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EDITOR’S DESK Editor

Alka Puri

Smart Grids - Immense Opportunities in India

Associate Editor Shefali Bisht Ambika Gagar

Editorial Advisor N.P.K. Reddy

Design & Production

Sr. Designer - Avnish Kumar Jr. Designer - Ashok Kumar

National Business Head-India

Subhash Chandra Email: s.chandra@electricalmirror.co.in

Manager West & South India

Pradeep Kumar Email: pradeep.k@electricalmirror.co.in

Sales & Marketing Neha Rajesh Kumar Hemant Chauhan

Manager-Subscription

Praveen Chauhan Email: subscribe@electricalmirror.co.in Call: 011-65104350/ 011-22758660

India’s transmission and distribution losses are amongst the highest in the world, averaging 26 per cent of total electricity production, and as high as 62 per cent in some states. These losses do not include non-technical losses like theft etc.; if such losses are included, the average losses will go as high as 50 per cent. The Smart Grids can serve as a great solution for India in order to solve this problem. Smart Grid is a nebulous term spanning various functionalities geared towards modernising the electricity grid. At its core, as mart grid utilises digital communications and control systems to monitor and control power flows, with the aim to make the power grid more resilient, efficient and cost effective. India is venturing very fast into renewable energy resources like wind and solar. Solar has great potential in India with its average of 300 solar days per year. The government is also giving incentives for solar power generation in the form of subsidies for various solar applications; and has set a goal that solar should contribute 7 per cent of India’s total power production by 2022. With such high targets, so laris going to play a key role in shaping the future of India’s power sector. The supply of the solar power can be done in a particular time of the day so such unpredictable energy sources feeding the grid, it is necessary to have a grid that is highly adaptive . Hence, the opportunities for building smart grids in India are immense, as a good electric supply is one of the key infrastructurer equirements to support overall development.

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All rights reserved by all events are made to ensure that the information published is correct; Electrical Mirror holds no responsibility any unlikely errors that might occur. Printed, published and owned by Usha, Published from 13/455, Block No. 13, Trilok Puri, Delhi-110091 and printed at Bright Tree, C-40, Gate No.-4, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020. e-mail: brighttreesolutions@gmail.com

Editor : Alka Puri

Editor

CONTENTS

Interview Mr. Shrirang Karandikar || CEO || India Power Corporation Limited

60 30 Cover Story Discussion on the Development Trend of Smart Grid and its Key Technology

News Update Gujarat Becomes the First State to Distribute 2 crore LED Bulbs under UJALA

Order and Contract Essel Green Energy Wins 240 MW Solar Project in Odisha

Focus Wires, Cables & Conductors Wires and Cables in India Looks Toward a Better Growth

Case Study of The Month Various Case Studies on Operation and Control Schemes for Grid Sub-Station Contdâ&#x20AC;¦.

Guest Article Anurag Malhotra Director GEW Trafotech Pvt. Ltd.

Guest Article On a Missing Goose Chase

Guest Profile BARKHA DATTANI A Young Woman Entrepreneur

76 Technical Article Flir Spot Thermal Cameras : The Ideal Tool for Preventive Maintenance

Product Info Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt Ltd. KLJ Group Meco Instruments

84 87

Advertisement Index Event Diary

80 83 83

Worldwide manufacturer of high-end test and measurement systems for the power industry. ISA s.r.l. is a reputed manufacturer of high quality electrical test and measurement equipment since 1938. With a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility at Taino, Italy; the company’s operations spread over more than 100 countries, either through Resource Centers or through fully trained Sales Representatives. Innovative Products with Rugged Hardware and User-friendly Software are the hallmark of brand ISA. Every product at ISA is developed, designed and manufactured in compliance with International standards and is tested thoroughly to be used in severe working environment like HV / EHV substations and heavy industrial plants. ISA’s customer base includes: • Power Utilities • Equipment manufacturers • Oil & Gas sector • Renewable Energy producers • EPC contractors and Electrical Consultants • Testing Service Companies

Our Product Portfolio • Multi-functional Test Kits for Power Transformer, Instrument Transformers etc. (STS Family) • Automatic Three Phase Relay Test Kits (DRTS Family) • Single Phase Secondary Injection Kits (T 1000 Plus / TD 1000 Plus) • Circuit Breaker Analyzers (CBA 1000 / CBA 2000 / CBA 3000) • Primary Current Injection Kits (T 2000 / T 3000 / eKAM / KAM) • Automatic Tan Delta Test Kits (TDX 5000 / STS 3000 + TD 5000) • Metal Oxide Surge Arrestor Test Kits (SCAR 10) • Online Diagnostics & Measurement Systems. The subsidiary company, ISA Advance Instruments India Pvt. Ltd. provides proactive support to ISA’s Indian customer base. Since its inception in 2012 the company has witnessed exponential growth with the support of a dedicated team of application engineers.

South Asia - Regional Oﬃce: C-33, Ground Floor, Sector-2, Noida- 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India T: +91 120 4543853 / 54 / 4222712 | F: +91 120 4574772 | Email: info.asia@isatest.com

10 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || SEPTEMBER 2016

www.isatest.com

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Gabriel Harder Software Developer

IEC 61850 is my topic … … and as a software developer in the Power Utility Communication field, I work on exciting and trend-setting products. Through our developments we are able to offer efficient IEC 61850 testing tools for protection and SCADA engineers. One example is DANEO 400, which uniquely records and analyzes all conventional signals, as well as GOOSE and Sampled Values on the substation communication network. www.omicronenergy.com/puc

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News

of the Month

Gujarat Becomes the First State to Distribute 2 crore LED Bulbs under UJALA

Under the Government of India’s Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for all (UJALA) scheme, Gujarat has become the first state to distribute 2 crore LED bulbs. Gujarat has reached this milestone in just 96 days and over 42 lakh households have already benefitted from the scheme. Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), under the administration of Ministry of Power, Government of India, is distributing approximately 2 lakh bulbs daily in Gujarat which is again a record in itself. During his speech in Jamnagar the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi said, “There is competition between states to outdo each other in terms of LED distribution. Gujarat, in less than 100 days is now leading in terms of LED distribution across the nation. I congratulate the entire team for implementing the LED Bulb programme. I am confident that every

household in Gujarat will adopt LEDs and save on electricity bills. The state will save a lot of energy and will also lead the way in helping protect the environment” The distribution of 2 crore LED bulbs has led to an annual energy savings of 259 crore kWh which is equivalent to lighting up 5 lakh Indian homes for an entire year. Alongside the savings in units, the state has also benefited from daily CO2 emission reduction of 5,000 tonnes. The programme has also helped the state to avoid 520MW of

ISEER to Increase Efficiency of ACs, Helping Consumers get Lower Bills Even The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) has introduced a new star rating methodology called Indian Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (ISEER) for air conditioners. This evolved rating methodology factors in variance in higher temperature in India and rates air conditioners accordingly. Consumers can now purchase air conditioners with higher efficiency

leading to lower electricity bills. Consumers can now purchase air conditioners with higher efficiency leading to lower electricity bills. Keeping the performance of air conditioners during higher temperature in mind, ISEER will address the different climatic zones in India and higher temperature. ISEER measures energy efficiency of

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peak demand. In Gujarat, 9W LED bulbs are being distributed under the UJALA scheme. These energy efficient bulbs come with a free 3 year replacement warranty for any technical defect. To avail the bulbs, consumers have an option of paying upfront amount of Rs. 70 per bulb or they can choose an EMI option. Consumers choosing to pay through EMI will have to pay Rs. 75 in total, where an amount of nearly Rs. 20 per LED bulb will be added to their bi-monthly electricity bill for a period of 4 bill cycles. Consumers stand to save nearly Rs. 336 every year on their electricity bills per LED bulb, making the LED bulbs free to the user in just 3 months. The state government aims to distribute 12 crore LED bulbs across the state. This would lead to energy savings of nearly 650 Crore kWh and cost savings of about Rs. 2,500 crore.

air conditioners based on a weighted average of the performance at outside temperatures between 24 and 43 degree C based on Indian weather data. As per Indian Weather Data Handbook, 2014, weather profile of 54 major cities shows that 65% of the total number of hours in a year have a temperature above 24 deg C (5778 hours out of 8760). Air conditioners in India have hitherto been tested under the IS 1391 at a standard operating conditions of outside temperature of 35 degree C. Star rating is given to manufacturers based on the test results provided by them as tested on the above standard. Talking about ISEER, Shri Sanjay Seth, Secretary, Bureau of Energy Efficiency said that the new methodology for rating system will bring in higher energy efficiency of appliances and reduce energy consumption. He further said that the standards have been developed while keeping changing Indian temperature in mind. Such innovations will help us achieve the objective sooner.” ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

Electrical india May 2016.pdf 1 27/05/2016 08:39:25

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News

of the Month Coal India Limited has target to achieve 71.77 million tones of coking coalincluding both metallurgical and non metallurgical coal by 2019-20. CIL is also aiming to enhance its coal production to 1000 million tonnes by 2019-20. Giving roadmap for coal production, Shri Piyush Goyal Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal, New & Renewable Energy and Mines said in a reply to a written question in the Lok Sabha “It is envisaged to enhance the coal production of Coal India Limited from 536 Million Tonnes achieved in 2015-16 to about 1000 Million Tonnes by 2019-20. This includes enhancement of coking coal production from 53.8 Million Tonnes (Metallurgical Coal 7.68 Million Tonnes and Non Metallurgical Coal 46.15 Million Tonnes) achieved in 2015-16 to 71.77 Million

CIL Targets to Produce 71.77 mt of Coking Coal by 2019-20

Tonnes (Metallurgical Coal 8.77 Million Tonnes and Non Metallurgical Coal 63 Million Tonnes) in 2019-20”. The initiative is taken to reduce imports of coking coal. “This enhancement in domestic production of coking coal is envisaged

Electricity to Railway Stations by Solar Energy In order to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, Ministry of Railways has planned to harness 1000 MW of solar power through developer mode by putting up solar plants on Railway buildings/ stations and through land based plants across the country. This was stated by Shri Piyush Goyal, Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal & New and Renewable Energy and Mines in a written reply to a question in the Lok Sabha. The Minister further stated that Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Ministry of Railways for cooperation in the areas of renewable energy. MNRE has sanctioned/approved subsidy/incentives for aggregate 500 MWp capacity to Ministry of Railways with as estimated Central Financial Assistance of Rs. 600 Crore for Grid connected solar rooftop systems. MNRE has not made any State-wise allocation under the 500 MW project sanctioned to Indian Railways, the Minister added. 16 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || SEPTEMBER 2016

to reduce coking coal imports to some extent. However reduction of coking coal imports totally would not be possible due to the constraint of availability of metallurgical grade coal from domestic sources”, the Minister added.

Hydro Capacity Addition During Last Two Years Nine Hydro Electric Projects, with a total capacity of 2357 MW, were commissioned during the last two years, and the current year, till 31.07.2016, in various states of the country. Out of these 9 projects, three projects were partially commissioned during this period. This was stated by Shri Piyush Goyal, Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal, New & Renewable Energy and Mines, in a written reply to a question in Lok Sabha. Further, the Minister stated that as on 30.6.2016 the Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) of 15 Hydro Electric schemes with a total Installed Capacity of 8,457 MW have been received by various appraising Groups in CEA/ CWC/GSI/CSMRS for examination. The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) is reviewing these projects regularly with various appraising agencies and project developers for expeditious appraisal of DPRs.

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News

of the Month

C.R.I Pumps Diversifies Into Wires and Cables Segment

C.R.I Pumps a Coimbatore based pumps manufacturing company has diversified into wires and cables segment. The company enters the high-end specialises wires and cables market with an investment of Rs. 125 crores and aims to target 4 to 5 per cent market share in this segment. The Indian wires and cables industry’s market size is estimated at Rs. 40,000 Crores. Out of this, C.R.I’s target segment’s market potential is about Rs. 14,000 Crores. With the increasing demand for power, light and communication, this market is expected to double in the size in the next five years. This makes it the right time to enter the wires and cables segment. Over the last 25 years, the wires and

cables industry has moved from being a small industry to a large one. The sector continues to remain highly fragmented predominantly by organised players. The demand for specialized cable and wire products for speciality applications will result into greater opportunities for C.R.I. C.R.I‘s Research Centre has developed high end specialised wires and cables. Categories of manufactured applications• High temperature application XLPE (cross linked polyethylene) submersible winding wire with higher dielectric strength. • High efficient DC solar cables for fast growing solar industry. • Lead free insulated cables for hygiene applications, EPDM cables

for low ambient applications, special oil resistant and chemical resistant cables. • Halogen free flame retardant wires and fire retardant low smoke wires. At present the wires and cables market in India comprises nearly 40 per cent of the electrical industry. The company had developed a manufacturing facility near Coimbatore and ad invested over Rs.90 crore. With this new facility and the diversification into wires and cables segment, the company is targeting Rs 5000 crore turnover by 2021. Please let me know in case you require any more information. We would be happy to organise phone interaction with Mr. G. Soundararajan, Vice Chairman- C.R.I.

Barkha Dattani Awarded by Petroleum Minister Mr. Dharmendra Pradhan for Making Very Creative LOGO BARAKHA’S BRAND CLINIC DESIGNED LOGO FOR “Honorable Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi of the program “Integrated Watershed Management Program” by Government of India. Miss Barkha Dattani is awarded by Petroleum Minister Mr. Dharmendra Pradhan for creating the wonderful logo of Honorable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi's Rural Development IWMP (Integrated Water Management Program) Logo. Managing Director of Barkha’s Brand Clinic has participated in the Indian Citizen Engagement Platform by the honorable Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi. Logo designed by Barkha Dattani was awarded by Government of India, Ministry of Rural Development. We feel proud and honored to get invitation from Prime Minister Narendra Modi to be a part of Indian Citizen Engagement Platform. We are also happy for making and designing logo for Honorable Prime Minister

Managing Director of “Barkha’s Brand Clinic" Barkha Dattani awarded by Petroleum Minister Mr. Dharmendra Pradhan and Bal Vikas Minister for Narendra Modi Rural Development IWMP(Integrated Watershed Management Program) Logo Mr. Narendra Modi of the program “Integrated Watershed Management Program” by Government of India,

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Ministry of Rural Development, Department of Land Resources. Said Barkha Dattani.

