Electrical Mirror May Issue Magazine 2018 by Icon Media Group

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EDITOR’S DESK Dear Reader! Editor

Alka Puri

Sub Editor

Ambika Gagar

Associate Editor N.P.K. Reddy

Editorial Advisor

Priyanka Roy Chaudhary

Design & Production

Sr. Designer - Mukesh Kumar Sah

National Business Head-India

Subhash Chandra Email: s.chandra@electricalmirror.net

Manager West & South India

Pradeep Kumar Email: pradeep.k@electricalmirror.net

Sales & Marketing Neha Rajesh Kumar Hemant Chauhan Ms. Manju Suyog Yadav

Manager-Subscription

Praveen Chauhan Email: subscribe@electricalmirror.net Call: 011-6510 4350/ 011-2275 8660 All rights reserved by all events are made to ensure that the information published is correct; Electrical Mirror holds no responsibility any unlikely errors that might occur. Printed, published and owned by Usha, Published from 13/455, Block No. 13, Trilok Puri, Delhi-110091 and printed at Bright Tree, C-40, Gate No.-4, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020. e-mail: brighttreesolutions@gmail.com Editor : Alka Puri

The cable industry is comprises of different types of local and international players. Wire and cable market offer products at a comparative cost from such an established manufacture from the global manufacturer in wire and cable industry. The innovative product offerings, cable and wire manufacturers are also following strategies such as mergers and acquisitions to acquire new technologies and expand their customer reach Though the daily average electricity demand throughout the State this April has reached 15,100 MW, against an average of only 14,600 MW during the past 2 years, officials are convinced they will be able to meet demand to the extent of 15,500 MW, this summer, thanks to the supply position. A severe dearth in energy supply has been, & continues to be, a major constraint for the region’s economic growth, even though the region boasts of a combined installed electricity generation capacity of 360GW. The South Asian region is also blessed with very high RE potential. The demand-supply dynamics of the Indian electricity market have undergone many changes in the last couple of years. It has also been observe that the transformer industry has more than double its capacity in last 5 years. Let’s go through its dynamic changes in our story on transformers. Please give us your feedback at editor@electricalmirror.net For more details check out our website: www.electricalmirror.net and you can also visit our facebook page www.facebook.in/electricalmirror.

Editor

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INTERVIEW

Cover Story I

Indian Wires & Cables Sector: Gaining the Insight and Unlocking the Transformational Value

Cover Story II || Abhivandan Lodha || || Director || || Chandresh Cables Ltd. ||

Guest Article Finder 80 Microlease 82 Testo 84

Case Study of the Month

Application Story Flir 90 Product Info Kyoritsu 92 Harting 92 Finder 93 K-Lite 93 Meco 24 Epcos 94 Kusam Electrical 95

Tenders Projects

96 97

Advertisement Index 98 Event Diary 100

Inside Transformers: Stamping, Lamination and the CRGO Bottlenecks

VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION Contdâ&#x20AC;¦.

Industry Focus

Black out Incident During 2012: A Game Changer for Modern India Electrical Energy Sector

Special Focus

Surging Demand for Uninterrupted Power Supply: Future of Indian Power Backup Segment

Industry Feature

PF Review: Technical & Economic Advantages of Power Factor Correction

Special Theme

LED Inside: Consistent Favorable Policy by Government is the Major Factor for Rapid Development of the Industry in India

Special Feature:

RenewSmart: Indian Renewable Energy Sector and the Smart Cities Project

ews of the Month

India to Attract Rs 11.5 Lakh Cr. Investment in Power Generation B/W 2017-22: Cea the year-wise phasing of expenditure. According to CEA’s estimate, for the total Rs 11,55,652 Cr. investment, developers will have to infuse equity to the tune of Rs 2,98,435 Cr. & arrange for a total debt of RS 8,57, 216 Cr.. The sources, available to the developers for debt funding include scheduled commercial banks, financial institutions like PFC, REC, LIC, Bonds, foreign currency loan from World Bank, ADB, KfW, EXIM Bank & also from foreign equipment manufacturers. It is also expected that funds including foreign funds from Pvt Players would also be invested through InvIT. The Subordinate Debt or grant from the govt. may also be available to some projects to be developed by PSU or States, CEA said. Govt. also estimates that an investment of around Rs 9,56,214 Cr. will go into setting up the targeted 1,65,220 Mw generation capacity b/w 2022 & 2027. This consists of 46,420 MW of thermal projects, 12,000 MW of hydro projects, 6,800 MW of nuclear projects & 1,00,000 MW of RE projects. Fund requirement for Generation projects (Mode-wise) during 2017-2022 (₹Crores)

India is likely to attract a massive investment of Rs 11,55,652 Cr. in power generation sector in the 5 year period b/w 2017-22 in setting up projects across thermal, hydro, nuclear & renewables segment. A total capacity addition of 58,384 MW from conventional sources has been envisaged for the period 2017-2022, consisting of 47,855 MW of coal-based power stations, 406 MW of gas-based power stations, 6,823 MW of hydropower stations & 3,300 MW of nuclear stations, CEA, said in its National Electricity Plan report. The total fund requirement of Rs 11,55,652 Cr. for 2017-22 includes Rs 8,52,804 Cr. investment in projects likely to be commissioned during this period & Rs 3,02,848 Cr. expenditure needed with respect to advance action for projects likely to be commissioned in the next 5 year period (2022-27). Of the Rs 8,52,804 Cr. to be spent through 2022, Rs 1,42,566 Cr. would be needed for central sector projects, Rs 92,889 Cr. for state sector projects & Rs 6,17,349 Cr. for Pvt. sector projects. In this estimation, it is assumed that all the renewable projects will be implemented by Pvt. Developers, the CEA said. In order to assess the fund requirement for generation projects, CEA considered

EG, First District with Full LED Street Lighting

East Godavari in Andhra Pradesh has become the first district in the country to be fully equipped with LED street lights. AP CM made a formal declaration in this regard on the occasion of Panchayat Raj Divas at Dwarapudi in East Godavari this afternoon. Around 3.1 lakh LED street lights have been installed in the district that would result in saving of 34 mn units of power annually, Naidu said. He wanted the Panchayat Raj Department to complete installation of over 28 lakh LED Street lights in the remaining 12 districts as well that could lead to a 12 || MAY 2018 ||

saving of 333 mn units of power annually & also ease the financial burden on the rural local bodies. AP Panchayat Raj & Rural Development Minister said, of the total 50 lakh LED street lights installed in the country, the state accounted for 11.61 lakh. As the ‘Run Rate Mechanism’ adopted by his dept. for implementation of LED street lighting program yielded good results in East Godavari, it was being adopted in other districts also. The state occupies a premier position in implementation of energy efficiency programmes.

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2017-18

76,781

15,622

9,479

1,19,931

2,21,813

2018-19

73,376

19,465

9,728

1,38,218

2,40,787

2019-20

52,915

23,461

8,088

1,43,422

2,27,885

2020-21

55,846

26,431

11,912

1,44,218

2,38,406

2021-22

63,991

29,546

16,127

1,17,096

2,26,761

TotTal

3,22,908

1,14,524

55,334

6,62,885

11,55,652

Total fund requirement for Generation projects during 2017-2022 (₹Crores) 2017-18

2018-19

2019-20

2020-21

2021-22

Total

For projects likely to be commissioned during 2017-22

2,19,509

2,22,030

1,92,582

1,71,208

47,475

8,52,804

Advance action for projects likely to be commissioned during 2022-27

2,304

18,757

35,303

67,198

1,79,286

3,02,848

Total

2,21,813

2,40,787

2,27,885

2,38,406

2,26,761

11,55,652

LED Lights on all Gurugram Roads by May-end

The installation of LED streetlights has finally begun in the city with ward numbers one & 35 after a delay of over two months. The whole city will be covered under the project within next two months, said MCG officials. The project is being implemented by state-owned Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL). ESSL signed a deal with MCG to install over 48,000 LED streetlights under the national street lighting programme in October 2017. The project was to be completed by

February 2018. “In the first leg, ward numbers one & 35 have been chosen. The second leg would cover ward numbers two & 34. This will continue till the whole city is covered,” said MCG commissioner Yashpal Yadav. At present, all main roads have sodium streetlights & other roads have CFL, T5 & mercury lights. The project will help the city save 13 mn units of power per year & MCG is expecting a 45-55% saving on power bills too.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

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|| MAY 2018 || 13

ews of the Month

SECI Invites Bids for 2000MW Hybrid Projects

Solar Corporation of India (SECI) is set to launch its second hybrid tender – for projects combining wind and solar energy – in May. It has issued an advertisement alerting developers that it will be inviting sealed bids for “1000 MW of wind power projects in existing solar power projects” as well as “1000 MW of solar power projects in shadow free areas of wind power projects”, the details of which will be available on a particular website from May 14. This is much larger than the first tender for 160 MW issued by SECI in January this year, which envisaged

setting up a Greenfield hybrid project in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. The results of this bid, which also included a small storage component, has yet to be announced. Hybrid power projects have several advantages over standalone ones, especially saving on land and transmission cost. Solar projects in particular need large swathes of land with a single megawatt of capacity requiring five to seven acres – so if some solar modules can be installed in the spaces between wind turbines, the saving on land costs can be considerable. So too, for the developer, a hybrid project needs installing and maintaining one transmission line instead of two had the solar and wind projects been separate. This reduces costs, and also leads to greater continuity of power supply – since both solar and wind power are ‘infirm’ sources of energy, varying according to the intensity of radiation or the speed of the wind blowing. This in turn improves the plant load factor

for the entire project. SECI is hopeful that the saving of costs and increased efficiency of hybrid projects will in turn lead to lowered tariffs. Both solar and wind tariffs fell steeply in the last three years, with solar touching a record Rs 2.44 per unit at an auction held in May 2017, and wind dropping to Rs 2.43 per unit at an auction in last December. Since then, however, both tariffs have been rising in subsequent auctions. Only one commercial hybrid project has been commissioned so far, though there have been a few other pilot ones. In mid-April, Hero Future Energies added a 28.8 MW solar plant to its existing 50 MW wind plant in Raichur, Karnataka. This is mainly because no government guidelines relating to tariff and more on hybrid projects have yet been issued so far, and state discoms consequently are not able to buy power from such projects. The Hero project is a group captive one, supplying power to private buyers at a privately decided tariff. Draft guidelines related to hybrid projects were indeed circulated by the ministry of new and renewable energy (MNRE) in September 2016, but no final ones have been issued.

Thriveni Earthmovers Leads Race for Lanco Infratech Iron ore mine developer- cumoperator Thriveni Earthmovers has emerged as the highest bidder for debt-laden Lanco Infratech, people familiar with the development said. With a debt of about Rs 45,000 crore, Lanco Infratech is one of the 12 stressed accounts identified by the Reserve Bank of India for resolution under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code.

The committee of creditors (CoC) led by the ICICI Bank decided that Tamil Nadu-based Thriveni Earthmovers was the top bidder and have asked the company to submit a “revised addendum” to its resolution plan. The CoC has rejected all the other bids for offering close to the liquidation value of the company it is learnt. Most of the bids submitted for Lanco were for specific assets and few offering a consolidated plan for the entire company. The committee will conduct a vote for the resolution plan of Thriveni over the next two days. If the plan fails to get up to 75% votes then the company could go for liquidation, a person familiar with the matter said. Thriveni, it is learnt, has provided

a comprehensive bid for all the assets of Lanco. Other bidders included US asset management company Ingen Capital, US energy firm Penn Energy, DivyaSree Developers from Bengaluru, Solarland China, Cube Highways backed by I-Squared, and Kalyani Developers, Bengaluru. Lenders had been unwilling to accept offers that were close to liquidation value since it could lead to investigations and scrutiny. ICICI Bank, with an exposure of Rs 7,380 core, is the leading lender to Lanco, followed by IDBI Bank with claims of Rs 3,608 crore. Lanco Infratech was referred to NCLT in August 2017.

Sanjay Banga Appoints as New CEO Tata Power Delhi Distribution announced the appointment of Sanjay Banga as the company’s new chief executive officer. Banga will take over from Praveer Sinha who has been elevated to the position of chief executive officer and managing director of Tata Power from May 1, 2018 Banga has been with Tata Power-DDL since July 2003 and was part of the founding team. He has been serving as the 14 || MAY 2018 ||

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Vice President - Power Management, Contracts and Business Development. He brings with him over three decades of experience in the power sector and worked on designing, project engineering, operations and commissioning of super thermal power projects, an official statement said. He has also extensively worked towards technology integration in the distribution space for ushering in sectoral reforms. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

||www.electricalmirror.net||

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|| MAY 2018 || 15

eport

Central Electricity Authority (CEA) & International Copper Association India (ICAI) organized ‘4thNational Workshop on Electrical Safety’

The workshop aimed to enhance Electrical Safety environment in India, and heighten effective implementation of National Regulations, Codes & Standards Electricity is a familiar and essential part of everyday life, but negligence can kill or severely injure people and cause damage to property. Raising awareness about electrical hazards is key to reducing electrical ﬁres, injuries, death and property loss. Chief Electrical Inspectorate Division of Central Electricity Authority along with International Copper Association India (ICAI) has been jointly conducting the Workshop on Electrical Safety for the past three years. This workshop is the fourth workshop in the series, which discussed the new safety challenges due to upgradation of technology and the mitigation measures that could be taken for • Electrical Safety in high-rise building • Fire prevention of transformers • Safety requirements for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure The development and application of new technologies in electrical engineering pose many challenges for the application of safety rules. These could be due to new working practices, management techniques, equipment, and increased interaction between complex systems. ICA India along with the Electrical Inspectorate Division of CEA aims to reduce the number of electrical accidents by enforcing rules, providing advice on good working practices, and developing guidance in response to technical changes in equipment and working methods. Sensitizing all stakeholders about presents challenges and use of best technology and technical practices available across the globe would lay the foundation for 'Zero Tolerance' towards Electrical Accidents and thereby ensuring accomplishment of the goal of accident-free electrical Industry. The workshop highlighted information and knowledge on international experience,standards, various

electrical practices, availability of new technologies to reduce risks. Through the day, many stalwarts from both public and private sector put up their views on electrical safety and the need to improve upon it. Elaborating on the subject Mr. Sanjeev Ranjan, Managing Director, International Copper Association India (ICA India) said, “Awareness of electrical hazards is crucial in reducing the staggering number of electrical fires, injuries, and deaths that occur every year. By understanding basic electrical safety principles and adhering to safe practices, many electrocutions and home fires can be prevented.” He added, “We at ICA India strive to empower people with knowledge to overcome in tackling electricity hazards.” “The workshop is an excellent example of cooperation betweenthe Government and the private sector in sensitizing stakeholders working in government, public and private sector entities on safer processes to handle electricity and electrical equipment. The aim of the workshop is to build general awareness among the larger public regarding electrical safety measures that should be adopted to minimize accidents from unsafe electrical practices,” Goutam Roy, Chief Electrical Inspector, Central Electricity Authority At the inauguration of the event, the Chief Guest, Mr. RK Verma, Chairperson, Central Electricity Authority (CEA) highlighted the need for updating the standards and regulations as per the need of the industry and the common people.Among the dignitaries present at the inaugural session were Mr. Sanjeev Ranjan, Managing Director , ICA-India, Shri. Goutam Roy, Chief Electrical Inspector to Govt. of India, Shri. D K Shami, Fire Adviser, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India & P S Mhaske, Member (Power System), CEA. The workshop and panel discussions saw about 150 delegates participate from across industrial sectors.

Participants came together to share experiences and interact with international counterparts. They were able to learn about best practices and the need for regular and timely maintenance and safety inspections. Thus, the workshop provided a platform to discuss the key issues related to electrical safety in the country. It also helped in provisioning for standards and regulations of electrical infrastructure in India.

About ICA India:

The International Copper Association India (ICA India) is a member of Copper Alliance and the Indian arm of the International Copper Association Limited (ICA), the leading not for profit organization for the promotion of copper worldwide set up in 1959. ICA India was formed in 1998 to actively associate with the growing number of copper users in India. The objective is to “Defend and grow markets for copper based on its superior technical performance and its contribution to a higher quality of life worldwide”. ICA India conducts various programs in the interest of Electrical Safety, Energy Efficiency and Sustainability.

About Central Electricity Authority (CEA)

Central Electricity Authority (CEA) is a statutory organization originally constituted under Section 3(1) of the repealed Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948, since substituted by Section 70 of the Electricity Act, 2003. It was established as a part-time body in 1951 and made a full-time body in 1975. The functions and duties of CEA are delineated under Section 73 of the Electricity Act, 2003. The Chief Electrical Division of CEA under section 53 and 177 of the Electricity Act has been given the responsibility to prepare regulation on the safety and electrical supply. CEI division is also responsible to suggest the Government on the amendments required in the regulation from time to time.

Philips Introduces T Bulb in India

Philips Lighting announced the launch of first-ofits-kind LED bulb in India known as T Bulb. The bulb is meant for home lighting segment & comes with a price tag of Rs 299. The device is available in 10W (1000 Lumens) & 8W (800 Lumens) variants 16 || MAY 2018 ||

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in the country. The major highlight of the bulb is the new ‘T’ shape, which the company claims can provide wider light spread as compared to regular LED bulb. It is a well-known fact that a single LED bulb is not enough to brighten up a room as compared to a tube light. So, in order to fill this gap, the company has introduced this plug-and-play Philips T Bulb. The installation is pretty simple as it can be installed in an existing LED bulb socket & it comes with sleek design & modular angular neck with swivel function. Commenting on the launch, Rothin Bhattacharyya,

Chief Marketing officer, Philips Lighting India said “As the global market leader in lighting, Philips Lighting has always been at the forefront of product innovation. We have been present in the Indian market for over 80 years & have an in-depth understanding of the Indian consumer & their lighting requirements. With the new Philips T Bulb, we have redefined the bulb format that we all unquestioningly take for granted. We are confident that consumers will appreciate the wider light spread & ease of installation of the new Philips T Bulb”. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

INDIAN PARTNER OF

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| MAY 2018 || 17

eport

‘National Workshop on Electrical Safety’

|| Sanjeev Ranjan || || M.D ||

|| ICA India ||

lectricity has become an integral as well as most essential part of human life and its safety needs complete attention in every aspect as it touches all sphere of our day to day life. The ever-increasing need of enhanced productivity, increasing access, efficiency and comfort/convenience has made its usage intense in terms of quality/quantity/ form and most importantly its SAFE USAGE. Though Government of India has accorded high importance to electrical safety, but unfortunately poor practices, improper or weak installations, undersized and inferior quality of wires in the buildings have resulted in an increasing number of electrical accidents every year. It has been found that electrical faults accounted to nearly 56% of Fire incidents, which was due to short circuit, leading to loss of precious lives and properties.. Chief Electrical Inspectorate Division of CEA jointly with International Copper Association India (ICAI) was arranged a National Workshop on Electrical Safety on 19thApril, 2018 at Jacaranda Hall, Indian Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi. ICA India along with the Electrical Inspectorate Division of CEA aims to reduce the number of electrical accidents by enforcing rules, providing advice on good working practices, and developing guidance in response to technical changes

in equipment and working methods. The workshop will highlight information and knowledge on international experience, standards, various electrical practices, availability of new technologies to reduce risks. The speaker during the event share his ideas how to reduce the number of electrical incidences taking place now days. While talking to Mr. Sanjeev Ranjan the Managing Director (MD) of International Copper Association India. He shared his best practices of his ideas and role which have he gained in more than 28 years of cross functional experience in related domains like manufacturing, mining and metals, oil and gas, energy and infrastructure. He also shared his views on the key hurdles and the main points to remember for Electricals Safety in an interaction with us. India is densely populated, state like Bihar, Karnataka have never been shows any of such electrical incidence and until and unless no such reports been analytical, and this thing is not possible. If we looked upon the reported data reportedly published is that everyday 20 to 30 people died in electrical incident. In the end of the day the reason is electrical short circuits. When making the policy you know what these people can expect from you, more or less what very one want in a same way and now in second stage is for improvisations, Implementation cannot be done without .

people ware about the electrical safety. Bring up the new changes to that the acceptance of the new ideas is also the other task to make people aware of these ideas. Do you think so that to report or to stop such incident is little bit a difficult today in India? No, nothing is difficult unless the people who dare to change. We have to set up the right platform here are connecting the dots our organization is nothing is impossible He also describe the how the just dail application is usefull in this, how we can use this platform and can get information on the available. You can search the electrician person with their complete information about that person whom you calling that this person had gone with complete standardized training program. At initially this facility was free of cost launched through the agreement with just dial App, now people are taking annual subscription. We every year we gave 2 to 3 standard training in tier 2 and tier 3 cites for electrician. People are accepting to earn more. So at this platform people reached out from utility, electrical contractor, and information on electrical safety.

What government support are you getting to stop such incident?

I must say that security is the important factor of day to day life style. Keeping this in mind, many companies like Schneider Electric RR Cables have such electrical safety products.

Yes we are getting good, this event has been organized pan India with a participation of authorities to get

What message you like to share with our readers?

Under IPDS, APEPDCL sets up 1,076 Transformers to Provide Uninterrupted Power

To provide uninterrupted power to over 25 lakh consumers across 5 coastal districts, APEPDCL 18 || MAY 2018 ||

has improved its power supply network. Under the centrally sponsored IPDS, the Visakhapatnam based Discom has established 2,363 transformers at an expenditure of Rs 60 Cr’s. Out of them, 1,000 transformers were set up to augment the capacity of the existing transformers at Rs 27 Cr. The rest of the 1,363 additional transformers were provided for Rs 33 Cr. These works were taken up from 2016 till date. Within the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) limits covering Visakhapatnam core city, Anakapalli & Bheemili 1,076 transformers

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were set up. Based on consumer feedback, the Discom will be ready to supply more power by enhancing the capacity of the transformers. Usually, most of the consumers have more contracted load than actual connected load owing to the use of various gadgets or appliances without informing & regularizing the extra load with APEPDCL. The sudden & erratic rise in load leads to overloading, which further leads to voltage fluctuations, blowing of fuses & failure of distribution transformers. This, in turn, affects the quality of power supply to rule adhering consumers. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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|| MAY 2018 || 19

eport

LAPP is Simplifying and Unifying its Global Brand Identity One company, one name – worldwide LAPP, experts in connection technology, has unified itself to one brand. By using the name LAPP in uniformity, the family company is underlining its international alignment and positioning themselves as world leader in connection technology. In future, national subsidiaries and departments will all operate under the name LAPP - one name and one logo for the company across the world, offering its customers the same outstanding service at all times, wherever they are. The new brand identity was on display for the first time at the Hanover Trade Fair this year. Hereafter, the family name will represent the company’s fundamental values - focus on success, customers, innovation and family. The new branding is LAPP’s response to the fact that what was originally a cable manufacturer has developed into a provider of connection solutions. Name affixes such as “Kabel”, “Cable” or “Cablo”, which have been used in many countries since the company was founded in 1959, will disappear. In recent years, LAPP has successfully developed into a provider of integrated solutions and branded products for numerous industries and applications; as evidenced by the positive results for the past financial year which saw a 13.9 per cent increase of global turnover. “Now is the right time to have a uniform name worldwide and a unified logo to link everything together,” explains Chairman Andreas Lapp. Customers and their needs were at the heart of the decision. “These days it is no longer so important in which country our customers buy our products and where they are delivered to - we’ve been working as an international team for a long time. It is a logical progression for our external identity to reflect that. And what’s more: that is exactly what our customers expect”, Andreas Lapp continues. The change is a rational step in the company’s development but is also a joint decision by the Lapp family - LAPP is still LAPP. This was shown by the change of generations that occurred in 20 || MAY 2018 ||

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2017, when Matthias Lapp, a member of the third generation of the founding Lapp family, took over the role of CEO for Europe, Africa, the Middle East and South America. About LAPP in India LAPP in India is a 100% subsidiary of the LAPP Group. Having started its operations in 1996, LAPP in India provides about 150,000 km per year of power, control, and instrumentation and data cables along with connectors, accessories and End-to-End Systems to over 6000 customers pan India. Our customers are spread across different industry segments such as automation, textile, automotive, machine tools, oil and gas, renewable energy, process industries, as well as in the infrastructure and building sectors. • 23 Sales offices close to customers all over India & 5 service points • 300 India employees committed to best serve customers • Strong network of 180 dealers • 2 manufacturing units - Bangalore and Bhopal • 5 Warehouses • State of the art laboratory • Fully Fledged Innovation and Engineering Centre In 2012, LAPP in India completed phase one of its second manufacturing plant in Pilukedi, Bhopal which produces more than 216,000 kms of single core cables per annum, catering mainly to the Building Cable Segment. The production area at Jigani was also doubled in 2014 and a new multi core line was commissioned in Bhopal with a total investment of over 5 Million Euros. LAPP brands – ÖLFLEX ®, UNITRONIC ®, ETHERLINE®, HITRONIC®, EPIC®, SKINTOP®, SILVYN®, FLEXIMARK® – are some of the best-known in the cable technology field and have earned an outstanding reputation as premium products. All over the world, they stand for the values which LAPP and their customers consider

paramount: quality, precision and reliability. LAPP now offers ÖLFLEX ® CONNECT, its customized cable assembly solution to meet the exact customer requirements. The solution ranges from cables or custom servo assemblies to complex drag chain applications. This plug and play solution displays superior German quality and high competence. LAPP in India has pan-India presence with dedicated regional Sales & Marketing offices in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Pune and Bangalore providing standard products and customised solutions to meet customer requirements across various industry segments. In addition to LAPP’s traditional sales channel, customers can also shop online from anywhere across the world on LAPP’s online store(shopasia. lappgroup.com/in), a dedicated e-commerce platform to make purchasing LAPP quality products, easier, faster, and profitable. About LAPP: Headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany, LAPP is a leading supplier of integrated solutions and branded products in the field of cable and connection technology. The company’s portfolio includes standard and highly flexible cables, industrial connectors and cable entry systems, customized system solutions, automation technology and robotics solutions for the intelligent factory of the future, as well as technical accessories. LAPP’s core market is in the industrial machinery and plant engineering sector. Other key markets are in the food industry as well as the energy and the mobility sector. LAPP has remained in continuous family ownership since it was founded in 1959. In the 2016/17 business year, it generated consolidated revenue of 1,027 million euros. LAPP currently employs approximately 3,770 people across the world, has 17 production sites and around 40 sales companies. It also works in cooperation with around 100 foreign representatives.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

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|| MAY 2018 || 21

eport

JinkoSolar Signs MoU with Kazakhstan Government to Partner on Solar Power Development

JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd. (NYSE: JKS) (the ‘’Company’’ or "JinkoSolar"), a global leader in the photovoltaic (PV) industry announced today that it signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to partner with the Kazakhstan’s International Centre for Green Technologies and Investment Projects on solar power development. The MoU was signed at JinkoSolar’s Shanghai headquarter by Kazakhstan International Centre for Green Technology CEO Mr.

Sak Nurlan and JinkoSolar Asia Pacific General Manager Ms. Anita Li. Through this MOU, JinkoSolar will contribute towards the renewables development in Kahahzstan through appropriate utilization of its expertise in solar PV research & development, production, and knowledge sharing given its extensive global service network and experience. Speaking on the occasion, Anita Li, JinkoSolar Asia Pacific General Manager noted that “As the largest economy in Central Asia, Kazakhstan is a regional powerhouse and a crucial link between China and continental Europe. Kazakhstan is an important strategic partner in the Belt and Road Initiative, which focus on green infrastructure investment sector. Kazakhstan has incredible potential for renewables development as it possesses significant solar energy resources. We’re happy to see that the Government of Kazakhstan has already taken steps towards a transition to a green economy. As the world

largest solar module producer, JinkoSolar will provide its top performing products and services to Kazakhstan and enhance co-operation with Kazakhstan under the Belt and Road Initiative.” Ms. Li further noted that “The partnership of both parties will enhance the effectiveness of projects and will catalyze socioeconomic development of Kazakhstan to the benefits of its people.”

Overvoltage Protection: New Data Book for SIOV Metal Oxide Varistors TDK Corporation presents the fully revised data book for EPCOS SIOV metal oxide varistors for overvoltage protection. In addition to the extended portfolio of leaded disk varistors, the data book contains the new SNF types with an extended temperature range of between -40 °C and +125 °C. AEC-Q200-qualified automotive

types of these varistors are now also available. The T14 and T20 ThermoFuse™ varistors are another highlight with their integrated thermal fuses that isolate the varistors from the grid in the event of an overload. By means of an additional monitor pin, the status of the varistors can be detected and signaled, for example, by means of an LED. In addition, the

data book features the extensive range of block and strap varistors for power electronics and power engineering, as well as SMD versions. The data book also provides detailed technical descriptions, and is therefore a comprehensive reference work to assist design engineers in the selection of the appropriate varistors.

POWER FINANCE CORPORATION LTD. (PR UNIT) Power Finance Corporation Ltd (PFC) has signed a performance-based ‘Memorandum of Understanding’ (MoU) with Ministry of Power, Govt. of India detailing various targets to be achieved by PFC during FY 2018-19. The MoU has been signed by Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla, Secretary (Power), Govt. of India and Shri Rajeev Sharma, CMD,

22 || MAY 2018 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

PFC in presence of various senior officials of MOP and PFC. The MoU contains various parameters relating to financial viz., Revenue from operations, Loan Disbursements, Loan Assets, Cost of raising funds and Non-financial parameters viz., Human Resource management and IPDS-related parameters.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

An ISO 9001:2015 Company

THERMAL IMAGING CAMERA MODEL- TE-02 / TG-301 / LT3-P / LT7-P Thermal Imager at the price of Infrared Thermometer

FEATURES :

 Display : 2.4” color Screen.

 Temperature Range : -30 °C to 650 °C (-22 °F to 1202 °F)  Imaging Detector : IR Array  Display : 160x128 pixel 1.77 inches TFT-LCD Display  Display Resolution : 0.1°C(0.2°F)  Image Resolution : 16,384 pixels (128 x 128 pixels)  Field of View (H X W) : 30 °  Upper Sense Range : 650 °C  Thermo Imaging Sensitivity : 150 mK  Response Time(95%) : <300 ms (95% of reading)  Optical Resolution : 30:1 (calculated at 95% energy)  True D/S 30:1 with precise laser indication.  SD Card of 2GB is available.  Compact UV refrigerant leak detector with 5UV/Blue LEDs

TG-301

 Resolution : 60 X 60  FOV/Shortest focal length : 20° X 20° / 0.5m  Thermal Sensitivity : 0.15°C  Temperature Range :

TE-02

-20°C ~ 300°C (-4°F ~ 572°F)  Image Frequency : 6Hz  Focus Mode : Fixed  Image Storage : SD card (4GB)  Battery Type : AA battery x 4.

FEATURES :  Display : 3.5” TFT LCD, 640 x 480

 Thermal Sensitivity : 0.06°C@30°C (LT3-P)

 Array size : 160 X 120 (LT3-P);

384 x 288 (LT7-P)  Resolution : 160 X 120  Spatial resolution : 2.72mrad (LT3-P)

1.36mrad (LT7-P)

0.05°C@30°C (LT7-P)  Temperature Range :

-20°C ± 350°C (can expanded to 650°C) (LT3-P) -20°C ~ +650°C (can expanded to 1200°C) (LT7-P)  Frame Frequency : 50Hz / 60Hz

 FOV/min focus distance :

 Focus Mode : Manual

25° X 19° / 0.1m

 Palette : Color palette 11 palettes changeable.

 Measuring Mode :

Upto 4 movable spots. Upto 3

 Image Storage : 2G SD card, Max 16G

movable areas (Max. Min & Avg.

 Build-in CCD camera : 1,300,000 pixels (LT3-P)

temperatures). Upto 2 movable lines. Line profile. Isotherms. Temperature difference. Alarm (voice, color)

LT3-P / LT7-P

3,200,000 pixels (LT7-P)  Encapsulation : IP54  Drop test : 2m

TO VIEW THE FULL DETAILS OF EACH PRODUCT VISIT : www.kusamelectrical.com G-17, Bharat Industrial Estate, T. J. Road, Sewree (W), Mumbai - 400015. INDIA. Tel. : 022-24124540, 24156638, 24181649, 27750662, 27750292 ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Fax : 022-24149659

Email : sales@kusam-meco.co.in

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| MAY 2018 || 23

eport

Govt. Launches Pilot Scheme Procurement of Aggregate Power of 2500 MW for three Years.

The Government kicks off a Pilot Scheme for Procurement of Aggregate Power of 2500 MW on competitive basis for 3 (three) years under medium term i.e. from generators with commissioned projects but without Power Purchase Agreement. Power Ministry had recently issued the model bid documents, model PAPP and PPSA on April 6, 2018. The Guidelines for the said scheme was issued on April 10, 2018. PFC Consulting Limited (A wholly owned subsidiary of PFC Ltd) has been appointed as Nodal Agency

and PTC India Limited as the Aggregator. PTC India would sign three-year (mid-term) Agreement for Procurement of Power with successful bidders and Power Supply Agreement with the Discoms Under the scheme a single entity can be allotted maximum capacity of 600 MW. The Scheme assures a minimum offtake of 55% of contracted capacity. The Tariff will be fixed for three years without any escalation. PFC Consulting Limited is in process of inviting the

bids in first week of May, 2018 under the scheme. The bidding will be conducted on the DEEP e-Bidding Portal and with L1 matching for bucket filling without reverse auction. It is expected this scheme help to revive the power demand which has affected the generators not having Power Purchase Agreements.

Pathbreaking Laser-level Measurement in India Through Pune Techtrol Pune Techtrol Pvt. Ltd. (www.punetechtrol.com) has now embarked on nationwide distribution of a breakthrough, South African technology in India. For this, it has inked an agreement with Allpronix (www.allpronix.com), which comprises exclusive sale and distribution rights of a new series of laser-level transmitters. This marks the advent of a new era of laser-level measurement in India. A laser-level/distance transmitter functions by leveraging a high-speed laser pulse for distance measurement. Pune Techtrol will distribute the first laser-level transmitters of their variety to possess a programming keypad and an onboard display. The

roduct Info

AL40 model can measure from 10 centimeters to 40 meters, while the AL100 model can measure from 10 centimeters to 100 meters. They have an optional dust tube, which enables to retain a dust-free lens for a long duration. They boast of a precision of 0.1% FS. Pune Techtrol is confident that it can find new avenues in Indian industries such as Coal and Mining, Food and Beverages, Chemicals and Fertilizers, Cement, Steel, Plastic and Wood Chips, Paper and Pulp, and many pertinent domains. It can soon leverage its existing, well-established distribution and sales network in India to the advantage of current and new customers. Allpronix; which is based in Randburg, South Africa;

has garnered a reputation of supplying the latesttechnology, economical, and supreme-quality Process Control and Industrial Networking instrumentation. It is second to none in flawless customer service backup and support for all its products.

