Electrical Mirror March 2018 Issue by Icon Media Group

EDITOR’S DESK Dear Reader! Editor

Alka Puri Sub Editor

Ambika Gagar Associate Editor

N.P.K. Reddy

Editorial Advisor

Priyanka Roy Chaudhary Design & Production

Sr. Designer - Mukesh Kumar Sah National Business Head-India

Subhash Chandra Email: s.chandra@electricalmirror.net Manager West & South India

Pradeep Kumar Email: pradeep.k@electricalmirror.net Sales & Marketing

Neha Rajesh Kumar Hemant Chauhan

The government says that ‘India is a power surplus country’ but still unable to reach to the small and rural areas due to poor network connectivity. Does poor connectivity means poor technology or the slow technology is what reveals that still we cannot proof our self as a self sufficient in power sector. Accordingly if a village is 10% electrified and getting power for its all purpose work, like household, hospital, school etc. means the village is electrified, and this is achieving by various schemes under the (DDUGJY) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana and Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyuntikaran Yojana (RGGVY) boosting up the government plans provide electricity almost four crore families. Advance technology and digitalization is what we are moving head towards, but some or the other way we are trying to make a balance between the urban and rural facilitates schemes, so that the opportunities will be distribute equally respectively. The urban areas facilitates by the government on high priority, in a same way the rural place has too. Smart Meter is nascent stage in India to do so far it has been tested by those companies who are equipped by latest technology and well so far financially also support this very well.

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Praveen Chauhan Email: subscribe@electricalmirror.net Call: 011-6510 4350/ 011-2275 8660 All rights reserved by all events are made to ensure that the information published is correct; Electrical Mirror holds no responsibility any unlikely errors that might occur. Printed, published and owned by Usha, Published from 13/455, Block No. 13, Trilok Puri, Delhi-110091 and printed at Bright Tree, C-40, Gate No.-4, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020. e-mail: brighttreesolutions@gmail.com

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INTERVIEW

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32 || Ather Salim || || Director || || Next Gen Equipment Pvt Ltd ||

Special Focus

Role of Discoms in The Growth (and Future) of Rooftop Solar Market in India

Cover Story

Test & Measurement Equipment Market Trends, Drivers, Worth and Smart Testing

News Update

ISMA Withdraws its Last Year Petition on Solar Imports, to File Fresh Petition Case Study of The Month

VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION Contdâ&#x20AC;¦.

Industry Feature

Pre Elecrama 2018

ELECRAMA 2018 : FOCUS ON NEW ELECTRICITY ERA

Guest Article

Application Story

Product Info Kyristu Meco

Projects

Industry Focus Manufacturing's Next act: Automation and Industry 4.0

Washington PUD Relies on Thermal Imaging to Keep the Lights on for Residents

Tenders

Future Prospects of Indian Hydropower Potential & Implementation, Infrastructural, Financial Issues

SKIPPER OFFERS HIGH-QUALITY PRODUCTS...

The Evolving Smartmeters Scenario: A Brief Review

Special Feature

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Advertisement Index Event Diary

ews of the Month

ISMA Withdraws its Last Year Petition on Solar Imports, to File Fresh Petition

The Indian Solar Manufacturers’ Association (ISMA) has withdrawn a petition it had filed in July last year for anti-dumping investigation on solar cells and modules imported from China, Taiwan and Malaysia, and will file a fresh plea, seeking to extend the period of investigation after a considerable increase in solar imports was noticed in the second half of 2017. “We had filed the petition for Antidumping duty on solar cells and modules, covering the period of investigation till June 2017. However, the import trends since then have made the period of investigation irrelevant,” ISMA said in a statement. With an increase in volume of imports of cells and modules by 33 to 45 per cent between July to December

last year, it was imperative to ‘contemporarize’ the period of investigation, the statement added. The period of investigation for the petition which has now been withdrawn, was April 2016 to June 2017. Dhruv Sharma, governing council member of ISMA, said that the industry body is quite confident of a duty levy and they will file a fresh petition with the Directorate General of Anti-Dumping and Allied Duties in about two weeks’ time. “The petition has a very solid ground. Very clearly, there is huge dumping from China, Taiwan and Malaysia. We are very clear, that it should come. But procedures are procedures,” he added. Indian solar developers have been vocal about the repercussions of anti-dumping and safeguard duties, which will shoot up project costs and ultimately lead to higher solar tariffs. Domestic solar manufacturers, on the other hand, have made a strong case for imports crippling their businesses. Indian solar developers have been vocal about the repercussions of anti-dumping and safeguard duties, which will shoot up project costs and ultimately lead