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News

of the Month

CM Nitish Kumar Inaugurates SCADA-DMS Project Control Centre implemented by Schneider Electric India

Vedanta's Talwandi Saboo Power Plant Becomes Fully Operational

The SCADA-DMS Project for Patna City undertaken by Schneider Electric (SE) – the global specialist in energy management and automation – was inaugurated by the Hon’ble Chief Minister of Bihar Shri Nitish Kumar. The SCADA-DMS Project is undertaking Power Monitoring, Control and Modernization of the Patna Electric distribution network. The project’s scope includes the Data Centre, DMS Control Centre (Distribution Management System), Grid Modernization, automation of existing and new substation, RMU’s automation, Telecom Network, integration of GIS Mapping, efficient exchange of data from and to Customer Care and Billing. The Project funding has been done via Power Finance Corporation under the Government of India’s R-APDRP initiative (Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme). The Project will benefit

all stakeholders in Bihar: citizens, the Bihar DISCOM (BSEB) and the Bihar State. Elaborating on the Project Mr. Prakash Chandraker, VP and MD, Energy business, Schneider Electric Infrastructure Ltd, said : “Power has been identified as a primary sector in Bihar and the state government has taken multiple initiatives to achieve self reliance and ‘Power for all’ by 2018-19 through power capacity addition and strengthening the Transmission & Distribution network. We are happy to be partnering with the state Government and the commissioning of the SCADA-DMS Project in Patna by Schneider Electric will help contribute towards the commitments of the state in the power distribution segment”. For residents of Patna, the benefits include: quality power and 24/7 availability in line with Govt Of India vision ; no voltage fluctuations; safety

and reliability to ensure no accidents; efficient services and billing; modern customer care and billing centre integration; enablement to manage distributed energy resources (rooftop solar/net metering) and enabling customers to participate in demand response. For the Bihar DISCOM, the benefits comprise: reduced power losses (AT&C loss); better financial health; lesser breakdown, better revenue protection and reduced outages (improved SAIDI & SAIFI), mapping and indexing of consumers; efficient and effective energy control; quick fault identification and resolve to reduce revenue losses from ENS (Energy Not Supplied); modernisation of assets; geographical mapping of network; skilled and trained resources; and capacity to meet rapidly-growing power demand. The benefits for Bihar include: making it the leading state on India’s SMART Grid map; providing safe, reliable and economical power, 24/7 to citizens through efficiency improvements; improving the financial health of DISCOM; introduction of new Smart Grid technology starting with SCADA distribution system enabling future proof smart grid technology such as self-healing, renewable integration, demand response, smart metering and outage management; safe and reliable power to fuel industrial and commercial growth; satisfied consumers and citizens in Bihar.

Vedanta's 1,980 mw Talwandi Saboo thermal power plant has become fully operational with the 660-mw third unit starting commercial generation. "The third 660 mw unit of Talwandi Sabo power plant in Punjab has put commercial production on August 24, 2016, and will be capitalised in September 2016," Vedanta has informed BSE. Talwandi Sabo Power Ltd (TSPL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vedanta, had set up a coal-based supercritical thermal power plant in district Mansa of Punjab. TSPL had signed a power purchase agreement with the Punjab State Power Corporation Ltd (PSPCL) for the establishment of 1,980 mw (three units of 660 mw each) thermal coal-based commercial power facilities. The 100 per cent power generated from this project shall be supplied to PSPCL for 25 years. The company also said the auctions of coal linkages for captive power plants were conducted by Coal India in August and has secured 6.09 million tonnes per annum for its captive power plants, that supplies power to its Aluminium smelters at Jharsuguda and Balco.

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Connecting Global Competence

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World’s Leading Trade Fair for Electronic Components, Systems and Applications Messe München I November 8–11, 2016 I electronica.de Contact: MMI India Pvt. Ltd. Tel. +91 22 4255 4700/4255 4721 I millie.contractor@mmi-india.in

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News

BHEL Commissions 500 MW Thermal Unit in Chhattisgarh

of the Month Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has successfully commissioned the second 500 MW thermal unit at Marwa Thermal Power Station in Chhattisgarh. Located in Janjgir-Champa district of Chhattisgarh, Marwa TPS has been set up by Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Ltd. (CSPGCL). The first unit of Marwa TPS was also commissioned earlier by BHEL. BHEL has been associated with power projects of CSPGCL (and the erstwhile Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board), from the time when the 120 MW Korba TPS Extension-I was commissioned in March 1976. Significantly, BHEL has a share of 94% in the installed capacity of CSPGCL and has so far commissioned 11 thermal sets and 3 hydro sets for the state utility. In Chhattisgarh,

BHEL has contributed a total of 12,500 MW to the state’s installed power generation capacity, including Central and Private sector utilities. The successful commissioning of the unit has reinforced BHEL’s leadership status in execution of thermal power projects involving supply of state-of-the-art equipment, suited to Indian coal and Indian conditions. BHEL’s scope of

Govt Plans 2 Funds to Charge up Power Sector

The power ministry plans to set up two funds of $1billion each to enable alternative financing options for stressed power assets and renewable energy projects. The two funds have been proposed under the ambit of the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF). "NIIF is the fund of funds within which we will set up a sub-fund which will focus on renewable energy projects and give investment support for faster ramp up of renewable energy. It is under our active consideration and we may launch it in the near future," power minister Piyush Goyal told "We are also in dialogue with

certain bankers to see if we could look at a stressed power asset fund. It may take us some more months to put its framework in place." Asked about the size of the funds, Goyal said, "Each of these funds could easily be of the size of $1billion." The government set up the Rs 40,000 crore NIIF in as an investment vehicle to fund commercially viable greenfield, brownfield and stalled projects. The power ministry's renewable energy fund will be seeded with initial capital from a few state-run companies and will be driven largely by the private sector.

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work in the contract envisaged design, engineering, manufacture, supply, erection and commissioning of Steam Turbines, Generators and Boilers, along with associated Auxiliaries and Electricals, besides state-ofthe-art Controls & Instrumentation (C&I) and Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs). BHEL-make 500 MW sets of this rating class form the backbone of the Indian power sector and have been performing much above the national average as well as international benchmarks. BHEL has already established its engineering prowess in the past through successfully delivering higher rated units such as 600 MW, 660 MW, 700 MW and 800 MW thermal sets having a high degree of indigenization.

MoU Between NTPC-PMI and GIPCL NTPC Ltd.’s Power Management Institute (NTPC-PMI) and Gujarat Industries Power Company Ltd. (GIPCL) have entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for two years for continuous learning and training for enhancement of competencies and skills of the employees of GIPCL. The MoU was signed in Vadodara on8th August, 2016 by Shri Ajit K. Bhatnagar, Executive Director (PMI), NTPC Ltd. and Shri Sandeep H.Purohit, Head of HR & Admin., GIPCL, in the presence of Smt.Sonal Mishra, IAS, Managing Director, GIPCL and senior officials from GIPCL and NTPC. The objective of the MoU is to provide an assured framework for cooperation between both the organizations. PMI, which has acknowledged expertise in the field of training and development, will conduct a Training Needs Analysis (TNA) and prepare a training plan for all executives of GIPCL to cater to their learning and skills customization and enhancement. GIPCL executives will be imparted training by PMI on various technical and managerial aspects in the field of energy.

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News

New Steps to Enhance Transparency in Power Sector

of the Month Shri Piyush Goyal, Union Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal, New & Renewable Energy and Mines opened a new chapter to enhance transparency in power transmission sector of the country by launching the ‘TARANG’ Mobile App, ‘e-Trans’ & ‘DEEP’ e-bidding web portals, developed by Rural Electrification Corporation Transmission Projects Company Limited (RECTPCL), a subsidiary of REC Ltd, in New Delhi. The Minister informed that with the perspective of good governance, and keeping in line with the “Digital India” initiative of Government of India, ‘TARANG’ (Transmission App for Real Time Monitoring & Growth) Mobile App & Web Portal has been developed by RECTPCL, under the guidance of Ministry of Power. Introduction of the electronic platform shall enhance ease, accountability & transparency and would boost confidence of investors in power transmission sector. Better price discovery shall ultimately benefit the power consumers in India.

Shri Goyal said that TARANG is a powerful monitoring tool that tracks upcoming transmission projects and monitor the progress of Inter-State & Intra-State transmission systems in the country, being developed through Regulated tariff mechanism as well as Tariff Based Competitive Bidding(TBCB) route. TARANG shall also include status of stalled/delayed transmission systems in country which would enable the stakeholders viz. Ministry of Power, State Governments, all private sector transmission developers and PSUs like Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd., for expeditious completion of such projects. The Minister added that Green Energy Corridors, an important component of our renewable energy mission, would also be monitored through TARANG and help to meet our ambitious targets in same on time. The web portal can be accessed at www.tarang. website.

Apart from Tarang, Shri Goyal unveiled the ‘e-Trans’ web platform for e-bidding and e-reverse auction for Tariff Based Competitive Bidding (TBCB) in transmission projects. The Minister informed that till date transmission sector providers have been participating in transmission bids through manual mode. With e-Trans, the interface will be electronic. Further, he added that on the lines of coal sector, reverse auction is being introduced in transmission sector to facilitate better price discovery in transmission projects. The Minister also launched the ‘DEEP (Discovery of Efficient Electricity Price) e-Bidding’ portal for medium term (1-5 years) purchase of power, on the occasion. He informed that the Portal will provide a common e-bidding platform with e-reverse auction facility to facilitate nation-wide power procurement through a wider network so as to bring uniformity and transparency in the process of power procurement.

Scheme Sanction for 1,000 MW CTU Connected Wind Power Projects in the Country Government has sanctioned a scheme for setting up of 1,000 MW Central Transmission Utility (CTU) connected Wind Power Projects in the country. This was stated by Shri Piyush Goyal Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal, New & Renewable Energy and Mines in a written reply to a question in the Rajya Sabha. The Minister further said that this Scheme will be implemented by Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) and the wind power projects will be selected through transparent e-bidding process. INDO-US Clean Energy Fund India and the United States of America (USA) will be jointly working for the creation of US $ 20 million for US-India

Energy Finance Initiatives, equally supported by the USA and India, which is expected to mobilize up to US $ 400 million to provide finances for clean and renewable electricity by 2020. This was stated by Shri Piyush Goyal, Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal & New and Renewable Energy and Mines in a written reply to a question in the Lok Sabha. The Minister further stated that India and the USA are exploring the

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possibilities to establish the US-India Clean Energy Hub, as a coordinating mechanism in partnership with leading Indian financial institutions, with a view to increase renewable energy investment in India. Such initiatives will support the development of solar and clean energy substantially if US $ 400 million of finances are raised through proposed initiatives, the Minister added.

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News

of the Month

German Energy Utility Uniper and India Power form 50:50 Joint Venture in Power Plant Services

India Power Corporation Limited ("IPCL"), a Kanoria Foundation entity, and Germany-based Uniper have entered into an agreement to set up a 50:50 service company joint venture ("JV"), "India Uniper Power Services". This company will offer a broad range of flexible and customised services to customers in the Indian power business that can choose from full-service arrangements or select only individual services. These would include plant operations and maintenance, asset monitoring software and analytical tools, flexibilisation of units, lifecycle extension, supply and integration of pollution control equipment and systems, etc. Uniper, an international energy company that offers a broad range of services with a focus on power generation and global commodity trading, and IPCL, a leading power utility of India, have joined together to form a strategic partnership for developing and servicing the power sector in India. Commenting on this JV, Hemant Kanoria, Chairman of IPCL, said: "The joint venture will combine strengths of strong partners with complementary scope and portfolio. Uniper's experience of owning and managing a portfolio of about 40 GW in various countries will allow India Uniper Power Services to adopt best practices and make thermal power plants more competitive. IPCL's expertise and knowledge of the local

market will help the company become a key player in the thermal generation sector and focus on improving the efficiency of power plants in India." Klaus Schäfer, CEO of Uniper, added: “Europe has faced many of the challenges that India can expect to see in the years to come. Renewablesbuild out will impact the operating regime of conventional power plants with a need for an increased plant flexibility. In addition, a tightened environmental policy will require upgrades and new power plant emission control processes. Uniper has gained substantial experience in all these areas within its own fleet over many decades.” The Indian power sector continues to be dependent on coal-based and gas-based generation with close to 70% of total installed capacity being from these sources. There have been large investments in establishing additional power generating assets in the country, especially in the last decade, many of which need dedicated operations, maintenance and process support for enhancement of efficiency and optimisation of cost. Going forward, a substantial portion of India's energy portfolio is expected to remain coal based given the large coal reserves and the low cost of thermal generation. At the same time, renewable energy sources are also expected to see substantial capacity addition. This would require

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a paradigm shift in the operating processes of thermal generation plants, with greater focus on efficiency and flexibility. In view of the above, the JV sees a huge potential in the Indian power business at present and in the foreseeable future. With the current and expected changes in the power sector there is a huge potential to offer services to existing and newly built power plants to help them improve their operations and be ready for market and regulatory changes as the power market rapidly evolves in terms of emission standards, flexibility and efficiency.

BPCL to Give 25cr for Waste-to-Energy Project BPCL's Kochi Refinery has signed an agreement with the corporation to provide funding for the waste-to-electricity project at Brahmapuram. As per the agreement, BPCL will provide a viability gap fund (VGF) of Rs 25 crore as a one-time grant to the local body. The agreement was signed by corporation secretary Amit Meena and BPCL general manager (HR) V Prabhakaran in the presence of local self-government minister Dr K T Jaleel, mayor Soumini Jain, deputy mayor T J Vinod and BPCL executive director Prasad K Panicker. BPCL officials said the company was joining hands with the local body as part of Swachh Bharat Mission to support the waste-to-electricity project. This project aims to convert solid municipal waste to power as part of urban waste management. The corporation can utilize the VGF to pay to the concessionaire, the difference between the quoted rate and rate approved by the Kerala State Electricity Regulatory Commission (KSERC) for the power produced from this project. The plant has a capacity to process 300 MT of waste a day which will be collected from the corporation, nearby municipalities and panchayats. The accumulated waste will also be processed at the proposed plant. The waste-to-energy PPP project will follow the design-build-finance-operate-transfer (DBFOT) model. As per the agreement signed between the corporation and G J Nature Care and Energy Ltd in February this year, the civic body shall supply to the waste processing facility an aggregate quantity of 300 tonnes of municipal solid waste every day. The company, using the gasification technology, will produce eight megawatt power each day. In a year, the plant will treat 1,09,500 tonnes of solid waste.