About Pune Techtrol Pvt. Ltd.

Pune Techtrol Pvt. Ltd. is a globally-trusted Indian company for excellent-quality level measurement and process automation systems for liquids and solids. Its CRISIL MSE2 and ISO 9001 certifications are a testimony of its reliable products and services. It was established by Mr. Nandalal P. Khatan at Bhosari, Pune in 1984.

MECO “New 6000 Count TRMS Digital Clampmeters”

MECO introduced new 6000 Count TRMS Digital Clampmeters, Models: 1080-TRMS and 1008-TRMS 1080-TRMS is a 3 5/6 Digit 6000 Counts, Current Range upto 1200A AC & DC, Auto / Manual Ranging Digital Clampmeter with LCD Backlight having Voltage Range upto 1000V DC & 750V AC and with Jaw Opening size of 30mm. Basic accuracy for DC Voltage is ±0.5%rdg + 3dgt and for AC Voltage ±0.8%rdg + 5dgt, for DC Current ±0.8% + 10dgt and for AC Current ± 2.0% rdg + 30dgt. In addition it has special features like Auto Power Off, Resistance, Capacitance, Frequency, Duty Cycle,

Temperature, Diode Test, Audible Continuity, Data Hold etc. 1008-TRMS is a 3 5/6 Digit 6000 Counts, Current Range upto 1000A AC Auto / Manual Ranging Digital Clampmeter with LCD Backlight having Voltage Range upto 1000V DC & 750V AC with Jaw Opening size of 30mm. Basic accuracy for DC Voltage is ±0.5%rdg + 3dgt and for AC Voltage ±0.8%rdg + 5dgt, and for AC Current ± 2.0% rdg + 30dgt. In addition it has special features like Auto Power Off, Resistance, Capacitance, Frequency, Duty Cycle, Temperature, Diode Test, Audible Continuity, Data Hold etc.

For details please visit our website: www.mecoinst.com

24 || MAY 2018 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Schneider Electric, Partnering with Temasek, has Reached an Agreement to buy Larsen & Toubro’s Electrical & Automation Business and will Combine it With its Low Voltage & Industrial Automation Products Business in India Key highlights:

• Combined business well-positioned to serve the fast-growing Indian Energy Management and Industrial Automation Market • Transaction to combine Schneider Electric’s strong global technology platform, digital offers and global presence with L&T Electrical & Automation’s wide domestic reach, coupled with end-to-end R&D and manufacturing capabilities specific to Indian market. • Make in India: Post transaction, India to become one of the key innovation and manufacturing hub for India as well as for global markets. • India becomes the third largest country in terms of revenues for Schneider Electric, at par with France • Strong shareholder base: Schneider Electric and Temasek to own combined business with 65% and 35% shareholding respectively Schneider Electric, the global leader in digital transformation of energy management and automation today announces the signing of an agreement with Larsen and Toubro Ltd. (“L&T”), a leading conglomerate in India to buy its Electrical and Automation business (“L&T E&A”) and combine it with Schneider Electric India’s Low voltage and Industrial Automation Product business (the “Combined Business”). Temasek, an investment company headquartered in Singapore, will invest in the combined business and will hold 35% of it. L&T E&A is a recognized player in the Energy Management and Industrial Automation business in India led by an experienced management team. It offers low and medium voltage switchgear, electrical systems & equipment, energy management, metering and industrial automation solutions. It benefits from an extensive ecosystem of partners covering more than 260 cities in India. It has an efficient local manufacturing footprint with 5 manufacturing locations in India along with robust local R&D capabilities. The company is also present in the Middle-East and South-East Asia markets. L&T E&A has over 5,000 employees, excluding Marine Switchgear and Servowatch Systems. India is the third largest economy in Asia Pacific and sixth largest in the world with c.US$ 2.6 trillion GDP. It is also the fastest growing large economy globally with an expected 2018 GDP growth rate of 7.4% (based on IMF data). With strong growth in the buildings and infrastructure segments coupled with growth in industrial

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manufacturing driven notably by the Indian Government’s program to develop industries through ‘Make in India’, the market is expected to grow high-single digit to double-digit for energy management offers and doubledigit3 for industrial automation offers over the coming years. The combined business of Schneider Electric’s Low Voltage and Industrial Automation Product business and L&T E&A will be uniquely positioned to benefit from these trends. Schneider Electric is committed to investing in India’s growth, with its businesses being present in India since 1963. With this transaction, India will become the third largest country for Schneider Electric in terms of revenues (c. €1.6bn), at par with France. Temasek is a global investor anchored in Asia, with India accounting for around 5% of its S$275b net portfolio value based on underlying assets, as at 31 March 2017. Temasek’s investment deepens its exposure to India, as well as to the industrial sector. Temasek and Schneider Electric both recognize India’s significant growth opportunities, further accentuated by the Indian Government’s “Make in India” policy. Make in India seeks to promote growth in the domestic market, establish India as a strong R&D hub and enhance production capabilities to service the Indian market and new economies, using India as a hub. With this combination, Schneider Electric and Temasek are establishing a company with scale, efficiency and channel partner outreach across India. It will offer innovative products and solutions to Indian customers, bringing differentiation in a dynamic and competitive market having many major global and local low voltage switchgear players. The combined business with more than €1bn in revenues will create significant synergies and efficiencies by leveraging on the complementary businesses of Schneider and L&T E&A business, including: • utilization of L&T E&A’s R&D set up with capability to locally develop products suited for India and other new economies with Schneider’s global technology and best practices; • wide range of products and technologically superior solutions to the Indian consumers across portfolios and price points; • widespread network of distributors/ channel partners and extensive geographical reach across India, enabling Schneider access to consumers in tier 2 and tier 3 cities and semi-urban and rural areas across India, where Schneider Electric

currently has a limited presence; • enhanced manufacturing footprint in India which will result in greater domestic production, reduced dependence on imports and increased employment opportunities; • developing India as the “fourth” hub for Schneider globally (the other three being US, France and China) to cater to the growing Indian market as well as develop India as global markets; • expertise in additional segments within industries, infrastructure and construction; and • strong organizational capability of L&T E&A to execute integrated electrical and automation projects with custom engineered solutions. Apart from creating a stronger solution capability in the organization, it will also create strong demand for products of combined business from projects. The combined business will therefore offer a comprehensive portfolio of products and solutions in India at competitive prices, for large partners and customer base in many segments, across geographies. As part of the contemplated transaction, L&T E&A would be acquired for an Enterprise Value (EV) of INR 14,000 Cr (c. €1.75bn) . The deal is subject to customary approvals from the Competition Commission of India and other regulatory authorities and is expected to close once regulatory approvals are in place.

Jean-Pascal Tricoire, Schneider Electric, Chairman and CEO stated, “By bringing together the Low

Voltage and Industrial Automation Products Business of Schneider Electric India and L&T E&A, we are creating an innovative company in Energy Management and Industrial Automation in one of world’s largest and fastest growing economies – India. Our market reach in India will be further strengthened by the extensive ecosystem of partners of E&A and we will harness the strengths of both organizations to address the electrical and automation requirements of India and global market. India will become our third largest business in the world, and one of our four major R&D and manufacturing global hubs. Our combined company will actively contribute to make India green, digital, and reinforce its role as a center for R&D and manufacturing. We are pleased to partner with Temasek which brings a tremendous expertise of Asian markets.”

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| MAY 2018 || 25

Cover Story I

Indian Wires & Cables Sector: Gaining the Insight and Unlocking the Transformational Value

he wire & cable industry, which has been growing at the rate of around 15% currently, will start growing at the CAGR of over 20% over the next 5 years. The wires & cables industry in India has come a long way, growing from being a small industry to a very large one, over the past decade. The increasing demand for power, light & communication has kept demand high for wire & cable.

arket facts

IMF projects India's GDP to grow at 7.4% in FY19 & 7.8% in FY20. India's economy is capable of absorbing $50 bn in FDI/ year. India's economy will grow 5-fold in the next 20 years. India's infra. financing requirements & the new manufacturing policy will open up US$ 1 Tn opportunities for global investors over the next 5 years. Indian automobile industry, the 7 largest in the world, has currently been estimated to have a turnover of US$ 73 bn, accounting for 6% of its GDP. The Indian real estate market size is expected to touch US $180 bn by 2020. The main customers for the wire & cable industry are the automotive, telecom, construction industries. In the past few years, these have witnessed a rapid expansion & have led to an annual growth of about 25% in India. GoI has begun to focus primarily on PPPs with major infra. projects. As/ the details provided in the Automotive Mission Plan 2006-16, the Indian govt. is geared up to double the automobile industry's contribution to the country's GDP & furthermore intends to create 25 mn new jobs in the industry. Telecom market in India is the 3rd largest in the world & it is the fastest growing. This growth is being witnessed in wireless & telephony sectors. Furthermore, in the Internet sector, Govt. is making endeavors to provide rural areas of India with broadband connections.

Wire & cable market to expand at 15.61% during 2016-20

Industry experts forecast the global electric wire & cable in India market to expand at a CAGR of 15.61% during 2016-20. Following CoS are key players in the market: Finolex Cables, KEI Industries, Havells India, & Polycab Wires. Other prominent vendors in the India market are: Cable Corporation of India, Cords Cable Industries, Apar Industries Limited, KEC International, LS Cable India, Shilpi Cable Technologies, Universal Cable, & V-Guard Industries. One of latest trends in the India market is increase in sales of HVDC power cables. HVDC underground power cables have become viable options for long distance & HV safe power transfer. HVDC power systems provide a viable option for long distance bulk power delivery. European Commission has selected 43 major energy projects to build cross-border infra. to create an internal energy market & enhance security of energy supply. For these projects, high loads of electricity would be required to be transferred from one country to another. HVDC cables are expected to become a viable option for such assignments in future. India is likely to follow this trend. In addition, these HVDC light cables find preference over their AC counterparts, especially in submarine power transmission, due to their lightweight & dimensions. One of the primary drivers in the market is growth in renewable power generation in India. A huge emphasis is given to the commercialization of Renewable Energy (RE) worldwide, which will create an enormous demand for electric wire & cables. This is because most of these RE resources are set up in places where proper T&D infra. is not available. Future expansion of existing networks worldwide is also expected. These expansion activities are fueled by emerging economies such as India, which

Cover Story

RE: Around 293 global & domestic CoS have

are on the threshold of integrating regional grids to form a nationwide electric grid network to allow a seamless flow of electricity. All this calls for extensive T&D infra. development activities. Further, the report states that one major challenge in the market is compliance to regulations. Electrical wire & cable manufacturers in India are required to comply with various safety rules & regulations for the installation of power cable systems. These regulations are scripted & decided by regulatory bodies such as American National Standards Institute (ANSI), International Electro technical Commission (IEC), & Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The rules vary depending on the circuit voltage, temperature rating, & environmental conditions.

5 Sectors to Give Unprecedented Boost to Wire & Cable Consumption

Wire & cable industry growth: The wire & cable

industry, which has been growing at the rate of around 15% currently, will start growing at the CAGR of over 20% over the next 5 years.

Power: Indian power sector has an invest. potential of Rs 15 tn in the next 4–5 years. A target of 1,229.4 BU of electricity to be generated in 2017-18, which is 70 BUs higher than 2016-17.

Telecom: India is expected to have over 180 mn smartphones by 2019, contributing around 13.5% to the global smartphone market. The allocation for BharatNet Project has been increased to Rs.10,000 Cr. for 2017-18. So far, 155,000 km of OFC has been laid under BharatNet Project. Infra.: Allocation of Rs. 3.96 Lakh Cr’s in the Union Budget 2017-18 towards infra. development as against Rs. 3.48 Lakh Cr’s in 2016-17.

Automotive Industry: The Indian auto industry is one of the largest in the world. The industry accounts for 7.1% of the country’s GDP. Railways: 8% increase in the railways expenditure to

Rs. 1,31,000 Cr. for laying down 3,500 km of railway lines in FY 2017-18. Govt. to spend Rs. 850,000 Cr. in the next five years to modernize Indian Railways. The Cabinet cleared the Rs. 82,000 Cr. dedicated freight corridor for decongesting existing network.

Energy: 12th FYP estimated total domestic energy production to reach 669.6 MTOE by 2016–17 & 844 MTOE by 2021–22

28 || MAY 2018 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

committed to generate 266 GW of solar, wind, mini-hydel & biomass-based power in India over the next 5-10 years.

Strong Growth Currents in Power Generation, Transmission & Distribution

Indian power sector has an invest. potential of Rs 15 tn in the next 4–5 years, thereby providing immense opportunities in power generation, distribution, transmission, & equip.. Between April 2000 & March 2016, the industry attracted USD 10.48 bn in FDI. MoP has set a target of 1,229.4 BU of electricity to be generated in the FY 17-18, which is 70 BUs higher than FY 16-17 achievement. Around 293 global & domestic CoS have committed to generate 266 GW of solar, wind, mini-hydel & biomass-based power in India over the next 5-10 years. The initiative would entail an invest. of about USD 310-350 bn. Besides, on power transmission front, as on March 31, 2016, PGCIL owns & operates a transmission network of about 1,29,354 ckm of Inter-state transmission lines, 207 nos. of EHVAC & HVDC sub-stations with transmission capacity of about 2,54,848 MVA. Under the 12th plan (FY 12-17) which has laid special emphasis on development of the infra. sector including energy, PGCIL has already made a capex of Rs 88,235 Cr. against the capex plan of Rs 1,10,000 Cr.. Moreover, the total inter-regional capacity addition planned in the 13th FYP (2017-2022) is 47,500 MW, to increase the present interregional capacity of 63,650 MW (as on Nov’16) to 118,050 MW by 2021-22. This to be done through several interregional corridors, system strengthening projects. In order to provide a boost to the power sector, Govt. also has set a target of electrifying 18,452 villages by May’18 under DDUGJY.

Booming Infra.

India needs Rs 31 tn to be spent on infra. development over the next five years, with 70% of funds needed for power, roads & urban infra. segments. FDI received in construction development sector from Apr’00- Mar’16 stood at USD 24.19 bn, according to the DIPP. Infra. sector is a key driver for the Indian economy. The sector is highly responsible for propelling India’s overall development & enjoys intense focus from Govt. for initiating policies that would ensure time-bound creation of world class infra. in the country.

To be the Largest Telecom Market

According to a report by leading research firm Market Research Store, Indian telecom services market will likely grow by 10.3% YoY to reach USD 103.9 bn by 2020. With daily increasing subscriber base, there have been a lot of invest’s & developments in the sector. The industry has attracted FDI worth USD 18.38 bn during the period Apr’00-Mar’16, according to the data released by DIPP. India will emerge as a leading player in the virtual world by having

700 mn internet users of the 4.7 bn global users by 2025, as/ a Microsoft report. India is currently the second-largest telecommunication market & has the 3rd highest no. of internet users in the world. India’s telephone subscriber base expanded at a CAGR of 19.96%, reaching 1058.86 mn during FY07-16. Moreover, India is expected to have over 180 mn smartphones by 2019, contributing around 13.5% to the global smartphone market, based on rising affordability & better availability of data services among other factors. All these developments seek tremendous growth in OFC network, an appealing prospect for Indian wire & cable market.

Automotive & Other Growing Segments

Indian auto industry is one of the largest in the world. The industry accounts for 7.1% of the country’s GDP. India is also a prominent auto exporter & has strong export growth expectations for the near future. In Apr-Mar’16, overall automobile exports grew by 1.91%. Electrical machinery sector consists of generation, transmission & distribution machinery. The transmission & distribution market expanded at a CAGR of 6.7% over FY07-13. Boilers (16%), cables (15%) & transmission lines & conductors (12%) account for a large chunk of the revenue. The generation equip. market is expected to expand at a CAGR of 12.7% over FY12-22. The exports of electrical machinery rose to US$ 3.9 bn in FY14 from USD 3.4 bn in FY12. Boilers & parts & electrical wires & cables were the primary drivers of the increase in exports.

Govt. initiatives to boost cable industry in India

The industry which has been growing at the rate of around 15% currently will start growing at the CAGR of over 20% over the next five years. The wires & cables industry in India has come a long way, growing from being a small industry to a very large one, over the past decade. The increasing demand for power, light & communication has kept demand high for wire & cable. This trend will continue as demand for reliable, efficient energy & data communications will strengthen the wires & cables industry in the future as well. Over the last 20 years, the industry has shifted from being an unorganised sector to an organised one. Still, 35% of the industry continues to be a part of the unorganised sector. In India, the size of the cable manufacturing industry is approx. Rs 40,000 Cr’s. The specialized cable industry is roughly of the size of Rs 10,000 Cr’s. Govt. has announced ambitious plans for infra. development. One of the primary focus areas of the development plan is railways, with over Rs 800,000 Cr. as promised invest. over the period of 2015-2020.In addition, Govt. has ear marked Rs 50,000 Cr. to develop 100 smart cities across the country. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| MAY 2018 || 29

Cover Story High way projects worth $93 bn, which include govt. flagship NHDP with total invest. of $45 bn over next three years, have also been announced. The Digital India campaign will require an invest. of Rs 4,50,000 Cr.. MoP is also looking at an invest. of Rs 15,000 lakh Cr. over the next 5 years. Wire & cable industry will eventually focus on supplying cables for specific applications pertaining to the industry needs. India has a lot of potential in the mining, power, oil & gas, metro railways, cement industry, steel industry & other sectors. Power cables, a critical segment of the power sector, is experiencing an escalating demand owing to the growth in power generation infra.. India is one of the biggest consumers of electric energy after the US & China. Accelerated urbanization & growing concern over pollution have increased the invest. in metro rails for urban mass transportation. The country is predicted to develop metro rails in at least 50 cities across India. Such developments where each project requires more than $150 mn is likely to attract many Indian & foreign CoS to take advantage of the huge growth opportunities. Different kinds of cables like extra high voltage cables, elastomer cables, etc. are presently being used for special applications such as mining, in oil sector, shipbuilding, cranes, elevators, solar power plants to harness power for new generation motor vehicles, windmill solutions as well as security systems. Growth in renewable power generation would be one of the primary factors for the growth of the electric cable & wire market. The focus of several countries across world to commercialize renewable power generation will create a sig. demand for electrical wires & cables. This is mainly due to the lack of a T&D infra. at locations where RE resources are set up. Moreover, the expansion of the existing renewable power generation plants in the emerging countries will also result in increasing the demand for electrical wires & cables. Initiatives such as excise duty exemption for Ferro-silicon magnesium & pig iron used for manufacturing components for wind-operated electric power generators, & the target set by the JNNSM to generate more than 1,00,000 MW of solar power by the end of the year 2022, will boost the demand for electrical wires & cables. Rural electrification is another major factor which is expected to propel the growth of the electric wire & cable market in the country. Govt.'s goal to provide electricity to every home by 2020 should attract major investâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in the sector.

Industry Needs to be More Quality Conscious

Increased levels of import have hit the growth of wires & cable industry. In order to regain the growth trajectory, the industry needs to develop an 30 || MAY 2018 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

uncompromising attitude with regards to quality. Over the past 2 decades, Indian wire & cable industry has undergone a major shift from the unorganised to organised sector, with still about 35% of the market continuing to fall under the unorganised sector today. Cable industry is a crucial infra. backbone of economy. Cables are critical elements that wire up length & breadth of the country as telecom & power networks. Cable industry can be broadly divided into 3 major sectors power cables, control cables & telecom cables. Under these sectors, there are multiple players in Indian market, including local as well as international players. Indian market consists of both branded & unbranded cables. The size of the Indian cable industry is estimated at approximately Rs 15,000 Cr. (excluding building wire & railway signaling cables), comprising of 40% of the electrical industry. Wire & cable industry is expected to grow 2-fold in the next positive years.

Demand-supply scenario

Cable industry constitutes of about 27.5% of the overall electrical industry. Demand has slowed down in the last couple of years & the electrical equip. industry has witnessed a negative growth in FY13 for the first time in last decade. As per IEEMA estimates, the industry witnessed a negative growth of 8% in FY13 vis-a-vis 6.6% growth in FY12. The cable industry too showed a negative growth of 25.7% in 2012-13 (Apr-Mar). Because of a lack of demand & subdued growth of the electrical equip. sector, the cable industry is facing multiple challenges. The industry is undergoing a difficult phase due to lower volume of orders for cables from various sectors like power, telecom, railways & various industrial, construction, engineering & manufacturing industries during the slowdown of economy. This coupled with the fact that various manufacturers had undertaken huge expansions to capacities, in view of announced govt. policy of thrust in power sector, has resulted into underutilization of their capacities. While exporting to other countries, it is mandatory for the Indian manufacturers to have the cable type tested from the respective national approved laboratory & approval of respective standards organization. Similarly, the Indian govt. undertaking & power utilities should also incorporate type test approval certificate of the Indian National Laboratory such as CPRI & approval from the Indian Standards Organization for foreign bidders to qualify to bid. There is lack of demand not just for cables, but the entire electrical equip. industry. Due to overall slump in India's GDP, the domestic electrical equip. industry reported a 6.9% growth in FY12, as compared to 13.7% in 2010-11. Sluggish growth in power sector & escalating imports of electrical equip. are impacting the commercial viability of domestic electrical equip. industry.

Unorganised threat

As much as 35% of the Indian cable industry is still unorganised or informal. There are many diminutive & small cable CoS who compromise on quality & supply sub-standard products at low prices. This kind of parallel market is found in many countries across the globe, but is a serious matter of concern for India. In certain segments, small local producers may be encouraged by legitimate tactics like price preferences, but in most segments there is breach of even basic standards. Standard regulations followed by medium-sized & large-scale manufacturers are bypassed by most small ones. Those operating in the unorganised sector may take advantage of unmetered power supplies intended for agricultural users or avoid paying duties & taxes. While tenders are being floated for EHV cables that stipulate certain criteria, it is seen that there is lack of standardization across the country. Product specifications differ from utility to utility, who set up differing criteria. Cheaper imports from manufacturers whose credentials are unproven into the country will create a zero entry barrier for these products leaving the local industry exposed to unfair competition. Technically competent Indian CoS will be facing a problem of demand, & cheap imports will enable parties with no base in India to gobble up a major share of the HV & EHV market, which is a technically critical segment. On the commercial front too, foreign suppliers are favored with payments in the form of secured letters of credit whereas the Indian cable industry faces unfavorable open credit terms of payments from the local users & SEBs. In mature markets, such as Western Europe, products such as building wire are generally regarded as commodities, with lowest price & availability being the key criteria for purchasers. Quality is a secondary consideration in mature markets, as purchasers usually assume that all cables that have the appropriate product approvals meet the required performance specifications. In India, however, the market situation is different; domestic consumers are likely to be quality conscious, aware of brands of cable that have a reputation for quality & wary of buying poor quality products. In a market where perceptions of quality are imp., unscrupulous small producers may try to sell counterfeit cables, usurping the brand-names of the more reputable Indian cable makers.

Solutions

The growth of cable industry is synonymous to the growth in overall electrical equip. sector. For unprecedented growth of the industry, it is inevitable to develop an uncompromising attitude with regard to quality. Manufacturers & contractors should be made to adhere to stringent BIS-PQ guidelines to ensure quality adherence & facilitate wire & cable industry to see a signi cant rise in e ciency. On the other hand, rapidly escalating imports of electrical equip. have resulted into under-utilisation of the manufacturing capacity for domestic players. Protecting & preference ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Cover Story for Indian suppliers is one of the most imp. measures that the govt. needs to take. Most countries impose as much as 25% duty on import of cables, while there is hardly any duty levied on import of cables in our country. Due to this, the international players are selling cheaper than the Indian manufacturers. In today's scenario, India imports majority of its requirement, while exports are very low. Appropriate govt. intervention is, hence, crucial for the growth of the domestic business. To promote development & overall growth of local manufacturers within this sector, some entry barriers on international players are a must. For instance, instead of allowing free imports from other countries, the govt. can insist international players to manufacture locally either by collaborating with Indian players or investing in India. Also, the onslaught of the slowdown in the country's power sector has hampered domestic demand. The main reason for this is rise in transmission & distribution losses, which are a result of poor infra. & lack of implementation of modern tech.. Govt. needs to ensure e ective implementation of tamperproof meters, insulated conductor, & regular patrolling of lines. The Indian wire & cable industry is now in dire need of a catalyst to spur growth. The SEBs can induce growth by strengthening the power network & reducing transmission & distribution losses, which will in turn lead to rise in demand for electrical equip. like cables.

Trends & growth drivers in the cables & conductors industry

The development & strengthening of the country’s transmission & distribution (T&D) network has always been a key focus area. To this end, a no. of govt. initiatives & programmes have been undertaken such as the Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY), the Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS) & the recently launched Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya). All these schemes have created a market for cables & conductors in the country. Power Line takes a look at the cables & conductors market, the trends in designs & technologies, the challenges being faced by the industry & the key demand drivers…

Market size & growth

Wires & cables industry in India has come a long way, growing from being a small industry to a very large one, over the past decade. Although the industry comes with a lot of technical & quality nuances, it is mostly volume driven. Over the last 20 years, the industry has shifted from being an unorganised sector to an organised one, Still 35% of the industry continues to be a part of the unorganised sector. Increasing demand for power, light & communication 32 || MAY 2018 ||

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has kept demand high for wire & cable. The wires & cables market in India comprises nearly 40% of the electrical industry. According to industry experts, it is expected to double in size in the next five years. Market is growing at a CAGR of 15% as a result of growth in the power & infra. segments. Present est./ capita consumption is only about 0.5 kg. As the new govt. is focusing on ‘Make in India,” the industry can grow at a similar rate for the next 5 years. Talking about the power sector, copper holds high sig. in terms of usage & consumption in this sector. World average/ capita copper consumption is around 2.7 kg. Electrical sector is the largest user of copper in India. Since copper & its alloy components play a vital role in electricity generation, distribution & utilisation, 12-15%/ annum demand growth in this sector is possible, if good quality is assured. Quality of Copper plays a very imp. role in wire i.e. use of Electrolytic Tough Pitch (ETP) grade Copper wherein the purity of Copper in percentage terms should be min 99.90% as per national standards, All electrical consultants, A-grade electrical contractors, while specifying makes should ensure quality credential from independent laboratories or poor quality of Copper used in wire may result in safety hazards as well as energy loss. As imp. as it is to use good quality copper, there are various disadvantages & serious consequences of using untested copper for wiring. Relative specification values measured of wires using Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper vis-à-vis Scrap Refined (Commercial) Copper (for 1sq mm wire). The test results amply prove that wires with commercial copper are not only inferior in physical properties but are also alarmingly low on electrical parameters such as conductivity. It is proved further that high level of impurities has resulted in a steep increase in resistance by as much as 88%. This obviously explains almost twice the temp. rise as compared to ETP copper since higher resistance causes higher loss resulting in heat. ICA India, hence strongly recommends that all concerned such as, consultants, contractors, electricians etc. should consider use of ISI certified copper wires only. Based on the statistics provided by the Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers’ Association, the overall size of the cables industry reached close to Rs 412.50 bn in 2016-17, recording a moderate growth of 5.10% over Rs 392 bn in the previous year. However, growth in 2016-17 was much lower compared to 2015-16, which witnessed an increase of 35.17%. In the first 6 months of 2017-18 (Apr-Sep), a 9.6% growth was registered. Across cable sub-categories, the power cables segment registered a growth of 5.2% in 2016-17, while the control cables segment saw a decline of 3.4%. However, the first half of 2017-18 saw a reversal of trends wherein the high voltage power cable growth plummeted by 7% & the control

cable segment grew by 2.9%. Meanwhile, the low voltage power cables recorded a growth of 19% in the period March-September 2017. The overall size of the conductors market saw a decline of 10.76% from Rs 81.25 bn in 2015-16 to Rs 72.50 bn in 2016-17. In the first half of 2017-18 (Apr-Sep), the segment again marked a negative growth of 17.40, which was primarily due to the delays in order finalizations by major buyers. With regard to exports, in the first 6 months of 2017-18, the total value of cable exports stood at Rs 11.96 bn, recording an increase of 2% over the corresponding period in previous year. Meanwhile, cable imports during the same period stood at Rs 4.59 bn, recording a staggering decline of 50% over the corresponding period of the previous year. During 2016-17, the exports stood at Rs 19.55 bn (a growth of 14.5%) & the imports stood at Rs 5.76 bn (a decline of 1.1%). Thus, the exports have supported the growth in the cable segment. The import of conductors stood at Rs 3.11 bn (Apr-Sep 2017-18), recording a sig. decline of 41% over the same period in the previous year. Meanwhile, the export of conductors in this period stood at Rs 8.29 bn, recording a growth of 5%.

Market & Tech. trends

Wires & cables play an indispensable role in today’s digitally advanced life & find extensive usage across a no. of applications in several industries. The extensive usage & applications of wires & cables across various industries will put the wires & cables industry on the right path for the future. The trend in the market keeps changing these days. But it is also believed that govt. has made the right move in the past few months when it comes to talking about invest.. Govt. on the whole needs to get private invest’s moving by reducing the interest rates. This will help in kick starting the economy. That being mentioned, Govt. needs to start focusing a little bit on incentives. As we all know giving a particular incentive regardless of the industry will get things moving better. Direct incentives for a list of specified industries coupled with the ease of doing business will have invest’s pouring in. It’s sure true that the processes being followed currently would bring about a positive result but incentivizing the invest’s would yield an immediate result. Back to positive developments, Govt.’s initiatives on the front of power, housing, infra. & digitization is sure to pay dividends to all the industries. Housing for all, power for all & internet for all means a lot of business for the wire & cable industry in the coming future. Not only the above mentioned industries, the emphasis Govt. is putting on non- conventional sources of energy like solar is also a positive step for the wire & cable industry. There are a lot of DC based products that come into the market to specifically serve these particular segments. By the ||www.electricalmirror.net||

time these translate into field invest’s, the demand for the needed electrical would already be there, making it a positive outlook for the wire & cable industry. So from it all, the cable & wire industry are only going to benefit & that is great news for those in the industry. Several technologies have been introduced to enable utilities to augment their capacities without battling RoW clearances. An emerging tech. trend has been the adoption of high temperature low sag (HTLS) conductors. HTLS conductors are made from materials such as INVAR steel, aluminium-zirconium alloys, & metal & polymer matrix composites that offer higher temperature resistance & increased ampacity compared to the traditional ACSR conductors. These conductors are being deployed by utilities not only for enhanced operational efficiency, but also for the purpose of reconductoring the existing lines. Reconductoring enables utilities to transmit a higher quantum of power through existing corridors & can sig.ly scale down losses as well as instances of power outages. Aluminium conductor composite core, gap type ZT ACSR & super thermal aluminium clad invar reinforced (STACIR) conductors are some of the preferred options for reconductoring lines. In order to increase the current carrying capacity & scale down the transmission losses, utilities are turning to high temperature superconductors (HTS). As compared to conventional conductors these conductors have 5 to 10 times the current carrying capacity, are compact in size & have a lower RoW requirement. The off-take of HTS conductors in the domestic market, however, has been relatively low. Gas-insulated lines (GILs) are also gaining momentum in the international market, though the domestic market is yet to witness their widespread adoption. GILs serve as a viable alternative to overhead lines where RoW is not available for the transmission of electricity. This is primarily because GILs can be installed under the ground as well as in tunnels & trenches. Moreover, the resistive losses of GILs are lower than overhead lines & other types of underground cables, & they offer greater reliability with no risk of fire. Owing to the risks associated with bare overhead cables, covered cables have emerged as an imp. product in the market. Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), high-density polyethylene, aerial bunched cables & spacer cable systems are the most commonly used covered cables. XLPE cables use cross-linked polyethylene as the main insulating material & can operate at higher temp.’s, both for normal loading & under short circuit conditions. Extruded XLPE cables are increasingly being deployed by utilities like PGCIL for setting up transmission infra. in difficult terrains.

Demand drivers

Overall, the cables & conductors industry has grown ||www.electricalmirror.net||

sig.ly in the past few years with invest’s infused in the power & infra. sectors by Govt. While the cable segment witnessed a positive growth, the conductor segment experienced sluggish demand last year. One of major drivers for the cables & conductors industry is the need for integration of the new renewable based capacity being added to the grid. With the development of large-scale RE plants & solar parks, there is a need to lay down lines in order to connect them to the existing grid. Meanwhile, invest. in the coming years will continue to be driven by the central govt. through schemes such as DDUGJY, IPDS & Saubhagya. Even though the DDUGJY scheme is nearing its target, the focus on household electrification through Saubhagya will continue to sustain the demand in the cables & conductors segment. Further, with most of the states adopting UDAY, the state discoms are expected to improve their T&D infra. through renewed capital expenditure. Apart from the impetus provided by Govt., another key driver for the growth of the cable segment is the shift towards high voltage transmission lines. This demand is essentially driven by the creation of high capacity long distance corridors to deliver electricity to high demand regions & the development of green energy corridors for integrating the increasing share of RE into the grid. Future growth in cable segment is likely to be driven by 132 kV & 400 kV lines. Underground cabling too is gaining increased acceptance among state & central transmission utilities as it provides greater safety against electrocution as compared to overhead cables. Lastly, the increase in govt. infrastructural spending, particularly under Smart Cities Mission, is expected to propel demand in the country & present new opportunities in cables & conductors segment.

