral oils and bio-based oils. The synthetic oils segment is expected to account for a significantly large revenue share during the forecast period. The lower vehicle emissions, compatibility with automotive hardware and lower cost are increasing demand for synthetic oils as base oils for manufacturing lubricants. Synthetic base oil lubricants also provide enhanced shear stability and chemical stability as well as better viscosity index which is some

of the factors expected to increase demand for synthetic base oils for producing lubricants, contributing to revenue growth of the segment between 2022 and 2030.

The segment of Gear and engine oil accounted for largest revenue share in the global lubricant market in 2021

On the basis of application, the global lubricants market is segmented into industrial lubrication, gear and engine oil, brake fluids, greases, vacuum pumps and others. The gear and engine oil segment accounted for a significant revenue share in the global lubricants market in 2021. Gear oil is used for lubrication of gear systems and to prevent wear and tear of metal parts due to friction. Recurrently replacing gear oil maintains the longevity of vehicles and reduces corrosion of components and reduces repair costs. Similarly engine oils minimize friction between components of the engine which are in constant motion when a

vehicle is switched on. Additionally, lubricants also maintain a lower temperature therefore protecting it against corrosion. Engine oils also prevent contamination and deposition of microbes in parts of the engine by carrying the suspension colonies to the oil filter which prevents deterioration of engine performance which is a major factor expected to support revenue growth of the segment during the forecast period.

The industrial lubrication segment accounted for a moderate revenue share in 2021. The rising number of processing industries and increasing adoption of automated machines in pre-existing industries and manufacturing plants are key factors increasing demand for lubricants in the segment. Oils, greases, fluids and other lubricating substances are used in moving parts and motors of industrial unit operations. The rapid industrialization in high-income countries is expected to further increase demand for lubricants for industrial purposes over the coming years.

On the basis of end-use, the global lubricants market is segmented into automotive industry, aerospace industry, marine industry, energy industry, oil and gas industry, textile industry and others. The automotive industry segment accounted for a significant revenue share in 2021. The lubricants have a wide range of applications in cars and other vehicles such as brakes, engines, clutch and gear which is increasing their demand in the automotive industry. Engine oils, brake fluids, and gear oils reduce friction between colliding surfaces and prevent damage to automotive parts, which is increasing their adoption. The number of vehicle ownership has significantly increased in the Asia Pacific as well as Europe regions.

Insights of the Asia Pacific Region

The lubricants market in Asia Pacific accounted

for the largest revenue share in 2021. The increasing ownership of vehicles and rapid industrialization in countries in this region are major factors driving revenue growth of the lubricants market in Asia Pacific. The rising population and the latest advancement in automobile technologies have significantly boosted demand for vehicles, including cars, motorcycles and other modes of transport. in addition , the improvement of road infrastructure for transportation is another factor contributing to the rising demand.

The North America lubricants market is projected to register a rapid growth rate from 2022-2030. The rapid developments in the aerospace industry and increases in the production of crude oil are contributing to revenue growth of the market in the region. The increase in supply of the crude oil is expected to provide more substrate for production of lubricants through distillation which will meet the increasing demand due to rapid urbanization and industrial projects in countries in this region. An increasing number of partnerships on the regional level is another factor expected to contribute to revenue growth of the North America Lubricants Market.

The Europe Lubricants market is expected to account for a steady revenue growth rate over the forecast period. The increasing number of industrial acquisitions by major companies present in countries in the region as well as rapid developments in the automotive industry are some of the key factors driving revenue growth of the Europe lubricants market. The lubricants are extensively used in the automotive industry in the form of engine fuels, gear oils and brake fluids. The statistics from the International Council on Clean Transportation report suggest that new passenger cars accounted for around 86% of total new vehicle registrations in the EU in 2020 of which gasoline and diesel-based vehicles occupied the major share (45% and 39.3%, respectively). This is expected to increase demand for lubricants and consequently support revenue growth of the market over the coming years.

CM

Automotive industry segment accounted for the largest revenue share in the global lubricants market in 2021

Q . Could you throw some light on the market-reach of Filtrec?

Filtrec S.p.A is a leading Hydraulic Filtration company having presence in global market & India from for 3 decades, providing Filtration solutions to hydraulic systems in association with various worlds reputed manufacturers.

Filtrec S.p.A head quartered at Italy, having state of the art modern manufacturing facilities, R&D and design offices having 2 manufacturing facility in Italy and one in Tumkur Karnataka India, named as Filtrec Bharat Manufacturing Pvt. Ltd. We have warehouses, marketing and sales offices strategically located across globe. Our well-stocked inventory allows customers to order any parts and supplies are made in shortest possible time. This helps our customers to keep minimum inventory & there by increases bottom line

Q . What tests and projects has Filtrec undertaken successfully?

Filtrec offers the product variety of filter housing and expertise in designing and manufacturing filter elements. Customers can choose their requirements from our range of over 1,00,000 filter elements. We are the preferred suppliers for Construction / Mining / Steel & Aluminum / Equipment Manufacturers / Oil & Gas industries / Food & beverage/ Paper & Pulp, including leading Filter manufacturers across the globe.

Q. What are the new products showcased by Filtrec in recent years?

We have introduced a new range for all such as the high pressure, suction and return line filters. We offer replacement element which fits in filter housings made by leading manufacturers worldwide, i.e. they fit geometrically and exceeds performance of OEM’s We will also be commencing the in-house production for the components of the Filter elements such as the end caps, perforation tubes etc.

Q . What will be the industry's outlook for coming years?

The Hydraulic Industry in India is growing rapidly, and the Hydraulic equipment market is expected to grow at a CAGR of nearly 6.2% from 2020-2026. The expansion of aerospace, defence industry as well as new construction

projects are offering an opportunity for market growth. Hence, the future of filters in India is quite promising and India has already become a manufacturing hub for filters, also reason being high import costs and duties.

Q . Which are the most significant projects in India that currently you are working on?

We will be introducing the Spin on filters range as well as commence the components production in India.

Q . Tell us about your offerings for the construction segment in India.

Today’s earth moving machinery require higher cleanliness standards, and demand higher filtration performance. Owners of vehicles and equipment desire solutions providing lower cost of operation and ownership. Filtrec offers a comprehensive line of filters and filter elements that include some of the industry’s most innovative solutions.

We offer a variety of products such as the Air Filters Filler Breathers, Tank Top return Filters, In Line High Pressure Filters, spin on filters elements as well as interchangeable filter elements, accessories etc., for the construction segment so that can rely on our products to work in challenging environments where vehicle performance, efficiency and reliability is critically important.

Q . Where is Filtrec R & D centre and how do they work?

Filtrec is an ISO 9001:2001/ ISO 14001:2004 certified company for the development and manufacturing of Hydraulic & Process filters.

We have a full-fledged R&D facility set up in Filtrec S.p.A, Italy. R&D plays a key role in our organization and is supported by a fully equipped lab with the test rigs required to meet the latest international specifications. The department is run by a team of experienced and enthusiastic engineers who are also active members of the ISO filtration committee.

Its focus is developing and testing new ideas to always main a step ahead with out media and filter performance, allowing us to convert our customers’ requirements into innovative solutions. CM

BACKHOE LOADER

BACKHOE LOADERS BACKBONE OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Backhoe Loaders are the backbone of the construction industry and this is the equipment that is necessary at every construction site whether small or big. Backhoe loaders are widely employed for a wide range of jobs, including construction, minor demolition, light building material delivery, powering building equipment, excavating holes, landscaping, removing asphalt, and paving roads. In many cases, powered attachments like a breaker, grapple, auger, or stump grinder can be used in place of the backhoe bucket. The tiltrotator is an example of an intermediate attachment that can improve the articulation of other attachments. Many backhoes have auxiliary hydraulic circuits and quick coupler (quick-attach) mounting mechanisms for easier attachment mounting, maximising the

machine's use on the job site. Some loader buckets include a retractable bottom, or "clamshell," which makes it possible for it to efficiently and rapidly unload its load. For grading and scraping, retractable bottom loader buckets are frequently employed.