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O rder

and Contract

Essel Green Energy Wins 240 MW Solar Project in Odisha

Essel Green Energy, an arm of Subhash Chandra's Essel Group, has won the bulk of the 270 MW tender floated by the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) for projects in Odisha. SECI officials confirmed that Essel has been awarded 240 MW, while Jyoti Infrastructure has got 10 MW and IBC Solar Ventures India 20 MW. As in several solar auctions this year, SECI set a reserve price of Rs 4.43 per unit, which the successful bidders offered without going lower. The winners were decided on the basis of the lowest viability gap funding (VGF) sought from the renewable energy ministry. Jyoti Infrastructure asked for VGF of Rs 49.15 lakh per MW, IBC sought Rs 49.25 lakh and Essel Green Rs 49.5 lakh per MW. The Odisha project is the biggest that Essel Green Energy has won and

is larger than its entire current solar portfolio of 225 MW across 12 projects, six of which have been commissioned. It has one small hydro project and is building 17 others for a total of 82 MW. Six wind farms are under construction, while sites for another five have been identified for a total capacity of 500 MW. This is the first major solar auction in Odisha. An auction of 20 MW was held in 2014 under the first phase of

BHEL wins EPC Order for 30 MW Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has secured an order for setting up 30 MW (3x10 MW) of Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Power Plants on Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) basis. Valued at Rs.1,690 Million, the Letter of Intent (LoI) has been placed on BHEL by West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Corporation Limited (WBSEDCL). The SPV plants of 10 MW each are to be set up at Mejia (Bankura), Santaldih (Purulia) and Chharrah (Purulia) in West Bengal. Earlier this year, BHEL bagged EPC orders from Neyveli Lignite Corporation and Bharat Electronics Limited for setting up of a 65 MW SPV Power plant at Neyveli (Tamil Nadu) and a 15 MW SPV Power Plant at Ordinance Factory Premises, Medak (Telangana) which are currently under execution. In the previous year also, BHEL bagged EPC orders from NTPC for 50 MW Solar Power plants each at Ananthpur (AP) and Mandsaur (MP). While the Ananthpur project has been commissioned, the Mandsaur project is currently under execution. BHEL manufactures solar cells and modules at its Electronics Division unit in Bengaluru, while space-grade solar panels using high efficiency cells and space-grade Battery panels are manufactured at its Electronic Systems Division, also in Bengaluru. BHELâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s solar business is backed by a dedicated R&D team at the companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell Plant (ASSCP) in Gurugram. BHEL offers EPC solutions for both off-grid and grid-interactive solar PV power plants and has set up Solar Plants in various locations in India including the Lakshadweep Islands for island electrification. 28 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || SEPTEMBER 2016

the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission. With thermal power priced low, the state has been a latecomer to renewable energy since the tariffs are not competitive. It is, however, identifying land to set up a solar park with a capacity of about 1,000 MW across 5,000 acres, with a total investment of Rs 6,500 crore. The winners of the latest auction will have to locate and develop their own land.

L&T bags Orders Worth ` 1,458 crore Infrastructure major Larsen & Toubro (L&T) said its construction arm has bagged orders worth Rs 1,458 crore across business verticals. "The construction arm of L&T has won orders worth Rs 1,458 crore across its various business segments," the company said in a BSE filing. L&T said its power transmission and distribution business has bagged engineering, procurement and construction orders worth Rs 654 crore in the international and domestic markets. In the international market, it has got a contract from the National Grid Saudi Arabia (a subsidiary of Saudi Electricity Company) for the construction of a 132 kV double circuit transmission line and 132 kV cabling in the Rafah, Arar, and Sakaka areas of Saudi Arabia. While in India, it has received an order, under Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS), from Kanpur Electricity Supply Co Ltd (KESCo) and Power Grid Corporation of India. L&T said its building and factories business has bagged projects worth Rs 518 crore in the domestic market. It has also received order worth Rs 200 crore from Bihar State Electronics Development Corporation (BSEDC) for the implementation of a Wi-Fi Project in the campuses of government universities, constituent colleges and other premier academic institutions in the state of Bihar and additional orders worth Rs 86 crore from various ongoing projects. ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

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Discussion on the Development Trend of Smart Grid and its Key Technology 30 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || SEPTEMBER 2016

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In view of the whole network complexity, the development of smart grid is a new trend, the concentrated power generating, transmission, distribution, with four links. It is the concept in regional context, the new energy network and the existing power grid together, in the local area to realize their power or control, balance network, mainly storing energy, energy storage equipment is the key link of micro net. ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

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INTRODUCTION Along with the global resources crisis is increasingly serious, the social requirement of environment protection, electric power to commercialize steadily, users of electricity service requirements of continuous improvement, for more reliable, more robust, more economical, more efficient, more environmentally friendly power demand increasingly urgent. In this context, the concept of smart grid emerges as the times require, and in recent years has become a research hotspot of future power grid. The United States put forward the earliest, smart grid, the United States of America EPRI in2000 around the future power grid is defined as the Intelli -

Grid. The United States of America Battelle Institute and IBM also has Grid Wise and Intelligent Power Grid are put forward the concept of. In 2003June DOE released” Grid 2030”. In 2004 DOE launched intelligent network (Grid Wise ) and NETL cooperation project launched” the modern power system ( MGI )” research. In 2009 Obama will be Promoted to the United States National Strategy in smart grid. Europe was established in 2005in “smart grids ( Smart Grids ) European technology forum”, put forward Smart Grid concept, and in 2006 enacted the” Europes electricity network of the future vision and strategy”,” the strategic research agenda”,” strategic deployment document,” idea of Europe smart grid vision and development strategy.

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THE CONCEPT OF THE SMART GRID OF DIFFERENT REPRESENTATIONS Because the national condition, system, stage of development, social and economic demands, and historical factors, different countries, different institutions and enterprises for smart grid different understanding, has not completely consistent with the definition of smart grid, but” security, economic, efficient, compatible, integrated, interactive and self-healing” is intelligence network all that several typical characteristics. The United States of America smart grid construction more attention to power network infrastructure upgrades, emphasized to maximize the use of information technology, to

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Affected by various objective factors, we failed to see the power generation groups around the concept of the smart grid to propose a corresponding clear planning and development direction, in the smart grid construction background, believe the power enterprises will have the corresponding strategies for coping and development planning. One should have a consensus is: the construction of smart grid, grid enterprises should not only be the things, need the active participation and cooperation of power generation enterprises. From the supply side automatic thermal control angle, in the smart grid construction framework, put forward power digital control technology application in the development of personal reflections and suggestions. THE ADVANTAGE OF SMART GRID PERFORMANCE

realize intelligent system on artificial replacement. The development of intelligent network focused on distribution and using side, European Smart grids pay more attention to improve operational efficiency, reduce the price of power, strengthen the interaction with customers and other aspects, the power supply and power quality put forward higher requirements, compared the United States pay more attention to new energy power generation access; Japan is to new energy construction of smart grid, more emphasis on environmental technology. Grid information, communication and control, mainly around the large-scale development of solar energy and other new energy, to ensure that the power system stability.

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And the present simulation technology the traditional design of grid, smart grid has the following main characteristics : (1) Strong power grid planning, prospective design, structure, stable operation is only strong power grid construction basis, present and future development of power network in large capacity, voltage, long distance, complex lines as the main feature. To ensure that the small probability of uncertain power failure occurs, can still maintain a high quality of power supply, not a large area, long time of power failure; can adapt the rare natural disasters and extreme climatic conditions, ensure that no large area blackout accident; has strong information security defense ability, can be extremely sensitive to find information on network control system of the attack. (2) Self-healing grid self-healing function is adopted in the network to add sensors, actuators and intelligent elements, in normal operation, the control equipment of power system and fault prediction and detection,

without investment or minimum inputs to the human condition, the detection problem for rapid isolation, self-healing, avoid blackouts and power network accidents. (3) Compatible with the grid : To ensure the stable operation of power network based on wind energy, solar energy, able to support this kind of low cost, renewable energy power access, improving energy use efficiency, build a green power system. (4) Integrated grid : The unified standard, combined with information technology, digital technology, automation technology, communications technology, the grid integration for optical fiber communication, carrier and other means of communication with the communication network configuration, each system information integration, realizing electric power enterprise management, production management, power dispatching automation with power market management business highly integrated, forming a comprehensive auxiliary decision upport system, and continuously improve the enterpriseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s management and operation level. (5) The economic power : The realization of asset planning, construction, operation and maintenance of full life cycle process optimization, equipment operation and maintenance of reasonable arrangement, asset utilization efficiency is high, the operation and maintenance cost and low investment cost, support power market and power trading effectively, realize the reasonable configuration of resource. By controlling the flow technique, reduce power transmission congestion and allows for low cost power (including renewable resources access). (6) Environmental protection network : Network in power generation, transmission, distribution, energy

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electric meter. Located in the capital of the state of Colorado Denver West 4h40km town Boulder (Boulder), already became the first American city [2] smart grid.

Japan

storage and consumption in the process of reducing the impact on the environment, to further expand renewable energy access, where possible, in the future design, intelligent power grid assets will occupy less land, less on the actual effect of landscape. DOMESTIC, OUTSIDE THE SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT

The present situation of China smart grid At present, China’s power transmission line the backbone network is composed of 220kV,330kV, 500kV AC transmission line and a number of 500kV DC transmission line. The country formed 5 regional power grid and China Southern Power grid. One, East China, North China, central China, northeast4 regional power grid and China Southern Power Grid to the main grid is500kV DC transmission line, the Northwest Power Grid Based on 330RV network as the basis, in September 26, 2005 successfully built the first750kV official Pavilion - Lanzhou East power transmission demonstration project and put into operation. Power transmission from west to east project has also formed a North South three power supply channels: Central, East, and central power grid in Three Gorges power system as the center connection, in20 I 0 completed; North

China, northeast, northwest three grid connect mutually, consisting of northern network; cloud, expensive, Guangxi, Guangdong power grid4provinces formed the southern the Department of integrated power system. At the same time, north, south, in three big electrified wire netting can be mutually connected local area. However, because our country region is the depth is larger, each area developed in different degree, market economic system is not perfect, local protectionism, the related management mechanism is reasonable, the electricity price is too high or too low and other reasons, will affect the above network play.

The development status of foreign intelligent power grid America In 2006, American IBM company and the global power professional research institutions, power enterprises put forward “ smart grid” solution. In 2008April, the United States of America Colorado Boulder, the first in the nation built the city of smart grid. In 2009January, the United States government issued the” economic recovery plan progress report, point out will be laid or updates about4800km transmission line, and will provide more than 4American families to replace the intelligent

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Japan with its own national conditions, from the United States to develop smart grid solutions, and mainly around the large range of utilization of solar energy and other new energy, ensuring the power grid stability, formation of smart grid. TT the government and power company, started in the island test of a large range of smart grid, grid main validation in large-scale use of solar energy to provide power to the conditions, how to control power and residual frequency fluctuation, batteries and other problems, which, compared to concern about renewable energy and power systems is how to fusion” smart grid project”.

Europe European Renewable Energy Limited, which requires the establishment of spanned by the energy trading and transportation system to solve the strategy for survival. Using super smart grid solutions, the maximum will be with great potential for the North African desert solar and wind power and other renewable energy use, to deal with Europe’s energy needs, complete the European energy system.

China’s smart grid construction and the distinction between foreign countries Due to the different countries have different national conditions, the development stage and resource distributions are not in agreement, and therefore each national smart grid in the connotation and development direction, focus and other aspects have obvious difference. China’s smart grid are different from those of western countries, mainly because of China’s vast territory, resources and demand distributings extremely lopsided, especially large-scale new energy resources are concentrated in the western region, therefore, the China

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State Grid Corp UHV transmission technology used to achieve energy long distance transportation. There are formed of UHV grid intrinsic request, the construction in UHV construction based on smart grid. China smart grid will in UHV power network as the backbone network, the use of advanced communication and control technology, to construct the informatization, automation, digital, interactive characteristic of independent innovation and international leader in intelligent network. Chinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own national conditions and the imbalance of regional development, western area power grid construction level is lower than the eastern region. While the West has a lot of wind power, solar and other clean energy for access to power grid, thus, China clean energy access will be in western for the pilot, and the transmission and distribution network and the network will be in the central pilot, intelligent scheduling in North China and East China pilot. THE SIGNIFICANCE AND TREND OF SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT

The significance of construction of smart grid Smart grid for the relevant enterprises to improve operation efficiency and reliability, reduce the cost of it is a blueprint. Through the power of production, transportation, retail all aspects of the management, can save electricity, realizes the intelligent management, with more reliability and efficiency, increase the use of renewable energy, support for hybrid vehicle access, as well as the household appliances intelligent. State of energy, power is the expectation of saving energy and reducing emissions, and improve energy utilization efficiency. Power Grid Corp mainly focus on power grid operation safety, reliability and economy. User attention expenditure of charge of electricity and electrical reliability. Therefore, to improve power system operation security, reliability and economy, reduce expenditure of charge of electricity, improve energy efficiency,

to achieve energy saving and emission reduction, and low carbon and environmental protection, is a smart grid construction fundamental objectives of development.

Smart grid is the inevitable trend of power grid development Power grid has become industrialized, informatization and social development of the basic and important component part. At the same time, electrified wire netting also continued to absorb the industrialized, informatization achievement, make all kinds of advanced technology in power system of integrated application, which greatly enhance the network system function. (1) The smart grid is a grid technology development trend. In recent years, computer communications, automation technology in power network has been widely used, and the traditional electric power technology organic integration, greatly improve the intelligent level of the power grid. Sensor technology and information technology application in power grid system, as the system state analysis and assistant decisionmaking provide technical support, so that the grid self-healing become possible. Scheduling technology, automation technology and flexible transmission technology and the development of mature, for renewable energy and distributed power supply development use to provide the basic guarantee. Communication network perfect

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and collecting user information technology popularization and application, promote the interaction between grid and users. Along with each kind of new technology further development, application and highly integrated physical grid, smart grid emerge as the times require. (2) The development of smart grid is the inevitable choice of social economy development. In order to realize the development of clean energy, transportation and consumption, power grid must improve its flexibility and compatibility. To counter the increasingly frequent natural disasters and external interference, power grid must rely on intelligence means to continuously improve the capability of security and self-healing ability. In order to reduce operating costs, promote energy-saving emission reduction, power grid operation must be more economic and effective, at the same time must be electric equipment intelligent control, as much as possible to reduce electricity consumption. Distributed generation, storage technology and the rapid development of electric cars, has changed the traditional power supply mode, make power flow, information flow, business flow and continuous integration, to meet the increasingly diversified customer needs.

