Electrical Mirror February 2018 Part (B) Issue by Icon Media Group

EDITOR’S DESK Dear Reader!

Editor

Alka Puri Sub Editor Ambika Gagar Associate Editor N.P.K. Reddy Editorial Advisor Priyanka Roy Chaudhary Design & Production Sr. Designer - Mukesh Kumar Sah National Business Head-India Subhash Chandra Email: s.chandra@electricalmirror.net Manager West & South India Pradeep Kumar Email: pradeep.k@electricalmirror.net Sales & Marketing Neha Rajesh Kumar Hemant Chauhan Ms. Manju Manager-Subscription Praveen Chauhan Email: subscribe@electricalmirror.net Call: 011-6510 4350/ 011-2275 8660

The part B of this issue considering the main aspects of the growing industries in electrical sector, such as electric transportation, challenges which come to build smart cities and how to get rectified with such hurdles etc. The government says yes we want innovation and modern ideas but without harming the environment, these are some issues which we can see in the planning of our government. This year budget mainly focused on the different scenario of the power sector that includes ‘power to all’ which is carry forward plan among the 2017 plans. The main aim to get electrified all the villages and home of India in 2018; is primary agenda of the FM budget. Power sector in India is going through the digitalization mode, many companies shows their innovative products in digitalization technology which is the boost to the power sector. Railways is the another sector which is in demand for power sector, means more power to generate, more distribution transmission tower allotted, governments have such ideas to meet the desire need in electrical sector for the year 2018-19. What the Elecrama 18 is all about no need to clarify further, as we already elaborate this in our part A issue of the same magazine. Once you enjoy the readership of both the issue do give us a short feedback for this. Thank you for your support and happy Elecrama 2018.

For more details check out our website: www.electricalmirror.net and you can also visit our facebook page www.facebook.in/electricalmirror.

Editor All rights reserved by all events are made to ensure that the information published is correct; Electrical Mirror holds no responsibility any unlikely errors that might occur. Printed, published and owned by Usha, Published from 13/455, Block No. 13, Trilok Puri, Delhi-110091 and printed at Bright Tree, C-40, Gate No.-4, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020. e-mail: brighttreesolutions@gmail.com Editor : Alka Puri

Contents 24 36

INTERVIEW

46 Rohan Mehta Director Prime Group of Companies

INTERVIEW

P. D SHARMA Chairman

P. RAGHAV Executive Director

INTERVIEW

Accord Electro Power Pvt. Ltd.

INTERVIEW

Natarajan Balakrishnan Managing Director EPCOS India Pvt. Ltd.

Harpreet Singh CEO Compaq International (P) Ltd.

Cover Story Amorphous Core Offers Lower Losses for Distribution Transformers

Focus: Power Transmission Power Transmission Tower Types, Designs and Accessories

Focus: Integrate Renewable Pathways to Integrate Renewable Energy targets into Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Electricity Grid

Focus: Smart Cities Urbanization Problems and Challenges in Setting Up Smart Cities

Focus: Home Automation Global Home Automation Market: An Overview

Focus: UPS System Technical Advancements, Challenges, Future of Indian UPS System and Inverter Market

Focus: Smart Grid From Traditional to Future Grid and Transforming Electricity Distribution in India

Focus: Modular Switches A Brief Review on Top Brands of Modular Switches in India

Technical Article

Guest Article Supreme & Company Hemkunt Electronics

Pankaj Gaikwad International Business Head The Motwane MFG. Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Product Info 92 93

Advertisement Index

Gandhi Automations 94 Kusam-Meco 96 Eaton 97

ews of the Month

Actis Set to Buy Bhoruka's Renewable Energy Assets

Global private equity fund Actis LLP is poised to acquire renewable energy assets of Karnataka-based Bhoruka Group, a person familiar with the negotiations said. The deal will be based on enterprise value of about Rs 2,700 crore, the person told. “The deal is close to being sealed. Due diligence is currently being carried out,” the person said. Bhoruka Group, which also has interests in real estate, coal mining, gas and steel, is selling its entire renewable energy portfolio of 321 MW under its subsidiary Bhoruka Power Corp Ltd to Actis, continuing the wave of consolidation in the solar and wind energy domain, which has seen rapid capacity addition with thin margins in recent years.

Yes Securities, a subsidiary of Yes Bank, is the sole investment manager for the deal. Actis declined to comment on the matter. S. Chandrasekhar, managing director at Bhoruka Power, too, declined to comment on “unconfirmed reports”. Founded in 1986, Bhoruka Power started by setting up small hydro plants, but has since branched into wind and solar energy. It has 15 small hydro projects with total capacity of around 121 MW, six wind projects with capacity of around 170 MW, and two solar projects totalling 30 MW. Barring one small wind project in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, and a hydro project in Yamunanagar, Haryana, all its projects are in Karnataka. Bhoruka Group has been looking for a buyer for Bhoruka Power for nearly a year. L&T Infrastructure Finance has an equity stake of around Rs 350 crore in the company. London-headquartered Actis, which invests in energy markets across Latin America, Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia, already has substantial investments in

India’s renewable energy sector. Its renewable energy platform in India, Ostro Energy, has a commissioned wind portfolio of 648 MW and is building another 460 MW of wind and solar projects across Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Gujarat. Two years ago, a separate Actis fund also put $450 million into Sprng Energy, which along with its Mauritius-based holding company Solenergi, has already bagged two projects in India – a 250 MW solar project in Rewa, Madhya Pradesh at an auction held in February 2017 and a 197.5 MW wind project in Gujarat at the auction held in December 2017. Other recent acquisitions in the renewable energy space include ReNew Power’s buyout of the wind assets of KC Thapar Group for around Rs 1,000 crore in November last year; Hero Group’s takeover of the wind portfolio of LNJ Bhilwara Group for an undisclosed sum in October; and IDFC Alternatives-backed Vector Green Energy’s purchase of 190 MW solar assets from US-based First Solar for an undisclosed amount in July. The biggest deals in the business remain Tata Power’s buyout of Welspun Energy’s renewable portfolio of 1140 MW for Rs 9,249 crore in June 2016 and Greenko Energies’ takeover of the Indian assets of around 500 MW of US-based SunEdison for $392 million, or about Rs 2,500 crore, in October 2016.

Lithion Power to Invest $1 Billion to Create Battery Swap Ecosystem

Lithion Power, a Delhi-based company that offers battery as a service for electric vehicles, plans to invest around $1billion along with its partners to create an ecosystem for e-vehicle drivers to swap batteries on daily lease or rental. “This is an emerging market based model that we have created, and we are targeting shared mobility, february 2018

which has high asset utilisation, with our product,” Piyush Gupta, director at Lithion Power. He said the company and its partners will cumulatively invest around $1 billion, or about Rs 6,410 crore, over the next 2-3 years. Lithion Power looks to emerge as a leader in the segment that has not quite been explored in the Indian market. Currently, the company operates around five swapping stations — where users can swap their close-todischarge batteries for a fully-charged one — in the national capital region (NCR), and it’s strictly focused on public transportation electric vehicles, lastmile electric three wheelers, erickshaws, and two-wheelers. “Battery swap for electric cars will take time, as we need to work with OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) to understand the specifications of

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

their car, and make a battery accordingly,” Gupta said. Lithion Power expects India to have more than one million e-vehicle batteries working on swapping model in the next three years, and it’s working with a number of national and international intermediaries to create a large battery bank available to its customers. Manish Chhajed, financial advisor to Lithion Power, said the model suited for India is different from that for the US or China as here it will be driven by shared mobility and not high-end cars like Tesla. Adaily charge costs between Rs 75-300, depending on the battery backup a consumer wants. One battery runs an average 70-100 km. Gupta expects the battery swapping market will mature in about three years. He said that by 2019, a consumer in Delhi-NCR will not be more than 2 km away from a Lithion swap station. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

ews of the Month

Positive Impact of Budget 2018 for Power Sector to Boost Demand

The Union Budget for 2018-19 is likely to have an overall positive impact on the power sector with the thrust towards expanding electricity access through flagship schemes is seen boosting demand and a proposed mechanism for uptake of solar power likely to spur capacity creation. However, the uncertainty over imposition of duties import duty, safeguard duty and anti-dumping duty on solar -- including timelines and their quantum continues for the solar energy sector. The industry was expecting the budget to provide clarity on the issue.

The budget allocates Rs 3,800 crore for Deendayal Upadhayaya Gram Jyoti Yojna (DUGJY) and Rs 4,900 crores for Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS). The government has also allocated Rs 16,000 crore for the Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) to enable last mile connectivity for rural households. "The thrust towards ensuring electricity access to all rural households under Saubhagya & DUGJY schemes is likely to provide a boost in energy demand to some extent, apart from improving the quality of life for rural households. Further, the mechanism proposed to buy surplus solar energy from solar pumps by distribution utilities as well as push for deployment of solar energy under smart city programme would facilitate solar capacity addition, given the improved tariff competitiveness of solar energy," said Sabyasachi Majumdar, Senior Vice President at ratings agency ICRA.

The budget has proposed a mechanism to buy surplus solar energy from solar pumps by the discoms at reasonable price. The government has also allocated Rs 4,200 crore for capacity addition in wind power, solar power and green energy corridor project. In other key proposals seen impacting the power sector, the budget has proposed measures to facilitate the access to bond market for meeting the 25 per cent of debt needs by large corporates, including those rated in "A" category. It has also reduced the corporate tax rate to 25 per cent for entities with turnover of up to Rs 250 crore "The measures proposed to facilitate the access to bond market by large corporate will allow the entities in power and renewables to diversify funding sources at cost competitive rate, given the highly capital intensive nature of the sector and large funding requirements. Also, the reduction in tax rate to 25 per cent for entities with turnover of Rs 250 crore is positive for renewable IPPs, given that a majority of them have capacities of less than MW and thus revenues within the prescribed limit," Majumdar said. This year's budget has also increased the capital expenditure by Indian Railways particularly for electrification and augmentation of the line network - a move that is likely to create additional power demand.

Sterlite Power to Invest $10 bn in Transmission Lines in Four Years

Sterlite Power, which last bought out its overseas PE investor from the transmission arm, looks to invest about USD 10 billion over the next three-four years to expand business in both domestic and overseas markets. The company had acquired the 28.4 per cent stake that Standard Chartered Private Equity (SCPE) held in its transmission business for Rs 1,010 crore, thus owning 100 per cent stake. The SCPE exited the company with over 100 per cent premium on its Rs 500 crore investment in made 2014. "There is immense scope in the transmission business, february 2018

especially after government opened up the sector to private players. "Besides, there is huge opportunity in the international market and we expect to have projects worth USD 10 billion under management over the next three-four years," Sterlite Power Group chief executive Pratik Agarwal told PTI over the weekend. The company currently has a portfolio of 15 projects, both completed and under-construction, across India (13 in total) and Brazil worth USD 4 billion. "Based on the entire thrust in the power sector with the focus on generation especially from the renewables

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

on one side, and on the other the consumption push through the Uday scheme and 24x7 power supply, along with electric vehicles push, we expect nearly Rs 3 trillion will be spent on creating transmission network over the next five years," he said. Apart from the domestic market, Latin America, the US and Britain also have enormous potential. "With already have USD 1 billion worth of investment in Brazil and hope to gain a significant share in the other markets as well," Agarwal said. Asked whether they are also planning to acquire transmission assets, he said, "IndiGrid (its InvIT offering), will look at increasing the portfolio both by acquiring projects from Sterlite Power and also from third party developers." He said currently there are two projects in InvIT and three more of the parent company will be soon transferred to them

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ews of the Month

Power Minister RK Singh Wants States to Cut Discom Losses

Union power and renewable energy minister RK Singh has asked all states to bid out loss making areas of electricity distribution companies to frachisees. The minister has sent letters to power ministers of states seeking immediate actions to cut down on financial

losses of distribution companies. The minister has suggested that all feeders, transformers and consumers be metered and asked the state governments to do away with human interface in metering, billing and collection of electricity dues through implementation of smart prepaid meters. While large consumers can be billed on postpaid basis, their meters should be made remotely readable, he said. Singh has also said that the national tariff policy is proposed to be amended to cap the amount of technical losses that can be passed onto power consumers to 15% from January 1, 2019. "There is no justification for the consumers to be asked to bear the cost of inefficiency and theft. The technical losses generally vary from 2.5% to 6.5%. There is no reason for any losses beyond that," he said.

The minister has also asked the states to ensure that cross subsidy of more than 20% is not charged from industrial consumers and introduce differential tariffs for power consumption during peak and non-peak hours. The minister has already indicated that from April next year, wilful load shedding is proposed to be penalised. Tying up adequate power purchase agreements and honouring them was necessary to revive investments in the sector, the minister said. "Before any distribution company is given a licence for a particular area, it should be able to show to the regulator that it has tied up sources of supply to meet 100% of annual average demand," the letter said. "We are proposing to provide for this in the amendments which we propose to the Electricity Act," it said.

Indo-American Agreement for Setting Up Six Nuclear Reactors in Andhra Pradesh US nuclear major Westinghouse, overcoming troubles over bankruptcy and buoyed by takeover by a Canadian consortium, will hold talks this week with the Indian government. It hopes to finally implement an Indo-American agreement for setting up six nuclear reactors in Andhra Pradesh. Westinghouse will limit its role to supply of reactor technology, allowing construction to be undertaken by appropriate Indian firm. It will debrief India on its current position and discuss loans from US Exim Bank and procurement of components from Japan

and South Korea, it has been learnt. When Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Washington last year, it was decided that Westinghouse which was proposed to set up six nuclear reactors in Andhra Pradesh, will supply technology while construction will be undertaken by a relevant Indian partner. The proposal to set up six nuclear reactors in Andhra Pradesh by US nuclear major Westinghouse figured in the Joint Statement after the Modi-Donald Trump summit last June.

Westinghouse was caught in a bankruptcy quagmire and there is no functional reference atomic plant -- a pre-requisite to obtain permission from the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), the nuclear watchdog. According to the initial plan, the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) and Westinghouse were scheduled to conclude a techno-commercial pact for the proposed plant in June last year but the US company's financial troubles had slowed down the progress.

Budget 2018 Outlay use on Solar Pumps, Plants: Power Minister RK Singh The government will implement a Rs 1,40,000-crore scheme announced in the Budget to use solar energy for pumps and encourage use of barren land for setting up decentralised solar power plants, power and renewable energy minister R K Singh said. The government will spend Rs 48,000 crore over next five years for the Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (Kusum) scheme, Singh told reporters here. The scheme will be sent to Cabinet for approval. 14

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

The scheme would provide additional income to farmers, by giving them option to sell additional power to the grid, through solar power projects set up on their barren lands, he said. The scheme will have four components including setting up 10,000-mw solar plants on barren lands and incentivising discoms to buy the produced electricity, distributing 17.5 lakh solar pumps, solarising existing pumps of 7250-mw and government tube wells of 8250-mw capacity.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ews of the Month

IOC Planning to Invest Rs 70,000 Crore in Refining Capacity

Indian Oil Corp will invest Rs 70,000 crore to raise its oil refining capacity by about a quarter by 2030 as it takes the lead to meet rising energy needs of the country. IOC will expand its refining capacity to 116.55 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) by 2030 from the current 80.7 MTPA with an investment of about Rs 70,000 crore, a top company official said. India's current refining capacity of 247.6 MTPA exceeds consumption but with demand growing at a

compounded annual growth rate of 3.5-4 per cent, it will need to add more capacity to meet the rising fuel needs. While the Energy Information Agency of US projects India's demand to reach 434 MT by 2040 from 194 MT currently, IEA puts the number between 450 and 492 MT. The oil ministry estimates fuel demand to rise to 335 MT by 2030 and has planned to raise the country's refining capacity to 415 MTPA by 2020 from the current 247.6 MTPA. In 2040, the refining capacity is projected to rise to 439 MTPA. The official said the investment planned by IOC also includes in upgradation of major units at existing refineries to help produce cleaner Euro-VI or BS-VI grade petrol and diesel by April 2020. Besides, IOC plans to raise capacity of its Panipat refinery in Haryana to 25 MTPA from current 15 MTPA while Koyali refinery in Gujarat would be expanded to 18 MTPA from 13.7 MTPA.

The recently-commissioned 15-MTPA Paradip refinery in Odisha will see a capacity addition of 5 MT while 3 MT will be added in IOC's Barauni refinery in Bihar, he said. A 1.2-MTPA capacity addition is planned for Uttar Pradesh's Mathura refinery to take its capacity to 9.2 MTPA. The official said IOC is also looking at adding a 9 MTPA refinery at its subsidiary Chennai Petroleum (CPCL). Other state refiners too have planned capacity addition to meet rising demand. Bharat Petroleum Corp (BPCL) is looking to ramp up capacity to 56 MTPA, from 36.5 MTPA currently, by adding 5 MT to its Kochi unit and ramping up capacity of Bina refinery in Madhya Pradesh by 9 MT to 15 MTPA. Also, Numaligarh capacity will go up to 9 MTPA from 3 now. Hindustan Petroleum Corp Ltd (HPCL) also plans to expand its Mumbai refinery to 9.5 MTPA from 7.5 MTPA and that of Vizag unit to 15 MTPA from 8.3 now. It is also setting up a new 9 MTPA unit at Barmer in Rajasthan. The official said IOC, BPCL and HPCL are together looking at putting up a new 60 MPTA refinery on the west coast in Maharahstra.

3 Assets Sells by Sterlite Power to IndiGrid for Rs 1,410 cr

India Grid Trust (IndiGrid), the country's first infrastructure investment trust (InvIT), acquired three transmission assets from its sponsor Sterlite Power Grid Ventures for a consideration of Rs 1,410 crore. The acquisitions include RAPP Transmission Company, Purulia, Kharagpur Transmission Company, and Maheshwaram Transmission, all from Sterlite Power Grid Ventures, a move which has helped increase its assets under management to Rs 5,300 crore. IndiGrid is also looking to acquire more assets to increase its portfolio and internal rate of return. 16

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

"In line with our vision of reaching total assets under management of Rs 30,000 crore, we have successfully completed the first set of the acquisitions," IndiGrid chief executive Pratik Agarwal told reporters. "With these acquisitions our assets under management now increase to Rs 5,300 crore and we will continue to acquire assets from both the sponsor and third-parties to further increase the portfolio and internal rate of return," he added. IndiGrid has also agreed to invest Rs 230 crore into third-party assets owned by Techno Electric & Engineering in Patran Transmission Company. According to Agarwal, these acquisitions are highly accretive and will increase portfolio internal rate of return to 11 per cent at current price. "We are confident of delivering annualized distribution per unit of at least Rs 12 for the next five years," Agarwal said.

"We've demonstrated our ability to pursue third party assets by signing definitive agreements with Techno Electric. The fundamentals of the power transmission sector remain robust and we will continue to acquire more assets," he added. The acquired assets-spread across Rajasthan and MP, Telangana, Bengal and Jharkhand-consist of five transmission lines totalling 1,425 circuit kilometres. Following the acquisition, the InvIT's total portfolio will rise to 13 transmission lines and two sub-stations across eight states. The company is focusing on owning power transmission assets with long term contracts, low operating risks and stable cash flows. It can be noted that Sterlite Power had last month bought out StanChart PE's Rs 500 crore investment in 2014 in its transmission asset for Rs 1,014 crore, thereby increasing its ownership in the latter to 100 per cent.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ews of the Month

Bangladesh-Nepal Bilateral Power Tie up by India

Indian and between Bangladesh and Nepal is going to be the conduit for the two friendly international neighbors to have large scale hydropower trade in between. Bangladesh will have hydropower plants

installed in Nepal and import the output through Indian land soon. Interest of Bangladesh to invest in harnessing untapped hydro potential of Nepal is going to put both the countries into a win win situation. India is playing the positive role of catalyst in it,” President, Rangpur Chamber of Commerce and Industry (RCCI) Mostofa Sohrab Chowdhury confirm, RCCI is one of the largest Business and trade community platforms of Bangladesh. Following expression of interest from Bangladesh to invest in Nepal’s hydropower sector couple of months back, Nepal submitted a list of seven possible projects. “Our Government is considering

them,” said Chowdhury. With a projected power demand of 34,000 megawatts (MW) by 2030 Bangladesh has present installed capacity of only 13,000 MW. Over 6 crore of its population is still out of national power grid coverage. On the other side, against Nepal’s Economically feasible potential of 43,000 MW hydropower, existing installed capacity is around 1000MW only. Nepal has a set plan to establish 4500 MW fresh generation capacity. These put together make Bangla-Nepal power trade a highly prospective investment sector. Following Bangladesh Government’s investment into it, private enterprises of the country are also likely to come forward giving the bilateral power deal a further boost.

Delay in KG Block Production may be due to Regulatory Changes: ONGC

State-owned oil producer ONGC said it may miss the June 2019 target for starting production from its KG-D5 block due to regulatory policy changes. Oil and Natural Gas Corp (ONGC) is investing USD 5.07 billion in KG-DWN-98/2, which sits next to Reliance Industries flagging KG-D6 block in Bay of Bengal, with the target of bringing out first gas in June next year and oil in March 2020. In a regulatory filing, ONGC said that after its board in March 2016 approved the field development plan (FDP), it began procuring goods and services such as drilling, completion of wells, creation of production and

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

processing facilities and transportation pipelines. "Meanwhile, introduction of various new policies concerning the oil mining sector led to deferment of tendering activities. As of now, the project schedules are being maintained as planned. However, due to very complex nature of the project, there may be possibility that the schedules may get exhausted which will only be known at a later date," it said. The company did not give details of regulatory policy changes. The delay will be for the second time due to government policies. ONGC had in 2014 announced plans to start gas production from 2018 and oil by 2019 but a final investment decision was made contingent upon government approving a remunerative price for the deepsea block as the prevalent rates were uneconomical. But it was not before March 2016 that the government announced a new pricing formula for difficult areas, giving developers a more than double the domestic rate.

Immediately after that ONGC board approved the investment plan for Cluster-II group of discoveries in KG-D5. The 7,294.6 sq km deepsea KG-D5 block has been broadly categorised into Northern Discovery Area (NDA - 3,800.6 sq km) and Southern Discovery Area (SDA - 3,494 sq km). The NDA has 11 oil and gas discoveries while SDA has the nation's only ultra-deepsea gas find of UD-1. These finds have been clubbed in three groups Cluster-1, Cluster-II and Cluster-III. Gas discovery in Cluster-I is to be tied up with finds in neighbouring G-4 block for production but this is not being taken up currently because of a dispute with RIL over migration of gas from ONGC blocks. From Cluster-II a peak oil output of 77,305 barrels per day is envisaged within two years of start of production Gas output is slated to peak to 16.56 million standard cubic meters per day by end-2021. Cluster-2A mainly comprises of oil finds of A2, P1, M3, M1 and G-2-2 in NDA which can produce 77,305 bpd (3.86 million tonnes per annum) and 3.81 mmscmd of gas. Cluster 2B, which is made up of four gas finds -- R1, U3, U1, and A1 in NDA -- envisages a peak output of 12.75 mmscmd of gas. Peak output is likely to last 7 years. Cluster-3 is the UD-1 gas discovery in SDA. UD-1 lies in water depth of 2400-3200 meters and its development would be taken up after an appropriate technology is found.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ews of the Month

India Believes in Growth But Committed To Environment: PM Modi "Respect for nature is part of India's culture. We consider Earth our mother. India believes in growth but is also committed to protect the environment," he said. "We are doing everything that is required of us and we expect that others also join into fulfilment of that commitment based on common but differentiated responsibility and equity," PM Modi said, without taking any names.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi today said India is committed to protecting the environment and is doing everything required for it but expects others to also fulfil their commitments. While the world was discussing the "inconvenient truth", India took actionable change, the prime minister said while addressing delegates at the World Sustainable Development Summit in New Delhi.

Invoking Mahatma Gandhi, PM Modi said all resources and wealth belong to nature and the almighty and "we are just the trustees or managers of this wealth". Mahatma Gandhi, too, advocated this trusteeship philosophy, he added. Stressing the need for making the planet safer, the prime minister said, "We are proud of our long history and tradition of harmonious existence between man and nature."

Railways to Issue Tenders for Solar Projects on Its Unused Land

The Indian Railways will call tenders to award contracts to set up 3,000 mw of solar power projects on its unused land, rail and coal minister Piyush Goyal said. State-run lignite miner and power producer NLC India will also bid aggressively for the contracts, the minister said while addressing the media. NLC entered the renewable energy sector with the commissioning of a 140 mw solar photo voltaic power plant at NeyveliBSE -1.25 % and another 51 mw wind energy plant, also in Tamil Nadu. "In renewable energy, they already have about 191 mw today. It will become 300 mw by March 2018 and by 2025 it's actually 4,251mw that they are planning. So almost 24% of their 13,700 mw capacity will be renewable energy," the minister said.

profit at Rs 2,368 crore for the fiscal year ended March 2018. Its turnover grew 30% to Rs 8,672 crore. Its mining capacity increased from 41.6 million tonnes a year as of March 2014 to 61.6 mtpa in January 2018. Goyal said the company last year made its highest ever contribution to national exchequer — Rs 4,965 crore, or two-and-half times the previous year. He urged the West Bengal government to accord approval for the transfer of Damodar Valley Corporation’s Raghunathpur power project to NLC India. "If they (Bengal government) had given us permission two years ago, by now we would have actually started the Raghunathpur plant and it would have started serving the people of India," he said.

NLC India posted a 96% increase in net 20

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

The prime minister also raised concerns about the issue of water availability and asserted his commitment to ensure that no farm goes without water. "We are working to electrify every household of the country. With growing urbanisation, our transport needs are growing too, we are expanding the metro system as well," he said. The theme of this year's summit is Partnerships for a Resilient Planet. Over 2,000 delegates are participating in the summit, which seeks to create action frameworks to resolve some of the most urgent challenges facing developing economies in the backdrop of climate change. Eminent international speakers will address a variety of issues, including reducing impact on land, air and water, as well as look at ways and means to utilise energy and resources in a more efficient manner in the plenary sessions.

Together Solar and Batteries is Beating Natural Gas

Natural gas is getting edged out of power markets across the U.S. by two energy sources that, are proving to be an unbeatable mix: solar and batteries. In just the latest example, First Solar Inc. won a power contract to supply Arizona’s biggest utility when electricity demand on its system typically peaks, between 3 p.m. and 8 p.m. The panel maker beat out bids from even power plants burning cheap gas by proposing to build a 65-MW solar farm that will, in turn, feed a 50-MW battery system. [MWh rating was not released. It’s a powerful combination for meeting peak demand because of when the sun shines. Here’s how it’ll work: The panels will generate solar power when the sun’s out to charge the batteries. The utility will draw on those batteries as the sun starts to set

and demand starts to rise. NextEra Energy Inc.’s Florida utility similarly installed a battery system that’ll back up a solar farm and boost generation. In California, regulators have called on PG&E Corp. to use batteries or other non-fossil fuel resources instead of supplies from gas-fired plants to meet peak demand. And batteries may be about to get even more competitive. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Chairman Kevin McIntyre said he expects the agency to decide Thursday on a proposed rule that could remove barriers to energy storage participating more in wholesale markets. Arizona Public Service Co. spokeswoman Annie DeGraw said the bid the utility received from First Solar was “very competitive, and it had the added benefit of being clean.”

||www.electricalmirror.net||

HALL NO. H1A

STALL NO. H1AA12A

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

eport

JinkoSolar Leads Technology Dialogue in India, Hosts PV Tech Seminar JinkoSolar Trading Private Limited - a JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd subsidiary ("JinkoSolar" or the "Company"), a global leader in the photovoltaic industry (PV), announced that it successfully held a PV Tech seminar at The Leela Ambience, in Gurugram. The seminar aimed to raise discussions on upcoming module technologies and solar manufacturing excellence for enhanced efficiency and generation. The event opened on a high note with a warm welcome address by JinkoSolar South Asia Managing Director, Donald Leo. This was followed by a keynote speech by Dr. Y.B. Reddy, Deputy General Manager of the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI). As part of his speech, Dr. Reddy stressed the importance of using quality and reputable modules to ensure long-term success of solar projects in India market. Following Dr. Y.B. Reddy’s speech, attendees listened to a knowledge sharing talk on Anti-dumping and Safeguard duties by ELP, a prominent law firm in India. The piece de resistance of the event was a PV technology presentation by JinkoSolar Technical Department’s Eddy Hu. In his presentation, Mr. Hu discussed the latest technology developments in solar and highlighted the advantages of JinkoSolar’s half-cell technology. He noted that half-cell modules, with a highly competitive price-performance ratio, are highly applicable in both utility-scale and distributed generation projects. Beyond great performance, Half-cell technology has the added benefit of high shade tolerance, making it extremely powerful in distributed generation projects that often are built 22

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

in areas with other structures. Mr. Hu’s presentation was followed a technical panel discussion on the topic ‘Components in an Energy System’, moderated by Mr. Danish Verma, Executive Vice President of Yes Securities. Representatives from Bridge to India (BTI), Adani, Huawei, and JinkoSolar shared their diverse knowledge on the various components in a conventional PV system The Tech seminar concluded with an entertainment evening for clients, followed by cocktail and dinner. Attendees at the event enjoyed both an informative and relaxing day at JinkoSolar’s PV Tech Seminar.

About JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd.

JinkoSolar (NYSE: JKS) is a global leader in the solar industry. JinkoSolar distributes its solar products and sells its solutions and services to a diversified international utility, commercial and residential customer base in China, the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, Chile, South Africa, India, Mexico, Brazil, the United Arab Emirates, Italy, Spain, France, Belgium, and other countries and regions. JinkoSolar has built a vertically integrated solar product value chain, with an integrated annual capacity of 7 GW for silicon ingots and wafers, 4.5 GW for solar cells, and 8 GW for solar modules, as of September 30, 2017. JinkoSolar has over 15,000 employees across its 8 productions facilities globally, 16 oversea subsidiaries in Japan (2), Singapore, India, Turkey, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, United States, Canada, Mexico,

Brazil, Chile, Australia, South Africa and United Arab Emirates, and global sales teams in United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Egypt, Morocco, Ghana, Kenya, Costa Rica, Colombia, Panama and Argentina. To find out more, please see: www.jinkosolar.com

Safe Harbor Statement

This press release contains forward-looking statements. These statements constitute "forwardlooking" statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and as defined in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as "will," "expects," "anticipates," "future," "intends, "plans," "believes," "estimates" and similar statements. Among other things, the quotations from management in this press release and the Company's operations and business outlook, contain forward-looking statements. Such statements involve certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Further information regarding these and other risks is included in JinkoSolar's filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including its annual report on Form 20-F. Except as required by law, the Company does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

Cover Story

ndia Power Transformers Market Forecast & Opportunities, 2018â&#x20AC;? details that the power transformers market revenues in India are expected to grow at the CAGR of 14% till 2018. Under 12th FYP, the govt plans to spend USD 200 bn on developing and strengthening power infrastructure in India. The demand for equipment used in power sector is multiplying at a rapid rate because of social, economic and industrial development. Governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attempt of attaining 100% electrification across the country by 2017 would contribute to the demand for power transformers.

Amorphous Core Offers Lower Losses for Distribution Transformers 24

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

n DT design, main stress is to reduce core losses. To reduce core losses in Distribution Transformer (DT) CRGO steel is preferred by manufacturers. Amorphous material has very less core losses compared to CRGO steel, therefore it is being seen as a good substitute of CRGO steel. Now-a-days some manufacturers are using amorphous material in miniature and medium size transformers in place of CRGO steel. The cost of amorphous core transformer is higher than the cost of CRGO core transformer. Cost of amorphous core DT can be reduced by using a ‘CRGO-Amorphous’ core in place of amorphous core. A comparison is being presented here among ‘CRGO core DT (CCDT)’, ‘amorphous core DT (AMDT)’ and ‘Amorphous-CRGO core DT (AMCCDT)’, in terms of cost and efficiency. Transformers are an indispensable component of an AC electrical system for electricity generation, transmission or distribution. In addition,

||www.electricalmirror.net||

the demand for transformers increases proportionately with the amplification of power generation, transmission or distribution networks in the country. In India, the demand for equipment used in power sector is multiplying at a rapid rate because of social, economic and industrial development. Government’s attempt of attaining 100% electrification across the country by 2017 would contribute to the demand for power transformers. However, power deficit across the country is likely to continue during the next decade. As of now, out of 5160 towns in India, only 35% towns have over 90% households using electricity for lighting purpose. In more than 15% of the towns, the penetration rate of electricity across households is less than 50%. “India Power Transformers Market Forecast & Opportunities, 2018” details that the power transformers market revenues in India are expected to grow at the CAGR of 14% till 2018. Under 12th FYP,

the govt plans to spend USD 200 bn on developing and strengthening power infrastructure in India. Similarly, IEEMA along with government framed a policy to limit the imports of transformers from China & Korea along with changing government polices on import duty for CRGO steel is likely to further promote the domestic transformers industry in India. Indian transformer industry continues to face tough competition from Chinese manufacturers. However, with the continuous support from the government to promote the power transformer industry through investments, tax benefits, subsidies etc. will help the industry to grow over the coming years.