The majority of backhoe loaders have hydraulic outriggers or stabilisers at the back when digging and lower the loader bucket for additional stability because digging when on tyres inherently causes the machine to rock and the swinging weight of the backhoe could cause the vehicle to tilt. As a result, efficiency is decreased whenever the vehicle needs to change positions since the bucket must be raised and the outriggers must be retracted. In order to increase digging efficiency, many

companies offer small tracked excavators that forego the loader feature and the ability to be driven from site to site.

Hydraulic pressure is the secret of the backhoe's power. The operator of the machine can extend its arm and use a toothed bucket to cut through soil thanks to hydraulic lines, a reservoir of hydraulic fluid, a pump, and a number of pistons. By applying pressure to the hydraulic fluid via the pump and opening a valve with the levers, the oil is released into a piston. To raise the arm, swing the bucket, bury it in the ground, and bring it out of the excavation, the piston expands. The oil flows out of the piston and back into the reservoir when the valve is turned in the other direction.

The backhoe loader's primary tool is a backhoe. It is used to move big objects like sewer boxes or hard, compact material, which is typically earth. This material can be lifted by it, and it can then be piled up next to the hole. The backhoe resembles a large, incredibly powerful arm or finger. The boom, the dipstick, and the bucket are its three segments. Your arm and this configuration are pretty similar. Your upper arm, forearm, and hand are the three parts of your arm. The backhoe can create any type of hole, but it excels at creating ditches. The driver must park the tractor and swivel the seat around in order to operate the backhoe.

With backhoe loaders, the focus is always on operating more efficiently. The capacity of a backhoe loader to combine so many distinct tasks into a single piece of equipment is one of its most valuable features. You can do a variety of things, but you can also do two things at once. You can dig on one side, turn around, and raise with the other using the arms at each end. There are numerous possibilities when adding attachments.

You may avoid buying additional equipment by using these multipurpose pieces of machinery, which also streamlines your fleet management requirements. Reducing the amount of storage space, the amount of maintenance needed,

and the amount of fuel used are all benefits. Since you can fit more tools on it, it's especially useful on construction sites with limited space for equipment, like tight spaces for remodelling and gardening.

Benefits of a Backhoe Loader

Versatility: Since labour costs are the only variable costs that can be changed, small firms and MSMEs are forced to reduce them as a result of shrinking budgets and a lack of financial support. A multi-function backhoe loader may complete a variety of jobs and can be used only once, which lowers the cost of ongoing expenses. Everyone who passes a construction site will likely see a backhoe loader, whether it is being used to build a modest house or repair a section of damaged road.

Simple for the operator to use: The operator's cabin inside the backhoe is roomy enough for him and a handful of his possessions to fit comfortably. Additionally, the operator may stretch his legs after a long shift because to the ample leg room. This extra capability boosts production and offers the machine an advantage over other utility equipment. This machine's extremely durable engine is its most crucial component. However, quality varies from company to company. As a result, a person who purchases a loader from a reputable brand will always find the machine to be worth the money spent on it.

Strength and Resilience: While advancing R&D, it is also kept in mind that consumer welfare is important because the engine's capability is constantly improving. The creators have now established that the intention behind buying the machine was not for a short-term goal but rather a long-term objective that can be linked to the intention. The equipment is designed to be as productive as possible and to withstand all kinds of on- and off-road stress while remaining fully functioning.

Applications of a Backhoe Loader

There are many things to do with a backhoe, and

you can find them on a wide range of job sites:

Landscaping: A backhoe loader can be used for a variety of landscaping tasks, including removing entire trees or making room for a pond, fence post, or water feature. Among many other things, it may move soil, stones, and other materials about the job site and dig irrigation line trenches.

Construction: The adaptability and flexibility of backhoe loaders are advantageous for both residential and commercial building projects. They simplify basic demolition operations and can assist with grading, material transportation, and pavement breaking on all sizes of jobs.

Agriculture: Backhoes can be used for a variety of agricultural tasks, including laying irrigation lines, burying deceased animals, and raising hay bales. Smaller machinery doesn't take up much room and offers a variety of functions for whatever unforeseen demands arise on the farm.

Backhoe Loader Attachments

Breakers and hammers: Backhoe loader hammer and breaker attachments are excellent for use in construction, mining, and excavation projects because they can cut through asphalt, rocks, concrete, and other resistant materials.

Tamper or compactor: Attachments for a compactor or tamper make it simple to compact loose soil more forcefully than with a hand-operated compactor. They work well for simple spot-tamping needs.

Tiger tooth: A tiger tooth attachment makes it simple to enter difficult or snowy terrain. If you operate in a cooler environment in the North, it is a helpful item to have.

Thumb buckets: Use the hydraulic thumb on the opposite side of your bucket to move things with unusual shapes around the job site. It will keep material in the bucket and make working with a larger variety of materials simpler.

Rippers: Like a tiger tooth, a ripper attachment can have one tooth, or it can have numerous teeth lined up in a row to cover more land. Both times, they work well for breaking through

frozen or hard terrain.

Snowplows and snow pushers: These add-ons provide easy snow removal during the winter and have the strength to handle even big snowdrifts.

Augers: A helical spiral is used by augers to rotate dirt out of the hole once they have pierced the ground with a pointed tip. For a variety of jobs, including post installation, tree planting, pipe laying, and drilling footing, they will make neatly cut holes.

Fork pallets: Fork prongs can hold pallets in tasks involving material handling. Many firms that need to transport items about a job site without the use of additional machinery may find these attachments to be an invaluable addition.

Specialty buckets: Buckets with various emptying processes, such as tipping from above or to one side, are beneficial for many tasks. Additionally, using V-shaped ditching buckets can greatly simplify and ease the operation of digging a ditch.

Log grapples: These grapples fit the precise shape needed in logging or tree clearance activities for swiftly moving logs around and lifting them without leaving the cab.

Stump grinders: The quick labour that a stump grinder attachment can provide, removing the wood swiftly and establishing level ground for other chores, can be advantageous for many landscaping projects.

Crushers: A backhoe loader's crusher attachment can be used to crush a variety of materials, including rock, masonry, concrete scraps, and asphalt. Additionally, it works well to separate concrete from rebar.

Why Renting Is A Better Option?

Business Expansion: An important benefit of renting a backhoe loader for short-term projects for experienced developers and above is that fixed rental costs make it easier to create an exact budget. Additionally, if you hire heavy machinery, you want a machine that can do a variety of jobs so you can avoid issues while also saving money.

Upkeep of Machinery: The key benefit is that with an equipment rental agreement, your company can finish brand-new, brief-term projects with no additional ongoing maintenance expenses. Compared to buying equipment, where a long-term, extremely well-ventilated storage room is needed, storage expenses are lower. Nobody wants to subject the equipment to intense sunlight, wind, or rain in order to impair its quality.

High-Caliber and Precise Executions: Renting backhoe loaders enable contractors to execute projects with few quality flaws, reducing the possibility of subpar work. With an additional attachment, this machinery may carry out a range of activities while reducing the requirement for physical labor.

Short-term work: The majority of farmers own the essential tools they require, but some are only used occasionally and are therefore more cost-effective to rent.

Reducing workdays: Backhoe loaders are tools that can carry out a variety of tasks on their own, making them useful for working more quickly and intelligently. The backhoe loader is kept from toppling over by the digging cup and arm, stabilisers hold it upright when digging, and covered cabs shield the operators from gravel and dirt.

Backhoe Loader Market Scenario

The largest market in the world for backhoe loaders is India. The machinery is very flexible, less expensive, and can work in muddy and uneven areas, which makes it very well-liked in the Indian construction industry. Numerous civil engineering projects and smart city initiatives drive the market need for micro excavators. The demand for big skyscrapers and permanent cranes in the Indian market is supported by

real estate and projects for affordable housing. The earthmoving, material handling, and road construction equipment segments make up the bulk of the Indian construction market. Due to significant government investments in infrastructure development, expansion in renewable energy, and the nation's mining industries, demand for excavators and backhoe loaders will increase.