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T&D

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Cover Story THE KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF SMART GRID AND CHALLENGES Smart grid related to power generation, transmission, substation, distribution, electricity and scheduling of each link, in order to realize the intelligence, equipment, collection, communication, decisionmaking, control various aspects of the technology needs to be addressed, key technology mainly includes the integrated communication, sensor and measurement, advanced power facilities, advanced control method, decision support [4]

Integrated communication The concept of smart grid determines the smart grid needs to build high-speed, integrated communication technology architecture, to become a dynamic, interactive, real-time information and power exchange interaction of super structure of network. Integrated communication technology for smart grid required is also one of the most key technologies based on. At this stage already mature or in studies of various communication technologies are as follows: (1) Power broadband communication technology. Electric power broadband communication network coverage, high safety, mainly deployed in medium and low voltage distribution places, meet the distribution side of certain requirements, such as AMR, DER, DR, DA, application user population, video surveillance and other high-speed applications. However, the radio frequency and the frequency of HAN in some cases appear to interfere. This study uses the BPL technology, combined with the existing network and wireless communication technology, can also provide the remote areas to provide reliable, relatively low cost broadband services, complete the â&#x20AC;&#x153;last one kilometerâ&#x20AC;? access network, extend the smart grid applications. Taiwan Shengda electric power Limited by Share Ltd in 2010April Taiwan

first set of broadband power line communication (BPL) AMI series solution for smart grid, substations and power transmission and distribution process of the electric power information transmission and control, and effective management of electric energy, saving energy, cost, the purpose of efficiency. At present this kind of technology products in the proofof-concept stage, did not enter the communication market as support for smart grid communication system the leading candidate solutions. (2) Wireless communication technology. Wireless communication technology to the public the electromagnetic wave is the communication channel, do not depend on the grid, resist natural disaster ability, at the same time with the installation and maintenance simple, short construction period, flexible networking, large bandwidth, non-line-of-sight transmission advantages, can make up the existing communication mode is single, the coverage of the defect of insufficient. Common wireless communication technology with multiple address system broadcasting, spread spectrum radio, WiFi wireless internet network, WiMax global microwave access communication, mobile communication,3G TDMA TDMA, CDMA and CDMA. The existing wireless communication technology characteristics, access rate, coverage, applicable area each are not identical, and presents a functional

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complementation trends, and increasingly applied to power system fault remote, disaster preparedness, distribution automation, office intelligent, intelligent power grid communication as an important supplement to the smart grid communication. (3) The other communication technology. There are a number of available communication technologies, May in some ways supporting smart grid, the following generation, power line carrier Ethernet, optical fiber, hybrid fiber coaxial structure, radio frequency identification technology and so on. Various kinds of modem communication technology, the characteristics of application scope, advantages and disadvantages of each are not identical, the communication technology of smart grid will become the mainstream of communications technology, rely on technology development and intelligent power grid planning and actual needs of designers. Integrated communication technology for smart grid supporting technology in smart grid, broad application prospects, but there are still some problems to be solved. Firstly the formulation and implementation of the Power Grid Corp, scientific research institutions, manufacturers and other subject widely accepted standard for communications. Secondly the smart grid integrated communication network construction should take the management of Power Grid Corp business requirements, select the appropriate mode of

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construction. Finally, to fully consider the future resources and the increase of data quantity, for future network expansion and maintenance updates to a redundant configuration.

Sensing and measuring Smart grid of the link function is based on the data and information collection. Throughout the entire network of advanced sensor, two-way communication of intelligent meter and monitor system can get smart grid data and convert it into a graph, table, animation and other information, is provided to each aspect of the use of smart grid, for monitoring and evaluation of network equipment and network security state, preventing the transmission network congestion, communication between users. In the transmission, the wide-area measurement system (wide area measurement system WAMS), power transmission and transformation equipment state monitoring technology in the smart grid will play an increasingly important role in. Wide area measurement system of synchronous phasor measurement technology based, with power system dynamic monitoring, analysis and control for the target, with synchronous measurement vector high precision, rapid response, high speed communication advantages,

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applicable to large-span networking, in UHV power network as the backbone of our strong smart grid has important practical significance, its direction of development includes the state estimation, dynamic security monitoring, transient stability analysis, stability of protection / wide area control, optimization of power grid operation control. Through monitoring, smart grid can access and share the real-time state information, construct the network life cycle integrated optimization system, optimization of power equipment operation and maintenance, improve equipment utilization benefit. At present, condition monitoring technology is developing rapidly, has produced a number of practical on-line monitoring technology, and have been used, but generally Confined to a certain class of devices, a kind of specific applications, and monitoring and condition based maintenance standards need to be developed. In distribution links, to power company and user twoÂway communication of intelligent meter to replace the traditional electromagnetic meter and reading system, used for measuring and recording power parameters, contact center control server and distributed load, for users and suppliers to provide energy for electricity data,

decision, implementation of demand side response. In some cases, the smart meter is able to cut off or connect load, to improve power supply reliability, safety. The network intelligent electric meter of a series of standards have been promulgated, smart meters and batch production of the day is not too distant when, but the cost, signal attenuation problem need to solve.

Senior power facilities Senior power facilities is an important part of the intelligent power network, can be used alone, can also be linked together as a complex system, such as a network. Senior power facilities will be fully applied superconductivity, energy storage, power electronics, microelectronics technology and the latest research results, for the smart grid to provide better system stability, better security, higher power efficiency and real-time, on-line, continuous monitoring and diagnosis system.

Ultra high voltage transmission UHV transmission refers to the ratio of500 kV AC transmission energy larger, transmission distance farther transmission mode, including AC ultra high voltage ( UHC ), high voltage direct current (HVDC), has the advantages of low cost, simplified structure, small power grid short circuit current, small

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occupied space and improve the quality of electric energy and [9-10]. China strong smart grid in UHV power network as the backbone network, the coordinated development of power grids at various levels, is by the China economic development stage, the energy concentration distribution characteristics of the decision. At present our country in a long distance, large capacity, low loss of UHV transmission technology, the core of China-made equipment, standard system and obtained a lot of experience and results, for the construction of smart grid laid good foundation.

Power electronic equipment Power electronics technology is an advanced electric power infrastructure, unified power flow controller (UPFC), dynamic static synchronous device ( D - VAR ), dynamic synchronous shunt compensator (D STATCOM), static var compensator (SVC), solid-state power switch (SSTS), AC DC converter (AC / DC inverter) power electronic device in a smart grid can solve the transmission congestion, voltage fluctuation and flicker, commutation problem. The flexible AC transmission system (FACTS, including UPFC, SVC, DVAR) as an example, it can improve the transmission stability; improve the quality of electric energy.

Superconducting device Superconducting transmission of low energy consumption, large transmission capacity, electromagnetic pollution, low occupancy corridor width, can improve the reliability, safety, prevent fires. The first conductor has been put into production, can be used as a crowded city substation or export, fault current limiter and the busy parallel lines, improve the reliability of electric power system. High temperature superconducting cable transmission capacity, can realize low voltage, high current transmission, reduce cost, reduce the city congestion, at present in small batch production phase, the need for further research and development. The second generation of the superconducting wire price than the first generation lead

low 3 -10 times, low loss 10 times, price rises significantly, for voltage flicker and transient stability with better controllability. But customers and power plant auxiliary load dynamic characteristics, fault current increases ceaselessly wait for a problem to study and solve, is currently in the small batch production phase.

Divider power generation and energy storage Distributed power supply is a small capacity electricity generation and electric energy storage technology, especially refers to the capacity of 3 kW ~ 10000kW distribution in the load in the vicinity to meet specific customer demand and support for the economical operation of the distribution network of high energy utilization rate or the use of renewable energy power generation and generally use the solar energy, wind power, small hydro, biomass and other renewable energy or to natural gas. The fossil fuel power. Energy storage systems generally use chemical energy storage mode, long service life, can adjust the voltage, frequency and transient stability, improve the quality of electric energy in the event of a power failure, a user can be provided with15 min~ 60min power. Distributed energy storage device having sodium sulfur battery, vanadium battery, super capacitor, a superconducting magnetic energy storage and so on, mostly developed in the trial stage. Distributed generation micro grid system referred to as micro net, is defined by the distributed power, energy storage, energy conversion device, load and monitoring, protection device compiled a small distribution system, is able to realize the self control, protection and management of autonomous system, both with large grid operation, can also be isolated operation. A smart grid could through the micro net effective management of distributed power supply, can realize the large number of distributed power network, make full use of all kinds of renewable and clean energy, and reduce as far as possible to the safe operation of the impact of

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distribution network. The distributed power development also exist with distribution network interconnection, power quality, norms and standards and other aspects of the problem, we should vigorously promote the distributed power system planning and operation, mathematical model and Simulation of network protocols and guidelines, and other aspects of the research, promotion of distributed generation technologies in smart grid applications.

Composite conductor The present study using new material load line can improve the transmission capacity, reduce the transmission loss. Aluminum conductive composite material core cable (ACCC) wire to transmit the power of two times the normal cable, convenient installation; reinforced composite ceramic fiber core overhead conductor (ACCR) can improve the heat transfer capacity of 150% - 300%.

Grid friendly type device As a result of microelectronics, power electronics technology, power grid friendly device can be used to balance the supply and demand of electricity, improve the operation stability of power system and responses to disturbance capacity . For example, in household appliances installed on the local controller, the system is disturbed, can automatically switch of household electrical appliances ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

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switch, regulating system load, to guide the user to use electricity, realize the demand side response. However, because the distribution network of power grid friendly device not affected by power carrier control, some cases can lead to deterioration of power grid disturbance, friendly device control mode, the influence on power means for further study.

Advanced control methods Advanced control method for the analysis, diagnosis and prediction of smart grid condition device and method, guide grid related personnel decision-making and action, solve the power system of electric energy quality, equipment failure and other problems. Advanced control methods will be used to support the distributed intelligent body, analysis tools and application software. Distributed intelligent body is adaptive, self learning, self repair and semi-automatic control system, can be in the local layer fast response, in order to ease the burden of the operator and control system. A plurality of distributed intelligent body can also be composed of multi-agent, towards a more complex function. Commonly used analysis tools with system performance monitoring, simulation and prediction, vector analysis, weather forecast and integrated, fast load flow analysis, market system simulation, fault location of distribution network of high speed calculation, etc.. Smart grid applications relying on the local intelligence, automation and distribution control, especially the primary local effects, such as SCADA, substation automation, automation,

state of repair, asset optimization etc ..

Decision support Smart grid needs to use broad, seamless, real-time electric equipment information and tools, help managers make decisions quickly, also need advanced visualization display system status clearly show run by senior staff, system simulation and training process, enhance all levels of operating personnel decisionmaking ability, solve all sorts of problems in electric power system. lIDS technology will complex power system data is converted to make operation personnel one look to understand information, such as animation, color adjustment, virtual reality and so on, help the operator identification, analysis, deal with the problems. Application of lIDS technology in smart grid, can realize the visualization, assistant decisionmaking, system operation personnel training, customer decision making and operation enhancement. The current lIDS technology is still not able to accomplish these tasks, the need for further research.

Face the challenge Substation intelligent will result in partial two equipment at one time, the chip would challenge, because of a majority of the equipment in the outdoor, the temperature range, anti-jamming and special environmental requirements increase in isolation, for example, optical isolation will be faced with high temperature and long life for the challenge. Digital substation measuring portion from the two side to the first side

of the shift, will require many of the infrastructure update, basic detection techniques, including signal conditioning the block development great changes. The circuit design is also presented high challenge, first of all must adapt to the harsh environmental challenges, including a wide range of temperature stability, antiÂ jamming and so on. This requires the design of new devices to meet the new technology trends. Like the traditional optical isolation also will meet the challenge, while the ADI iCoupler because of avoiding optical isolation of the shortcomings and advantages. Compared with traditional optical coupling isolation, exclusive to ADI iCoupler Digital Isolator technology based on chip transformer, support higher data rate, lower power consumption, and more stable performance. Through the use of a wafer level chip manufacturing process directly in the transformer, iCoupler digital isolation channel in order to lower the cost of integration and other semiconductor functional integration.â&#x20AC;? In view of the whole network complexity, the development of smart grid is a new trend, the concentrated power generating, transmission, distribution, with four links. It is the concept in regional context, the new energy network and the existing power grid together, in the local area to realize their power or control, balance network, mainly storing energy, energy storage equipment is the key link of micro net. Electric vehicle as energy storage link an application.

Author

Dr. L. Ashok Kumar The author has completed his B.E., ME., MBA., PhD. He has both teaching and industrial experience of 18 years. At present he is working as a Professor in the Dept. of EEE, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore. He has got 18 research projects from various Government funding agencies. He has published 97 Technical papers in reputed National and International Journals and presented 85 technical articles in International and National Conferences. He is a recipient of many National and International Awards. He is a member of various National & International Technical bodies like ISTE, IETE, TSI, BMSI, ISSS, SESI, SSI CSI & TAI. He is IE Certified Charted Engineer. His areas of specializations are Wearable Electronics, Power Electronics & Drives and Renewable Energy Systems.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR An Outlook of the Electrical & Power Industry

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR An Outlook of the Electrical & Power Industry

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Wires and Cables in India Looks Toward a Better Growth

Wires, Cables & Conductors In India, the size of the cable manufacturing industry is approx Rs. 40,000 crores. The specialized cable industry in which CMI operates currently, is roughly of the size of Rs. 10,000 crores. The government has announced ambitious plans for infrastructure development. One of the primary focus area of the development plan is railways, with over Rs. 800,000 Cr as promised investment over the period of 2015-2020. In addition, the government has earmarked Rs 50,000 crore (US$ 7.53 billion) to develop 100 smart cities across the country. Highway projects worth US$ 93 billion, which include government flagship National Highways Building Project (NHDP) with total investment of US$ 45 billion over next three years, have also been announced. The Digital India campaign will require an investment of Rs. 4,50,000 Crore. Ministry of Power is also looking at an investment of 15,000 lakh Crore over the next 5 years. The industry has been growing at the rate of around 15% currently, will start growing at the CAGR of over 20% over the next 5 years. CMI limited has been outperforming the industry and we hope to continue doing so, over the next 5 years as well. The future looks bright if the proposed plans take shape. The wire and cable industry in India has transformed from being a small to a large industry over the last decade. Today, power sector is the biggest driver in the mainstay of cable demand, accounting for more than three-quarters of the market. Innovation related to increasing efficiency, reliability and safety are driving the industry to a newer height. As per a recent survey by, the wires and cable industry in India is poised to cross the Rs. 57,000 crore benchmark by 2018. The wires and cables industry in India comprise about a quarter of the total transmission and distribution segment.

Current Focus The current focus of the industry is on consolidating the current areas of interest. The Railways happens to be the largest customer for the sector and with the huge opportunity in expansion and modernization of the Railways, a bullish growth can be expected from this sector. The Indian cable manufacturing industry is mainly divided into two segments: organized and unorganized. In the organized sector cables are produced with best / virgin raw materials as per specification, are duly tested during production at various stages and the final product is retested before dispatch. This makes the products from the organized sector more expensive vis a vis the Unorganized sector. The Cable Industry in the unorganized sector is mainly in-house building wiring industry, where no quality control is followed. The main reason being that the end user is also not aware of all quality requirements. However the situation is changing. With the slew of advertising and the publicity campaigns targeted at this segment, people are getting more and more aware about the quality of products in this category too and asking questions before deciding on the cables and wiring. This a step in the right direction, since the safety and durability of electrical and electronic

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fixtures depends on these. The wires and cables market in India is comprises nearly 40 per cent of the electrical industry. According to industry experts, it is expected to double in size in the next five years. The industry is growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15 per cent. The market has been growing steadily, and according to a recent research report, it is expected to touch Rs 572 billion by 2018. The increasing importance of power, light and communication has kept the demand high for wires and cables. This trend will continue as demand for reliable, efficient energy and data communications will strengthen the wires and cables industry in the future as well. As the new government is focusing on â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Make in Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, the industry can grow at a similar rate for the next five years. Every conductor in the electrical system has a built-in resistivity. This means that part of the electrical energy that it carries is dissipated as heat and is lost as useful energy. For a given conductor diameter, those energy losses can be reduced by choosing material with a high electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of copper is second only to silver and is 65% better than aluminium. Energy losses can be further reduced by increasing the conductor diameter. The energy savings that result from increasing the

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PRODUCT RANGE

AN ISO 9001:2008, 14001:2004 & CE CERTIFIED & ROHS COMPLIANT

HEATFLEX CABLES PRIVATE LIMITED Regd. Office: SK-42, Sindhora Kalan, Delhi-110052 Phone: 011-23645428, Fax: 011-23643428 E-mail: heatflexcables@ymail.com, sales@uniquecables.co.in Website: www.uniquecables.co.in Works: H-1464, DSIIDC Narela Industrial Area, Delhi-110040

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|| JANUARY 2016

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Wires, Cables & Conductors conductor diameter lead, in the vast majority of cases, to a reduction in the life cycle cost of the system. The wires and cables market in India has come a long way, from being a small industry to a very large one, over the past decade. The industry is mostly volume driven, although it comes with a lot of technical and quality nuances. Over the last 20 years, the industry has shifted from being an unorganized sector to an organized one, although 35 per cent of the industry continues to be a part of the unorganized sector. Smart wiring is a structured way of pre-wiring dwelling units; it helps deploy and manage delivery of low voltage systems and control services, and provides a connected environment effectively and efficiently. The need for smart wiring concept arises from the demand for home technology, which shows no sign of declining despite a challenging housing market. Installed infrastructure like high-speed wiring, and the adoption of broadband enable the growth of wholehome networks for digital media as well as data. The smart wiring system can be divided into two parts: Basic system â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Telephone, satellite TV, Internet and data services; Advanced system â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Supports basic system + surveillance (CCTV) and building automation. CRUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ROW (rest of the world) data for calendar year 2014 shows a stark turnaround in copper wire rod usage in wires and cables industry in India. There was a 5 per cent increase in copper wire-rod used in wires and cables production for 2014, which is a vast improvement from the (YoY) reduction of 0.4 per cent in 2013.