Amorphous core offers lower losses for DTs

Traditionally transformer cores have been constructed of grain orientated steel alloys, but a new material

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

over Story

No-load losses in transformers

which has an amorphous structure is being used increasingly in DTs. The material offers advantages over traditional materials and transformers using the core material are being used in a wide range of applications. DTs constitute the largest group of transformers in any electrical network, and therefore losses in these transformers can constitute the highest losses in the network. DTs carry a load which varies with time during the day and are sized to cater for the maximum load during the day, but often the average load is far below this and the min load can be far below the max. Losses in a DT consist of no-load losses, which are independent of the load, and load dependant losses. A low load factor, or usage profile, means that no-load losses can form a high%age of the total losses in the transformer, and the development of DTs is focused strongly on reducing these no-load losses without compromising the performance of the transformer. Most efficient DTs, which are in service continuously except for maintenance and failure breaks, record a loss of approximately 2 to 4% of the electricity they conduct, and electric utilities and industries are constantly searching for methods and technologies to reduce operating costs and energy losses. Amorphous metal DTs (AMDT) offer the possibility of achieving this goal.

Cost of ownership

Cost of ownership (CoO) is an important factor in networks with many transformers, such as distribution networks. CoO is defined as the total cost of purchasing and operating the unit over its lifetime. CoO comprises both capital and operating costs. Operating costs consist of both maintenance costs and the cost of energy lost in the transformer. The cost of energy losses over the lifetime increases the cost of ownership. Losses consist of no load and load losses so the total cost of ownership may be simply stated as: CoO = PP + NLL+ LL (1) Where PP = Purchase price NLL = Cost of no-load losses over transformer lifetime LL = Cost of load losses over transformer lifetime There are a no. of standard methods for calculating NLL and LL for a particular transformer. AMDTs may have a higher initial purchase price (PP) than traditional cold rolled grain orientated steel (CRGO) transformers, but the reduction in no-load losses can more than compensate for this. Typical properties of alloy magnetic (AM) cores. Operating flux density (T)

Saturation flux density (T)

No load core loss (W/kg)

Service temperature (ÂşC)

Core space factor

1,3 to 1,4

1,56

â&#x2030;¤0,18

150

0,86

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

No-load losses consist of hysteresis and eddy current losses.

Hysteresis loss: Hysteresis is the retention of magnetic domain orientation after the magnetisation force has been removed. This is illustrated by the magnetisation curve. Hysteresis loss is the energy required to reverse the magnetic domain orientation in core materials when the magnetisation is reversed during an alternating current cycle. Core material with a high hysteresis has high losses. The width of the hysteresis loop is related to permeability of the material, and materials with a high permeability exhibit a narrow hysteresis loop. Eddy current loss: Eddy current is a current circulating in the magnetic core of the transformer due to an EMF induced in the core by stray magnetic fields. The value of the eddy current and the resulting losses are dependent on the resistivity of the core material and are also proportional to the square of the thickness of the laminations. Eddy current losses can be reduced by reducing the thickness of the core material layers or laminations.

Losses in amorphous core material

Amorphous core material offers both reduced hysteresis loss & eddy current loss because this material has a random grain and magnetic domain structure which results in high permeability, which ensures a narrow hysteresis curve compared to conventional CRGO material. Eddy current losses are reduced by the high resistivity of the amorphous material, and the thickness of the film. The laminations comprise thin ribbons and the thickness of the sheet is about 1/10th that of CRGO, i.e. approx. 0,025-0,030 mm. Amorphous core transformers offer a 70-80% reduction in no-load losses compared to transformers using CRGO core material.

of the core. Because of the difficulty of producing amorphous strips, there are limited production sizes available (typically 213 mm, 170 mm, and 140 mm). Although conventional electrical steel transformers can be oval or round in cross-section, amorphous cores may be square or rectangular in shape. This is a disadvantage in terms of cost for amorphous core transformer.

History

The commercial production process of an amorphous material consisting of an alloy of iron, nickel, phosphorus and boron was developed in 1976, and was commercialised in the 1980s. Production of the first transformers using amorphous cores started in the 1990s and the no. of units currently in service runs into hundreds of thousands.

Production

The core material is generally formed from an alloy of iron, silicon and boron. The amorphous alloy is a non-crystalline substance created by rapidly cooling the alloy from a high temperature liquid to a solid form. Because there is no regular atomic arrangement, the energy loss (through hysteresis) is small when the flux of magnetic induction passes through the iron core. In addition, eddy current loss is decreased because the thickness is approximately 0,025 mm. Amorphous metal casting process: Molten metal is fed through a small nozzle slot onto a rapidly moving, water cooled substrate, which causes rapid solidification at a cooling rate of approximately 106Â°C/s. The line operates at a speed of 100 km/h. The process is a continuous operation with a multihub, indexing winder. Careful raw materials and melt chemistry control is necessary.

No-load losses for CRGO and AM transformers (Hitachi). Transformer size (kVA)

NLL Amorphous (W)

NLL CRGO (W)

100

288

500

270

888

1000

460

1640

Disadvantages

AM cores have a lower stacking factor than CRGO. As a result of its hardness and thickness, the manufacturing surface of amorphous alloy is uneven, so the associated stacking factor is only 0,85 while the stacking factor silicon steel is 0,95. AM cores have a lower saturation point too: amorphous metal cores saturate at a lower flux density than CRGO, which requires larger coils for the same capacity, typical figures are in the region of T, compared to x t for CRGO. The other significant difference between amorphous core transformers and CRGO transformers is the cross-sectional structure

Production of amorphous material ribbons

Manufacture and assembly

Amorphous core material is supplied in the form of ribbons on reels in a five-ply format with a thickness of 0,115 to0,125 mm. Ribbons come in different widths, e.g. 142 mm, 170 mm and 213 mm. The first stage consists of forming the five-ply ribbon into layers of ribbon. The ribbons are fed to a cutting machine which combines three spools into a lamination of 15 layers of ribbon, with a thickness of approximately 0,375 mm. The stacking factor of 0,85 results in laminations that are slightly thicker. The formed layers are then automatically cut into lengths depending on the shape and the size of the core required. Layers are cut at ||www.electricalmirror.net||

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

over Story

right angles to the length of the ribbon to give a joint angle of 0° and joints are arranged to overlap. The cut layers are stacked in the order of assembly. The core is assembled by lacing the layers together over a special mandrel. The stacked laminations are laced over a rectangular mandrel which forms the inner core dimensions. The core is then slowly built (“laced”) layer by layer to form a rectangular shape which is almost similar to wound core making with conventional steel. This is done by hand. An inner U-shaped bracket or mandrel of CRGO helps to retain the shape of the core. The exterior sheet of the core is protected by a CRGO strip of the exact width of the amorphous core ribbon. This is primarily done to support the flexible amorphous ribbon core structure. After forming the core goes through an annealing process of several hours at an elevated temperature and under a strong DC magnetic field. The purpose of the annealing is to reduce stress in the assembled core and induce magnetic anisotropy along the direction of the ribbon. Annealing improves the permeability of the core. After annealing the core receives a coat of resin on three of the arms, the arm containing the joints being left open.

allow fitting of the coils. Each repeating sequence of gaps constitutes what is often referred to as a single book, pack or chapter. The no. of chapters per core will vary depending on a no. of factors, such as core radial build, gaps per chapters, gap spacing and sheets per step.

Single phase cores: A typical single phase transformer will make use of two wound cores.

Coil mounting

Coil mounting requires the unlacing of the core joints, a process which is performed manually. Even when combined into 15-layer laminations, the material is very flexible and requires very little effort to unlace. The laminations are organised in chapters and fall naturally back into the laced format. Relacing is also performed manually. Three phase cores

Three phase transformers may make use of several configurations, the most common being the five limb shell structure.

Core shapes and structure

The production in ribbon format of fixed width makes the amorphous material suitable for the distributed gap wound core type of structure. The main difference being that in the AM core structure the gaps are placed in the short arm of the core. The word “gap” is used to describe the distributed butt joints, in the joint region where the core may be opened up to 28

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

A variant is the Evans configuration, which consists of an outer core and two inner cores as. Fitting the coils requires unlacing of both the inner and outer cores.

Applications

AMDT are ideally suited for renewable energy applications such as wind farm and solar power, as they typically operate with 20 to 40% low load conditions. On transformers running at variable load factors such as distribution networks and particularly renewable energy plant, the no-load loss (NLL) can form a significant portion of the total losses. The NLL of AMDT transformers makes them very attractive for this type of application, particularly for wind which delivers energy to the grid continuously but has a capacity factor of less than 30%. Solar power units shut down outside of operating hours and are not so affected, but also deliver a variable load, with low output during early morning and late afternoon. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

DTs are used to distribute the electrical power in residential and industrial areas. DTs are energized for twenty four hours with wide variation in load; therefore they are designed to have low no-load losses. Under no-load condition only core losses occur in a transformer and copper losses are negligible; therefore no-load losses are also called core losses for a transformer. Now-a-days CRGO steel is being used in DTs for which allowable limit of flux density is up to 1.55 Tesla for low core losses. If a DT with CRGO core is designed above 1.55 Tesla then certainly the cost of the transformer reduces but performance deteriorates in terms of efficiency. There has been constant search for transformer core materials, which may have the least loss. Iron-BoronSilicon Amorphous alloy has evolved as the low loss material for DTs. Molten metal when cooled to solid state at a very high rate retains a random atomic structure which is non-crystalline. This metal is called amorphous. This resembles with glass and is also referred as `glass metal'. Need to achieve the required cooling rate restrict the thickness of the metal to 0.025 mm i.e., almost 1/10th of the thickness of conventional

||www.electricalmirror.net||

CRGO steel. Due to low saturation limit (1.5 Tesla) in amorphous core, larger core and consequently larger coils and tank size are required as compared to CRGO core transformers. The problem has been overcome to some extent with the development of amorphous metal strips. This is achieved by compacting no. of thin ribbons. This strip is commonly known as `POWER CORE'. Amorphous strips are four times harder than CRGO steel. Hardness along with reduced thickness makes slitting and shearing difficult. The brittleness property of amorphous metal has also made it un-friendly to the transformer manufacturers. Due to these limitations, the amorphous core technology has been limited at present to very few customers in India and abroad. Amorphous metal core has some merits; the noncrystalline structure and random arrangement of atoms gives low field magnetization and high electrical resistivity. Due to low field magnetization, hysteresis loss is low and due to high electrical resistivity eddy current loss is suppressed. As such core losses of amorphous metal alloys get reduced by 42% and magnetizing current by 53%. The most attractive characteristics of amorphous alloy are obviously its extremely low core loss and low magnetizing current. The amorphous metal saturates almost at 1.5 Tesla, whereas CRGO steel saturates at almost 2.03 Tesla. Overall cost of amorphous core transformer is approximately

20 to 30% higher than conventional CRGO core transformers. In past, some efforts have been made to reduce the cost of CRGO core transformer by preferring ‘circular multi-stepped’ cross-section of CRGO core in place of ‘rectangular’ cross-section. For ‘circular multistepped’ cross-section of core, the mean length of winding turn reduces, so mass of copper used in winding reduces; therefore cost of transformer reduces because of reduction in the cost of winding. The manufacturers of amorphous core DTs are very limited in the world because of two reasons, one is its high material cost and another is its brittleness property. Because of limitation of its brittleness property, in amorphous core transformers manufacturers are using square or rectangular crosssection of the core. Over transformer design Amorialis et al., have reported a huge literature survey of 425 papers. Till now no more work has been reported to reduce the cost of amorphous core DT. Here an effort is being made to reduce the cost of amorphous core DT by using a ‘CRGO-Amorphous’ core in place of amorphous core. A comparison is being presented here among ‘CRGO core DT (CCDT)’, ‘amorphous core DT (AMDT)’, and ‘Amorphous- CRGO core DT (AMCCDT)’, in terms of efficiency and cost. The task of a designer is to make a proper compromise between cost and performance.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

INTERVIEW

e have our customers amongst all major segments of the economy and cover virtually all top of the line companies, government and private, and these include organizations like NTPC, Power Grid, NHPC, BHEL, IAAI, BEL, HAL, ISRO, TATA, Reliance, L&T, Railways, Defence, HCL Ltd., CPRI, SAIL, IOC, DRDO among others â&#x20AC;&#x201C; something that we truly value and greatly cherish. 30

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

Rohan Mehta Director

Prime Group of Companies ||www.electricalmirror.net||

to the nation’s economy in these core areas among other sectors. We have addressed some of the most critical requirements of the power sector for the past 32 years since the group was founded by bringing into India, highly cost-effective cutting-edge technologies in collaboration with leading technology providers from across all the world.

PCI Limited – the flagship company of Prime Group – plays an important role in providing hi-tech solutions for vital applications relating to priority sector areas such as power and energy, electronics; IT enabled services, aviation & aerospace, railways, defense and other infrastructure industries including engineering sector, metallurgical industry, petroleum, oil & gas, steel, fertilizers, shipping, space sectors etc. Over the years PCI Limited has acquired the reputation of being a leading force in the field of hi-technology & equipment, systems & machines etc. relating to power generation, transmission & distribution, precision engineering, power generation using solar and wind resources, thermography, cable fault location, online condition monitoring systems, transformers, cables, turnkey projects etc. The Group’s diversified business interests also include manufacturing of engineering components including turbine parts, precision Castings, turn key projects. We have our customers amongst all major segments of the economy and cover virtually all top of the line companies, government and private, and these include organizations like NTPC, Power Grid, NHPC, BHEL, IAAI, BEL, HAL, ISRO, TATA, Reliance, L&T, railways, Defence, HCL Ltd., CPRI, SAIL, IOC, DRDO among others – something that we truly value and greatly cherish.

Kindly brief us about the core areas of the business that you catering into?

Are there specific segments of the Power and Energy sector that PCI Limited Prime Group has been a major player in the power specializes in? And with what product and energy sector, having made notable contribution range?

Your group has shown a tremendous growth in the recent time. Please tell us the vision and mission of the Prime Group?

Prime Group was founded in 1986 by our founder Chairman Mr. Surinder Mehta with a vision to bring the best technologies from all over the world to India which can help us in bringing more efficiency and also help in reducing our cost particularly in the infrastructure sector. In the past 32 years,we feel proud that we have been successful in achieving that vision with which the group was founded and the proudest moment for our group was when our founder Chairman was awarded with Padmashree award in the field of Technology Solutions by the Govt. of India for his outstanding contribution in bringing the best and the latest technologies to our country. We continue to have that same vision but of course over the years we have further diversified our base by setting up new Hi-technology manufacturing facilities with a manpower strength of over 2500 people in the Group all across the country with foreign subsidiary / branch offices in Germany, Hong Kong, Dubai and Russia and we shall further consolidate and expand in the direction.

After seeing your enthusiasm, may we know your diversification plans, if any, in the near future?

Well, at the moment our main focus is consolidation of new manufacturing projects since for the last few years we have been expanding, but at the same time if some interesting opportunities comes to us, which we feel that can be integrated well with our group infrastructure and we feel confident about the line, we will definitely be happy to look into it. Although one product line which we have added to our Group portfolio is Air Compressor, for which we have tied up with Tewatt corporate a U.S-China JV Company. The compressors are being sold under the brand name “PRIME TEWATT”.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

best suited for India; be it in-house manufacturing and conducting hi-tech research in our in-house R&D labs; be it setting and performing up to exacting global quality standards; or be it even in the hiring & training of our human/knowledge resource — we have always addressed issues with an eye on quality and on the future, and on how we could provide value to the entire global technological chain. To us at Prime Group and within each of its companies, quality is a feature we remain cognizant and vigilant about at each stage of the procurement, manufacturing or execution process. The company is ISO certified to ensure highest levels of quality standards. Given the diverse fields of technological specialization and to handle the specialized needs of our customer base, each product division within each Group company is structured as a decentralized module with its own range & scope of deliverables. Such scope calls for the correct identification of a client’s current need as well as his potential need of the technology mapped to his future growth. In fact the recognition and development of a precise long-term solution to an identified client need itself brings out the quality commitment in each of the product divisions. The structuring also calls for deep association with technology majors across the world and working closely with their core technology teams in order to be able to identify, develop & bring into India, solutions that are not only Indiaspecific but are such that they create value for our clients. With such a level of commitment, quality is a natural by-product.

Some believe that India stands at a point where it can make a substantial Q. What are the key benefits PRIME GROUP could offer to its customers? How impact on the global economy, while some doubt the steady sustainability of this has the Group managed to stay ahead growth. How do you see India and the in the markets it caters to for years at role of the Group companies in the power stretch? We are clear in offering our customers real advantages and energy sector? that comes from a vast array of operational parameters: A highly skilled human resource; some of the most advanced R&D facilities; and a state-ofthe-art manufacturing capability. All such and similar technological, infrastructural and skill-related thrusts add to the confidence our customers repose in our product.

In a group as diversified as Prime Group how do you ensure that quality standards are met?

For the past 32 years, the Group’s ideology “Looking Beyond Tomorrow” has formed the very basis of our philosophy & has governed the action of our companies: Be it the identification of technologies

India is one of the fastest growing economies of the world today with huge opportunities for growth in several verticals such as the power sector and other core sectors of the economy related to infrastructure. Traditionally Power and Energy sectors act as catalysts that further augment the growth story. These times are as challenging as they are exciting because of their propensity to throw-up huge opportunities. I see India to continue on a rapid growth through continued thrust in the core sectors of the economy. And I see huge growth for the Group’s companies in the fields of Power Equipment Manufacturing, Power Generation and Distribution, EPC & Turnkey projects, Precision Engineering, Aerospace and Specialized Software Solutions relating to power.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

INTERVIEW

P. D. SHARMA Chairman

Accord Electropower Pvt. Ltd.

e have an over edge compare to our competitors we have adopted new and latest technology and digitally based machinery to manufacture world class transformers.

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

P. RAGHAV Executive Director

Accord Electropower Pvt. Ltd.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Give us brief understanding about the current market scenario of your Products; also elaborate the company from your competitor?

AEP is an established manufacturing company in India, the company have its base in U.P, NCR, Delhi India. and we are growing at pace of more than 3 times within short span of time, today our presence is pan India and we are available almost in all the Discoms of every state in India. In Addition we also showed the reputed make in Wind sector. We are on the path to give boost to Solar Sector by developing special Solar Applications Multiwindings Transformers. We are also in pipeline to go ahead with special dry type transformers for infra sector. With our dedicated team of techno commercials professionals and young Engineers, We are committed to contribute pure and sure power to all power sectors in India and globally.

•

Up to 100 kVA • 100.1 - 315 kVA • 315.1 - 5 MVA With Cooling System Dry type and Liquid Type for the application for Power Utilities, renewable sector and Industrial Transformer has huge potential as per Govt. initiative to provide 24x7 power to each & every citizen of the India under DDUGJY, IPDS, Smart City, Saubhagya Scheme. Our company is contributing share to implanting the scheme of make in India. We have state of art manufacturing plant in Greater Noida & have more than 900 MVA capacity of manufacturing transformer of various rating from 16 KVA to 25 MVA, 33 KV Class. We have an over edge compare to our competitors we have adopted new and latest technology and digitally based machinery to manufacture world class transformers. We are young and growing company and sharing the good market values. We have also focused on some other sectors which have huge market opportunities.

Q. Now day’s government planning to Q. How do you ensure the safety and increase the investment for distribution level quality features of your products? in power sector as their aim to achieve power Quality plays a vital role in satisfying our customers this for all through different projects what is your in return required for long term revenue & profitability. World market always gives much emphasis on quality contribution in this? The India Power & Distribution Transformer market is forecast to reach $2.9 billion by 2022. Government is taking major steps to strengthen the power transmission & distribution network and has undertaken initiatives such as UDAY for financial turnaround of power distribution companies. Further, the Government of India has projected an investment of INR 146,000 crore in power transmission sector by FY 2019 to strengthen the transmission network thus increasing the demand for power transformers. The Western region accounted for the largest revenue share in the country in 2017. However, the major investment in distribution sector is expected in the northern region, followed by the Western region. So we expect huge investment in Northern sector this year. India Power & Distribution Transformer Market Dynamics • Government Initiatives - DDUGJY, IPDS, UDAY • Growing FDI in Power Sector • Replacement of Transformers • Growing Renewable Energy Sector

Markets Covered:

Power Transformer • 5.1 MVA - 50 MVA • 50.1 MVA - 160 MVA • 160.1 MVA - 350 MVA • Above 350 MVA

Distribution Transformer ||www.electricalmirror.net||

products. Keeping that thing in mind, our government has taken various initiatives so that transformer manufacturers are bind to give the quality product in transformer industry also. These include BIS certification, Getting core from approved vendor by PGCIL only etc. After implementing all these measures, there is still a quality issue of Oil leakage which comes approximately in 30% of the transformer manufactured especially in the coastal areas. Due to this leakage there is a shortage of transformer oil in tank which may result in failure of transformer. After doing all the relevant tests on the transformer tank like leakage test, pressure test & vacuum test, leakage problem still persists. The main reason for the leakage is rusting of MS material due to oxidation. To overcome this problem we have introduced Stainless Steel tank & radiator. As we all know that SS material don’t get rusted easily, this will avoid oxidation and leakage problem. Also stainless steel has more tensile strength than conventional MS. The SS tanks will help to increase the overall life of the transformer. One more advantage of using SS tank is it will help in reducing the losses in the transformer. With the reduced losses the transformer will have better efficiency and less heating. With the support of Govt. of India we can introduce this new technology and can bring the revolution in the transformer industry.

Kindly share your future plans with us where do you foresee yourself in nearly future?

Apart from DISCOM and power utilities, we are planning to enter in Railways with innovative technologies. Our R&D team is designing the transformer for smart grid which will help to get the healthy condition of transformer. We are also in process of design 3D technology for distribution transformers. We are enhancing our manufacturing capacity up to 132 KV Class, enter into export market. We will enter in global market with full range of products.

Q. How far the AEP is looking towards the

Elecrama 2018 and do you have any further suggestion in terms of technology to upgrade the Indian Market?

Elecrama is great platform for the manufacture of power equipments and give new height of innovative /new technologies products. We are hopeful that Elecrama 2018 will give us platform to enter into Global market. Also provide new customer and new area of business. Transformers have many design issues which need some more Research & Development to overcome this problem. We as transformer manufacturer suggesting the SS technologies, SS material don’t get rusted easily, this will avoid oxidation and leakage problem. Also stainless steel has more tensile strength than conventional MS. The SS tanks will help to increase the overall life of the transformer. One more advantage of using SS tank is it will help in reducing the losses in the transformer. With the reduced losses the transformer will have better efficiency and less heating. We are in the process of design 3D technology for transformers to have low cost compact size for Indian market.

Q. The union Budget 2018 was announced,

what is your take on this; what are your ideas according to the government key ideas towards the Indian market? AEP feels there is enough scope and demand in Indian market for distributions Transformers for Indian companies for DDUGJY , IPDS , smart City and Saubhagya Schemes . In the budget union Govt has allocated INR 3900 Cr for DDUGJY, INR 4900 cr for IPDS and INR 16, 000 CR for Saubhagya scheme, from all this Scheme most of the distributions will be benefitted under Make in India concept and to provide Power to all on 24x7 basis. AEP appreciate the steps taken by Govt specially Saubhagya scheme where MSMS power sector companies will contribute a lot. We are confident and committed to give our maximum Contributions to all schemes and will expand our wings in newer products like new product with latest technology.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

echnical Article

|| Pankaj Gaikwad|| || International Business Head|| ||The Motwane MFG. Co. Pvt. Ltd.||

Standard Practices in Transformer Oil Tangent Delta , Resistivity & Dielectric Constant Measurement

Transformer Oil is an important insulation to be monitored periodically to prevent costly damages due to insulation failures in High Voltage Transformers .

FUNCTIONS OF TRANSFORMER OIL : • • • •

To provide dielectric strength to the transformer insulation system. To provide efficient cooling. To protect the transformer core and coil assembly from chemical attack. To prevent the build up of sludge in the transformer.

DETORIORATION ASPECTS OF TRANSFORMER OIL: • • • • • • • •

Deterioration Deterioration Deterioration Deterioration Deterioration Deterioration Deterioration Deterioration

due due due due due due due due

february 2018

to to to to to to to to

the accidental leakage of water . the chemical decomposition. the oxidation. the contamination by gases. the electrical stresses. the thermal stresses. the effect of oxidation products. the physical contamination.

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

VARIOUS TESTS & INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR TRANSFORMER OIL: Sr.

Tests

IEC

ASTM

Color & Appearance

ISO 2049

D-1524

IS 335

Breakdown Voltage

IEC 60156

D-877

IS 6792

Water Content

IEC 60814

D-1533 B

IS 13567

Acidity (Neutralization Value)

IEC 62021

D-974

IS 1448 [P-2]

IEC 60247

D-924

Dielectric Dissipation Factor

Resistivity

Sediments & Sludge

IEC 61125

D-1524

IS 1866

Interfacial Tension

ISO 6295

D-971

ID 6104

Flash Point

IEC 2719

D-92

IS 1448

10.

Pour Point

ISO 3016

D-97

IS 1448

11.

Density

IEC 60814

D-1298

IS 1448

ISO 3104

D-445

IS 1448 [P-25]

D-3612-A

IS 9434

IEC 61198

D-5837

12.

Kinematic Viscosity

13.

Dissolved Gas Analysis

14.

Furan Analysis

IS 6262 IS 6103

||www.electricalmirror.net||

SIGNIFICANCE OF DIELECTRIC LOSS FACTOR (Tan delta) &DIELECTRIC CONSTANT IN TRANSFORMER OIL:

The dielectric loss factor relates to the inability of molecules in the insulating fluid to reorient themselves with an alternating electric field. This ability is dependent on the temperature of the sample, the size of the molecules involved, and their polarity. It is also dependent on the frequency of the alternating field. The dissipation factor and the permittivity are both affected by the molecular size, composition, and relative orientation of functional groups within the molecules. In general within a series of similar molecules, the permittivity will increase as the molecular weight increases. The abovedescribed factors are electrical characteristics of the insulating fluid and can be used to monitor the quality of the oil with regard to deterioration in use and for the presence of contaminants.

DISSIPATION FACTOR ( Tan ) TEST:

The Dissipation factor of insulating oil equals tangent of delta angle which indicates the dielectric loss of oil and, thus, its dielectric heating. The dissipation factor test is widely used as an acceptance and preventive maintenance test for insulating oil. Oil dissipation factor testing in the field is usually done with the Oil Tan delta & Resistivity Test Kit Ex. MOTR. The dissipation factor of new oil should not exceed 0.05 percent at 25oC. A high Tangent Delta in used oil indicates deterioration, contamination, or both with moisture, carbon, varnish, Glyptal, sodium soaps, or deterioration products. Used oil with a Tangent Delta in excess of 0.5 percent should be further analysed in a laboratory to determine the cause of the high dissipation factor. Oil with a Tangent Delta in excess of 2.0 percent may be an operational hazard. It should be investigated and either reconditioned or replaced. The IEEE has suggested guidelines for Dissipation/ Power Factors depending on the type of oil and the unit it is being used in (IEEE C57, 106-1991). Some representative values are given below: Type of Oil/ Unit Shipment of New Oil from Refinery

@ 100oC

max. 0.05% max 0.3%

New Oil Received in New Equipment <or=69kV 69 - 288 kV > 345 kV New Oil for Circuit Breakers

max. 0.15% max. 1.50% max. 0.10% max. 1.00% max. 0.05% max. 0.30% max. 0.05% max. 0.30%

Suggested Limits for oil used in Circuit Breakers Max. 1.0%

Not Spec.

The IEC has recommended Limits depending on the type of Type of equipment based on the IEC Test Method 60247 (Dissipation Factor @90ºC)

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Category

Good

Fair

Poor

O, A

<0.10

0.10-0.20

>0.20

B,C

<0.10

0.10-0.50

>0.5

<0.01

0.01-0.03

>0.03

E <0.10 Note- 0.10 id 10% DDF

0.10-0.30

>0.3

Recommended Actions O,A,B,C

Good: Continue normal sampling Fair: More frequent sampling Poor: Reclaim or replace the oil

Refer to manufacturer's best practice Catastrophic failures have been reported at 0.04 DDF IN VHV and EHV type D transformers

Refer to manufacturer's best practice

Resistivity at @20O C Transformers Recommended Action Limits Category

Good

Fair

Poor

O, A

>200

20-200

<20

B,C

>60

4-60

>800

250-800

<250

7-60

E >60 Note- 0.10 id 10% DDF

Resistivity at @90O C Category

Power Factor @25OC

Dielectric Dissipation Factor IEC 60422 Recommended Action Limits Transformers Recommended Action Limits

Good

Fair

Poor

O, A

>10

1-10

B,C

0.2-3

<0.2

>50

10-50

<10

0.4-3

<0.4

E >3 Note- Units are GΩM

Recommended Actions Good: Continue normal sampling Fair: More frequent sampling. Check other parameters. Poor: Reclaim or replace the oil Note: Not a routine test

Testing In Service Transformer Oil (Routine Monitoring Tests) When insulating fluid is subjected to an AC current, there are dielectric losses, which cause two effects. The resulting current is deflected slightly out of phase with the AC field that has been applied, and the energy of the losses is dissipated as heat. Liquid power factor and the closely related dissipation factor are direct measure of these dielectric losses. New, clean, and dry transformer oil has a very low value. Contamination by moisture or by many other contaminants will increase the liquid dissipation factor. The aging and oxidation of the oil also elevates the values. Therefore this is an extremely useful test because almost everything resulting in bad insulation that can happen to the insulating oil will cause the liquid dissipation factor to increase. Equipment used for Oil Tan delta, Resistivity & Dielectric Constant: Make: MOTWANE Model: MOTR. ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Power Transmission

A transmission line requires few accessories such as Transmission towers also called pylons for supporting the conductors and other accessories; Insulators, Damping devices & Earthing system.

Power Transmission Tower Types, Designs and Accessories

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Transmission Line Accessories

Transmission Tower & conductor: The transmission tower or pylon is one of the most important accessories of a transmission line. As the whole load of the line and accessories are taken by the towers so its design is crucial. For construction of a transmission line the type and numbers of transmission towers required depends on many factors. Transmission tower is designed to carry the whole load of phase and grounding conductors in normal and abnormal conditions. The design requirements in icy, non-icy, coastal areas, cyclone prone areas and heavily air polluted areas are different. Due to the deposition of ice on conductor the weight of line is increased considerably resulting in heavy load on the tower. In the cyclone prone areas the conductors and towers experience severe wind loading. In such situations if these factors are not properly taken care of, then the conductor may snap and the tower may collapse. In the design process all these factors are taken care of. Climatic condition plays an important role in tower and line design. For the purpose, climatic load data is collected. The tower foundation type depends on the soil. Also seismic data of the concerned region is collected for tower design. The tower types generally used are Lattice structure, Guyed V, Tubular pole type etc. We have already discussed about the conductor types used in transmission lines.

Insulators: Insulators for use in transmission lines can be

categorized different ways. The main function of insulator is undoubtedly to insulate the live conductor from the metallic tower at ground potential but the important thing is that the insulator should be able to carry the load/tension in the transmission line. At angle towers or at dead end the insulators should be able to carry large tensional force. The insulators used for transmission lines are mainly of porcelain or composite polymer types. Traditionally porcelain insulators are used for both transmission and distribution purposes. In the coastal areas the climatic condition also influences the selection of materials . In the coastal areas salt deposits on the insulator surface, that results in increased leakage current on the insulator surface. Similar situation arises where lots of suspended chemical particles are present in the atmosphere. While designing the transmission tower and selecting the conductor all these factors are taken into account.