The country's mining industry is expanding as a result of the rise in commodity prices and increased market demand for coal and iron ore. Additionally, government programmes like Amtanirbar Bharat and Make in India promote the growth of the manufacturing industry. The expansion of infrastructure development initiatives across India, including the Diamond

Quadrilateral, Chennai Metro Rail, Gujarat International Finance Tec-City, and DelhiMumbai Trade Corridor Infrastructural improvements to the Indian Railways will cost $715.4 billion by 2030. Over the next ten years, the Indian energy sector is anticipated to provide $300 billion in investment opportunities. CM

Seismic Analysis of RCC Building with Different Shapes of Shear Walls and Without Shear Wall

Abstract - Shear walls are the structural component which are used in structure at different locations to resist the lateral loads and to provide earthquake resistance. Shear walls possess large in-plane stiffness which resists lateral loads. In the present study, analysis has been carried out on a (B+G+26) storey building by taking different shape of shear walls and by changing their respective positions. The whole structure has been analyzed and modeled using FEM integrated software ETABS considering seismic zone IV of INDIA given in IS1893-2016. In this paper the response spectrum analysis is carried out on type -II (i.e., medium soil) for a regular structure in plan in all the building as specified and it is observed that structures with uniformly placed shear walls at centre will show better results in terms of all seismic parameters compared to structures without shear walls and other share wall building. Comparison of results has been done of different models by comparing the parameters such as storey drift, storey displacement, storey stiffness, time period and base reaction.

Keywords –Shear Wall, ETABS, Natural Period, Storey Displacement, Base Shear and Storey drift

INTRODUCTION

Earthquakes are the vibrations or the motion of the ground due to release of energy. The vibrations or ground motion are the important

factors to analyze and design the earthquake resistant structure. So, to reduce the impact of earthquake different efforts has been done in this field. Basically, earthquake exerts lateral as well as vertical forces so to dissipate those forces and the vibration in system earthquake resistant structure has been design. The design of earthquake resistant structures depends on providing stiffness strength and inelastic deformation which withstand the earthquake forces. As the height of the structure increases, the lateral loads acting on the structure increase and the stiffness decreases, so those forces can be easily countered by providing cross braces, moment resistant frames, and shear walls etc. IS: 1893-2016 (Part-1) provides criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures comprising of general specifications [1]. Several software’s such as ETABS are available now a day’s for linear and nonlinear static and dynamic analysis and design of threedimensional structures [2]. Seismic earthquake analysis of building configuration with different position of shear wall can be possible [3]. Change in shear wall location greatly affects the storey drift of multi Storey building subjected to lateral loads [4]. A book is also available for earthquake resistant design of structures [5]. Some Non-destructive testing methods are also proposed for concrete structures in Karad region [6]. For earthquake analysis RCC performance can be improved with addition of SBR and Steel Fibre [7]. Performance based

analysis and design of building frames with earthquake loading is a recent area of research in this field [8,9]. Base isolation for frames is one of the effective way to reduce earthquake vibrations on building structures [10]. For using shear walls in different configuration and stiffness’s efficiently reduces in earthquake impact on structures [11]. Various types of rubber isolators are available for base isolation techniques of buildings and structures [12]. For different seismic zones; dynamic analysis of multi storied building with using such shear walls is to be evaluated [13]. In this research paper we made attempt to model and analyses building frames with different shapes of shear walls and provided sufficient results for the same in terms of seismic analysis.

A. Shear Wall

Shear wall is a structural component used to resist the both gravity loads and lateral loads (earthquake and wind loads). Shear Wall are the vertical structural member that starts from foundation and run throughout the height of building. Shear wall thickness varies from 150mm to 400mm, depending on the no. of stories, thermal insulation and design period [3] RCC shear wall has high in plane stiffness, at the same time resist massive horizontal masses and support gravity masses in the direction of orientation of the walls [5], thereby serving advantageous in many Structural Engineering applications and reducing the risk of damage in structure. Shear walls additionally give lateral stiffness to prevent the roof or floor on top of from excessive side-sway.

C. Advantage of shear wall

Shear walls offer various advantages such as providing stability and stiffness to the structure, reduces sway and earthquake damages. To support this statement an example of a recent collapse of Champlain towers that collapsed in Florida during the early hours of 24thjune, 2021 has been described below. A wing of 12 storey Champlain tower collapsed due to long term penetration of water from the pool area corroding the reinforcement provided in the slab below. However, only a portion of the tower collapsed while the other half did not collapse. A portion of the tower stood

stiff because shear walls were provided which provided stiffness to the structure, reducing the impact. This case study provides a very good reasoning on how effective shear walls are in providing stiffness to the structure. Lateral forces can cause powerful torsional forces that can rip the building apart. Shear walls plays an important role in resisting such forces

B. Geometry and location of shear wall

Shear walls are having different shapes at different location such as Z shape, box shape, T shape, L shape, Quadrant shape etc. Generally, shear wall is located as a core wall or it is located at different position either at different corner or different edges. Usually shear wall form the core for elevators [5] or used as reinforced walls with openings in it. Shear walls are placed at a particular place where it can resist more loads or the structure. In this study, structure with different shape of shear wall at different location is analyzed in ETABS software and comparison for the same is done. Researchers have done comparative study on effective position of shear walls at different locations in different seismic zones for RCC multi-storey structure. Various models were prepared for the study and parameters such as storey drift, Displacement and storey shear have been found in all the zones. i.e., (Zone II, III, IV and V). It is concluded that the shear walls are most effective when they are located on the sides of the building and storey drift and displacement is found to be maximum zone. Research has done on a comparative study of different shapes of shear wall at different

Fig 1.0 Champlain Towers Florida

location in structure subjected to seismic load. The intermediate position of shear walls is best suited with respect to core and the periphery positions of shear walls in a building. Practically it shows that the shear wall at intermediate position is most suitable and economical as compare to the shear wall at core and the periphery positions.

To study structure performance with shear wall subjected to seismic load has been done in this paper. Parameters such as axial force, shear force, moments, and torsion are carried out for different stories. Structures with number of walls that are not well designed for seismic performance which had well distributed reinforcement are saved from collapse. Structural parameters are observed for lateral deflection in structure due to seismic loading. Three major type of structure has been studied in this such as rigid frame, wall framed structure and coupled frame.

Effect of position of shear wall with different shapes at different location for parameters such as structure drift, axial load and displacement is investigated in this paper. Presence of shear wall far away from the center of gravity results in the increase in most of the member forces.

It is concluded that the increase in eccentricity shows non-uniform movement of the right and left sides of the building roof which causes torsion and induces excessive moments and forces in the member.

D. Earthquake analysis methods:

● Equivalent static analysis

● Push over analysis

● Response spectrum analysis

● Linear dynamic analysis

● Non-Linear dynamic analysis

● Time history analysis

● Non-Linear static analysis

As per Indian Code If the height of the building is more than 15 meters and it is in Zone IV, and then dynamic analysis will have to be performed. Dynamic analysis is performed by either the response spectrum method or the time history method. In the present study, analysis of G+26 storey building is done by response spectrum method using ETABS software. Response Spectrum can be

defined as a plot of the peak or the graph showing the maximum response (maximum displacement, velocity and acceleration) against the natural frequency of a single degree of freedom system (SDOF). This method involves finding out the maximum allowable limit of the displacements values and the forces in each mode of vibrations using smooth design spectra which is the average of earthquake motion. The main constraint of the Response spectrum analysis is that they are globally suitable to linear systems only.

E. Objectives of the study

I. To analyze the (B+G+26) storey building with Different Shape of shear wall at Different location using ETABS Software

II. To study behavior of the structure for different Shape of shear wall at different locations.

III. To study and compare the parameters such as Base shear, Natural Period, storey shear, storey displacement and storey drift.

IV. To determine the optimum Shape of shear wall in the structure.

F. Modeling and Analysis

In this study, a 26-story building with each story height of 3m is considered and modeled using ETABS software. The buildings are assumed to be fixed at the base and the location has been taken in Delhi. In this structure seven different models were considered, out of which one is bare frame model and other six models consist shear wall at different location and of different shapes, all models are in Zone IV. Results of all the model has compared for the parameters such as base shear, storey shear, natural period, storey displacement and storey drift.

Modeling and Analysis Data

In this study, six different shapes of shear wall with different location and one without shear wall is taken into consideration. The structure with different shapes of shear wall with different location as shown in Fig 1-7 are modeled and analyze using ETABS software.