The demand for wires and cables is on a rise as various specialized applications. The investment made by various private companies in the power sector has stimulated the industry growth further. The wire and cable industry in India is slowly moving towards global standards. The latest trend that can be seen is the rise in demand for FRLS PVC Compound. PVC is inherently flame retardant due to presence of chlorine. Hence it finds high acceptability in application where self-extinguishing properties are required. As the safety regulations become more stringent, demand for FRLS compounds has increased. Another trend that can be widely seen is RoHS compliance. As more and more players are manufacturing products for global market, they require PVC compounds which can pass stringent environmental regulations. Apart from this, UL certification of grades is also a trend which can be seen throughout the industry. As more and more customers are manufacturing for serving global markets, UL certification goes a long way ensuring that the quality standards are met. As the manufacturers are investing heavily on the research and development, innovative products, this has driven the market high with increasing needs of customers. There is demand for fibre-optic lines in tier 3, 4, 5 and 6 Indian cities, as tier 1 cities have been wired up and tier 2 were almost being completed. Also, with the initiative by the government like the smart city and digital India the demand for these wires looks positive. With the increased concern and

48 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || SEPTEMBER 2016

awareness to fire safety, the Industry is witnessing an increasing trend of customer preference for cables offering better fire resistant and resilient properties. Requirement of fire survival cables, for critical and high passenger traffic areas is now a regular feature of enquiries from metro rails, airports etc.

Competitive Landscape Indian consumers have become very price sensitive due to pressure from Indian competitors as well as from global competitors. But still respectable margins can be generated by creating differentiation for the customers in terms of product quality, reducing demand supply variation by supplying in just-in-time, innovating the packaging, reducing inventory levels and scrap generation. Around 35 per cent of wires and cables available currently in the market continue to be sourced from unorganized sector players with lackluster focus on quality and technical support. Thus, they supply sub-standard products at low prices and follow unethical practices. This kind of parallel market is a concern for India. In certain segments, small local producers may be encouraged by legitimate tactics like price preferences, but in most segments there is violation of even basic standards which in turn increase chances of fire hazards due

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Wires, Cables & Conductors to the poor quality of wires and cables. Small manufacturers bypass standard regulations followed by mediumsized and large-scale manufacturers. In India, where perceptions of quality are important, unscrupulous small producers may try to sell counterfeit cables, usurping the brand-names of the more reputable Indian cable makers. The Indian wire and cable industry is growing satisfactorily and getting more and more consolidated, moving from being a largely unorganized a decade ago to becoming a largely organized sector now. The industry has now transformed itself to a large and dynamic market where organized players capture 50-55 percent of market. Constituting over 40 percent of the electrical industries, it is growing at CAGR of at least15 percent consequent to the growth in power and infrastructure segments.

Strong Growth Forecast The wires and cables industry in the India has grown at a CAGR of 16.7 percent from 2009-2014. Revenues from the wires and cables industry in India are further expected to expand with a CAGR of 18.5 percent from 2014-2019. Separately, forecasts say that the electric wire and cable market in India is to grow at a CAGR of 16.18 percent over the period 2015-2019 as power cables led the revenues of the wires and cables market with more than 50 percent contribution to the total market in fiscal year 2014. Automotive, telecommunication and construction industries, three most important customer segments, are growing appreciably with annual growth of 25 percent in past few years signifying extremely busy days for the wire and cable industry. USD 1 Trillion financing opportunities in infrastructure for global investors over the next five years, Indian automobile expected to touch USD 145

billion by 2016, and the Indian real estate market rising up to USD 180 billion by 2020 are some invigorating indicators. The Govt.’s commitment to provide 24×7 affordable and quality power to the nation is spurring unprecedented growth of power generation and transmission segments in the country. Overall generation in the country from 967.150 BU (2013-14) to 1048.673 BU (2014-15) with overall growth rate of 8.43 percent, USD 50 billion investment supported by the Govt.’s 18 billion in the transmission sector, the telecommunications market being the third largest and the fastest growing, etc. are sure indicators for the growth of wire and cable industry. India has a lot of potential in the mining, power, oil and gas, metro railways, cement industry, steel industry and other sectors. Different kinds of cables like extra high voltage cables, elastomer cables, etc., are now being used for special applications such as mining/ oil sector, shipbuilding/crane cables/ elevator cables, cables for solar power plants, to harness power for new generation motor vehicles, windmill solutions, security systems and other types of data cables.

Buoyant Segments As mentioned, the power cable led the industry from front contributing almost 50 percent of the industry’s total revenue, thanks to govt.’s continued emphasis on laying comprehensive power distribution and transmission network in the country. The power cable segment is to continue on the ascending growth path as there is much to be done as on power T&D. India has been steadily moving towards increasing digitization and the commitment has grown much with the new dispensation unleashing programs like Digital India, Boradband Highway, etc. This increasing digitization

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has of course catapulted the demand for Optical Fibre Cables (OFC) networks and the manufacture of OFC. OFCs are gaining importance in the wires and cables market. Internet, Cable TV, burgeoning usage of smartphones and the rising demand for broadband services have caused massive sprouts of OFC installations in the country. To address this growing need for high speed data transmission, the govt. along with major organized sector players has been investing huge amount. According to a recent report published, the thriving automotive sector is one of the major forces influencing the wire and cable materials market in India. India is witnessing the flourishing automotive industry due to rising demand for commercial and personal vehicles and growing purchasing power. The Indian automotive industry has been reporting two-digit growth rates for years. The gross domestic product (GDP) in India has increased considerably, thereby fueling the automotive as well as automotive wire and cable materials market. Construction is one of the core sectors of India’s economy and the future of the industry is important for commodities. Construction cable and wire sector is about to see steep growth in demands in coming days owing to huge govt.’s spending in infrastructure, smart cities, real estate boom, and housing explosion.

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Case Study of The Month

Various Case Studies on Operation and Control Schemes for Grid Sub-Station Contd….

1. Introduction : For the last few months, the response of the readers to the case studies on various incidents is overwhelming. Hence this month we are again choosing the write up on similar kind of studies for developing the synchronisation of practical observation to the theoretical concepts. The analysis of each incident being supported by actual observations had been described during the situation to add awareness amongst the operation, testing and commissioning engineers to know the cause of problems and be helpful for easy rectification of the problems. This can also help to develop economic schemes for the smooth running of the operation and control system in the Grid Sub-Station. 2.1. Abnormal operation of Relay : One of the Back up relay (OC+EF) was connected from a CT of following configuration (CTR 800/1, Acc. Class = 5P10, Burden=15VA, RCT=5Ω). The connected circuit has lead

resistance RL = (2 x 1)Ω and relay resistance RR=0.2 Ω (Numerical). The calculated fault current is to be IF = Fault Current =20 KA. With this combination of circuit it was observed of abnormal operation of the relay for maximum near by fault condition. Investigation and Analysis : The satisfactory operation of the protection scheme depends upon the development of voltage across the winding to drive the current through the relays or instruments during the time of fault So for calculation of actual voltage and design voltage, following formula can be used. Actual Voltage = ISF*(Rct + RL+ Rr), Design Voltage = Burden x ALF /Is ( ISF = Secondary side fault current) On Calculation Actual Voltage = ISF*(Rct + RL+ Rr) = 20,000/800 (5+2+0.2) = 180 Volt And designed value of the CT = Burden x ALF /Is = 15x10 = 150 Volt.

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So in this case, the designed value is less than the actual voltage required for the reflection of current for faithful application. On return calculation we can conclude here that for the fault current up to which the designed voltage becomes equal to the actual voltage could be calculated as follows. So Actual voltage is to be made equal to 150 Volt = ISF*(Rct + RL+ Rr) = ISF x (5+2+0.2) And ISF= 150 / (5+2+0.2) = 20.83 Amp and corresponding primary value = 16.67 KAmp. So during fault occurrence when fault current was becoming less than the obtained value of 16.67 KAmp, the behavior of relay becoming normal and obeying the correct actuation of the relay. Note : For the choice of CT in the circuit, the burden of the CT and ALF (Accuracy limiting factor) has to be properly chosen as per the fault current in the system. 2.2. Variation of CVT Secondary Voltage : In one of the 220/132KV substation the secondary voltages for different CVTs were measured for routine checkup and found with following on metering core. Investigation :- After observing the abnormality from month no-1, the monitoring was attempted for other cores of all the three feeders from Month-2 onwards. The readings of other cores were also found with similar abnormality as of the metering core. From these observations of the readings it could be apprehended regarding the problems in CDU [Capacitance Divider Unit] Analysis : - CVT contains two capacitor blocks as top unit and bottom unit. Top unit consists of capacitor stacks of more number of elements and lower unit has less number of elements.

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Case Study of The Month

Month Phases

Fdr1

Fdr2

Fdr3

Feb

Rph Yph Bph

63.2 63.8 63.4

63.8 60.1 63.4

65.2 63.8 63.3

March

Rph Yph Bph

63.3 63.7 63.6

63.7 59.8 63.3

65.4 63.6 63.4

April

Rph Yph Bph

63.0 63.5 63.2

63.6 59.7 63.2

65.8 63.7 63.3

May

Rph Yph Bph

62.9 63.3 63.1

63.0 58.9 63.1

65.0 63.4 63.3

For the typical 220KV CVT C1 = 4840 pf [Top unit], C2= 48400 [Bottom unit] Voltage divider ratio=(220KV/√3) / (20 KV/ √3)=11 Assume No of elements in C1 = 200 No of elements in C2 = 20 Healthy voltage divider ratio= (C1 + C2) / C1 =11 Case ‘A’ suppose one element is faulty New C1 = 4840 x 200 / 199=4864.32 pf Voltage divider ratio = (4864.32 + 48400) / 4864.32= 10.95 Now new secondary voltage = (110 / √3) x 11 / 10.95 = 63.8 For ‘2’ elements faulty New secondary voltage = 63.52x11 / 10.89=64.08volt Similarly other calculation can be done. Note : - For the faulty capacitor elements on the top unit the secondary voltage magnitude increases. Symptom of rise in secondary voltage compared to other phase secondary voltage indicates about the problem in top capacitor unit Case ‘B’ supposes one element is faulty in bottom unit New C2 = 48400 x 20/19 = 50947.37pf New Voltage Ratio = (4840 + 50947.37) / 4840 = 11.53

Now new secondary voltage 63.5 x 11 / 11.53= 60.58 For ‘2’ elements faulty New Sec. Voltage = 63.5 x 11 / 12.11=57.7 volt Note : - For the faulty capacitor elements on the bottom unit, the secondary voltage magnitude decreases. Symptom of fall in secondary voltage, compared to other phase secondary voltage indirectly about the problem in bottom capacitor unit. 1) From the recording values of secondary voltages it is apprehended that for feeder 2, “Yph” CVT might have been suffered with problems on

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capacitor elements of bottom unit. 2) For fdr 3; it is for problem with capacitor elements of Top unit. Remark : - The said CVTs were measured with capacitance value and the faulty units were replaced by the good ones 2.3. Tripping of Remote end E/F Relay: It was observed with tripping of remote end Earth Fault relay during charging of a 315 MVA Rectiformer (Rectifying Transformer) at one sub-station. ANALYSIS : - The relays used in the total system, starting from the local center to the remote station were checked and tested regarding the performance of the relays. The detail study was conducted with analysis of

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the setting values and tripping events from the NUMERICAL relays available at the remote station. All the relays were set with directional feature so abnormality in the system at Station B could have been cleared by the relays at this station instead of the tripping of the relays at station A. On event record it was observed with rise of current to 12 times that of rated setting on the E/F relay. Records of the Relays at station B like (Differential, REF and E/F) were analyzed and found with the use of 2nd harmonic blocking scheme in Differential and REF relay. The E/F relay was in INACTIVE mode. But the relay at station A was associated to the normal condition of earth fault occurrence. During the general fault condition, the

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fundamental frequency fault current becomes predominant and according to the limitation of such value, the relay at Station A had been set to take care of the fault in the system. But the situation as described in the system is not actual a fault condition. This is a condition of sudden charging of an

inductive material that extends 2nd harmonic current of larger magnitude, which exceeds the limit of the setting at station A and resulting the tripping of this station instead of station B. SOLUTION : - Hence on mutual understanding and as per the observation and analysis of the down loaded data, the E/F relay at the remote station (Station A) was made Directional and the tripping was programmed on the basis of % availability of 2nd Harmonics current. During initial charging of the system, the programmed relay blocks the tripping command by sensing the values as Inrush current due to the setting of the % availability of 2nd Harmonics factor, and then it allows tripping the relay. Suppose for the condition during initial charging actual fault remains in the system, then the percentage availability of 2nd harmonics current shall not be prominent and the relay instead of blocking will allow the tripping of the system. 2.4. Myths on Earthing System : At one of the grid sub-station, the group head of the station asked for the change of the GI flats by copper flats. But because of cost being more, the size of the copper was reduced. But on final completion, it was observed with the no improvement of earth resistance. Analysis : The resistance of the earthing system for electrode used in the system does not depend upon the type of material used, rather depends upon the dimension of the electrode and resistivity of the surrounding soil to the electrode. Similarly for the use of earth strips for inter-connection, the type of material used does not

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Case Study of The Month

have the role for obtaining earth resistance. If copper strip shall be used then only advantage of non getting corrosion of the material and system earthing could have better longevity. The formula that used from different standards are described below.