Challenges & Outlook

Biggest challenge for players in cables & conductors segment is input price volatility. Major players in the industry use an array of commodities such as steel, zinc, copper & aluminium, & movements in any one of these has a strong bearing on the company’s profit margins. It is thus imperative to develop requisite hedging mechanisms that can deal with these variations. Delay in the execution of projects is another major impediment. Most projects get delayed due to the requirement of multiple clearances & approvals, & the shortage of manpower. Obtaining a RoW clearance is particularly difficult, given the space constraints in cities. Thus, it is imp. for Govt. to develop mechanisms to facilitate a single window clearance for all the players. One issue that is often voiced by some players is that there is a lack of a level playing field in the industry. The tenders released by utilities often specify a pre-qualification criterion pertaining to a particular manufacturing process in the tender that tends to restrict wider participation,

especially from the smaller manufacturers. Lack of standardization of the end product is also a challenge for the sector. The cables & conductors market is largely unorganised, as a result of which several manufacturers do not comply with product guidelines & the end result is an asymmetric product quality. There is hence a need to develop standard guidelines for the industry as a whole. Lastly, the wire & cable segment is dependent on imports from China, the UAE, Russia & Japan, & is thus highly sensitive to exchange rate variations. To sum up, the outlook for the cables & conductors market looks positive owing to the continuing invest’s by Govt. through its various schemes & increasing RE capacity additions. Govt. at the centre has ambitious plans for modernisation of Indian Railways besides expanding the reach of Metro Rails. This is going to be a sig. growth driver for CMI Limited as Indian Railways is its major customer. Govt.’s targets for the power sector are critically dependent on consistent fuel supply (coal as well as gas), better financial health of the SEBs & making PPAs & Integrated Power Protection Systems economically viable. All these factors also affect the capital expenditure program in the power sector. Govt. is making concrete efforts for improving the health of SEBs by bond purchase programs. Similarly, coal & gas sector reforms are the priorities of this Govt. Hence, it is expected that power sector will generate additional demand for various types of cables in coming years. A strong marketing push, backed by intensive brand promotion & multi-media communication strategy will also supplement the efforts of the Company to increase sales of the Company in the coming years. The growth outlook for the economy in general is positive & all round development will act as enabler for the Company & will generate demand in various other sectors like telecommunication, oil & gas, house wires, flexibles, etc.

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Cover Story 2

Inside Transformers: Stamping, Lamination and the CRGO Bottlenecks 34 || MAY 2018 ||

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ransformer Construction

The construction of a simple 2-winding transformer consists of each winding being wound on a separate limb/ core of the soft iron form which provides the necessary magnetic circuit. This magnetic circuit, know more commonly as the “transformer core” is designed to provide a path for the magnetic field to flow around, which is necessary for induction of the voltage b/w the two windings. However, this type of transformer construction were the two windings are wound on separate limbs is not very efficient since the primary & secondary windings are well separated from each other. This results in a low magnetic coupling b/w the two windings as well as large amounts of magnetic flux leakage from the transformer itself. But as well as this “O” shapes construction, there are different types of “transformer construction” & designs available which are used to overcome these inefficiencies producing a smaller more compact transformer. The efficiency of a simple transformer construction can be improved by bringing the two windings within close contact with each other thereby improving the magnetic coupling. Increasing & concentrating the magnetic circuit around the coils may improve the magnetic coupling b/w the two windings, but it also has the effect of increasing the magnetic losses of the transformer core. As well as providing a low reluctance path for the magnetic field, the core is designed to prevent circulating electric currents within the iron core itself. Circulating currents, called “eddy currents”, cause heating & energy losses within the core decreasing the transformers efficiency. These losses are due mainly to voltages induced in the iron circuit, which is constantly being subjected to the alternating magnetic fields setup by the external sinusoidal supply voltage. One way to reduce these unwanted power losses is to construct the transformer core from thin steel laminations. In all types of transformer construction, the central iron core is constructed from of a highly permeable material made from thin silicon steel laminations assembled together to provide the required magnetic path with the minimum of losses. The resistivity of the steel sheet itself is high reducing the eddy current losses by making the laminations very thin. These steel TL’s vary in thickness’s from b/w 0.25mm to 0.5mm & as steel is a conductor, the laminations are electrically insulated from each other by a very thin coating of insulating varnish/ by the use of an oxide layer on the surface. Φ

Primary and Secondary Windings

Magnetic

Core-type Construction

Lines of Flux

Shell-type Construction

Laminated Steel Core

Individual Laminations

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over Story II

Transformer Core Construction

Generally, the name associated with the construction of a transformer is dependent upon how the primary & secondary windings are wound around the central laminated steel core. The two most common & basic designs of transformer construction are the Closed-core Transformer & the Shell-core Transformer. In the “closed-core” type (core form) transformer, the primary & secondary windings are wound outside & surround the core ring. In the “shell type” (shell form) transformer, the primary & secondary windings pass inside the steel magnetic circuit (core) which forms a shell around the windings as shown below. In both types of transformer core design, the magnetic flux linking the primary & secondary windings travels entirely within the core with no loss of magnetic flux through air. In the core type transformer construction, one half of each winding is wrapped around each leg (or limb) of the transformers magnetic circuit as shown above. The coils are not arranged with the primary winding on one leg & the secondary on the other but instead half of the primary winding & half of the secondary 36 || MAY 2018 ||

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winding are placed one over the other concentrically on each leg in order to increase magnetic coupling allowing practically all of the magnetic lines of force go through both the primary & secondary windings at the same time. However, with this type of transformer construction, a small percentage of the magnetic lines of force flow outside of the core, & this is called “leakage flux”. Shell type transformer cores overcome this leakage flux as both the primary & secondary windings are wound on the same centre leg/ limb which has twice the cross-sectional area of the two outer limbs. The advantage here is that the magnetic flux has two closed magnetic paths to flow around external to the coils on both left & right hand sides before returning back to the central coils. This means that the magnetic flux circulating around the outer limbs of this type of transformer construction is equal to Φ/2. As the magnetic flux has a closed path around the coils, this has the advantage of decreasing core losses & increasing overall efficiency.

Transformer Lamination’s

But you may be wondering as to how the primary & secondary windings are wound around these laminated iron/ steel cores for this types of transformer constructions. The coils are firstly wound on a former which has a cylindrical, rectangular/ oval type cross section to suit the construction of the laminated core. In both the shell & core type transformer constructions, in order to mount the coil windings,

the individual laminations are stamped/ punched out from larger steel sheets & formed into strips of thin steel resembling the letters “E’s”, “L’s”, “U’s” & “I’s” as shown below.

Transformer Core Types

These lamination stampings when connected together form the required core shape. For example, two “E” stampings plus 2 end closing “I” stampings to give an E-I core forming one element of a standard shell-type transformer core. These individual laminations are tightly butted together during the transformers construction to reduce the reluctance of the air gap at the joints producing a highly saturated magnetic flux density. Transformer core laminations are usually stacked alternately to each other to produce an overlapping joint with more lamination pairs being added to make up the correct core thickness. This alternate stacking of the laminations also gives the transformer the advantage of reduced flux leakage & iron losses. E-I core laminated transformer construction is mostly used in isolation transformers, step-up & step-down transformers as well as auto transformers.

Transformer Cores ||www.electricalmirror.net||

EV&BATTERY TECH INDIA SUMMIT

Final One Mega Event_Electronic Mirror.indd 2

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over Story II

The insulation used to prevent the conductors shorting together in a transformer is usually a thin layer of varnish/ enamel in air cooled transformers. This thin varnish/ enamel paint is painted onto the wire before it is wound around the core. In larger power & distribution transformers the conductors are insulated from each other using oil impregnated paper/ cloth. The whole core & windings is immersed & sealed in a protective tank containing transformer oil. The transformer oil acts as an insulator & also as a coolant.

Laminating the Iron Core Solid Core

with no laminations high eddy Currents

Laminated Core

with laminations low Eddy Currents

Eddy current losses within a transformer core cannot be eliminated completely, but they can be greatly reduced & controlled by reducing the thickness of the steel core. Instead of having one big solid iron core as the magnetic core material of the transformer/ coil, the magnetic path is split up into many thin pressed steel shapes called “laminations”. The laminations used in a transformer construction are very thin 38 || MAY 2018 ||

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strips of insulated metal joined together to produce a solid but laminated core as we saw above. These laminations are insulated from each other by a coat of varnish/ paper to increase the effective resistivity of the core thereby increasing the overall resistance to limit the flow of the eddy currents. The result of all this insulation is that the unwanted induced eddy current power-loss in the core is greatly reduced, & it is for this reason why the magnetic iron circuit of every transformer & other electro-magnetic machines are all laminated. Using laminations in a transformer construction reduces eddy current losses. The losses of energy, which appears as heat due both to hysteresis & to eddy currents in the magnetic path, is known commonly as “transformer core losses”. Since these losses occur in all magnetic materials as a result of alternating magnetic fields. Transformer core losses are always present in a transformer whenever the primary is energized, even if no load is connected to the secondary winding. Also, these hysteresis & the eddy current losses are sometimes referred to as “transformer iron losses”, as the magnetic flux causing these losses is constant at all loads.

The Indian Power Sector

India’s power generation of installed capacity at the end of FY2014-15 stood at 271.7 GW. Acute fuel shortage (both coal & natural gas), project clearances & delay in commissioning of new units, affected capacity addition plans. Although India has the 5th largest power generation capacity, globally (trailing behind

China, US, Japan & Russia), a power deficit scenario has been plaguing the sector for more than a decade. India’s per capita power consumption of around 1010 kWH per annum (as at the end of FY2014-15) is significantly below the world average of 2,600 kWH & developed countries’ average of 8,000 kWH. India needs to rapidly increase its generation capacity, in order to achieve the goal set by the Ministry of Power – ‘Power for All’ by 2019. Power deficit at the end of the 11th five year plan reached 3.6%, whereas peak deficit was to the tune of 4.7%. Key reasons (apart from missing out on power generation capacity addition targets) for the continued power deficit scenario in the country are: Dismal conditions & inappropriate maintenance of existing T&D equip. / infra. Rampant power theft, leading to high T&D losses (at the end of FY2014-15, T&D losses were to the tune of 20.8%) impacting financial condition of Power T&D utilities. A robust & efficient power T&D infra. is imperative for effective transfer of power from generation source to the consumption points / demand centres. Thus, expanding the T&D infra. to transmit the power generated to consumer points across the length & breadth of the country becomes imperative. Transformers are critical components of the Power T&D network that are used to change voltage in the power transmission & distribution process, & hence play a key role. Transformers can be broadly classified, based on the output rating as: DTs (31.5-5,000 KVA); PTs (5.1- 500 MVA); Special ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Transformers (depending on the type of application like welding, traction, furnace, etc.).

Transformer Industry in India

The Indian transformer industry is more than five decades old, hence mature. Domestic manufacturers have developed capabilities to manufacture all types of equip. to meet the country’s demand for transformers up to 800 kV & going up to 1,200 kV. The industry enjoys a good reputation in terms of quality, price, & delivery in the domestic as well as overseas markets. India’s transformer market is predominantly unorganized with many small participants catering to the smaller distribution transformer markets. However, many are slowly graduating to the medium-sized category, thus expanding the organized participants’ base. There are nearly 300 plus transformer CoS in India, with an overall installed capacity of over 370,000 MVA per annum. The market is fragmented with 20 organized players including Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), ABB Ltd, Crompton Greaves Ltd (CGL), Areva T&D, EMCO Ltd, Bharat Bijlee Ltd (BBL), Vijai Electricals, Transformers & Rectifiers India Limited (TRIL), Voltamp Transformers Ltd. etc. In the power transformers category, CoS in the high-end segment (400 kV & above) mainly include international players such as ABB Ltd, Alstom T&D (erstwhile Areva T&D India), & Siemens; & Indian manufacturers such as BHEL, CGL, TRIL, & Toshiba Transmission & Distribution Systems India (Entity formed by acquisition of Vijai Electricals by Toshiba Corporation, Japan). Majority of other CoS in this sector are present in the 220 kV segment in power & distribution transformers. Leading players have significant presence in both power & distribution transformer market. Apart from catering to domestic demand, India exports transformers to over 100 nations including the US, Europe, Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, African countries, & Gulf countries. India is also an importer of transformers; the major source countries include China, Germany, USA, ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Korea, & Japan. India’s huge power shortage, need to ramp up power T&D infra., economic slowdown of developed markets like Europe & North America & excess transformer manufacturing capacity in China has resulted in India being an attractive destination for transformer CoS globally to tap the Indian market opportunity. Anticipating this, many foreign players are already in the process of setting up base in India. Over the last 18-30 months, new players have entered the market either through acquisitions/ through setting up of facilities within India. A few notable examples are: Canadian company, Hammond Power Solutions Inc. had acquired 70% equity stake in the Hyderabad based transformer supplier Pan-Electro Technic Enterprises Pvt. Ltd in Feb’ 2012. Chinese manufacturer, TBEA has set up transformer manufacturing unit in Gujarat in order to qualify for the bids from PGCIL.

Indian Transformer Market Size

The Transformer market in India can be pegged at more than INR 12,000 Cr.s. Power Transformers contribute 45% of the total market & distribution transformers, 55%. Over the last two years, the market has grown at a very moderate rate at less than 4%, due to the slowdown of power generation capacity addition & T&D infra. expansion. Anticipating the huge domestic & overseas demand, the transformer industry in India has more than doubled its manufacturing capacity over the last five years. Transformer manufacturing capacity in India stands at ~370 GVA with capacity utilization rates hovering around 60-70% on an average over the last 5 years. Transformer over-capacity in Indian market has led to immense pricing pressure scenario severely impacting the profitability of the market players.

Market Drivers

Power Generation Capacity augmentation & Power T&D infra. expansion to be in-line with Power generation capacity addition. According

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High Voltage Breakdown Tester

Micro Ohm Meter 53C

Dual Output DC Regulated Power Supply

LED Test Panel With AC Source

Dealers Enquiries Solicited

CROWN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 69/2A, 2nd Floor, Najafgarh Road Industrial Area, Near Moti Nagar Crossing, New Delhi - 110015 Tel. : +91-11-6450 8649/50, 4501 3465 E-mail : crown_tnm@yahoo.com / tnm.ces@gmail.com

www.crownelectronicsystems.com www.crowntnm.com ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| MAY 2018 || 39

over Story II

to the 12th plan, INR 1200K-1300K Cr.s likely to be invested in the power sector. This spending on the power sector is expected to be equally distributed b/w generation & T&D. Spending on Power T&D infra. is expected to boost demand for transformers. RGGVY scheme to improve rural electricity infra. & rural household electrification. The electrification drive is expected to provide impetus to demand for distribution transformers. Increasing focus on Rural Electrification APDRP 1-2 in order to minimize AT&C losses at the distribution level & improve the financial health of the SEBs. Industrial sector growth. Replacement of ageing equip.. These reforms are expected to significantly affect demand for transformers over the next 4 to 5 years.

Market Challenges

Inadequate supply of prime quality CRGO steel is the biggest challenge faced by transformer manufacturers in the country. CRGO req. is completely met through imports; it is in fact challenging to assess the true quality of the material that is used by the transformer manufacturers in India. India needs 2.5 lakh tons of CRGO every year & an appalling 70% of this is scrap grade material. Failure rate of Transformers – High failure rate of distribution transformers, is a big concern for the transformer industry in India. The average operational life of a transformer is b/w 25-30 years; however, transformers are known to be recalled for repair in as early as three years. The failure rate of distribution transformers in India is estimated at 10-15% (in stark contrast to the less than 2% failure rate in developing countries). This is due to the low entry barriers in the distribution transformer market leading to unorganized players entering the market, & competing on the price factor. SEBs historically follows L1 vendor selection criteria, which has led to proliferation of many small players that compromise on the quality of transformers manufactured. Financial Condition of SEBs - SEBs have been facing losses due to the supply of subsidized power to agricultural farmers, theft of power, & inefficient T&D infra.. This has restricted private investment in the power T&D sector, thereby reducing the quality of service from SEBs. This, in turn, is affecting the capacity building program & transmission of power. Lack of testing facilities – The growth in testing infra. has not kept pace with that of production, both, quantitatively & qualitatively. Testing infra. available at India's premier agency, the CPRI is proving short of demand. Manufacturers of large power transformers at times need to send their equip. for testing to overseas facilities like Korea Electro technology Research Institute (KERI) & KEMA which is expensive. Apart from this, huge logistical costs & lead times are also involved. 40 || MAY 2018 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

CRGO Laminations

The earliest process to manufacture Cold Rolled Grain Oriented Electrical Steel, popularly known as CRGO, was first CRGO Laminations. A debate has been triggered by the decision of some SEBs decision to specify as a tender condition that Transformer manufacturers (TMs) should have their own TL manufacturing facility. SEBs are now imposing tender conditions to the effect that ‘ONLY those Transformer Manufacturers who have their own core cutting facility would be eligible to participate in the tender’. This move is to prevent the use of Secondary/ Defective & old & used CRGO Silicon Electrical Steel in Transformers which supposedly leads results in the failure of Transformers. It is henceforth necessary to analyze whether, this condition suggested by some TMs who have their own core cutting facility would lead to better quality of Transformers being manufactured is valid. An in-house core cutting facility automatically leads to better quality of TL’s. Importance of TL on Transformers is evident from the name the component has been given by the Transformer industry i.e. the core, the heart of every Transformer. Failures in Transformers due to magnetic core/ circuit can be due to various reasons like failure of insulation b/w Laminations & of the insulation b/w the yoke & the yoke bolts producing large eddy currents, generating considerable amount of heat. Burrs developed during manufacture resulting in local short circuits, eddy currents & consequently abnormal heating occurring. Presence of metallic fillings/ turnings present b/w the Laminations are liable to produce local eddy currents & excessive heating of the core. Abnormal gaps left b/w the cores & the yoke would result in severe eddy currents & burning of the cores & yoke in the vicinity of the gaps. In older Transformers ageing of the core plates may take place & result in increase of iron loss & rise in temp. of the Transformer which may result in partial/ complete destruction of the coil insulation & sludging of the coil. Can these reasons for failure could be definitely avoided if the producers of Transformers were to manufacture the TL’s in-house instead of outsourcing? (weak insulation) & ( old & used Laminations) are related to the quality of raw material used & hence if the Laminations are made from inferior quality of CRGO material then there is a possibility that these reasons would be applicable. However a TM with an in-house facility to produce Lamination is as prone to usage of inferior quality of raw material (to save on material costs) as a TM who out sources this activity. The counter argument here maybe that a TM who buys from outside may not be aware of the quality of raw material used by the manufacturer of Laminations, who may purposely use inferior quality of raw material without informing the TM. However

if the TM has an inward material receipt inspection system, this fact would certainly be brought to notice & the TM must take appropriate action. If the TM does not have an inward material inspection system then not much can be said about that TM's quality of Transformer, in any case. (Burrs in cutting) & (turnings/ steel residue b/w Laminations) & (gaps b/w yoke & core plates) are precisely the reason why the activity of manufacturing Laminations should be outsourced & not done in-house. This is because, manufacturing of Laminations though a seemingly simple job of shearing, cutting & notching, is in reality a high precision, high accuracy job. The thickness of the sheet being handled & cut is only 0.23-0.35 mm/ 230-350 microns. Also the sheet should not be bent, dented/ damaged during handling as this directly affects the core loss & the magnetic property of the resultant core. The dimensional accuracies in terms of length, breadth & angles (45/ 90 degrees) have to be within the tolerance, the V- Notch in the yoke has to be precisely done so as to accommodate yokes without airgaps, holes have to be accurately punched so that clearances of bolts are adequate, the slitting has to be perfect to avoid camber & variation, the burrs have to be within the specified tolerance. These are just some of the parameters to be controlled during the manufacture of TL’s. A TM, whose main production activity & expertise is in manufacture of Transformers &/ electrical equip.’s would not only have to be aware of nuances of the manufacture of TL’s but also develop expertise to implement these checks & controls. A Quality conscious manufacturer of TL’s would certainly be aware of all these aspects & developed the requisite expertise for production control of these crucial parameters. Further a Quality conscious manufacturer of TL would also have the trace ability of the materials used & hence it would be possible to check at any time from production records maintained the raw material used. Thirdly from an economic standpoint it is never competitive to manufacture components of any equip. in-house. Transformer industry is comparable to any assembled product manufacturing industry like automobile industry/ computer hardware industry. Very few components of the assembled products are manufactured by OEM themselves. Almost all the major components as well as minor components are outsourced to vendors as it is acknowledged that a reliable, quality conscious manufacturer of components would be in a position to supply better quality of components at a very competitive price. Hence many OEMs work closely with their vendors to develop their manufacturing as well as managerial capabilities. Reason for this is economic as well as managerial. Economic reason is that a component manufacturer, like a manufacturer of Laminations would have better ||www.electricalmirror.net||

economies of scale in procurement of raw material as well as better management of inventories. As an e.g. consider, a TM who manufactures Power Transformers Upto 50 MVA would typically have a req. of a large quantity of say 500-600 mm width of CRGO coils for manufacturing of their core. Now CRGO producing mills produce CRGO coils in the width ranging from 863-1000 mm. If the TM were to manufacture core in-house, they would have to keep in stock balance left over coils generated after the use of the larger widths by them. These left over coils would then have to be disposed at a far lesser price than cost of raw material to manufacturers of either TL’s/ Transformers who would have some use for them. Alternatively, the TM would have to hold the material in stock as till the time that they have some order where the same could be utilized. As the TM is basically a Power Transformer manufacturer it would be very difficult for them to utilize this material/ they may be forced to take some orders for a lower rating at a lower price just to utilize this left over material. Further CRGO comes in at least 15 different grades with different core losses & thicknesses. Expecting a TM to stock all/ most of these grades also makes no

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economic sense. A Lamination manufacturer whose business it is to manufacture Laminations is in a much better position to forecast the stock req. & stock the same for supply on time. From personal experience we find that our customers give us their monthly production planning & operate on Just in time inventory as far as the Lamination req. goes. This enables them to plan their working capital in a much better way & also improves the overall efficiency of their operations. Of course from an economic standpoint, the cost of the above in-built inefficiencies in in-house manufacturing by TMs would be loaded on to the final selling price of the Transformer that the TM produces. So the SEB would be forced to buy at a higher price from a TM who has an in-house facility to manufacture Laminations if they insist on the in-house manufacturing condition. From a managerial standpoint the Law of Focus on your core competencies needs no elaboration. A Quality conscious Lamination manufacturer, would definitely be able to manage the manufacturing operations, the wastages & reduce the inefficiencies far better than a TM can. This is because a Quality conscious Lamination manufacturer would know the

business & hence better placed to run a leaner outfit producing at a lower cost than a manufacturer of electrical equip’s. In a competitive environment, this would translate to a more economically price of TL’s & ultimately more economical Transformers. However the problem of SEB’s & TMs maybe that there aren't that many Quality conscious TL manufacturers. Problem would also be compounded by the large influx of secondary, defective & old & used CRGO material into the country which is then reused in new Transformers, thereby leading to the problems enumerated at the beginning. The solution is twofold: Ensure that the Lamination manufacturers that the TMs buy from are approved by the SEBs,/ are accredited by some international recognized certification body like ISO 9000 etc. to ensure that a minimum quality parameters & tolerances are maintained. The TMs, SEBs & the Quality conscious Lamination manufacturers jointly take up the issue of restricting the imports of secondary , defective & old & used discarded Laminations in the country in the interest of the nation & also to ensure that these materials are not used in the manufacture of Transformers. In conclusion it can be said that, expecting better quality of Transformers by simply stipulating a tender condition requiring TMs

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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over Story II

to have an in-house core cutting facility is naive & counterproductive economically as explained above.

The CRGO bottlenecks

Long overdue demand of transformer Industry to govt. is to pursue CoS like SAIL/ Tata to set up manufacturing plant in India which would save considerable FOREX outflow. Indian power transformer market is set to grow at a CAGR of 14% b/w 2013 & 2018. However, challenges are many. Indian steel producers should be forced to set up CRGO plant to meet the demand. India is known to be an active supplier of transformers to nations worldwide. India has always been an exporter of transformers & this avenue is set to become even more lucrative in the coming years. Exports from India are diverse including PTs, DTs & even special purpose transformers. It is estimated that around 15% of India’s production of PTs is destined for international markets. With India proving its technological edge by producing even 1200kV transformers, surpassing global standards, the country has a very bright future. It is not only developing African & Central Asian economies that are importing from India; India-made transformers are even finding their way in developed markets like USA, UK, Canada, South Africa etc. India has been net exporter of transformers till now. Several of international players who already have base in India are looking forward to making their Indian setups as manufacturing base for supplying to other countries. Indian transformer industry is gradually gaining prominence in developed markets on the basis of its quality & pricing. The domestic transformer industry has the potential of becoming the manufacturing/ sourcing hub for the supply of transformers in foreign markets. The market is highly fragmented with a 42 || MAY 2018 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

large no. of small & medium enterprises involved in the manufacturing processes, & is dominated by organised players. Domestic manufacturing industry is fairly well established with manufacturers having capabilities to develop all type of transformers up to the 800 kV & 1,200 kV levels. The industry also exports to several countries including the US, South Africa, Cyprus, Syria & Iraq, apart from Europe. Indian transformer industry is currently exporting about 10% of their production. If this additional exports share continues at 8-10% level, it may only add 2% to CAGR growth. Hence, increasing the export market basket/ share is important for a substantial growth i.e. to align with mission plan objective – ‘go global’. Indian transformer industry is one of the oldest manufacturing segments in the country & is broadly categorized in to power & distribution transformers. The technology used is contemporary & two types of core materials are generally used. CRGO forms the major chunk of core material while amorphous metals used by limited numbers of manufacturers as core material but the usage is increasing. The large transformer segment is dominated by multinationals & large sized Indian CoS as capital req. is high due to high level of technology & sophisticated manufacturing & testing facilities. DT segment is concentrated with small scale sector. The industry is currently operating at about 60% capacity as the govt. projected demand has not materialized fully. However, more & more players are entering this segment. The industry witnessed large level of imports from countries like China, Korea etc. The transformer market in India has been in a healthy state for quite some years now. The market is further expected to witness healthy growth rates & stimulating demand for the coming years. The

initiatives undertaken by the Indian govt. along with the need of replacement of transformers installed in the earlier years is expected to drive growth in the Indian transformers market. As a result of increased govt. spending on electrification & rising power demands, the electrical equip. manufacturers are likely to get benefitted. Programmes such as RGGVY & R-APDRP are bolstering the demand for electrical equip. such as switchgears, conductors, capacitors & transformers. Transformers being used in generation, transmission as well as distribution network have experienced healthy growth over the last few years & the market is further set to rise as a result of increased govt.al focus towards rural electrification. RGGVY has a programme to electrify 1.15 lakh un-electrified villages & providing free electricity connections to 2.34 Cr. BPL household wherein GoI will provide funds to the tune of 90% of the project cost as grant while the remaining 10% will be provided by the REC as loan. So far, 562 projects have been sanctioned at total cost of Rs. 265 bn of which Rs. 135 bn has been spent for providing 6.35 mn rural household electricity connections for electrifying villages. For this scheme, lakhs of small transformers are required to be manufactured for which the Indian industry is adequately equipped. If we will talk about China, yes, it is in our knowledge that some Chinese PT manufacturers are setting up their units in India. This will definitely give impetus to Indian manufacturers to enhance their production capacity with the best & latest technologies, so as to give competition to the Chinese & other manufacturers in the world due to open economy at global level. A few players also said that there are players entering India from China which is one of the reasons why ||www.electricalmirror.net||

the industry is feeling the heat. We are not denying that Indian transformer industry consistently facing tough competition from the Chinese manufacturers. In addition, cheaper imports from China & Korea have majorly impacted the industry. Our margins have drastically gone down due to steep competition. According to reports, China manufactured products are much cheaper & are technologically advanced. This has a bigger direct impact on small & medium sized transformer manufacturer. However, keeping in mind the stronger electrification drive which is happening in India, players said that the industry will be able to overcome the main issues & maintain a healthy growth rate. Under international trade law, remedies are available for govt.s that intend to take action against imports which are causing injury to their local industries. In addition, the govt. need to conduct research through R&D schemes as well as priorities the promotion of domestic brands. It must always weigh the economic benefits of allowing cheap imports against their negative effects. For instance, where domestic markets are struggling, it is prudent to allow cheap imported goods. This will not only ensure the availability of necessary goods that Chinese imports can offer, but also offers necessary competition for the benefit of consumers. It is crucial, however, that govt.s simultaneously take advantage of technology transfer agreements in order to benefit from the technical know-how & skills from China necessary to efficiently develop & run the ailing industries. In this way, trade with China will add real economic value. Indian transformer industry continues to face tough competition from the Chinese manufacturers. However, with the continuous support from the govt. to promote the power transformer industry through investments, tax benefits, subsidies etc. will help the industry to grow over the coming years. The most important recommendations to the govt. would be: Indian steel producers such as SAIL, JSW, Tata, Mittal group etc. should be forced to set up CRGO plant as the demand is about 3 lakh tonnes per year, with lot of scope for export. Excellent testing facilities should be created as at present EHV/UHV transformers have to be sent abroad for type testing. However one test lab for UHV is being established in Bina which needs to be expedited. Such more labs are required in northern & northern eastern zone. The transformer industry in India has evolved & now has a well-matured technology base up to 800 KV class. India has a field-proven technology & capacity to manufacture a wide range of power transformers, distribution transformers & other types of special transformers for welding, traction, furnace etc. Today, about 95% of the transformers installed in the Indian Power Network are of indigenous origin. Energy efficient transformer with low losses & low ||www.electricalmirror.net||

noise levels can be manufactured in India to meet international req.s. India has a good & sound base of over 700 industries & has total transformer manufacturing capacity of 1,000 GVA sufficient for domestic & export market. The present net worth of industry is about Rs. 12,500 Cr.s & had planned to add 100,000 MW in the 12th Plan period which resulted in annual market of Rs.15,000 Cr.s for transformer industry. Indian transformer industry is facing some key challenges, which restrict it from growing of its full potential & targets. Some of these challenges include: One of the major concerns for the industry is the growing imports from China & South Korea. As per estimates, the Chinese manufacturersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; share in Indian electrical equip. imports has increased. The absence of a level playing field for the domestic industry poses a major threat to local manufacturers. Inadequate testing facilities, especially for high voltage electrical equip., Dependence of some sub-sectors on import of critical inputs, CRGO, which is one of the major raw materials for transformers, is not being manufactured in India. Long overdue demand of transformer Industry to govt. is to pursue CoS like SAIL/ Tata to set up manufacturing plant in India which would save considerable FOREX outflow. Delay in release of payments by power utilities adversely effects top line & bottom line of the industry. Low investment in R&D & no structured long-term approach for basic research. Lack of standardization of product specification, design parameters & ratings for generation & distribution equip. across different utilities. Bouncing of orders by utilities, because of factors beyond their control such as govt. approvals, release of funds etc. Outdated tendering procedures & contract awarding based on L1 bidder by utilities. Unavailability & cost of power project funding. With new govt. taking over under leadership of Narendra Modi, we are all expecting that country shall be on a growth trajectory & power sector in specific, would be one of the prime beneficiaries in view to fulfil peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s aspirations for round the clock supply & act as a catalyst to promote industry & agriculture output to stimulate growth. It is expected & desired in due earnest that above indicators will change drastically. Domestic demand: to sustain the envisaged annual GDP growth rate of around 8-9% over the next 20

years, it has been estimated that India will required to increase its electricity generation capacity by around five times by 2032. Rapid growth in metros, airports & others infra. projects is expected to generate huge demand for matching transformers & equip.. External demand: currently, share of Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s exports in the global market is about 1%. With the electricity sector being a sunrise sector across the entire developing world, there exists a significant export potential for the domestic industry. Increasing emphasis on power & infra. Sector by the GoI, there is a huge potential for the contractor for the coming years in this sector.

Way Forward

India is on the verge of becoming an emerging power nation among developing economies. The availability of electricity is directly linked to the GDP growth of developing economies, India being no exception. Growth of Indian electrical industry & its investment appeal primarily depends on govt. policies. Timely capacity additions to electricity generation, T&D are necessary to improve & sustain GDP growth & reduce the electricity demand-supply gap. The Indian power & distribution transformer markets are highly dependent on investments planned by the GoI for the T&D segment & reform programs like RAPDRP & RGGVY. These programs, when fully implemented as scheduled, are expected to drive the demand for both power & distribution transformers. GoI currently plans to strengthen transmission lines & create a National Grid interconnecting the 5 regions (NR, SR, ER, WR, NER) through creation of Transmission Super Highways & is expected to drive demand for higher-rated PTs. With T&D CoS actively striving to reduce AT&C losses, demand for energy-efficient transformers would get a boost. With huge investments proposed across sectors such as power, infra., transformers market in India is slated for strong growth. Excess capacity in Transformer industry in India, & entry of new players is expected to increase market competitiveness. Market consolidation over next few years is inevitable. ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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ase Study of The Month

VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUBSTATION Contdâ&#x20AC;Ś.

Er P.K.Pattanaik, is presently working with OPTCL as Dy. General Manager (Elect) in E & MR Division, Bhubaneswar- Odisha and associated with the Protection and Control schemes of Electrical systems. He is having 25 years of technical experience in Designing, Testing and Commissioning of Protection Control and operational Schemes, project Implementation, co-ordination, operations & maintenance of Electrical Equipments at various LT/ HT/ EHT level Grid Sub- Stations. He has also published around 70 technical papers in different national/international seminars/journals. ele.pkpattanaik@optcl.co.in

1. Introduction: For the last few months, the response of the readers to the

4. The measurement has been taken with the digital meter on same range. 5. The transformer was not having any problem, so such readings were treated as the abnormal value. 6. It was suspected of the DC winding resistance measurement being taken before of the magnetic balance test. But on inquiry it was confirmed that no such measurement had been taken. So this doubt of DC measurement was ruled out. 7. On detail checking it was observed with the connection of cables on the 33kV side. 8. The test was getting conducted on application of voltage on the terminals along with cables. 9. So it was decided to remove the cables and then testing of magnetic balance was taken again. 10. This time the results were found NORMAL as follows.

case studies on various incidents is overwhelming. Hence this month we are again choosing the write up on similar kind of studies for developing the synchronisation of practical observation to the theoretical concepts. The analysis of each incident being supported by actual observations had been described during the situation to add awareness amongst the operation, testing and commissioning engineers to know the cause of problems and be helpful for easy rectification of the problems. This can also help to develop economic schemes for the smooth running of the operation and control system in the Grid Sub-Station.