Table 1, 2 shows building description and loading data on building respectively.

TABLE 1 Building description

Floor Area 35.5 X 35.5

No of Story B1+G+26

Grade of Concrete M-35

Grade of Steel Fe-415

Height of each storey 3 M

Size of Column 6 to 15 (Floor) 650*650(mm)

Size of Column 16 to 26 (Floor) 600*600(mm)

Size of Beam 1 to 12 (Floor) 500*600(mm)

Size of Beam 13 to 26 (Floor) 400*600(mm)

Size of Slab Thick 200 MM

Wall Thick 230 MM

Zone IV

Soil Type II

Importance Factor 1.2

Response Reduction

TABLE 2 Loading Data on Building

1 Floor Finish 3 KN/m2

2 Floor Finish on Roof 4 KN/m2

3 Live Load on Floor 4 KN/m2

4 Live Load on Roof 1.5KN/m2

5 Wall Load on Floor beam Wall 15 KN/m

6 Wall Load on Roof Beam 5 KN/m

Fig. 1 Plan of Structure Box- Shape shear Wall (Model 1)

Fig. 2 Plan of Structure Z- Shape shear Wall (Model 2)

Fig. 3 Plan of Structure T- Shape shear Wall (Model 3)

Fig. Plan of Structure Quadrant- Shape shear Wall (Model-4)

Fig. 5 of Structure L- Shape shear Wall(Model 5)

Fig. Side- Shear Wall(Model 6)

F. Results and Discussion

In this part results are provided for different modes. Hence table 3 shows time period for building frames with different shapes of shear wall.

Table 3 Time period for seven mode

BOX SHAPE Z SHAPE TSHAPE QUADRENT SHAPE

position and the structure without shear wall. From the above table, the base shear is more for structure having Z shape model and less for the structure with no shear wall. The model having Z shape gives higher values i.e. the stiffness and the mass of structure will be more for Z shape shear wall. The model without shear wall gives lesser value i.e. the stiffness and mass of structure will be less for the structure without shear wall

L SHAPE SIDE WALL WITHOUT SHEAR WALL

CASE MODE PERIOD (sec) PERIOD (sec) PERIOD (sec) PERIOD (sec) PERIOD (sec) PERIOD (sec) PERIOD (sec)

Modal 1 3.417 3.409 3.564 3.751 3.812 3.936 4.706

Modal 2 3.394 3.289 3.277 3.096 3.664 3.693 4.591

Modal 3 2.813 2.589 2.731 2.471 2.853 3.259 4.201

Modal 4 1.015 0.983 1.092 1.101 1.126 1.207 1.616

Modal 5 0.982 0.925 0.901 0.877 1.093 1.151 1.583

Modal 6 0.819 0.71 0.792 0.705 0.821 1.023 1.463

Modal 7 0.494 0.471 0.548 0.531 0.545 0.612 0.918

Modal 8 0.471 0.434 0.41 0.408 0.532 0.586 0.904

Modal 9 0.394 0.329 0.376 0.33 0.385 0.528 0.844

Modal 10 0.296 0.289 0.338 0.321 0.328 0.376 0.647

Table-3 above shows the natural period values for all models i.e. structure with different shapes of shear wall at different location and structure without shear walls. Above results shows that the natural time period for the structure having Z shape shear wall is less i.e. the displacement will be less that leads to higher stiffness. The natural period of structure without shear wall are more that implies the structure is less stiff.

TABLE 4: Base Shears for Seven Models

Modal Base Shear In (X) KN Base Shear In (Y) KN

Z Shape 6309.011 6053.36

T-Shape 6173.68 5403.697

Box Shape 5830.063 5865.59

Quadrant Shape 5462.22 6473.367

L Shape 5316.13 5521.231

Side Wall 5222.274 5356.055

Without Shear Wall 5061.388 5060.632

Table-4 shows variation in base shear for models i.e. structure with different shapes at different

Displacement

Displacement of structure with different shapes of shear wall and the structure without shear walls is calculated using the response spectrum method. In this analysis, structure with zone-IV has been considered. The values which are obtained from analysis are shown in Fig 8 and 9. which shows the comparison of max. displacement for bare frame and the shear wall for different shapes. It is observed that providing shear wall reduce the displacement of a building. From fig-8 and 9, the max storey displacement in RSX load case is less for T-shape

Fig. 7 Plan of Structure Without shear Wall(Model 7)

Fig. Comparison of Storey Displacement in RSX

Fig. 9 Comparison of Storey Displacement in RSY

model and in RSY load case is less for quadrant shape.

Fig. 11 Comparison of Drift Ratio in RSY

Storey Drift

Storey drift are difference of displacement between two successive stories divided by the height of that storey. The storey drift of structure with different shapes of shear wall and the structure without shear wall are calculated using response spectrum analysis method. Zone-IV is considered for the analysis. The values obtained from analysis are shown in Fig 10 and 11.

Fig 10 and 11 shows the comparison of maximum storey drift for bare frame and shear wall with different shapes. It is observed that by providing shear wall it reduces the storey drift. Fig 10 and 11, the max storey drift in RSX load case is less for T-shape model and in RSY load case is less for quadrant shape

Fig. 13 Comparison of Storey Stiffness in RSY Storey Stiffness

It is observed by using response spectrum method that for RSX load case with different shapes of shear wall where the storey stiffness is maximum for T shape model and minimum stiffness for without shear wall structure. For RSY load case the storey stiffness maximum for quadrant shape model and less for the structure without shear wall. The values obtained from analysis are shown in Fig 12 and 13.

G. Conclusion

In this study, (B+G+26) storey structure with different shapes at different location are analyzed in ETABS software. Some of the conclusions are as follows:

Base shear for the model with Z shape gives higher i.e., the stiffness and the mass of structure will be more for Z shape shear wall. The model without shear wall gives lesser value i.e. the stiffness and mass of structure will be less for the structure without shear wall.

Storey stiffness for structure is observed maximum for z shaped shear wall.

Natural period for structure is observed maximum for Z shaped shear wall.

Storey displacement for structure is observed less for box shaped shear wall.

Storey drift for structure is observed less for T- shaped shear wall building.

It is observed that by changing the location of shear wall stiffness, base shear, time period,

Fig. 12 Comparison of Storey Stiffness in RSX

Fig. 10 Comparison of Drift Ratio in RSX

storey displacement and storey drift are changing, so suitable location of the shear wall are required in structure.

REFERENCES

1. IS: 1893-2016 (Part-1), ‘‘Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

2. ETABS, manual., Linear and Nonlinear Static and Dynamic Analysis and Design of Three-Dimensional Structures, Computer and Structures Inc, Berkeley, California, U.S.A, 2004.

3. Chandiwala, Anuj. "Earthquake analysis of building configurationwith different position of shear wall." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 2, no. 12 (2012): 347-353

4. Sardar, Shahzad Jamil, and Umesh N. Karadi. "Effect of change in shear wall location on storey drift of multi Storey building subjected to lateral loads." International Journal of Innovative Research in Science Engineering and Technology 2, no. 9 (2013).

5. Earthquake Resistant Design Of Structures By Pankaj Agarwal Manish Shrikhande

6. RL Wankhade, AB Landage, “Non-destructive testing of concrete structures in Karad region”, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 51, pp.8-18, (2013).

7. Rajan L. Wankhade, Amarsinh B. Landage, “Study on properties of concrete with addition of SBR and Steel Fiber”, International Journal of Engineering Research, Volume No.5 Issue: Special 3, pp: 761-765, (2016).

8. RL Wankhade, AB Landage, “Performance Based Analysis and Design of Building Frames with Earthquake Loading”,, International Journal of Engineering Research, Vol. 5 (1), pp.106-110, (2016).

9. RL Wankhade, “Performance Based Design and Estimation of Forces for Building Frames with Earthquake Loading”, International Conference on Recent Trends and Challenges in Civil Engineering December 12-14, 2014, MNNIT Allahabad, India.

10. RL Wankhade, AB Landage, “Static Analysis For Fixed Base And Base Isolated Building Frame”, Proceedings of National Conference on Advances in Civil and Structural Engineering (NCACSE-2014), pp.466-473.