Damping devices: Due to wind and ice, the transmission lines

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Power Transmission

swing under different modes. The transmission lines may vibrate in three major ways. Galloping Due to the deposit of ice above conductor surface, the conductor cross section resembles an aerofoil. The wind flowing across the conductor (aerofoil) results in Galloping of conductor. Galloping is the oscillation of the conductor at high amplitude and low frequency. The conductor may oscillate in vertical or horizontal plane. Generally the conductor oscillates in vertical plane. The amplitude of the oscillation may be more than a meter with frequency upto 3 Hz. Due to galloping the clearance between the conductors may reduce very much to initiate flashover. Structural damage may also happen due to conductor gallopping. Anti-gallopping devices may be fitted to reduce the affect of gallopping. Aeolian vibration When wind flows across the line steadily then vortices are formed in the back side of conductor which is the cause of aeolian vibration. Here the amplitude is in milimeter or centimeter and frequency may be upto 150 Hz. Over a long time the aeolian vibration may cause damage to the strands of wire. Stockbridge Dampers in the shape of dumbbell with midpoint clamped to the line are used for damping the Aeolian vibration. As shown in the figure they are fitted at a position most effective in damping the vibration. In any conductor the dampers are used at both the ends of the span. Dampers are used both in the phase and ground conductors. Wake induced vibration Wake induced vibration takes place in bundled conductors. The aerodynamic forces in the downstraem of conductor gives rise to this form of oscillation. It has amplitude in centimeters. The oscillation is reduced by keeping the spacing of bundled conductors large enough.

Earthing System: Every electrical system is equipped with a earthing system. The ground wires (also called shield wire) run above the phase conductors and protect the line from direct lightning strokes as the lightning strikes first the ground conductor due to its position. The foot of the transmission towers are properly earthed so that the potential gradient near the tower remains within the limit and protects the human beings and animals around the tower in faulted condition.

Methods of Transmission Tower Erection

There are 4 main methods of erection of steel transmission towers which are - Build-up method or Piecemeal method; Section method; Ground assembly method; Helicopter method.

Build Up Method: This method is most commonly

used for the erection of 132 kV, 220 kV and 400 kV transmission line towers due to the following advantages: Tower materials can be supplied to site in knocked down condition, i.e., in pieces which

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

facilitates easier and cheaper transportation. It does not require any heavy machinery such as cranes, etc. Tower erection activity can be done in any kind of terrain and throughout most of the year. Availability of workmen at cheaper rates. This method consists of erecting the towers member by member. The tower members are first set out and kept on the ground serially according to erection sequence to avoid time loss due to searching for them as and when required. In order to maintain speed and efficiency, a small assembly party can be sent ahead of the main erection gang for sorting out the tower members, keeping the members in correct position on the ground and assembling those panels on the ground which can be erected as a complete unit. The main corner leg members are prepared by fitting all cleats / plates for joints & bracings and step bolts. The erection progresses from the bottom upwards. The four main corner leg members of the first section of the tower are first erected and kept in position by fixing temporary rope guys. More than one leg section of each corner leg may be bolted together at the ground and erected in case they are short in length and light in weight. The cross bracings of the first section, which may be assembled on the ground, are raised one by one as a unit and bolted to the already erected corner leg angles. The first section of the tower thus built and horizontal struts (belt members), if any, are bolted in position. For smaller base towers / vertical configuration towers, one derrick / gin pole is used. For wide based towers and if one assembled section / panel of the tower is to be erected, then two derricks / gin poles are placed, one each on the top of diagonally opposite corner legs. These are guyed using ropes and temporary ground anchors. For assembling the second section of the tower, the derrick / gin pole is placed on the top of one corner leg. First, the leg members of the second section are hoisted and assembled. The temporary rope guys are shifted to the legs of the second section when they are being raised for erection. The legs of the second section / storey are kept in position by fixing the temporary rope guys. The bracings of the second section are then hoisted and assembled. The derrick is then shifted to the corner leg member on the top of the second section to raise the parts of third section of the tower in position for assembly. Derrick(s) / Gin pole(s) and the temporary rope guys for the leg members are thus moved up as the tower is built up. This process is continued till the complete tower is erected. Cross – arms are assembled on the ground. The bird guards and hangers for suspension towers are fitted on the cross – arms. A rope is passed through a pulley fixed on the tower peak. The cross – arms are raised up with this rope and fixed to the main body of the tower. For heavier towers, a small boom is rigged

on one of the tower legs for hoisting purposes. The members / sections can be hoisted either manually or by pulling with a tractor or by winch machines operated from the ground.

Section Method: The major sections of the tower are

assembled on the ground and the same are erected as units. Either a mobile crane or a derrick / gin pole is used. The derrick / gin pole used is approximately 10m long and is held in place by means of guys on the side of the tower to be erected. The two opposite sides of the tower section of the tower are assembled on the ground. Each assembled side is then lifted clear of the ground with the derrick / gin pole and is lowered into position on bolts to stubs or anchor bolts. One side is held in place with props or rope guys while the other side is being erected. The two opposite sides are then laced together with cross members and bracings / diagonals, and the assembled section is lined up and made square to the line. After completing the first section, the derrick / gin pole is set on the top of the first section. The derrick / gin pole is made to rest on a strut of the tower immediately below the leg joint. The derrick / gin pole has then to be properly guyed into position. The first face of the second section is raised. To raise the second face of this section, it is necessary to shift the foot of the derrick / gin pole on the strut of the opposite side of the tower. After the two opposite faces are raised, the bracings on the other two sides are fitted and bolted up. The last lift raises the top of the towers. After the tower top is placed and all side bracings have been bolted up, all the guy are removed except the one which is to be used to lower the derrick / gin pole. Sometimes, one whole face of the tower is assembled on the ground, hoisted and supported in position. The opposite face is similarly assembled and hoisted and then the bracing angles connecting these two faces are fitted. The cross – arms are assembled and erected in the manner discussed earlier.

Ground Assembly Method: This method consists of

assembling the tower on the ground, and erecting it as a complete unit. This method is not useful when the towers are large and heavy and the foundations are located in arable land where assembling and erecting complete towers would cause damage to large areas or in hilly terrain where the assembly of complete tower on slopping ground may not be possible and it may be difficult to get the crane into position to raise the complete tower. This method is not generally adopted because of non-availability of good approach roads to tower location. For this method of erection, a level piece of ground close to the footing is chosen for the tower assembly. On slopping ground, however, elaborate packing of the low side is essential before assembly commences. The complete tower is assembled in a horizontal position ||www.electricalmirror.net||

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Power Transmission

on even ground. The tower is assembled along the direction of the line to allow the cross arms to be fitted. After the assembly is complete, the tower is picked up from the ground with the help of a crane and carried to its location and set on its foundation.

Helicopter Method: In the helicopter method, the transmission tower is erected in section. For example bottom section is first lifted on to the stubs and then the upper section is lifted and bolted to the first section and the process is repeated till the complete tower is erected. Sometimes a completely assembled tower is raised with the help of helicopter. Helicopters are also used for lifting completely assembled towers with guys from the marshaling yards where these are fabricated and then transported one by one to line locations. Helicopter hovers over the line location while the tower is securely guyed. The ground crew men connect and tighten the tower guys. As soon as the guy wires are adequately tensioned the helicopter disengages and files to the marshaling yard. This method is adopted where approach is v very difficult or to speed up construction of transmission line. Tightening of Nuts and Punching of Threads and Tack Welding of Nuts of Transmission Towers:

All nuts shall be tightened properly using correct sized spanners. Before tightening it is ensured that filter washers and plates are placed in relevant gaps between members, bolt of proper size and length are inserted and one spring washer is inserted under e each nut. In case of step bolts, spring washer shall be placed under the outer nut. The tightening shall be carried on progressively from the top downwards, care being taken that all bolts at every level are tightened simultaneously. It may be better to employ four persons, each covering one leg and the face to his right. The threads of bolts shall be projected outside the nuts by one to two threads and shall be punched at three positions on the top inner periphery of the nut and bolt to ensure that the nuts are not loosened in course of time. If during tightening a nut is found to be slipping or running over the bolt threads, the bolt together with the nut shall be changed outright. Tack welding is got done of all the nuts & bolts from the ground level upto bottom cross arm level, or as specified in the contract. The threads of all the bolts projecting outside the nuts shall be welded with the nuts at two diametrically opposite places. The length of each welding shall be at least 10 mm, or as specified in the contract. After welding, cold galvanizing paint (Zinc rich paint having at least 90% percent zinc content) shall be applied to the welded portion. At least two coats of the paint shall be applied.

Painting of Joints of Transmission Tower: For 40

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

galvanized towers is coastal or highly polluted areas, the joints shall be painted with zinc paint on all contact surfaces during the course of erection. Checking the Verticality of Erected Transmission Towers. The finally erected tower shall be truly vertical after erection and no straining is permitted to bring it in alignment. Tolerance limit for vertical shall be one in 360 of the tower height.

Fixing of accessories: U-Bolts for earthwire

suspension hardware are fitted on the top plate of the suspension towers. The supports for the anti-climbing device are fitted on the main corner legs of all the towers. The anti â&#x20AC;&#x201C; climbing devices (Flats with edges cut to a sharp point) are installed after the stringing work has been completed. The number plates are fitted at the place provided for them on the face of the tower. Wherever there are roads near the tower, these should be fitted on the face from which they can be seen from the road. The phase plates are fitted on the holes provided for them on the top leg of the cross â&#x20AC;&#x201C; arms if the phase sequence is known at the time of erection of towers. Otherwise, these are fitted after the phase sequence is finalized.

Checking the Verticality of Erected Towers: The

finally erected tower shall be truly vertical after erection and no straining is permitted to bring it in alignment. The verticality of the tower is checked using a theodolite placed away from the tower but in the longitudinal and transverse center lines of the tower. The tolerance limit for verticality shall be one in 360 of the tower height.

Transmission Tower Types and Design

Transmission towers are used to pass signal wires and electrical current from place to place. They are usually made of steel and can run at times for long distances. Transmission towers are most often used when there is a large amount of electrical current to be distributed, usually between 115,000 and 765,000 volts. Several different designs of transmission towers are in wide use in the world today. Transmission towers relay electric current, and come in several major types.

Lattice Steel Towers: Lattice steel towers are made up of many different steel structural components connected together with bolts or welded. Many different types of lattice steel towers exist. These towers are also called self-supporting transmission towers or free-standing towers, due to their ability to support themselves. These towers are not always made of steel; they can also be made of aluminum or galvanized steel. Tubular Steel Poles: Tubular steel poles are another of the major types of transmission towers. They are made up of hollow steel poles. Tubular steel poles can be manufactured as one large piece, or as several

small pieces which fit together.

SIngle and Double Circuit Towers: Both tubular and

lattice steel towers can be designed so as to support either one or two circuits of electrical current. Doublecircuit towers hold the different conductors stacked atop one another, while in single-circuit towers the conductors are lined up horizontally.

Guyed Towers: Guyed towers take up a lot of space,

and are therefore only used in parts of the world where land use policy allows them. They consist of two masts supported by four guys, or support cables.

Suspension Straight Towers: Suspension straight towers are a type of self-supporting tower that stands along straight sections of a transmission route. These towers are also sometimes called tangent towers. The only function of these types of towers is to suspend the wires. They do not have to create or regulate tension in any way. Suspension Angle Towers: Suspension angle towers

are built when it is necessary for the route of the electrical current to turn. These angle towers are usually designed so that the axis of the cross-arm bisects the angle of the conductors. This is the most efficient way to use the tower.

Anchor and Angle Tension Towers: Anchor and angle tension towers are used to sectionalize the routes. They terminate the conductors and they provide containment of possible cascade failures.

Terminal Transmission Towers: Terminal transmission towers are at the end of any route. They provide termination of the maximum conductor tensions.

Main Components of Transmission Tower

The main supporting unit of overhead transmission line is transmission tower. Transmission towers have to carry the heavy transmission conductor at a sufficient safe height from ground. In addition to that all towers have to sustain all kinds of natural calamities. So transmission tower designing is an important engineering job where all three basic engineering concepts, civil, mechanical and electrical engineering concepts are equally applicable. The main supporting of the high voltage transmission line is transmission tower.The components of transmission line got own respective electrical and mechanical characteristic. Transmission tower is consist of the following components - Cage of Transmission Tower; Boom of Transmission Tower; Body of Tower; Cross Arm of of Transmission Tower; Peak of of Transmission Tower. Apart form those main component of transmission line there are so many sub sections which comprised the above mentioned section for example Cross section also comprise the conductors, insulators and dampers.

The Cage: The area between tower body and peak ||www.electricalmirror.net||

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Power Transmission

Design of Transmission Tower

is known as the cage of the Transmission Tower.The main vertical section of any transmission tower is named as cage. Normally cross section of cage take square shape and the shape is also depend on the height of the transmission line.

Boom: Boom is a rectangular beam of the cross section in middle tapered in the end section and part of a horizontal configuration tower. Normally boom is connect to lower body to support mechanically to the power conductors. Body of Tower: Tower body is the main part of the tower which connects the boom and the cage to tower foundation on body extension or the leg extension. The shape of the body is square type and tower body consist two columns which connected ate the end of the foundations.

During design of transmission tower the following points to be considered in mind - Min ground clearance of the lowest conductor point above the ground level; Length of the insulator string; Min clearance to be maintained between conductors and between conductor and tower; Location of ground wire with respect to outer most conductors; Mid span clearance req. from considerations of the dynamic behavior of conductor and lightening protection of the line. To determine the actual transmission tower height by considering the above points, we have divided the total height of tower in four parts - Min permissible ground clearance (H1); Max sag of the conductor (H2); Vertical spacing between top and bottom conductors (H3); Vertical clearance between ground wire & top conductor (H4).

Cross Arm: Cross Arm is one of the key component

of transmission line and it holds the power conductor. Cross arm can vary due to the location and power carried by the transmission line. Number of cross arms depend on the number of circuits consist in Transmission Line.

The Peak: The Peak of transmission tower is mainly

used for lay ground wire in suspension clamp and tension clamp in suspension and angle tower locations. Peak is a portion of the above vertical configuration of top cross arm. We can simply say that Peak is the section above the boom in case of the horizontal section of tower. The peak height depend on the specific angle of shield and clearance of mid span.

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

Types of Transmission Tower

According to different considerations, there are different types of transmission towers. The transmission line goes as per available corridors. Due to unavailability of shortest distance straight corridor transmission line has to deviate from its straight way when obstruction comes. In total length of a long transmission line there may be several deviation points. According to the angle of deviation there are four types of transmission tower- A – type tower – angle of deviation 0o to 2o. B – type tower – angle of deviation 2o to 15o. C – type tower – angle of deviation 15o to 30o. D – type tower – angle of deviation 30o to 60o. As per the force applied by the conductor on the cross arms, the transmission towers can be categorized in another way- Tangent suspension tower and it is generally A - type tower. Angle tower or tension tower or sometime it is called section tower. All B, C and D types of transmission towers come under this category. Apart from the above customized type of tower, the tower is designed to meet special usages listed below,These are called special type tower River crossing tower; Railway/ Highway crossing tower; Transposition tower. Based on numbers of circuits carried by a

transmission tower, it can be classisfied as- Single circuit tower; Double circuit tower; Multi circuit tower.

HV Transmission Tower Types

Main factor of any electrical power transmission line is transmission tower. The Main parameters of high voltage transmission lines are mainly depend on voltage level. There are different types of towers use for electrical power transmission lines. The major types of Transmission towers can categorize as bellow. Suspension Tower; Tension Tower; Transposition Tower; Special Tower. Following are the types of transmission tower types which are widely used by considering the technical background. These transmission types are mainly classified according to its unique features and different applications on electrical power transmission. Transmission line tower designers have been endeavouring to develop tower with such shapes wich blend with the environment. Normally the tower shapes are being used with conservation environmental attraction .The highest attention and the pubic become more and more conscious of the detrimental effects to transmission line towers on the land.

Suspension Towers: Mainly the Suspension towers are on the way of that straight line of transmission line. It may also vary maximum to degree of 5 angle. The high voltage suspension towers are design to carry the only weight of the conductor in straight line position.Most of towers in any transmission line is fall into this type of tower category and construction cost of suspension type transmission lines are much cheaper compare to other types of transmission lines. These type of towers are used on the lines for straight run or for small angle of deviation up to 2° or 5° . Conductor on suspension towers may be supported by means of I-string, V- string or the combination of I & V strings. Tension Towers (Angle): Electrical Tension towers are used at locations where the angel of deviation is more than degree of 5. These towers are also known as angle towers and the tower are designed to take the tension load of the cable. Tension towers are mostly use for turning points and for the section isolate locations. The piece of line from one angle ||www.electricalmirror.net||

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Power Transmission

tower to other angle tower is known as section and length of the section may vary and depend on the geographical location. All the towers in between the section is suspension towers. Suspension towers are lightweight & much economical compare to angle towers. Tension tower can further divide in to two categories and these tower type are also can be categorized according to deviation angle in location of appropriate towers. The types of tension towers due to angle of vary are mentioned in bellow. 0-10 degree tension towers (TD1); 10- 30 degree tension towers (TD3);30-60 degree tension towers (TD6).

Transposition Tower: Transposition towers are

specially used for transpose the conductors of three-phase line . Transposition arrangement also called as span transposition. These type of towers are widely used in long transmission line. These types of towers are much less use in recently. Major idea behind transposition is the change the 3-phase according to determined arrangement to obtain better performance in transmission line. There are several types of transpositions arrangements used. On span transposition is one of the transposition arrangement which use to carried out near a tension tower due to greater ground clearance available near the tower than in the mid span of the tower.

Special Towers: These towers are used at locations 44

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

such as those involving long-span river crossings, valley crossings, power line crossings from above existing lines, power lines crossings bellow existing lines (Gantry type structures) , tapping to existing lines, special termination towers etc. The cost for special tower is much higher than suspension tower line costs. The design of special tower are much based on the location. Special Towers are widely used for tapping existing lines, Special termination towers and falling on the line route.

HV transmission line insulators and their types

The main concept of any insulator is to breakdown electrical conductivity of high voltage power transmission or distribution line form transmission or distribution tower. Insulators are main component of Transmission Line and there are major three types of insulators use for overhead insulator such as - Pin Insulator; Suspension Insulator; Strain Insulator.

Pin Insulators: Pin Insulator is widely use for overhead high voltage power transmission lines and these types of insulators much popular in 33kv distribution lines. Pin insulators are mainly classified in to two according to their manufacture materials. Most of Pin insulators manufactured by use of Glass and Porcine materials .For higher voltages of transmission line use more numbers of pin insulators compare to low voltage transmission lines.Pin insulators are also use for higher and lower voltage transmission and distribution lines in Patrice. The type of pin insulators use for higher voltage line is normally known as Post type of insulators. Post insulators have several numbers of petticoats which higher than normal pin insulators which use for low voltage applications and

the height of post insulator are also higher too.

Suspension Insulator: Suspension Insulator are the most commonly used insulator types in High-voltage transmission applications. Suspension Insulator has higher economical advantage for high voltage application compare to other insulators. There are so many advantages of Suspension insulators over other . Normal voltage ratings of suspension insulators are 11kV and by number of discs can be adjusted for relevant transmission line voltages. For example for 132 kV transmission line use 132kv/11 kv = normally 13 discs. Suspension Insulator has greater flexibility over other insulator types. If any insulator disc is damage in Transmission line it is much easily replace even the Transmission line is energized.The Suspension insulators also has great capability of taking cares of the tension of the conductor at transmission line compare to other types of conductors. Strain Insulator: Strain Insulator are widely used where the tension load of conductor is higher. The most important factor of strain insulator is a mechanical strength.Stay Insulators and Shackle insulators are part of Strain Insulators and these types of insulators widely use where high mechanical strength is necessary in low voltage applications. These are the main three types of insulators which use widely for power transmission and distribution lines.

Factors affecting transmission tower height

The transmission tower height is also important factors to consider while design of transmission lines. There are several factors taken in to consideration while deciding and creating tower height of electrical power lines. Following are those factors which taken in to considerations - Minimum ground clearance; ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Maximum Sag of Conductor; Length of Suspension Insulators; Vertical space between conductors; Ground Wire Location; Angle of Shield. Following are some comprehensive details of the mentioned factors which affect to determine the transmission tower height in power engineering.

Minimum ground clearance: Minimum ground clearance is showed in accordance with all technical requirements and specifications. Normally minimum ground clearance in Electrical power transmission line varies from country to country depending on the rules and regulations which they Patrice. Maximum Sag of Conductor: In Maximum sag of conductor depend on several factors of the conductor. Following are the factors which taken in to account while determine maximum sag of conductor in electrical power lines - The Size of Conductor; Type of Conductor (ACC, ACSR, AAAC, ACAR); Climatic Conditions; Length of Span. In most cases maximum sag of conductor are occurs rapidly under the maximum temperature of conductor and sill wind condition too. The maximum sag of electrical power line also consider in the fixing the height of the Transmission line support too. In cold countries the maximum sag can occur at the minimum temperature and ice coated at power conductor. Length of Suspension Insulators: Length of

Suspension Insulators is one of the main factors to determine the height of the transmission line tower. Following are some of the factors affect on the length of suspension insulators. Lowest cross arm in case of delta type, vertical type suspension Power transmission tower. Boom in case of wasp and horizontal type of suspension tower

Vertical space between conductors: Vertical space

between power conductor are also play main role in spacing between the cross arms.

Ground Wire Location: Main factors which affect to

determine the location of earth wire on transmission tower are the minimum difference in - Suspension insulator length; Drop of earth wire to Suspension claps; Angle of shield.

Angle of Shield: The main function of ground wire of power transmission lines are to provide necessary protection on transmission lines against the direct and indirect lightening stocks. Function of ground wire is mainly based on the selection of angle of shields and coordinates of ground wire sages with that conductor. Location of the ground wire consider the highest of the ground wire peak. Ground wire is also located. The effect of the creep in side steel ground wire can be negligible while consideration of the sag of the conductor.

Types of Conductors use for Transmission ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Line

wind load compare to other conductors.

In over head power transmission lines suspend by towers and in this type of situation the bare conductor on the transmission line is generally made out by using Aluminium materials. There are various types of conductors which are use transmission line. The most common conductors which use transmission line are Aluminum Alloy Conductors. There are various types of sub conductors which use for Aluminum Alloy Conductors are AAAC-HS, AACSR, ABB and ACAR. These types of conductors are use for transmission line for all over the world over four decades. Normally high voltage transmission line varying form 66kV To 400kV voltage levels. AAC and ACSR are the most common type of conductors which use in transmission line.

AAAC-HS and AAAC_HS type Conductors: The

conductor of AAAC-HS consist the heat treatable Aluminium Alloy wire.elongation for this wire is more than 4% and conducting of AAAC-HS wire is normally higher than 52.5%. AA 6201 wire are the most commonly used wire in AAAC-HS type Transmission line conductor. AAAC- HC are also much Like AAAC-HS conductors and UTS of this conductor is varying between 20-26 kg/mm2 and elongation is vary between 2% to 4% .unlike AAAC-HS ,AAAC- HC conductivity is little bit higher which is 56% to 59%.

ACAR ( Aluminium Conductor Alloy Reinforced): Aluminium Alloy conductor got great mechanical strength and overall electrical conductivity of the ACSR (Aluminium Conductor Alloy Reinforced) conductivity is between 56% to 60%.

AACSR (Aluminum Alloy Conductor Steel Reinforced): Aluminum Alloy Conductor Steel

Reinforced (AACSR) conductor consist the high mechanical strength high tensile galvanized steel core covered with Aluminum alloy wires. This type of conductors can use for any rough mechanical circumstances.

ACSR (Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced) Conductors: Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced

(ACSR) Conductors consist more than seven Aluminum and steel conductors. Center of the conductors comprised galvanized steel and outer layers of the galvanized steel comprise Aluminum conductors. These types of conductors are much use for long spans of transmission lines because these lines got high tensile strength.

Bundle Conductors: Bundle conductors are widely use for transmission line and has its own advantages and disadvantages. Bundle conductor is a conductor which consist several conductor cable which connected. Bundle conductors also will help to increase the current carried in the transmission line. The main disadvantage of Transmission line is its having high

Types of Transmission Tower Bracing

Bracing s are use to interconnect the legs of transmission lines and framing angel of bracing and main leg of transmission towers should not exceed more than 15 degrees.Members of transmission towers are designed to compression and tension loads. Following are various patterns were use for bracing in Transmission towers. Portal System; Pratt System; Diamond Bracing; Double web system; Warren system; Single web system; Multiple Bracing.

Single web Bracing System: In this single web

bracing system the struts designed in compress and diagonal of in tension .This bracing system got narrow base and these types of bracing are much use in 66kV transmission line.Single web bracing system consist diagonal and struts of an all diagonals of transmission tower and this bracing system is widely use for narrow based transmission towers.

Warren System: Warren bracing System is widely use

for both large and small towers. In warren bracing system tension diagonal will give effective support to compression one at point of connections.

Pratt System: Pratt bracing system use for large

deflection under heavy load and unequal shears at top of the focus stubs for design.Pratt type of bracing system is also use of bottom two or three panels and warren bracing . In this bracing system share carried by diagonal members as shown in figure.

Portal Bracing System: Portal Bracing System are widely use for bottom panel and this is one half of horizontal member. This type of portal bracing system is ideal for where the extension of transmission lines and to cross a heavy rivers. Diamond Bracing System: Diamond type bracing

system is much like waran type and the horizontal member of the tower carry no major loads designed as redundant supports.

Multiple Bracing System: Multiple bracing system

is much suitable where the tower strength should increase and the member size reduce. This will also lead the increase in number of bolts, erection costs and fabrication.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Renewable Energy

Pathways to Integrate Renewable Energy targets into Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Electricity Grid

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

he use of Renewable Energy (RE) sources, primarily wind and solar generation, is poised to grow significantly within the Indian power system. The GoI has established an installed capacity target of 175 GW RE by 2022 that includes 60 GW of wind and 100 GW of solar, up from current capacities of 29 GW wind and 9 GW solar. Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s contribution to global efforts on climate mitigation extends this ambition to 40% non-fossil-based generation capacity by 2030. Global experience demonstrates that power systems can integrate wind & solar at this scale; however, evidence-based planning is imp to achieve wind & solar integration at least cost. 160 GW of solar & wind generate 370 TWh of energy annually, meeting 22% of Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s electricity demand and reaching an instantaneous peak of 54%. The overarching conclusion is that integrating 160 GW of RE - 22% of electricity generation - is achievable based on projected power system plans and regulations, and with optimal siting of RE with regards to intrastate transmission. Integrating this level of RE offers benefits of fuel savings and reduced emissions, while still fully meeting projected demand for electricity. The following key findings offer further insight into how the power system with this level of RE would operate, and how actions to improve RE integration impact production costs, curtailment, and system flexibility.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Renewable Energy

Power system balancing with 100 GW of solar and 60 GW of wind is achievable at 15-minute operational timescales with minimal RE curtailment. Based on existing plans for transmission and generation capacity expansion, optimal siting of RE and in-state transmission, and fulfillment of current efforts to improve access to the physical flexibility of the power system, system balancing at 15-minute timescales is achievable with only 1.4% RE curtailment. Further, new fast-ramping infrastructure for the RE, such as combustion turbines or storage, is not necessary to manage the added variability of wind and solar. The planned fleet of generation and transmission provides sufficient capacity to handle errors from state-of-the-art RE forecasts, changes in net load (ramps), and times of the day and year when RE generation is low. However, continued investment in transmission would be essential at both state and interstate levels to ensure minimal RE curtailment. While physically, the system has the flexibility to manage added variability and uncertainty, the challenge going forward is accessing this flexibility through appropriate regulations, operational rules, operating reserve requirements, market mechanisms, and software and control systems. The peak systemwide 1-hour up-ramp increases 27% compared to a system with no new renewables, to almost 32 GW, up from 25 GW. This ramp rate can be met if all generating stations exploit their inherent ramping capability. Aggregated nationally, for 56 hours of the year, systemwide 1-hour up-ramps exceed 25 GW, greater than any ramp requirement in the No New RE scenario, and peak at almost 32 GW. The current generation fleet is shown to successfully respond to these ramp events within our operating assumptions. We found no significant change in either production cost or RE curtailment when coal generation ramp rates were made less flexible in the simulations, although this study assumes a similar load shape for 2022 as prevailing today. A significant change in load shape could affect the net load ramp rate. Five-minute scheduling and dispatch has been demonstrated elsewhere to better handle ramping, if required at a later stage.

The latent flexibility in hydroelectric generation helps maintain system balance.

With RE, net load (load minus wind and solar generation, i.e., the demand that must be met by other generation sources if all the RE power is consumed) takes on a dual-peak pattern that is different than today. Hydroelectric (hydro) generation, subject to various flow constraints, is dispatched during the periods of highest value, which occur during the 48

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

net demand peaks. The adaptability of hydro helps the power system to absorb the variability that RE adds to the system, complementing the flexibility from the thermal fleet. Additionally, sensitivities representing high- and low-hydro years did not hinder RE integration, as the flexibility of the system is still sufficient to maintain balance. Annual energy flow on major corridors does not change significantly, although corridors connected to the Southern region frequently carry power in both directions, a change from today’s system and a low RE future scenario. We find that total energy flows change somewhat under the 100S-60W case and interregional corridors are congested some periods during the year; however, these changes do not appear to hinder the effective integration of 160 GW of RE. Without the growth of RE, the Southern region is a steady importer. But under the 100S-60W scenario, the major change to flows occurs between the Western and Southern regions, causing more bidirectional flows than in the No New RE case. Overall, the total energy moving around the country decreases because certain states and regions are more selfsufficient in their generation supply with the addition of RE. National and regional optimization of scheduling and dispatch eases RE integration by smoothing variability and broadening the supply of system flexibility. Existing merit-order operations, in which generators with lower variable costs are dispatched before higher variable cost generators, capture many of the efficiencies necessary to integrate 160 GW of wind and solar. The 2022 analysis suggests that existing operations, which follow a decentralized state-by-state level unit commitment and dispatch, can integrate future levels of RE with only 1.4% RE curtailment nationally. Nevertheless, we find that scheduling and dispatch optimized at the regional or national level can support more efficient operations of thermal plants and help achieve more economical operations with annual operating cost savings of roughly 2.8%, or INR 6300 crore3 in today’s rupees (approximately USD 980 million) for regional coordination and 3.5% or INR 7800 crore for national coordination. In addition to improving access to leastcost generation, coordination between states helps reduce the number of coal plants at part load, providing greater operational range to the remaining committed coal plants to lower generation output when RE generation is high.

Reducing minimum generation levels of large thermal plants is the biggest driver to reducing RE curtailment.

Changing minimum generation levels of all coal plants, from 70% today to 55% of rated capacity (consistent with the CERC regulations) reduces RE curtailment from

3.5% to 1.4% and annual operating cost by 0.9%, or INR 2000 crore. Reducing minimum generation levels further, to 40%, reduces RE curtailment to 0.76%, with negligible decreases to annual operating costs.4 If only centrally owned plants achieve 55% minimum generation levels but state-controlled plants maintain minimum generation levels of 70%, RE curtailment is 2.4%. An idealized “copper plate” sensitivity delivers a best-case transmission benchmark of 4.7% production cost savings and 0.13% RE curtailment. Our copper plate scenario, which represents a market based on a nationally optimized least-cost dispatch principle, a transmission system with no constraints, and operations with no barriers to scheduling, reduces RE curtailment to 0.13% and production costs by 4.7%. Though not physically plausible, this scenario provides insights into how the modeled results of other, feasible costand curtailment-mitigation measures compare to those that would be achieved if all transmission and market constraints could be relaxed. For example, scheduling and dispatch optimized at the regional level and with transmission constraints delivers over half of the production-cost savings of the copper plate, and nationally coordinated dispatch combined with an additional 25% interregional transmission capacity delivers 84% of the savings of the idealized copper plate. The copper plate sensitivity results in a peak of 36 GW power transfer from west to north and leads to loop flows from west to north to east, providing insights into transmission plans and highlighting the need for further study. The copper plate sensitivity indicates the likely transmission requirements for 2022 for least-cost generation dispatch. Under this scenario, power flow on the Westernto-Northern region corridor would reach a maximum 36 GW. Additionally, flows typically go from Northern to Eastern, which leads to loop flows of Western to Northern to Eastern. Flow on the Western-to-Southern region corridor may also become bidirectional depending upon the wind generation. Further, full AC power flow and related analyses would be necessary to complement the existing studies by the transmission planning teams in India (who use power flow software extensively). Through this integration study, stakeholders within India have identified the need for a mandatory production cost modeling study for the purpose of transmission planning for a large country like India with diverse resources. CERC will be updating regulations on transmission planning and could consider this aspect to ensure the right plan and build-out of transmission.