less than one ohm in all areas. The earth resistance of < 1 ohm to obtain with individual electrode is not possible, because the type of surrounding soil and dimension of material to be used shall be of impractical. Surrounding material plays the important role for the resistance of the earthing system as 100 ρ 4l Rg = log n ohms Education - 1 stated by all the standards like ( IS, BS 2 πl d and IEEE80). 80 to 90 % of the resistance ρ ρ π Rg = + Education - 2 of a given electrode is determined by LT 4 A the character of the soil within the interfacing hemisphere, which is the 1. Formula for resistance of earth dissipation area of discharge current. Even to attain the same it may be electrode (Equation-1) required to replace large volume of 2. Formula for resistance with strip earth with low resistivity material, inter-connected ( Equation-2) which becomes impracticable. So a For both the fomula the type of small portion of about 4 to 10 inch material (either cpooer or GI ) has diameter soil is replaced with better no role, rather the dimension of the resistivity back fill material and the material used has the role for change Distance from Approx of the resistance. Electrode surface % of Total Rg = Station ground resistance in Resistance Ft Mtr ohms

√

r = is the radius of a circle having the same area or that occupied by grid in meters LT = Total buried length of conductors in meters ρ = Resistivity of the soil (assumed uniform) in ohm-m A = Area of both sides of the plates in m² L, l = Length of the rod or pipe (in cm) d = diameter of rod or pipe (in cm) l = length of the strip (in cm) for strip electrode For the situation, during change of the earth strip, the dimension of strip has also been changed with lesser dimension, which may affect the resistance of the system. NOTE : So for better earth resistance, the dimension of material is important rather type of material. 2.4. Myths on Earthing System : Chemical Earthing with one electrode gives low resistance of 56 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || SEPTEMBER 2016

0.1

0.03

0.2

0.06

0.3

0.09

0.5

0.15

1.0

0.3

5.0

1.5

10.0

3.0

15.0

4.6

20.0

6.1

25.0

7.6

100

system is called chemical earthing. The electrode geometry as described in the IEEE 142 table 9 is explained below regarding the availability of the resistance of the interfacing hemisphere. Around a grounding electrode, the resistance of the soil is the sum of series resistance of the virtual shell of the earth, located progressively outward from the rod. The shell nearest the rod has the smallest circumferential area or cross section. So it has the highest resistance. Successive shells outside this one have progressively larger area and thus lower resistance. As the radius from the rod increases the incremental resistance per unit of radius decreases effectively to nearest zero. An experiment with 10 ft, 16 mm rod shows the readings in the table shown.

Er P. K. Pattanaik, is presently working with OPTCL as Asst. General Manager (Elect) in E & MR Division, Bhubaneswar- Odisha and associated with the Protection and Control schemes of Electrical systems. He is having 24 years of technical experience in Designing, Testing and Commissioning of Protection Control and operational Schemes, project Implementation, co-ordination, operations & maintenance of Electrical Equipments at various LT/ HT/ EHT level Grid Sub- Stations. He has also published around 70 technical papers in different national/international seminars/journals. ele.pkpattanaik@optcl.co.in

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I nterview Generation of Power - Renewable and Non Renewable to supply of power to last mile consumer. IPCL has erected a 220 kV EHV substation and transmits power from the grid to its substation. Mr. Shrirang Karandikar || CEO || India Power Corporation Limited

Can you please give us a brief about India Power Corporation ?

• India Power Corporation Ltd. (IPCL) was born of the merger of India Power, a Kanoria Group company, and Dishergarh Power Supply Corporation (DPSC) Limited, a power generation and distribution company incorporated in 1919. The oldest distribution licensee in the region, it still operates over an area of 618 Sq Km in the coal-rich Asansol - Raniganj belt. It has been serving the area for nine decades, providing critical survival power to the underground collieries of Eastern Coalfields Ltd., hospitals, government utilities, industrial and commercial consumers. It also has a power sourcing and supply relationship with DVC and WBSEDCL, the state utility, in addition to its own generation. • IPCL has also been awarded the distribution franchisee for Gaya, Bodhgaya & Manipur region by South Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited through its wholly owned subsidiary, India Power Corporation (Bodhgaya) Limited. IPCL took over franchisee operation from 1st June 2014. We supply power to more than

150,000 consumers in an area of around 1630 Sq km compromising both urban & rural pockets. • India Power Corporation (Haldia) Ltd. has been promoted to contribute to the power requirements of the state of West Bengal. Incorporated as an SPV in April 2008, it is setting up a 450 MW (3x150 MW) coal based power plant at Haldia at an estimated approximate cost of Rs. 3200 crores. The first, second and third units of the power plant are expected to be commissioned in 2016. • In addition to conventional generation, IPCL also has around 95.4 MW of wind assets in operation in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Karnataka, which it aims to increase to 500 MW in the near future. India Power has championed wind power since 2006, The company has also developed a 2 MW grid connected solar power plant along with West Bengal Green Energy Development Corporation Ltd. in Asansol. • IPCL has always aimed at optimizing its distribution assets and creating benchmarks in efficiency by outperforming industry standards. As such, the T&D loss figures stand at less than 3% against the all India average of

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about 25%.

What are the services you offer in the country?

• IPCL offers entire bouquet of services from Generation of Power – Renewable and Non Renewable to supply of power to last mile consumer. IPCL has erected a 220 kV EHV substation and transmits power from the grid to its substation.

What are the major challenges in Indian Power sector?

Major challenge in the sector is temporary power surplus situation o Lack of demand from the industrial sector has resulted in power surplus scenario and this situation is not likely to change in the near future. o The industrial recovery is being seen in IIP figures but has not been consistent. o As the demand from industry picks up than the suppressed supply of generation plants which are running at low PLF would pick up leading to better utilisation of resources in the short run. Second challenge lack of opportunities of Private Sector Participation in distribution sector o Electricity Act 2003 has laid

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foundations for competition and private sector participation through Open Access, Distribution Franchisee and Parallel License. o Open Access has not taken off due to the restrictions and high cross subsidy surcharge levied on Open Access availing consumer by the incumbent licensee. o Distribution Franchisee is a good PPP option however as most of the initial gains of Distribution Franchisee have been fretted away by current one sided contracts rather than even sided contracts earlier. o There is a need to promote and provide private sector participation in right earnest for growth of the sector.

What are the opportunities you foresee in the power sector of Indian in coming years?

With a possibility of separation of Supply and Network functions of distribution company becoming a reality in the near future following opportunities are bound to arise as a result o The supply companies/franchisee

o The demand aggregators demand aggregators are those operators who would maintain the demand of particular locality / area at a constant level by demand reduction /restriction etc. and thereby earn commission or percentage of profit through the same. o Smart Metering / Smart Grids Equipments etc. Would become affordable therefore their penetration would bound to increase. ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

According to you what reforms are needed in the power sector?

The reforms in the sector should promote o Healthy competition

the foundations. The company is focussing on these sectors for future growth. There are quite a few opportunities in both the above segments which we are evaluating.

o Growth of private sector o Even sided contracts for better private sector participation in the sector

Share the future plans of your company with our readers.

As discussed earlier the company has laid foundation stones for progressing in Generation (Thermal & Renewable) and Distribution (has expertise of operating Licensee and Franchisee Models). The focus is to build on Mr Karandikar is a M. E. in Electrical and PG Diploma in Project Management with over 3 decades of multidimensional experience in business operations & development, project management, start - up operations and leadership & team management in various Power Sector Utilities. He started his career with MSEB and has sailed through organizations like Kalpataru Power, Torrent Power, NDPL (Tata Power), NTPC etc. His last stint was in Crompton Greaves Ltd where he made remarkable contribution in acquiring Franchisee businesses while heading the Distribution Business. He brings with him sound knowledge of both acquisition and implementation of start-up operations with exposure to managing processes & procedures

and compliance & quality. Besides having a sound understanding of the dynamics in Power sector, he is very strong in Organization Development and has actively taken interest in this area in his previous organizations. His knowledge and interest in integrating business and people with a synergistic approach towards meeting organization's objectives will be highly relevant and encouraging for all of us in creating collaborative efforts for enhancing the quality and standards of work at IPCL. Mr. Shrirang Karandikar

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Guest Article

Power Transformer Protection

When there is fault in transformer, the resultant damage is proportional to the duration of fault clearance. There are 2 types of protection generally provided on a power transformer. 1. DC protection 2. AC protection Only fools opt for cure, wise people choose prevention. All the AC/DC protections described below act after the fault has taken place and help only in reducing the quantum of damage, but can-not prevent damage as they are incapable of giving any warning prior to occurrence of a fault. Some special provisions can be given so that transformer gives warning signals before a fault takes place. The author of this article has patented such features, which give signals of probable future damage and also protect transformers from un-desired ageing. Anyway, first we describe the conventional protection systems:

DC Protection These devices operate on DC protection - Buchholz relay / OTI /WTI /PRV /MOG /SPR /OSR Buchholz relay The Buchholz relay is a mechanical device installed on transformers with conservators, which allows the flow of oil but traps the gas when flowing

from main tank to conservator. The small volume of gas, say 50-80 cc first triggers alarm and if more, triggers breaker trip circuit for isolation of electric supply. The device is a directional device and works only when arrow marked on device is pointing towards conservator. For its correct performance, the straight pipe line on both side of relay must be of specific length -- Minimum 3D on conservator side and 5D on main tank side. D is the diameter of Buchholz relay bore. GOR-3 should have 400 / 240mm straight pipes respectively. Minor faults inside the transformers produce slow gas and cause alarm circuit to operate. Major faults, in addition to gas generation, cause oil rush @ app 90 cm/sec which operates trip element of Buchholz relay. In such cases, Buchholz should operate in app 0.1 seconds. The time of operation should never exceed 0.3 seconds. Transformer leveling plays a role in Buchholz relay operation time. It is recommended to keep transformer Buchholz relay side 5-10mm higher than the other side for easy access of gases to relay. All other pipes on transformer tank except Buchholz relay pipe should be projected inside tank by 20-25 mm.

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OTI/WTI (Oil & Winding temperature indicators) These devices read approximate temperature of oil and windings. Some manufacturers use devices with alcohol vapour filled in their capillaries, which is incorrect. Their expansion is non-linear and they give error in readings by 5 to 10 degree C. Temperature indicators only having linear expansion must be used for safe operation of transformer. Careful selection of WTI CT is a must, which should match with the specification of WTI installed. It is preferable to use image coil for sensing rather than bringing out CT secondary wires to WTI, to get rid of fear of accidently leaving CT secondary open. Unfortunately, we do not have temperature indicators which can attend to following features: a. Auto-correction of temperature settings. For example, once a trip setting is done at 75 degree C at an ambient temperature of 40 degree C ( oil temperature rise of 35 degree) , it remains same through-out the year irrespective of ambient temperature changes which take place in winter season. At an ambient of 5 degree C, this allows oil temperature rise of 70 degree C, permitting overloads, if not interrupted by over-current protection. b. Auto-resetting of maximum temperature indicator (Red pointer). This red pointer indicator shows the highest temperature transformer achieved when kept un-observed. Ideally, this needs to be brought back manually to the actual reading point daily. No one performs this. The feature of auto-return is missing in all indicators available. PRV (Pressure relief valve) This device replaced explosion vents used previously and works on excessive pressure developing inside

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Guest Article

the transformer. These are available in pressure ranges 0.42/ 0.49/ 0.7 kg/ sq.cm. It is provided with NO/NC contacts which can suitably be used for triggering the alarm/trip circuits. In case transformer requires painting, PRV should be covered first and should never be painted or all its properties may get lost and make it non-functional. MOG (Magnetic oil gauge) This device senses the oil level in transformer and has alarm/trip provisions. It works with the help of a float. Proper calibration and placement as per size of conservator is required for correct use. SPR (Sudden / Rapid pressure relay) Internal arcing in transformer can instantly raise pressure to abnormal levels which can cause catastrophic failure, rupturing the tank and spreading flames. This device is set to operate before PRV functions. OSR (Oil surge relay) This device is provided in transformers equipped with OLTC. The device allows flow of gas but operates on surge of oil, which takes place under fault conditions only.

AC Protection Differential relay This relay detects faults in differential zone, which covers transformer, LAs and all external connections on bushings and equipment with-in CT zone. The protection is based on current balance comparison of HV/ LV currents which flow in the relay in opposite directions. Over-current & Earth-fault relay This protection is based purely on current value and has no connection with temperature rise of transformer. The current value and time settings can be done in the IDMT relays, based on load available. Restricted earth fault protection This protection senses the internal earth faults in transformer and does

not sense external faults. The sensing of REF relay is better than Differential relay as Differential relays usually have bias settings 20-30%. Differential protection may or may not operate on minor earth faults inside the transformer. Here is the role of REF, which is more sensitive to internal earth faults. Over-fluxing With poorly designed magnetic circuit of transformers, this is more likely to happen. This is V/f protection and more likely to happen in generator transformers. These transformers must be designed with lower flux densities. Constant over-fluxing can saturate the transformer core.

Other Protections Here are described some provisions which give warning before the actual fault takes place. These (first two) are patented by author of this article who can be contacted at trafowork@trafotech.net a. Winding dis-location monitors : All external faults may not create electrical failure but invisible damage in the form of mechanical dis-location of windings may take place, as windings suffer the impact of a fault. The technology allows to actuate an alarm when dis-location of windings is abnormal. So, a planned outage of transformer can be done to attend the probable future defect. The camera provided on tank allows the user to view inside position of windings and allows to take a wise

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decision like reducing the load or outage from service. b. Protection against moisture : It is un-wise, rather stupidity, to keep transformers exposed to open atmosphere only depending on in-efficient silica-gel breathers; and first allow the moisture to enter the transformer and then try to reverse the condition using in-appropriate methods. The life of liquid insulation can be reversed by filtration or reclamation; but life of solid insulation is not reversible. It is a permanent damage and can be prevented. We have special kind of sealed breathing systems, which do not use conventional air-cells (which are very inferior) and the system keeps the transformers totally isolated from moisture in atmosphere. There are two different type of systems for power and distribution transformers. Interested parties may contact trafowork@trafotech.net c. Oil purifiers : These are provided on transformers to remove the moisture generated inside the transformer during service. This works without electrical power and permits user not to carry-out conventional oil filtration on transformer for the life of transformer. Conventional oil filtration otherwise also can-not remove moisture from transformer because it is designed to extract moisture from oil whereas solid ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

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insulation can store moisture 300 times more than oil. This is an excellent device which keeps oil values like acidity, water content and resistivity in very fair range. Systems installed 10 years back have well protected the transformers without carrying out conventional oil filtration. d. DGA monitoring : There are plenty of on-line DGA monitoring

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systems available which can do measurements of key gases and predict the health of transformer. e. OLTC : Trafotech has a technology for life extension of OLTCs which permits more number of operations without an overhaul (More than double the number of operations). A special kind of sealed breathing system is installed on OLTCs which permits exit of gas

produced during tap change, and yet keeps the OLTC totally isolated from atmospheric moisture. It is additionally installed with an oil purifier and special oil. In Trafotech transformers, the OCTCs are also placed outside tank. During power failure, the incoming breakers must trip on under-voltage protection, failing which the incoming supply revival voltage can be 25% higher than the original value, causing very high stress on connected equipment. We provide a provision in OLTCs to auto-return back to tap 1 ( or to the tap where maximum winding remains in circuit) u s i n g alternate s u p p l y before the Anurag Malhotra breaker can Director - GEW Trafotech Pvt. Ltd. be closed.