2.1: Abnormal reading on Magnetic Balance Test: One of the 33/11 KV Î&#x201D;

-Y type transformer during magnetic balance test on 33 KV side, it was found with abnormal reading.

Observations:

1. During routine test of a 8MVA, 33/11 KV distribution transformer, the magnetic balance was conducted. 2. The results as obtained on 33 KV side are as follows.

Applied Voltage Measured voltage in volt

Remark

435

274

267

Voltage (YB+BR= 574 volt) more than the applied voltage of 435 Volt

197

436

242

This is normal and matching the summation

104

465

435

1. Voltage (RY+YB= 569volt) more than the applied voltage of 435 Volt. 2. Even YB voltage is more than the applied voltage

3. The result was repeated and found with the result of similar pattern.

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Applied Voltage

Measured voltage in volt

Remark

435

322

124

197

436

242

106

331

435

Analysis:

As per geometry of the core and winding connection, for the delta connected transformer, the magnetic balance results used to come as the values mentioned in the following table. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Voltage

RY in %

YB in %

BR in %

100

75~80

20~25

45~55

100

45~55

20~25

75~80

100

The testing as conducted along with the cables in connection, the capacitance effect of the HV cable was causing the measurement of voltage more than the supply voltage. So on removal of the same, the results such obtained were found in order.

Recommendation: While doing the magnetic balance test on application of

voltage to one winding and measurement on the others, followings are to be taken care. 1. DC winding measurement should not be done prior to the magnetic balance test. 2. The supply HT cables should be removed from the transformer and testing to be conducted only with the transformer. 3. During testing use similar voltmeters on each of the three windings. 4. In case of doing these points, if any abnormal recording comes then use LT incandescent bulbs( filament bulbs) across the winding and take the measurement for confirmation of the value.

2.2.: Tripping of all transformers on differential relay: At one of the 132/33 KV grid sub-station all the transformers connected to the 132 KV BUS were tripped on differential relay due to the close-in fault occurrence on one of the 132 KV out-going feeder.

Observation and Analysis:

1. At this grid sub-station, there were three transformers of 63.5 MVA of 132/33 KV with similar % impedance had been connected to the system. 2. There had been a fault on the 132 KV out-going line. This line was not having DP (Distance protection relays. 3. This line was connected with Directional Electromagnetic Backup relay of 2 OC+1 EF Feature. 4. The voltage input to the relay was from the LINE PT supply. The open delta voltage was fed to the EF element from the physical derived OPEN delta from secondary winding of the PT supply. 5. On the day of fault occurrence, it was observed with Non-actuation of the Directional EF relay. 132KV I/C

CT 132KV BUS

CT 33KV BUS

Fig. 2.2.1 ||www.electricalmirror.net||

2.3 Abnormal tripping of one 220 KV line: One of the 220 KV transmission line was resulting with abnormal tripping for the fault on the adjacent line. Stn -C

Stn -B

Stn -A 1

2 47KM

23KM

6.6 Km

Observations:

1. The fault was resulting between Station A and B. 2. This system was being connected with source at Station A, Station B and Station C. 3. During fault occurrence, it was found with tripping of Station A and Station B relay with DP (Distance protection) as Station A on Zone-2, Station B on Zone-1. 4. But matter of surprise that at Station C, the DP relay was actuating on Zone-1 and resulting the tripping of the line and total system. 5. The relay at Station B (Relay -3) was not causing any fault initiation. 6. The detail relay settings were down loaded and analysis was done.

Analysis:

PTR CT

6. The reason of non-actuation was analysed and found with blowing out of the fuse at the panel. 7. So the EF relay did not operate. 8. In this relay there was no Y phase element and the occurrence of the fault was on Y phase to Ground. 9. Now due to non-operation of the relay, the fault got reflected as the bus fault. 10. So in this condition, the relay on the remote side of the 132 KV I/C was supposed to operate and clear the fault on DP relay with Zone-2 actuation. 11. Under no circumstances, the differential relays on the transformers to cause tripping. 12. Because the fault as occurred is of out of the zone and no source is available on the 33 KV side. 13. The event occurrence on these relays were checked and found with tripping of all the transformers on Y phase differential feature. 14. The differential current was also checked along with restraint value and found with over the limit of differential value and fault occurrence in the tripping zone. 15. The setting of the relays were checked and found with the problem on the setting of the relays on ZERO-SEQUENCE COMPENSATION feature. 16. This feature was not enabled. 17. All the relays were tested on enabling the ZERO-SEQUENCE COMPENSATION feature and allowed the scheme in the circuit. 18. Then onwards this situation of external zone tripping got avoided.

1. It was observed with the setting of the relay at Station â&#x20AC;&#x201C;C on distance being 70 Kms. 2. On inquiry regarding the wrong distance setting the operator at the station C narrated that during charging of this line, Station B had not been existed and the line was between Station A and Station C. 3. Subsequently the station C was connected to the system, considering the line as LILO (Loop In Loop Out). 4. So the new distance of 23 Kms was supposed to be entered in the relay ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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ase Study of The Month

5. 6.

7. 8.

in consideration with the protection wing. Now due to over length setting during the occurrence of fault, the relay at Station â&#x20AC;&#x201C;C shall record the fault as ZONE-1. Because the fault distance in this incident is 29.6 Km (23+ 6.6 Km) being within the Zone1 reach. So it was also tripping simultaneously along with other relays at other station as described. The actual distance of 23 Km was set in the relay at Station C. Then onwards, fault had also been occurred, but the tripping of the dedicated line was only resulting instead of abnormal tripping.

current flow resulted but the relay did not trip as expected. 132KV I/C CT

CT 132KV BUS

CT PTR

2.4. Non-Tripping of the Relay during charging of the Feeder: During

charging of one of the 33KV feeder, the relay on this feeder did not actuate and resulted the tripping of the incomer of the system.

33KV BUS

Observations:

1. At one of the 132/33KV Grid Sub-station, due to fault occurrence on the line, 33 KV out-going feeder tripped successfully. On repeated charging the re-tripping resulted for which the line was declared faulty and LC was issued for fault detection. 2. After patrolling the line casually, the line staff asked for charging the line to the system after 1 day of shut-down. 3. This time the relay on this feeder did not actuate and resulted with the tripping of the 33 KV incomer. 4. The non-tripping of the relay was analyzed on its setting and gradation in comparison to the incomer relay setting. The settings were found in order and well within the discrimination zone. 5. However for keeping the system emergency and on request of the line patrolling staffs, one more attempt was taken and this time, the feeder relay tripped successfully. 6. However because of repeated tripping, the line was declared faulty and issued LC( Line Clear ) for further patrolling. 7. This time detail testing of the relay was done. But no abnormality was found on the feeder protected relay. 8. But one more observation was found by the testing engineer on one of the relay during annual testing program of this electromechanical relay. 9. The test engineer, while testing the relay of one of the spare feeder relay, it was observed with non-operation of the relay during first attempt of testing from the kit. 10. The observation was like this: By mistake during the first attempt of injection from the kit, it was injected with setting from the kit of higher value than that of the setting. While making ON of the kit and sudden

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ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

Fig. 2.4.1

11. Then next attempt was taken on usual current injection and testing, it was found with correct relay operation. 12. On verification of the relay feature, it was found that the relay was of SELF POWERED type. 13. This type of self-powered relay requires minimum of 8 to 10 % of current on the CT circuit coil to cause development of required DC voltage to cause rotation of the disc after excitation of Capacitor circuit in the relay. 14. If the relay remains idle for a long time, then during next current flow the DC development may or may not result and failing of which the relay may not cause actuate to the first range of current. 15. Due to this peculiar behavior of the self-powered activated circuit, the relay on the faulty feeder, when attempted of charging after shut down of 1 day did not actuate and resulted the tripping of the incomer system. 16. But on the second attempt, successful tripping resulted as because of the first charging had been done, causing the activation of the capacitor circuit.

Action Taken:

1. This self-powered relays in all the out-going feeders were replaced by the auxiliary powered relay. 2. After replacement, this nature of non-tripping was avoided.

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1 Introduction: During the end days of July 2012 i.e. on 30-31st, there had been a severe Power System disturbance in India. On 30th at 02.33 hrs, the Northern Region was collapsed with a disturbance of load of around 36,000 MW. On 31st July, the disturbance was rather severe and on this day Northern, Eastern and North-Eastern regional grids were collapsed with a disturbance of load of about 48,000 MW. On both of the days, few pockets were only survived from black out due to successful functioning of islanding schemes. 1.1. Factors that led to the initiation of the Grid Disturbance a. Weak Inter-regional Corridors due to multiple outages (WR-NR interface ) b. Over drawal on the only available vital link 400 kV Bina-Gwalior-Agra (one circuit) between WR-NR interface. c. Inadequate response by SLDCs to the instructions of RLDCs for the proper load and supply management. d. Final tripping of 400 kV Bina-Gwalior line on Zone 3 due to load encroachment caused the NR system to separate from the WR and system disturbance. 1.2. Recommendations of the Committee a. Review and audit of the Protection Systems b. Review of the present UI mechanism with Frequency Control through Generation reserves/Ancillary services. c. Primary response from generators and operation of defense mechanisms, with Special Protection Schemes. d. Review of Total Transfer Capability (TTC) procedure such that under any significant change in system conditions, real time congestion could be managed. e. Coordinated outage planning of transmission elements from the system. f. Installation of adequate static and dynamic reactive power compensators to avoid tripping of system due to voltage issue. g. Penal provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003 for better co-ordination between Load Dispatch Centers and Central Commission. 1.3. OUR SPECIAL RECOMMENDATIONS a. Adoption and deployment of DER (Distributed Energy Resources) through Renewable Energy. b. Development and integration of MICROGRIDs with Main Grids c. Enact National Renewable Energy Standard/ Policy to ease the permitting process and to provide start up capital to promote exponential growth of renewable energy. d. Acceleration of LOCAL DEMAND for renewable energy by providing preferable Feed â&#x20AC;&#x201C;in â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Tariff (FIT) and other incentives. e. Special Attention for making India as a GLOBAL SOLAR MANUFACTURING HUB). f. Quick adoption of SMART GRID for Demand Side Control. 2. Review of the Black Out Incidents 2.1 Analysis on 30th July On this day the NEW grid was operating in an insecure condition due to outage of major lines in between WR-NR interface. Even few hours

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before to the disturbance some other important lines were also tripped, causing further aggrieved condition. a. 220 kV Badod(WR)-Modak(NR) b. 220 kV Badod (WR)-Kota (NR) c. 220 kV Gwalior-Mahalgaon ckt 2 (in WR but near WR-NR interface) d. 220 kV Gwalior (PG)-Gwalior (MP) (in WR but near WR-NR interface causing only 220 kV Gwalior-Malanpur as only 220 kV NR-WR interconnection, and 220 kV Bina-Gwalior was no longer in parallel with 400 kV Gwalior-Bina. 1. This condition of major outage of lines was terminating with a depleted transmission network even though the frequency of the NEW grid (49.68 Hz) was near to its nominal value (50 Hz). 2. The load on the important interface lines (WR-NR) was carrying the load of 1055 MW on 400 KV Gwalior- Agra Line, 369 MW on 400 KV Zerda-Binmal line, and 1450 MW on Gwalior-Bina Line ( Indirect effect and link WR-WR ) 3. The load shedding on NR and ramping down of generators on WR were instructed by the respective LDC. But the effect was not significant in the corresponding region. 4. The 400 KV Gwalior-Bina (WR-WR link) line tripped on Zone 3 (load encroachment issue of current being high with voltage low). 5. The supply to NR through 400 Kv Agra-Gwalior link was lost. So the 400 kV Zerda-Bhinmal line with 220 KV Bhinmal-Sanchore and Dhaurimanna on down link remained as the only AC tie link between WR-NR. But 50 || MAY 2018 ||

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due to Power swing and other effects, the down links, 220 kV Bhinmalâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Sanchore and 220 kV Bhinmal-Dhaurimanna line tripped and resulted with the loss of the WR-NR tie links. 6. Because of the loss of WR-NR links, the power from WR to NR now routed the long path via WR-ER-NR interface. Due to large power flow the 400 kV Jamshedpur-Rourkela double circuit (in ER) tripped on Zone 3. 7. Now the effect of voltage and frequency variation resulted the loss of synchronism in the Nortern zone and subsequent outage of healthy lines between ER and NR. So some 400KV ties tripped (BiharSharif-Balia, Muzzafarpur-Gorakhpur, Patna-Balia, and Sasaram-Balia) . 8. The NR system was thereby isolated from the rest of the grid. In the NR system, there was loss of about 5800 MW import and resulted in decline of frequency. But the available Automatic Under Frequency Load Shedding Schemes (AUFLS), did not respond properly and caused the total black out of the Northern Region except for a few pockets at Badarpur and NAPS. 9. With the separation of NR from the rest of the grid, the ER+WR+NER grid , the imbalance of about 5800 MW caused the rise of frequency up to stable value of 50.6 Hz and simultaneous tripping of few generators managed the load generation balance and the rest of NEW grid got survived.

2.2. Analysis on 31st July The second incident occurred at 13.00 hours on 31.7.2012, which was more severe than the previous

one, leading to loss of power supply in three regions of the country viz. Northern Region, Eastern Region and North Eastern Region. The total load of about 48,000 MW was affected in this black out. Islands comprising of NAPS, Anta GPS, Dadri GPS and Faridabad in Northern Region, Ib TPS / Sterite, Bokaro steel and CESC survived in Eastern Region. The following lines were under out of circuit few hours before the disturbance a. 400 kV Zerda-Bhinmal b. 400 kV Zerda- Kankroli c. 220 kV Badod-Modak d. 220 kV Badod-Kota 1. Similar to the incident on 30th July, on this day, the network system was also under depleted condition with few inter-regional links of networks. 2. Just prior to the initiation of the major disturbance, NR-WR was connected through AC tie links of 400 kV Agra-Gwalior (one circuit), 220 kV Badod-Kota and 220 kV Badod-Modak lines. 3. At around 12.58 Hrs, 220 kV Badod-Modak and Badod-Kota lines tripped due to overdrawal condition. The reason of over load was due to the tripping of the Suratgarh generating unit-1 of 250 MW at about 12:50 hours in Rajasthan. 4. Then at about 13:00:13 hrs, 400kV Bina-Gwalior-I line (WR-WR Link) tripped on zone-3 protection, due to load encroachment. This situation led to the isolation of the Gwalior region from WR and formed the part of the NR system. 5. The NR system was isolated from the WR ||www.electricalmirror.net||

system similar to the case in 30th July and load got routed through WR-ER-NR systems. 6. This time the electrical center of the angular separation appears to be slightly inside the ER system from the WR-ER interface. This resulted in tripping of lines connecting unlike Ranchi and Rourkela to the rest of the ER. These buses formed part of the WR, which got separated from the rest of ER+NR+NER at about 13:00:20 hrs. 7. Further the loss of import of about 3000 MW from WR and improper action of Automatic Under Frequency Load Shedding Scheme (AUFLS), few generators and load links tripped and resulted in imbalance of the SUPPLY and DEMAND in the system. 8. Subsequently, due to large angular oscillations and un-balance in system frequency and voltage parameters, a large number of tripping resulted in the NR, ER and NR-ER links. 9. Due to isolation of links from WR and subsequently from ER, the NR system collapsed and entered into BLACK OUT. Similarly the ER load links tripped, resulting with isolation from WR+ NER and final Black out of ER, leaving behind a pocket of Islanding System. The NER also suffered from the similar condition and final Black out of the region. 10. The WR system survived with the tripping of Sipat 660MW, DSPM 2*250 MW, ESSAR 125 MW and KLTPS 69 MW generating units. APL 660 MW generating unit tripped on Special Protection Scheme, associated with tripping of Adani-Manindragarh HVDC and frequency stabilized at around 51 Hz.

2.3. Remarks on the System Disturbance With detail study and analysis of the system disturbance for both of the days, it can be concluded with the fact that the initiation/origin of the disturbance starts from the root level of the system mismatch between DEMAND and SUPPLY at the local power hubs. The load on the important links becomes above the allowable margin due to major outage of the inter-connected links, over drawal of command area load at the inter-connected Grid Sub-Stations or rise of the generation (Supply System). On 30th July, load on the important links was high due to outage of the major inter-connected links and the condition again deteriorated due to extra load drawal by the inter-connected Grid Sub-Stations at 400 KV Agra Power Hub. The 400 KV Bina –Gwalior line tripped on Zone 3 (Load encroachment Condition) with subsequent major disturbance of the system. The root cause of extra load drawal is due to the imbalance/mismatch of the LOAD and DEMAND at the Power Hubs. Similarly on 31st July, the depleted condition was prevailing in the system due to outage of major links. But over load tripping of 220 KV links between Badod-Modak and Badod–Kota, resulted the load rise on the 400KV Gwalior-Bina line. Subsequent tripping of 400KV line initiates the cascade tripping and final collapse of the three regions. In this condition the root cause is again the imbalance/mismatch of the LOAD and DEMAND at the Power Hubs like 220 KV Badod, Modak and Kota.

LADR monitors the change of electrical parameters on the system, specially the dI/dt factor with corresponding response of voltage and frequency factor. Accordingly the relay is set with certain pre-decided programmes as per the critical study of the load flow during abnormal condition. So during such condition, the pre-defined target loads or generators are cut down accordingly to result the balancing of the demand and supply, for which the possible situation of system disturbance gets avoided. This control of LOAD and SUPPLY gets managed at the local power centers and avoids the cascade effect on inter- regional stations. The effect of 30th and 31st July-12 in India could have been avoided if the major power hubs would have been installed with LADR for controlling the difference between SUPPLY and DEMAND

2.4.2. Advance embedded Concept with WAMs. ( Regional Power Control) By the concept of LADR at the local Power hubs, the matching of SUPPLY and DEMAND could be achieved for which the subsequent tripping of the interconnected lines could be avoided. This concept controls at the root level of Power transaction and for instances if required the same could also be embedded with SPS (Special Protection Scheme) and islanding system to develop the feasible and workable logic according to the practical need of the system. But sometimes the disturbance/ outage of inter-regional networks play the role of angular deviation between two inter-connected systems. The PMU (Phasor Monitoring Unit), installed on these systems decide the quantum of Loads/Demands and Generators/Supplies, need to be controlled. These PMUs are monitored by satellite links and decision of DEMAND or SUPPLY cut-off at large practice from the regions could be taken by NLDC with subsequent command to the respective RLDC for necessary action. This system is called WAMs (Wide Area Monitoring System). LADR could also be communicated at root level to the central PMU for corrective action at large.

2.5. LONG TERM SOLUTIONS 2.5.1. Integration of Distributed Generation ( DG) Decentralized renewable DG sources like Solar, Wind, Hydro, Bio-mass, Geothermal, Hydrogen energy and Fuel cells are the alternative solutions to face the problems of gradual depletion of fossil fuel resources, energy efficiency and environmental pollutions. These sources have the advantage of permitting and empowering people at the grassroots level and offer less need of distribution and transmission system. These resources, small power generators typically located at customers’ sites where the energy they generate is used, have emerged as a promising option to meet customers’ current and future demands for increasingly more reliable electric power. These resources could be integrated with the utility distribution network.

2.4. SHORT TERM SOLUTIONS 2.4.1. Use of Innovative Concept ( LADR) for Local Power Control In this article an innovative concept has been described, which has been introduced in the form a controlling relay called LOAD ACCESSED DIRECTIONAL RELAY (LADR). For designing of the application of LADR in the system, the connected links at the stations have been categorised as LOAD LINK, GENERATOR LINK and FLEXIBLE LINK. The power flow on the flexible links during the abnormality condition has been studied. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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2.5.2. Concept of micro Grid:- Micro grids represent

an entirely new approach for the integration of DER, especially small generators, into utility distribution systems. These grids are designed to separate or island from the utility grid and continue to operate independently and serve their customers’ power needs when grid problems occur, reconnecting to the grid once the problems are solved. The critical feature of the Micro grids is its presentation to the surrounding distribution grid as a single controllable system. Because of this concept, the availability of reliable power to the load centers raises and the situation of black out disturbance reduces, due to less burden on the existing transmission line and connected conventional resources. Hence time has come to think for these DER and establishment of the micro grids at large by encouraging the utility to concentrate upon it.

2.5.3. Inter-connection of Micro Grids:- Since

CONCLUSION: -

micro-grids are designed to generate power at distribution voltage level along with utilization Renewable resources, they have a restricted energy handling capability. Therefore, their maximum capacity is normally restricted to approximately 10 MVA as per IEEE recommendations. Hence it is possible to supply a large load pocket from several Micro-grids. In this way, Micro-grids should be inter-connected to from much power pools for meeting bulk power demands.

|Er P. K. Pattanaik |Dy. General Manager |

2.6. Necessity of Innovative Technology Adoption:

Keeping all these factors in mind we Indian as per our Indian culture and environment can think of the adoption of the following innovative technology should be crept soon to our energy sector. The main focus should be to adopt concept of this transformation phase from conventional to non-conventional. In the sector of electrical generation, attention to be on the renewable energy sources than that of the declinable one. In the sector of Electrical Transmission, concentration on the multi circuit monopole towers and use of polycrete insulators than that of conventional crossed towers. Similarly in the distribution sectors reliability factor should have to be emphasized as the paramount importance. Some solutions like smart grid concept, automation in the section of energy control and supervision and digitization in distribution network could be considered as the prime subject. In the field of new technology the wish list could be 1. Renewable Energy Sources, its penetration to the existing one. 2. Digital disruption in the phase of transformation and about to reshape our lives. 3. Artificial Intelligence, IoT. Robotics, Virtual Reality, Cloud computing and Large data

analytics etc.. 4. Development and integration of MICROGRIDs 5. LADR ( Load Accessed Directional Relay) 6. Super grid (Hybrid transmission system supported 1200kV, 765kV, 400kV UHVAC & ±800kV, ±500kV HVDC system). 7. Intelligent Power system protection & control 8. WAMS ( Wide Area Monitoring Systems) 9. FACTS devices, and controller interaction 10. OPGW (Optical Fiber Ground Wire) 11. Congestion Management and control 12. SMART Grid Technology. 13. Quick adoption of SMART GRID for Demand Side Control

CONCLUSION: -

I strongly feel that we the Indians are at the transition phase of acceptance to the innovative technology after the debacle resulted during 2012 (The blackout incident of North and North East region). Our technocrats, engineers and entrepreneurs are in the phase of accepting the challenge of development of the modern India. We can title that “Black out incident during 2012: A Game Changer for Modern Indian Electrical Energy Sector”

of accepting the challenge of development of the modern India. We can title that “Black out incident during 2012: A Game Changer for Modern Indian Electrical Energy Sector”

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pecial Focus: UPS & Batteries

Surging Demand for Uninterrupted Power Supply: Future of Indian Power Backup Segment

ower shortage is one of the greatest barriers in the development of India. Though it affects the GDP of the country real bad, it acts as a boon to the Power Backup industry of India. UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is one of the appliances which provide the consumers with electricity in cases of sudden power outage. UPS comes out to be a very important appliance as it helps to save the important data in. E-Commerce, data centers, servers, & electronic & medical equipment’s need high level of uninterrupted power supply & thus generating Sig. demand for high power range of UPS systems in India. On the other hand, govt. is also working towards supplying the whole country’s electricity demand in the long run. Hence, Indian UPS market is expected to witness stable growth in the coming years. This report is about the market size of the UPS market in India & how because of the inconsistent power supply & the avoidance of the loss of data in data centers & SOHO, UPS pose as necessity. This report reveals that UPS are being used in the industrial segment for various application as well which will lead the UPS market further. The report also covers the detail of UPS market by segments & by capacity as well. Sig. demand from IT/ITES, Govt. & Manufacturing sector is catalyzing the growth of the UPS market. The need of urban mass transportation systems is also one of key driver of UPS market. Electricity shortages & frequent outages are major support in the use of UPS system, causing higher penetration of online UPS, especially in Tier 2 & 3 towns. Some of

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the major players in the UPS market are Emerson, Eaton, APC, Luminous & Microtek. Strong foothold of the organized sector in the market, increasing use of UPS system in all the residential purposes & the commercial sectors are some of the factors which are expected to make the water heater market grow till 2021. According to “India UPS Market Outlook, 2021”, the market for UPS in India grew with a CAGR of 6.77% from 2010 to 2014. Online UPS system dominates the Indian UPS market. Modular UPS is one of the key trends in the UPS market which will drive the market in future. The Indian UPS market is largely dependent on low range (up to 25 KVA), accounting for more than half of the total UPS market. However, this trend is set to change due to rising applications of UPS systems in industrial sector. The pricing analysis of the UPS system helped in revealing that manufacturing cost of a UPS mainly accounts from core components like transformer & IGBT. New entrants are also increasing & their revenue share is expected to grow, owing to their expansion plans & widening of dealership networks.

Lithium Ion Batteries Market in India

Stringent regulations on auto-emission & fuel efficiency along with awareness towards non-hazardous wastes have resulted in a shift towards Li-ion batteries in India. Govt. efforts towards promoting the adoption of EVs, growing renewable energy storage projects, surging demand for quality & uninterrupted power supply are some of the key factors which are contributing ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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to the growth of Li-ion batteries market in the country; moreover, developing consumer electronics sector in India is likely to complement the growth of this market. According to 6Wresearch, India Lithium Ion Batteries Market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 27% during 2017-23. The consumer electronics application segment held major share in the overall market in 2016 & is likely to exhibit tremendous growth during the forecast period. Among several components, cathode captured majority of the market share. Further, Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) bagged highest share among different chemistries as it is majorly used in consumer electronic devices. In India, Li-ion batteries are finding application majorly in consumer electronics. Especially, the entire range of power banks, smartphones, laptops, & digital cameras are deployed with Li-ion batteries. Further, as India is moving towards renewable energy storage, Li-ion batteries are gaining acceptance in this segment. Previously, lead acid batteries were used in energy storage projects but since Li-ion batteries have longer lifecycles these are considered as ideal solutions for energy storage. Lithium ion batteries are gaining immense acceptance owing to its high energy capacity & power densities. In the current scenario, it is majorly deployed in consumer electronics; however, the Govt. of India is making continuous efforts to promote local manufacturing of automotive batteries. Additionally, consumer demand is likely to drive this market, for this reason, Govt.. is coming up with several schemes such as Faster Adoption & Manufacturing of Hybrid & Electric Vehicles (FAME), offering incentives, tax 56 || MAY 2018 ||

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rebates on purchase as well as manufacturing of EVs in the country. Various application areas of Li-ion batteries include electronics, automotive, industrial, medical & military equipment. Different manufacturers are coming up with varied material combinations to offer high efficiency yet economic batteries. High cost remains a barrier for Li-ion market growth; however, the local production of these batteries is likely to overcome high-cost constraint in the coming years. In addition to various organizations/firms such as ISRO, BHEL, CECRI are working together to develop Li-ion battery technology in the country, which would further shape the overall industry over the next six years. Some of the major players in India Lithium Ion Batteries market include- Samsung SDI, Coslight, AMCO Saft, LG Chem, & Panasonic.

Indian lead acid battery market

Automotive sector, smart cities, digital India program, shift towards data driven telecom services, etc will lead to surge in demand for lead acid batteries in India. Lead acid battery market in India can be broadly divided into two categories: SLI lead acid batteries & stationary lead acid batteries. Lead acid batteries are used in a large number of products & equipment such automobiles, telecommunication towers, railway traction etc. As of 2016, the market size of India lead acid battery was pegged at $ 4.47 billion & is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.36%, in value terms, during 2017-22. The major factors fueling the demand for lead acid batteries in the country include: growing automotive market, new solar projects, smart city projects & expansion of

telecommunication infrastructure. As of 2016, around 20.47 mn vehicles were sold in India, & the number is anticipated to reach 30.92 mn by 2022. SLI batteries, which are made up of lead acid, are primarily used in such vehicles. There are mainly three major types of lead acid batteries - SLI lead acid batteries, stationary lead acid batteries & motive/traction batteries.

SLI lead acid batteries: SLI lead acid batteries

are primarily used in automobiles such as passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, tractors, two wheelers, etc. Expanding automobile sales have aided the growth of SLI lead Acid batteries. 2-wheelers are among the largest user of SLI batteries. As per the Society of India Automobile Manufacturers, the domestic sales of two wheelers in the country stood at around 16.46 mn units, which is expected to grow at a rapid pace over the forecast period. This is expected to spur the growth of SLI batteries during 2017-2022. Also, a Sig. demand for SLI lead acid batteries would come from replacement of lead acid batteries from existing vehicles. Over the past few years, India has witnessed a tremendous growth in per capita income thereby resulting in more disposable income in the hands of its citizens. As a result, there has been a sharp increase in the sales of automobiles, particularly of the 2 & 4-wheeler variety. During 2015-2016, around 20.47 mn automobiles were sold in India. The growing sales of automobiles in the country would boost the demand for SLI lead acid batteries over the forecast period.

Stationary lead acid batteries: Stationary lead acid batteries are being used primarily in the ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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pecial Focus: UPS & Batteries

systems market helps the overall development of the industry & increase the profitability. Manufacturing power backup equipment in smaller sizes has ensured greater revenue in commercial & industrial sectors. Availability of service centres helps purchasing CoS build trust, goodwill & brand value. Major challenges that UPS manufacturers in India face are the low-cost imports & increasing raw-material prices. Almost all suppliers offer customized UPS to survive & sustain growth in the fierce competitive market in India. There is an ample demand for UPS systems from the IT/ITES, BFSI, govt. sector, manufacturing sector, healthcare, retail, education & research institutes, textile industry, telecom & energy sectors which are driving the growth of the UPS market. UPS systems in India are adopted by various end users such as ranging from residential households, small offices to large business enterprises. It was observed that there is a growing demand for continuous power supply in tier II & tier III cities along with govt. initiatives such as Make in India & Digital India. These initiatives are anticipated to drive India UPS market over the coming years. It was estimated that the UPS market in India will grow at a whooping rate by the year 2019 along with the increasing UPS applications.

Market dynamics & Trends

Power shortage in Southern India, especially in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka & Kerala is a major reason behind this region contributing majorly to the demand for power backup solutions. South India contributes 31% of the demand for UPS followed by North India which is also a Sig. contributor of 27% of UPS products. According to demand contribution from different verticals, Govt. contributes nearly 21% of the total 58 || MAY 2018 ||

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UPS market revenues. Other major contributor is the BFSI (banking, financial services & insurance) sector, netting 14% of the overall UPS market revenues. The major players in the Indian inverters & UPS market include Luminous Power Techâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pvt Ltd, Microtek International Pvt Ltd & APC by Schneider, Emerson Network Power, Genus Power Infrastructure Ltd among several other players. The inverter market growth has been attributed to the demand & supply gap between electric energy in India & the increasing purchasing power of Indian consumers. Additionally, the decreasing tolerance for long power cuts among consumers in rural & semi-urban areas is also a major factor behind the growth of this market. The penetration of inverters in rural areas has mainly been facilitated by increasing electrification initiatives of the Govt. of India. Additionally, rising standard of living of Indian consumers has acted as a catalyst behind the increasing sales of inverters in India in semi-urban & rural parts of nation. Market has witnessed reasonably high sales of inverters over recent years. Overall, market has an immense potential taking into consideration power shortage in India, increasing demand from industries & unplanned power cuts. A shift towards better quality & reliable products at competitive prices will lead to technology innovations as well as need to conserve energy will drive manufacturing CoS to produce efficient products. Expansion of distribution & service network will supplement growth of market. No. of SMEs & SMBs is increasing due to various govt. policies. Quite a few of these SMEs are based out of Tier 2 Cities where 24Ă&#x2014;7 power connectivity is still a challenge & Hence the demand for the UPS

is high as they want to run the business efficiently & unhindered. Even an hour without electricity can result in the business facing a loss, thereby affecting their profit in the long run. This is one of the reasons that more CoS are now looking at becoming energy efficient without compromising their agility & availability. Additionally, there is a gradual move towards greener techâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s to reduce the overall carbon footprint because of which we will see a gradual inclination towards solar-powered UPS systems & solutions. The current technological trends for the product are: energy efficient products, high power density & compact size, modular construction, detailed monitoring of UPS through LCD displays, remote manageability & controls, combined form factor of rack/tower models, user configurability for application specific needs. India is a power deficient market & it has huge business potential especially in the Tier II & Tier III cities & towns. There are robust change in the demand in these areas from both consumers & enterprises. The key change in last few years we see in the market now is that customers are looking for full power solutions with high quality efficient product & 24X7 after-sales service.