Batteries insignificantly impact emissions and total cost of generation. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Renewable Energy

Batteries do reduce curtailment (from 1.4% to 1.1%); however, the value of this curtailment is offset by the batteries’ efficiency losses during operation. In the 100S-60W scenario, 2.5 GW of batteries (75% efficient) reduce RE curtailment by 1.2 TWh annually but lose 2.0 TWh annually due to inefficiencies. Also, there is insignificant impact on the total cost of generation because the overall generation mix changes little. Batteries charge during the early afternoon when multiple resources, including coal, are online and displace coal at night, resulting in an insignificant drop in total coal generation. Peak coal generation is decreased by less than the capacity of the batteries in both the 100S-60W and 60S-100W scenarios. Batteries could be economically desirable for RE integration for grid services that are outside the scope of the study (e.g., frequency regulation, capacity value, local transmission congestion). Retiring 46 GW of coal (20% of installed coal capacity) does not adversely affect system flexibility. In the 2022 projections for generation capacity, the least efficient coal plants are rarely dispatched. Even in the absence of new RE capacity (No New RE scenario), nearly 10 GW of coal plants never run at any point of the year. Retiring coal plants that operate at less than 15% of their capacity annually (205 generation units totaling 46 GW in capacity in 100S-60W) has almost no effect on system operations. With retirements, the average plant load factor of the coal fleet is 62%, up from 50%. RE curtailment remains constant at 1.4%, with negligible impact to annual production costs. This suggests that in the long term there may be an opportunity to save money on fixedcost contracts by strategic retirements of excess generation.

geographic and electrical balancing areas, expanding transmission in strategic locations, and planning for future flexibility can enable efficient and reliable operation of the power system now and in the future. Coordinated planning for transmission, operations, and generator flexibility will support cost-effective integration of even higher levels of RE, while minimizing RE curtailment. These changes to operations and planning will reduce operating cost regardless of the level of RE that is ultimately integrated into the Indian power grid. The specific approaches to achieving coordinated planning are beyond the scope of this study but can be developed to address GoI and stakeholder policy preferences.

Need for a long-term, renewables-based energy plan for India

The Paris Agreement reached at the 21st Conference of Parties (COP) in Dec’15 was a major milestone that capped more than two decades of global negotiations aimed at averting dangerous climate change. The outcome was reflective of wider acceptance that a low-carbon transformation of the world’s energy systems is indeed possible, even inevitable, in the context of rapidly falling renewables costs and an unprecedented degree of action by nations, civil society, businesses, industry, cities, and other stakeholders. In this context, India has endorsed renewables as the future source to fuel the rapid growth engine. According to the MNRE, the country’s total RE capacity including solar, wind, biomass, and small hydro grew by around 11,200 MW in FY 2016-17, which is at par with conventional thermal power capacity addition that registered a decline of 50% in comparison to the previous year. Across the country about 5,526 MW of new solar capacity (an increase of 83% over FY 2015-16) and roughly 5,400 MW of new wind capacity (up by 63%) was added in the year.

Source: Bridge to India.

Power system balancing with 100 GW of solar and 60 GW of wind is achievable with minimal integration challenges, bringing benefits of reduced fuel consumption and emissions. Meeting existing regulatory targets for coal flexibility, enlarging 50

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Electricity Generation

3000

60%

2500

50%

2000

40% 30%

1500 1000 500 0

20% 10% 2012

2017

2027 2032 2037 2022 Fossi Fuel Based Electricity Hydro and Nuclear Renewable Based Electricity Share of Renewable

2042

2047

Source: Maximum Clean and RE Pathway (MCREP)

Despite the impressive performance of the renewables industry, the Indian energy sector continues to be plagued with multifaceted challenges. These include but are not limited to increasing energy demands with the rapidly developing economy and rising population, increased fossil fuel imports, deficits in meeting the electricity demand, and high shares of greenhouse gases from the energy sector in national emissions stack and still a lack of access to electricity to almost one-fourth of its population (26% of rural households). The govt has recently revised the target of RE capacities in India to 175 GW by 2022. However, a long-term strategy to integrate large-scale expansion of renewables in order to address the above-mentioned multi-dimensional challenges is still missing. NITI Aayog, which was constituted by the Indian govt to enhance the policymaking process, undertook an energy scenario building exercise—the ‘India Energy Security Scenarios (IESS), 2047’. This web-based planning tool presents two scenarios—the Maximum Energy Security Pathway (MESP) and the Maximum Clean and RE Pathway (MCREP) in order to fulfil the energy demands in 2047. Considering the MCREP, the share of renewables in the enhanced proportion of electricity in the energy mix is estimated to be around 49% in 2047 in comparison to seven% in 2012, whereas the share of coal is still around 37% of the primary energy supply in 2047 compared to around 46% in 2012, indicating a drop of just nine%. From 2010–2015, the indicative global average onshore wind generation costs for new plants fell by an estimated 30% on average, while costs for new utilityscale solar photovoltaics (PV) declined by two-thirds. Further, over the next five years, 2015-20, new onshore wind costs are expected to decline by a further 12%, while new utility-scale solar PV will decline by an additional 25%. Based on these developments, expecting a coal share of 37% in the Indian energy mix by 2047 seems unrealistic and quite out of date. Prices for renewables-based electricity have been dropping globally and more so here in India, as observed recently—the winning bid at the Kadapa solar park being set up by NTPC is at Rs 3.15 /KWh which is the levelised tariff for 25 years with no escalation. This is lower than the lowest bid received for the 750 MW solar park in Rewa, Madhya Pradesh (which was around Rs 2.97/KWh and works out to around Rs 3.30/KWh over the lifetime of the power plant). Wind power too has been registering low costs in the range of Rs 3.50/KWh. The effects of this trend of cost reduction in renewables is changing the dynamics of the power sector and rendering investments in conventional power plants unfeasible. Recently, The Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis published a report which concluded that three new coal-fired power plants in the Netherlands are proving far less valuable than expected and are fundamentally out of step with power market trends across Europe. This is leading to debates on the economic feasibility of conventional power plants and calling for divestments of the fossil-fuel based power plants by some stakeholders. TERI recently published a report titled ‘Transitions in the Indian Energy Sector - Macro Level Analysis of Demand and Supply Side Options’ that suggests India should not consider building new

||www.electricalmirror.net||

power plants based on fossil fuels. There is a huge risk that these would turn into stranded assets in the near future. There have been reports on a 100% renewables-based energy system for India: ‘The Energy Report—India 100% RE by 2050’ by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and TERI and the ‘Energy Revolution: A Sustainable Energy Outlook’ by Greenpeace. Recently, researchers from Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT) have modelled energy scenarios globally as well as for India at an hourly resolution and derived the least-cost energy mix for 2050. Most of their publications in the context of India concluded that energy supply, fully based on RE, storage, and distribution is the best and only option from the economic, ecological, and technical points of view. Already today, wind and solar power are the most cost-effective options for energy investments. In 2030, fossil fuel and nuclear energy will be non-competitive with renewables. The results of the paper, ‘Electricity System based on 100% RE for India and SAARC’ indicate scenarios where a 100% renewables-based energy system is possible and lower in cost than alternate high-risk options.

Source: Conference Paper - ‘The Demand for Storage Technologies in Energy Transition Pathways Towards 100% RE for India’.

With the storage, load-balancing, and demand-balancing components, it looks like it is technically and economically feasible to build an energy system with a high amount of renewables. An important complementary solution to intermittent renewables will be storage and as a virtuous circle, development of battery technology which has been spurred by increasing viability of electric vehicles (EVs), which should bring further applications into the power market. The price of lithium-ion battery packs for electric vehicles have fallen 65% since 2010 and the trend is likely to continue making batteries cost-effective even for power storage. The govt is playing an active role in promoting the adoption of RE resources by offering various incentives, such as generation-based incentives (GBIs), capital and interest subsidies, viability gap funding, concessional finance, and fiscal incentives but needs to develop an integrated long-term plan with renewables at the heart of it. Some of the key aspects that such a plan could focus on are: Increasing the flexibility of power grids; Developing the infrastructure for increased EV expansion; Investing in storage facilities (a policy for storage technology development). A future-oriented energy system in India will be based on solar PV, wind energy, battery storage, and flexible smart power grids.

Policy implications Policies That Have a Positive Effect on RE Integration

State-Level Planning At a minimum, coordinate RE generation and transmission at the state level to ensure sufficient in-state transmission. Create a nationwide model that helps optimize generation and transmission build-outs. Create regulatory or policy guidelines to support institutionalization of cost-optimized capacity expansion planning. Larger Balancing Footprint Evaluate options for enhanced coordination. Design questions include: markets vs. non-market options; regional vs. national participation; voluntary vs. mandatory participation; and energy imbalances only or full day-ahead scheduling and dispatch.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Renewable Energy

Flexibility from Coal Establish at central and state levels comprehensive regulations regarding flexibility of conventional generators, including minimum generation levels, ramp rates, and minimum up and down times (current CERC regulation applies to central generators but not state generators). Encourage states to match or exceed CERC guidelines for central generators that require 55% minimum operating levels for coal plants; evaluate on plant-by-plant basis further reductions. Provide training curricula that help coal plant operators minimize damage from cycling. Flexibility from Hydro Revise policy/regulatory-level guidelines to use the full capability of hydro and pumped hydro stations. Suitable incentive mechanisms can encourage operation of hydro and pumped hydro depending upon system requirements. Weighing Options Apply production cost simulation tools to evaluate the production cost impacts between curtailment and other options to reduce or eliminate this curtailment. This analysis can be updated periodically as changes to the power system are anticipated. Compensating Flexibility Create a model tariff contract that can be used for contracts that are new and up for renewal based on economics of coal plants with lower plant load factors. For existing contracts, explore options used in other countries to renegotiate contracts. Develop a new tariff structure that moves away from focusing on energy delivery. Agreements can specify various performance criteria, such as ramping, specified start-up or shutdown times, minimum generation levels, along with notification times and performance objectives that achieve flexibility goals. The tariff structure should allow for full cost recovery,

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

be applicable to both renegotiated contracts and new contracts, and be effective both during the transition to a high-RE future and after the highRE future has been reached. Flexibility from RE Use the regulatory platform to require merit order dispatch based on production costs; supplementary software may be required to identify economic scheduling and dispatch that considers the combined effects of conventional and renewable variable costs, transmission congestion and losses, and various other factors.8 Create model PPAs for RE that move away from must-run status and employ alternative approaches to limit financial risks, such as annual caps on curtailed hours. PPAs or regulations can also be used to require commercially available controls and communications systems that help extract the full value of RE from a system perspective. Additional Transmission Additional investment in transmission is required for a nationally optimized market based on least-cost dispatch principle with no constraint. More transmission needs to be planned for bulk transfer of power, especially on the WesterntoNorthern region corridor. This kind of market would also require a shift in the transmission planning process for which necessary regulatory and policy level guidelines need to be issued. Analysis-Based Targets Create and maintain a nationwide model that helps optimize generation and transmission build-outs, which can then be used to inform investment decisions and RE policies. Develop an institutional home for this model and for staff that can support it. Make such studies mandatory for generation planning, transmission planning, and operational planning. Planning for Beyond 175 GW To achieve more

ambitious RE levels, use detailed, model-based planning, including both capacity expansion and production cost modeling. This will inform long-term trade-offs and sensitivities to changing technological and economic conditions. Forecasting Equip all states with the latest, stateofthe-art load forecasting facilities. In addition, equip RE-rich states with state-of-the-art RE forecasting tools. Further, build capacity of all system operators in this regard so that in-house capability is developed to create and customize such tools in the future. Data Sharing Regulatory guidelines may be issued to make it mandatory for stakeholders to provide data required to perform production cost studies.

Policies That Have a Neutral Impact on RE Integration at This Time

Ramping This study found that fast-ramping (non-RE) plants are not necessary at the penetration levels associated with 160 GW of wind and solar because ramping as low as 0.5% of maximum capacity per minute resulted in no significant change in either 9. Efforts under way in this regard include an automated demand side management pilot under Greening the Grid, which is a partnership between USAID, BESCOM, SRLDC, Karnataka Power Transmission Company Limited, and Innovari. This pilot aims to provide the utility and grid operators with a software platform to access flexibility in large commercial and industrial consumer end uses. A companion study under way by U.S. Department of Energy laboratories will investigate how to scale automated demand side management in India for the purpose of supporting RE integration. production cost or RE curtailment. Although it is possible that ramping could become a constraint in high-RE futures, there are several technologies that ||www.electricalmirror.net||

could provide fast ramping. Rather than dictating a specific flexible technology, policies can instead focus on the attribute. If faster ramping is identified as a future need, a policy approach that focuses on the needed capability in a technologyagnostic way can incentivize the most cost-effective technology (which may be some new, unforeseen technology). We did not evaluate ramping capabilities in time periods less than 15 minutes. Storage As modeled in this study, batteries reduce RE curtailment, but the value of that gain in electricity is offset by efficiency losses generated by the battery in operations. Batteries have almost no effect on production costs or CO2 emissions. A number of changes could affect the value of batteries, including improvement to battery efficiencies and broadening the value of batteries to include mitigation of local transmission constraints and/or provision of ancillary services. Valuing these services is outside the scope of this study.

Implications for Policy

RE targets of 175 GW are achievable with continued investment in interstate and intrastate transmission.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Interstate transmission identified through Green Corridors is sufficient to reliably operate the system, but intrastate transmission will require new planning based on projected locations of RE. New fast-ramping plants and storage are not necessary at these penetration levels. Improving the operations of existing infrastructure, however, does provide high value to RE integration. Operating the power system from a regional or national perspective, rather than state-by-state, achieves efficiencies in operations by reducing the need for costly start-ups and shutdowns. Operating coal plants more flexibly reducing their minimum output to 55% as currently mandated for central generators, or even to 40% provides additional flexibility in managing midday peak RE output. At high RE penetration levels, coal plant load factors will decline to near 50%, which calls into question economic viability. This will create economic implications for distributions utilities that pay for availability. Strategic uses of RE curtailment will become an important source of flexibility to minimize system-level costs. Regulations and PPAs that mandate must-run status could restrict access to this flexibility.

To maintain confidence for RE investors, removing must-run status will need to accompany an adherence to merit order dispatch (based on production costs, not tariffs) at the system operator level. A 175-GW RE target that places greater emphasis on wind over solar (100 GW wind, 60 GW solar), achieves higher RE capacity factors, and therefore higher RE penetration levels (26% compared to 22% in the 100 GW solar, 60 GW wind scenario) and lower CO2 emissions. The characteristics of wind generation make it easier to operate, but this report does not assess the full suite of questions that would be required for a policy cost-benefit analysis, including fixed costs and financing availability, among other factors. At 250 GW RE, the best wind and solar resources remain in the Southern region, but continued siting of RE in that region will create excessively high levels of RE curtailment without additional mitigation strategies, such as new transmission or improved coordination of scheduling and dispatch. Achieving more ambitious RE targets will require detailed, model-based planning, and will benefit from an institutionalized process for maintaining the model and sharing data.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

INTERVIEW

Natarajan Balakrishnan Managing Director

EPCOS India Pvt. Ltd. 54

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

he company has a network of design and manufacturing locations for film capacitors, ferrites and sales offices all over the country. Our sales portfolio includes electronic components, modules and systems, power supplies, magnetic application products as well as energy devices, flash memory application devices and others.

in India. We focus on demanding markets in the areas of Industrial and Consumer, Information and Communication Technology and Automotive electronics. The company has a network of design and manufacturing locations for film capacitors and ferrites and sales offices all over the country. Our sales portfolio includes electronic components, modules and systems, power supplies, magnetic application products as well as energy devices, flash memory application devices, and others.

We are a part of TDK Corporation, which is a Japanese company having a global footprint. Thus, we are already prominently present globally. Having said so it is pertinent to add that markets around India like the Gulf region covering Oman, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait as also Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka are served by the set up in India. Also, products out of our factories address global demands and are channeled through our sales offices around the globe.

Brief our readers about the EPCOS TDK and its core business?

Please share your International presence also are you in planning EPCOS India Pvt Ltd is a TDK group company to expand your geographically and one of the leading electronics companies location further?

Now a days government is taking keen steps towards the solar energy whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s your take on this?

energy to the level of 100GW, in 2014. From a sub 3GW level for many years prior to that, India is now moving close to 20GW and 100GW now looks like a realizable target compared to 2014, when the move started. This is really great from a sustainability perspective. The energy cost from Solar is now at a level lower than fossil fuel and thus penetration could be faster. It is now essential for us to develop local manufacturing capability to service this industry with cost viable components including cells, modules and Balance of System.

Being component suppliers the only challenge for us is the presence of local manufacturing of related electronics like inverters. Till the recent past a large portion of the balance of systems were being imported, but now in the past one year or so, we have had several big companies starting to produce here and that is a very positive sign.

The Indian market has been primarily driven by the industrial and home appliance sectore including mobility, energy, etc and our presence has been a dominant one. Even this market was contained by limited manufacturing but now the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Make in Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; initiative along with investments in infrastructure, power reforms and expected work in upgrading the railway system have given a fillip and we see a lot positive development in this segment.

What are the other products in solar and renewable you are coming up with?

As far as our products are concerned, they are limited to the supply of components for the inverters involved in the Solar PV generation. We would not be getting into making cells or modules or integrating a system.

At a different level we do make solar cell for electronic applications like wearables, and this addresses a different market and for very low power requirement.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

What are the challenges that you are facing in spite the government is fully on towards the We have come a long way since the up gradation of various plans in government announced plans to tap Solar solar power sector?

What is the market now and your future plans in coming 5 to 6 years and any new techniques that you coming up with?

The other segments where we are strong are ICT (Information, Communication Technology) and Automotive. There are several initiatives and we looking to involve ourselves in these two segments with the emerging opportunities.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

INTERVIEW

Harpreet Singh CEO

Compaq International (P) Ltd. 56

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

e at Compaq International state ourselves leaders in technology of cable jointing solutions but with changing scenario and increasing demands of customers and utilities across the globe, Compaq was quick enough & geared to design & develop various solution in the field of cable accessories with different technologies for different parts of the world. We can proudly say that Compaq international is the only company in India designing and producing each and every item in house with state-of the art manufacturing facilities and high class R&D Centers. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Brief us about the Compaq International Pvt Ltd and its success story and core business?

Compaq International (P) Limited, established in the year 1997 with wide centralised business of Low, Medium & High Voltage cable management products. An ISO 9001: 2008 & 14001: 2004 certified company, Compaq International is engaged in development, manufacturing & marketing of cable jointing solutions, heat shrink and cold shrink type cable joints & terminations, pre-molded slip on cable joints & terminations, power cable accessories, composite polymer insulators, polymer surge arresters, polymer cut out fuses, polymer air break switches & other associated electrical products for power transmission & distribution network. With increase in power and infrastructural projects in India, the demand for innovation products used in these sectors has increased. It is natural that our supply is guided by the trends. We never compromise on design & design validation of our products neither by designing our cost nor by using cheap material inputs to lower it. CIPL invests very heavily in R&D and Quality Assurance to ensure Compliance of our Products to IS, IEC, CENELEC, VDE, BS, IEEE and various other available performance quality standards existing internationally.

Define us your product and the technology that you have shared globally; as compared to your competitors?

Well, we at Compaq International state ourselves leaders in technology of cable jointing solutions but with changing scenario and increasing demands of customers and utilities across the globe, Compaq was quick enough & geared to design & develop various solution in the field of cable accessories with different technologies for different parts of the world. We can proudly say that Compaq international is the only company in India designing and producing each and every item in House with state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities and high-class R&D Centers. Every cabling installation has different requirements when it comes to chemical, abrasion and moisture resistance. When adding space limitations and temperature considerations into the equation, choosing the correct product can become difficult and confusing. Ultimately, Compaq International can provide a vast selection of heat shrink, Pre-moulded, cold shrink products to suit a wide variety of cable accessory requirements from low voltage solutions, all the way up to 72kV.

What are the opportunities and threats faced by the cable accessories manufacturer; and how do you cope up with this?

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Cable accessories are designed to operate alongside cables and form an integral part of the power cable systems. These accessories are extensively used in establishing the electricity transmission and distribution network infrastructure. Now a day, numerous cable accessories such as connector systems, cable joints, termination, etc. are present in the market in different shapes, sizes, features and type. According to latest research report the global cable accessories market reached a value of US$ 44 Billion in 2018. A significant shift towards sources of renewable energy, such as solar, wind or tidal, has created a demand for weather resistant and durable cable and relative cable accessories. Installation of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cable joints and terminations, coupled with the aim of upgrading the existing infrastructure encouraged by government aids, has bolstered the market growth for cable accessories.

What will be the market size for cable accessory industry in nearly future?

Despite the presence of driving forces, due to poor planning of the sources at present, the market is restrained by limited funds, steeply priced raw materials and delayed implementation. However, the market is projected to reach a value of US$ 62 Billion by 2023, exhibiting a CAGR of almost 6% during 2018-2023. The report has segmented the market on the basis of voltage level, including low voltage cable accessories, medium voltage cable accessories and high voltage cable accessories. Amongst these, low voltage cable accessories are the most popular product type. On a regional-basis, the report covers Asia Pacific, Europe, North America, Latin America, and Middle East and Africa. Currently, Asia Pacific represents the largest region, accounting for the majority of the total global share. Kindly share your future plans with us where do you foresee yourself in another as the growth rate which varies to increase 16 percent during 2016-20? We are working hard towards the quality and quantity of the services which we belong to, and get the desire growth overall and apparently in the near future. We expect Compaq to grow exponentially. As well as our experience with the local market, our success in the international market is testament to that. We have the required capabilities for becoming a global player. Our quality and production are already international standard, and our customer base is constantly growing. We expect to become a recognizable global player in all aspects. While we are a very recognized name in the Indian market, we have also made significant inroads in the international market scene. We have already crossed the borders to become a very recognizable brand in most parts

of Asia. Success in this part of the world has led to subsequent forays into the Middle East and Africa, where also we have enjoyed good reception. We are on the verge of expanding to mature markets of Europe. The advanced countries will prove to be a tough competition for our offerings, but one which we are confident to match and conquer.

How far the Compaq International (P) Limited is looking towards the Elecrama2018 and do you have any further suggestion in terms of technology to upgrade the Indian Market?

Elecrama is a complete Platform to chase the international and national market under one roof so therefore we are regular partners to them from past 20 years as this is considered to be the biggest show for electrical. This time it is in Delhi NCR which added a boost to this event. We are exhibition at Elecrama with our showcase of World class products and solutions. With changing scenario and increasing demands of customers and utilities across the globe, Compaq is also taking initiative for Indian market to make upgradation in the designs and technologies for the betterment of the energy sector. Very much upgradation is needed to Indian market with rigid and strict technical parameters and specifications.

The union Budget 2018 was announced, what is your take on this; what are your ideas according to the government key ideas towards the Indian market?

Union Budget 2018-19 comes against a backdrop of lower-than expected GST revenue collections, a widening fiscal deficit and increasing pressure to make as many people happy as possible with an eye on garnering votes in 2019. Despite this he announced the budget allocates Rs 3,800 crore for Deendayal Upadhayaya Gram Jyoti Yojna (DUGJY) and Rs 4,900 crores for Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS). The government has also allocated Rs 16,000 crore for the Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) to enable last mile connectivity for rural households. This yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s budget has also increased the capital expenditure by Indian Railways particularly for electrification and augmentation of the line network â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a move that is likely to create additional power demand and this is a opportunity for the most of the manufacture in electrical sector to grow the phase of their co related business accordingly.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Smart Cities

Urbanization Problems and Challenges in Setting Up Smart Cities

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

hat makes a city smart?

With increasing urbanization, Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban population is expected to increase from 377 million in 2011 to 600 million people by the year 2031. Almost 50% of the total population will live in urban areas. According to a recent report on Indian urban infra & services by a high-powered expert committee set by the GoI, the urban share of the GDP is expected to rise to 75% in the year 2030 from around 62-63 percent in the year 2009-10. The number of cities is projected to increase to 87 in the year 2031 from 50 in 2011. Urban areas will be critical to the economic growth of the country and they will require a massive overhaul to accommodate the future population. To cater to this increasing urban population in the future, cities need to plan and provide a suitable environment for future investments, create new jobs and livelihoods, build reliable public infra, provide social services with ample access to affordable housing and most importantly support efficient use of resources for a sustainable quality of life. Smart City Components: Integrated transport and increased connectivity; 100% coverage of utilities- solid waste mgt, storm water drainage, telecom, electricity, water, integration of ICT with transportation, utilities to allow real-time monitoring; energy efficiency and the use of renewable resources; sustainable building practices; access to jobs, education, healthcare.

Based on the stage of ICT integration in project life-cycle smart cities can be broadly classified into three types: new cities, retrofitting existing cities with smart technologies, and purposedriven cities. New cities integrate ICT in all aspects to attract citizens and businesses by providing quality services. Retrofitting existing cities into smart cities is a step-by-step intervention to integrate new processes into the older systems to achieve the overall objective of creating a smart city. Purpose driven cities could be industry centric, built around science towns or other core activities. The scale of each of these types of cities could greatly vary. However, all the smart cities broadly consist of ICT integrated projects in various sectors viz.; Environment, Energy, Transportation, Smart Buildings, Governance and Social Infra.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Smart Cities

ICT: Smart cities are defined by extensive use of

technology to make the cities sustainable and improve the overall quality of life. Such technology dependent initiatives require platforms that allows constant innovation and improvement of existing technologies to increase the overall performance in all sectors including digital technology, automobiles, energy, healthcare and transport systems. ICT forms the fundamental support system for smart cities and it is integrated across different sectors to achieve transparency and efficiency in processes. It can be used to improve power use and distribution, ensure 24/7 water supply, improve efficiency in mobility through intelligent transportation and traffic management, enhance automated surveillance and security systems and enable Wi-Fi powered open spaces and houses for businesses. It can also be implemented for efficient use of scarce resources and real-time tracking of available services. It has the potential to provide quick response in emergencies as well. The scope of integrating ICT is unlimited and it is largely dependent on availability of funds and the set goals and objectives for different cities.

Environment: Smart cities take measures to plan

for future generations while protecting the natural environment and resources to reduce the overall carbon footprint. Some of the major agendas can include: a) Use of Renewable Resources: Smart urban environments require renewable sources of power to reduce dependency on coal for energy generation. b) Promoting mixed-use developments and encouraging

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

walkability: Smart cities include walkable communities where major trips could be completed within a short distance through walking, cycling or public transportation with reduced trip transfers. For this, work spaces and living spaces are located in close proximity to each another. c) Reduction in wastage of resources: Through the use of ICT, smart cities focus on reducing wastage of resources such as water, electricity, etc. by identifying and isolating the source of leakages, controlling peak, non-peak hour usage, identifying equipment needing repairs and/or replacement, etc. They also implement efficient technologies for recycling waste water and solid wastes.

Energy: Efficient energy management is crucial to

a smart city due to its large dependence on power. Smart metering and wireless connected sensors are some of the technologies that have been adopted for energy management. Smart meters allow two-way monitoring from both the utility provider as well as the end-user to monitor consumption, peak hour loads, etc. These systems provide necessary information to the citizens to help manage their tariffs. Additionally, smart cities also use smart grids, which are power grids that are integrated with controls, automation and new technologies to allow efficient transmission of power, quicker restoration of power outages, reduce overall operation and management costs and integrate renewable energy systems. In addition to this, they give financial incentives to the consumers to shift the electrical demand during off-peak hours. Overall, smart grids offer opportunities to save energy while

reducing dependency on fossil fuels. According to 12th plan energy projections, only about two-thirds of our total energy needs will be produced domestically by the year 2021-22. Dependency on imports will be essential to bridge the energy demand and supply gap. Energy intensive smart cities will only spike up the already heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy production, unless renewable fuel alternatives are available. Currently, only 2% of Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy generation can be attributed to renewable sources. There is an immediate need to develop technologies to increase dependence on alternative energy sources to make smart cities financially and ecologically viable. Coal-based energy supply cannot be a long-term solution for an initiative that aims to be sustainable in its approach.

Transportation: Smart cities provide seamless

integrated public transportation networks across multiple modes including rail, metro, bus and non-motorized transportation (walking, cycling). Ideally, ICT is integrated with the transport networks to allow real time tracking and increase citizensâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; access to information on transportation. Guided parking and volume-based traffic control systems aid in addressing traffic challenges and improving mobility. Other measures to provide smart transportation solutions may include smart cards, asset and fleet management, toll and parking management. Smart cities also promote the use of low polluting vehicles and EVs. Land-use planning is integrated with transportation planning to reduce trip distances and increase walkability. Enhanced urban design of the streets ||www.electricalmirror.net||

support high pedestrian activity and engagement of people with the surrounding spaces, activities.

Buildings: Smart cities include buildings that are

sustainable in terms of the materials used and construction techniques employed, to reduce the overall carbon footprint. Intelligent systems, which include sensors and control systems, can optimize the overall building energy usage, along with the efficient use and mgt of utilities. Smart building tech’s can help reduce maintenance costs and enhance occupiers comfort, health and safety.

Governance: Governance becomes a crucial part of the implementation and sustenance of a smart city. Smart cities include an integrated governance system that employs technology for ease of movement of information and efficiency in all of its processes across several departments. E-services, social media, applications and other platforms allow interaction between the govt and its citizens whilst keeping the latter engaged and updated about the latest developments. Social infra: health and education: According to

the report by the high-powered expert committee mentioned earlier, a total investment of about INR 39.2 lakh Cr will be required over the next 20 years to meet the infra deficits and service delivery shortcomings. Urban services like water supply, sewerage, solid waste management, storm water drains etc., would require at least 20% of the total anticipated investment. Construction, operation and maintenance of new and existing infra will also be critical. However, given the current rates of investment in urban infra, there is likely to be a huge shortfall in meeting anticipated demand. In addition to the physical infra, the new cities will need heavy investment in social infra (which includes housing, education, healthcare and entertainment among others). Securing funding to implement such large-scale infra developments will be crucial and a challenging task. Access to quality social infra (primarily health; education), is crucial for every city. Smart cities provide these services with the integration of technology to reduce expenses, where possible, and provide timely support. Moreover, a highly skilled environment that is created through a smart city, requires skilled human capital necessary to support and sustain the cities for the future.

Skilled human capital: Smart cities require ‘smart’

citizens to run and maintain the cities as well. The working population needs to be prepared for the employment opportunities that the cities will provide. In addition to this, they need to embrace the innovations, adapt and engage. Access to quality education and training, and other necessary support and guidance will be critical. Capacity building to improve the skills of personnel in relevant govt ||www.electricalmirror.net||

agencies is also required for quick absorption of various new technological interventions in the govt processes. Future cities need to simultaneously and continuously provide the right env. for innovation, productivity enhancement, thereby providing employment opportunities for the new population. Smart cities introduce a new paradigm in the way cities are envisioned. There is no singular definition for a ‘Smart’ city; however, it can be identified by certain characteristics. A smart city should ideally offer swift seamless mobility, round the clock accessibility to urban services, access to quality healthcare, education, jobs, affordable housing. Smart cities aim to reduce anticipated complexities, expenses that accompany future urbanization. Hence, integration of ICT, energy efficiency, sustainability forms the backbone of these cities. For enabling and supporting these initiatives, the smart cities also require accountable, empowered ULBs. Overall, smart cities promise to provide a quality of life that can support future generations sustainably.