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Guest Article

Analysis of the correct configuration and function of communications networks according to IEC 61850 The international standard IEC 61850 sets the basis for communication between individual devices in substations and between substations themselves. The standard outlines data models used, as well as protocols and signals, which use intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) to exchange information between each other and, more broadly, for the whole engineering process. 68 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || SEPTEMBER 2016

On a Missing Goose Chase The IEC 61850 standard is also having a big impact on protection technology. This focuses on the performance, functionality and interoperability of devices in this field. This includes the correct function and configuration, both of the messages exchanged over the communications network as well as of conventional signals (voltages, currents, hardwired binary status signals). Particularly time-critical information, such as trigger commands for protection devices, is more important and, therefore, requires a faster communication. In IEC 61850 environments, relevant status messages are carried by so-called GOOSE messages, Generic Object Oriented Substation Events, which are issued by IEDs as multi-cast messages. As no recipient is specified, the information is spread over the whole network, allowing every connected IED or testing device to read it. It is always sensible to test the functionality of the whole IEC 61850 system, as illustrated in the two following examples. Of course, if relevant tests are run directly during the startup procedure it results in a much higher level of efficiency. Deviations from regular processes can also be quickly detected at later stages, deviations which could lead to serious problems. This was illustrated by the OMICRON Power Utility Communications (PUC) specialists, working far away in South-West Africa. A regional energy provider invited them to check the IEC 61850 communications configuration and demonstrate the performance of the DANEO 400 test system. The energy provider runs four transformer substations that are equipped with the latest IEC 61850 technology. Here, hundreds of GOOSE messages run through channels, exchanging signals between the IEDs in the four facilities. Redundant fiber optic cables ensure that these 'geese' reliably arrive at their destinations on time. Substation Configuration Language (SCL) and the network To make sure that all GOOSE messages are correctly transmitted, the DANEO measurement system was simply connected via Ethernet cable to a network switch, in order to gain access to the communications network. The port of the switch that DANEO was connected to was then configured so that it was in the VLAN along with the GOOSE messages, ensuring that all GOOSE packets are then transmitted to DANEO. This enabled the DANEO to analyze the network traffic in real time and verify each GOOSE message transmitted by the process bus immediately using the configuration in the Substation Configuration Description (SCD) file. The SCD file is pre-loaded into the DANEO control software for this purpose. The SCD describes the whole substation using SCL. This could be done in a matter of a few seconds for all GOOSE messages on the network. The system verification check, displayed immediately, makes two data traffic problems visible. One of the 104 GOOSE messages was tagged with a yellow warning (Figure 1), indicating that the GOOSE did not match

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Figure 1 : Cross-checking the GOOSE message in the network against the SCD with the DANEO 400, to quickly show inconsistencies. the configuration. Depending on the switch configuration, this can result in that GOOSE not being received in another location, which may prevent a circuit breaker from activating when a protection trip is triggered. In addition to this, the analysis showed that 40 of the SCD specified GOOSE messages did not even transmit in the network. Ultimately, this was the result of messages that were no longer necessary in operation, even though they had been required when the facility was commissioned. To ensure protection, they were removed from the SCD. After this first communications check, the sent IEC 61850 reports were next in line. IEDSc out was used to test whether they matched the facility's configuration data. This is an analysis tool that looks inside IEDs and their communication, which helps protection technicians operate the system and check it for errors. While running the test procedure, IEDScout indicated an inconsistency and highlighted a data value yellow, the value of which changed after short intervals. This value then triggered the alarm of a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU). This RTU probably triggered the alarm as it was unable to make a connection to another device. The energy provider's technicians, who inspected immediately, found the cause quickly: a defective optical network cable,

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which they replaced immediately. Distributed measurements for message runtimes After using just one DANEO 400 in just one substation to make the first measurements, the next step came in testing the facility: the distributed measurement between substations with multiple measurement systems. Therefore a static IP address was assigned to each device enabling the DANEO control software to communicate with all of the DANEO 400 units. An OTMC 100 was then set up on the roof of the first substation building to synchronize the device times exactly. This device has a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) grandmaster clock with an integrated antenna, enabling all the connected measurement systems to synchronize precisely within 100 nanoseconds via GPS and PTP. An ISIO 200 was then also connected to the binary contacts

of a RTU, which should then transform the electrical signal of the remotely operated RTU contacts into a GOOSE message (Figure 2). This enabled the use of test GOOSE signals without disturbing the facility's operations. Each of these prepared measurement systems continued to run while the following day another DANEO 400 and ISIO 200 were set up, synchronized and run in the second substation. This ISIO 200 then received the manually and remotely generated GOOSE message, which it transformed into an electrical signal again. The DANEO devices used in the test then recorded the electrical and GOOSE signals for the final analysis stage. The aim was to measure the time it took for the test GOOSE signal to be sent by the ISIO 200 in the first substation and received in the second substation, equating to a distance of around 18km. A list of interesting correlations could be

Figure 3 : Here, the result displayed by the DANEO control GUI shows the time points for the status change of the signals in both substations.

Figure 2 : The DANEO 400 and the ISIO 200 can easily be connected to the communications network of substations in just a few steps.

drawn from this measurement about the DANEO control Graphical User Interface (GUI), or web interface, (Figure 3). The two signals above are from substation 1 and the two signals below are from substation 2. You can see the binary contacts exchange of the RTU in the binary trace above (stimulus). Below you can see the GOOSE status change triggered in substation 1. In the third binary trace you can see the time at which the GOOSE message arrived in substation 2. Finally, the relay contact exchange, which is the response to the GOOSE message, comes in markedly later than the GOOSE message in substation 2. You can clearly see that the delay time for the transmission between the two facilities amounted to just 149 Âľs. However, this is just a

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Guest Article

single measurement result. Though the value may be standard for normal operation, it does not serve as an indication of what the value would be in a worst case scenario. Worst case scenario simulation What really interests us, is of course the result in a worst case scenario. To simulate such a scenario, a propagation delay analysis was carried out with the DANEO 400. The basis for such a test consists of hundreds of automatically collated measurements, whose results are finally displayed in a histogram. To make the simulation mimic a serious situation even more closely, the energy provider's technicians even dared to open one of the two redundant network connections (using Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) between the facilities. This resulted in the network packets having to take a detour through all four substations before arriving at their respective destinations. The distance required for this amounted to around 75 kilometers. The result of these measurements showed an average delay of around 476 µs with a total of 556 packets. The maximum value was 658 µs, whereas the minimal value was 471 µs, the latter being most common in the measurement results (Figure 4). This measurement proved to the protection technicians that the

vital messages in time. On a missing GOOSE chase The PUC specialists were confronted with a totally different task when they were asked to revise a protection scheme in England. The IEC 61850 network traffic needed to be analyzed as with the previous case. The system consisted of three substations, connected via fiber optic cable. Communication was made via various Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) as well as Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRPs) in accordance with IEC 62439-3. The three facilities were connected together with a DANEO 400 set up in the first and third facilities. These were then used in parallel for protection testing. For the purposes of the test, the three substations were then totally

Figure 5 : The network utilization analysis performed with the DANEO 400 shows the number of packets sent per second as well as the data volume before and during the error.

Figure 4 : The results of the Propagation Delay Analysis (PDA) run with the DANEO 400 as a worst case scenario were then displayed as a histogram, which shows the delay times for the redundant path. delay times are more than sufficient for safe operation. The delay times are mostly caused by the intermediary network switches. The result is that the network is fast enough, even in the worst case scenario, to transmit

then calculated the cycle times of the new protection scheme, with a view to check the system integrity and the performance capacity of the network. Using the three available network interfaces of the DANEO 400 devices, it was possible to monitor both networks A and B (the two redundant PRP networks) in parallel. Again, both measuring systems were synchronized exactly to under 100 nanoseconds using an OTMC 100, GPS and PTP, ensuring the most accurate data evaluation possible. At the start of the system test, the GOOSE messages in the network and the data in the SCD file were cross-checked. Due to the fact that the complete infrastructure was not available for the test, the differences between the messages

disconnected from this segment of the power grid for five consecutive nights, in order to test - among other things - the time response, the reliability and the capacity utilization of the communications connections. They

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and the SCD file were picked up immediately when the results were evaluated. 30 miles in under 200 microseconds These kinds of speeds are achieved using modern, direct fiber optic cables. The results were more than satisfactory, with an average cycle time for the GOOSE signals of 180 µs for the 48 km stretch between facilities, with a network capacity utilization of less than 1% (Figure 5). One thing that is very obvious from the results is that in case of a fault, the number of packets per second rises from 5.44 P/s to 578 P/s - by a factor of 100. The blue cursor indicates the network

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Guest Article

capacity utilization just before the fault and the red cursor indicates the capacity utilization during the fault. The test of the PRP networks offered a similarly positive result. The cycle time difference between networks A and B was less than 1 Âľs. Light always casts a shadow In spite of the excellent results with the communications networks, the measurements with the DANEO 400 picked up a problem that had previously gone unnoticed: the connection between the substations was being interrupted sporadically. This became apparent thanks to missing GOOSE retransmissions (Figure 6) and resulted in a lapsed Time To Live (TTL). The fault was first suspected to have been caused by the IEDs, which was then disproved as the DANEO quickly showed that the GOOSE messages turned on at the switch. The fault was a very important one, given that it could occur at any time of day during active facility operation. Given that all communication between the facilities is transmitted through this connection, the problem could prevent protection measures (for example, the

Figure 6 : The trace above shows the full GOOSE sequence in one substation, while there are two noticeable gaps (blue and red cursors) in the other substation. There are a number of retransmissions missing in the second gap, where there is even a GOOSE timeout (visible in the hatched bar). circuit breaker) from being triggered in serious situations. As a result, the substation operator immediately introduced measures to establish the cause of the problem and resolve it. The missing GOOSE messages were a clear sign that the communications networks generally required more

continuous integrity testing, given that tests during operation do not cover every scenario that can occur. This is especially important to consider, as when components fail or act faulty they can be reconfigured, which can lead to unexpected and unpredictable errors.

Authors

Author Andreas Klien Andreas Klien was born in Austria in 1986. He studied Computer Engineering at the Technical University of Vienna and has been working at OMICRON since 2005. At OMICRON, he is currently managing a development team for products relating to IEC 61850. As a member of the Working Group 10 on the Technical Committee, TC 57, of the IEC, he contributes to the further development of the IEC 61850 standard series. Author Christian Wenk Christian Wenk went to Dornbirn to visit the Higher Technical Institute (HTL) for industrial engineering, which specializes in business computer science. He has been working at OMICRON for the last 5 years, working on embedded software development for quality assurance and automation. Author Jotz Klaus Klaus Jotz studied electrical engineering at the Georg-Simon-Ohm TH in Nuremberg, specializing in electrical energy technology, after which he completed additional training as an energy manager. He has worked in the field of technical marketing for many years as well as working as a specialized journalist and specialist instructor. He has been working at OMICRON since 2014 as a marketing communications engineer. 72 ELECTRICAL MIR ROR || SEPTEMBER 2016

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Guest Profile

Barkha Dattani, Managing Director & CEO of “ BARKHA’s BRAND CLINIC”, a very young & dynamic personality, inherited business acumen having direct lineage with Dattani Group of builders, started her exhibitions when she was just 16 years old. After completion of her MBA from renowned Wigan ‘s Leigh University, London she got herself strategically involved in exhibitions, brand strategy, conceptualization and brand creation from young age. She can boast of vast experience of 14 years in these diverse fields. Her deep knowledge and in-depth experience When you are conversing with a young dynamite there are bound to be some sparks and as a result more revelations get unfolded and are displayed with equal humility. Read about the journey of this happening persona who is waiting for you to come up with a Brand which she can undertake to create a Barkhas Brand Logo. After her successful foray in Barkha’s Exhibits, with her expertise, she founded another company in the name and style of Barkha’s Brand Clinic. (Barkha’s) though specialises in designing corporate identity, brochures, company name suggestion, tagline suggestion etc. Its main strength lies in Logo Designing as Barkha’s makes logos through research, concept and after understanding the science behind Logos and colours for all fields/ diligence. Barkha’s not only focuses on the brand designing but also focuses on understanding the behavioural pattern of the target group. The

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company has even designed Logos for companies like K Raheja, Reliance, DNA infoline, Janmabhoomi, Talwarkars, SOTC, Bright Construction, Chaubey Realties and many more. The company which also specialises in Signature Logo concept has designed logo for one of the famous celebrity Mr. R Madhavan very well known as Maddy. With young age & dynamic personality to her advantage matched with swift thinking, total devotion & a trail of her perfectly executed assignments, her name is already well recognized and accepted in the industry. Mr. Amir Khan, known for perfection in the Film Industry, appreciated logo designed of Ms. Barkha Dattani in media. Even Mr. Santosh Nair (Smmart Training and Consultancy service), a very well known Motivational Guru got his logo

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done through her as well. Barkha Dattani’s milestone in very young age • She has received an award in the ‘Business’ category as “BRAND DIVA” from Feelings Multimedia Magazines. • Received an award as ‘Brand Creator of the Year’ – National Real Very young woman entrepreneur • The director of Barkha's Brand Clinic a leading, well known Logo design company • Only logo design company to have 9 branch offices all over India • Having clients ranging from SOTC, Britannia, R Madhavan, Birla group, Tata group & many more • Recently done logo for Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi, • Barkha Dattani has already got 9 awards by now for Brand & Logo designing, Women Entrepreneur of the year • Young achiever of the year, PRIDE OF INDIA etc • She was recently invited at Forbes As Young Women Entrepreneur • She was also invited at Microsoft as The most elite client for their launch • She was recently invited at launch of her client MERCEDES their new car • She was recently invited at Zoya, TATA Brand as the Brand Ambassador of Zoya • Listed in this years as India's MOST ATTRACTIVE BRANDS OF THE YEAR 2015.

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Technical Article

Flir Spot Thermal Cameras : The Ideal Tool for Preventive Maintenance

Predictive maintenance and RCM programs at industrial facilities make use of a variety of test and measurement tools to inspect mechanical and electrical components and to keep the uptime of equipment as high as possible. As a manufacturer of advanced test & measurement tools, FLIR Systems has been supporting preventive maintenance professionals for many years. With FLIR's spot thermal camera technology, they now have an effective tool to locate problems and ensure that costly downtime and breakdowns are avoided. What's more, test and measurement tools from FLIR have become so affordable and easy to use, that also small businesses and even households turn to the power of spot thermal cameras to locate pending problems and reduce energy costs.