Consistent Rise in Demand

While power shortage, increase in income levels & expansion of industries will result in increased spending on power backup products in India, competition from unorganized sector, lack of consumer awareness, decline in desktop sales & high import duties are few of the major challenges which will affect the growth of this industry in the future. But there is a huge market opportunity that remains to be unlocked especially in smaller cities & towns with the ||www.electricalmirror.net||

telecommunication industry, UPS backups, railway traction (substations), solar projects etc. Increasing foreign direct investments, implementation of supportive norms by the govt. aimed at strengthening telecom infrastructure & increasing 4G penetration are intensifying demand for telecom towers & hence also boosting sales of batteries in telecom sector in India. GoI is also aiming to transform the Indian railways by constructing new railway lines & developing dedicated freight corridors across the nation in a bid to further facilitate the movement of goods. The development of new railway networks would surge the demand for stationary lead acid batteries used in railway traction. India, under its National Solar Mission, is leading one of the largest solar capacity addition programs in the world. The country aims to have a installed solar power capacity of 100GW by the end of 2022, This would pave the way for the growth of lead acid battery market used in solar power projects. Traction batteries are mainly used in electric vehicles such electric cars, electric rickshaws, electric bikes, golf carts, etc. Electric rickshaws are the leading demand generators for traction batteries in India. The Indian govt. initiated the National Electric Mobility Mission which aims to bring 6 mn electric vehicles on Indian roads by 2020. The program requires an outlay of $ 2,577.79 mn for the promotion of electric vehicles in India. Unorganised players accounted for around 42.54% of India lead acid battery market during 2016. Unorganised battery manufacturers in India gain a competitive edge over major brands, as their products are 20-25% cheaper than branded batteries. However, quality of raw materials used in the manufacturing of such batteries is of poor which reduces the life of these batteries. Growing awareness among the consumers to opt for high quality batteries would result in paradigm shift in sales of unorganised batteries to organised batteries. Implementation of GST is likely to benefit organised sector battery makers like Exide Industries, Amara Raja, Luminous, Su Kam. Fluctuation in raw material prices & growing penetration of the lithium ion battery are the major challenges for the lead acid battery industry. The prices of raw materials are highly unstable & this eventually affects profitability of battery manufacturers. Lead accounts for 40% of the total raw material cost involved in manufacturing a single unit of a lead acid battery. There has been growing shift towards other forms of batteries, particularly lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries are environmentally friendly batteries & last longer than lead acid batteries. The decline in prices of lithium ion batteries has helped in increasing its consumption; as such batteries are used as substitute for lead acid batteries. This would pose a major challenge to the growth of lead acid ||www.electricalmirror.net||

battery market in the country. There has been renewed focus on improving the efficiency of lead acid batteries. With the advent of new tech’s, Indian SLI battery manufacturers are continuously trying to increase their market share by offering technologically advanced products to customers. For this reason, they are emphasising on development of high quality batteries which are long-lasting & low-maintenance. Absorbent glass mat (AGM) technology of Exide Industries is one of the latest tech’s introduced in India. This technology is efficient, offers optimal performance in extreme cycling applications, with both high-charge acceptance & partial state-of-charge operations. Lead acetate battery manufacturers in India need to follow Indian Standards Code of Safety for Lead & its Compounds (IS 4312-1967) defined by Indian Standards Institution. The ISO 9001 specifies requirements that must be addressed by a company’s Quality Management System (QMS) for internal applications or certification. Thus, ISO 9001 focuses on effectiveness of QMS in a manufacturing plant. In battery manufacturing plants, ISO 9001:2008 certification gives an indicator of the company’s ability to meet customer requirement. The growth of automobile sector, development of smart cities, digital India program, shift of preferences towards data driven telecom services from calling based services are some of the notable factors that would surge the deployment of lead acid battery across the nation. Implementation of GST in 2017 will lead to increase in market share of organised players.

Affordability spurs growth

Growing demand for better quality products at competitive prices is driving manufacturing CoS to innovate & produce efficient products. Power shortage in India demands for back-up power systems. Back-up power systems market is positively growing with new tech’s & methodologies. Indian UPS market consists of both Indian & multinational manufacturers competing for a major share of the market. Research reports states that the major factors driving the growth for UPS in industrial & private sectors are the need of uninterrupted power supply & a wide gap between demand & supply of electricity in India. Majority of the manufacturing industries in India carry out critical nature of processes which cannot afford a millisecond of power disruption & UPS is inevitable. India lacks efficient power grid or sufficient power production that has led to a huge demand for UPS in industrial & commercial sectors. Now-a-days in India, UPS has become an integral part to address the country’s power fluctuations & also prevents wear & tear to expensive electronics & industrial equipment. Apart from technical reasons, affordable price with servicing options are helping consumers to choose UPS. The UPS market in India is widespread enough to

accommodate both organised & unorganised sectors. The unorganised sector caters to the price-sensitive consumers, & organised players mostly target the brand-conscious consumers.

Harnessing power of Sun: With increasing awareness in the solar power & cost of power generated utilizing fossil fuels has encouraged the solar power solutions products at affordable prices. Researchers state that the solar industry would definitely reach heights in the future & expand rapidly. Majority of the Indian population are attracted towards the solar power system with batteries because it serves the power needs during the day as well as night. There is a demand for solar UPS in the rural areas, large NGOs, hospitality industry & retail industry in India. The Tamil Nadu & Gujarat govt.s announced many policy changes to promote solar usage. Many leading players in India invested huge funds in R&D for the development of solar power utilization devices & are working on solutions. Solar energy promotions are also helping the UPS market growth. User friendly UPS are developed with new features of remote monitoring & wireless communication in UPS. A study states that the efficiency of UPS systems will increase along with reduced size & the cost of the UPS will reduce. The UPS systems will be more user-friendly so that they can be connected & controlled from residence, or mobile. Solar UPS systems work on both grid power & solar power. The solar UPS systems in India are still in the budding stage & are slow due to huge govt. regulations involved. Majority of the India consumers are aware about their power needs. UPS with economical, durable, higher efficiency, scalability, manageability & system that would fit into the eco-system are opted to manage the power needs. The upcoming technology in solar supported systems are the integration of net metering & sine wave UPS systems which converge 2 tech’s coupled with communication & software tech’s in smart grid-RE integration. Green UPS systems: Retail channels are selling UPS units of up to 600VA & UPS with large configurations that require technical support are mostly being sold through channel partners in India. The demand for power supply in India is increasing at a rapid rate with the increase in consumers spending limit, which are the Sig. contributors of UPS market growth. The new technology & design of the green UPS systems which offer high efficiency rates has emerged in the market. The green UPS helps in conserving energy & reducing the carbon footprint. While UPS industry is relatively stable in India, there is a necessity to seek new trends in advanced electronics such as Internet of Things based systems & smart grid linked systems. This helps UPS industry to analyze UPS systems from a different & futuristic perspective view. R&D of the power backup ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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pecial Focus: UPS & Batteries

increasing consumption of electricity. The UPS market in India has witnessed a growth in recent years on account of rising demand fueled by the demand & supply gap in electric power supply, expansion of industries & rising income levels of consumers. The market is highly fragmented in India; however it is dominated by large organized players, which offer a wide range of home & industrial UPS systems. According to the research report, India Inverters market is projected to grow at an appreciable CAGR of 9.4% by FY’2019. With increasing disposable incomes of households, the sales of electrical equipments like ACs, Refrigerators, Televisions & Microwaves is expected to increase & inadequate power supply will drive consumers to opt for inverters. Indian UPS market is projected to scale new heights, expanding at a CAGR of 9.8% in FY’2014-FY’2019. This is due to shortage of high quality power, expansion of IT/ ITE, Banking, Pharma & SMB segments & increasing income levels of consumers. According to “India UPS Market Forecast & Opportunities, 2018”, the Indian UPS market revenue is forecasted to grow up to two folds by the end of 2018, growing at the CAGR of around 12% during 2013-18. One of the emerging trends has been witnessed that foreign players are acquiring domestic CoS of India in order to have access to well-established distribution network & value chain of the UPS systems market in India. The regional demand for UPS systems is being majorly driven by the level of scarcity in a particular area, for instance, J&K has the highest scarcity of power followed by Bihar & Karnataka & thus creating high demand for UPS systems. Regenerative UPS units are becoming critical for energy conservation in a power deficit nation such as India. Regenerative UPS units provide an efficient approach toward energy conservation, facilitating smooth manufacturing activities. Regenerative UPS units use the regenerative load from braking action; this load is used for creating regulated power which is connected to machines generating regenerative load. This generates electricity providing uninterrupted power supply during power cuts. It allows smooth functioning of machines without damaging the machine. Regenerative UPS systems primarily comprise insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) transistors, capacitors, inductors, & harmonic filters. Regenerative UPS units are generally installed in industries with rotating or moving applications, such as computer numerical controlled machines (CNC). When braking is applied to the rotating machine regenerative load is created which is fed back to the system for power generation. The Indian UPS market is largely dependent on low range (up to 25 KVA), accounting for more than half of the total UPS 60 || MAY 2018 ||

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market. However, this trend is set to change due to rising applications of UPS systems in industrial sector. Moreover, the manufacturing cost analysis done in the report revealed that manufacturing cost of a UPS mainly accounts from core components like transformer & IGBT. Similarly, the capital expenditure analysis & operating cost analysis for different ranges of UPS systems, provides the detailed insight about the UPS systems. Factors that are influencing the UPS market growth include an increasing understanding of the need for backup power & the cost of not protecting power sources when utility outages do occur, the condition of the national power grid, the increasing likelihood of power outages if the situation is not improved, & the convergence of voice & data networks & an increased reliance on digital networks, phone systems & business equipment. Although most UPS & backup power systems are used in IT & telecom industries to protect data; many industrial processes are now microprocessor & PC-based & very susceptible & sensitive to power disturbances.

Overall Scenario

Indian market has a huge demand for Power products & it’s evolving day by day as the users understand the importance of protecting their critical loads. The UPS Market is seeing a shift towards new innovative tech’s & designs in order to support critical applications. On technical scale, there is change in the customer requirements from typical power supply to efficient power solutions, keeping close eye on reducing the operating cost & to have green infrastructure. Indian UPS market is shifting slowly towards the concept of ‘Forever Young’ & customers are opting for power products which are more reliable, redundant in design, scalable & have lesser footprint. Indian UPS market is growing rapidly due to the Sig. demand for UPS. According to a Frost & Sullivan report, the UPS industry in India is estimated to reach US $ 828.2 mn by 2017-2018. The UPS market in India is currently dependent on low range UPS systems (up to 25 KVA) constituting for over half of the total UPS market. As India is a power deficit nation, it has a huge market for power backup products. The Sectors which are currently witnessing a growing demand for these UPS solutions are IT & ITeS; BFSI; govt., manufacturing, telecom & energy sectors. Additionally with support from the Digital India as well as the Make in India initiatives, we see an increasing number of SMBs & SMEs looking to adopt technology solutions in tier 2 cities & upcountry locations. With several govt. initiatives & programs such as Smart Cities & ‘The National e-Governance Plan’, the demand for the UPS solutions & systems is growing steadily. Indian UPS market is growing at 19%. BPE is slightly better than the national growth figures. The focus has shifted to the Online Business from the

Line Interactive. UPS industry in India is moving towards providing various value added services, such as power quality audits, remote monitoring & modular infrastructure solutions due to increase demand from IT/ITes, manufacturing & infrastructure sectors & govt. This industry is also growing towards efficient battery management environment & proper monitoring of batteries thus extending battery life.

Challenges in UPS Sector

UPS market size is around Rs. 5000 Cr’s without battery. But there are more than 200 CoS below 10 Cr.s catering to around 2500 Cr. market. All the above figures are without considering the batteries. The trend in the market analysis says the top 3 CoS are concentrating on higher KVA UPS & projects. All others are concentrating on SME segments. The biggest challenge today is to make the UPS systems sustainable especially with lower ratings. There is a need for solutions that drive sustainable growth around the globe, including efficiently using & conserving global resources, developing energy efficient products, reducing emissions, & protecting the environment. Another challenge is to manufacture products keeping future needs in mind. That offer higher performance & efficiency with low running cost & increasingly functional design. In recent years depreciation of Indian rupee against US dollar or Euro’s was major concern in the market as it is directly affecting the pricing strategy. Although price plays a key factor for decision makers, it’s necessary now to show customer value of their investment or RoI which calls for innovative products or solutions. Due to shortage of power in the country, customers want to choose backup power systems with innovative tech’s & methodologies. The major challenge that the UPS market in India faces are Economic Challenges The depreciating value of the Rupee against the US$, & the fall in Indian IT spending has also had a spilling effect on the industry. The cost of components is one of the major challenges faced by the Indian UPS market. Most organizations in India, including SMEs & SMBs are becoming technology intensive. The need to operate the business 27/7 to function smoothly is driving the UPS systems & customers are increasingly opting for a single point of contact from the vendor’s perspective. Vendors with an end-to-end portfolio will be better positioned to provide reliable, cost-effective & customized solutions. By aligning our capabilities in technology, product design & the delivery model, we are able to address the demand comprehensively & efficiently. Using the latest UPS tech’s, our products provide flexibility for easy deployment across a variety of locations as well as reduce capital investment, protect from unstable power quality, depending on the unique requirement of every site with the least ||www.electricalmirror.net||

manual maintenance.

Key Challenges for designing UPS systems

One the key issues that must be addressed before designing UPS systems is that of an unreliable power grid which is mostly ridden with large snags & surges. Various sectors, be it manufacturing, IT/ITes, banking etc face different power related problems. Hence designing UPS systems catering to their specific needs is a test of the vendor’s capabilities. Perhaps the biggest challenge dominating this area is the lack of awareness with regards to the basic power quality fundamentals for UPS tech’s to function. This is where designing a UPS system that can overcome power problems such as faulty earthling & grounding systems presents a stiff challenge. Sluggish growth of the power sector has had huge impact on designing UPS products. Market has huge demand for Power products & it is always evolving, as the users understand the importance of protecting their critical loads & looking for complete Power solution instead of power product like earlier. However, the market has been growing & showing signs of continuous improvements in terms of technological change like smaller foot prints, high availability, scalability, Efficiency, Unity power factor etc. Input voltage range/ Non standardization of electrical wiring/ Communication & interactive to server.

Conclusion

India, the fourth largest producer of electricity in the world, has witnessed a transformational change in the energy sector with supportive policy interventions as well as sector reforms. Despite the phenomenal growth in generation capacity over the past years, India is struggling with a power deficit situation. Over 15.5 mn BPL households & 9,500 villages are still devoid of electricity. The eastern states of India, such as Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal, are rich in coal reserves but are reeling under a power deficiency. Uninterrupted supply of power is one of the prerequisites for any developing economy like India. The UPS & Inverter market in India has experienced a growth in recent years on account of mounting demand fueled by the demand & supply gap in the electric power supply. As per a research report, Indian inverter market is projected to grow at a considerable CAGR of 9.4%by FY’2019. With escalating disposable incomes of households, the sales of electrical equipment like ACs, refrigerators,

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television sets & microwave is expected to increase & inadequate power supply will drive consumers to opt for inverters. Indian UPS market revenue is estimated to grow up to two folds by the end of 2018, growing at the CAGR of around 12 percent during 2013-18. Regional demand for UPS systems is being majorly driven by the level of scarcity in a particular area, for instance, J&K has the highest scarcity of power followed by Bihar & Karnataka & thus creating high demand for UPS systems. Indian UPS market is largely dependent on a low range (up to 25 KVA), accounting for more than half of the total UPS market. However, this inclination is set to change due to rising applications of UPS & inverter systems in the industrial sector. Factors that are influencing this market growth include an understanding of the need for backup power & the cost of not protecting power sources when utility outages do occur, the state of the national power grid, the increasing likelihood of power cuts if the situation is not improved, & the convergence of voice & data networks & an increased reliance on digital networks, phone systems & business equipment. Amidst increasing level of pollution in the Delhi- NCR, the authorities have banned the use of diesel generator; the city is forced to explore the alternative sources of power. Few of us know that the inverters today are equipped with state-of-the-art technology & are capable of handling high capacity. They are thus capable of filling the void & are the answer to city's growing concerns about environmental pollution. The inverters & UPS are a much safer, cleaner & thus a more viable option. On the other hand, a generator is pricey, both in the terms of operation & maintenance. Even the fuel used in a generator is costly & one needs to take extra caution to store it. Handling the generator is not easy & if a person does not use it properly, it can be dangerous. A running generator releases harmful fumes (which are basically NOX gas) which are injurious to human health as well as for the environment. Although most of the UPS & power backup systems are used in the information technology (IT) & telecommunication industries to protect data, many industrial processes are now microprocessor & PC-based & are very susceptible & sensitive to power disturbances. The demand in the Indian inverter/UPS market has increased due to constant power outages &

a strong push from the govt. to accelerate the National Solar Mission. The usage of UPS systems will increase when solar inverters become more reliable for backup power. Solar energy is expected to be the main factor driving the increase in demand for UPS systems/ inverters. An important emerging technology is net metering & its integration with sine wave inverters/ UPS systems coupled with communication & software technologies in the smart-grid re-integration domain. This will be done by developing & deploying solar rooftop energy generators for residential, commercial & various industrial applications, of off-grid, on-grid & hybrid types with storage systems that will depend on the available cheap mix of energy resources. Technological developments are happening on the energy efficiency side as energy conservation is the burning issue of the day. In future, the key focus areas will be mission-critical industrial applications in refineries, petrochemicals, power generation, steel & metals, process industries as well as critical data processing applications. Solar backup systems will drive solar energy usage at large. & installation of backup power systems in dams & plants would require exhaustive set-ups. In the coming days, the efficiency of UPS systems will increase, sizes will reduce, costs will come down, & the devices will become more user friendly so that people can connect to & control their power backup systems from their residence, mobiles, or in any other means. Solar UPS systems will work on both AC (i.e., grid) as well as DC (solar) power. The developments in the solar power domain are currently a bit slow because of the massive involvement of the govt.. However, the ‘Make in India’ initiative of the govt. is going to give a boost to industrialization as well to start-ups in the SME sector, offering vast opportunities in the power backup sector. India is a developing economy & our industrial base is increasing constantly. Per capita income of Indians has gone up, improving lifestyles. In this scenario, with increasing power cuts, domestic consumers will drive the trend of increased UPS system & inverter adoption. India houses some of the top IT & Fortune 500 companies which should come forward to promote the use of inverters & UPS. They are the future & a cleaner, safer & more env-friendly alternative to generators.

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ndustry Feature Power Factor Correction

PF Review: Technical & Economic Advantages of Power Factor Correction 62 || MAY 2018 ||

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energy, even if not immediately converted into other forms, contributes to increase the total power flowing through in the electrical network, from the generators, all along the conductors, to the users. To smooth such negative effect, the power factor correction of the electrical plants is carried out. The power factor correction obtained by using capacitor banks to generate locally the reactive energy necessary for the transfer of electrical useful power, allows a better & more rational technical-economical management of the plants. Moreover, the present spreading of direct current users, such as electronic circuits & electric drives, involve the generation of current harmonics which are injected into the network, with the consequent pollution & distortion of the waveforms on other connected loads. Therefore, the use of harmonic filters, both of passive as well as of active type, contributes to improve the overall power- quality of the network, carrying out also power factor correction at the network frequency, when such filters are properly sized.

Technical advantages

arket facts for wire India 2018

In electrical plants the loads draw from the network electric power (active) as power supply source (e.g. personal computers, printers, diagnostic equipment, etc.) or convert it into another form of energy (e.g. electrical lamps or stoves) or into mechanical output (e.g. electrical motors). To get this, it is often necessary that the load exchanges with the network (with net null consumption) the reactive energy, mainly of inductive type. This

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By correcting the power factor of an installation supplying locally the necessary reactive power, at the same level of required output power, it is possible to reduce the current value & consequently the total power absorbed on the load side; this implies numerous advantages, among which a better utilization of electrical machines (generators & transformers) & of electrical lines (transmission & distribution lines). the main advantages of power factor correction can be summarized as better utilization of electrical machines; better utilization of electrical lines; reduction of losses; reduction of voltage drops. Generators & transformers are sized according to the apparent power S. At the same active power P, the smaller the reactive power Q to be delivered, the smaller the apparent power. Thus, by improving the power factor of the installation, these machines can be sized for a lower apparent power, but still deliver the same active power. Power factor correction allows obtaining advantages also for cable sizing. In fact, as previously said, at the same output power, by increasing the power factor the current diminishes. This reduction in current can be such as to allow the choice of conductors with lower cross sectional area. The power losses of an electric conductor depend on the resistance of the conductor itself & on the square of the current flowing through it; since, with the same value of transmitted active power, the higher the cosĎ&#x2022;, the lower the current, it follows that when the power factor rises, the losses in the conductor on the supply side of the point where the power factor correction has been carried out will decrease. At the same level of transmitted active power, the voltage drop shall be the smaller, the higher the power factor. As it can be noticed in the following figures showing the diagrams of the phase voltage drop Î&#x201D;V, the smaller the phase displacement angle Ď&#x2022; b/w voltage & current (with the same active component of the load current & therefore with the same active power) the smaller the voltage variation;

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ndustry Feature Power Factor Correction

moreover, this variation is minimum if there is no reactive power absorption (current in phase). In very high voltage lines, which are designed so that the power transmitted by them is equal to the characteristic power, the voltage variation is already limited in itself (null if the line is considered without losses) & moreover the consumption of inductive reactive power due to the flowing of the current in the series inductance is perfectly equal to the capacitive reactive power generated by the derived capacitances. By definition, the voltage drop is the difference b/w the module of the incoming & outgoing voltage.

Economic advantages

Power supply authorities apply a tariff system which imposes penalties on the drawing of energy with a monthly average power factor lower than 0.9. The contracts applied are different from country to country & can vary also according to the typology of costumer: as a consequence, the following remarks are to be considered as a mere didactic & indicative information aimed at showing the economic saving which can be obtained thanks to the power factor correction. Generally speaking, the power supply contractual clauses require the payment of the absorbed reactive energy when the power factor is included in the range from 0.7 & 0.9, whereas nothing is due if it is higher than 0.9. For cosĎ&#x2022; < 0.7 power supply authorities can oblige consumers to carry out power factor correction. It is to be noted that having a monthly average power factor higher than or equal to 0.9 means requesting from the network a reactive energy lower than or equal to 50% of the active energy. Therefore no penalties are applied if the requirements for reactive energy do not exceed 50% of the active one. The cost that the consumer bears on a yearly base when drawing a reactive energy exceeding that corresponding to a power factor equal to 0.9. It is necessary to note that the capacitor bank represents an installation cost to be divided suitably for the years of life of the installation itself applying one or more economic coefficients; in the practice, the savings obtained by correcting the power factor allow the payback of the installation cost of the capacitor bank within the first years of use. As a matter of fact, an accurate analysis of an investment implies 64 || MAY 2018 ||

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the use of some economic parameters.

Types of power factor correction

Now it is important to understand where the capacitors are to be installed for a better exploitation of such advantages. There are no general rules applicable to every type of installation and, in theory, capacitors can be installed at any point, but it is necessary to evaluate the relevant practical & economic feasibility. According to the location modalities of the capacitors, the main methods of power factor correction are: distributed power factor correction; group power factor correction; centralized power factor correction; combined power factor correction; automatic power factor correction.

Distributed power factor correction: Distributed power factor correction is

achieved by connecting a capacitor bank properly sized directly to the terminals of the load which demands reactive power. The installation is simple & inexpensive; capacitor & load can use the same protective devices against overcurrentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s & are connected & disconnected simultaneously. This type of power factor correction is advisable in the case of large electrical equipment with constant load & power & long connection times & it is generally used for motors & fluorescent lamps. Below figure shows the common connection diagrams for the power factor correction of motors. In case of direct connection (diagrams 1 & 2), the following risk may be run: after the disconnection from the supply, the motor will continue to rotate (residual kinetic energy) & self-excite with the reactive energy drawn from the capacitor bank, & may turn into an asynchronous generator. In this case, the voltage on the load side of the switching & control device is maintained, with the risk of dangerous over-voltages (up to twice the rated voltage value). When using diagram 3, the compensation bank is connected only after the motor has been started & disconnected in advance with respect to the switching off of the motor supply. With this type of power factor correction the network on the supply side of the load works with a high power factor; on the other hand, this solution results economically onerous. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Combined power factor correction: This solution derives from a compromise b/w

the two solutions of distributed & centralized power factor correction & it exploits the advantages they offer. In such way, the distributed compensation is used for high power electrical equipment & the centralized modality for the remaining part. Combined power factor correction is prevailingly used in installations where large equipment only are frequently used; in such circumstances their power factor is corrected individually, whereas the power factor of small equipment is corrected by the centralized modality.

Group power factor correction: It consists in improving locally the power factor of groups of loads having similar functioning characteristics by installing a dedicated capacitor bank. This is the method reaching a compromise b/w the inexpensive solution & the proper management of the installation since the benefits deriving from power factor correction shall be felt only by the line upstream the point where the capacitor bank is located.

Automatic power factor correction: In most installations there is not a constant

absorption of reactive power for example due to working cycles for which machines with different electrical characteristics are used. In such installations there are systems for automatic power factor correction which, thanks to a monitoring varmetric device & a power factor regulator, allow the automatic switching of different capacitor banks, thus following the variations of the absorbed reactive power & keeping constant the power factor of the installation constant. An automatic compensation system is formed by: some sensors detecting current & voltage signals; an intelligent unit which compares the measured power factor with the desired one & operates the connection & disconnection of the capacitor banks with the necessary reactive power (power factor regulator); an electric power board comprising switching & protection devices; some capacitor banks. To supply a power as near as possible to the demanded one, the connection of the capacitors is implemented step by step with a control accuracy which will be the greater the more steps are foreseen & the smaller the difference is b/w them.

Demand Charge & Maximum Demand Indicator Centralized power factor correction: The profile of loads connected during

the day has a primary importance for the choice of the most convenient type of power factor correction. For installations with many loads, where not all the loads function simultaneously and/or some loads are connected for just a few hours a day, it is evident that the solution of distributed power factor correction becomes too onerous since many of the installed capacitors stay idle for a long time. Therefore the use of one compensation system only located at the origin of the installation allows a remarkable reduction of the total power of the installed capacitors. In centralized power factor correction automatic assemblies are normally used (see below automatic power factor correction) with banks divided into steps, installed directly in the main distribution boards; the use of a permanently connected bank is possible only if the absorption of reactive energy is quite constant all day long. The centralized solution allows an optimization of the costs of the capacitor bank, but presents the disadvantage that the distribution lines on the load side of the power factor correction device shall be sized keeping into account the full reactive power absorbed by the loads.

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Power Factor efficiencies can be improved by switching over to efficient appliances that give more output (W) per unit (VA) of energy used. So in above example user can always switch to a coffee maker that generates lesser froth. Similarly user can switch to appliance that generates lesser inductive load. The other way to fix the problem is by installing Capacitor Banks (sold as Power Savers at many places). Capacitive load is opposite to inductive load & negates the inductive load when added in parallel. Power factor can be increased up to 1 or at least 0.99 by installing capacitor banks. When user signup for commercial electricity connection from a utility, user have to specify the maximum “demand“ (in kVA) that user need. During the month if user exceed your maximum “demand” user have to pay penalty (or extra price) for the same. That is the MDI penalty that appears on electricity bills. If your power factor is less than 1 user can improve your output kW per KVA supplied by improving power factor as mentioned above. This ensures that user are not wasting any kVA that is supplied to user by your utility. If power factor is unity, then it means that the appliances that user have are using more kW or kVA that user have signed up for. To fix this user either need to switch to efficient appliances (using less kW) so that your total need matches demand, or if user feel that user have the most efficient appliances then user can request your utility to increase the maximum demand allotted to you. Another option of avoiding MDI penalty is by shifting your peak load to a time of day when your load is less. For e.g. A Thermal Storage system can help user shift your air conditioning load from the daytime to nighttime. A thermal storage device is like a battery that stores thermal energy. This can be charged in the night & used in place of air conditioners during the day time. Residential customers are not charged on kVA but on kW, which means that they are charged for the “actual” energy used & not the “total” energy supplied (charged for actual amount of coffee & not the full cup). Thus the power factor & MDI do not impact residential customers. In case the utilities start charging them for “total” energy supplied then the residential customers will also have to worry about power factor & MDI.

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pecial Theme: LED Lighting

LED Inside: Consistent Favorable Policy by Government is the Major Factor for Rapid Development of the Industry in India 66 || MAY 2018 ||

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ndian Lighting Industry is having a steady growth of over 10% in the last few years. Growth has remained consistent, even when there has been upâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s & downs in many other sectors due to the slum in the recent past in the Western world. In 2013, Indian LED Industry generated revenue of Rs. 20 Bn. As per the ELCOMA estimation in 2014 LED industry, which had a turnover of Rs. 120 Bn will reach Rs. 370 Bn by the year 2020. Although late, the GoI has announced a lot of incentives & measures in order to prioritize LED manufacturing in the country. Consistent favorable policy by GoI is one major factor for rapid development of the Industry in India. GoIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s policy of rural electrification has created new demand besides infra. development covering urban housing, roads & other projects has also created new demand for lighting products. It is reported that 20% of the total electricity produced all over the world, is consumed by domestic lighting users. Anyhow, by replacing the out of date incandescent, halogen, fluorescent lamps, etc. with LED lights, will reduce the consumption level of electricity to the level of 4% from 20%. This grants us the opportunity to utilize surplus energy in other sectors. Considering all above facts, it is expected that Indian Lighting Industry will continue to grow at higher rate yearly ranging between 13-15% until 2020.

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pecial Theme: LED Lighting

Scenario of electricity consumption in India

Electricity use in Indian homes from lights, ceiling fans, televisions, refrigerators, among other appliances has increased 50 times between today & 1971, even though India’s per capita residential electricity consumption is less than a third of the world average. Residential electricity now outpaces growth in industrial, commercial, agriculture sectors. This striking statistic is on the increase, as India moves towards one of the largest urban transitions in history in the coming decades. India’s residences, which avail modern energy services such as cooling, clean cooking, lighting, & media access, are predicted to account for 85% of the country’s floor space by 2050. The population’s development & lifestyle needs, coupled with the govt.’s aim to provide uninterrupted electricity to all homes by 2019, are projected to increase electricity consumption 5-6 times b/w 2014-30. A combination of rapid electrification, increasing incomes, & technological development will result in people buying more appliances & using more electricity to run them. Already, the residential sector uses about 25% of the country’s total current electricity consumption at a time when less than a quarter of all households do not have an electricity connection & those that do face frequent power cuts. In spite of the scale of current & future residential electricity use, an understanding of household consumption patterns & their drivers is limited. There is scarce publicly available data on the issue as shown in figure, which shows how different studies predict dramatically different scenarios for the extent to which residential electricity use will grow. This large variation stems from differing methods, base-years & assumptions, even in business-as-usual cases. Variations also exist between govt. estimates, as seen by the difference in projections from the 18th & 19th Electric Power Survey of CEA. This uncertainty in future demand estimates is a sig. barrier to strategic energy & climate planning. Beyond quantitative data, we also lack an understanding of the social & political processes conditioning electricity consumption such as appliance purchasing decisions, success of efficiency policies, & electricity use & conservation behavior. A rigorous understanding of residential consumption is essential for designing effective & credible energy efficiency programs, optimizing planning of power capacity addition, & to adequately adapt to changing business models & technologies.

The scale of increased residential demand, the uncertainty in the extent to which it could increase, & the urban & demographic transitions underway make future electricity needs not only immense, but also potentially malleable. If unaddressed, this demand will put serious constraints on already stretched national resources, posing serious social, local environmental & climate change related burdens. But if considered strategically, the increased demand could be an opportunity – to lock-in an energy efficient & low-carbon development path. More so, demand-side interventions could substantially reduce the requirements of energy supply, bypass the structural inefficiencies & financial losses prevalent in electricity distribution, & shape path-dependent consumption trajectories.

Emergence of LED

LEDs are the blue light-emitting diodes, which are environmental friendly & energy-efficient. The Indian govt. has mooted various initiatives to promote LED lighting & is facilitating the LED market to grow by Rs. 21.6 thousand Cr. by 2020. Apart from domestic & corporate uses, LEDs are also being used for street lights & lights in public spaces. Indian govt.’s UJALA scheme also aims at replacing the 77 Cr. CFL & incandescent bulbs in the country with LEDs. This scheme would save Rs.40,000 Cr. in annual electricity bills for consumers. The scheme is also expected to result in reduction of 20,000 MW & save around 100 bn units. According to the Union Power Minister, Piyush Goel, “With India selling 770 mn LED bulbs every day, the country will soon become the LED capital of the world. Prices of LED bulbs have come down to 55 pence (Rs.52) from over 3.5 pounds (Rs.332) in two years.” The provisions of LED lights to the BPL families in the rural areas will also lead to infrastructural development holistically. Lighting is the most basic use of electricity in a home. Lighting’s share in the total residential electricity consumption is estimated to be in the range of 18% to 27%. In 2013, about a billion & a half lighting devices were sold in India; half of them being incandescent bulbs followed by CFLs (31%), tube-lights (16%) & a negligible share of LED bulbs. In 2014, govt. launched a program to promote LED bulbs in Indian households & later named it UJALA. This is because LED bulbs consume less electricity, last longer, & does not contain mercury. The program, arguably the world’s largest, has sold more than 27 Cr. LED bulbs with no subsidy from the govt. How did the program change India’s lighting industry & consumer behavior? What part of program design worked & what can be improved? Answers to these questions can improve future programs designed to improve energy efficiency in India.

Innovative program: EESL is responsible for implementing UJALA program. It bought LED bulbs in bulk from manufacturers through multiple rounds of 68 || MAY 2018 ||

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competitive bidding. The large volumes & assured sales incentivized manufacturers to drop bid price from Rs. 310/ LED bulb in the first round to as low as Rs. 38 in later rounds. EESL sold these bulbs to consumers through contract vendors in coordination with local discoms, bypassing the retail supply chain & further bringing down final distribution price. As a result, current price of LED bulbs under UJALA is Rs. 70, about half of the price of the LED bulbs available in the shops. Yet, there is no subsidy from govt. or discoms. It also conducted innovative marketing campaigns to create public awareness.

Sales up, prices down: UJALA program transformed the LED lighting industry

in India. Demand for LED bulbs has gone up 50 times in the 3 years since 2014, while the retail market price for bulbs sold beyond UJALA has dropped to a third. The fall in prices can be attributed to the economies of scale achieved due to substantial demand creation by UJALA program, in tandem with global trend of reduction in prices of LED chips. Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s LED bulb manufacturing capacity has also grown substantially, with about 176 registered manufacturing units in India. Surveys show that LED bulbs are now a major source of lighting for households that participated in the UJALA program. Most households also said that they would buy a new LED bulb from market when the installed LED bulb reached end of its useful life.

Incandescent bulbs are still around: The increased demand for LED bulbs seems to replace the demand for CFLs instead of incandescent bulbs. About 810 mn incandescent bulbs were sold in 2016, a 5% drop over previous yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sale whereas the sales of CFLs have dropped by a third since their peak in 2013. Surveys by CPR-Centre for Policy Research corroborate this trend as they found that a considerably large proportion of the UJALA LED bulbs were used to replace CFLs, followed by incandescent bulbs & tube lights. The more that people replace CFLs with LEDs, the lesser the saving that are actually realized. Our sample of households in Pune was distributed across different income classes. A typical LED bulb saved 2.5 times more in a low income household compared to a high income household. This makes a case for program to focus more on low income households.