Smart Cities Mission

Smart Cities Mission which envisions the smart development of select Indian cities is one of the premier initiatives of the central govt. The mission was launched by the govt in June 2015 with the release of guidelines and a mission statement for the 100 Smart Cities project. The mission has been allotted a budget of Rs 480 bn for 5 years. While the concept of a smart city lacks a clear, set definition, it is widely accepted that it varies from city to city, and essentially involves “urbanizing” cities. Thus, “smart” is a relative term. The extent of “smart” features required to be put in place in a city will depend on the existing level of development as well as the targeted level of development. An examination of smart city proposals reveals that a holistic approach has been proposed across cities, in a bid to renew the entire urban ecosystem. The mission aims for comprehensive development of the selected cities, at the institutional, physical, social and economic infra levels. After the first round of selection of 20 cities was concluded, the govt announced 13 new cities in second round in May’16. Detailed plans have been chalked out for these 33 cities in terms of their smart development.

Focus areas

33 cities selected under the mission have different focus areas, depending on the current level of infra development. Across these cities, there are over 1,500 projects worth at least Rs 720 bn (the cost of only those projects has been considered of which information was available) across a vast variety of sectors such as energy, mobility, housing, water supply and sewerage systems, waste management, safety and security, governance, education, health care, public amenities, rainwater harvesting, etc. Projects to be undertaken in the cities essentially fall under the broad categories of infra development and ICT initiatives. Key projects typical in the mobility sector include traffic mgt systems, smart parking systems, development of roads and non-motor transport corridors, e-rickshaws, etc. In the energy sector, most projects involve the installation of consumption meters, deployment of supervisory control and data acquisition and other similar technologies, tapping of RE sources, etc. A no of housing projects involves slum redevelopment as well as construction of new housing societies. With regard to water and sewerage systems, the routine type of projects are those for the provision of 24×7 water supply, smart metering, installation of energy-efficient pumps, etc. In this space, there are also projects related to the development of sewerage systems and wastewater recycling. Waste management is another area that has a significant number of projects. Those for geotagging of bins, door-to-door waste collection, solid waste mgt systems, etc. are common across a number of selected cities. A number of proposed projects also involve the installation of safety and security systems. Some of these are the installation of fire hydrants, equip. for firefighting, disaster mgt systems, and the deployment of closed-circuit television cameras on the streets. Other key projects pertain to digitization of classroom learning in schools, creation of healthcare centres, development of parks and recreational areas, street lighting, rainwater harvesting, restoration of heritage monuments and sites, etc.

SPVs

The key implementing agency of any given smart city project will be the special purpose vehicle (SPV) that is to be established for each city. A typical SPV will be headed by a full-time chief executive officer and its board will comprise nominees from the central govt, as well as the respective state govts and ULBs. The SPV will plan, appraise, approve, release funds for, implement, manage, operate, monitor and evaluate the smart city development projects. State govts & ULBs are mandated to ensure that a dedicated and substantial revenue stream is made available to the SPV so as to make it self-sustainable and to enable it to evolve its own creditworthiness for raising additional resources from the market. Project execution can be through joint ventures, subsidiaries, PPPs, turnkey contracts,

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Smart Cities

etc. suitably dovetailed to revenue streams. As present, barring the New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC), Chennai and Coimbatore, all the other cities (of the 20 announced in the first round) have SPVs in place. Formation of SPVs for the 13 cities announced in the second round will be undertaken soon.

Financing

An investment of Rs 508.02 bn was proposed for the 20 cities announced in the first round. For the 13 cities announced in the second round a total investment of Rs 302.29 bn has been planned. Together, these 33 cities selected under the mission entail an investment of at least Rs 800 bn. Clearly, the financing requirements are huge. As per the SCPs of various cities, the main sources of funds are outlays by the central govt (under the Smart Cities Mission) and those by the respective state govts. Besides, funds are also likely to be diverted from the ongoing schemes of the central and state govts. While at the state level these schemes may vary, some important central schemes that will financially assist projects proposed in the SCPs are the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (housing projects), the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation & Urban Transformation (for transportation/mobility projects, water supply, etc.), Digital India (for ICT implementation/egovernance projects), Skill India, the Integrated Power Development Scheme (for power projects), the Swachh Bharat Mission, the MNRE Solar City Mission, the National Urban Livelihoods Mission, and the National Health Mission. Convergence with such schemes will be an important source of financing for the Smart Cities

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

Mission. Further, international funding agencies such as the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank are also key sources of funds, and some financial commitments have been made for select cities. Private sector participation (through PPP projects) will also be crucial to bring in finances from the private sector. One of the most critical aspects of the Smart Cities Mission is the mobilization of funds for the planned projects. Based on the estimates of the High-Powered Expert Committee on Investment, the requirement for financing smart cities is as much as Rs 350 bn annually for the next 2 decades. Factors such as fiscal limitations of the govt at both the central and state levels, the poor financial health of most ULBs in the country, and the problems associated with the PPP model reflect the need to depart from regular financing models and graduate to the formulation of innovative funding solutions. Until some headway is made in this direction, the private sector (which has the potential to be a game changer) will not be interested in investing its funds in this space. Confidence building is one way the govt can undertake the task at hand. Recently, in a bid to “crowd in” investments from the private sector, the centre revealed the progress on the credit rating of ULBs of those cities that have been included in the Smart Cities Mission as well as the AMRUT. The idea is to grade the ULBs in terms of their financials, so that efforts of raising funds from the market through bond issuances garner investor interest. A total of 94 cities were accorded credit ratings. Of these, 55 received investment grade ratings. Of the total 20 ratings that

range from AAA to D, ULBs that have a grade of BBB- and above are investment grade. Cities that are ranked below this level are required to undertake the necessary interventions to improve their financial standing. Credit ratings are assigned based on assets and liabilities of the ULBs, their revenue streams, resources available for capital investments, and accounting and governance practices. It is pertinent to note that in addition to the credit rating of ULBs, ratings for individual projects (for which resources are to be mobilized) too have a significant impact on the channelization of funds. Another noteworthy step has been the introduction of the value capture financing (VCF) model by the Ministry of Urban Development in Feb’17. It is planned that VCF will be an integral part of the detailed project report of all central govt projects. Globally used model is based on the govt’s right to claim a part of the increase in asset value resulting from its investment decisions. In other words, govt investment towards developing public infra often leads to rapid economic development in those areas, resulting in high land prices. A VCF framework opens a channel for the govt to tap into this increment through various means such as the imposition of additional taxes, development charges, etc. and in turn utilize the funds thus raised to finance future projects. The fund requirement for the Smart Cities Mission is large and while the govt is extending financial support through various schemes such as AMRUT (which converge with the mission), it has limited fiscal capacity. In light of this, private participation is an absolute must. However, the poor uptake of ||www.electricalmirror.net||

the PPP model may have a significant impact on the financing for the mission. While the Kelkar Committee has recommended ways to fix the model, it may take a while before this is actually done. The recent credit rating exercise is expected to increase some investor confidence, and is likely to translate into fund flow. VCF is another laudable step that is expected to pay off and open up new avenues for capital recycling. That said, a host of factors will have a bearing on the bankability of projects. The cost of funds, financial design of projects, and contractual clauses will need to be meticulously incorporated into project conceptualization. Often, problems in these areas are overlooked in the appraisal process and this leads to capital being locked in and further prevents fresh investment.

Risks

There are certain risks that could impact the successful implementation of the Smart Cities Mission. For instance, the digital divide that exists among citizens poses a risk of non-inclusion of those without access to the internet. These citizens are not likely to benefit from the potential gain from those projects that involve ICT implementation for better services. On the capacity side, the implementation of SCPs will require skills that are not available across various govt agencies and will routinely require the formulation of strategies to deal with day-to-day challenges.

Opportunities

The scale of the mission is immense, given the involvement of the govt machinery and the task at hand. This is also an opportunity for various stakeholders. According to the National Association of Software and Services Companies, the Smart Cities Mission can create business opportunities worth $30 bn-$40 bn for the information technology industry over the next five to ten years. These opportunities will emanate from the ICT-based projects that are planned to be taken up across all the selected cities. There will also be tremendous scope for urban planners, equipment and technology providers, etc. However, certain issues need to be addressed before the transformation of a city into a smart city is possible. The current situation reflects fragmented accountability where cities are subject to rules and regulations drawn up by the centre, state and district administrations. Also, not all departments that operate in a city have a central command and thus departments are often not coordinated. The approach for developing these cities into their “smart” versions calls for a concerted effort by all the stakeholders involved. Approaching the mission in silos will only serve to thwart it. The successful implementation of the Smart Cities Mission rests crucially on a collective approach by the govt (central and the resp. states) and the citizens. Political will and the technical capability to engage citizens in policymaking will shape these urban ||www.electricalmirror.net||

centres. In this sense, building social capital is of prime importance. Technology is another crucial factor which will bridge the existing gaps in the system, as well as enhance efficiency and governance levels. Given the fact that the Indian economy is being increasingly driven by highly skilled services such as IT, telecom, engineering and knowledge services, there is tremendous potential to utilize and develop the available human capital and skills for incubating

future innovations in ICT integration. In addition to this, the political will and commitment of the central govt promises to bring in large-scale reforms to support the smart cities initiative. ICT is the basic infra for all the smart cities. There is no limitation on the collaborations and innovations that can be adopted across various departments and with multiple stakeholders. ICT enables the city and the governance to bring in participation from the citizens and integrate their inputs in the processes. By extending community participation, it not only empowers the citizens, but it also allows them to develop a sense of ownership of their cities. Thus, the smart cities initiative would result in sustainable and thriving Indian cities; new and old, if implemented properly with active involvement of all stakeholders.

Update on the Smart Cities Mission

Smart Cities Mission, one of the pioneering projects of the central govt, was launched in July 2015. So far, the govt has selected 60 cities in three rounds. In Round I, 20 cities were selected, followed by 13

in the Fast Track Round, and 27 in Round II. With regard to the mission’s progress on the ground, projects worth Rs 1,321.97 bn were approved between Jan & Dec’16 for the cities selected so far. In Union Budget 2017-18, the govt allocated Rs 40 bn for the mission. Meanwhile, cities that failed to make it to the previous lists and are competing in the 3rd round are making significant headway in terms of preparations to compete in the upcoming round. Cities such as Bengaluru, Ghaziabad, Bilaspur, Oulgaret and Thiruvananthapuram are expected to be selected. Some cities, such as Bareilly, Rajkot, Dahod, Karnal and Muzaffarpur are in the process of citizen engagement and are receiving public comments for finalising their smart city proposals. While it was earlier stated that the cities selected in the third round will be announced by Mar’17, there is no further update from the govt.

Institutional progress

Tracking the progress of the mission, in terms of SPVs set up, during Nov’16-Feb’17, 26 cities had incorporated their SPVs. All the cities chosen in the first round have established SPVs and are moving ahead with project execution, as envisaged in their respective smart city plans. However, some cities such as the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) are facing issues and are believed to be lagging behind the planned project execution schedule. Cities such as Rourkela and Tirupati are in the process of finalizing project mgt consultants.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Smart Cities

while work on another 49 is in progress. However, work on a significant portion (about 53%) of the planned projects is yet to be initiated. Other projects are at various stages of initiation. The execution of smart city projects in cities such as Ahmedabad, Surat, Coimbatore, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Nagpur, Kochi, Davangere, Bhopal, Visakhapatnam and Belagavi are progressing at a fair pace. Considering the sector-wise split of all the projects, as per the MoUD, the maximum investment is expected to be witnessed in the housing sector (Rs 100 bn), followed by urban transport (Rs 72 bn), and area-based development (Rs 68 bn). Energy, water supply, and information technology connectivity are other areas likely to witness significant fund flow.

Major Issues and Challenges

Project progress

As of Jan’17, there are about 731 projects across the 60 cities, entailing an investment of about Rs 463 bn. Of the total investment, over 54% (Rs 250 bn) pertains to works related to core infra creation (under area-based development), while 12% (Rs 54.68 bn) is for projects involving the setting up of smart solutions. The remaining 34% (Rs 158 bn) is for projects that relate to pan-city and non-core infra creation. Of the total projects, 24 have been completed,

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

As the selected cities in the Smart Cities Mission are pulling loose strings together and making headway in the execution of smart city projects, the challenges involved cannot be disregarded. The concept of a smart city is gaining traction in India slowly, and thus the newly set up SPVs are facing teething issues. Financing remains a lacuna, and is expected to be addressed through the issuance of bonds and greater participation from the private sector. For this to happen, however, the initial push has to be provided by govt entities. India is currently lagging seriously behind on sustainability of its urban areas for a variety of reasons that range from overcrowding and congestion to poor quality and grossly inadequate infra resulting in polluted & decaying living environs. Consequently, there are a no of challenges in retrofitting and even developing new smart cities. The most prominent ones are: The Right Model for Smart Cities in India’s SocioPolitical Context: Smart cities are largely being projected as an epitome of India’s educated citizens’ aspirations. It is feared that it will lead to non-inclusive developments; smart cities will meet the requirements of only the educated middle class and their aspirations, and there will be profitable real-estate ventures in the form of restricted enclaves. Opportunities for marginalized groups will not be created in such an urban environment as it may not yield economic returns. There has been no consensus on defining the indicators for an Indian Smart City till date. This may result in fragmented concepts of smart cities being implemented, leading to further exclusion. Social Acceptability, Livability and Sustainability Concerns: The Smart City Mission lacks clarity in its conceptualization. The focus seems to be on technology implementation, without an overall framework to understand the need and impact of the same. There is a lack of clarity in understanding the end (Smart City) and the means to reach the end (ICT). The image of smart cities is projected as heavily instrumented and automated. Also, there are concerns over the privacy

and security of sensitive personal data being accessible by unintended users. This raises issues related to livability in a smart city and its acceptability in India’s social context. The resource requirements, including energy and its associated environmental impact in an instrumented city raise concerns on the environmental sustainability of these cities. Convergence with Other Urban Sector Programs: There is ambiguity on whether the initiatives under the Smart Cities Mission will be one-time investments with asset creation as a goal or whether it will be an approach to introduce certain critical structural reforms in the way Indian cities are planned and managed. Recent developments suggest that there are some convergences between the Mission and the New Urban Rejuvenation Mission. Similarly, programs such as the Swatch Bharat Mission should be aligned with and complement the Smart Cities Mission. However, a clear roadmap is required. Adequate incorporation of the spatial aspect of a city is of critical importance12. In addition to these concerns, how the smart cities programme will anchor and drive growth in the larger hinterland, is not clear. Roadmap, Process and Scale of the Smart Cities Mission: If the Smart Cities Mission is an attempt to upgrade existing cities and prepare them for the future, then there is a need for a universal approach/ framework to be developed under the Mission. The design and development of a sustainable, economically viable framework will help in achieving a city’s growth objectives in a participatory and inclusive way. Currently, the notes released by GoI do not provide information on any such framework. Also, the on-ground projects named Smart Cities, across the world, show that India needs to appropriate internationally practiced approaches to suit the scale, size and context of its cities. The selection of cities as pilots under the Smart Cities Mission has been widely understood as a political decision. There is a need for a more objective process to be followed in selecting cities to better ensure their success and enhance the possibility of replication in other cities. Funding Strategy for Smart Cities: It is anticipated that developing smart cities will entail substantial investments, which will be locked-in for a long term, and in turn shape India’s urban future. According to the High Powered Empowered Committee on Urban Infra (HPEC), INR 7 lakh crore is required for the next 20 years to bridge the existing gaps in India’s urban infra. This amounts to INR 35000 crore per year13. The need for private sector investment in urban development, including smart cities, is thus important. Without an urban development policy and an urban planning framework, private sector dominance at this juncture of urbanization is indeed a challenging situation due to the following reasons: Private sector (real estate ||www.electricalmirror.net||

developers, IT CoS, etc.) investment will be ad hoc and will be driven mainly by profit motive. Foreign capital will only be targeting investments that have higher rate of return, and many public services may not fall in this realm. These investments will ensure return on risk, and will rely on financially sustainable business models. The regulatory, financial and institutional env. is still not geared for this type of investment. Without a substantial share of funding coming from GoI and states govts, ULBs in poor financial health will be deemed as unattractive, even if there is growth potential. This may further lead to favoritism with more funds being given to richer states and richer ULBs. ` Programme Design, Operationalization and Institutional Arrangements: Any new programme or scheme proposed by the Central govt should be in cognizance with the fact that the governance of a city is a State Subject (under the Constitution). The problems with previous programs that the Mission needs to address include: Lack of capacity in smaller cities to implement urban development programs. The existence of a big-city bias is evident from JNNURM evaluation studies. GoIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s control over programme implementation and sanctioning of funds may lead to delays. Studies have indicated that involvement of higher levels of govt increasingly affect the process of empowerment of local bodies. Lack of use of participatory approach in capturing a local communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs and local solutions. The role of ULBs in program design, operationalization are limited. Programs generally lack critical inclusion aspects. More opportunities for livelihood do not automatically translate into inclusion, especially gender concerns. Planning tools used in programs (such as CDPs under JNNURM) fell short of effectively linking city growth plans with its spatial character. Use of template-based and over-simplified retrofitting city

||www.electricalmirror.net||

growth models resulted in less contextualized plan targets and generalized strategies. Fragmented nature of programme implementation led to non-achievement of some of the key agendas such as creation of world class cities. Selection procedure of cities and towns and geographical and population coverage are critical factors in determining a programâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s success. Previous urban development programs were found to be lacking in this aspect. This is partially responsible for the non-fulfilment of their respective dev. agendas. Sectorial bias led to over-emphasis of certain types of infra creation. For eg, 63% of the JNNURM funding was received by water supply, drainage, sewerage sector in Mission cities. Capacity of Institutions to deliver Technology-centric Reforms: The last decade saw the initiation of e-governance programs as part of the municipal reform agenda. While there are positive structural changes that have taken place through the implementation of these programs, some of the major challenges they faced are mentioned below: Creating and retaining a capable human resource pool, especially at the small and medium town levels. Creating capacity and motivating staff across ULBs to use technologyenabled tools. Continuing the use of manual systems of capturing data and complaints in parallel with computerized systems, creating dual databases. Poor Governance Structures: Delivering good governance has been emphasized as a key agenda of GoI. The fact that technology can be an enabler in fostering good governance characteristics has been recognized by govts and experts. However, technology in itself is not neutral. It works in certain contexts and yield results accordingly. Urban local govts in India have limited financial autonomy and the capacity to raise resources. The municipal govts are dependent

on fiscal transfers. Several studies have identified fragmented institutional set-ups and overlapping jurisdictional responsibilities as a hindrance in smooth implementation of projects and their service delivery to citizens. Additionally, the poor operation and maintenance of the existing assets has resulted in further problems. The governance structures need massive restructuring to undertake a major project such as the implementation of smart cities. There needs to be a shift away from state-centric planning to a more decentralized but regionally inclusive approach. The urban local bodies need to be strengthened to be financially sustainable to undertake large-scale projects that provide effective local level solutions. There is a need to develop a shared design vision between different govt bodies to support efficient implementation. Finally, there is also a strong need to ensure that those in govt are suitably trained and geared up for: speedy responses to the real-time problems, and flexibility and imaginativeness to evolving demands of citizens. Thus, the govt needs to constantly evolve to adapt to the changing needs and respond to its citizens, thereby making them accountable and transparent at the same time.

Complex Social Structures: Urban India hosts dense and highly populated microcosms of different population groups classified on the basis of religion, caste, community, social status, occupations, origins, beliefs, etc. On top of that, most large cities have half or more of their population dwelling in slums. Smart cities need to be able to cater to these diverse client groups whilst ensuring that their privacy and security are not compromised on. Further, all services and infra have to be affordable for all sections of the population and these cities should not become gated communities meant for a privileged lot.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Home Automation

Global Home Automation Market: An Overview

evenue in the Smart Home market amounts to US$870m in 2018. Revenue is expected to show an annual growth rate (CAGR 2018-2022) of 59.0, resulting in a market volume of US$5,559m in 2022. Household penetration is at 0.8 % in 2018 and is expected to hit 7.2 % by 2022. The average revenue per installed Smart Home currently amounts to US$97.59. A global comparison reveals that most revenue is generated in the United States (US$18,877m in 2018).

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

$75 Bn Growth Opportunities

The global home automation market is expected to reach an estimated $75.2 bn by 2022 with a CAGR of 11.4% from 2017 to 2022. The future of the home automation market looks attractive with opportunities in the safety and security, HVAC, entertainment, and lighting control applications. The major growth drivers for this market are increasing consumer need for simplicity and a personalized experience, growing awareness related to safety and security, and the adaption of cloud-based technologies. The Smart Home market constitutes the sale of networked devices and related services that enable home automation for private end users (B2C). Considered are devices that are connected directly or indirectly via a so-called gateway to the Internet. Their main purposes are the control, monitoring and regulation of functions in a private household. The remote control and monitoring of individual devices and, if applicable, their direct communication with one another (Internet of Things), is an essential component of intelligent home automation. Therefore, services which are necessary for the maintenance or control of the household network are also considered, e.g. subscription fees for control apps or external monitoring services. The worldwide revenue of US$33.4 bn in 2017 is expected to increase to US$112.8 bn by 2022. Emerging trends, which have a direct impact on the dynamics of the home automation industry, include growing demand for internet of things (IoT) technology in home automation systems, development of video enabled drones, and constant developments in security technology products such as smart cameras and various sensors and detectors. Home automation CoS profiled in this market include

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ADT Corporation, Control4 Corporation, United Technologies Corporation, Honeywell, Johnson Control, Siemens AG, Acuity Brands, AMX Inc., Monitronics International, and Vivint Inc., are among the major home automation manufacturers. The safety and security market is expected to remain the largest segment due to the increasing need for continuous monitoring services to reduce the risk of crime, burglary, and theft. The entertainment segment is expected to experience the highest growth rate during the forecast period, supported by the increasing need for advanced technology to provide a single platform to deliver a high level of control, flexibility, and the best entertainment experience. Within the home automation market by installation type, managed service is expected to remain the largest installation type due to the increasing demand for 24/7 monitoring services. The researcher predicts that the mainstream segment is expected to experience the highest growth rate during the forecast period because of its easy configuration and lower installation cost. North America is expected to remain the largest region during the forecast period due to the increasing usage of technologies and digitalization in the US and Canada. Asia Pacific is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period because of increasing awareness of safety, security, and energy efficiency.

Smart Homes in India

According to Citizen research conducted by Schneider Electric - Smart Homes are homes which are powered by computing devices and information technology that connect various gadgets and instruments in the house to provide enhanced comfort, convenience, security, and entertainment to residents in a sustainable way.

Once hailed as the domain of the super rich, today most customers seek Smart Homes in some form or the other. The availability of a wide range of high technology products aimed at making life more secure, convenient and comfortable are steadily drawing more and more customers to the concept. The Smart Homes market is fast evolving in the Indian context. Initially Smart Homes were marketed primarily as homes with advanced security features. The market is now evolving into newer areas like lighting systems, gas leakage detectors, fire detection systems, entertainment systems and energy efficiency systems. Therefore, Smart Homes, apart from providing better security, conveniences and comfort to the resident, also provide significant energy savings. It is estimated that the Smart Homes solutions market in India is growing in India at a rate of 30 percent YOY. At this rate, the market will double in revenue every 3 years. The market is therefore, likely to explode over the next few years. Experts believe that security, conveniences and energy efficiency are spurring the growth of Smart Homes in India. With the growing number of working couples in India, especially in metros, more and more homes stand empty for a large portion of the day. This necessitates a large extent of home automation. Increased family incomes are supporting this need. The awareness of Smart Homes is very high amongst all the customers interacted with. Almost all customers met with as part of this study were well aware of Smart Homes. This is universal in metros but slightly lower in non metros. The predisposition to go in for Smart Homes is also very positive in urban India. In upper end homes (ie..outlay of more than INR 5 cr.), almost all home owners want to have Smart Homes. In metros even in middle level homes (ie., sub INR 1 cr outlay), many customers want to go in

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Home Automation

for Smart Home solutions. In non-metros, there are however a few instances of customers who do not want Smart Homes. For these customers, the key barriers are a fear of higher prices and a concern that they weren’t clearly aware of tangible benefits from Smart Homes. The biggest contribution to generating this awareness is currently being made by builders. Customers are becoming aware of Smart Homes by way of seeing model flats, seeing brochures that builders put together showcasing Smart Homes. Apart from builders,another key source of awareness generation for Smart Homes has been the internet. Security is the biggest concern today. If there is a break-in, I should get a message; if the gas is leaking I should get a message. Safety & security is the reason I want to have a Smart Home. It is very important & every house should have it. Awareness of lighting control in Smart Homes is also very high. Apart from these two key features, awareness of Smart Homes’ features is quite low. Moderate recall is seen for entertainment control and other electricity controls. The awareness of services provided under Smart Homes is minimal. No customer was aware of any such features spontaneously, while on prompting a few mentioned that they had heard of such facilities under Smart Homes. Awareness of specific features under Smart Homes When customers speak about specific features under Smart Homes, they primarily talk about security features. However, they also talk about other features. Features that customers are aware of in these specific categories are: Security features - Video (IP) door, Gas leakage, Motion sensors, Dome speaker / Mike. Few mentions of Curtain sensors, Intrusion sensors and Fire control features; Lighting controls - Switching lights from remote control; Entertainment - AV controls. Few mentions of content sharing & information feed; Electrical controls - AC controls. Few mentions of Smart gadgets; Communication tools- Communication with front door and main gate Thus, when talking about Smart Homes, customers mostly talk about security features, digital security, secured homes etc. However, apart from security, customers also talk about convenience related benefits of Smart Homes. Apart from convenience, many customers talk about energy efficiency that Smart Homes can bring about by saving wasteful energy expenditure. Other associations that customers make when envisioning Smart Homes are of sensors, câmeras, automation and status etc. However, these are fewer in number. The primary driver for the acceptance of Smart Homes amongst the urban Indian customer is ‘Security’. Of all customers who want to go in for Smart Homes, 68

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

about half of them are driven by the security assurance that comes with Smart Homes. The top motivators driving acceptance of Smart Homes, are: Security, Convenience, Energy Efficiency. There are no tangible barriers against Smart Homes currently in the Indian market. Those who do not yet want to go for it are driven by 2 key factors: Not sure of cost – fear that it could be very expensive and Not sure of what tangible value it would give As security is the key motivation driving the acceptance of Smart Homes, security features are hygiene to Smart Homes. Customers expect all features which will aid in making their homes more secure. Non delivery on this parameter will make a solution unacceptable to them. All electrical controls like AC controls, Smart gadgets and UPS controls are ‘desire’ factors. Non delivery on this will make them dissatisfied with the solution and delivery on this will add to overall satisfaction. All entertainment controls like AV control, content sharing, content and demand are not really expected by customers and delivery of these features will delight and are therefore ‘delight’ factors. Similarly customers are not expecting any on-campus or off-campus services and information feed and would therefore be delighted to get these facilities. Customers don’t really care much about curtain controls, video conferencing and communication between rooms, communication across floors etc. All customers who are positively disposed to Smart Homes are willing to spend 1% or more of the total outlay for the house on the Smart Home solution. Most of the customers interviewed in this study were willing to pay 1% while many were willing to 2 to 3%. Many customers, especially in the upper end houses (more than INR 5 cr outlay) are willing to spend as much as 5% of their house cost on the Smart Homes solution. They also expect all features and all controls to be incorporated in their Smart Home. Awareness of Smart Homes is very high amongst customers almost universally in metros and upper end target audience segments The predisposition is also very positive with almost all customers in upper end homes wanting to go for some extent of Smart Home solutions. Currently the largest drivers for Smart Homes are Security, Convenience, Energy efficiency. There are no significant barriers, except fear of cost and not sure of real value they will get. Acceptable price is ~1% and could go upto 5% of the value of the property.

Smart Home Market

The Smart Home market constitutes the sale of networked devices and related services that enable home automation for private end users (B2C). Considered are devices that are connected directly

or indirectly via a so-called gateway to the Internet. Their main purposes are the control, monitoring and regulation of functions in a private household. The remote control and monitoring of individual devices and, if applicable, their direct communication with one another (Internet of Things), is an essential component of intelligent home automation. Therefore, services which are necessary for the maintenance or control of the household network are also considered, e.g. subscription fees for control apps or external monitoring services. Smart Home solutions can roughly be divided into two groups:

Integrated Smart Home: A single occupant home or households in multi-unit dwellings that are equipped with a central control unit (gateway) which is connected to the Internet and from which a large number of networked devices can be connected with one another. Integrated Smart Homes use devices from at least two market segments. Stand-alone Smart Home: An isolated application that does not necessarily use a central control unit, serves a single purpose and can be directly controlled (e.g. via a router) from a smart device. Included are all Smart Homes that include devices from only one segment. Devices whose primary function is not the automation or remote control of household equipment, e.g. smartphones and tablets, are not included here. Similarly, devices that relate to household connection and remote control only to a limited extent, such as smart TVs, are not included either. The market is split into the following segments: Control and Connectivity: The Smart Home

segment Control and Connectivity includes the essential equipment (connected and remote-control devices) and services that are part of an intelligent home network. The segment includes smart speakers (Amazon Echo, Google Home, etc.), central control and communication units (hub/gateway), programmable control buttons (e.g. wall switches and adjustable dials) and smart plugs for the control of non-smart devices. Revenues are also generated from services that support these hardware elements such as control apps and connectivity services.

In-scope: Gateways/hubs that are capable of

controlling devices of all segments; Smart speakers with a primary focus on control and digital assistants; Control buttons and smart plugs/sockets;

Out-of-scope: Connected home appliances (see Smart

Appliances); Multiroom speaker systems with a primary focus on entertainment; Smartphones, tablets and smart gardening devices; B2B/C2C sales of any kind (e.g. to hotels or office buildings).

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Home Automation

Highlights: Revenue in the Control and Connectivity

segment amounts to US$9,143m in 2018. Revenue is expected to show an annual growth rate (CAGR 2018-2022) of 21.9 %, resulting in a market volume of US$20,211m in 2022. Household penetration is at 4.9 % in 2018 and is expected to hit 14.8 % by 2022. The average revenue per Smart Home in the Control and Connectivity segment currently amounts to US$130.59. A global comparison reveals that most revenue is generated in the United States (US$4,074m in 2018).

Comfort and Lighting: The Smart Home segment

Comfort and Lighting includes devices for the improvement of the living atmosphere. These are devices such as sensors and actuators (e.g. door and window sensors, shutters) as well as connected and remote controllable light sources (smart bulbs) or garage door controls.

In-scope: digitally connected and controlled devices

for living atmosphere improvement; smart lighting/bulbs; window/door sensors, shading devices, garage door controls;

Out-of-scope: control buttons, gateways/hubs; smart

TVs; B2B/C2C sales of any kind (e.g. to hotels or office buildings).

highlights: Revenue in the Comfort and Lighting

segment amounts to US$4,419m in 2018. Revenue is expected to show an annual growth rate (CAGR 2018-2022) of 28.0 %, resulting in a market volume of US$11,870m in 2022. Household penetration is at 3.6 % in 2018 and is expected to hit 10.6 % by 2022. The average revenue per Smart Home in the Comfort and Lighting segment currently amounts to US$84.81. A global comparison reveals that most revenue is generated in the United States (US$1,635m in 2018). In the Comfort and Lighting segment, the number of active households is expected to amount to 155.5m by 2022.

Security: The Smart Home segment Security includes

the sale of devices and services for networked access control and management for buildings and premises. This includes surveillance products (e.g. security cameras and related data storage and transmission services, motion sensors, programmable and remote control door locks) as well as equipment for risk monitoring (connected smoke detectors and humidity sensors).

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

In-scope: digitally connected and controlled devices

for burglar prevention and other security issues; motion sensors, door locks, security cameras (with or without face recognition); surveillance services with connection to a broader smart home; hazard prevention devices like water, smoke or gas sensors;

Out-of-scope: classical security devices without smart

home connection; B2B/C2C sales of any kind (e.g. to hotels or office buildings);

Highlights: Revenue in the Security segment amounts

to US$9,960m in 2018. Revenue is expected to show an annual growth rate (CAGR 2018-2022) of 24.2 %, resulting in a market volume of US$23,725m in 2022. Household penetration is at 3.1 % in 2018 and is expected to hit 7.9 % by 2022. The average revenue per Smart Home in the Security segment currently amounts to US$222.67. A global comparison reveals that most revenue is generated in the United States (US$4,514m in 2018). In the Security segment, the number of active households is expected to amount to 115.8m by 2022.

Home Entertainment: The Smart Home segment

Home Entertainment comprises the sale of products and services for multi-room entertainment (e.g. sound systems) as well as connected remote controls. General, freely programmable buttons and switches (see Control and Connectivity) or light bulbs for different lighting scenarios (see Comfort and Lighting) are not included. Smart TVs are also not considered here because their functions are, in most cases, not directly controlled via the Internet but networking is primarily used for the retrieval of media content.