11. Mishra, R. S., V. Kushwaha, and S. Kumar. "A comparative study of different configuration of shear wall location in soft story building subjected to seismic load." International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN (2015): 2395-0056

12. RL Wankhade, “Performance Analysis Of Rc Moment Resisting Frames Using Different Rubber Bearing Base Isolation Techniques”, International Conference on Innovations in Concrete for Infrastructure Challenges Nagpur, India October 6-7, 2017.

13. Ahamad, Shaik Akhil, and K. V. Pratap. "Dynamic analysis of G+ 20 multi storied building by using shear walls in various locations for different seismic zones by using Etabs." Materials Today: Proceedings 43 (2021): 1043-1048. CM

Seismic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Chimney with Height to Base Diameter Variation

Abstract - Rapid growth of industrialization and increasing need for air pollution control has made long RC Chimney a common structure in the modern construction. Chimneys are generally provided in the industries to discharge. Pollutants into the atmosphere at certain heights and velocities that the pollutants do not harm the environment. As the height increases they are more vulnerable to earthquake. Chimneys have been analyzed by Response Spectrum Method and various parameters like Joint displacement, Base reaction, Base moment, Joint reaction, Joint moment, Shell forces, Joint drift, Design reaction, Designe moment.

Keywords - RC Chimney;height to base dia;Response spectra method;E-tabs,Seismic analysis

INTRODUCTION

Chimneys are relatively tall structures subjected to three types of stresses. (I)Stresses due to self weight, (ii) Stresses due to Horizontal moment and (iii) Stresses due to temperature variation between the inside and outside of the chimney. Brick chimneys are suitable only for short height as they become bulky with the increase in height and require heavy foundations also due to large temperature gradient. Chimneys or stacks are very important industrial structures for emission of poisonous gases to a higher elevation such that the gases do not contaminate surrounding atmosphere. These structures are tall, slender and generally with circular cross-sections. Different construction materials, such as concrete, steel or masonry, are used to build chimneys.

chimneys are ideally suited for process work where a short heat-up period and low thermal capacity are required. Also, steel chimneys are economical for height up to 45m. Chimneys are majorly used to discharge waste flue gases into the atmosphere at high altitudes. Hence, inside chimney temperature is high as compared to its ambient atmospheric temperature.

To estimate exact future ground motion and its corresponding response of the structure, it depends on soil-structure interaction, structural stuffiness, damping etc. For analysis purpose, chimney is behaved like a cantilever beam with flexural deformations.

METHODOLOGY

Step 1 : Fix the Dimensions

To create a model for the analysis in software dimensions is necessary for the given requirements, Dimension of chimney being drawn based on the requirements.

Step 2: Load Calculations and Load Combinations

Load calculations are carried out based on various Indian Standards such as IS: 875(Part –1)-1987 for Dead loads (Unit weight of Building materials), IS: 875(Part –2)-1987 for Imposed loads and IS: 1893(Part 1)-2002 for Seismic loads. The earthquake stress on a steel chimney is usually less than the wind loading stress. Normal steel chimneys can generally resist earthquake with an intensity of up to MERCALLI scale 10 without serious damage. However, in cases where a heavy mass is fitted at the top of the chimney, a special investigation is necessary. The main effect of high temperature in self-supporting chimneys is the modification of the mechanical properties of the steel.

Step 3 : Analysis Using ETABS Software

The created model in the ETABS has to be analyzed after the assignment of properties of members. Load cases details and definition of loads should be defined carefully based on the calculation of loads and IS codes. Load cases details be in the order of Dead load, Live load, Thermal load and -z, Seismic + x & +z and other load combinations for the analysis.

Step 4 : Design as Per Indian Standards

Understanding the design procedure of a concrete chimney as per third revision of Indian standard code IS 4998 (part 1):1992. Design of RC chimney is based on the values will be obtaining from analysis where IS: 456 -2000 and SP are be using for the design procedure and for various checks

Step 5: Analyze all the selected chimney models in structural software E-tabs.

Step 6 : compare the behavior of different chimney models in terms of bending stress, lateral displacement and lateral forces for the chimney by analyzing the models for static forces and evaluate the analysis results.

MODELING AND ANALYSIS

The chimneys are designed in this plan are of five special heights. They are 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, 250 m and 300 m. The standard elevation adopted for chimney in India is 275 m. But thinking of strong environmental limitation in future this height may not be sufficient for disposing the gaseous products as it will pose a serious threat causing air pollution. So increasing the height of the chimney would be better idea to meet out the environmental challenges. Considering chimney as a solid shell structure, varying the height to bottom diameter ratio for five different values such as 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 the chimneys are modeling. The cross-section of the chimney used is circular.

Table No: -1 Model Nomenclatures

Sr. No. Height of Chimney Meter

Diameter of chimney H/D Model Name

E-Tabs- This is civil engineering structural software, mostly used for Multi Stored/ High Rise structure. In this study we adopted response spectra method, it a non-liner analysis.

Table No: - 2 Assumed Data for RCC chimney

Sr. No. Design Member Value Unit

a. Self weight of the structure 25 KN/M3

b. Height of chimney 100 to 300 Meter

c. Diameter at Bottom 25 Meter

d. Diameter at Top 18.75 Meter

e. Thickness of shell at Bottom 0.5 Meter

f. Thickness of shell at Top 0.5 Meter

g. Grade of concrete M40 N/mm2

h. Grade of steel FE-550 N/mm2

i. Size of Columns 600 X 600 Mm2

j. Size of Beam 600 X 600 Mm2

k. Maximum flue gas temperature 150 Degree centigrade

l. Foundation Type RCC circular mat

m. Poisons ratio 0.2

n. Modulus of Elasticity 31622.78 MPA

o. Seismic Zone IV

p. Zone factor, Z 0.24

q. Response modification factor 2.5

r. Importance factor IP 1.5

s. Damping 5 %

t. Natural Time period 2.4 Sec

u. Soil Type Hard

The horizontal earthquake force shall be assumed to act alone in one lateral direction at a time. The effects due to vertical component of earthquakes are generally small and can be ignored.

The design of a chimney has the following stages:

a. Physical dimension

b. Load calculation

c. Analysis for earthquake

d. Shell design

The following loads are considered for the analysis and design of the chimney:

a. Dead loads

b. Live loads

c. Seismic loads

d. Temperature effects

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

In the present study a RCC chimney of 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, 250 m and 300 m height subjected to the earthquake loads imposed in the seismic zone IV is considered for the analysis. Single flue of structural steel is provided to discharge the flue gases. The shell rests on R.C.C. mat foundation with 25 meter Columns. The following are the details of the chimney considered. Seismic analysis is carried out by Response Spectrum analysis as per IS 1893(part 4):2005, for different heights varying from 100 m to 300 m and for constant longitudinal sections such as circular by using the software ETABS.

Fig No: - 1. Seismic effect on RCC chimney

Fig No: - 2. Design of RCC chimney with footing

Fig No: -3 Graphical representation of Joint Displacements Direction

Fig No:-4 Graphical representation of Base Reaction

Fig No: - 5 Graphical representation of Base Moment

Fig No: - 6 Graphical representation of Joints Reaction

Fig No: - 7 Graphical representation of Joints Moments

Fig No: - 8 Graphical representation of Shell Forces

Fig No: -9 Graphical representation of Joints Displacement in Z- Direction

Fig No: - 10 Graphical representation of Design Reactions of RCC Chimney

Fig No: - 11 Graphical representation of Design Moments of RCC Chimney

CONCLUSION

The result shows that as the H/D ratio increases, the deflection of chimney get increases as shown in graphs. The percentage of increment is 55 %.

Graphs demonstrate that, as the deflection of chimney decreases, the base reaction forces also decreases. As well for the same, time period gets decreases.

It was also found that the lateral deflection at top of chimney increases with the increase in height of the slender structure.

Joint Displacements in X - Direction and YDirection increasing with height so, we can say higher H/D ratio's RCC chimney has higher joint displacement. However the displacement of all Models is under "IS code" specifications.

Shell forces of 300 Meters RCC chimney is 4388.013 KN but in 100 Meter RCC chimney is 1465 KN.'