Low

% Incandescent bulbs replaced

Average usage Annual savings No. of LED bulbs (hours) (kWh)/ LED bulb bought per HH

45%

5.5

Medium 18%

3.6

High

3.2

18%

Comparison between low, medium, high income households surveyed, Pune

Lighting options replaced by LED bulbs bought under UJALA for surveyed households. Source: Prayas Consumer survey (Jan-Mar 2017)

Sales trends of lighting devices in India Source: ELCOMA

Share of lighting sources in the surveyed households. Source: Prayas Consumer survey (Jan-Mar 2017)

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LED bulb quality & warranty is imp.: Surveys found that 2% of LED bulbs failed in Pune after a year of launch of the program, while 14% of the LED bulbs failed in Puducherry 3 years after the launch. The bulbs sold in Pune carried a warranty of 3 years while the bulbs sold in Puducherry carried a warranty of 8 years. Anyhow, very few households got their faulty bulbs replaced. Lower expectations from a govt. program & higher tolerance levels for faults in low cost LED bulbs, ignorance about warranty, & hassles in the process were cited as reasons for not replacing the faulty bulbs under warranty. To conclude, UJALA has created a large & sustainable market for LED bulbs in India using the no-subsidy, bulk procurement model. Demand for LED bulbs has increased manifold & the retail market price has dropped by a third. It has also created a sig. awareness about LED bulbs, further contributing to increasing demand. Going ahead, EESL can ensure stricter monitoring & evaluation of program. It can also focus on low income households & small commercial establishments who are still buying incandescent bulbs.

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pecial Theme: LED Lighting

Failure rate & exchange rate of UJALA bulbs (for surveyed consumers). Source: Prayas Consumer survey (Jan-Mar 2017)

Market at a glance

The Indian lighting industry is on a firm growth trajectory. The replacement of basic & inefficient incandescent, halogen, fluorescent lamps with modern LED lights will reduce electricity consumption. Indian lighting industry has witnessed a steady growth of over 10% in the past few years. There has been a perceivable shift in favor of LED lights owing to a rapid shift in the manufacturing of new products by old & new entrepreneurs. It is likely that the Indian lighting industry will continue to grow at a higher rate per annum, ranging between 13% & 15% until 2020. Anyhow, with a population of around 1.2 bn people, India is yet to provide electricity to around 0.3 bn people. If this section is connected to the grid, a further growth for the industry is on the cards. Lighting sector accounts for about 20% of the total power consumption in India. The per capita usage of lighting by its citizens also depends on the economic development of the country. According to a report by ELCOMA, the lighting industry is poised to reduce energy consumption for lighting from the present 18% of total power consumption to 13% by 2020 by introducing more energy efficient products & working more close with the govt. to execute various schemes & awareness programs. India’s energy demand, which was 770 mn TOE at the end of 2012, is likely to shoot up to nearly 1,500 mn TOE by 2030. This implies that energy production will increase, but based on the new govt. policy (Reducing Carbon Emissions by 20% by 2020) the rise in production must go hand in hand with a cut in emission levels. This gives an additional opportunity for LEDs & other green light related products to shine. Recently, the US govt. has also agreed to invest $4 bn into India’s energy production. The Prime Minister’s project “Energy to All” has also been initiated to increase energy production in India. This will further boost the Indian lighting industry. India, being the second most populous country in the world & fifth major electricity consumer, has been experiencing an ever-widening demand-supply gap in electricity. Consequently, the market for energy-efficient products such as LED lights is bound to grow. All the survey 70 || MAY 2018 ||

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participants felt that the moderately-growing lighting industry will now move at a faster pace, as the govt. is encouraging the use of LED lights in a big way. Other drivers are the Smart Cities project, & the increasing demand for a smart, connected lifestyle & energy-efficiency measures. According to a report by TechSci (a global research based consulting firm), the LED lighting market in India is projected to register a CAGR of over 30% during 2016-2021. The Electric Lamp & Component Manufacturers Association of India (ELCOMA) shares that the LED market in India is expected to grow to ₹ 216 bn by 2020. This leap will result in the LED market accounting for about 60% of India’s total lighting industry (approx. ₹ 376 bn) in 2020. The key factors that are expected to boost the market include falling LED prices coupled with favorable govt. initiatives that provide LED lights at a subsidized cost & promote LED street lighting projects. Moreover, rising consumer awareness about the cost-effectiveness, enhanced life, better efficiency & inherent eco-friendly nature of LED lights will continue to drive volume sales from the industrial, residential & commercial sectors.

Govt. facilitating wide scale implementation of LED lighting

According to a PIB announcement, by 2019, 770 mn LED bulbs & 35 mn LED streetlights will be deployed to replace conventional lights. Under the DDUGJY, 27.3 mn LED bulbs have to be distributed to BPL households. Over 2.1 mn conventional streetlights have already been replaced with LED streetlights across the country, under the Street Lighting National Program (SLNP). EESL is the implementing agency for SLNP. The installation of LED streetlights has resulted in annual energy savings of 295 mn kWh, avoided capacity usage of over 73MW & reduced carbon emissions by 230,000 mn tonnes annually. The project has been implemented across 23 states & union territories. State

No. of streetlights

Energy saved per year (kWh)

Rajasthan

704,891

99,054,808

Andhra Pradesh

586,037

82,352,849

Delhi

264,185

37,124,579

Gujarat

200,536

28,180,321

Goa

94,856

13,329,639

Top five states that have replaced conventional streetlights with LED lights (Source: PIB)

Current opportunities

LEDs are versatile products & so can be used for residential lighting, street lighting, downlights, landscaping, monument lighting, signage, traffic signals, security lights, ||www.electricalmirror.net||

industrial lighting, office space lighting, automotive lighting & much more. Low energy consumption, low costs, modular designs & ease of use have made LED lighting the first choice in industrial, commercial & domestic applications. According to survey participants, the top four demand-generating application areas are: Street lighting, Residential lighting, Office space lighting, & Industrial lighting. The demand for streetlights is driven by govt. initiatives, while in residential & office spaces, demand is mainly driven by increasing consumer awareness about energy-efficient products with more functionalities. In industrial areas, LEDs are used in warehouses, manufacturing floors, etc. In the hazardous work areas across industries, too, most of the new lighting being used is LED based. The demand for LED lighting in India is still mostly driven by its adoption in metro cities, mainly because of better awareness & higher socio-economic growth. Anyhow, the demand from Tier-II cities is also expected to grow based on requirements from the street lighting & industrial lighting domains. Currently, though, demand for LED lighting from rural India is still not sig.. The govt. (through EESL) will be implementing the first rural LED street lighting project by retrofitting 1 mn conventional streetlights with LED lights in the gram panchayats of seven districts of Andhra Pradesh under the Street Lighting National Project (SLNP). Further expansion of such initiatives across the country will open up new markets for the LED lighting industry. According to 57% of the survey participants, retrofit installations are more in demand compared to new installations.

Emerging tech. trends

LED lighting is going to open up immense possibilities not only by lowering energy consumption levels but also enhancing the overall lighting experience with respect to control, monitoring/sensing & connectivity, coupled with the convenience of longer life & improved aesthetics. Survey participants shared some insights about emerging tech. trends that will shape the LED lighting market in India.

Smart connected LED lights will be the next big thing: Lighting systems will get smarter, as

the possibility of autonomous, self-commissioning illumination systems is emerging. The industry has been transformed from analogue to digital as LED lighting allows users to control, monitor & measure lighting output. This transformation is taking place across public, home & professional lighting, & the smart connected LED lights will emerge as the largest IoT device segment within the next five to ten years. Control devices, dimmers & wireless lighting with advanced sensors will cater to the needs of modern consumers.

Changes in on board tech.: This will happen through ||www.electricalmirror.net||

the use of IC based drivers to support touch based tech., which is the need of the hour for smart lighting systems. This will also reduce the no. of components compared to those used in traditional drivers. Use of fewer components can reduce costs while enhancing the efficiency of the final product.

Use of Chip Scale Packaging (CSP) or ‘Flip Chip’ packaging tech.: This will enhance lumen output & also increase the reliability of the final product. Use of CSP eliminates the traditional sub-mount, directly attaching the LED die to the PCB, allowing for overall system cost reductions.

Introduction of driverless low voltage direct current (LVDC) operated products: This will enable

energy saving by reducing AC-DC current conversion losses. It will also make the products compatible with solar photovoltaic systems, helping them run as LED-solar hybrid systems, which will be quite effective in India.

Shift in manufacturing techniques from through-hole to surface mount tech. (SMT): This

will enhance efficiency while reducing operational costs. This, in turn, will help achieve break-even points quickly, in spite of a relatively higher capex.

Moving forward

The immediate challenges that could derail the growth of this industry in India. Mushrooming low quality, unauthorized manufacturing units making sub-standard products, & low cost Chinese imports of poor quality could result in low consumer confidence. Lack of awareness among consumers as well as institutional buyers about the efficiency of LEDs with respect to lux, wattage, life expectancy, etc. This results in the use of products with higher wattage but lower efficiency. The inability to make LED chips & micro-chips results in their being imported at high cost. This also limits the development of a wider variety of LED light fixtures, reducing the no. of colours used, apart from hampering performance & crippling innovations in LED lighting. Absence of a sufficient no. of LED packaging units results in a high dependence on imports. Use of inefficient drivers results in higher energy usage as well as product failure. An acute shortage of experts from fields likes chemical, electronics optics, lighting & thermal management, all of whom are required for manufacturing LED chips. Successfully resolving the above mentioned issues through appropriate industry initiatives & govt. intervention will not only help the LED lighting industry to achieve sustainable growth but also help the country to move towards greater self-sufficiency in power generation. This will make more power available to the public, so that within the next 2-3 years, electricity can reach even the far-flung hamlets & the hutments of the poor, many

of whom have never seen any artificial light other than oil lamps.

Illuminating Affordable Homes

Electricity consumption debates, for the most part, focus on high-rise residential & commercial establishments, often ignoring low-income housing. The rationale for this omission is the low level of electricity use in affordable housing, with the assumption that little is at stake from its consideration in national energy & climate debates. This, anyhow, may no longer be true. As India urbanises, housing has been unable to keep pace. The housing shortage is reported to be near 19 mn units, with low-income households accounting for the largest proportion. The govt.’s ‘Housing for All’ program aims to fill this gap by providing affordable housing for 20 mn households by 2022. This new construction will partly condition future energy use from the provision of basic services, with increased access to electricity & commercial appliance markets. Lighting forms a large share of electricity services availed by low-income homes & consequently the electricity bill. Technologically, LED bulbs provide the largest reduction in lighting electricity consumption, without reducing the amount of light provided, & with a lifespan that is up to 25 times that of an ordinary bulb. Anyhow, LED bulbs cost more, which can deter the willingness of households to pay. As described in this series’ previous post, the govt.’s UJALA scheme has increased the use of LEDs by bringing down costs & increasing awareness. Anyhow, the program’s impacts on low income households, those with the potential for max benefits, are not yet clear. Are lower income households purchasing technologically advanced LED bulbs? CPR conducted a survey in 2017, about a year after the launch of the UJALA scheme, in Rajkot, Gujarat to examine lighting services in low-income homes and found LED penetration in the sample surveyed is remarkably high at 63% of all bulbs.

LED penetration in the affordable housing sample (stock level) Source: Rajkot affordable housing energy survey (Khosla et al., in preparation)

Household assets, LED penetration and awareness

To understand this high rate of LED use, CPR categorised results according to the 3 types of govt. ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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pecial Theme: LED Lighting

affordable housing: BSUP or Basic Services for the Urban Poor (built 2007 onwards); EWS or Economically Weaker Sections; & LIG or Low Income Groups housing (EWS & LIG are built under the Housing for All program, 2015 onwards). The categories broadly correlate to income – BSUP residents, on average, being the poorest in the sample, & LIG, the best off. Figure shows that the widespread use of LEDs is especially true for EWS & LIG categories, with more than 90% having at least one LED. Tube lights, CFLs, & incandescent bulbs on the other hand have lower penetration rates in these homes. Further, homes are buying more than one LED. The mode no. of LEDs in a EWS home is three, & in LIG homes is five. This is within the no. provided under the UJALA scheme in Rajkot, which is up to 10 subsidised LEDs per home at Rs. 80 per 9W bulb. They also found that LED ownership, standardised for home sizes, is correlated with household assets or their ability to consume (Figure 3). Richer homes buy more LEDs, though a degree of incandescent bulbs persist in the system. & while Figures 2 & 3 show a strikingly high rate of LED use, they also show that not all homes have made this transition. Specifically, BSUP homes – which are of the lowest-income of the three categories – have about half the LED penetration compared with EWS & LIG homes (Figure 2) & the mode no. of LEDs owned in BSUP homes is zero.

Lighting ownership across the consumption asset index (standardized for no. of rooms). Source: Rajkot affordable housing energy survey (Khosla et al., in preparation)

Awareness rates of the LED & Smart Cities schemes. Source: Rajkot affordable housing energy survey (Khosla et al., in preparation)

Household LED penetration rates. Source: Rajkot affordable housing energy survey (Khosla et al., in preparation 72 || MAY 2018 ||

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Awareness of the LED scheme maps on to the ownership of LED bulbs in housing types. EWS & LIG homes are much more aware about the scheme, & own many more LEDs, while the reverse is true for BSUP. To test if awareness about govt. schemes was generally high, or whether this was particular to UJALA, CPR also asked households of their awareness of the Smart City scheme which is well advertised in the city. <1% of households reported awareness of this flagship city scheme; compared with high awareness of UJALA. At the same time, it is ||www.electricalmirror.net||

not that all households know about the LED scheme; especially not the poorer BSUP homes. It is found from discussions with residents that the most successful scheme awareness measure was the info. that persons (predominantly men) got at the local utility bill payment centre. Bill payers could purchase LEDs at the payment centre itself, including with no upfront cost & monthly instalments, an option available by a third of the purchasers as per scheme representatives. Learning about a money saving scheme at the point of bill payment worked well to motivate participation. In addition, media campaigns for the scheme were imp. for those who spent time watching TV or listening to the radio, especially women. Anyhow, homes with different circumstances, such as in lower income BSUP homes; where electricity connections & payment structures could be informal; radio & TV were used less; & bills were paid by younger family members because of multiple jobs; did not benefit similarly. In the next round of LED deployment, unpacking these differences in scheme awareness will be imp. to influence path dependent lighting use patterns.

Way forward and Conclusion

With the growing demand for LED lighting across sectors & the Govt.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s policy push of making LED products mainstream, the lighting industry in India is today witnessing a churn. The LED adoption rate has increased drastically in the last couple of years & we are fast nearing the day when LEDs will gain complete acceptance in urban as well as rural India. One of the major growth drivers behind this all is the EESLâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s UJALA scheme which has completely transformed the energy efficiency market in India. The scheme, which aims to replace conventional lights with affordable LED lights by deploying 770 mn bulbs & 35 mn street lights by 2019, has turned out to be an enormous success. It has also triggered investment, technological innovation & indigenous manufacturing in line with the Make in India initiative. As demand increases & the manufacturing tech. continue to advance, expected that LED lighting to become even more affordable in the coming years. With LEDs offering an array of benefits including energy efficiency, cost effectiveness, longevity & greater design flexibility, lighting is now no more a necessity but a lifestyle requirement. Consumers today are more informed & more involved, they no more look at lighting as some product but as a complete package while considering varied factors such as design, aesthetics, functionality, efficiency, output & longevity. While key influencers in this category for increasing LED awareness include govt., architects, designers & electricians, brands also can be instrumental in educating consumers about multiple benefits of switching to LED lighting. In recent times, Indian lighting industry has also started to focus on ||www.electricalmirror.net||

delivering customized lighting solutions besides the basic fixture with an aim to cater to varied aesthetic preferences, needs & usage environments. Of late, the demand for high quality programmable & customized LED lighting solutions has grown sig. Modern Indian consumers are seeking LED lighting fixtures in different shapes & sizes in order to complement the design & decor of their spaces. LEDs come in an array of colours which gives interior decorators the freedom to think outside the box & use the changing colors to pep up the decor. Indian lighting brands are acknowledging this shift by investing more in R&D & manufacturing with an objective to deliver aesthetically pleasing lighting products to the new age consumers. An interesting shift has also been seen in the retailing process, especially in case of decorative lighting, wherein brands are turning to experience led purchasing models. A major development in the Indian lighting landscape is that the manufacturing today is not limited to lighting CoS only; instead, many other small players that excel in electronics & LED sources have jumped on the bandwagon. The market has opened up & the organised sector is facing the heat as these new entrants are offering technologically advanced LED solutions at very competitive prices. The trends have made it clear that the lighting CoS need to decide whether they want to focus on electronics competence or change their capabilities to LED assembly. Although Govt. is encouraging industries, institutes, industry associations to develop educational & testing facilities, it has not got satisfactory results. Apart from above to bring confidence in the mind of the users, following aspects also need to be addressed: Increase energy efficiency in India to create consumer awareness for LED lamps & luminaires & thereby generate demand for them, to bring down the power consumption at the national level. Quality Benchmark Develop Standard & Laboratories for LED Testing lay down standards for imported & indigenously manufactured parts & create our quality benchmark for exporting Make in India LED products. Local demand increase manufacturing capability to cater to the local Indian market to discourage importing sub-standard parts & products. Technical advancement keeps the stakeholders aware of recent advancements in the field of LEDs through seminars, conferences, workshops, bulletins on website etc. Cost effectiveness is instrumental in bringing down the cost of LEDs in India to make it affordable for commercial & domestic use through monitoring, smart controls & a common pool of resources. Global presence provides impetus for India to rise on the world map for quality & safe LED products & its contribution to a cleaner & greener environment. It is further felt that there is a huge potential for the unemployed rural youth to train them for the operation & maintenance of all these solar

systems empowering them to solve their problems at their community level. Although tremendous scope or potential exists, but considering the present status of MSMEs in solar & LED which includes manufacturers, assemblers, designers, academicians & students, nothing much has been done in this direction to develop infrastructural facilities specifically in the areas of skill development & quality monitoring. An integrating approach is, therefore, required to promote & form a consortium of solar & LED professionals or MSMEs. Although Indian Society of Lighting Engineers (ISLE) is instrumental in developing academic courses since 1988, still there appears to be a lack of interest in students & their parents to opt for career in this upcoming field. The LED bulbs revolution that started 2 years back has become a success story. LED bulb industry is going strong, we now have an exhaustive range in the category covering all possible wattages & applications like high-wattage bulbs for commercial & industrial use & decorative & candle shaped lamps for residential applications. Key challenge for the industry remains the import of cheap & low-quality LED products & the dependency on Import of LED chips. Anyhow, the growing demand for made-in-India LED products, ramping up of indigenous manufacturing capacities, stringent import requirements & implementation of standardized norms will gradually put the brakes on the import of inferior quality imported counterparts. It is believed that the next phase of growth will be triggered by LED streetlights & LED battens & tubes. Speaking of LED battens, a modest assumption brings out the fact if all 24.8 Cr. households in India use 2 LED battens for a year, there will be annual cost saving of approx. Rs. 24000 Cr. & annual energy saving of about 4000 Cr. kWh. The govt. has already rolled out energy efficiency initiatives to transform the markets for street lighting & tube lights. Retrofitting market is also shaping up strong as modern consumers do not want to be stuck with the same lighting for 10-12 years & this will further boost demand for LED lighting solutions. Without doubt, future looks bright for LED lighting industry & the Indian CoS will be able to address the challenges facing product quality & customization, technological competence & taxation policies.

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pecial Feature: Renewable Energy

o more than 1.8% of the funds released for Smart Cities Mission (SCM) have been utilized since its launch in 2015, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Urban Development has reported. SCM is a flagship scheme of current govt. Launched in 2015, it aims to create 100 smart cities, improve the quality of life for urban residents & steer Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rapid urbanization. It proposes to do this by using technology & data-driven solutions to promote investment & growth in cities. With Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban population expected to reach 600 mn by 2031, an increase of nearly 40% from 2011, urban development is key to ensure a smooth transition to a predominantly urban economy.

RenewSmart: Indian Renewable Energy Sector and the Smart Cities Project

Funds Allocated, Released & Utilized By Urban Development Programmes Scheme

Funds Allocated

Funds Released

Funds Utilised

FR vs FU%

AMRUT

12447.19

8629.36

2480.43

28.74

HRIDAY

700.00

247.15

33.59

13.59

Smart Cities

10084.2

9943.22

182.62

1.83

7690.52

5847.92

2223.22

38.01

U r b a n 2600.83

1514.85

850.34

56.13

Swachh Bharat National Livelihood

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

15025.9

10011.89

2080.52

20.78

Total

48548.64

36194.39

7850.72

21.6

Source: Twenty second report of Standing Committee on Urban Development (2017-2018)

Smart Cities Mission: Echoes & Failures

First round of cities selected to participate in SCM are due to be completed between the FYs 2019-20 & 2020-21. However, the 22nd Report of the Standing Committee on Urban Development (2017-18) shows that since the mission’s launch in 2015, just Rs 182 Cr. has been utilized from the Rs 9,943.22 Cr. Released amounting to 1.8%. In fact, all six flagship schemes that the govt. promises will bring “an urban renaissance” Smart Cities Mission, Swachh Bharat, National Urban Livelihood, AMRUT, PMAY & HRIDAY; have together used 21% of the funds allocated. That is Rs 7,850.72 Cr. of the Rs 36,194.39 Cr. available. National Livelihood Mission used the most Rs 850 Cr., 56% of funds released followed by Swachh Bharat Rs 2,223 Cr. or 38%, & AMRUT Rs 2,480 Cr. or 29%. Even after 3 years into the Mission the majority of the identified projects are still at the stage of preparation of detailed project report,” the committee said. Just 3% of projects; 23 of the 642 selected under SCM–were completed by Feb’17, valued at Rs 305 Cr. of Rs 38,021 Cr. made available), as IndiaSpend reported on 27 Jan’18. A shortage of urban planners is holding up many projects, the report said. India is expected to fall short of 1.1 mn urban planners by 2020. The Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs told the committee that currently 5,500 town planners are working nationwide, & that 600 are graduating each year from the National Institutes of Technology, Indian Institutes of Technology & various engineering colleges, the report said. However, it added, this is not likely to help meet current completion targets for smart cities & it is the responsibility of state govt. to improve the situation. Lack of capacity had been a lingering problem with the previous govt.’s urban programme, the JNNURM, too, as this 2015 research paper showed. The committee also highlighted reports that one agency was often “undoing the work done by another agency”, stating that they “strongly feel that lack of coordination between implementing agencies is a major reason why the intended benefits of SCM are still not visible to the public”. Since schemes such as AMRUT & Swachh Bharat are mandated to work on similar infra. & urban renewal projects, the committee advised municipal authorities to ensure greater cooperation between each programme to avoid wasting funds & further delaying projects. JNNURM had similarly suffered shortfalls in implementation & fund utilisation, largely due to a lack of capacity at the local administration level, IndiaSpend reported in May 2013. From 2005 to 2014, just

pecial Feature: Renewable Energy

37% of urban infra. projects & 52% of basic urban services projects were completed under JNNURM. Rs 54 Cr. had remained unspent by the end of the programme. A report released by the CAG in Nov’12 reviewing JNNURM performance had pointed to poor project management, recruitment challenges & difficulty in doing business at the municipal level. States & union territories had been requested to set up state level nodal agencies to manage project execution & build project implementation units. However, the CAG report found that 10 states had not established these, & in several states vacancies had remained unfilled. Similarly, special purpose vehicles, tasked with appraising & releasing funds, as well as managing smart city project implementation, were equally slow to begin operation. & there were reports of cities taking over a year to appoint project management consultants. For instance, Kochi, selected for development as a smart city in Feb’16, had yet to complete a single project due to burdensome legislation & delays in appointing a project management consultant by Feb’17.

Renewable Energy (RE) in Smart Cities

Decades ago, in the quest of transforming the cities into a technological arena the role of environment had gone unnoticed. But fortunately, today people across the globe have become cognizant of the impact of global warming, constantly changing climates & other adverse environmental conditions which are today signs of warning but tomorrow may turn out to be more severe. Nonetheless, there is an opportunity in the long run in the face of RE which can efficiently reverse these unappealing conditions. The decisionmakers of the developed as well as developing cities are taking beneficent measures to lead cities to 100% RE usage. Yet, the path between is not easy. It is brimmed with ample challenges. What are these challenges? Rise in population has resulted in increased use of presently available energy. This energy comes from the combustion of fossil fuels. Nearly 70% of carbon dioxide is emitted out from cities. Due to the fact, 70% of the cities around the world are suffering from the negative impact of climate change. Besides, 76 || MAY 2018 ||

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more than half of the cities are situated on the coastal region, which is why the danger from rising sea levels & storms is ever increasing. As a matter of fact, excessive energy using habits have leaded us to high levels of air pollution & noise pollution. World Health Organization reports that 90% of urban people are dealing with highly contaminated air levels. As per International RE Agency by duplicating the contribution of renewables in the global energy mix by 2030, mns of job opportunities & improved health conditions will tremendously rise & give an impetus to global economy. It is estimated that renewables will help economy boost up to USD 1.3 tn. The RE & energy efficiency hand in hand are ready to shape the future growth of smart cities. The energy goals accomplished will offer citizens clean energy at affordable prices & a refreshing global ecosystem which will remain under manageable circumstances.

Challenges Faced By Smart Cities

RE is available in the form of geothermal energy, wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy & tidal energy. But the fact is, every region has its own unique geographical limits, climatic conditions & the accessibility to a particular renewable resource. For instance, from 2010-14 Netherlands was able to increase the take up of RE by just 1.8%. Partially the reason being the flat & sub-sea level landscape. On the other hand, switching to renewable resources means giving an urban area entirely new energy shape. Every building, transport & other utilities require reconsideration on the primary level. Basically, a rigorous & holistic approach towards setting up the usage is enormously required. Alongside, there exist factors like sustainability of energy & economy. If a thorough planning is needed to supply RE to the society, a parallel planning is inevitably needed to sustain the maintenance of that energy. This includes investments up to billions of dollars, economic stability & man power. This isn’t a hard task to surmount if the collaboration among the companies & municipalities is carried out effectively.

Dream Project To 2030

thriving towards a goal yet to be achieved. This goal is of green environment, cost-effective clean RE & marked reduction in carbon emissions. Here are some of the potential regions of the world aiming at empowering their cities with a better healthier place to live in by 2030.

USA: The nation has always proved its capability to the world in all spheres of progress. Back in 2011, the country initiated a program identified as ‘SunShot’. This initiative aims at making US a solar superpower. It began with solar electricity supply by less than 0.1% & today the percentage has reached a hike of 1%. This shows the renewable power is witnessing new levels of horizon in US. They are about to hit the 2020 target of achieving $0.06 of cost per kilowatt-hour for solar power consumption scale. All the more, 2030 target is to subside this cost to as less as $0.03 per kilowatt-hour. This is in fact far more less than the cost of fossil fuels. Again in 2015, the govt. announced that US requires a reduction in use of fossil fuels by an exponential growth of RE. The next goal set was to generate 20% of electricity from renewables excluding hydroelectric resources. Dubai: The energy policies of UAE intend at regulating

the primary energy sources & its consumption. At the same time, stimulating the use of solar power for desalination of water (for household consumption). Govt. aims at establishing equilibrium between green environment & the economic needs. UAE has set the goals to switch 50% of its energy sources to renewables by 2050. For the same, it is investing $163 bns in the upcoming energy projects. In 2015, Dubai commenced a new project named as ‘Shams’ (It means Sun in Arabic). This project started with a vision of having solar panels on every rooftop of the Emirates. By far, more than 300 large buildings in Dubai have been accommodated with solar panels for energy utilisation. At present, according to World Bank’s list, UAE stands at eighth position based on its per capita greenhouse gases emission. The progress clearly exhibits that UAE is all set to outperform the 2030 objective.

At the global level, every nation & its cities are ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Amsterdam: The port of Amsterdam has pledged to liberate the city from coal consumption by 2030. It has already paved the path by promoting start-ups & investments in clean energy. Currently, coal consumption has seen a 7.5% fall & further aims at dropping down to 29% in the coming five years. The port is constructing a 100,000 square meter solar array which is to be completed by 2020. Furthermore, the city established the Energy Atlas Service in 2014. This project is in discourse with the ‘Transform’, an all Europe program of smart cities development & low-carbon emissions. The Energy Atlas Service paves way to availability of energy production & consumption data. It answers the queries of RE supply, demands, future possibilities & opportunities which can help in leading the city towards 100% clean energy usage. Australia: The country is ranked as 13th largest

economy of the world. Australia has given the world a distinguished vision towards providing qualified health, environment, education, economic freedom & ultimately the life. According to several reports, Australia has high potential of transforming energy into 100% renewables. This was observed feasible & functional at the economic level. Australia too aims at converting 23.5% of conventional power generation into clean energy consumption by 2030. The main sources of attention are wind, solar & hydroelectric energy. However, due to recent energy crisis, the govt. is said to have faced opposition from federal labors on account of 2030 target. The labors deny legislating the policy. Despite the fact, govt. is laying down new renewable policies for a better future. Currently, Australia is on the path of reviewing the climate policies.

Smart Cities: Transforming through RE

India is witnessing unparalleled transformation from rural to predominantly urban living over the last two decades. It is expected that the smart cities will include a large no. of infra. services & smart solutions. In particular, the elements that must form part of a smart city are assured electricity supply with at least 10% of the smart city’s energy requirement coming from solar & smart metering. RE technologies will contribute a lot in achieving objectives of the Smart Cities Mission to make them zero polluting & self-sustaining cities. RE like Solar Energy has a lot much to contribute in that. Rooftop Solar Energy will make smart cities households self-sustaining in their energy requirements. Solar Energy is also zero polluting energy. Effective & efficient utilization of available rooftops with net metering facilities allowing excess generation to be fed into grid will definitely do the basic fulfillment of mission of self-sufficiency in green energy need. Small solar parks can be made an integral part of Smart Cities so as to fulfill any ||www.electricalmirror.net||

additional such requirements. Apart from rooftop solar, the solar energy can be harnessed in other forms like solar street lighting, solar water heaters, solar pumps, solar traffic signals, solar concentrators based cooking. There is need for further improvement in efficiencies of Solar Production & Smart Storage Solutions so as to better achieve these objectives. Further other RE technology that has to contribute more in this mission is waste-to-energy. The solid wastes that are produced can be converted into energy & other bio products that will make these smart cities also self-sustaining in energy & bio fertilizers requirements & also release zero wastes from these households. Sewage treatment plants with biogas & power generation should be in the planning of smart cities. Promotion & planning of Green Buildings in Smart Cities with integrated RE & energy conservation systems can save about 30 to 40% of conventional energy used in buildings. For this, energy efficient green buildings on solar passive designs need to be promoted in Smart Cities.

Sustainable energy integration in Smart Cities

Let’s take a look at the cards that nature has dealt India as far as energy reserves are concerned. India has the world’s fifth largest reserves of coal at 267 bn tons. However, just 20 bn tons are extractable. India’s reserves of oil (894k barrels/day production vs. 3,727k barrels/day consumption, 2013) & natural gas (33.7 bn cubic meters production vs. 51.4 bn cubic meters consumption, 2013) are <1% of the world’s proven reserves. This is surely not a very good advertisement for energy security, a very critical measure of economic & national security, & thus deserves urgent attention. Hence we must invest in installation, indigenization, research, development, & capacity building in RE technologies, energy efficiency technologies, & energy storage technologies vigorously. However, fossil fuels are here to stay for a few decades if not longer. Hence, it’s imp. that a few technologies be considered for research, development & deployment through the transition phase from fossil fuels to renewable forms of energy.

Fossil Energy with CO2 Capture & Storage (CCS)

CCS prevents CO2 emissions from entering the atmosphere by grabbing point-of-source emissions & interring them into storage site such as geological formations or in the form mineral carbonates. However, capturing, compressing & sometimes transportation to the storage site increases fuel requirement by 10-40%, thereby reducing the efficacy in proportion to the extra fuel required. As a result the financial feasibility of this technology is questionable.

Shale (natural) gas: a transition fuel

Natural gas produces about half the CO2 emissions than coal for the same quantum of energy generated. However, latest research points out that if natural gas leakage is even 3.2%, then natural gas is as bad as from extraction to consumption. However, this claim has been contested that more careful studies by the Environmental Protection Agency put the leakage at below 1.5%. Additionally, given the differentials in the decay of methane gas on burning natural gas as opposed to CO2 in burning oil or coal, the former is still a better bet. The 5th AR of the IPCC also suggests, backed by robust evidence, that the replacement of “current world average coalfired power plants with modern, highly efficient natural gas combined-cycle power plants or combined heat & power plants, provided that natural gas is available & the fugitive emissions associated with extraction & supply are low or mitigated is the way forward. In another research, it has been claimed that the leakage is > 3.2% starting from extraction to consumption. However, this claim has been contested that more careful studies by Environmental Protection Agency put the leakage at below 1.5%. Additionally, given the differentials in decay of methane gas on burning natural gas as opposed to CO2 in burning oil or coal, the former is still a better bet. The 5th AR of the IPCC also suggests, backed by robust evidence, that the replacement of current world average coalfired power plants with modern, highly efficient natural gas combined-cycle power plants or combined heat & power plants, provided that natural gas is available & fugitive emissions associated with extraction & supply are low or mitigated is the way forward.

Underground Coal Gasification (UCG)

This seems to be a plausible case for India. UCG is applied in situations where coal reserves are not technically or commercially extractable. According to a survey of National Resources, 2007, World Energy Council, UCG can help exploit 600 BTs of unreachable coal reserves. According to Lawrence Livermore National Lab, the exploitable USA coal reserves can be enhanced by 300% by UCG. Considering most of India’s coal reserves might be inextricable, UCG might just be the technology that is required at the moment. UCG has a positive social & environmental impact. It doesn’t require mining & hence it minimizes hazard to life & flora & fauna. Also, the environmental impact is minimal. There is no surface damage because there is no extraction process involved. As a result of minimal surface damage, noxious gases such as SO2 & NOx are not discharged into the atmosphere. There is a possibility that UCG can be used with CCS. On the flip side there are a no. of operational concerns with the technology & so judgment needs to be tempered in the light of recent incidents, one of which was in Australia where the govt. filed charges ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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pecial Feature: Renewable Energy

of environmental damages against Linc Energy UCG plant in 2014. Further, in 2010, Bulletin of Atomic Sciences asserted that UCG could lead to a quadrupling of CO2 emissions if used without CCS.