In-scope: digitally connected and controlled devices

for entertainment purposes; various multiroom entertainment systems (audio and/or video) with a primary focus on entertainment (e.g. Sonos); entertainment remotes;

Out-of-scope: classical entertainment devices without

smart home connection; Smart TVs and receivers without smart home integration; Smart speakers with a primary focus on control and connectivity (Amazon Echo, Google Home etc.); B2B/C2C sales of any kind (e.g. to hotels or office buildings);

Highlights: Revenue in the Home Entertainment

segment amounts to US$6,794m in 2018. Revenue is expected to show an annual growth rate (CAGR

2018-2022) of 21.7 %, resulting in a market volume of US$14,882m in 2022. Household penetration is at 2.8 % in 2018 and is expected to hit 7.4 % by 2022. The average revenue per Smart Home in the Home Entertainment segment currently amounts to US$167.36. A global comparison reveals that most revenue is generated in the United States (US$2,982m in 2018). In the Home Entertainment segment, the number of active households is expected to amount to 107.9m by 2022.

Energy Management: The Smart Home segment

Energy Management covers the sale of products and services for the control and reduction of energy consumption (e.g. automated heating control and timers) as well as connected sensors (e.g. temperature, sunlight, and precipitation sensors). Networked light bulbs (see Comfort and Lighting) and smart sockets/plugs (see Control and Connectivity) are not included. Unlike in previous releases, smart plugs are no longer part of this segment but can now be found in the Control and Connectivity segment. Smart Meters are not part of our Smart Home market.

In-scope: digitally connected and controlled

devices for energy saving; thermostats, radiator controls, temperature/wind/humidity sensors with connection to a broader smart home; weather forecast services with connection to a broader smart home;

Out-of-scope: bulbs, window and door sensors (see

Comfort and Lighting); connected household appliances (see Smart Appliances); B2B/C2C sales of any kind (e.g. to hotels or office buildings);

Highlights: Revenue in the Energy Management

segment amounts to US$3,948m in 2018. Revenue is expected to show an annual growth rate (CAGR 2018-2022) of 24.7 %, resulting in a market volume of US$9,547m in 2022. Household penetration is at 2.4 % in 2018 and is expected to hit 6.5 % by 2022. The average revenue per Smart Home in the Energy Management segment currently amounts to US$113.80. A global comparison reveals that most revenue is generated in the United States (US$1,358m in 2018). In the Energy Management segment, the number of active households is expected to amount to 94.9m by 2022.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Smart Appliances: The Smart Home segment Smart Appliances includes connected versions of all kinds of household appliances. This includes large appliances (fridges, washing machines, ovens etc.) as well as small appliances (microwaves, coffee machines, vacuum robots etc.), provided they are connected to the internet. An indirect connection via a local network is also possible, as long as the remote access and control of the respective appliances via the connection is given. This segment does not include smart gardening robots such as mowing robots. In-scope: Directly or indirectly internet-controllable

household appliances; Large appliances such as fridges, washing machines, dish washers, ovens; Small appliances such as coffee machines, vacuum robots, microwaves;

Out-of-scope: Any other smart home device

(partially also referred to as “appliances”); Smart gardening: mowing robots;Any non-connected household appliances; B2B/C2C sales of any kind (e.g. to hotels or office buildings);

Highlights: Revenue in the Smart Appliances

segment amounts to US$11,988m in 2018. Revenue is expected to show an annual growth rate (CAGR 2018-2022) of 28.4 %, resulting in a market volume of US$32,588m in 2022. Household penetration is at 3.5 % in 2018 and is expected to hit 10.6 % by 2022. The average revenue per Smart Home in the Smart Appliances segment currently amounts to US$241.14. A global comparison reveals that most revenue is generated in the United States (US$4,315m in 2018). In the Smart Appliances segment, the number of active households is expected to amount to 155.3m by 2022.

IoT and automation platforms

Home Automation systems are largely classified into BUS systems and Wireless Systems. A bus system has various platforms for communication such as C Bus, SCS Bus, RS 485, TCP/ IP, KNX and various proprietary bus protocols. Bus based systems are more robust and better suited for new installations. In KNX it is possible to put together a system by sourcing different products from different manufacturers. While this may offer the customer a wider range of options, the drawback is that there is no single manufacturer who is responsible for system and the system integrator is your only bet. Wireless systems are based on RF, Wi-Fi, Zigbee or Zwave technologies. RF technologies in the 433 MHz range are quite over crowded. The RF 868 is a better option. Z Wave and Zigbee have the advantage of mesh type networks bringing greater reliability to the installation. Hundreds of CoS are on the Zigbee and Zwave platform though they are not necessarily compatible with each other. Many Indian and Chinese ||www.electricalmirror.net||

products have emerged using the humble Wi-Fi. It is very cost effective but we all know the reliability and security issues related to Wi-Fi. Wireless systems are best suited for retro-fits. British entrepreneur Kevin Ashton first coined the term in 1999 while working at the Auto-ID Labs. Typically, IoT is expected to offer advanced connectivity of devices, systems, and services that goes beyond M2M and covers a variety of protocols, domains, and applications. The interconnection of these embedded devices (including smart objects), is expected to usher in automation in nearly all fields, while also enabling advanced applications like a Smart Grid and expanding to the areas such as smart homes and smart cities] “Things,” in the IoT sense, can refer to a wide variety of devices such as heart monitoring implants, biochip transponders on farm animals, electric clams in coastal waters, automobiles with built-in sensors, or field operation devices that assist firefighters in search and rescue operations. These devices collect useful data with the help of various existing technologies and then autonomously flow the data between other devices. Current market examples include smart thermostat systems and washer/dryers that use Wi-Fi for remote monitoring. Home automation appealing context for the Internet of Things (IoT). We envisage future home environments with self-configured embedded sensors and actuators (e.g., in consumer electronic products and systems) that can be controlled remotely through the Internet, enabling a variety of monitoring and control applications. Manufacturers will produce their own IP gateways so that proprietary domotic systems can be interfaced with an IPv4 enabled Ethernet socket. By connecting the IP gateway directly to the Internet or through a home/residential gateway, the domotic system can be managed remotely using a PC, Smartphone or Tablet.

Future of home automation

The home automation market in India rests on two factors- lifestyle and functionality, with each playing upon the other or coming together in different markets. In metro cities like Delhi or Mumbai, the home automation market is driven by an affluent lifestyle whereas, in a market like Bangalore, it is driven by the functional aspects of the solution. Tier II & III cities in India like Surat, Vadodara, Jaipur, Surat, Kochi, Coimbatore, and Indore which have a high percolation of HNIs too are witnessing demand for lifestyle automation products. The automation solutions have gained popularity among luxury property developers who are now providing automation like automatic gates, surveillance system and automated switches as value added proposition. The user has the option of scaling it based on his further requirement and desire. With the rapidly increasing purchasing power clubbed with the exposures to technology and lifestyles’

experiences, HNI are increasingly experimenting with various available forms of home automation standalone/completely integrated/mixed. These are the opportunities where we see growth coming from in the future. The future of home automation One of the major problems in the home automation area is that different systems are neither interoperable nor interconnected. So, one has to open one app to control the AC, another to control the lighting and yet another to control the music system. What is needed is a gateway that interfaces and interacts via IPv6 network protocol to all the devices in a home on a single app. This has thrown open a new and huge market for home automation players to enter and expand. In future of home automation will largely shift to simple DIY type of systems or one that can be set up by the technician who maintains your home PC and network. For instance, one can simply screw in the light bulbs to existing holders and start controlling the bulbs from the smartphone app including creating moods, dimming lights and changing colours from the colour spectrum in ther app.

Challenges and Potential

The scenario in India is currently in a state of flux. Till a year back it was dominated by European and American brands but now Chinese and local products are entering the market with unreliable products. These CoS not only failed and have disappeared from the market but, have given home automation a bad name. Some builders stopped offering automation systems because of their experience with cheap products. Reliability is a key factor in this segment and it remains to be seen how the new entrants will fare on this count over the years. Meanwhile it is safe to stick with established brand names. Everyone sees tremendous growth in this industry but to harness the full potential of the smart home automation, disparate manufacturers will have to develop technologies based on common open standards. Very few, if any, firms produce every device found in a household, and it is unlikely that consumers would be brand loyal enough to buy every household device, or even a majority of them, from a single manufacturer. So if manufacturers want to ensure that their devices talk to others, they will have be developed under common standards shared between software CoS. This level of collaboration may take some time; many of these firms are direct competitors after all, but it is necessary. As of now, it is best to go in for professional installs that give you wide integration and reliability. Home automation market-place currently growing at around 15-20% CAGR is set to grow further in near future as CoS are aggressively working towards development of products for budget consumers as well.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: UPS System

Technical Advancements, Challenges, Future of Indian UPS System and Inverter Market About UPS batteries

Uninterrupted power supply is the device that allows a computer to keep running for some time in case the primary power source is lost. It also provides protection from power fluctuations. So what is UPS all about Say you are working on your computer and suddenly there is power cut and your computer turns off and your screen and Behold! You wish you clicked the save button so that your important work was saved but you failed to do so and you have to redo your work all again when powers gets restored back. And in case of your have a laptop or tablet, you have backup battery for some time in these appliances but still when power goes your other devices like internet connection goes off and you wish that devices would stay on for little while but power cut makes it impossible for all the devices to work. Instead of wooing over power cuts or failures one can opt for solution that manages your computer and other terminals even in power cuts and that magical device is UPS or Uninterruptible power supply or power back up unit. This unit has special circuitry that detects a power failure and quickly switches over to run your equipment on its battery in case the power goes off. The main purpose to go for UPS is to save the important work and to

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

shut down the computer using proper procedure. Based on your requirements select the UPS as many units provide at least eight plugs. Inexpensive options will be dear to your pocket but will have the capacity to provide battery backup for four to six outlets and leaving the rest unpowered. In case you are using wired data connections go for the UPS that provides protection for all including old fashioned modem and newer Ethernet connections. Figure out the consumption of everything that needs to power as if the devices need more power than UPS then they will go dead even if the battery has plenty of charge. In case you want to connect UPS to desktop PC, then add together wattage of computer and monitor to calculate the power consumption. Understand how long you will want a UPS to power the devices you connected it by adding together the wattage they draw and then referring productâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s runtime. Based on your requirement you corner your UPS choice. UPS is much more than just acting and providing power to the appliances when power goes out. It has more features than this like disconnecting battery notifications, USB connectivity and software suit; which can be controlled through PC to fine settings to see the exact power consumption. So if you get UPS with additional features for the same amount ||www.electricalmirror.net||

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: UPS System

then why not go for it. Check the warranty period and the terms of warranty. Terms of warranty may vary but most offer product warranty and equipment warranty that guarantees to reimburse the value of the devices destroyed by UPS failure. UPS is the protective device of the equipment in case power fluctuates or goes off. Good understanding of this will enable the user to corner the best UPS based on the requirements and usage.

E rickshaw batteries in India

For a change ride in E rickshaw and one will realize that it is not only economical but also it is environment friendly. Also it is economically better than auto rickshaw and other fuel variants. As these rickshaws are battery powered they have zero emissions and thus they are better off than other fuel operated rickshaws. The batteries of E rickshaws are lead acid and they provide low cost alternative. However larger the battery adversely reduces the mileage of the vehicle. The E rickshaw batteries have been developed to have longer life span in such a manner that they can be charged, discharged and start up for over 5000 times in comparison to normal batteries. They have become more powerful and robust. E rickshaw batteries have low maintenance capacity. They have bottom lock shock absorber that locks lower part of battery and increases life cycle and safety. E rickshaw batteries have been designed with patented state of art technology that prevents spillage of electrolyte. Many have advanced hybrid technology so that out of the box performance is enabled and batteries have longer life span. This year also saw introduction of double clad separation that makes the battery vibration resistant. 74

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

New and modern e batteries are maintenance free and have good purity lead calcium alloy. Lower water volatilization. Good start up performance. Very low discharge rate. Superb anti vibration performance Because of umpteen numbers of advantages, E rickshaw manufacturing arena is on rise and transport department of Delhi is planning to launch cheaper battery operated E rickshaws on road. As E rickshaw batteries are getting more and more popular these days manufacturers take into account all the possible points in mind with view of viewers and their requirements and come out with best state of art e rickshaw batteries that appeal to the users instantly. The makers fabricate batteries using innovative and modern technology so that the e rickshaws stand up to every test including long life span and reliability. As economies of production and modern methods of technology are used, e-rickshaw batteries are produced at most economical rates. India provides good market for E rickshaw batteries. As its popularity is growing, its demand also is increasing leading to equal increase in the production. The year 2016 saw good experience for e rickshaw like flexibility in government policies and easy acceptance by people as safe means of transport, the demand of E rickshaw batteries are going to soar high in near future.

Why SMF batteries

Sealed maintenance free battery or SMF batteries are sealed completely and thus there is no need to add water. It has electrolyte that is used in the form of gel that fills the cavity of the plates. These batteries have become every personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s favorite as they come with outstanding features: As these batteries are sealed there is no need for

checking its electrolyte level and topping all through its life. Sealed construction ensures no leakage and seepage of electrolyte from terminal or casting. So they are maintenance free batteries. The sealed construction with immobilized electrolyte allows the battery to be installed in any position, horizontal, vertical and this does not even affect its performance. Nowadays environment threat has become major issue in all cases and SMF batteries have come with a boon of environment friendly attribute. Its unique gas recombination technology effectively cancels generation of gas during normal usage. This guarantees safe and clean environment. It is light in weight and compact, thus easy to handle. Because of its modular construction it is easy to install and also very simple to connect and install. As this battery emits no gases or fumes, it can be placed along with UPS system or other electric equipment, ensuring minimal voltage drop between battery and equipment. It is ready to use when installed and commissioned as it is available in fully charged condition. It does not require specially trained man power for installation and commission. There is also no delay between receipt and usage. SMF batteries have long life span which further adds feather in their features and that which is loved by all. They have good service life. Self discharge is very low as compared to conventional flooded batteries and this increases the life of the battery. Self discharge is the phenomenon of batteries in which internal chemical reaction minimize the stored charged of the battery and decreases the shelf life of the battery and causes them to initially have less than full charge when actually put to use. SMF batteries have special designs of plates and separators with an absolutely balanced electrolyte ||www.electricalmirror.net||

thus they have excellent robust charge retention and recovery. As the internal resistance is low and recovery ability is high there is active material reactive interface that allows very high current for short and medium duration thus high rate of discharge. SMF batteries have robust construction and heavy duty design with superior corrosion resistant materials and thus are highly reliable. Lead acid batteries emit harmful fumes when they are charged up and thus atmosphere gets polluted whereas in case of SMF batteries there are no such emissions thus causing no issues to health and environment. SMF batteries do not spill electrolytes even when they are turned on and also they do not erode like flooded lead acid batteries and thus there is less chance of getting acid burns when handling.

A UPS system or an inverter

The home UPS system and inverter industry has always been in a healthy state in India due to power inefficiencies. The wide gap between the demand and supply of electricity and the rapidly-evolving industrial base in semi-urban areas are the two main factors behind the consistent rise in the sale of inverters and UPS systems in India. Besides this, there has been a gradual rise in awareness among people about preventing the damage caused to electronic equipment due to voltage fluctuations. According to a Ken Research report, India’s inverter market is projected to grow at an appreciable CAGR of 9.4% by FY’19. Similarly, the UPS system market in India is projected to expand at a CAGR of 9.8% between FY’14 and FY’19. The basic function and architecture of both inverters and UPS systems are almost the same, but the difference lies in the time they take to switch to battery power when the power fails. As the name suggests, UPS systems provide uninterrupted and instantaneous power supply when a power cut happens. They are suitable for industries, offices and medical centres that need constant power supply and cannot afford to switch off their appliances even for a few milliseconds. Inverters provide near-instantaneous power backup during power failure. The basic function of inverters is to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) using transformers, switching and control circuits. Since the time an inverter takes to restore power is not as fast as a UPS system, they are good for homes and industries where data loss is not an issue. Picking the right power backup system is not a tough call. There are plenty of companies that are manufacturing high quality UPS systems and inverters with good specifications. All you have to do is keep in mind the following points before buying: Make a selection based on your power requirements and

||www.electricalmirror.net||

don’t fall for any marketing gimmicks. For this, you need to focus on two things: a) how many appliances you want to run on backup, and b) the total time for which the backup is required. It is also very important to understand the climatic conditions in your area. For example, if you are living in hilly or coastal areas where thunderstorms are quite a common occurrence, then you must opt for systems that are enabled with lightning protection technology. Similarly, for dry and sunny locations, systems with solar compatibility can be used. While buying batteries for inverters, go for the option with the maximum warranty. Factors responsible for the growth in the inverter and UPS system market in India: Inefficient supply of electricity; The growing industrial base; The increasing purchasing power of Indian consumers; Decreasing tolerance for long power cuts; Increased dependence on digital networks. The inverter and UPS system market in India has witnessed consistent growth in recent years on account of the demand and supply gap in electric power supply, the expansion of industries and rising income levels of consumers. Manufacturers are aiming to tap the demand for environment-friendly, zero maintenance inverters and UPS systems, which are the latest trend in the market. What to check prior to purchasing a UPS system and inverter - Built-in UPS system; Square wave, modified sine wave or pure sine wave; Size of the inverter; Backup duration/battery size; Type of battery (standard, tubular or SMF); Preferable to have the same battery and inverter brands; Protection features; Innovative features like auto adjustment to battery, multiple charging, etc.; After-sales service.

Ins and Outs of market

The Indian UPS system and inverter market is gaining momentum, as these devices have become a necessity in almost every modern set-up. Data centres, server farms, hotels, hospitals, MNCs and media houses are some of the many users of UPS systems. The Indian UPS market is therefore expected to witness an upsurge in the coming years. Regular power shortage in metros and in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities has also led to people opting for these power backup machines. In the last five years, there have been massive technological advancements in the country and India is also on the path of economic growth. Trade relations with many countries have improved, which has helped us in accessing their technologies and markets, and vice-versa. The UPS industry has evolved the world over and today, space-friendly smaller units rule the markets. Manufacturers tie up with the component makers, depending upon what components and prices they offer. Since the technology is growing rapidly, one has to keep a keen eye on the latest, as well as what services the market offers. There is stiff competition in the UPS

system and inverter market. And with solar inverters, the technological advancements have gone up a notch. The demand in the Indian inverter/UPS market has increased due to constant power shortages, and a strong push from the government to accelerate the National Solar Mission. The usage of UPS systems will increase when solar inverters become more reliable for backup power. Solar energy is expected to be the main factor driving the increase in demand for UPS systems/inverters. An important emerging technology is net metering and its integration with sine wave inverters/UPS systems, coupled with communication and software technologies in the smart-grid re-integration domain. This will be done by developing and deploying decentralised solar rooftop energy generators for residential, commercial and various industrial applications, of both off-grid, on-grid and hybrid types with storage systems that will depend on the available cheap mix of energy resources. Technological developments are happening on the energy efficiency side as energy conservation is the burning issue of the day. The demand for industrial UPS systems/inverters has been growing gradually as users of specific machines, especially in the SME sector, are installing need based backup solutions. Microtek has a range of multi-inverters/ high-end inverters and online UPS systems catering to all types of requirements from small machines to sensitive equipment. Microtek has introduced the IPS (Intelli Power Saving) technology in all its inverters and UPS systems, which saves electricity compared to others. UPS manufacturers face many challenges related to machinery, raw materials, skilled manpower and land to build manufacturing plants, which makes it difficult to set these up in different locations. Also, lack of the easy availability of electricity and water are a major deterrent to the smooth running of manufacturing units. Most of the companies use machines and raw materials imported from European countries, which increases the overall costs. Also, the taxes on imported components are high, which reduces profit margins. Not having skilled manpower also plays spoilsport. As per our interaction UPS market size is around INR 5000 crores without battery. But there are more than 200 companies below 10 crores catering to around 2500 crore market. All the above figures are without considering the batteries. The trend in the market analysis says the top three companies are concentrating on higher KVA UPS and projects. All others are concentrating on SME segments. Whereas BPE strategy is to cater to project and Higher KVA to take some of the market share market leaders. BPE is emphasizing on training dealers & distributors. They also have IRIS Computers and Ingram MICRO as their National Distributors. BPE is also concentrating on

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: UPS System

modular concept UPS with lot of techno commercial benefits which will enhance their market size to the next level undoubtedly,” said, Sudip De of BPE.

Challenges in UPS Sector

The biggest challenge today is to make the UPS systems sustainable especially with lower ratings. Another challenge is to manufacture products keeping future needs in mind. In recent years depreciation of Indian rupee against US dollar or Euro’s was major concern in the market as it is directly affecting the pricing strategy. Although price plays a key factor for decision makers, it’s necessary now to show the customer the value of their investment or Return on Investment which calls for innovative products or solutions. Due to shortage of power in the country, customers want to choose backup power systems with innovative technologies and methodologies. The major challenge that the UPS market in India faces are Economic Challenges The depreciating value of the Rupee against the US$, and the fall in Indian IT spending has also had a spilling effect on the industry. The cost of components is one of the major challenges faced by the Indian UPS market. Most organizations in India, including SMEs and SMBs are becoming technology intensive. The need to operate the business 27/7 to function smoothly is driving the UPS systems and customers are increasingly opting for a single point of contact from the vendor’s perspective. Vendors with an end-to-end portfolio will be better positioned to provide reliable, cost-effective and customized solutions. By aligning CoS capabilities in technology, product design and the delivery model, they may able to address the demand comprehensively and efficiently. Using the latest UPS

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

technologies, products need to provide flexibility for easy deployment across a variety of locations as well as reduce capital investment, protect from unstable power quality, depending on the unique requirement of every site with the least manual maintenance. One the key issues that must be addressed before designing UPS systems is that of an unreliable power grid which is mostly ridden with large snags and surges. Various sectors, be it manufacturing, IT/ITes, banking etc face different power related problems. Therefore designing UPS systems catering to their specific needs is a test of the vendor’s capabilities. Perhaps the biggest challenge dominating this area is the lack of awareness with regards to the basic power quality fundamentals for UPS technologies to function. This is where designing a UPS system that can overcome power problems such as faulty earthling and grounding systems presents a stiff challenge. The sluggish growth of the power sector has had huge impact on designing UPS products. The market has huge demand for Power products and it is always evolving, as the users understand the importance of protecting their critical loads and looking for complete Power solution instead of power product like earlier. However, the market has been growing and showing signs of continuous improvements in terms of tech change like smaller foot prints, high availability, scalability, Efficiency, Unity power factor, Input voltage range/ Non standardization of electrical wiring/ Communication and interactive to server. In future, the key focus areas will be mission-critical industrial applications in refineries, petrochemicals, power generation, steel and metals, process industries

as well as critical data processing applications. Solar backup systems will drive solar energy usage at large. And installation of backup power systems in dams and plants would require exhaustive set-ups. In the coming days, the efficiency of UPS systems will increase, sizes will reduce, costs will come down, and the devices will become more user friendly so that people can connect to and control their power backup systems from their residence, mobiles, etc. Solar UPS systems will work on both AC (i.e., grid) as well as DC (solar) power. The developments in the solar power domain are currently a bit slow because of the massive involvement of the government. However, the ‘Make in India’ initiative of the government is going to give a boost to industrialisation as well to start-ups in the SME sector, offering vast opportunities in the power backup sector. India is a developing economy and our industrial base is increasing constantly. The per capita income of Indians has gone up, improving lifestyles. In this scenario, with increasing power cuts, domestic consumers will drive the trend of increased UPS system and inverter adoption.

Market Trends

The no of SMEs and SMBs is increasing due to various government policies. Quite a few of these SMEs are based out of Tier II Cities where roundthe-clock power connectivity is still a challenge and therefore the demand for the UPS is high as they want to run the business efficiently and unhindered. Even an hour without electricity can result in the business facing a loss, thereby affecting their profit in the long run. This is one of the reasons that more companies are now looking at becoming

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: UPS System

energy efficient without compromising their agility and availability. Additionally, there is a gradual move towards greener technologies to reduce the overall carbon footprint because of which we will see a gradual inclination towards solar-powered UPS systems and solutions. Extensive research by market research agencies on power backup systems market across rural and urban sectors brings up a number of trends. Suppliers operating in the inverter industry are exploring contract manufacturing opportunities. This arrangement benefits both the service provider and the hiring firm as each can focus on his core competencies. Moreover, players operating in the UPS systems market are increasingly focussing on selling their products through large retail formats and on strengthening their channel sales. UPS units of up to 600 VA are being sold through retail channels while large configurations that require technical support are mostly being sold through channel partners. Shifting focus to the inverter segment, previously, for hardcore backup power, people used gensets. Due to rising cost and storage challenges of diesel, people are starting to shift from gensets to power inverters. In some of the small office/ home office (SOHO) and SME segments, diesel gensets are not completely being discarded but their usage is slowly being reduced; they are complementing the power inverters when they are completely discharged. A lot of people today want to be independent of the grid. So in the inverter segment, people are exploring solar inverters today. The market trend is moving towards solar. Backup solutions given through solar are the most sought after. Ideally, people would install a solar system with batteries so that it not only serves their power needs during the day but also gives them a small relief in their power needs

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

during night. Another important business trend is an increasing demand for SOHO/high-end inverters as a lot of users are looking for uninterrupted power backup for commercial activities which saves them huge money in comparison to generators. Due to errant power conditions, more and more industries and SOHO segment users are shifting from generators to inverters. This is because running costs of inverters are very low and these are more convenient. Specifically talking about the India market, we see the emerging requirement for inverters of 2 kV and high-frequency inverters.â&#x20AC;? Furthermore, the popularity of solar technologies in both rural and urban India is driving the trend for solar hybrid inverters that combine solar panels with an inverter, to address power requirements. Finally, there is also a trend of battery management in inverter batteries.

At Last

While UPS systems/inverter industry is relatively stable these days, there is need to look out for new trends in advanced electronics such as Internet of Things based systems and smart grid linked systems. This would help the industry to have a different and futuristic perspective and see UPS systems and inverters beyond just power suppliers, informs Anand. R&D has become one of the major focus areas of the power backup systems market. For the overall development of the industry, and for players to be able to increase the profitability, it has become imperative for the companies to invest in R&D activities. Making power backup equipment available in smaller sizes would ensure greater revenue, especially from the SME and SOHO segments. Players can also look to foray into e-commerce business models along with doorstep delivery systems. Another emerging area is that of superior after sales services. A widespread service centre network will help companies build trust and ensure recommendations from existing customers, thereby adding to their goodwill and brand value. Moreover, cross-selling platforms for low-voltage products via the diffused channels are expected to bring about a greater visibility amongst end users, thus leading to greater revenues. The UPS market is moving towards further consolidation on a global scale. This global outlook means more accessible sales and service teams for customers in previously untapped locations. Additionally, green/efficient products are becoming an important inclusion in vendorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; product offerings. Data centers and server rooms of all sizes face significant threats in availability of electricity, making enterprises more conscious of efficiency. There will be a lack of new power coming on line as new power utilities cease to be built, turning it into a simple economics equation of supply and demand, where electricity prices will continue to rise.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Smart Grid

From Traditional to Future Grid and Transforming Electricity Distribution in India 80

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Investing $44.9 bn in Smart Grid Infra

India's power sector is undergoing rapid transformation as the nation faces steep electricity demand growth rates, plans to incorporate large-scale RE resources, and a govt eager to modernize the country. Smart grid infra is seen by stakeholders as fundamental to this transformation, but until recently projects have been slow to materialize. This is now changing and with large-scale deployments beginning from 2017, smart grid infra investment is projected to total $44.9 bn over the period 2017-27, according to a new study published today by Northeast Group, LLC. India has always been seen as the largest potential smart grid market for int’l vendors. But until recently, this potential has been slow to materialize, despite extensive govt plans & pressing concerns over the $23.2 bn lost each year to electricity theft. We are now finally seeing utilities progress out of the pilot stages with multi-million endpoint smart meter projects recently announced. India's recently established NSGM has charted out a deployment schedule for the next 10 years, but several utilities are also moving forward with smart grid deployments independent of govt plans. These include private franchisees that are deploying smart grid infra to improve poor utility performance. India's smart grid market will vary widely across states, with each state possessing a unique industry structure and regulatory framework. Largest smart grid market opportunities exist in the states of MH, KA, DL, TN, GJ, WB, and KL. Competitive landscape of India's market is comprised of a no of well-established vendors from both the domestic & int’l spheres. 4 local vendors Secure Meters, Genus, HPL, L&T, hold the majority of market share in legacy metering and are poised to similarly impact the smart metering market. A no of leading global vendors such as ABB, CyanConnode, GE, Honeywell, Itron, Landis+Gyr, Schneider, Siemens, Silver Spring Networks, and others are already active on some level in the overall market.

Traditional to future grid

Newspapers are showcasing the dramatically lower costs of solar power, reportedly cheaper than coal power now, and we are told that smart grids (and smart cities) are just around the corner. While enormous strides have been made in making these solutions both available and cheaper, we have to focus on the next challenge of electricity evolution to ensure that costs and benefits are both equitable and captured at a systems level. We should not push subsidies for the rich putting solar panels on their roof, nor should we end up with smart cities that are elite havens or expensive. The power grid is a complex marvel of engineering that has had a profound impact on society. One reason AC power grids are complex is because they are always balancing supply and demand in real time, continuously. Unlike the internet, one cannot ||www.electricalmirror.net||

“retransmit” or “slow down” during congestion. This traditional grid is now evolving to become smart, or rather smarter, driven by an intersection of digital technology and the use of RE. How we manage this transition will determine not just our supply mix of fuels but the fundamental nature of the grid and the relationships among its stakeholders. No longer should we think of power flows as one-way, from generation to transmission to distribution to consumption. Consumers who set up their own solar panels can now become producers (“prosumers”), and they can also voluntarily adapt their loads - if given a signal or incentive. In the old days, demand was the main aspect that varied by consumers’ unilateral actions, such as by time of day or season, and the grid always needed sufficient generation capability to meet any anticipated demand (plus a margin). That’s expensive. Now, with growing RE, even generation becomes unpredictable. The old way of handling this was to supplement RE with more generation capacity of a type which could be called into service rapidly. That’s even more expensive. Hydropower and open-cycle gas turbines usually fit the bill. Unfortunately, hydropower is difficult to build out, and we have limited gas available. A new solution is to ask consumers to reduce their demand during the peak demand hours. This isn’t just by having time of day (ToD) pricing but an actual market with dynamic pricing, termed “demand response”.