The results which are obtained from the above analysis are safe for construction as per E-Tabs structural software. Designing using Software’s like E- Tabs reduces lot of time in design work.

The base forces and base reactions having very far difference due to rise height of RCC chimney

The base force of 100 meter RCC chimney is 292700.96 KN and base force of 300 meter RCC chimney is 763622.91 KN

The base Moment of 100 meter RCC chimney is 58047.27 KN-M and base Moment of 300 meter RCC chimney is 266559.86 KN-M

The base forces and moment are very high compare to joints forces and joint moment. The joints force of 100 meter RCC chimney is 17 KN and the joints force of 300 meter RCC chimney is 45 KN, the percentage of increment is 62 %.

The joints Moment of 100 meter RCC chimney is 202.82 KN-M and joints Moment of 300 meter RCC chimney is 536.84 KN-M

REFERENCES

1.Non-Linear Seismic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Chimney, Remyasree A R, Megha Vijayan , SSRG International Journal of Civil

Engineering ( SSRG – IJCE ) – Volume 3 Issue 8 – August 2016

2.Wind and Earthquake Analysis of Tall RC Chimneys , K. R. C. Reddy , O. R. Jaiswal , P. N. Godbole, International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering , ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 04, No 06 SPL, October 2011, pp. 508-511

3.Seismic performance study on RC chimney, Rashmi M P1*, D S Sandeep Kumar, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4.Review on Seismic Behavior of R.C.C Chimney, Ratnadeep R. Fulari , Prof. S.M. Barelikar, IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 3 | Issue 10 | April 2017 ISSN (online): 2349-784X

5.Aseismic Design of tall reinforced Concrete Chimneys, John L. Wilson, ACI Structural Journal/September-October 2002, pg. 622-630

6.Analysis of self supporting steel chimney , Mr.Praveen Kumar , Dr. Ajay swarup, Vol-2 Issue-1 2016 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396

7.Assessment of Seismic Response Reduction Factor of RC Chimney According to H/D. Aniruddhasinh R. Sindha & Jignesh A. Amin, IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews [ VOLUME 6 I ISSUE 1 I JAN.– MARCH 2019] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138

8.Seismic analysis of chimney, Prof. Dr. D. N. Shinde, Pawar Rajendra E. www. inventivepublication.com, Volume III, Issue V, May2015.

9.IS 456:2000, “Indian Standard plain and reinforced concrete-Code of Practice”, Bureau of Indian Standard

10.IS: 875 (Part 2), “Indian Standard Code of Practice for design loads for building and structures, Live Loads” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

11.IS: 875 (Part 1), “Indian Standard Code of Practice for design loads for building and structures, Dead Loads” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. CM

NAMITHA CHILUVERU

Director of 360life is more into getting knowledge and making full use of those ideas in real life to make this world a better place to live. With a master's in retail & luxury management, she completed her interior design course at the New York School of Interior Design. Now working with 360life and managing verticals like a design studio, marketing, branding, etc. She promotes sustainability in every aspect. 360life along with Namitha is breaking all the monotony and building a space that takes care of customers' health with luxury and comfort.

Globally, the population of urban regions is gradually growing. As a result, there is an urgent need for the far-reaching development of local infrastructure, particularly that related to housing, food, water, and trash. This places tremendous strain on resources generally. Therefore, one of the most significant development concerns of the twenty-first century is managing urban areas. Urban living depends on the built environment. To accommodate the rising population in cities, which puts more strain on the city's resources and waste production, significant expenditures on infrastructure and continued development are required. Cities must also undertake a generous energetic renovation project. At the same time as cities are changing, new opportunities are opening up: energy renovations may provide inhabitants with several advantages, and smart material loops may enable a circular economy. Other significant facets of sustainability and urban life are also influenced by the design and material of buildings which impact things like fire resilience, thermal comfort, and acoustic performance. Through the development of sustainable cities, buildings can contribute to the solution of the problems of today and tomorrow, within their borders having the authority to take action and effect change in their own city.

Reducing the amount of energy required in buildings to maintain a pleasant internal temperature throughout the entire year is a crucial component of sustainable building design. Heating, cooling, hot water, and lighting typically account for 80% of the energy required in the building sector; the other 20% is produced by construction materials,

transportation, and demolition. So, while a low-energy design is necessary, it's also critical to design more thoroughly and take into account how the structure and its materials may be recycled and reused at the end of their useful lives. A building can become a "material bank" for the future with the appropriate design.

Reducing the amount of energy required in buildings to maintain a pleasant internal temperature throughout the entire year is a crucial component of sustainable building design. Heating, cooling, hot water, and lighting typically account for 80% of the energy required in the building sector; the other 20% is produced by construction materials, transportation, and demolition. So, while a low-energy design is necessary, it's also critical to design more thoroughly and take into account how the structure and its materials may be recycled and reused at the end of their useful lives. A building can become a "material bank" for the future with the appropriate design.

Here's how buildings can help cities become more resilient:

1. Health & Wellness: Because rudiments like global warming and excessive pollution levels contribute to a significant portion of the illnesses that citizens experience, all of the design ideas, should be based on the idea of a green building that promotes a healthier society.

2. Environmentally friendly: All the designs should be future-ready and function on renewable resources for building, ensuring waste efficiency, recycling, etc. This helps to conserve a lot of resources like water and

power. Consequently, ensuring that the building's carbon footprint is reduced.

3. Improve both indoor and outdoor living conditions: Intelligent and environmentally friendly structures that can adjust to the unique needs of their residents have a favourable effect on their physical and mental well-being. Better indoor environmental conditions and less noise help residents to be more productive, make better decisions, respond to emergencies, and feel less depressed. Additionally enhancing ease and accessibility, smart building designs encourage inclusivity and raise the quality of life.

4. Building designs that ensure a way forward to sustainable living: Every building starts at a different point on the sustainability journey –this creates unique sets of efficiency challenges and opportunities. Sustainable building ideas aid in the creation of a microclimate and the filtering of dust particles found in urban environments. They help in the creation of humidity, absorb CO2 and dust, create oxygen, and protect people and their homes from damaging UV rays and sound pollution. The residences are outfitted with cutting-edge air management equipment that ensures a sufficient and regular supply of fresh, rejuvenating air throughout the building. With the help of innovative air quality monitoring systems, stale air is automatically removed and fresh air is supplied.

With India welcoming many such

sustainable building design ideas, it is a big step forward toward sustainable living in urban spaces. With rising levels of air pollution, such designs for sustainable buildings are the way of the future. One such organization, 360Life Design studio believes that building spaces should be put at the heart of future-ready design due to technological advancements, a more mobile workforce, and unpredictable economic development, which are restructuring the corporate environment and changing the occupier attitude toward real estate decisions. Their design ideas include the fundamentals, such as offering natural light and high-quality air, as well as including biophilic features to connect building inhabitants with the natural environment, ensuring that workers are mentally well.

They promote energy efficiency by utilizing low-carbon technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as air curtains, rainwater capturing systems, and green roofs, as well as simple design solutions like vertical circulation in place of sloped floors or impermeable surfaces like concrete pavers.

360Life Design Studio International knows where its focus should be: on the principles of a resilient built environment, which are based on four core values: local material usage, diversity in systems, smart energy use, and low carbon footprint. They are experts on sustainability as well as urban professionals.

Hence, to be resilient, cities need to promote more of such building design ideas that also contribute to building future-proof communities.

REAL ESTATE

Recent Developments in Real Estate Sector

India house price index (HPI) rose by 3.5 per cent year-on-year in the fisrt quarter of 2022-23, according to Reserve bank of India. The growth in the HIPP was 1.8 per cent during January-March and 2 per cent in the April-June quarter of 2021-2022.

The RBI said the year-on-year movements in HPI varied widely across the cities-ranging from a growth of 16 per cent in Kolkata to a contraction of 4 per cent in Bengaluru.

On a sequential basis, all India HPI increased by 2.2 per cent in the first quarter of 2022-23. Delhi, Kolkata and Jaipur recorded sequential contraction in the index while it has risen for the remaining cities. The central bank releases its quartely house index (HPI) based on transaction-level data received from the housing registration authorities in 10 major cities.