RE generation

Considering the relatively nascent situation of the various mitigation options for fossil fuel energy, we can see that the scope for localizing these technologies is still limited. Hence a switch to renewable sources of energy is highly desirable with more investment in R&DD for renewables.

Wind: India has an installed capacity of 22.5 GW as

of December 2014. The potential of wind energy in India has been measured at 100 GW by the Center for Wind Energy Technology & MNRE. Further India’s offshore wind energy sector is said to have a potential ranging between 127 to 350 to 500 GW. Even as the best sites for wind in India are taken up, making incremental micro-sites more capital intensive, there is opportunity in the unexplored potential in offshore wind energy. Also, bigger wind turbines can replace smaller outdated wind turbines of lower capacity at older sites. Indigenizing technology & linking the development of renewables to the Make in India initiative would help reduce the capital cost and net operating cost to the country.

Solar: India has an installed capacity of 3.06 GW as of December 2014. India has a potential of 750 GW of solar energy, according to the National Institute of Solar Energy. As technology improves the capacity utilization factors, the use of rooftop solar would become ubiquitous & the penetration levels of solar should increase. Financial incentives for adopting this green power should be given in a more systematic institutionalized & targeted manner. 78 || MAY 2018 ||

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Waste to energy: India generates about 62 mn

tons of waste. This no. is expected to reach 436 mn tons in 2050. At present, India’s municipalities lack an institutionalized functional mechanism to dispose waste appropriately. As a result 81% of the waste generated is dumped indiscriminately. It has been estimated that if mechanisms to handle this waste are not devised by 2050, a dump yard of the size of London with a height of 10 meters would be required to accommodate it. Today, India boasts of just 8 waste to energy (W2E) plants, 29 refuse derived fuel (RDF) plants, 172 bio-methanation plants & 279 compost plants. Most of the W2E plants are defunct for various reasons such as lack of financial due diligence, non-supply of quality/ quantity waste contracted for, lack of know-how, inadequate market infra. & Not In My Back Yard (NIMBY) concerns. India’s waste to energy potential as estimated by a govt. task force will be around 556 MW by 2050. This might be moderate but that should not be a reason to overlook the realizable potential. The W2E sector should not be looked merely as an energy generation sector but as complementary to sectors such as waste management, health, sanitation & water. The direct benefits & co-benefits of waste to energy far outweigh the efforts & cannot be merely captured in the shallow no. of 556 MW of generation potential.

Smart grids & meters: India’s sustainable energy challenge does not stop at generation but continues into the transmission & distribution (T&D) sector as well. As of 2012, T&D losses for electricity were 24% as reported by the CEA. This compares poorly to the world average of 9.8% in 2010. India’s Southern Grid was only recently synchronized with the rest of India with the commissioning of the Raichur- Sholapur 765 KV line in Dec’13. India has currently invested in the

development of smart grids with some seriousness. 14 smart grid pilots have been approved. They will be evaluated as proof of concepts for techno commercial feasibilities & then scaled up. The purpose of the smart grids would be to essentially take care of the aggregate technical & commercial losses, RE integration, peak load management, power quality improvement, creation of micro grids & distributed generation. Smart meters, though strictly speaking are essential for smart grid infra. can also be viewed as a standalone area of intervention that needs to be addressed in parallel with reducing losses. Smart meters can allow power to be fed back into the grid from households that have a surplus while also helping households monitor their consumption & lower their energy bills.

Energy Efficiency: India’s energy intensity (quantum of energy required for a unit of GDP) has lagged behind that of most nations. According to the Ministry Of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MOSPI), in 1970-71, India’s energy intensity was 0.128 KWh. This has only risen marginally in 41 years to 0.148 KWh. The 5th AR of the IPCC clearly points to energy efficiency & behavioral changes as a key mitigation strategy in scenarios for reaching atmospheric CO2eq concentrations of about 450 ppm by 2100, without sacrificing growth. Adoption & implementation of green building codes that specify various parameters for applicable ‘moving parts’ of the building energy infra. is the most intuitive step. Again, the 5th AR of the IPCC strongly advocates such adoption & retrofitting existing buildings & goes on to say -“Building codes & appliance standards, if well designed & implemented, have been among the most environmentally & cost-effective instruments for emission reductions.” Internet of Things (IoT): Given the multi-bn dollar ||www.electricalmirror.net||

business that the idea of the IoT is expected to become, it feels strange to bracket it as a sub head under Energy Efficiency or a sub-head itself under Sustainable Energy. However, the bracketing is exact, considering the definitional mooring of IoT is most relevant to the characteristics of Energy Efficiency. IoT has direct implications for the energy sector through technologies such as Smart Grids & Smart Meters, which are essentially examples of IoT. However, Smart Grids are just a subset of IoT that has wider applications, particularly in the transport sector, buildings, industry & healthcare. IoT, in a mature stage, 5-10 years hence could help drive autonomous cars or at least make cars more efficient in terms of traffic management & parking space location. In its current shape, pilot projects are currently being run to test parking sensors & autonomous pods. Autonomous car tests would begin in the UK by the Department of Transport in 2015. Yet another application would be in traffic management. Road Safety would also be enhanced through sensors that can prevent collisions. Transportation of goods can improve through streamlining of supply chains by providing better information on the location & condition of goods. Similarly, applications in other sectors such as industry, healthcare & agriculture are aplenty. However, like most good things, IoT comes with strings attached. At present, IoT is an energy guzzler because of a flaw in the design of the devices – devices are designed to be either more or less completely switched on or off & not to be “slightly” awake or sleeping. The existing concept of standby mode doesn’t actually dramatically reduce the energy consumption - or at least not by enough to give energy planners, policy makers & policy strategists sufficient reassurance. There are 14 bn computing devices today, expected to reach 100 bn in 2030 & 500 billon in subsequent decades (OCED, 2012). Even at steady growth in the no. of these devices the energy consumption implications are huge. It has been estimated that the energy lost because of more & more devices being “always on standby” mode, is 616 TWh or equivalent to the energy consumption of Canada. This no. is expected to jump to 1140 TWh by 2025 (equivalent of 6% of current electricity consumption of Russia). Clearly, this presents a huge challenge in terms of reducing energy redundancy.

Integrating smart grid solutions

Incorporation of the smart grid technology in the smart cities project will offer a unique opportunity to jump into an improved electricity environment & provide reliable 24x7 electricity to consumers. Through smart grids it will be possible to integrate the coal & crude oil generated electricity with the solar & wind. This will reduce fossil fuel use & encourage price drops in renewable technology. Further, current smart grids are ||www.electricalmirror.net||

also building the technology to integrate consumerowned energy systems which will benefit customers further – they will not have to pay for the electricity generated by themselves. Smart grids can also monitor loading thus avoiding load shedding & blackouts. Moreover adopting the ‘islanding’ technique will help ensure that Indian cities get uninterrupted supply of power. Islanding which refers to a condition in which a source continues to get power in a location even when the electricity from the grid is not amenable to being continued due to disturbance in such system, which infact, if allowed to remain connected under such situations, could lead to distribution system itself go-down & sulk/sink along with interconnected grid. So, islanding helps the distribution network bid itself to get absolutely isolated to a harms-away situation from the adjoining grid interconnections. This is used to simulate the said area is an island with no other system existing besides its own elements of Power Generation, Transmission & Distribution, which work in perfect harmony & let the consumer not feel any interruption or change of state, where a lot serious activity is happening in the adjunct systems outside of this island. Innovations for combating space constraint like pole mounted transformers, natural ester-filled transformers, underground feeder pillars, e-house DSS & using indigenously designed outdoor meter panel box for societies will help setting up the infra’s where alternative spaces are not available. Demand Side Management will form an essential part to manage the load. Technologies like Thermal Energy Storage Technology will in shifting load from peak to off peak hours by using practical, financially viable & proven technologies. With the use of ‘Thermal Energy Storage Technology’ the central AC plants can run in the night & convert water in the form of ice. During day-time, the AC plants are switched off & building is cooled by the energy stored in the form ice. Thus, air-conditioning is provided during day-time without actually running the large AC plants. Smart Infra. is another imp. aspect of the Smart Cities project. Intelligent power networks with the implementation of specialized IT solutions are going to be essential. The Radio frequency (RF) metering is the step towards providing error free bills & eliminating the entry process of a utility person in premises for meter reading. Radio frequency waves are a form of electromagnetic energy that are used for a variety of purposes, like telecommunications. In a word, these are Smart meters that use low-energy radio frequency waves to transmit information across distances. Radio Frequency Meters will enable a step further on providing error free bills & eliminating the entry process of a utility person in premises for meter reading. The data received will used for automated generation of bills ruling out any

human intervention. The players are expected to not only increasingly contribute to the infrastructural advancement but also innovate new technology so as to enrich customer contentment & manage their assets effectively. Innovation will be a key to the success of this initiative. One such innovation is the RFID technology that will play a critical role in this arena. RFID is a technology wherein there is wireless use of electromagnetic fields to transfer data, for automatic identification & tracking tags attached to objects. RFID is a method for Automatic Identification & capturing of data. The use of the RFID technology will bring in efficiency & thus support power utilities to manage transmission & distribution assets effectively. The technology will help in faster tracking of location & identification of the assets in the field. Even recording the movement of asset from one plant will be easier. Verification process will be faster & all assets can be covered every year accurately with no manual interventions. The real time data can be configured & errors arising out of manual verification process can be eliminated. In order to make smart cities a reality & to propel India into the future India needs sustainable, reliable & uninterrupted power supply. This means that we as a nation not only need to maximize & increase the efficiency of power generation from traditional sources of power such as coal & oil but also that we need to put a greater focus on developing new & RE. The net metering policy will enable individuals to generate power & feed in to the grid. Developing India’s capability in the new & RE space is another key requirement to ensure success of the smart cities project. India has immense potential in this area & many efforts have already been initiated by the govt. for the development of solar energy. India’s challenges with harnessing RE are unique. For example, accumulation of dust on solar panels & high per unit cost of energy are some of the challenges the RE industry in India faces. Hence it is imp. to increase & incentivize focus on developing indigenous technology & indigenous solutions.

Conclusion

India is witnessing unparalleled transformation from rural to predominantly urban living over the last two decades. From 2001-11, the no. of metropolitan cities in India has increased from 35- 53. At present, these cities account for 43% of the urban population in the country. Furthermore, the no. of these metropolitan cities is expected to increase to 87 by the year 2031. It has been estimated that the urban population in the country would almost double from 2014 to 2050. The power sector will play a huge role in ensuring that the challenges being presented by India’s unprecedented growth are met. The Indian power sector needs to be enabled & empowered so that it can be a propel India’s growth & not hinder it. ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Guest Article

Relay Controlled Wiring System for SMART Infrastructures

rchitects and Electrical Engineering companies face increased demands for reliability and safety and an evolving energy saving mix. This articleprovides an innovative idea with methods and solutions for easy wiring solutions for buildings across the spectrum of residential, commercial, factory and plant level installations. This new concept will help to effectively manage wiring solutions for Lights that need to be controlled from multiple points. 80 || MAY 2018 ||

STEP RELAY

If you are familiar with a bi-stable relay, then you know that a relay can keep its status (On/Off) without applying a continuous power. A step relay which we´d like to introduce here, works on similar principle but yet is mechanically different from conventional latching relays, and it also features this energy-saving property - i.e. maintaining the On/Off status even without a power supply. A step relay is usually available with

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an AC/DC coil and it´s very simply controllable by one push-button wall mounted switch (momentary SPST-NO). The design of this compact yet powerful step relay is a driving coil which moves a contact mechanism. Each switching of a relay (switching a power to a coil) moves a mechanism in one “step” further. In the simplest case the sequence looks as On/Off/On/... But it also can be in other way too. For example Finder 26 series step relay (picture above) is constructed as a “small switch”, which can be placed inside a ceiling/wall mounted concealedjunction box or inside a wall mounted distribution board. This is enabled by a control signal (not power supply) through simple push-button switches (not the flush type switches), controlling its coil, which are connected in parallel if required. In result, the circuitry gets much simpler and to control one or more lighting circuits from one or more places as it is required to use only 2 wires cable and that too control cables (say 0.5 mm2 and not the regular 1.5/2.5 mm2 power cables). A Relay controlled wiring systems therefore offers many benefits like: ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Economy and flexibility

Fig: Traditional System Wiring (Using multi-pole switches and multiple wiring)

As we see in the diagram below: For control of lighting with more than one control switchhas always been complicated and costly. A second control switch requires 3 additional wires, whilst every intermediate switching location requires no less than 4 wires.

relay system offers advantages - Only two wires are required for the “command circuit”, and they can be of a smaller cross section (0.5 mm). In a traditional system,on the other hand the conductors have to be sized according to the load current and are far more numerous. From an economic viewpoint, not only are there savings in material costs, but also less time is taken by the electrician to install the relay system. This system is also much easier to modify or extend. Using 2-wire push buttons to control the coil of a centrally located step relay, which in turn controls the lights, greatly simplifies the wiring normally associated with one-way, two-way and intermediate switches. The 2-wire coil “command circuit” is easily extended to as many lighting control locations as needed, and can use smaller and neater conductors (0.5 mm2), since they need only to carry the load of the relay coil (typically 20 to 600 mA). The power circuit to the lights should of course be of sufficient capacity, but instead of following the usual route of a traditional system to all the switches, it needs to run only to the step relay and then to the lights.

Safety

With a step relay, there is no permanent current flowing through the cables in the walls from the switch board to the relay, which makes the installation safe from shock or leakage currents or any other problems of short circuits. Also, wherever necessary, and particularly for safety reasons, a transformer can be used to step down power supply voltage for the command circuit at a voltage lower than the supply voltage - step relay coils being available in several AC or DC voltages. No other component offers this enhanced safety through separating the command from the power circuit. Both simplicity & safety can be easily illustrated and understood with the example of taking a lighting SystemWiring for 2 Lighting Zones, 3 sequence On/Off control While using the Relay System Wiring for Single Zone On/Off control you will find that utilizing a step relay has many advantages: • Designing the system is simpler • It is more easily expanded

Fig: Traditional System Wiring: Shows complexity of wiring over the vertical walls& ceiling

Fig: Relay System Wiring: Shows simplicity of wiring over the vertical walls & ceiling

Versatility: In addition to the technical advantages already described, a number of versatile mounting modes for the relay are possible; ranging from a normal junction box, screw fixing, and 35 mm rail (EN 60715) mounting systems. Fig: Relay System Wiring usingsingle relay and simple wiring

Simplicity

Comparing both systems, even for the simplest uses, it can be seen that the ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Finder India Pvt. Ltd. | New Delhi – 110034 E-mail: feedback.in@findernet.com | Ph: 011-47564343/ 8130673535 | www.findernet.com

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Guest Article

Microlease Opens ‘Pay-as-You-Go’ Test Centre of Excellence in India

New facility provides start-ups and SMEs with flexible, low-cost access to world class test solutions

Mr. Anil Kumar Muniswamy, Chairman Indian Electronics & Semiconductor Association and Managing Director SLN Technologies lighting a lamp at the opening ceremony.

icrolease, the world leader in test equipment sourcing, has unveiled a new ‘pay-as-you-go’ test facility for start-ups and small to mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) in India. The Microlease Test Centre of Excellence, which was officially opened on 12th April 2018, allows companies to reduce product development cycle times by providing flexible, low-cost access to the latest test technology. “India is emerging as the forerunner in the next era of technology innovations. Microlease has been deeply involved with the Indian market for over a decade now and partners closely with various agencies, training institutes and technology companies to facilitate technology growth in India. We have already invested over $20m in the Indian market, primarily in the Telecom testing sector. With the Test Centre of Excellence, we look forward to further strengthening our ties with the Indian market.” says David Whitfield, CEO Asia, Microlease while explaining the importance of the new facility. Based in the heart of the tech revolution in Bengaluru, India, the Centre will help users address a broad spectrum of design and prototyping test challenges. The facility is based on an innovative model offering short-term rental of appropriate testing set-ups based on a huge inventory of test equipment from the world’s leading manufacturers. Users pay to use the facility on a daily or weekly basis. The Microlease Test Centre of Excellence is equipped with state-of-the-art, calibrated, hardware and software test solutions that support a broad range of applications including radio and microwave, semiconductor, wireless, IoT, 5G, digital interfaces,

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Mr David Whitfield, CEO Asia Microlease (pictured left) and Mr Shailendra Kalra, Country Head, Microlease India (pictured right) cutting the ribbon to officially open the Microlease Test Centre of Excellence.

automotive electronics, aerospace and defense etc. The guest of honour at the Centre’s official opening was Mrs. Salma K Fahim, Director IT&BT, KBITS, Government of Karnataka. The opening included a panel discussion featuring representatives from leading design, engineering, test and manufacturing companies including Cadence, Digital Circuits, Keysight, Mistral Solutions, Rohde & Schwarz, SLN Technologies, and Tektronix. Commenting on the Bengaluru Centre, Shailendra Kalra, Country Head, Microlease India states: “By giving SMEs and start-ups improved, affordable and short-notice access to world class testing facilities, the Microlease Test Centre of Excellence is an ideal initiative to facilitate various Government visions such as ‘Make in India’ and ‘Design in India’. Using the Centre, engineers will be able to easily scale, customize and provision test requirements. By finding test assets in seconds rather than days, we can help them reduce product development times and achieve faster time-to-market.” In addition to the facility itself, Microlease can provide a variety of value added services, such as on-going training and support and consultation for the implementation of custom testing solutions. The company also offers an ‘intellectual property secure’ test environment for users by guaranteeing a ‘no data holding’ policy.

About Microlease

Microlease is the market leader in electronic test equipment, offering a range of solutions to help organisations globally use test equipment efficiently.

Its services help minimise the costs of acquiring test equipment, optimise its use and maximise return at end of life without stretching capital expenditure, and include rental, leasing, sale of new and used equipment and buy-back as well as full asset management. Microlease supports its global customer base with over 57,000 test equipment assets worth over $430 million. A team of 350 specialists serves Microlease customers in over 150 countries from offices across Europe, the US and Asia. Microlease currently provides equipment from leading manufacturers, including Anritsu, Keithley, Keysight Technologies, Rohde & Schwarz, Tektronix and Viavi. Founded in 1979, Microlease is the number one test and measurement rental company in Europe. It is Keysight’s Authorised Technology Partner (ATP) for the UK, Ireland and Italy as well as Premier Rental Partner (PRP) for Europe and Authorised Rental Partner for JDSU and Tektronix. Microlease was awarded the 2013, 2014 and 2015 Global Company of the Year Award in Test and Measurement Rental and Leasing Services by leading research organization Frost & Sullivan. In 2014, Livingston became part of the Microlease group. However, Livingston has been continuing to operate under the new ownership still using the Livingston brand. In 2016, Electro Rent Corporation has acquired Microlease to create a premier global platform in the electronic test and measurement services industry. In India, Microlease is in operation from Gurgaon/ NCR region and Bengaluru. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Guest Article

Practical Tips for Thermography in Preventive Maintenance Optimise processes, reduce costs and ensure system availability with Testo Thermal Imagers. When it comes to maintaining electrical and technical systems, thermography has proved to be an indispensable aid. With the help of invisible infrared radiation, it is not only the function and condition of electrical and mechanical systems that can be monitored reliably. Weak spots and wear can also be detected at an early stage and non-destructively and thus remedy can be provided in good time. Further more, thermography provides excellent services for quality control and fill level measurement in production plants. In facility management, for example, it enables optimum control of heating systems as well as simple and safe testing of electrical systems. No wonder then that the use of thermography is required in various standards and guidelines and companies are required to regularly assess the equipment and facilities thermographically. Companies that refrain from regular thermographic inspections will be subject to considerable financial and legal risks in the event of personal injury and property damage. This article will introduce you to the most important fields of application of thermography and demonstrate how you can significantly improve your maintenance processes and system availability with the aid of thermal imagers.

Thermography for more safety and efficiency in facility management:

Plant operation and safety, operating costs, and energy consumption â&#x20AC;&#x201C; facility managers not only have to keep an eye on a number of factors, but also have 84 || MAY 2018 ||

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to improve the efficiency of systems and processes at the same time.

around 80 percent and provides an added safeguard against fire.

Inspecting electrical systems

Defining the scope of inspection

Overheated connections in a control cabinet indicate potential or actual defects. A thermal imager from Testo can detect anomalies such as these without contact and during operation, before downtimes can even occur.

Before beginning the inspection tour, the thermographer or plant manager needs to define a few aspects to include: How extensive does the inspection need to be? At what intervals are the tours to take place? And which thermal imager meets the requirements?

Discover the energy-saving potential

A thermal imager allows concealed weak spots, thermal bridges, mould or faulty installation to be detected in a building. Especially in existing buildings, a thermal imager can be used to uncover large potential energy-savings fast and easily.

Overheated connections in a control cabinet

Thermography makes preventive maintenance easier.

Unscheduled costly system downtimes can be prevented to a large extent by regularly checking electrical installations, control cabinets and mechanical components. Carrying out thermographic inspection a second time reduces a system's rate of failure by

Temperature distribution in an engine

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Defining priority criteria

Identifying the risk doesn’t mean it is automatically eliminated. When and how a problem is resolved – immediately, as fast as possible, at the next opportunity – is decided by the thermographer or plant manager. On the one hand, rectifying all identified thermal anomalies immediately would be too inefficient and costly. On the other hand, a component’s temperature limit also depends on its function. It’s therefore advisable to classify the inspection results, for example, into three priority classes:

Class A (red)

A severe problem that requires immediate action.

Class B (orange)

A serious problem that needs to be resolved within a week.

Class C (yellow)

A problem that needs to be resolved the next time the system is scheduled to be shut down. The applicable standard regulations, type of system, and previous experiences are primarily referred to in determining these priority levels. The aim has to be the efficient operation of a system with as little interruption as possible while ensuring the greatest level of work, equipment and environmental safety.

Insulator damage on an electricity mast

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Fuse base

Challenges faced in Thermography and Advantages offered by Testo Thermal imagers

• Delta T calculation The Delta T function allows temperature values from two measuring points of choice to be directly compared with each other and the differential temperature to be read (testo 868, 871 and 872). • IFOV warner The IFOV warner automatically shows the measurement spot size on the thermal image at any distance to the measuring object. This prevents measurement errors occurring. The measuring object must be within the IFOV rectangle (with testo 868, 871 and 872). • ScaleAssist The testo ScaleAssist optimally adjusts the thermal image scale automatically. This allows the creation of objectively comparable and error-free thermal images of the heat-insulating characteristics of buildings (with testo 868, 871 and 872). • App The testo Thermography App enables use of a smartphone or tablet as a second display and

remote control. This means reports can be easily and quickly created, saved and sent online (testo 868, 871 and 872). • Connectivity In conjunction with the testo 770-3 clamp meter and testo 605i thermohygrometer, even more informative thermal images can be created. Their measurement results are easy to send to the thermal imager via Bluetooth so that moist surfaces or the load in the control cabinet can be detected fast (with testo 871 and 872). • Fully radiometric video The measurement data can be exported in different formats for live images and measurements in real time. By setting up to 15 measuring points, a differential temperature diagram can be presented (with testo 885 and 890). • Focal distance Thanks to a minimal focal distance of 10 cm, temperature distribution and development can be detected easily and accurately even on small electronic components (with testo 875, 885 and 890). • Ergonomics The thermal imagers are not only ergonomic and safe to hold. Buttons and menus are also created and arranged in such a way that the instrument can be intuitively operated with just one hand. Even measurements on caged machines are easy to perform. The thermal imager testo 885 features a rotatable screen and handle which allows it to see behind the grid and take measurements (with testo 885 and 890). To learn more, contact Thermography Experts at info@testo.in or visit us at www.testo.com

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INTERVIEW

Abhivandan Lodha Director

Chandresh Cables Ltd.

e are expecting a tenfold growth. Currently, we are around INR 500 Cr. The way the industry is growing with healthy growth indicators, we are expecting to harness the trend to our maximum growth. As I mentioned earlier, focus shall be on high voltage category, house wires and speciality cables.

Hall No: H1 Stall No : H1T17

Give us a brief note about the success range with installed capacities. Do you story of your company and its journey till have any plan to expand in the near future? yet?

Chandresh Cables Ltd is into manufacturing of Avocab brand of electrical cables. This company is almost 33 years old and is based in Gujarat. We have a couple of units and our range is up to 33 KV. Besides, we manufacture all kinds of special cables, viz. instrumentation, control, fire survival, solar, house wires, etc. The company is growing at a healthy pace of over 25 percent annually for the last 5 years. Our presence is pan-India and we have stock points and sales offices in every corner of the country. Besides strengthening its domestic presence, the company is also expanding overseas. We believe in quality and have been competing with the top-notch brands across the world. We have two state-of-the-art manufacturing units, both based in the state of Gujarat. Our second plant was recently commissioned with machinery from Germany and Taiwan. Besides new machines, we have continuously been doing constant improvisations in the units in terms of better equipment from the best suppliers across the world. We have just got a line from Niehoff, Germany and the production has already begun on it.

Kindly tell us about your product

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Avocab has crossed revenues of INR 500 Cr in the last couple of years. The product portfolio has diversified at a fast pace in the recent years and would continue to expand in sync with market demand and our own capacity expansion. We have now added Speciality cables like fire survival cables, solar cables, and instrumentation rubber cables in addition to the existing range of high-voltage power cables and control cables.

What market strategy do you follow to remain a head among others?

In Avocab, AVO stands for the fundamentals of electricity: Ampere, Volt, and Ohm. It is a purely quality based company that believes in giving the client the best possible product. In addition, the company believes in providing quality services in terms of customized solutions & fast delivery of products. We understand the requirements of the client and give them solutions accordingly. As for the marketing strategy, there is a simple philosophy of being very genuine to the client. We commit to the client on the basis of what he expects and what we can offer. We don’t give any false commitments. If we know that we are going to deliver the product in 15 days, we don’t say we would do it

in 3 days as it would result in postponing the delivery. And as I said, we also give the customers customized solutions, for example, if the client wants customized drum lengths, we would give them customized drum lengths instead of giving them standard ones. This helps in saving the cost of the client in terms of the reduced number of cable joints and also increases the quality of the overall installations.

How does your company performing, towards the changing trends in wire and cable industry and its growth?

There is now increased awareness in terms of spending for quality. People now don’t look forward to saving money. For example, earlier customers used to go for aluminium cables instead of copper, which is not the case now. People are increasingly opting for copper cables for critical installations, in places like hospitals, high-rise buildings, and metros. Besides, there is a trend of increased usage of cables like fire survival cables that may sustain up to 900 degree Celsius or beyond for three hours. These cables are definitely expensive but people are spending on them. These trends show the awareness is increasing, which made us pitch in these kinds of products. The growth of the Indian wire and cable industry is an exponential one, which is true also if we analyze our sales. The steady growth in sales is the reason why we have increased our capacity in recent times. ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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INTERVIEW I therefore see a healthy, double-digit growth for all good cable companies across India. The de-growth is highly unlikely if things are done in right way, especially in the next 2-3 years. There is already lots of infrastructure spending by the Government, which is sure to translate into bigger demands for the industry. In terms of both revenues and tonnage, we are to witness a double-digit growth for all good cable companies. Avocab is ready for the tenfold growth in the next three years. The segment that shall support us in this growth is the high voltage and extra high voltage category along with the electrification required for the mass housing projects across India. We are definitely going ahead with our expansion plans in two ways. One is increasing the capacity by putting up new plants, and second is by improving the types of machinery which are there in terms of their efficiencies. We are already in process of getting high-speed machinery. We are doing a few things. Firstly, we are increasing our presence across India by appointing more number of dealers in various states. The extended network of dealers would enable us penetrate more markets by spreading awareness of the brand and availability of various grades of cables with us. Secondly, we are getting ourselves enrolled with and approved by all the major electrical organizations across the

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power sector. Recently, we have taken approvals from PGCIL, NTPC, and enrolled ourselves with all the big agencies like the government electricity boards, airports, and railways. Our product is being supplied everywhere. Thirdly, we are going ahead with the full-fledged marketing campaign to enhance brand visibility across the digital media. In fact in addition to highlighting the brand; we are also educating the audience in terms of adopting right electrical practices in households and various industries. The response so far has been very encouraging for the digital campaigns with people appreciating the initiative.

What are your quality parameters and how do you take a look it no it?

The kind of industry we are in, it is a crime to make a product which is not as per the quality norms. We cannot afford to commit mistakes in terms of manufacturing or testing processes. It has thus been made clear to everyone in our entire organization to put the focus on maintaining the quality standards. We are doing our best by educating our team members in various standard practices. The teams are exposed to standard literature of testing and quality control processes, enabling them to see why quality is of utmost important and how they can ensure it. We are also ensuring that our product gets type tested at regular intervals with all the premium organizations

like CPRI and ERDA, that serve as checkpoints for us. Besides, we have been making solar cables for three years. We are TUV certified and are now in the process of getting more international accreditations. Our laboratories are also as per the international norms for the testing of solar cables.

How was your over all experience of the Elecrama 2018?

The experience at Elecrama was axtremely satisfying. In a matter of 5 days, we have got an opportunity to meet with buyers, consultants, suppliers and all kind of other visitors from India and Abroad. It is definitely the best platform for the Electrical Industry in India and we look forward to participate in future versions as well.

What message you want to share with our reader?

Our concern has mainly been focused on delivering the quality product to the market. We believe in quality driven growth. I am sure in the times to come by, our company shall be considered amongst the market drivers in our category. Avocab as a group has always believed in the ethical and traditional way of growing the business. We donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t believe in drastic changes in order to chase a growth target.

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application story

Thermal imaging cameras for substation monitoring Electric power utilities are faced with an aging infrastructure, increasing risk of blackouts and brownouts. A brownout is a drop in voltage in an electrical power supply, so named because it typically causes lights to dim. Utilities also face costly unplanned maintenance and rising costs. Utilities are looking for ways to address these issues in order to improve the reliability of electric power delivery while at the same time reducing costs. By using FLIR thermal imaging cameras and automation software, impending equipment failures and security breaches can be detected anytime, day or night, at a remote monitoring location. The net effect is increased reliability and reduced cost. Failure Cause and Effect The risk of blackouts and brownouts are increasing on the power distribution grid due to aging infrastructure, and a lack of automation systems that monitor the condition of critical equipment at substations and elsewhere on the grid.

facilities, security systems, manufacturing plants, food refrigeration, communication networks, and traffic control systems. Of course, an electric utility involved can lose huge amounts of revenue and incur enormous costs in getting their systems up and running again.

For example, transformer fluid leaks or internal insulation breakdown cause overheating that leads to failures, but many utilities donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have automated thermal detection systems that reveal these problems.

Thermal imaging cameras help to save money Thermal imaging technology can improve the reliability and security of electric substations. Although electric utilities have for many years used handheld thermal imaging cameras to monitor substation equipment, quite some are now turning to permanently installed thermal imaging

Whatever the cause, a critical substation failure may cascade into series of failures. The result can be a massive failure of banking

High voltage electrical installations tend to heat up before they fail. By monitoring HV-equipment continuously with thermal imaging cameras costly breakdowns can be avoided.

camera systems. Through the use of automated thermal imaging cameras and innovative software, FLIR and its partners have developed monitoring systems that provide early warning of impending equipment failures. These systems employ advanced sensing and measurement technology, control methods, and digital communications. They are able to anticipate, detect, and respond rapidly to problems, thereby reducing maintenance

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costs, the chance of failure, a blackout, and lost productivity.

Schematic overview of substation monitoring system

Just one example: one large utility discovered a hot bushing rod in a substation transformer and repaired it at a cost of only €12,000. A similar problem that occurred before the firm instituted its thermal imaging program resulted in a catastrophic failure that cost more than €2,250,000.

FLIR A310 FLIR A310 is a fixed mounted thermal imaging camera. It can be easily integrated in an all weather housing and installed almost anywhere to monitor critical equipment and other valuable assets. It can safeguard your substation and measure temperature differences to assess the criticality of the situation. This allows you to see problems before they become costly failures, preventing downtime and enhancing worker safety. Features incorporated in the FLIR A310 are: • Built-in extensive analysis functions • Built-in alarm functions • Ethernet/IP and Modbus TCP compliance • Easy sharing of analysis, alarm results to PLC’s. • PoE (Power over Ethernet) • Digital inputs/outputs • Built-in 100 Mb Ethernet connection

Detection of temperature increases in these components with thermal imaging cameras allows preventive maintenance operations before an unplanned outage occurs due to outright failure. Principles of thermal imaging The first principle of thermal imaging is “many components heat up before they fail”. Second, all objects emit thermal radiation in the infrared spectrum that is not seen by the human eye. Third, thermal imaging cameras convert that radiation to crisp images from which temperatures can be read. This non-contact temperature data can be displayed on a monitor in real time, and can also be sent to a digital storage device for analysis. Thermal imaging cameras do not require light to produce images, and can see hot spots well before excessive heat or loss of insulation leads to failure. They can be mounted in allweather housings and placed on pan/tilt drive mechanisms to survey large areas of a substation. Due to FLIR's wide selection of lenses with different focal lengths. Therefore, they support 24/7 monitoring in all types of weather and locations. FLIR thermal imaging cameras recognize differences in the heat signatures of electrical components and the surrounding background (such as the sky or clouds), and can compare the temperatures of similar components in close proximity to one another. Built-in logic, memory, and data communications allow them to compare the temperatures in their images with userdefined settings, and send that data to a central monitoring station for trend analysis,

triggering alarms, and generating exception reports. They can even notify facility managers in remote offices of abnormal conditions by triggering an email message. This makes them ideal for unattended monitoring of substation equipment. Typical System Configurations In co-operation with automation system suppliers FLIR Systems works to create customized thermal imaging and noncontact temperature measurement systems for electric substations. These systems can automatically perform site patrols, monitor equipment temperatures without human supervision. The video images and their temperature data are carried over Ethernet, wireless, or over fiberoptic cables to an appropriate interface that communicates this data to the central monitoring location. The diagram on this page depicts a typical substation monitoring system that uses FLIR A310 thermal imaging cameras. Systems of this type have been installed at substations worldwide. The most advanced versions of these systems provide time-stamped 3-D thermal modeling of critical equipment and areas. For more information about thermal imaging cameras or about this application, please contact:

For more information, please

contact us at: B.V. FLIR Commercial Systems Charles Petitweg 21 FLIRNW Systems India Pvt. Ltd. 4847 Breda - Netherlands 1111, D Mall, Netaji Subhash Place, Pitampura Phone (0) 765 79 41 94 New Delhi: +31 - 110034 Fax : +31 (0) 765 79 41 99 Tel: +91-11-45603555 e-mail : flir@flir.com Fax: +91-11-47212006 www.flir.com E mail : flirindia@flir.com.hk Website : www.flir.in

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

T820227 {EN_uk}_A

A few substation components whose thermal signatures are precursors to failure include: - Power transformers (oil levels and pump operation) - Load tap changers (oil levels, other internal problems) - Insulator bushings (oil levels and bad connections) - Standoff insulators (moisture, contamination, degradation) - Lightning arrestors (degradation of metal oxide disks) - Circuit breakers (oil or SF6 leakage) - Mechanical disconnects (bad connections, contamination) - Control cabinets (wear and tear on fans, pumps, and other components) - Batteries

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roduct Info

Kyoritsu’s 6305 Power Meter with Clamp Kyoritsu, Japan.