Apps for an Indian smart grid

Theft (loss) reduction is a much-touted use for smart grids, where smart meters can help pinpoint leakages. But these can do much more in addition to smarter demand control, one can even make supply much smarter. If one has a shortfall of power, we usually face feeder-level load-shedding. That’s an effective but horrible way to balance supply and demand! Instead, a smart system can offer a minimum supply, such as lifeline supply, to all consumers even during shortfalls. This helps avoid kerosene, batteries, diesel, or darkness. We could even move towards dynamic power pricing, including ToD pricing. ToD pricing becomes critical for eV’s. There are govt plans to make all public transport and personal vehicle sales only electric by 2030. The worst scenario is if consumers all come home in the evening and plug in their EVs simultaneously. The evening is when India’s grid is already at a peak and that is when solar’s output is almost zero. With proper pricing, not only will consumers not be a burden on stressed grids, they can even consume any “surplus” power, making EVs a win-win for consumers and utilities. People want quality power, and contrary to popular belief, are willing to pay. Anyone on backup power already does. Our power prices are higher than prices in the US for commercial, industrial, and larger residential consumers, even before factoring in the

poorer quality. If we create a system where power prices vary based on grid dynamic, technology, especially digital technology, can help make time-aware consumption worthwhile. This doesn’t have to be complicated or require us to alter our schedules - with a simple smartphone app and a little communication and control, one can focus on the top few time-shiftable uses of electricity, such as heating water, space cooling, pumping water, etc. The ingredients are mostly here - what is missing is a larger framework to make this happen. From consumers’ perspective, consumption is what matters - a “smart fridge” or “smart AC” has to be worthwhile. That does not just mean saving money - possible with ToD pricing - but also convenience. For instance, it can cool a room before we reach home. To make this work, systems need three things. First, solutions have to be simple, or plug-and-play (easier said than done, especially keeping security in mind). One cannot mandate, say, a Samsung fridge is only smart with a Samsung smartphone. Second, users need an incentive. Why should one invest in a smart appliance (or manually shift loads) if there is no electricity price benefit? Third, the consumer must remain in control. I really don’t care if the grid is congested - if I need to take a warm shower at 8 am, I will do so. Smart grids (and even RE) are only a means to an end, which includes not just sustainability but also efficiency, robustness, etc. Our entire power system (pre-future grid) is based on averages and a lot of cross-subsidization. It is precisely the richer and larger consumers - who overpay and keep the system afloat - who will be the first to put up solar panels, and exit the grid. In reality, today’s RE is opportunistic RE (use it when you can), so they won’t exit entirely but come back to the grid during the evening peak period. This raises the grid costs further, prompting more people to reduce their grid usage. Dubbed the “utility death spiral”, this is a risk that is fast approaching. To fix this problem, we have to stop treating all units of power the same. This basket includes mangoes, bananas, lychees and other fruits - options of supply that include differences in costs, availability, predictability, ramping rates, etc. Blending & selling at an average masks the marginal costs, which is where there is scope for improvement. ToD pricing will encourage not just demand response but storage tech’s, the next revolution which will also buttress the RE revolution (and push eV’s). Everyone should not put up their own storage; a few strategic locations of storage can serve reliability-focused users like tech parks, manage variability from RE, and even meet the broader needs of all users. In some cities today, why do a quarter of users have backup power? If we even begin with such subsets of users, we have a large market - India’s niche is bigger than countries in Europe.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Smart Grid

Human smart grid

Smart grids (and even RE) are only a means to an end, which includes not just sustainability but also efficiency, robustness, etc. Smart systems are more than adding techâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s such as smart meters and solar panels: They represent a transformation along with an ecosystem of stakeholders and their incentives. In so many discussions on smart grids (and smart cities), the focus has been technology-heavy. It is necessary to get the technology right (including price points, security, modularity and conformance to standards), but failures are more often at the regulatory, business, awareness, and incentive levels, plus the fact that any disruption creates winners and losers. Unlike in the West, barring a few urban pockets, no one in India takes the grid for granted. In the US, if you tell someone that with a few lifestyle changes, and ToD pricing, they might save a few dollars a month (a slice of pizza), they wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t really care. In contrast, if you tell someone in price-conscious India that they could save even Rs50 per month, and that by shifting their loads around they would avoid load-shedding, they would be much more interested. They are already quite engaged with the grid - though, unfortunately, not in the best of ways. Getting the human element right starts with utilities, who have to accelerate their digitization and advanced metering rollouts. Ultimately, it all boils down to consumers. People want to be green and, even more than that, they want to save money. Utilities, on their part, want to be viable. Aligning incentives into a win-win-win (consumers, utilities, and the society overall) is when things will scale, hopefully at internet speed.

Smart Meter National Program

Several govt initiatives and policies, such as R-APDRP and CEA guidelines, have paved the way for intelligent smart metering in the country. The current size of the energy metering market is approx. US$ 340.82 mn and it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8-10% over the next 4-5 years. Further, UDAY - a scheme

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

for operational & financial turnaround of DISCOMS and estimated to install 35 mn smart meters by 2019. India exported over 400,000 of its electricity supply and production meters to Australia, followed by over 50,000 meters to Malaysia, the United Kingdom, and the UAE. Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s imports of electricity supply and production meters were very limited - less than 5,000 meters each from Hungary, Singapore, Indonesia, and China in 2012; by value, Germany and the United States were the leading foreign suppliers. Smart Cities Awas Yojna Mission (Smart City Mission) was launched by Prime Minister of India in June 2015. Smart Cities Mission is an urban renewal and retrofitting program by the GoI with a mission to develop 100 cities all over the country making them citizen friendly and sustainable. Smart meters are one of the areas identified by GoI in this mission. Implementation of FACTS & PMU for transmission grid is looked after by Central Transmission Utility and funded through their resources. Working to rapidly establish its stated goal of pan-India universal electricity access, the GoI is enabling Smart Grids which can offer affordability and other benefits to consumers. The first step towards realising Smart Grids is the implementation of AMI. The SMNP is being implemented to deploy smart meters across the country. The scheme is being implemented by EESL, a JV of PSUs under MoP. AMI (Advanced Metering Infra) is the collective term to describe the whole infra from Smart Meter to two way-communication network to control center equipment and all the applications that enable the gathering and transfer of energy usage Info. in near real-time. AMI makes two-way communications with customers possible and is the backbone of smart grid. The objectives of AMI can be remote meter reading for error free data, network problem identification, load profiling, energy audit and partial load curtailment in place of load shedding. AMI is comprised of various hardware and software components, all of which play a role in measuring energy consumption and transmitting Info. about energy, water and gas usage

to utility companies and customers. The overarching technological components of AMI include: Smart Meters: Advanced meter devices having the capacity to collect Info. about energy, water, and gas usage at various intervals and transmitting the data through fixed communication networks to utility, as well as receiving Info. like pricing signals from utility and conveying it to consumer. Communication Network: Advanced communication networks which supports two way communication enables Info. from smart meters to utility companies and vice-versa. Networks such as Broadband over PowerLine (BPL), Power Line Communications, Fiber Optic Communication, Fixed Radio Frequency or public networks (e.g., landline, cellular, paging) are used for such purposes. Meter Data Acquisition System: Software applications on the Control Centre hardware and the DCUs (Data Concentrator Units) used to acquire data from meters via communication network and send it to the MDMS. Meter Data Management System (MDMS) - Host system which receives, stores and analyzes the metering info. The benefits of AMI are multifold and can be generally categorized as: Operational Benefits: AMI benefits the entire grid by improving the accuracy of meter reads, energy theft detection and response to power outages, while eliminating the need for on-site meter reading. Financial Benefits: AMI brings financial gains to utility, water and gas companies by reducing equipment and maintenance costs, enabling faster restoration of electric service during outages and streamlining the billing process. Customer Benefits: AMI benefits electric customers by detecting meter failures early, accommodating faster service restoration, and improving the accuracy and flexibility of billing. Further, AMI allows for time-based rate options that can help customers save money and manage their energy consumption. Security Benefits: AMI technology enables enhanced monitoring of system resources, which mitigates potential threats on the grid by cyber-terrorist networks. Despite its widespread benefits, deploying AMI ||www.electricalmirror.net||

presents three majors challenges that include high upfront investments costs, integration with other grid systems, and standardization. High Capital Costs: A full scale deployment of AMI requires expenditures on all hardware and software components, including meters, network infra and network management software, along with cost associated with the installation and maintenance of meters and Info. technology systems. Integration: AMI is a complex system of tech’s that must be integrated with utilities' Info. technology systems, including Customer Info. Systems (CIS), Geographical Info. Systems (GIS), Outage Management Systems (OMS), Work Management (WMS), Mobile Workforce Management (MWM), SCADA/DMS, DAS, etc. Standardization: Interoperability standards need to be defined, which set uniform requirements for AMI technology, deployment and general operations and are the keys to successfully connecting and maintaining an AMI-based grid system.Modernizing India's grid system by investing in AMI promises to mitigate a no of strains placed on the grid due to growing demand for electric, gas and water resources. In particular, AMI will improve three key features of India's grid system including: System Reliability: AMI technology improves the distribution and overall reliability of electricity by enabling electricity distributors to identify and automatically respond to electric demand, which in turn minimizes power outages. Energy Costs: Increased reliability and functionality and reduced power outages and streamlined billing operations will dramatically cut costs associated with providing and maintaining the grid, thereby significantly lowering electricity rates. Electricity Theft: Power theft is a common problem in India. AMI systems that track energy usage will

||www.electricalmirror.net||

help monitor power almost in real time thus leading to increased system transparency. SMNP aims to replace India’s 250 mn conventional meters with smart meters. The smart meters procurement will be procured by EESL. To begin with, the program is initiated for the states of Haryana and UP, states with AT&C losses as large as 28.42% and 34.36% respectively. EESL's proven model of bulk procurement, aggregation of demand, and monetisation of savings will be the approach to roll out smart meters. This roll-out is proposed under the BOOT model, wherein EESL will undertake all the capital and operational expenditure with zero upfront investment from states and utilities. EESL, on its investment, shall earn a nominal Internal IRR through a mutually agreed automated payback structure during the concession period, along with payment security mechanism from state govts and utilities. Installation of these smart meters along with its associated communication and IT infra will enable the DISCOMs to obtain real time energy consumption data of each consumer for subsequent analysis and will pave the way for initiating various smart measures by DISCOMs like TOD/TOU billing, prediction and management of peak demand, providing real time energy consumption data to consumer, prepaid billing facility, remote connection and disconnection of load, accurate billing, etc. Installation of these meters will also obviate the need for the meter reader’s visit to each and every consumer.

Transforming electricity distribution

India is the world’s 3rd-largest producer of electricity, after China and the US. Even as demand grows some

10% a year, the country is on track to produce more power than it consumes. Yet power outages are a way of life for the average Indian. Many Indians have limited or no access to electricity. One reason is, Indian utilities grapple with so-called “non-technical losses,” which include electricity theft, meter tampering and non-payment by customers. These losses have a huge impact on the utilities’ profitability, service predictability, and operations performance. Tangles of wires atop electricity poles criss-cross India’s villages and cities, stealing power. It is estimated that India loses approx. $16.2 bn a year just through electricity theft. This is the highest total loss to theft in the world. Several Indian States are now strengthening vigilance against power theft. With the Centre’s focus on boosting energy output through programs such as NSGM and Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojna, utilities are looking for ways to meet the growing demand while cutting losses. By adopting the IoT-based metering infra, using smart meters and smart grids, utilities can make further strides toward reliable power generation and distribution in India. Smart metering pilots are underway in Kolkata, Delhi, Chandigarh, Tripura and Puducherry. Smart meters can record electricity, water, or gas usage in homes or buildings, and send this data back to the supplier and consumer at regular intervals. Both customers and utilities benefit from real-time data on energy consumption. Instantaneous Info. allows the customer to make adjustments and the utility company to better manage energy consumption at peak times. For Indian utilities these tech’s will be a game changer in their battle against power theft. Tapping a wire hook directly on to the electricity line is the most prevalent form of power theft in the country.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Smart Grid

Economic implications aside, this practice is unsafe. Imagine a scenario where utilities have real-time visibility to this unmonitored consumption, and are alerted to unusually heavy demand on the grid, meter bypassing, and unaccounted-for consumption. With advanced sensor tech’s and software analytics, load imbalance on the grid can easily be detected and this data is then transmitted back to the utilities. Similarly, using smart meters, utilities can monitor households or commercial establishments that do not pay their bills and can shut down their services remotely. Another common theft technique is tampering with conventional meters to show a lower consumption reading. Smart metering infra can also help utilities quickly respond to tamper events. With built-in tamper detection & protection functionalities, they have the ability to send a real-time notification to the utility when there is an attempt at tampering. Advanced metering solutions and tech’s tailored to Indian needs represent a clear path forward for Indian utilities in their transformation journey. They can provide economic benefits for both consumers & utilities, allowing providers to increase operational efficiency, reduce energy theft, avoid revenue losses, while giving customers more stable electricity service and the ability to control their usage and expenses.

Cyber Security initiatives in India

Cyber security of Critical Infra is a growing concern among business and Govts worldwide. The GoI (GOI), through Info. Technology Act-2000 laid the foundation of Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-ln), an organization dedicated to the cause of Cyber Security standards, compliances, incident response and guidance. The GoI, after reviewing the needs of cyber security in critical infra sector, created dedicated sectoral CERTs. Following 84

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

the directives of GOI/ CERT-In, MOP created four sectoral CERTs, namely CERT-Thermal-NTPC; CERT-Hydro-NHPC; CERT-Transmission-POWERGRID; CERT-Distribution-DP&D Division, CEA Further, the GoI, under the provision of Info. Technology Act, 2000 created National Critical Info. Infra Protection Centre (NCIIPC). Following the best practices in the area of Cyber Security, a central coordinating agency to share and analyze various cyber security incidents in the Power Sector, Info. Sharing and Analysis Centre (ISAC-Power) was conceived. The ISAC-Power will be the common platform for the four sectoral CERTs under Ministry of Power. The ISAC-Power will focus to be the Central Info. Resource pooling and sharing platform. An integral component of the ambitious flagship program of the Indian Govt- Digital India, which paves way for a digital data avalanche in the country, is a well-designed digital infra ensuring high connectivity and integration of services, the potential areas being smart cities, smart homes, smart energy and smart grids, to list a few. Likewise, the 100 Smart Cities Mission envisions changing the face of urbanization in India, to manage the exponential growth of population in the cities by creating smart cities with ICT driven solutions, along with big data analytics. Smart grid tech’s are key for both these schemes. Smart grid is a promising power delivery infra integrated with communication and Info. tech’s which enables monitoring, prediction and management of energy usages. Establishment of smart grids becomes highly important for the Indian economy, as the present grid losses are one of the highest in the world at upto 50% and costing India upto 1.5% of its GDP. India operates one of the largest synchronous grids in the world - covering an area of over 3 mn sq km, 260 GW capacity and over 200 million customers with

the estimated demand of India increasing 4 times by the year 2032. In the year 2013, the MoP, in consultation with ISGF and ISGTF released a smart grid vision and roadmap for India, a key policy document aligned to MoP’s overarching objectives of “Access, Availability and Affordability of Power for All”. It lays plans for a framework to address cyber security concerns in smart grids as well. To achieve goals envisaged in the roadmap, the GoI established the NSGM in the year 2015 for planning, monitoring and implementation of policies and programs related to Smart Grid activities. A no of smart grid projects have been introduced, and are currently underway. KEPCO in Kerala has established smart meter/intelligent power transmission and distribution equipment system in the year 2011 and the smart grid operations focus on peak reduction, load standardization, reduction in power T&D loss, response to new/renewable energy and reduction in black-out time. Gujarat was introduced to India’s first modernized electrical grid in the year 2014, to study consumer behaviour of electricity usage and propose a tariff structure based on usage and load on the power utility by installing new meters embedded with SIM card to monitor the data. BESCOM project in Bangalore envisaged the Smart Grid Pilot Project for integration of renewable and distributed energy resources into the grid, which is vital to meet growing electricity demands of the country, curb power losses, and enhance accessibility to quality power. At the same time, the introduction of a smart grid brings with it certain security risks and concerns, particularly to a nation’s cyber security. Increased interconnection and integration may render the grids vulnerable to cyber threats, putting stored data and computers at great risk.With sufficient cyber security ||www.electricalmirror.net||

measures, policies and framework in place, a Smart Grid can be made more efficient, reliable and secure as failure to address these problems will hinder the modernization of the existing power system. Smart Grids, comprising of numerous communication, intelligent, monitoring and electrical elements employed in power grid, have a greater exposure to cyber-attacks that can potentially disrupt power supply in a city. Cyber security and data privacy are some of the key challenges for smart grids in India, as establishment of digital electricity infra entails the challenge of communication security and data mgt. Digital network and systems are highly prone to malicious attacks from hackers which can lead to misutilisation of consumers’ data, making cyber security the key issue to be addressed. Vulnerabilities allow an attacker to break a system, corrupt user privacy, acquire unauthorized access to control the software, and modify load conditions to destabilize the grid. Hackers or attackers, who compromise a smart meter can immediately alter their energy costs or change generated energy meter readings to monetize it by help of remote PCs. Also, inserting false Info. could mislead the electric utility into making incorrect decisions about the local usage and capacity. As cybersecurity is critical for Digital India and the Smart City Concept note highlights a smart grid to be resilient to cyber attacks, a National Cyber Coordination Centre is being established by the Indian Govt. Also, National Cyber Safety and Security Standards has been started with a vision to safeguard the nation from the current threats in the cyberspace, undertaking research to understand the nature of cyber threats and Cyber Crimes by facilitating a common platform where experts shall provide an effective solution for the complex and alarming problems in the society towards cyber security domain. Innovative strategies and compliance procedures are being developed to curb the increasing complexity of the Global Cyber Threats faced by countries at large. National Cyber Security Policy 2013 was released with an umbrella framework for providing guidance for actions related to security of cyberspace, by the DeitY. The Working Group on Info. Technology established under the Planning Commission has also published a 12 year plan on IT development in India with a road map for cyber security, stating 6 key priority and focus areas for cyber security including:Enabling Legal Framework ; Security Policy, Compliance and Assurance; Security R&D; Security Incident – Early Warning and Response ; Security awareness, skill development and training, and Collaboration. In case of Bangalore, to ensure smooth implementation of BESCOM’s vision, the company realised the need to put a cyber-security system in place to protect the smart grid installations in Bangalore city. To ensure

||www.electricalmirror.net||

security, BESCOM has come out with a separate IT security policy and dedicated trained IT cadre to safeguard its data and servers, becoming one of the few Discoms in India to take such measures for safeguarding the servers and data network from cyber crimes and threats.

Way forward

An electric system like Smart grids has enormous and far-reaching economic and social benefits. However, increased interconnection and integration tends to introduce cyber-vulnerabilities into the grid. With the evolution of cyber threats/attacks over time, it can be said that there are a lot of challenges for implementing cyber security in Indian smart grid. Considering imp. of secure smart grid networks for flagship projects in India, the existing regulatory framework does not seem to adequately take into consideration the cyber security implications. In light of this, the govt must aim to develop and adopt high level cybersecurity policy to withstand cyber-attacks. Also, India must focus on skills development in this domain and have a capable workforce to achieve the targets set by Indian Govt. Nation must look up to develop an overall intelligence framework that brings together industry, govts, individuals with specific capabilities for this purpose. National Cyber Security Policy 2013, protecting public and private infra from cyber attacks, along with all kinds of Info., such as personal Info. of web users, banking and financial Info.,etc. is yet to be implemented by the Govt properly. In the Indian Power sector, the cyber security regulations or mandates are absent in the NEP as well as the Electricity Act 2003 and its amendment in 2007, with no reference to cyber security concerns. These key legislations must be amended

to take into account the growing challenges due to increased use of ICT in the power sector. As the concept of smart grids is still evolving in India, professional intervention from various domains has pushed for adoption and development of standard process and products. Many int’l standard setting organisations like IEC, IEEE, NIST, CENELEC are engaged in standardization activities of Smart Grids and in India, the BIS has been rolling out several varieties of standards targeting various tech’s. Hence, BIS must develop standards taking into account the security challenges in the cyberspace as well. Apart from policy and regulatory measure, the system on which the smart grids are built and networked must be made architecturally strong and secure. One of the areas where due attention is required is making the SCADA secure, a system that operates with coded signals to provide control of remote equipment and is entirely based on computer systems and network. Numerous systems also employ the Public Key Infra to secure the Smart Grids and address the security challenges by enabling identification, verification, validation, authentication of connected meters for network access. This can be leveraged for securing data integrity, revenue streams and service continuity. The key vulnerable areas prone to cyber attacks on Info. transmission are network Info., data integrity and privacy of Info.. The Info. transmission networks must be well-designed as the network unavailability may result in the loss of real-time monitoring of critical smart grid infras and power system disasters. Addressing these fast growing challenges and cyber security needs of the country by adopting suitable regulatory, policy and architectural steps would help achieve the objectives of Digital India & Smart Cities enabling “Access, Availability, Affordability for All”.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Smart Cities

"Smart Cities" Still a Work in Progress 86

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

mart Cities Mission is progressing at a ‘brisk pace’ and is aimed at touching ‘people’s lives’ by making them affordable and accessible to everyone. It cannot over emphasise that the people-centric facet of all initiatives remains the key to unlocking its value and ensuring sustainable development. Smart City initiatives have given us tremendous power and opportunity to touch people's lives, and make a difference in the way they work, and live. Hope that we are able to use it to make a real difference by creating affordable, accessible and inclusive Smart Cities for everyone. The Smart Cities Mission is progressing at a brisk pace and this remains one of the fastest ever project implementations at this scale and geographic spread in the urban sector. The ministry has so far launched 99 smart cities in 2 years. The 1st batch of 20 cities was selected in Jan’16, and last 9 cities were selected as recently as in Jan’18. Cities selected so far, have identified projects worth Rs 2.02 lakh Cr. As on 17 Jan’18, there are 2,948 projects worth Rs 1.38 lakh Cr, at various stages of implementation. 189 projects worth Rs 2,237 Cr have been completed, and implementation is underway for 495 projects with a cost of Rs 18,616 Cr. Tenders have been floated for 277 projects with a cost of Rs 15,885 Cr while 1,987 projects worth Rs 1.02 lakh Cr are at DPR stage. Smart Cities Mission is a step in the direction of achieving our vision to improve the ease of living particularly for the poor, women, elderly and differently abled people. All Indians should be able to enjoy a clean and sustainable environment. As a major player in the digital revolution and a technology superpower, India must also leverage cutting-edge technology to power its infra, offices, and homes. FM Arun Jaitley while presenting the Union Budget 2018-19 said that as many as 99 cities were selected under the ambitious Smart city mission at an outlay of Rs 2.04 lakh Cr. Infra is a growth driver for the country. In the Smart City Mission that aims 100 cities, 99 smart cities have been selected and to be allocated Rs 2.04 lakh Cr, Jaitley informed the Parliament. Smart Cities Mission is one of the ambitious initiatives of the govt in Jun’15 that aims to develop 100 cities across India that would also harness the ICT capabilities. The Urban Development Ministry, in the 1st phase selected 20 cities in Jan’16. Currently, there are more than 2,500 projects worth over Rs 1.35 lakh Cr underway under the mega program while 189 projects amounting to close to Rs 2,235 Cr have already been completed. True to the commitment, Smart Cities

||www.electricalmirror.net||

programme is progressing well and with continued budgetary support, these cities will greatly benefit from a new ecosystem of infra leveraged on the thrust of using technology as the backbone. Modernisation of railway infra like Smart Cities has been a compelling need and the new commitment by the FM would firmly take the Railway in this direction. So, let's know more about the concept. According to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, there is no universally accepted definition of a Smart City. It means different things to different people. The conceptualisation of Smart City, therefore, varies from city to city and country to country, depending on the level of development, willingness to change and reform, resources and aspirations of city residents. A Smart City will have a different connotation in India than, say, Europe. Even in India, there is no one way of defining a Smart City. Essentially, the notion of a smart city involves a wish-list of infra and services that describes his or her level of aspiration. To provide for the aspirations and needs of citizens, urban planners ideally aim at developing the entire urban eco-system, which is represented by the four pillars of comprehensive development means institutional, physical, social, economic infra. This can be a long-term goal, and cities can work towards developing such comprehensive infra incrementally, adding on layers of smartness. One of the signature schemes of the govt, Smart Cities Mission, is being further enhanced with an outlay of ₹6,169 Cr in 2018-19 as against ₹4,000 Cr in 2017-18. However, analysts tracking the sector feel the allocation needs to be further enhanced to spur growth. Industry experts say the current requirements for smart-city project alone could be in the range of ₹15,000 Cr. The outlay for 2018-19 stands at ₹12,169 Cr, including ₹6,000 Cr for AMRUT. A closer look at the Budget reveals that the govt allocated a total of ₹9,276.70 Cr in 2016-17. For 2018-19, the allocations have gone up to ₹12,169 Cr from ₹9,000 Cr in 2017-18, a 35% increase. Centre has launched 99 smart cities in 2 years. True to the commitment, Smart Cities programme is progressing well and with continued budgetary support, these cities will greatly benefit from a new ecosystem of infra leveraged on the thrust of using technology as the backbone. A chunk of the fresh allocation has been earmarked for formation of SPVs in 10 Smart Cities, improvement in specific socio-economic indicators based on the specific development theme being pursued by 100 Smart Cities. Govt expenditure on thousands of projects initiated under Smart Cities Mission across India has already

created a large market for the private sector and is going to further translate into jobs at all levels, better and efficient infra and liveable cities for everyone. Govt has 2 interlinked programmes to address the urbanisation phenomenon-smart cities and AMRUT. So far, 99 smart cities have been selected with an outlay of ₹2.04 lakh Cr. It is good to know that these cities have started implementing the ambitious smart cities mission and about ₹2,350 Cr worth of projects have already been completed. Around ₹20,850 Cr worth of smart city projects are still under progress. With max increase in allocation to the Smart Cities Mission, the Housing and Urban Affairs ministry's budgetary provisions have been pegged at over INR 41,765 Cr for the next fiscal, a hike of 2.82% over 2017-18. HUA ministry was formed after merging the 'urban development' and 'housing and urban poverty alleviation' ministries, which had a total outlay of Rs 40,618 Cr in Union Budget 2017-18. Smart Cities Mission, under which the ministry has announced 99 cities for central assistance, got the highest hike of 54.22% with Rs 6,169 Cr as against Rs 4,000 Cr in 2017-18 Budget. 99 cities have been selected with an outlay of Rs 2.04 lakh Cr. These cities have started implementing various projects. Highest allocation of Rs 15,000 Cr was made for 'Mass Rapid Transit System' and 'Metro Projects' out the total allocation to the HUA ministry. However, the amount was 16.66% lower than Rs 18,000 Cr allocated to them for the current fiscal. AMRUT scheme was allocated Rs 6,000 Cr, a jump of 20% over Rs 5,000 Cr in the current fiscal. AMRUT scheme aims at ensuring robust sewage networks, water supply and other infra’s to improve the quality of life of people in urban areas. Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban), one of the flagship program’s of Modi govt, got a hike of 8.69% with allocation of Rs 2,500 Cr for next fiscal as compared to Rs 2,300 Cr in the current FY. Swachh Bharat Mission has benefited the poor, under the mission, govt has already constructed more than 6 Cr toilets. The positive effect of these toilets is being seen on the dignity of ladies, education of girls and the overall health of family. Govt is planning to construct around 2 Cr toilets. The Swachh Bharat Mission is being implemented by housing and urban affairs ministry in urban areas, while the rural development ministry is responsible for its implementation in rural areas. PMAY (Urban) got just 7.64% hike in the allocation at Rs 6,505 Cr for 2018-19 as compared to Rs 6,042.81 Cr in 2017-18.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Modular Switches

A Brief Review on Top Brands of Modular Switches in India

Best Brands of Modular Switches in India

Since childhood, you might have been seeing & using the switches but when it comes to knowing the modular type of switches that have recently sought huge demand, you may not understand what exactly it means. Modular switches are basically traditional switches which are easier, safer & more convenient to use. The two important components of modular switches are the accessories part that come with switches, sockets, etc. & other part comprises of a diverse range of mounting plates that help you to make several combinations delivering the best flexibility to cater the needs of changing networks. These accessories come in a great package of versatile features such as anti-weld design with more than 1,00,000 ON/OFF operation, shuttered sockets & switches with silver in layed contacts, hidden screws & smooth to operate along with a luxurious appeal that its adds to the interiors. Not to forget to mention, they are user friendly, easy to assemble & install. Before discussing what are the best brands of modular switches in India, letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s have a look at some of the vital advantages of using these modular switches: With child proof sockets

february 2018

& no exposure of current carrying parts of switches, modular switches are highly recommended to have relaxed attitude for people having children at home. It is mainly a poorly maintained traditional switch boards that deteriorate the beauty quotient of the walls. Thereby, the smartest way to uplift the visual appeal of your walls is by affixing designer made modular switches that are available in a whole range of colours to suit your interior colour combination. They are multi-functional because they allow dozens of appliances & gadgets to connect & it even takes care of data/ telephone communication. Since everyone wants to make their walls look contemporary styled with most modern features, here are some of the best brands of modular switches in India:

Finolex

This Indian based Co. that started as a retail shop selling electric cables has passed through many rough patches & has finally emerged as the most diversified & largest cable manufacturer in the country. Through professional Mgt., continual update of tech., strict quality controls, Finolex has been winning satisfied customers & has acquired a significant stance in

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

the industrial map of India. The Finoswitch range of Finolex are available in two types â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Premium & Classic. While the classic ones have semi modular features, the premium ones are modular switches that host a series of best in class attributes such as soft touch operation, flame proof, fluorescent strip for better night vision, made from finest quality polycarbonate material, shock proof operation for added safety, silver coated terminals/ screws/ touchpoints for better contact, etc.

Anchor by Panasonic

The Co. started with the vision to manufacture electrical products of finest quality at a time when the unorganised sector was responsible for rolling out electrical switches or wiring devices. The inception of Anchor in this field over five decades before not only organised the sector but also introduced latest electrical accessories. The brand has over the time made its name synonymous to trust, safety & reliability. Post merger with Japan based Panasonic, Anchor has acquired the brandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s philosophy to manufacture world class eco-friendly products that add value to the lives of people. With more than 3000 exciting products that

||www.electricalmirror.net||

are sold by 5000 dealers & 4,50,000 retail outlets, Anchor has definitely anchored its stance in India. Anchor has been producing modular switches in five ranges – Roma, Panasonic Vision, Roma Viola, Woods & Rider. All these ranges offer elegant & sophisticated designing in many colours, textures & finish to suit your home décor. With the aim to manufacture switch that lights the nation, these modular switches have been endowed with popular features such as Advanced Gliding Tech., screwless terminals for faster, simpler & safer wiring, inner metal plate, blue LED locator for proper visibility at night, enhanced safety with child proof shutters, captive screws, spark shields, etc. Now that you have thorough understanding of what modular switches are & what are the best brands of modular switches available in the Indian market, you can definitely think of replacing your conventional & less safer switches with it. Since switches are vital electrical output units, it is always an intelligent decision to opt for something that not only enhances the safety quotient but also beautifies your interiors.

Schneider

Specialising in electricity distribution, automation Mgt. & production of energy Mgt. installation components is Schneider Electric India, a subsidiary of the French multinational corporation. The Co. is dedicated to develop tech. & solutions that make energy safe, reliable, efficient, green & productive. With 29 global manufacturing plants, 2200+ authorised partners (distributors, system integrators & panel builders), more than 12 sales offices, etc., Schneider Electric India is endeavouring to deeply penetrate in the country’s electrical market. Conforming to the international designing standards, the modular switches range of Schneider is custom made to suit the local needs while ensuring ease & flexibility of use/ installation & safety to the customer. The switches embody a silver inlay design with riveting of moving contacts. They are made from special material for longer life span & are flame retardant. Sockets have shutters that are child proof.

Havells

With its motive of manufacturing in its homeland, India & taking the products to the world market, Havells India Limited is a Fast Moving Electrical Goods (FMEG) Co. that has concreted its global presence owing to its Make In India philosophy, extensive distribution network & superior quality products. Havells claims to be the country’s leading electrical goods brand, which manufactures 90% of its products in house. The Co. has spread its wings across 50 nations while hosting manufacturing units in Europe, China, Africa & Latin America along with 7 production facilities in India itself. Bring a difference to your interior appearance by opting for Coral, Oro or Pearlz range

||www.electricalmirror.net||

of modular switches from Havells Indian portfolio. The latest development in these modular switches is the inclusion of ‘insulated looping’. Since these switches are offered with the Havells reliability & durability, you will have to agree that it is one of the best brands of modular switches available in India. Havells has over 1 lakh retail outlets in India, which are serviced by an extensive distribution network. Additionally the Co. has a chain of exclusive Havells showrooms called Havells Galaxy & offers 24×7 customer service allowing customers to avail their services in over 9 languages.

Philips

A subsidiary of Royal Philips of Netherlands, Philips India Limited is focused on improving people’s lives through meaningful innovations. The Co. is a leader in energy efficient light solutions & new lighting applications. With impeccable innovations & people centric approach, Philips India is dedicated in creating next generation of tech. that meets the ever increasing & varied needs of its customers. The introduction of Philips modular switches in 2009 was initiated with the expectation of 20% growth in market for these switches. With a host of safety features & sleek styling aesthetics, Philips modular switches also come with an FM radio in socket module giving customers the opportunity to tune into their favourite stations with the touch of a scan button. The unique USB charger capability of the modular switch relieves customers of all the traditional & cumbersome methods of charging USB port chargeable devices.