According to the recent Anarock research data, quarterly home sales in the top seven cities of India were recorded at 99,550 units in Q1 2022, representing a 71% year-on-year increase from the approximately 58,290 units sold in

the first quarter of 2021. NCR and MMR, the two dominant realty hotspots, registered over 48% of total sales in the top seven cities with NCR witnessing an yearly increase of 114%.

Many factors are influencing the real estate market in the wake of the debacle sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, historically-low home loan interest rates are encouraging real estate developers to offer a wide array of choices at an attractive price. Additionally, government-backed subsidy programs are also fuelling homebuyers’ enthusiasm.

According to the price index Residex by National Real Estate Development Council , housing prices rose in 42 cities in the fisrt quarter of 2022-2023, while the rates of residential units fell in five cities and remained stable in three cities.

All the eight major metros recorded an increase in teh index on an annual basis-

• Ahmedabad (13.5 per cent)

• Bengaluru (3.4 per cent)

• Chennai (12.5 per cent)

• Delhi (7.5 per cent)

• Hyderabad (11.5 per cent)

• Kolkata (6.1 per cent)

• Mumbai (2.9 per cent)

• Pune (3.6 per cent)

On a sequential basis, the 50-city index registered an expansion of 1.7 per cent in april-June 2022 against 2.6 per cent in the previous quarter, it said, adding the index is showing an increasing trend on a quarter-onquarter basis since June 21.

The housing Price Index (HPI) tracks the movement in prices of residential properties in select 50 cities on a quarterly basis with FY 2017-18 as the base year.

Real Estate is one of the India's most powerful economic foundations. The rapid urbanisation, altering consumer behaviour, regulatory reforms, and the influence of COVID-19 are all fueiling this pillar's evolution right now. After being castigated by the pandemic, the real estate industry has begun to recover. The

year 2021 marked a turning point in India's residential real estate sector. The strong home market momentum is predicted to continue in 2022 with sales likely to reach pre-COVID levels.

The market is propelled forward by the implementation of initiativies that generate demand and encourage people to purchase real estate. The highest demand among buyers in the residential category has been for readyto-move-in apartments.

The demand for the residential real estate in India's top cities has risen in tandem with the COVID-19 induced pandemic as the pandemic and successive lockdowns have caused a strong desire among people to own a house. Additionally, the pandemic has served as a reminder that one's home is the safest place to be during difficult times.

The real estate business in India's undergoing a technological transformation. Several cutting-edge strategies and solutions are being implemented throughout the industry. As a result of these new developments, the market's growth trajectory has increased. CM

REAL ESTATE

The real estate sector has come a long way since the onset of the pandemic. The Indian economic recovery remained resilient despite global headwinds and is reflected in the positive macroeconomic indicators. Leasing activity across all sectors and segments has witnessed an uptick in the past 6 months, and we expect this growth to continue into 2022.

We expect the India market for alternate segments such as DCs, life sciences, etc., to mature further, enabling investors to diversify their portfolios and provide more investment opportunities. For instance, the focus on ESG is expected to accentuate across all sectors, even as tech such as AI and AR / VR finds more takers in the sector.

As the economic recovery continues to gain momentum, we also expect the increase in leasing activity to bring a new focus on largesized and high-quality buildings by developers to differentiate their assets and attract occupiers. We also expect large institutional players to continue with greenfield investments via JVs / partnerships/platforms or brownfield investments via REITs, which would boost the upcoming supply in the coming years.

Office: Record leasing activity drives the sector, positive leasing momentum to gain further strength.

• Supply addition recorded at 26.1 mn sq. ft. in H1 2022, up by 26% Y-o-Y; leasing activity reached 29.5 mn sq. ft. during the period, a rise of 157% Y-o-Y

• Supply addition of 16.7 mn sq. ft. seen in Q2 2022, up by around 78% Q-o-Q and

MR. RAM CHANDNANI Managing Director Advisory & Transactions Services CBRE - India

64% Y-o-Y; leasing activity was recorded at 18.2 mn sq. ft., a rise of 220% Y-o-Y and 61% Q-o-Q

• Small- to medium-sized deals (up to 50,000 sq. ft.) dominated space take-up with a share of almost 84% in Q2 2022.

• Bangalore, Delhi-NCR and Hyderabad dominated space take-up, with a combined share of 67% in Q2 2022

• Hyderabad, Delhi-NCR and Bangalore together accounted for 76% of the supply addition in Q2 2022

Outlook:

• Leasing to pick up momentum going forward; space take-up would be attributable to the release of pent-up demand and expansion & consolidation requirements of occupiers.

• As the recovery momentum remains upbeat, differentiated and high-quality institutional supply in core markets would continue to draw flight-to-quality absorption.

• Flexible work patterns have increased in prevalence, but several occupiers are yet to formally define hybrid working and formulate relevant policies and guidelines. This is likely to take place over the next few quarters.

• Large institutional players to continue with greenfield investments via JVs / partnerships / platforms or brownfield investments via REITs, which would boost upcoming supply in the coming years.

• Greater emphasis on flexible seating arrangements observed as the office becomes a centre for collaboration; buildings that are ‘futureproofed’ via a combination of leading-edge physical, human and digital elements likely to witness higher demand.

Industrial & Logistics: Resilient sector poised for sustained growth.

• I&L leasing activity in Q2 2022 reached 6.1 million sq. ft.

• 3.6 million sq. ft. of supply addition witnessed in Q2 2022

• With a share of ~57%, medium- to largesized deals (more than 50,000 sq. ft.) dominated leasing activity.

• Bangalore led absorption with a 25% share, followed by Chennai (21%), Mumbai (15%) and Delhi-NCR (15%)

• From a sectoral perspective, 3PL players (58%) and engineering & manufacturing (14%) firms were the key drivers of demand.

• Rental growth witnessed in Hyderabad, Bangalore, Pune and Mumbai.

Outlook:

• Space take-up likely to remain range bound at about 28-32 million sq. ft., led by the continued expansion of 3PL players.

• Focus on operational efficiencies could lead to growth in ‘flight-to-quality’ leasing; development completions by organised players to increase in line with the demand.

• Increased focus on upgradation / expansion opportunities in tier I cities; new market penetration in lower tier cities and extension of local distribution networks in emerging logistics hubs to drive leasing

• Warehousing facilities with features such as high ceilings to accommodate automated stacking systems, sufficient loading / unloading zones and power back-up provisions likely to gain more traction.

• Capital flows to continue from both global

and local players, with both greenfield and brownfield acquisitions remaining attractive.

Retail: Sector back on growth trajectory

• Retail leasing activity touched ~1 million sq. ft. in Q2 2022, up by nearly 363% Y-o-Y and about 118% Q-o-Q.

• Leasing activity in H1 2022 was up by about 167% Y-o-Y

• Supply addition in H1 2022 touched 0.81 million sq. ft., up by about 523% Y-o-Y

• Fashion & apparel players drove the leasing activity with a 28% share, followed by homeware and department stores and entertainment centres (14% each)

• Delhi-NCR led absorption with a 25% share, followed by Hyderabad (20%), Bangalore (17%) and Chennai (13%)

Outlook:

• Despite an uptick in online shopping, brick-and-mortar retail is here to stay – a mix of both is becoming prevalent across brands.

• Retailers are likely to continue to focus on the three Rs - resizing, rightsizing and relocating - in order to ensure long-term growth and broaden their customer base.

• Retailers are expected to continue to reinvent their marketing strategies such as adding a touch of 'experience' to their physical stores and think of innovative ways to engage with customers.

• Technology would become a key enabler; virtual fitting rooms, fit scanners, smart mirrors, iBeacon, visualization tools, etc. are likely to provide a seamless experience to the consumers.

Others:

o Customers’ expectations of a shopping experience at malls or individual stores have evolved. While brick-and-mortar retail will remain key going forward, store design and location strategy are likely to evolve in response to consumers’ changing expectations

◊ Brands and retailers alike are rethinking their business strategies:

REAL ESTATE

not only to meet the evolving customer demand but also to increase profitability.

o From a luxury retail perspective, it is the right time for designers to capitalize on the brand value they have created.