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Although spot meters have become indispensable for today’s maintenance professional, finding the exact location of a mechanical, electrical or building - related problem might require quite some guesswork. It does not always show up clearly to the naked eye. Another challenge with electrical problems is that they can be dangerous when approached closely. Spot thermal cameras from FLIR overcome these problems very effectively : they bridge the gap between current generation IR thermometers that offer no imaging capability, and FLIR’s thermal cameras. An IR thermometer provides a non-contact temperature reading, while a thermal imaging device shows the relative thermal properties of a subject or targeted area in the context of its surroundings. FLIR spot thermal cameras do both of these things. FLIR calls this Infrared Guided Measurement (IGM). IGM technology allows maintenance professionals to identify the precise location of a problem that is invisible to the naked eye. IGM has been designed to save time and allow people to locate problems from a safe distance. IGM visually guides the user to temperature problems, and allows them to see which spot may require further testing and investigation. Different spot thermal camera models are available. FLIR’s TG-Series consists of the entry-level TG130,

The FLIR TG165 – with 50° field of view - makes it easy to frame an entire scene in a single image. and the more advanced TG165 and the TG167. The difference between the latter two models is their field of view. HOUSEHOLD AND SMALL BUSINESS APPLICATIONS Entry-level spot thermal cameras like the FLIR TG130 can be used for a broad spectrum of household or small business applications. By simply pointing the camera at an object, anyone can identify energy and temperature-related issues within and around a structure. From finding drafts, detecting heat loss around doors and windows, or locating areas of missing insulation, spot thermal cameras pinpoint problems and help users increase energy efficiency. Other very useful applications include checking ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

POWERFUL THERMAL IMAGING RIGHT IN YOUR POCKET

FLIR C2 UNCOVERS HIDDEN ELECTRICAL & BUILDING PROBLEMS SO YOU DON’T MISS A THING.

The C2 is the world’s first full-featured, compact thermal camera you can always keep on you, ready to find troublesome heat patterns. See what C2 can show you at www.flir.in/c2 ELECTRICAL HOTSPOT

OVERLOADED DIMMER

OVERHEATED PANEL

RADIENT FLOOR HEAT

For more details call us on : +91-11-4560 3555 or write to us at flirindia@flir.com.hk FLIR Systems India Pvt. Ltd. 1111, D Mall, Netaji Subhash Place, Pitampura, New Delhi – 110034 Fax: +91-11-4721 2006 | Website: www.flir.in

For more information, please contact us at:

FLIR Systems India Pvt. Ltd.

1111, D Mall, Netaji Subhash Place, Pitampura, New Delhi – 110034 Tel: +91-11-4560 3555 Fax: +91-11-4721 2006 E mail: flirindia@flir.com.hk

Website: www.extech.com

extech & c2 25x36.5 without pouch.indd 1

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Technical Article

Preventive maintenance The FLIR TG167 – with 25° field of view – gives you quality image detail on even small connectors and wires. HVAC performance and functionality, trouble shooting problems affecting performance of home appliances, checking refrigerator settings, and locating pipes in walls, so you can avoid hammering nails into water pipes when hanging décor or a flat screen TV. BUILDING AND GENERAL ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS More advanced spot thermal cameras like the FLIR TG165 (50° field of view)

can help you identify heat patterns, reliably measure temperature, and store images and data for reports. With the FLIR TG165’s spot ratio of 24 to 1, you can take accurate readings from safer distances (the temperature of a spot with a size of 1 cm in diameter can be accurately measured at a distance of 24 cm). FLIR spot thermal cameras are simple to operate, featuring intuitive menu icons and dual laser pointers. With its wide 50-degree field of view, the TG165 is very useful for both building and general electrical inspections. The TG165 is also perfect for HVAC, automotive, or spot

checking building maintenance applications, and you can see entire condensers or electric motors all at once, and measure spot temperatures on key areas of concern. INDOOR ELECTRICAL INSPECTIONS Designed for indoor electrical inspection, the TG167 (25° field of view) will help you easily find unseen hot and cold spots in electrical cabinets or switch boxes, giving you quality image detail on even small connectors and wires. Then you can store images and download data to show customers and include in reports.

For more information about thermal imaging cameras or about this application, Please contract : FLIR Systems India Pvt. Ltd. 1111, D Mall, Netaji Subhash Place, Pitampura New Delhi - 110034 Tel: +91-11-45603555 Fax: +91-11-47212006 E mail : flirindia@flir.com.hk Website : www.flir.com

Warm Pipe in Wall

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Mechanical Overheating

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Product Info

A Generator is Necessary in a Coal-Fired Power Plant to Produce Electricity

A turbine-driven electrical generator contains a stationary stator and spinning rotor. In operation, it generates up to 21,000 amperes at 24,000 volts of three-phase alternating current (approx. 500 MW). The rotor spins in a sealed chamber cooled with hydrogen gas. The system requires special handling during startup, with air in the chamber first displaced by carbon dioxide before filling with hydrogen. This ensures that a highly explosive hydrogen-oxygen environment is not created. In this application, monitoring the speed of the rotor using a two-wire NAMUR sensor is very important to avoid over-speed. A solution for rotor over-speed protection is to use the PR 5715 programmable LED indicator adding local readout and 2 relays for over-speed alarms and sensor error detection. The 4...20 mA output signal from the PR 5715 is connected directly to the control PLC. Application :

PR 5715 programmable LED indicator

Range

of 570

0 serie

Multi-functional Panel Meters are characterized by their flexibility and stability. The panel meters meet nearly every demand for display readout of process signals, and have universal input and supply capabilities. They provide a real-time measurement of your process value no matter the industry, and are engineered to provide a user-friendly, reliable relay of information, even in demanding environment. Application: • Display for digital readout of current / voltage / resistance / temperature or potentio meter signals. • Process control with 2 potential-free relays and / or analog output. • For local readout in extremely wet atmospheres with a specially designed splash-proof cover. For details contact : Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt Ltd., 267, Kilpauk Garden Road, Chennai - 600010 Contact: +91 44 26445626/8983 Email : sales@toshniwal.net, Web : www.toshniwal.net

Infrared Temperature Measurement Solutions For Industry

Handheld Infrared Thermometer

• -32°C TO 535°C Temperature Range • Built-in-laser pointer to improve aim • 12:1 field of view • Adjustable emissivity (ST 642) • Backlit display with Data Hold • °C/ °F switchable • 500 ms response time • Auto-hold and power off

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TPN Multivane Vacuum Pump Toshniwal Multivane vacuum pumps featuring solutions, the result of constant innovation through research and development. Rotary Multivane vacuum pumps are easy to install (no foundations needed), they are turnkey units for full automatic operation, and represent the simplest and most economic system for vacuum plants. The vacuum pump, complying with international and reliable standards, thanks to their safety, environmental protection, low noise level, compactness, high performances, reliability, efficiency and low Life Cycle Cost. The specific design of the Rotary Multivane principles grants excellent performance and leads to the best results in the category of air cooled single-stage rotary vanes vacuum pumps. ||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

AZISINDIA2016_Smart Energy_210x300.qxp_Layout 1 15.03.16 14:53 Seite 1

India's Largest Exhibition and Conference for the Solar Industry Bombay Exhibition Centre, Hall 1, Mumbai Network with over 11,000 potential business contacts from the solar industry Stay up to date with the latest trends and technological developments Boost your brand visibility with an established B2B event

with special exhibitions

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Trust built on performance List Price of KLJ Group ‘s Cable Compounds wef 01.09.2016 PVC Compounds Material

Grade

Application

GP Insulation

KLJ -22

Type A IS 5831

86.75

GP Sheathing

KLJ-05 H

ST-2 IS 5831

71.75

RDSO

KLJ-12B I

RDSO Type A

81.75

RDSO

KLJ-21NDLF

RDSO Type ST-1

71.75

LT XLPE

KLJ XL 01/02 SC

LT XLPE INS

118.5

LT XLPE ABC

KLJ XL 01/02 (ABC)

LT XLPE ABC

120.5

MV XLPE

KLJ XL 11/22 /02

11 /22 KV INSULATION

123.50

MV XLPE

KLJ XL 33 KV/02

333KV INSULATION

129.50

Basic Price ( INR ) Ex Factory

XLPE Compounds

MECO “POWER & HARMONICS ANALYZER – Model PHA-5850 A/B/C/D” Under BEE’s PAT Scheme (Perform, Achieves & Trade) for Eight Industrial Sectors mandated to compulsorily improve their Energy Efficiency by adopting all the available measures including replacement of their old Equipments with New and Energy Efficient Equipments. MECO “POWER & HARMONICS ANALYZER – Model 5850” is a state of art versatile instrument using micro controller technology, Ideal to carry out Vigilance checks, Surveys, Audits and Periodic Visits for checking at Industrial and Consumers end. The measurements can be done on Live loads. Useful to Analysis for 1 & 3 Phase Quality Power System. Large Dot Matrix LCD Display with Backlight of 35 Parameters in screen to monitor

||www.electricalmirror.co.in||

Energy, Active Power, Apparent Power & Reactive Power, Power Factor, Energy, TRU RMS Value, AC Current, and Average & Maximum Demand with Programmable Time Interval & CTR & PTR. Displays Individual Harmonics of Voltage & Current upto the 99th Order, THD with Waveform & Peak value. It Has inbuilt memory of 512K for 17000 records & Optical Isolated RS-232 ~ USB Interface with users friendly Software with facility to retrieve Power Data & Harmonics on Meter Screen at site. Analyser available with Clamp on CT having Multiple Range of 1/10/100A or 10/100/1000A or 300/3000A & 120/1200A (Flexible CTs) as per application.

For details please visit : website www.mecoinst.com

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Aeron Composite Pvt. Ltd. ..................................... 43 CEM Instruments (India) Pvt. Ltd. ........................ 71 Central Power Research Institute ........................ 35 Dhingra Polymers Pvt. Ltd. ..................................... 14 Electrical Building Technology India 2016 ........ 66 Electronica 2016 Expo .............................................. 21 Electrotherm India Ltd. ............................................ 19 Energy Storage India Expo ..................................... 82 EPCOS India Pvt. Ltd. ................................................ 67 Flir Systems India Pvt. Ltd. ................................ 17, 77 Ganges Internationale Pvt. Ltd. ........................... 85 Gew Trafotech Pvt. Ltd. ........................................... 61 Green-Watt Techno Solutions Pvt. Ltd. ..... IFG H. D. Wires Pvt. Ltd. ................................................... 51 HPL Electric & Power Ltd. ....................................... 01 Heatflex Cables Private Limited ........................... 47 India Essen Welding & Cutting ............................. 79 Indian Transformers & Electricals ........................ 25 Inter Solar 2016 Expo ............................................... 81 ISA Advance Instruments (I) Pvt. Ltd. .................. 10 KLJ Polymers & Chemical India ............................. 88 KVTEK Power Systems Pvt. Ltd. ............................. 41

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Laser Technologies ..................................................... 57 M&I Materials India Pvt. Ltd. ................................... 13 Maxwell Scientific Corporation ............................. 87 Meco Meters Private Limited ................................. 15 Middle East Electricity Expo 2017 ........................ 86 Mtekpro Technologies Pvt. Ltd. .......... 63, IBC Next Gen Equipment Pvt. Ltd. ................... IFC Omicron Energy Solution P. Ltd. .......................... 11 Precision Wires India Limited ................................ 49 Ramelex Pvt. Ltd. ....................................................... 53 Scope T & M Pvt. Ltd. ................................................ 03 Slimlites Electricals Pvt. Ltd. .................................. 29 Sonel Instruments India Pvt. Ltd. ................ BC Subodhan Engineers (Pune) Pvt. Ltd. ................ 65 Supreme & Co. Pvt. Ltd. ........................................... 37 Switch Global Expo 2016 ................. FC, 44, 45 Synthesis Winding Technologies Pvt. Ltd. ........ 73 Vashi Electricals Pvt. Ltd. ......................................... 23 Voltage Trade Show .................................................. 75 Wheel Polymers Pvt. Ltd. ......................................... 09 Wire & Cable India 2016 ........................................... 64

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EVENT DIARY Month/Date : 15th to 18th, September 2016 Location : Codissia Trade Fair Complex, Coimbatore Web : www.elektrotec.codissia.com/ About Event Elektrotec 2016 is one of the largest electrical and industrial electronics sector trade events in India. The show registers high overall visitor figures and facilitates smooth exchange of relevant business information among the participants.

Month/Date : 06 - 10 October 2016 Location : Vadodara, India Web : www.switchglobalexpo.com/ About Event Switch represents this ambitious and powerful spirit of India. One of the largest electrical expos in the country, Switch is to be held from October 6 to 10, 2016, in Vadodara. It represents one of the biggest networks of electrical manufacturers, innovators, technologies and partners in the industry.

Month/Date : 25 to 27th, Nov. 2016 Location : Mahatma Mandir, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India Web : www.voltagetradeshow.com About Event Rapid change in requirements of energy and the unseen transformation in the generation of energy leads us to organize a very comprehensive and industry focused Trade Show-“VOLTAGE”. Voltage is going to be a unique event in Gujarat that will provide the opportunity to interact with over 100+ leading exhibiting companies from India and form across the globe.

Month/Date : 14 - 16 February 2017 Location : DUBAI WORLD TRADE CENTRE, UAE Web : www.middleeastelectricity.com About Event Dubai is the region’s commercial and tourism centre and connected to all international markets. Dubai is also the regional trading hub and gateway to the rest of the Middle East. Dubai’s diversity means that visitors can enjoy a whole range of different experiences. From the beautiful undulating desert sands to the bustling downtown areas, from the tranquil sea and pristine beaches to parks and gardens, Dubai is a city of adventure, contrast, discovery and surprise.

Month/Date : 05th to 07th, October 2016 Location : B. E. C., Mumbai Web : www.wire-india.com/ About Event WIRE & CABLE INDIA, Tube India International and Metallurgy India 2014 confirm leading function of trade fair trio in India. Here you’ll find all the information you need in preparation of your visit to WIRE & CABLE INDIA 2016 - 6th International Exhibition for the Wire and Cable Industry.

Month/Date : 05th to 07th, October 2016 Location : Pragati Maidan, New Delhi Web : electrical-building-technology-india.in.messefrankfurt. com/newdelhi/en/exhibitors/welcome.html About Event Enthused by the concept of Light + Build Frankfurt, Messe Frankfurt India is all set to launch its foremost exhibition. The increasing proliferation in the home and building automation sector across India has led to an immense growth opportunity in this sector.

Month/Date : 19th to 21th Oct. 2016 Location : B.E.C, Mumbai About Event The event’s exhibition and conference both focus on the areas of photovoltaics, PV production technologies, energy storage systems and solar thermal technologies. Since being founded, Intersolar has become the most important industry platform for manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, service providers and partners of the solar industry.

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RNI Regd. No. DELENG/2011/39089 . Postal Regd. No. DL(E)-20/5393/2015-17. Posted at Krishna Nagar P. O. Delhi - 110051 on 14th/ 15th of every month. English . Monthly . Date of Publication 5th of Every Month.

Sonal