Legrand

Known as the world leader, Legrand, a French Industrial Group, manufactures products & systems for electrical installations & information networks. Present in over 27 countries, the Co. ranks second in India for sale of switches & sockets & ranks first in sale of miniature circuit breakers & distribution boards. The Co. cherishes the brand philosophy – Listen, Design, Make, Support & aims to keep researching to develop innovative products, owing to which it has maintained its stance as India’s pioneer since last four decades. Taking advantage of its expertise, Legrand India has been launching series of new electrical products. With 25 offices dispersed all around the country, more than 7400 retailers & over 600 distribution partners, the Co. aims to deeply penetrate in the commercial & residential segment & establish itself as a brand that promises simplicity of use, simplicity of installation & simplicity of distribution.

L&T

Larsen & Toubro has maintained a fierce stand in the field of electrical & automation & since decades, it has been catering to the needs of industries, utility, building, home, infrastructure & agriculture

segments. The Co. is adept in manufacturing custombuilt switchboards with conventional & intelligent protection, control & communication to fulfil the power distribution & motor control needs of industries. In India, the manufacturing operations of Larsen & Toubro are spread across various locations such as Vadodara, Navi Mumbai, Coimbatore, Ahmednagar & Mysore. What makes the modular switches from L & T unique is the abstract combination of quality, reliability & dependability that they offer. One of the most outstanding feature of their modular switches is that they glow in the dark. Some of the notable attributes of L & T modular switches are that they are made with fire retardant polycarbonate material that improves safety & durability, has silver coated brass terminals for greater strength, spark shield, night locator, finger touch proof terminals, etc.

Wipro

Since its inception in 1991, Wipro Lighting has been known for its rigorous efforts in bringing in innovative products along with unique lighting concepts. Wipro has established its niche as a Co. providing the best in class lighting solutions. The Co. has staunch belief in partnering with their customers, understanding their needs & developing world class lighting solutions that not only meets customers’ expectations but exceeds it. Besides, the Co. has a wide range of sales & service network spread across different parts of the country in a bid to be by customer’s side always. Wipro’s electrical products manufacturing wing, North-west is one of the most sought after modular switch brand in India. The Co. has rendered the modular switches with glossy finish for added elegant appeal & these switches flaunt radium markers for visibility at night, protective spark shield for added safety, thermoset housing for safe electrical insulation, silver coated metal parts for better current conductivity, etc.

Havells & V-Guard Financial Review

Both the CoS have been industry leaders & steady performers in the consumer electricals space over the years. This can be predominantly attributed to their robust fundamentals, clearly defined future strategies, & strong execution capabilities. Electrical component manufacturers in India have been posting a strong show on the back of government’s emphasis on pan-India electrification & housing, coupled with the commonly talked about GST transition from unorganised entities to organised ones. Havells India & V-Guard, amongst the industry leaders in this space, have been steady performers. This can be predominantly attributed to their robust fundamentals, clearly defined future strategies, & strong execution capabilities. Both companies reported a very good set of numbers in the quarter gone by.

Havells India (market cap: Rs 36,461

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

ocus: Modular Switches

crore)

Havells - Q3FY18 Performance Review

Despite several headwinds during the last few quarters, Havells top-line growth was impressive, particularly led by its lighting & electrical goods segments. The margin improvement was on account of discontinuation of some discount-related schemes, price hikes taken (to offset high raw material costs), & lower ad spends. The demand for switchgears remains subdued because of weak construction activity. To arrest margin erosion, Havells intends to change the product mix in favour of high-end variants & focus more on new product launches. The Co.’s cable & wires segment grappled with the issue of volume de-growth due to volatility in commodity prices, slowdown in project businesses, & postponement of purchases by consumers in anticipation of a GST rate cut (from 28%-18%). A reduced rate may provide a fillip to the underground cable sub-segment from Q4FY18. Havells lighting division sales are estimated to gain traction due to increased demand across the consumer & professional business sub-segments. In a bid to strengthen the order book, the Co. aims to increase the % contribution from the B2B customers, which is very minimal at the moment, to 33% of the segment’s revenues. Since 50-60% of the sales from the electrical consumer durables segment pertains to fans alone (balance 40% pertains to water heaters & other appliances), a demand uptick in the next two quarters (because of hot weather in most parts of India) is likely to boost the performance of this segment. Going forward, the acquisition of Lloyd’s business will play a pivotal role in Havells growth since it gives the Co. an opportunity to explore under-penetrated categories like ACs, washing machines, & refrigerators (through multi-brand outlets such as Croma & Reliance). Q4, a seasonally strong quarter for such consumer durables, will be the one to watch out for. Barring a few bottlenecks in some segments, Havells integration across product categories & impetus on branding/premiumisation positions it strongly to achieve economies of scale.

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

Financials (Rs Cr)

Q3FY18

Q3FY17

YoY Change

9MFY18

9MFY17

YoY Change

Net Revenue

1965.8

1506.0

30.5%

5603.7

4425.1

26.6%

262.2

190.7

37.5%

691.6

594.5

16.3%

13.3%

12.7%

67 bps

12.3%

13.4%

-109 bps

36.3

30.1

20.6%

104.8

88.9

17.9%

5.5

1.5

258.8%

15.6

5.1

209.1%

Adjusted PAT

179.2

138.9

29.0%

471.8

430.6

9.6%

PAT Margin

9.1%

9.2%

11bps

8.4%

9.7%

-131 bps

2.87

2.22

28.9%

7.55

6.89

9.5%

YoY Change

EBITDA EBITDA Margin Depreciation Interest

Adjusted EPS (Rs)

Source: Company Filing Havells - Q3FY18 Segment Performance Q3FY18

Q3FY17

YoY Change

9MFY18

9MFY17

Switchgears

Financials (Rs Cr)

344.3

345.9

-0.5%

1029.8

1076.4

-4.3%

% of Total

17.5%

21.3%

-3.8%

18.0%

22.6%

-4.7% 0.05%

Cable

625.6

682.9

-8.4%

1914.6

1915.5

31.8%

42.1%

-10.3%

33.4%

40.3%

-6.8%

287.1

249.6

15.0%

846.0

739.7

14.4%

14.6%

15.4%

-0.8%

14.8%

15.6%

-0.8%

415.8

343.6

21.0

1105.0

1022.9

8.0%

21.2%

0.0%

19.3%

21.5%

-2.2%

293.0

0.0

830.0

0.0

% of Total

14.9%

0.0%

14.9%

14.5%

0.0%

14.5%

Total Revenue

1965.8

1622.1

21.2%

5725.4

4754.5

20.4%

% of Total Lighting & Fixtures % of Total Electrical Consumer Durables % of Total Lloyd Consumer

Source: Company Filing

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Havells - Q3FY18 Segment Performance Financials (Rs Cr) Switchgears

Q3FY18

Q3FY17

YoY Change

9MFY18

9MFY17

YoY Change

138.0

129.1

6.9%

404.9

417.0

-2.9%

% of Total EBIT

27.7%

35.2%

-7.5%

29.3%

37.9%

-8.5%

EBIT Margin

40.1%

37.3%

277 bps

39.3%

38.7%

58 bps

107.0

86.9

23.1%

306.3

238.1

28.6%

% of Total EBIT

21.5%

23.7%

-2.2%

22.2%

21.6%

0.6%

EBIT Margin

17.1%

12.%

438 bps

16.0%

12.4%

356 bps

81.8

69.6

17.5%

235.9

192.0

22.9%

16.4%

19.0%

-2.6%

17.1%

17.4%

-0.4%

Cable

Lighting & Fixtures % of Total EBIT EBIT Margin

the next 5 years. A significant chunk of this growth will be achieved through brown goods (kitchen appliances) & high-quality switches. V-Guard has all the building blocks to benefit from accelerated formalisation of the economy & a series of brand-building steps taken by it. The Co. is open to pursuing inorganic growth opportunities as well. Nonetheless, at 38x FY20 projected earnings, the stock leaves no valuation comfort for a prospective investor. Accumulation on corrections is recommended. Havells - Q3FY18 Performance Reviw Financials (Rs Cr)

28.5%

27.9%

60 bps

27.9%

26.0%

192 bps

123.0

80.9

51.9%

294.0

254.3

15.6%

EBITDA

% of Total EBIT

27.7%

22.1%

2.6%

21.3%

23.1%

-1.8%

EBITDA Margin

EBIT Margin

Electrical Consumer Durables

29.6%

23.6%

602 bps

26.6%

24.9%

175 bps

Lloyd Consumer

48.0

0.0

140.0

0.0

% of Total EBIT

9.6%

0.0%

9.6%

10.1%

0.0%

10.1%

EBIT Margin Total EBIT Total EBIT Margin

16.4%

16.9%

497.7

366.5

35.8%

1381.0

1101.3

25.4%

25.3%

22.6%

273 bps

24.1%

23.2%

96 bps

Source: Company Filing

Q3FY18

Q3FY17

YoY Change

9MFY18

9MFY17

YoY Change

523.5

441.1

18.7%

1643.0

1475.2

11.4%

49.4

36.1

36.9%

149.1

151.8

-1.8%

9.4%

8.2%

125 bps

9.1%

10.3%

-122 bps 16.3%

Net Revenue

Depreciation

4.8

4.2

13.8%

14.0

12.0

Interest

0.5

-5.6%

1.4

1.6

16.8%

35.8

25.3

41.4%

105.51

105.50

0.01%

6.8%

5.7%

110 bps

6.4%

7.2%

-73 bps

0.84

0.60

40.0%

2.48

2.50

-0.8%

PAT PAT Margin EPS (Rs)

Source: Company Filing Havells - Q3FY18 Segment Performance

Havells - Projections

Segment Revenue (Rs Cr)

Q3FY18

Q3FY17

YoY Change

9MFY18

9MFY17

YoY Change

Consolidated Financials (Rs Cr)

FY20

Electronics

129.3

117.8

9.8%

520.7

472.0

10.3%

Projected

% of Total

24.7%

26.3%

-1.6%

31.5%

31.6%

-0.1%

Electricals

245.4

203.3

20.7%

715.4

645.1

10.9%

% of Total

46.9%

45.4%

1.4%

43.3%

43.2%

0.1%

148.8

126.2

17.9%

416.5

376.8

10.5%

28.4%

28.2%

0.2%

25.2%

0.0%

523.5

447.2

17.1%

1652.5

1493.9

10.6%

FY17

FY18 Projected

FY19 Projected

Revenue

6,135.3

8,262.9

10,109.9

11,852.9

YoY Change

14.1%

34.7%

22.4%

17.2%

824.1

1043.1

1341.5

1641.8

13.4%

12.6%

13.3%

13.9%

Adjusted PAT

596.9

704.8

898.7

1123.0

Adjusted PAT Margin

9.7%

8.5%

8.9%

9.5%

9.6

11.3

14.4

18.0

EBITDA EBITDA Margin

Adjusted EPS (Rs)

Source: Reuters

V-Guard Industries (market cap: Rs 10,125 crore)

V-Guard reported healthy double-digit turnover growth across categories such as digital UPS, fans, cables & wires, kitchen appliances, & switchgears. On the other hand, sale of stabilisers, water heaters, & pumps was fairly tepid. Market share gain in non-south markets (grew 25% YoY), increased visibility, brand penetration, product portfolio expansion, & accelerated shift towards organised players in southern India were some of the key reasons that led to a good financial performance in Q3FY18. To cash in on the favourable demand scenario in the upcoming peak season (Q4), V-Guard’s plans to enhance the reach of its brands through higher advertisement & promotional spends. By doing so, the Co. will reposition itself as a pan-India multi-product player in the consumer electricals space. V-Guard introduced rice cookers in the markets of AP & TS, whereas modular switches (an extension of wire accessories & switchgear) were launched in KL. These will strengthen the Co.’s stronghold in its core region (south) & lead to incremental revenue from the fast-growing consumer durables & electricals segments. In terms of network augmentation, V-Guard’s blueprint includes adding 15,000 retailers across India over the next five years, most of which will be in the non-South regions. The possibility of setting up an omnichannel is also under consideration. These measures may enable the Co. to achieve a 15% CAGR growth over the next 2-3 years. To diversify geographical risks, V-Guard envisages increasing the contribution of non-south markets to total operating income from 40% at present to 50% or more over

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Consumer Durables % of Total Total Revenue

Source: Company Filing V-Guard Industries - Q3FY18 Segment Performance Segment EBIT (RS Cr)

Q3FY18

Q3FY17

YoY Change

9MFY18

9MFY17

14.3

10.9

31.3%

65.3

65.0

0.5%

% of Total EBIT

30.7%

31.7%

-1.0%

46.2%

44.3%

1.9%

EBIT Margin

11.1%

9.3%

181 bps

12.5%

13.8%

-123 bps

26.0

15.2

71.1%

52.1

50.9

2.4%

% of Total EBIT

55.5%

44.0%

11.5%

36.9%

34.7%

2.2%

EBIT Margin

10.6%

7.5%

312 bps

7.3%

7.9%

-60 bps

6.5

8.4

-22.9%

23.8

30.8

-22.8%

13.8%

24.3%

-10.5%

16.9%

21.0%

-4.2%

4.3%

6.6%

-230 bps

5.7%

8.2%

-247 bps

Electronics

Electricals

Consumer Durables % of Total EBIT EBIT Margin Total EBIT Total EBIT Margin

YoY Change

46.8

34.5

35.6%

141.2

146.7

-3.7%

8.9%

7.7%

122 bps

8.5%

9.8%

-128 bps

Source: Company Filing

V-Guard Industries Projections Consolidated Financials (Rs Cr)

FY17

FY18

FY19

FY20

Projected

Revenue

2,150.6

2,393.3

2,774.7

3,228.5

YoY Change

15.5%

11.3%

15.9%

16.4%

215.0

238.6

292.5

349.6

EBITDA

10.2%

10.0%

10.5%

10.8%

PAT

EBITDA Margin

151.8

171.0

215.0

265.2

PAT Margin

7.1%

7.7%

8.2%

3.6

4.0

5.1

6.2

EPS (Rs)

Source: Reuters

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

uest Article

Workers traveling on country boats to reach site

400-KV EMERGENCY RESTORATION SYSTEM INTRODUCTION:

Supply of continuous and reliable power will be the most important aspect of a transmission line network. But, these lines are subjected to several natural disasters like earthquake, flood, landslides and hurricanes. Power failure due to these scenarios make a severe financial damage to consumers, utilities and the power producing units. It is necessary that these transmission line utilities take precautionary actions to avoid and reduce these disruptions. Hence it is extremely important to restore the line as quickly as possible after an outage â&#x20AC;&#x201C; whether it is planned or due a natural disaster.

EMERGENCY RESTORATION SYSTEM:

Emergency Restoration System (ERS) structures are a temporary solution designed to bypass the existing transmission towers of any voltage in any terrain. They will be used until the main line is reconductored or restored. The entire structure can then be disassembled and reused. The structure is supported by combination of guys and can be installed without any civil foundation. Erection is made ease with the usage of Gin Pole which negates the need of heavy machineries. Use of composite insulated cross arm will reduce the crossarm load on the structure and also the clearance required for insulator swing. ERS towers have proved to be an effective solution for immediate restoration of transmission line. One fine example of such is an abandoned 400-kV Quad Double Circuit Line between Barh and Motihari in Bihar. Supreme was given the job of restoring the line. The double circuit line was transferred to 3 sets of ERS tower with two towers in each set thereby forming a double circuit. There was no road access to the site. Survey and even transportation of materials to site was made using country

Modular Supports for Anchoring

february 2018

over the sand dune

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

Sand Bags arranged along the edge

boats. Rowing the boat with tower materials was difficult as the river current was increasing as the day progress. Secondly, the span across the river was too long and hence it was necessary for us to install a tower in the middle of the river. Fortunately, the site survey made by our team found a sand dune in the middle of the river which was effectively used to install the tower. The real challenge started at the time of installing the anchors. Soil was too soft that it was not suitable for installing any type of anchors. Modular supports were specially designed for this considering the guy angle and ease for transportation. The long modular steel supports offer the large width that is necessary for both connecting the guy wires and also increasing the stability of the ERS tower. Thirdly, we need to ensure that the conductor is not immersed in the river as it may add as an extra load on the conductor during stringing. Pulling the conductor while it is subjected to a heavy river current would have severely stressed the tower. In order to avoid such issues, water cans were tied on the conductor so that the conductor floats on the river. Only tension towers in ERS were used in order to reduce the sag and obtain the required vertical clearance across the river. Further, long rod insulators of 160 kN were used for attaching the guy wires to ensure the clearance between the phase and guy wire. Embankment was made using sand bags to prevent the erosion of the bank. As the tower will remain there for next three months, local people saw this as an opportunity and started cultivating crops Line was charged on 10th January, 2018 and will evacuate around 800-1000MW of power for the next three months with the help of ERS. Without ERS, this prolonged outage would have resulted in a serious economic loss to the utility.

Long Rod Insulators attached with guy

Crops being cultivated on the sand dune

Two ERS tower forming a Double Circuit

Stringing of conductor from existing tower to ERS

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Our Goal is to Achieve Complete Customer Satisfaction With a Wide Range of Products and Reliable Services We introduce ourselves as Hemkunt Electronics which is well known in the field of industrial Electrical and Electroinics Since 1993 promoted by Mr. A,P. Singh a qualified engineer . Hemkunt Electronics is a rapidly growing organization established with a vision to offer the best quality electrical/electronic & software based automation products under the brand name of AUTOSAPIAN & ALERT to customers across the globe. Our durable and dependable products are available at the most competitive prices. A large scale manufacturing capability has helped us establish our competitiveness in the global market. Our highly professional and skilled team of enthusiastic, dedicated Engineers serves as the backbone for our Organization. Hemkunt Electronics is the leading INDIAN manufacturer and exporter of sensors, controllers, motor drives, panel, transformers & coils and safety relays under the brand name of AUTOSAPIAN AND ALERT in Delhi . We produce over 1,000 items which are marketed in over 58 cities in India and exported over many countries around the globe, satisfying customer needs in various fields of industrial automation. Our goal is to achieve complete customer satisfaction with a wide range of products and reliable services. We maintain continuous R&D efforts and strict quality management policies to ensure success. Also, we are deeply concerned about our environment and adhere to global compliance regulations. We will continue our efforts in order to provide advanced and productive automation solutions to our customers and become a trusted partner in the global automation market. Hemkunt Electronics Float Level Sensor is one of the versatile & efficient means of liquid sensing & controlling. It combines reliable design with wide range of material of construction to make it suitable for level sensing of various liquids in tanks and open pits . Its unique features like easy installation, fail-safe rugged operation and low cost, makes it most versatile.

fuse blown indication • Relays with Socket or Directly soldered on PCB • Available Coil/Signal Voltage is 5V, 12V, 24V, 48V, 110V, 220V, 415VAC/DC.

Level Sensors

THE HI-ALERT SENSORS are available in SS/PP construction and are made in different lengths for single or multi level sensing of liquids. SS floats are used for high temperature and food grade applications. These level sensors can also be connected with separate available optional “controllers” which incorporates level hold on circuitry & potential free contact relay output of 5 Amps., For controlling Pump/motor or valve. “Level sensor” together with “Controller unit” works as level controller for various liquids and tank sizes. It offer solid state reliability, very low power consumption, and consistent activation points over a wide temp. Range in a rugged and environmentally isolated package. Hemkunt Electronics specializes in customizing designs to specific customer needs for a wide range of applications. Please feel free contact us to provide the optimal solution for your specific needs. HEMKUNT Relays Modules are being used as the interface between the two circuits at same or different potential to archive: • Electrical Isolation between the controller and the load side. • For PLC Output Interface Isolation • And to interface different potential • Relays From 1Channel /2/4/8/16 nos. on one board • Relays with 1/2/4 Changeover • With/ Without fuse protection with / without

Relay Modules

We offer our range of premium quality Transformer/ Coils/Line Chokes, which cater to the demands of different industries. These are developed using cutting edge technology under the supervision of expert professionals. We have used superior quality raw material to manufacture these, which impart them high durability.

Isolation Transformers

Contact Details Hemkunt Electronics 4583/13, Street No-12, Jai Mata Market, Tri Nagar, Delhi-110035 Phonne: 011-27394466, +91-9810822092 +91-8800445951 Email: hemkuntalert@gmail.com info@hemkuntelectronics.com Web: www.hemkuntelectronics.com

Icon Media Group

roduct Info

Gandhi Rolling Shutters - Quality Engineered

andhi Automations Pvt Ltd, Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s No. 1 Entrance Automation & Loading Bay Equipment Company, is the only manufacturer of Rolling Shutters certified to ISO 9001 - 2008 quality management system. This has resulted in the implementation of continuous improvement in personnel training, production, inspection, equipment calibration, machinery maintenance, logistics and customer relations. The product engineering team uses the latest software combined with technologically advanced machinery to offer to the customer a well-engineered product. Over years of meticulously working on the design, fabrication and installation, Gandhi Automations has developed technical expertise in manufacturing various kinds of Automated Rolling Shutters. The Research and Development team with its extensive know-how and experience are

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

able to produce specific types of Rolling Shutters unique to certain sites and client requirements. A consistent quality product has thus become the hallmark of Gandhi Automations' manufacturing process right through installation to after sales service. Gandhi Rolling Shutters are ideal for situations where side room is at a premium and security is required. Our Rolling Shutters require very little headroom above the structural opening. They combine strength with elegance along with durability and are designed for both external and internal applications. Gandhi Rolling Shutters are fabricated of interlocking Galvanized Insulated and Non Insulated, Stainless Steel, patented Aluminum or Polycarbonate profiles and patented MS Rolling Grills. Each of our Rolling Shutters is designed to

the clients specifications conforming to IS 6248 and solidly constructed to promote trouble-free operation and long life. Gandhi Rolling Shutters fit openings to a maximum width of 30,000 mm and height of 40,000 mm with an endless array of options to satisfy both aesthetic considerations as well as working requirement.

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

roduct Info

KUSAM-MECO” AC/DC TRMS DIGITAL CLAMPMETER MODEL - KM 2777

“KUSAM-MECO” has introduced a new AC/DC TRMS Digital Clampmeter Model KM 2777. It has features, functions & ranges never seen before in one Digital Clamp-on Multimeter . It has 3-5/6 digits 6,000 + 3-1/2 digits 1,999 counts Dual LCD display with 5/sec update rate. It measures AC & DC Current upto 2000 Amps. It can measure fundamental Voltage & frequency of most Variable Frequency Drives (VFD). It meets the requirements for CAT IV 1000V AC & DC & is UL Approved. Its Jaw size is 55mm. An additional feature is Non-Contact- EF Detection. For precise indication of live circuits it has Probe contact EF detection function also. It has transient protection upto 12 KV (1.2/50μs) providing excellent protections for those who are safety conscious. It has CAT IV 1 KV High Safety over Voltage Category. The Digital Clampmeter has unbeatable 400 KHz DC + AC Performance & VFD features. It has high basic accuracy of 0.5% (DCV) and Resolution 1mV DC. It has Auto & manual ranging functions except in Hz & Capacitance function range. To provide clear reading of the displayed value in the dark, it has backlight LCD display. The Voltage measurement is upto 1000 V AC/DC with

high impedance, also it can measure Noisy High Voltage AC Frequencies upto 1999Hz in dual display. It has Capacitance measurement function upto 2000μF. It can do continuity tests at very fast speed. It has PC interface capability with optional purchase of USB Cable software. It has AC/DC Voltage, AC+DC Voltage, AC/DC Current (clamp on),Autocheck DCV, Autocheck ACV, VFD ACV, Ohm & Autocheck Ohm, Capacitance, Temperature, DC + ACA current (clamp on), Hz line level Frequency, Non-Contact EF-Detection measurement. It has Diode Test, Continuity Test, Peak Hold, Display Hold, Relative-Zero Mode, Range-Lock & Function-Lock function. The meter meets the requirements for Double insulation per IEC/EN61010-1 2nd Ed., UL61010-1 2nd Ed., & CAN/CSA C22.2 No.61010.1-0.92. This meter operates on standard 1.5V AA Size battery x 2. It's dimension is 264(L) x 97(W) x 43(H) mm & weight about 608g . USB interface kit BRUA-19X, It is supplied with Carrying Case, Test leads(pair), Operating manual & Bkp60 banana plug K-type Thermocouple x 1. BKB32 banana plug to type-K socket plug adaptor is Optional Accessory

Priliminary Data

‘KUSAM MECO’ 4½ DIGITS DIGITAL MULTIMETER MODELDMM90– 13 Functions and 29 Ranges ‘KUSAM-MECO’ has introduced a versatile Digital Multimeter cum Model-DMM 90. It is an Average sensing DMM. It has 4 ½ digits large LCD display with 19999 Counts. It has a unique feature wherein the LCDdisplay shows the terminals where the test leadsare to be inserted to avoid wrong connection &damage to the meter. Also, it contains Alarm buzzer which sounds when the leads are connected to the wrong input terminals with reference to the switch position. It has recessed safety designed input jacks. It has many functions including measurement of DC voltage 10μV to 1000V in 5 steps i.e; 200mV, 2V, 20V, 200V & 1000V and AC voltage from 100μV to 1000V in 4 steps i.e; 2V, 20V, 200V & 1000V. Also it measures DC current 0.1μA to 20A in 4 steps i.e; 2mA, 200mA, 2A& 20A and AC current 0.1μA to 20A in 4 steps i.e; 2mA, 200mA, 2A& 20A. Also, it measures

Resistance 10mΩ to 200MΩ in 5 steps i.e; 200Ω, 2KΩ, 20KΩ, 2MΩ, 200MΩ. It has capacitance range from 0.1pF to 20μF in 4 steps i.e; 2nF, 20nF, 2μF & 20μF and measures frequency upto20KHz. Also, it measures temperature from -40°c to 1000°c (K- Type Thermocouple). Also, we can perform transistor, diode & continuity multi test. It has auto zero calibration and auto polarity Display. It has overload protection in all ranges. It has facility for low battery indication and auto power off. Accessories contains a pair of test lead, Holster, Thermo couple plug test clip & Type-K Thermocouple (250°c). Optional accessories contains current clamp adapter CA 500, CA 1000, CA 2000 & contains High voltage probe PD-28. The dimensions are : 179(L)×88(W)×39(H) mm. The weight is 380 gms

For more details Contact: KUSAM ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. G‐17, Bharat Industrial Estate, T.J. Road, Sewree (W), Mumbai – 400015, Maharashtra. Tel.: (022) 24181649 / 24124540 Fax: +91‐22‐24149659 E‐mail: kusam_meco@vsnl.net Website: www.kusamelectrical.com; www.kusam‐meco.co.in

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Eaton Makes Managing Power Reliable and Safe

Eaton’s VS1 Vacuum Circuit Breaker

With the growth in power production and transmission and Government policies to make power accessible to all in India, one of the most important imperatives for the power sector today is modernization power equipment. it is crucial to make power management more efficient while reducing losses and making electricity safer. As global technology leader in power management solutions, Eaton is responding to some of the most critical electrical power management challenges that the country faces today. Eaton’s comprehensive range of efficient products and services can help make power across utility, commercial, industrial and residential infrastructure more safe and reliable. Eaton is introducing some exciting technology at Elecrama 2018 including:

Eaton’s VS1 Vacuum Circuit Breaker

Eaton’s VS1 Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB) is a medium voltage VCB operating on mature spring operation mechanism and adopting Eaton VI technology. It is a highly reliable technology that provides operational convenience and easy maintenance. Ideal for Engineering Programs: The VS1 stands out as an Ideal contact material and shape, ensuring low current carrying value and stable contact resistance. It has an integrated design of the main conductive circuit that has compound isolation material and operating mechanism. It has a compact and logical structure, assuring more reliable and safer operation. The compact design enables the breaker to be installed within almost all switchgears, switching resistive, inductive and capacitive loads in an ideal way. It offers superior cost performance, ideal choice for engineering programs. Versatile Applications : Anti-rust coating, self-lubrication design, erosion-proof parts enhance

the life of the VCB. In addition, the epoxy resin insulation cylinder manufactured with APG process can withstand severe environmental impacts, enabling VS1 breakers to be used in all kinds of situations. The utilization of special contact material and primary tulip contact ensures VS1 devices applicable for all medium voltage cases. High Performance, Low Maintenance : Due to its reliable interlocking and stable performance, it can be applied within most of centrally installed switchgears. In the places where old generation switchgears are used, Eaton’s fixed type VS1 breaker can still achieve mechanical interlocking function with dedicated mechanical interlocking mechanism to coordinate with the old generation switchgear. Simple structure design of Eaton’s VS1 vacuum circuit breaker minimizes fault occurrence, and simplifies daily maintenance.

Product Specifications: Eaton’s VS1 meets IEC, GB

and DL standards and is available in the range of 3.2 KV to 12 KV. It majorly comprises of a fixed terminal, an end shield, ceramic envelope, contacts, main shield and bellows. It also has various customization options available as well, like shunt opening release, overvoltage release, under-voltage release, over-current release, closing latch etc. that make equipment more safe and reliable. Some key specification include: • Very long life ranging from 10,000 times to 50,000 times • High current breaking capability – up to 80kA • High insulating intensity • Low chopping current – < 3 Amp • Low re-ignition rate - verge to zero for 12kV and less than 1% for 40.5kV • Low leaking rate - < 0.001%, • High vacuum degree - ≥1*10-4Pa, • Low internal resistance - <15μ.

2 breaking capability versions – 55KA and 66KA. It has an electrical life of 6000 cycles and mechanical life of 20000 cycles. Enhanced Safety with Superior Arc Handling: Arcing chamber and contact system is designed with distinguished technology that can significantly improve the breaking capability. It also optimizes the current sensing path and acting time that can greatly shorten the tripping time in case of large fault current. The PSL comes with a very high Arc handling capacity. It is built with a special plate design, which gives maximum space to handle arc. The streamline plates require minimum time to guide arc into the chamber. Moreover, the PSL comes with a variety of protection functions such as overload long-time delay protection, short-time delay, instantaneous, ground fault, neutral line N-pole protection, current unbalance protection etc. that makes it a technology you can count on. Higher Endurance, Longer Life : The PSL is made of recyclable thermoplastic material and operates with a special grease to work for low temperature (up to -40℃). The breaker design adopts high strength DMC material, which has great insulation characteristics and mechanical strength ensuring excellent insulation capability. The double-contact structure improves the electric life of products. In addition, the optimized design realizes compensation to the contact pressure and improves the product reliability, especially the ability to withstand short circuit.

Easy Installation : The PSL is very simple to choose and easy to install with zero flashover that supports both forward and reverse power feeding as well as both horizontal or vertical connections. At Elecrama 2018, Eaton is showcasing a range of technologies and also introducing some exciting and innovative solutions. Visit Eaton at Elecrama 2018 in Delhi at Hall 2, Stall L 26.

Eaton PSL Air Circuit Breaker

Eaton’s PSL series of Air Circuit Breakers (ACB) delivers performance without compromise. It brings an assured quality and safety you can trust. With an exceptional reliability and flexibility in its class, it provides an unbeatable value throughout its lifecycle.

Product Specifications: Eaton’s PSL ACB has a fully protected neutral line on 4P type 4 pole breakers. It is available in 2 frame sizes – 2000A and 4000A with Eaton PSL Air Circuit Breaker

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018

Accord Electropower Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................ 19

Mennekes Electric India Pvt. Ltd. ......................................................

Arcotech Ltd. .....................................................................................

NEO Tele-Tronix Pvt. Ltd. ...................................................................

Automation Expo 2018 .......................................................................

Neoflex Industries LLP .......................................................................

Compaq International (P) Limited. .................................................... 15

Next Gen Equipments Pvt. Ltd. .......................................................

IFC

Electrotherm (India) Ltd. .................................................................... 17

Parovi Machines ................................................................................

Gandhi Automations Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................ P-09

PCI LTD. ....................................................................................... FGF, BC

GTB Transformers ................................................................................ 29

Power Finance Corporation Ltd. ........................................................ IBC

Hemkunt Electronics ............................................................................ 53

R.K Engineering Pvt. Ltd. .................................................................

Indian Transformers & Electrical Pvt. Ltd. .........................................

Raj Petro Specialities Pvt. Ltd. ........................................................

Kamadhenu Wires ...............................................................................

Skipper Limited .................................................................................

KVTEK Power Systems Pvt. Ltd. .......................................................... P-01

Supreme & Company ........................................................................

Laxmi Electronics ................................................................................. 41

Suresh Enterprises .............................................................................

M & I Materials India Pvt. Ltd. ......................................................... P-05

Trans-Power Tech ...............................................................................

Maxwell Scientific Corporation ............................................................ 73

The United Trafotech .........................................................................

february 2018

ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

february 2018