A frontline global presence in Electrical Test & Measurement Equipment since 1940, with specialized expertise in Low Voltage Test & Measurement. In India, the company has been present for many decades already, offering world class products optimized for Indian needs at 'just right prices'. Many of these products have for long been the choice equipment of every Indian electrical installation professional. Kyoritsu’s 6305 Power Quality analyser is used to measure the power in W, kWh or to analyze and measure harmonics, Apart from being used as energymeasuring devices Power analyzer can also be used for network analysis and determination of harmonics.

Kyoritsu’s 6305 key features are:

• Comprehensive real-time monitoring, recording and analysis of single and 3-phase systems • Voltage, Current, Power Factor and Frequency measurements • Power analysis (Active, Apparent and Reactive power)

• Energy analysis (Active, Apparent and Reactive power) • Active power accuracy: ±0.3%rdg±0.2%f.s. • Automatic wiring check function to prevent incorrect connections • Large memory capability (2GB) using built-in SD card interface • Real time & remote measurements using Android application • synchronous measurements between two units of KEW 6305 • Wide selection of clamp sensors allow measurements from 0.1A to 3000A • The instrument automatically recognizes what kind of clamp sensor is connected to it • Windows software for data analysis and setting via USB port or Bluetooth Kyoritsu Products are readily available in India & have complete Service & Calibration Support Setup too.

Kyoritsu KEW India Instruments Pvt. Ltd. #4, S P Nagar, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380006. Tel. : 91 79-2640 9686 | Mob. : 98246 80404 Email : info.em@kew-india.co.in | W: www.kew-ltd.co.in

Han-Eco® B: Industrial Standard in Plastic Fully compliant with industry standard Han® B / Increased corrosion resistance HARTING has taken a big step forward with the Han-Eco®: the connector range with high performance plastic housings is now fully compliant with the industry standard Han® B. All contact inserts and modules that fit into the standard metal housing now also fit into the corresponding plastic housing. Plastic and metal versions are both plug-compatible. HARTING offers the new possibility of snapping pre-assembled inserts from the interior of a control cabinet – rearward – into a bulkhead mounted housing on the switch cabinet wall. Until now, the cables had to be routed out of the switch cabinet through a panel cut out. Assembly was done beside the switch cabinet, screwing the inserts from the outside into the bulkhead mounted housing subsequently. This required electricians to be on site. The option of rear mounting permits the separate assembly of connections and control cabinet. This ensures the reverse compatibility of the Han-Eco® B in industrial environments. Users can take advantage of plastic and/or metal in the context of the respective cost and quality requirements. Existing manufacturing testing facilities remain usable for both housing 92 || MAY 2018 ||

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variants. The use of plastic increases corrosion resistance. The high-performance plastic used is fire-resistant according to UL94 V0 and reduces the housing weight by approximately 50% compared to metal. In addition to the use of standard monoblocs, it is also possible to use the modular connectors of the Han-Modular ® series by deploying the hinged frame. Han-Eco® B enables the rear mounting of pre-assembled inserts Pre-assembled metal hinged – from the interior – in bulkhead mounted housings on control frames can be firmly screwed cabinet walls (see insert on the left). into the new hoods and since he can choose the material for component and housings. “We’ve achieved the goal of designing the Han-Eco® equipment connections in a machine or plant with B and Han® B Standard to be compatible,” says total flexibility.” Product Manager Ingo Siebering. “The user benefits, ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Smart Lighting Control Through multi-function Time Switch

EW upgraded versions of Time switches which provides you a step forward for easier, quick & flexible programming right from your smartphone via NFC (Near Field Communication) technology with the help of “Finder toolbox” Android App available freely on Google Play. The unnecessary headache of changing time setting during the transition of weather from Summer to winter and vice versa can be avoided by the use of this Astro -timers. Once programmed with the current city co-ordinates, Timer is able to calculate sunrise & sunset time throughout the year & switches ON & OFF lights accordingly. Only one time Setting is required, that can be done with the help of inbuilt joystick. Thanks to the new SMART feature, now settings can be done via NFC through Smartphone with the help of Android app.

Application areas: These switch find its application

in a wide segments like Municipal lighting (street, squares, monuments, fountains...), Industrial lighting, gardens, parking, shops, illuminated signs, irrigation systems, heating and cooling plant, access (door) control.

Apart from Astro program (calculation of sunrise and sunset times through date, time and location coordinates), Programming via smartphone using Near Field Communication (NFC) technology with the help of Android App, High electrical life, Offset function {allows programming of switching times offset from the astronomic time (by up to 90 min, in 10 min steps)}, Distinctive & upgraded features of these new Astro time switch includes: • Wide Back-light display: For better status indication & set up. • Battery level indication: Helps in timely removal of the exhausted battery. • Weekly mode operation: Provides flexibility of programming on different days of the week. • Pulse: Provides better control over the switching in application like irrigation, ringing school bells, opening doors etc. • 2 CO contacts: Provides better flexibility to control lights. For two different sets of lights can be controlled on two different times. Finder also has a wide range of Other Energy

saving devices along with mechanical & electronic time switches suitable for different application areas. Please visit our website www.findernet.com for detailed information of other ranges of automation products. Finder India Pvt. Ltd. | New Delhi – 110034 E mail: feedback.in@findernet.com | Ph: 011-47564343 | www.findernet.com

Architectural Lighting K-LITE INDUSTRIES an ISO company, manufacturing indoor and outdoor luminaires have launched a new series of LED Architectural Lighting. Being the trend setters in outdoor lighting and inspired by the “Make in India” vision, K-LITE, through their innovative outlook, have showcased an all new product portfolio under Architectural Lighting. The application includes Facade Lighting, Pathway Lighting, In-ground Luminaire, Uplighter, Up-down Lighting, Billboard Lighting, Vertical Light Bars, Wall Washers, Area Lighting poles and above all popular sleek polar lighting solutions. The solutions offered are backed by extensive understanding of illumination in urban spaces and the expertise gained over a period of three decades. The fixture are designed to provide value technology, ideally suited to Indian Conditions. The

LEDs used comply to LM 80 testing requirements and from Internationally reputed makes such as Nichia / CREE. The luminaires are RoHS, LM 79 and CE certification compliant. The luminaire efficacy (lumens/ per watt) is much above 100 for all luminaires. Varied optical options for lighting distribution and correlated colour temperature (CCT) for cool white, neutral white or warm white are available to suit specific requirements. The outstanding item of the series viz., the Sleek Polar Lighting Solutions is a contemporary design that is both timeless and unique in its impression. Compact without visible mounting equipment and optimised integration, Polar Lighting is in perfect continuity with the geometric lines of the square column. These assemblies are ideal for surroundings of contemporary architectural constructions.

For more details visit our website : www.klite.in For all enquiries Contact, sales@klite.in Phone +91-9500079797 / 044 26257710

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roduct Info

Multilayer Ceramic Chip Capacitors Soft-termination MLCCs with Low ESR

• Low ESR comparable to conventional MLCCs • High mechanical robustness to protect against board flexure • Suitable for battery lines in automotive and industrial robot applications TDK Corporation has developed the industry’s first soft-termination MLCCs with low ESR. The new CN series features terminal electrodes with a conductive resin layer that provides high mechanical robustness to protect against board flexure. At the same time, the new MLCCs offer a low ESR that is comparable to that of conventional MLCCs. The CN series offers capacitance values ranging from 2.2 µF to 22 µF and rated voltages from 16 V to 100 V. Based on X7R dielectric material commercial grade and automotive grade types of the new MLCCs are available. The latter are qualified to AEC-Q200. Mass production and sales of the first types was launched in April 2018. Soft-termination MLCCs, which are able to withstand the stress from board flexure, are an effective way to prevent short circuits when used in battery lines. Conventional designs that coat the electrodes completely with resin, however, lead to higher ESR and losses. TDK has achieved the low terminal resistance values by applying the conductive resin layer only where the terminal electrode comes into contact with the PCB. Thanks to the low resistance of the terminal electrodes of the new CN series these MLCCs are suitable for battery lines in automotive and industrial robot applications, where they help to improve system reliability. The capacitors can also be used in automotive ECUs, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), and automated driving systems. TDK offers a broad portfolio of MLCCs for a wide range of applications. TDK will continue to place a special focus on the development of technologically superior automotive grade MLCCs.

Main applications

• Battery lines of automotive and industrial robot applications

• Automotive ECUs • Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), automated driving systems

Main features and benefits

• Low ESR comparable to that of conventional MLCCs • High mechanical robustness to protect against board flexure • Qualified to AEC-Q200

Key data Type

Temperature characteristic

Rated voltage [V] Capacitance [µF]

Dimensions [mm]

CN*6P1X7R2A475K1)

100

4.7

3.2 x 2.5 x 2.5

CN*5L1X7R1N225K1)

2.2

3.2 x 1.6 x 1.6

3.2 x 2.5 x 2.5

4.7

3.2 x 2.5 x 2.5

CN*6P1X7R1H106K1) CN*6P1X7R1H475K1)

X7R

CN*5L1X7R1H475K1)

3.2 x 1.6 x 1.6

CN*5L1X7R1H225K1)

2.2

3.2 x 1.6 x 1.6 3.2 x 1.6 x 1.6

CN*5L1X7R1C106K1)

CN*6P1X7R1E226K2)

3.2 x 2.5 x 2.5

3.2 x 1.6 x 1.6

CN*5L1X7R1E106K2)

Placeholder for either of the following: A = Automotive grade; C = Commercial grade 1) Production begin: April 2018 2) Production begin: July 2018 and onward

Power Factor Correction Pqvar™ Boosts Energy Efficiency and Ensures Load Balancing TDK Corporation presents EPCOS PQvar™, a modular static var generator for active stepless power factor correction and load balancing in industrial grids and large commercial buildings. With a fast response time of less than 15 ms and a dynamic reaction time of under 50 μs, PQvar offers significantly faster compensation than conventional systems. The system is suitable for the active compensation of both inductive and capacitive loads and can achieve a power factor of 0.99. At the low-voltage level PQvar is designed for 400 V and 690 V supply systems. In these voltage classes individual modules with outputs of between 30 kvar and 200 kvar are available, as well as systems for up to 880 kvar per compensation cabinet. Through the targeted use of power factor correction systems such as PQvar, energy efficiency can be 94 || MAY 2018 ||

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significantly improved. On the one hand, the power losses in the electrical transmission and distribution network are significantly reduced and, the CO2 emissions for generating this wasted power are avoided. On the other hand, transformers and the power transmission and distribution networks can be used more efficiently. Using advanced multicontrollers (AMC), the PQvar system can be combined with conventional passive low-voltage compensation stages. The medium-voltage level is covered by systems for 6 kV, 10 kV and 35 kV, the modules being designed for outputs of between 2000 kvar and 12,000 kvar. All modules are available for 3-phase grids with or without neutral conductors. Depending on the output and size, the modules are designed as slide-in units for control cabinets and

systems for wall mounting (low-voltage) or as control cabinet systems (medium-voltage).

Main applications

• Active stepless power factor correction and load balancing of industrial grids and commercial buildings

Main features and benefits

• Short response time of less than 15 ms; • Dynamic response time of under 50 μs • Available for the low-voltage and mediumvoltage levels • Wide range of compensation outputs from 30 kvar to 12,000 kvar

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“KUSAM-MECO” 20,000 COUNTS DUAL DISPLAY AUTO-RANGING PROFESSIONAL LCR METER “KUSAM-MECO” introduces a New Auto-ranging LCR meter Model - LCR 459. It has Dual display L/C/R - 4½ digits maximum reading of 19999 & Q (Quality factor annunciator) / D(Dissipation factor annunciator) / R(Parallel series Resistance Annunciator) / 4 digits maximum reading of 9999. Basic Accuracy is 0.5% for Resistance & 0.7% for Inductance & Capacitance. It measures Resistance 20Ω / 200Ω / 2KΩ / 20KΩ / 200KΩ / 2MΩ / 10MΩ, Capacitance20nF/ 200nF/ 2000nF/ 20µF/ 200µF/ 20mF & Inductance 20mH / 200mH / 2000mH / 20H / 200H / 2000H / 20000H. Additionally It has 4 test parameters which is : Ls + (Q,D,Rs), Lp + (Q,D,Rp); Cs + (Q,D,Rs), Cp +

(Q,D,Rp). The LCR459 has Backlight LCD display. Optionally it can be provided with optical RS-232 PC interface. Its Test frequency is 1KHz and 120KHz for Inductance & Capacitance measurements. Resolutions for Resistance upto 0.001 Ohms & for Inductance / Capacitance upto 0.1mH/0.1pf. The Power requirement of this meter is single standard 9-volt battery or External DC Adapter. It has Auto Power off function. It has a strong protective Holster. It has overload protection 0.1A/250V fast blow fuse. Fuse detection function informs that the fuse is open or damaged. Dimension is 192(H) x 91(W) x 52.5mm(D). Weight is 365g. (Including accessories). It supplied with Test Lead, Manual, Carrying case, 9V battery & spare fuse.

MODEL - LCR 459

"KUSAM-MECO" ULTRA-HIGH PRECISION 6 1/2 DIGIT BENCH TOP DIGITAL MULTIMETER KUSAM-MECO" introduced a New Ultra High Precision 61/2 Digit (Bench Top) Digital Multimeter Model M3500A. This meter has 11 Measurements, 8 Math Functions & 25 Ranges. It has a 5 x 7 dot matrix VFD, dual display with three color annunciators. It is optionally provided with Matlab and Lab view applications that allows user to do a variety of tasks. Also feature the PT - Tool that can acquire data directly from the measurement into MS WORD or EXCEL. Even without MS WORD or EXCEL, user can choose the PT-Link, which is a stand-alone application. High speed sampling rate and data rate are at 2000 readings / sec (At 4% digit setting). High capacity of internal data memory which stores upto 2000 readings. The DMM supports two methods for Temperature measurements :- Thermocouples and RTDs. For thermocouples, it supports up to 7 types of sensors: E, J, K, N, R, S and T. High Accuracy for DC Voltage is ± 0.0015% of reading. & AC Voltage is ± 0.04% of reading. AC Measurement Range is from 3Hz to 300KHz. It measures AC RMS Voltage from 100.0000mV to 750.000V, AC RMS Current Range : 1.000000A, 3.00000A. DC Voltage from 100.0000mV to 1000.000V, DC Current from 10.00000mA to 3.00000A. Resistance from 100.0000 ) to 100.0000Mg. Frequency & period range is from 100mV to 750V (3Hz to 300KHz). Diode Test range is 1.0000V & Continuity Test range is 1000m05 .. It operates on 230VAC. Its Dimensions are 85(H) x 210(W) x 350(D)mm & Weight is approx. 4.36 kg. It supplied with user manual , Power Cord & Test Leads. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

MODEL M3500A For More Details Contact : KUSAM ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. G-17, Bharat Industrial Estate, T. J. Road, Sewree (W), Mumbai - 400015. INDIA. Sales Direct : 022- 24156638, Tel.: 022 - 24124540, 24181649, Fax: 022 - 24149659 Email : kusam_meco@vsnl.net, sales@kusam-meco.co.in Website : www.kusam-meco.co.in, www.kusamelectrical.com ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| MAY 2018 || 95

Tenders Ref. Number :

29018883

Ref. Number :

29122626

Ref. Number :

29107883

Requirement :

Engineering, Supply, Erection And Commissioning Of 2x20 Mva, 132/33kv Grid Sub-Station (ais) With Sas At Lamtaput And Associated 132 Kv Lilo Line From Existing 132kv Machkund P.H.- Machkund Rtss Line To Proposed Grid S/S At Lamtaput At An In District On Tpc / Turnkey Contract Basis.

Requirement :

Design, Supply, Erection, Testing & Commissioning of 25 kV AC single phase OHE including TSS for the work of Electrification of Beas-Goindwal-Tarn Taran- Amritsar Section of Division

Requirement :

Construction Of 223 Km Of 132 Kv 2 Phase Railway Tss Transmission Line

Document Fees :

INR 11,800

EMD :

INR 3,100,000

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 602,100,000

Closing Date :

3/05/2018

Document Sale To :

03/05/2018

Location :

Lucknow - Uttar Pradesh - India

Ref. Number :

28887047

Requirement :

Underground Cabling Works of 11kV and LT Lines in Katra town under PMDP

Document Fees :

INR 25,000

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 221,700,000

Closing Date :

21/05/2018

Location :

Orissa (Odisha) - India

Ref. Number :

29222194

Requirement :

Engineering, Supply, Erection And Commissioning Of 2x20 Mva, 132/33kv Grid Sub-Station With Sas At Lamtaput And Associated 132kv Lilo Line From Existing 132kv Machkund P.H. - Machkund Rtss Line To Proposed Grid S/S At Lamtaput In Malkangiri District On Epc/ Turnkey Contract Basis.

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 294,068,710

Closing Date :

25/05/2018

Location :

Punjab - India

Ref. Number :

29134177

Requirement :

Contract award for electrification work involving 11kv line DTR sub station, LT line and service line for providing connection to un electrified households under saubhagya yojana and CM permanent pump connection yojana.

Document Fees :

INR 1,000

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 316,400,000

EMD :

INR 13,892,000 INR 694,600,000

Closing Date :

10/05/2018

Tender Estimated Cost :

Location :

Madhya Pradesh - India

Closing Date :

9/05/2018

Document Sale To :

09/05/2018

Document Fees :

INR 11,200

EMD :

INR 2,217,000

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 221,727,674

Ref. Number :

28843438

Location :

Jammu-kashmir - India

Closing Date :

22/05/2018

Requirement :

Location :

Orissa (Odisha) - India

Repair Refurbishment, Errection Of 2 Nos Oh Lines And Leasing Of 3x10 Me Chinakuri Thermal Power Plant Of Ecl For 20 Years

Ref. Number :

28826151

Requirement :

Township package for thermal power project stage â&#x20AC;&#x201C; II 2x195 MW of NTPC limited on KBUNL.

Ref. Number :

29120919

Requirement :

Supply,erection testing and commissioning of (i) 500 MVA Transformer HV/LV Bays at Kalpaka 400kV SS (ii) 315 MVA Transformer HV/LV Bays at manubolu 400kV SS (iii) 125 MVAR Reactor Bays at 400kV SS & Sattenapally 400kV SS

EMD :

INR 3,990,200

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 319,210,000

Closing Date :

12/05/2018

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 411,500,000

Document Sale To :

12/05/2018

Closing Date :

8/05/2018

Location :

Multi State - India

Location :

Multi State - India

Ref. Number :

29105371

Requirement :

Expression of Interest is invited EPC Contractors for installation, commissioning, grid synchronization, operation and maintenance of Solar Power Plant of 100MW capacity on Canal Tops, which shall be given for a period of 25 years for right to use, on PPP model at places INR 5,000

Document Fees :

INR 11,900

Ref. Number :

29105371

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 227,948,380

Requirement :

Closing Date :

24/05/2018

Document Sale To :

24/05/2018

Location :

Orissa (Odisha) - India

Ref. Number :

29008764

Requirement :

Construction of proposed 132KV transmission line from existing 132/33 KV grid sub station to existing 132/33 KV grid substation.

Document Fees :

INR 5,000

Document Fees :

EMD :

15/05/2018

EMD :

15/05/2018

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 5,030,002,000

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 5,030,002,000

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 353,200,000

Closing Date :

15/05/2018

Closing Date :

15/05/2018

Closing Date :

15/05/2018

Document Sale To :

15/05/2018

Document Sale To :

15/05/2018

Location :

Orissa (Odisha) - India

Location :

Uttar Pradesh - India

Location :

Uttar Pradesh - India

96 || MAY 2018 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Projects Central Government/Public Sector | Not Classified - india | PID: 175825 The Government has kicked off a pilot scheme to procure 2,500 MW power for three years under medium-term agreements. A PFC statement said the power will be procured from generators with commissioned projects but without Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) Under the scheme, a single entity can be allotted maximum capacity of 600 MW. The scheme assures a minimum off-take of 55 per cent of contracted capacity. The tariff will be fixed for three years without any escalation, the statement added PFC Consulting Ltd is in process of inviting the bids in the first week of May under the scheme. The bidding will be conducted on the DEEP e-Bidding Portal and with L1 matching for bucket filling without reverse auction. PFC Consulting has been appointed as Nodal Agency and PTC India Ltd as the aggregator. PTC India would sign three-year (mid-term) agreement for procurement of power with successful bidders and power supply agreement with the Discoms | Updated on: 01 - May - 2018 Private Sector | Tamil Nadu - India | PID: 175826 Sarat Kumar Acharya, CMD, NLC India Limited, inaugurated the NLCIL 400 KV Gas Insulated Switchyard (GIS) and other supporting services of Neyveli New Thermal Power Project site The 2x500 MW Generating Units are connected to 400 KV switchyard through 2x600 MVA Generator Transformers (21 KV/400 KV) and controlled by the state-of-the art technology SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) System. The 400 KV switchyard and 220 KV switchyard of NNTPP are interconnected by 2x500 MVA Inter-connecting Transformers (ICT). This package is part of the NTA-3 (Balance of Plant) Package, awarded to EPCCIL and the switchyard equipment are supplied, erected, tested and commissioned by GE T&D India Limited The total expenditure for 400 KV switchyard package works is 59.22 crore Efforts lauded During the inaugural, Mr. Acharya lauded all employees of NNTPP for their diligent efforts in implementing the project and also made an appeal to work towards commissioning the project as scheduled on June 1 Earlier, Mr. Acharya inaugurated FD fan, motor-driven boiler feed pump, slewing & luffing bucket wheel reclaimer for lignite handling, unidirectional type rail mounted slewing & luffing stacker for ash handling, steam turbine generator and vacuum pump house for pump house maintenance. All these sets have been supplied and commissioned by BHEL as the main contractor Functional directors, Rakesh Kumar, Subir Das, V. Thangapandian, P.Selvakumar and R.Vikraman, senior officials and employees participated | Updated on: 01 - May - 2018

Private Sector | Maharashtra - India | PID: 175851 India’s government-owned National Nuclear Power Corp. (NPCIL) in March signed cooperation agreements for equipment and construction related to the massive 9,900-MW Jaitapur project in Maharashtra, the world’s largest nuclear plant project in terms of generation capacity Jaitapur is the key project in nuclear collaboration between India and France, which was first broached in 2009 when NPCIL and France’s Areva (now Orano) signed a memorandum of understanding to work on nuclear projects. French President Emmanuel Macron and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi met in New Delhi in March and signed an agreement to expedite construction of Jaitapur, and also highlighted other cooperative projects between the countries for solar energy, technology, and defense. The contracts include an Industrial Way Forward Agreement signed March 10 with French power company EDF for the implementation of six EPR, pressurized water reactors at Jaitapur EDF holds a 51% share of the joint venture, including responsibility for engineering integration of the nuclear plant. EDF began negotiating with NPCIL in 2016, and that year issued a proposal for development and construction of six EPR units for a nuclear facility. EPR units are currently being built at three other sites: Flamanville 3 in France, Olkiluoto 3 in Finland, and two units at Taishan in China. Taishan 1 is expected to come online first, entering commercial operation later this year. NPCIL hopes to begin construction at Jaitapur by year-end, though no in-service date for the project has been set Jean-Bernard Levy, EDF’s chairman and CEO, in a statement said, “The industrial agreement just signed with NPCIL marks a decisive step in the development of the Jaitapur nuclear project, meaning we can now envisage with confidence the rest of this essential project for India and for EDF. We are proud to support the Indian government in its objective of achieving an energy mix that is 40 percent carbon-free in 2030. Our presence in India, already tangible in the areas of renewable energies and smart city is a perfect illustration of our CAP 2030 strategy, which aims to develop a low-carbon mix and innovative energy services for urban and rural areas EDF has agreements with both Indian and French companies for project operations. One contract, with Assystem, Egis, Reliance, and Bouygues, covers installation of an engineering platform for Jaitapur. EDF and the other four companies will determine the scope of their collaboration over the next few months. A second agreement with Indian engineering company Larsen & Toubro, and AFCEN and Bureau Veritas of France, would create a training center for design and construction standards for equipment manufacturing for the Jaitapur plant NPCIL, in its role as owner and operator of the facility, is responsible for obtaining certifications and will oversee construction of the reactors and plant infrastructure, with assistance from EDF and its partners. EDF is supplying the EPR technology and leading the engineering and component procurement for the first two

reactors. Indian companies could assume some responsibilities for the other four units as part of the “Make in India” and “Skill India” programs. India currently has 22 operating nuclear reactors at seven plants (Figure 1), with about 6,220 MW of generating capacity. Six units with generating capacity of 4,350 MW are under construction, and there are plans for another 19 units over the next decade, according to the World Nuclear Association | Updated on: 01 - May - 2018 Private Sector | Multi State - India | PID: 175766 Value:Rs. 1463 Crore | Kalpataru Power Transmission Limited (KPT L), a leading global EPC player in the power and infrastructure contracting sector has secured new orders / notification of award of Rs. 1,463 Crores. The details are as follows : - Orders from PGCIL and SEBs for transmission line and GIS Substation for Rs.672 Crores - Two orders for laying of pipeline & associated works totalling Rs.581 Crores from IOCL and GAIL - Design, supply, erection, testing & commissioning for railway electrification, including OHE, TSS & associated works from RVNL for Rs. 210 Crores in a JV Consortium Commenting on the new order announcements, Mr. Manish Mohnot, Managing Director & CEO, KPTL said "We are excited to begin the year with orders across all our segments namely transmission, railways and pipeline. We continue to focus on the available opportunities within these segments both in India and globally. Our order book visibility post these orders is in the range of Rs. 14,000 Crores which will assist in achieving growth of 15% to 20% for the financial year 2018-19 | Updated on: 30 - Apr - 2018 Central Government/Public Sector | Multi State - India | PID: 175379 Oil India (OIL) has successfully commissioned its fourth commercial wind energy project with a 52.5 MW capacity in the states of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh The project is split between a 27.3 MW capacity project operational at Kotiya in Gujarat and a 25.2 MW capacity project operational at Unchwas in Madhya Pradesh The Kotiya, Gujarat sub-part of the project, was fully commissioned on 12 January 2018, while the Unchwas, Madhya Pradesh, sub-part was fully commissioned on 31 March 2018 The project is fully funded by OIL. The operation and maintenance will be done by Suzlon Energy (SEL) With this, OIL's present installed capacity under the renewable energy domain (commercial wind energy and solar energy projects) stands at 188.1 MW, with 174.1 MW of wind energy projects and 14 MW of solar energy projects respectively | Updated on: 18 - Apr - 2018

Get access to 70 Lakh+ New Government & Private Tenders Annualy only on www.TenderTiger.com ProcureTiger helps buyers in automating his purchase & sales using tools like eRFQ, eTendering, Reverse Auction, Forward Auction, eAuction, Indent Management, Contract Management etc. Looking for Tenders Services? For more details please contact to +91-9825079334 or mail us on sales@TenderTiger.com OR register at www.TenderTiger.com

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| MAY 2018 || 97

4th Smart Cities India 2018 Expo .......................................................... 37

KLJ Polymers & Chemical India .............................................................

Anchor Electricals Pvt. Ltd. ..................................................................... IBC

K-Lite Industries ......................................................................................

Automation Expo 2018 ........................................................................... 83

KUSAM ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. ...................................................

Crown Electronic Systems ........................................................................ 39

Kyoritsu KEW India Instruments Pvt. Ltd. ..............................................

Dynamic Cables Ltd. ............................................................................... 21

Laxmi Electronics .....................................................................................

Electrotherm India Ltd. ........................................................................... 13

Meco Meters Pvt. Ltd. ..............................................................................

EPCOS India Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................................. Phy-01

M & I Materials India Pvt. Ltd. ..............................................................

Finder India Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................................. 47

Next Gen Equipments Pvt. Ltd. ..............................................................

FLIR Systems India Pvt. Ltd ................................................................... IFC-2

Scope T & M Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................................. Phy-03

Green-Watt Techno Solutions Pvt. Ltd. ................................................... FGF

Supreme & Company ..............................................................................

H.D. Wires Pvt. Ltd. ................................................................................ 19

Sonel Instruments Pvt. Ltd. .....................................................................

102

Heatflex Cables Pvt. Ltd. ........................................................................ 29

Testo India Pvt. Ltd. ................................................................................

HPL Electric & Power Ltd. ...................................................................... Phy-05

Transwind Technologies ............................................................................

ISA Advance Instruments India Pvt. Ltd. ............................................... IFC

98 || MAY 2018 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| MAY 2018 || 99

EVENT DIARY May 03-05 2018 Kenya

www.expogr.com International Trade Exhibition On Residential, Commercial & Industrial Lighting & Accessories

June 14-16 2018

Chennai Trade Center, Chennai www.elecxpo.in

06-08 November 2019 Pragati Maidan, India www.cablewirefair.com

LIGHTEXPO 2018 is unique event in the East Africa market. Having being branched out from BUILDEXPO previously, LIGHTEXPO will be the largest event for the lighting market in East Africa.

The Indian Society of Lighting Engineers has great pleasure in presenting the LIGHT INDIA INTERNATIONAL 2018, at Bombay Exhibition Centre, Mumbai, India during 19-21 January 2018.

The 1st edition was stupendous and emerged as the most practical and realistic business networking platform for the global wire and cable industry. The trendsetter event in Delhi is going to host its 2nd edition in October, 2017 on a bigger scale, with a larger purview to showcase all probable product and processes related to the wire and cable industry. Of course, the impact would also be huge!

May 03-05 2018

14-16 June 2018

November 27-29 2018

SOUTH AFRICA

www.solartech-exhibition.net An annual gathering and market place for international manufacturers & suppliers to showcase their latest product equipment, tools and technology in solar power and PV technology to the professional audiences maintenance professional audiences form across Asia and other countries.

May 23-25 2018

Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India www.solarindiaexpo.com

Over 300 million people still have no access to electricity, which is why solar power is being seen as a viable, long-term source of clean energy.

23-25 May 2018 Pragati Maidan, India www.smartcitiesindia.com

Developing citizen friendly and economically viable cities is an urban initiative by the Government of India. Cities are engines of economic growth, and it is anticipated that 40% of Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population will live in cities by 2030. With the rapid rise in the proportion of people living in urban areas, there is an increasing requirement for sustainable cities.

100 || MAY 2018 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

CTC | CHENNAI www.solarsouth.in

Join the largest gathering of Solar installers, manufacturers and energy storage professionals for three days of networking and thought leadership. SOLAR SOUTH 2018 Expo is an event and a superb opportunity for anyone in the Solar industry to meet the cream of manufactures, suppliers and newcomers. Exhibition is a showcase of the people, projects and products that are driving solar and storage to new heights of innovation and excellence.

29th Aug to 1st Sep 2018

Bombay Exhibition Centre, Mumbai www.automationindiaexpo.com

After delivering a grand and successful event in 2017, Automation Expo, the largest Automation & Instrumentation exhibition in South-East Asia is all set to make a mark in 2018 as well. Under the valiant leadership of Dr. M. Arokiaswamy, IED Communications Ltd has been successfully hosting Automation Expo and achieving its objective to fuel innovation and growth since the past 14 years.

October 15-17 2018

Bombay Exhibition Center, Mumbai

www.ifat-india.com IFAT India is Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading environmental trade fair for water, sewage, refuse and recycling. The last event, covering approximately 5,000 sqm of exhibition space, attracted 136 exhibitors from 11 countries. More than 4,100 trade visitors benefited from this ideal platform for successful networking with representatives from the industries and municipal sectors.

Mumbai

www.wire-india.com Here you'll find all the information you need in preparation of your visit to wire India 2018 - 7th International Exhibition for the Wire and Cable Industry.

28-30 November 2018

Jiexpo Kemayoran, Jakarta Indonesia www.myexpo.co.id

Continuing the successful story of POWERMAX 2017, the 2nd edition POWERMAX 2018 coming up to be the international platform to present the prospect of power-energy outlook and the latest project, providing market and industrial player, showcase the update new development technology and information to spur the industry sector globally.

March 05-07 2019

DUBAI WORLD TRADE CENTRE, UAE www.middleeastelectricity.com

Power Generation at MEE is the region's leading, largest and longest running trade exhibition for both conventional and stand-by power related product manufacturers & distributors - and the ideal place to meet buyers looking to source products from either sector.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| MAY 2018 || 101

DESIGNED FOR YOU TO TEST

Corona Camera

Insulation Tester Winding Resistance Hipot Tester Primary Current Injection

Thermal Imager (HD) 640x480

Cable Fault Location 140 kv Dc / 350 kv Ac

Tower Foot Resistance (Impulse Method)

Earth Resistance 3p, 4p, 3p+c, 2c

Approved till 765KV Substations

Request for a Demo : india@sonel.in

Plot No:191, New No.4/225, Maxworth Nagar, S.Kolathur, Kovilambakkam, Chennai-600117.

Cable Route Location

50 + Countries Global Presence

Loop Impedance meter Power Quality Analyzer Active Filter upto 600 A Passive Filter upto 525 V

National Sales & Service Network

For Additional 1 Year Warranty

Use Code

sales@sonel.in +91 9791938500

SONAD100