◊ Brand consolidation is one such step taken to boost reach and marketability. In most cases, ace designers will continue to function independently of the larger conglomerate, but they can now scale up at a much faster pace, thanks to stronger financial backing.

◊ On their part, larger conglomerates have not just gained a brand name, but the talent for growth. In fact, such brands, in the future, can cater to the larger luxury clientele globally.

Residential: After scaling another sales peak in Q2 2022, sector poised for a strong 2022

• Housing sales jumped 121% Y-o-Y to about 76,000 units in Q2 2022, recording 9% Q-o-Q growth.

• Number of units sold touched 146,000 in H1 2022; up by 72% Y-o-Y and 30% on a half-yearly basis

• ~76,500 units launched Q2 2022; up by 117% Y-o-Y and 26% Q-o-Q

• ~137,000 units launched in H1 2022, up by 66% Y-o-Y and 16% on a half-yearly basis

• Pune, Mumbai, and Delhi-NCR dominated sales in Q2 2022, with a cumulative share of more than 63%.

• The mid-end and affordable / budget segments cumulatively drove 76% of the sales in Q2 2022

Outlook:

• Residential real estate poised for a strong year in 2022, with both supply and new launches expected to post a robust performance; uptick in new launches expected especially in Pune, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, and Delhi-NCR.

• Asset prices are likely to witness an uptick on account of strong momentum in sales as well as developers’ decision to pass on the rising input and labor costs to buyers.

• High-end, and premium segments are anticipated to gain traction, fueled by the anticipated appreciation in capital values and increased activity by HNIs and NRIs.

• Robust sales led to a fall in unsold inventory across most cities on a Y-o-Y basis despite steady new launches, inflationary trends and monetary tightening measures. We expect this trend to sustain in the near term.

RE Investments: Sector in growth mode after posting strong performance.

• USD 2.0 billion Capital inflows in Q2 2022, up by 47% Q-o-Q and 9% Y-o-Y

• USD 3.4billion Capital inflows in H1 2022, up by 42% on a half-yearly basis and 4% Y-o-Y

• Office sector (57%) dominated investments; followed by land / development sites (30%) and retail sector (10%) in Q2 2022

• Delhi-NCR, Chennai and Mumbai contributed ~90% of cumulative share of in the total investment quantum in Q2 2022

• Institutional Investors led investment activity with a share of nearly 65%, followed by developers (31%) during Q2 2022

◊ Institutional investors have primarily infused equity in brownfield assets, whereas developers continued to make greenfield investments

• 67% was the share of foreign investors in the total investment volume in Q2 2022. Among them, Canada single-handedly garnered a 59% share, followed by the US (6%)

• ~70% was the share of the capital inflows that were deployed for pure investment / acquisition purposes during Q2 2022; the remaining 30% was committed to development / greenfield projects

Outlook:

• Interest in PropTech firms and RE ancillary companies anticipated to increase amidst boom in the residential sector and revival in other sectors.

• Alternate Investment Funds (AIFs) will remain a major lending source to the commercial real estate sector as NBFCs

also plan to set up AIFs to cater to funding requirements.

• Investments into REITs expected to increase owing to portfolio expansion and launch of new REITs across office, I&L and retail assets.

• An upward trajectory is anticipated in the financing cost amidst the monetary tightening measures undertaken by central banks worldwide to tame inflation; margins could see some pressure.

MR. RISHI JAIN Managing Director Jain Group

What are the emerging trends in real estate in 2022?

The market is stabilizing. Affordable housing segment’s growth has been seen in the range of 8%-12%. Mid-scale housing growth has been seen at 15% larger. The 3 Bhk flats are seen as the maximum uptake.

Restructuring of India's Secondary Real Estate Market.

Everybody is looking to upgrade their lifestyle. The number of hours a person is staying at home is still higher than in 2019. Hence, the requirement for quality housing spaces

is increasing. It is a good time to look for properties to buy as there is no fear of EMI's rising sharply.

How is the Indian real estate market climbing out of the COVID hole?

For the past 3 quarters, there has been a steady rise in the real estate industry. Larger homes are taking preference over compact homes. The sector will have to overcome costing challenges. However as logistics stabilize, the costing challenges would also stabilize.

REAL ESTATE

What are the emerging trends in Real Estate 2022?

The real estate market is stabilizing and we have seen a steady growth. Our prime focus is the development of housing segment alongwith township development in Tier 2 cities, that has seen an increase in demand. People have understood the importance of owning a home post the lockdown debacle, and hence, demand is on the increase.

Re-structure of the Secondary Real Estate Market in India.

The real estate market in India has been typically an informal market characterized by

MR. ABHISHEK BHARDWAJ Chief Marketing Officer Shristi Infrastructure

informational asymmetry and other bottlenecks that have hindered the formation of a formal market for the real estate. It is a good time to look for properties to buy as there is no fear of EMIs rising sharply.

How is the Indian real estate market climbing out of the Covid hole? Slowly, we are getting back to normal. When the pandemic hit, the Real estate market was affected negatively. Now we can see a steady rise in the sales and a demand for larger and spacious homes. Raw material prices have increased which is having an effect on the price of the end product.

“The residential real estate sector clearly shows signs of exponential improvement in 2022. The demand for larger apartments in gated communities with a variety of built-in

amenities and lower mortgage interest rates has surely increased market momentum. The culture of working remotely is one of the critical indicators fuelling this rise in demand.

MR. AMAR SARIN CEO & MD TARC

Young professionals want more space with a touch of sophistication and all the convenience perks they can get in order to maintain a lifestyle to which many of them have grown accustomed. The pandemic has also taught us the importance of community living and the significance of safety and tranquilly.

The comfort and certainty that the RERA offers, which has also enhanced NRI investments, has been a major contributing factor to the expansion of the real estate market. Online house sales and purchases have also surged in popularity over the past several years, which has compelled the real estate industry to be adaptable and quick to embrace new technologies. Institutional real estate investments in India totalled $2.6 billion in the first half of 2022, an increase of 14% over the same time in 2021. The revival of Indian real estate after the setbacks brought on by Covid-19

gives investors hope and encouragement. The second wave of COVID-19 had a modest impact on the luxury real estate market but it quickly recovered. It is not simply the luxury property itself that is motivating people to upgrade to luxury residences, but also the lifestyle. The expansion of our luxury residential segment in New Delhi is our current priority at TARC. As far as the secondary market is concerned, it is a highly segmented institution. Its primary job is to facilitate price discovery for similar assets, however there is no scientific technique for markets to calculate pricing due to product differentiation, low levels of transparency, and many hidden costs. This somewhat prevents the discovery of the price. Therefore, it is essential to consider the secondary market and the substantial role that it may play in boosting the sector as a whole.”

"We have done an extensive survey across North India in the last six months and have found that there is a huge potential and demand for good quality TMT bars. We want to give our dealers the same quality of TMT bars that are used in the big infrastructure projects, and our team is conducting awareness drives for the dealers across North India to make them aware of the need to use good quality TMT products. Shyam Steel Apna Ghar app will also be an added advantage for us to actively engage with our target audience and business partners, "added Mr. Beriwala. The group has four state-of-the-art integrated steel plants located in Durgapur, Mejia, Bamunara, and Howrah. Shyam Steel has emerged as a steel giant with its presence firmly placed in the infrastructure segments including Indian Railways, Defense, Ports, Roads & Highways, Airports, Energy and other key areas of national importance. With its

plants located in the State of West Bengal, Shyam Steel caters to the needs of a vast multitude of clients across the country and beyond. Having a highly satisfied customer base and pan India Sales & Marketing network with an extremely professional team and dynamic logistics support system, Shyam Steel has witnessed stellar financial performance with faster growth even during the critical phase of the steel industry. The brand is associated with Virat Kohli and Anushka Sharma as the face of the company in addition to having Sonu Sood as its Build India Brand Ambassadors. Olympic medallists Lovlina Borgohain and Manpreet Singh was also featured in the recent campaigns undertaken by the brand. The company has also recently launched the Shyam Steel Apna Ghar app to provide consumers with hassle-free purchase of TMT bars and to boost the sales of their dealer distributor network. CM

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