Sembcorp Energy Arm Wins 300 MW Wind Project

Sembcorp Energy India Ltd (SEIL) said it has been awarded a 300-megawatt project in the country's third wind power auction conducted recently. This is the third consecutive win for the subsidiaries of Sembcorp Green Infra, a wholly-owned arm of SEIL, a company statement said. The nationwide wind power auction was conducted by Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI). With this order, SEIL has bagged a combined capacity of 800 MW from the three auctions, which is by far the largest combined capacity won by an independent power producer, it added. SECI in a letter of award has confirmed acceptance of SEIL's final offer and

committed to purchase power from the new project. The project is proposed to be set up in Gujarat. After completion, the project's entire power output would be sold to SECI under a 25-year power purchase agreement. The project will be connected to India's Interstate Transmission System and supply power to many states, helping them meet renewable energy requirement. As of December 31, 2017, SEIL had a total power generation capacity of 4.07 GW, comprising 3.57 GW of operating capacity and 0.50 GW of under construction capacity.

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to higher solar tariffs. Domestic solar manufacturers, on the other hand, have made a strong case for imports crippling their businesses. "We believe withdrawal of the anti dumping case is a step in the right direction by the Indian manufacturers. We hope that the revised case filing from them will take into account the realities of the global market," said Kushagra Nandan, President of solar EPC company SunSource. A revision in ISMA’s petition will make their case only stronger as the decision on safeguards duty is imminent, said Vinay Rustagi, managing director of solar consultancy firm Bridge to India. The Directorate General of Safeguards in January this year proposed 70% safeguard duty on imported solar cells and modules, after a petition was filed by ISMA again. “The government seems sympathetic to the concerns of the manufacturers and it is really a move for them to make their case even stronger. I think right now a more pressing matter is the safeguards duty where the market has been anticipating a decision very shortly,” Rustagi added.

Spot Power Bills Soar on Coal Auction Price Rise

Spot power prices in India have increased almost a rupee per unit since April last year mainly because of higher e-auction price of coal. Prices at e-auctions rose almost 16% while spot power rates increased 18% in the first nine months of the current fiscal. Coal India sold 18% more coal at the auctions. Many independent power producers buy coal auctioned by Coal India, and their generation cost depends on the price at the e-auction.

“As coal prices are on the rise, they are quoting higher prices for the power they intend to sell,” said Rajesh K Mediratta, director-business development at Indian Energy Exchange. A senior Coal India executive said average auction prices in AprilDecember 2017 was Rs 1,738 per tonne while in the last three months of the same period it was Rs 1,998 per tonne. It rose further to Rs 2,089 in January. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ews of the Month

India to be Dominant Source of Energy Growth from 2030

India is a Power Surplus Country But Electricity Does not Reach all Regions

"The installed power generation capacity is 330 GW. The available power is 220 GW. The peak rated requirement is about 155 GW. In term of power capacity and requirement, yes (India is a power surplus country)," Power Secretary A K Bhalla said during a panel discussion here when asked whether it is an illusion that India is a power surplus state. "But why it is an illusion...because power is to reach where it is needed... there is sufficient increase in interstate power transmission capacity. Transmission within the states (intrastate) is where major issues come up. Some of the states' power carrying capacity is limited," he said. Elaborating on the matter, he said, "Surplus power is available nationally but we cannot carry that to all the places with circuit constraints with these states. These are the constraints which lead to power cuts and other shortages

of power in localised areas." He was of the view that the consumer should not suffer due to inefficiency of power distribution utilities and there should not be any unscheduled power cuts. The existing legal framework provides that the power cuts should be done only in case of technical faults or natural calamity. There is penal provision for unscheduled power cuts. But power regulators have rarely invoked that provision and penalised discoms Bhalla added that the Electricity Amendment Bill will provide for 24X7 power for all from April 1, 2019. The bill will soon be discussed with the states before finalisation for approval of the Union Cabinet and introduction in Parliament. The bill is likely to be pushed for passage in the monsoon session of Parliament sometime in July this year.

India will bypass China as the driver in global energy growth by 2030, a top official of BP . "As the pattern of growth within China shifts -- slower economic growth and less intensive energy growth -- the baton is passing to India as the dominant source of energy growth," Spencer Dale, chief economist BP, told a Washington audience. He said currently China and India account for around half of the world's energy. "India and China, with about like 2.5 billion people, that's around a third of the world's current population is currently responsible for the energy growth and the growing prosperity

drives increase the growth in energy demand, and that's what's driving the growth," Dale said. He said with "sharp falls and outright falls" in coal consumption in China, it seems increasingly that coal consumption in the country has now peaked. "But those falls in outright terms in both China and the OECD offset by increasing growth, particularly in India and other parts of fast-growing Southeast Asia," Dale said. "But that flatlining means that the share of coal -- and with it global energy -declines quite sharply to its lowest level seen since the Industrial Revolution," he said.

PFC to Lend Rs 50,200 Crore to UP Power Utilities State-run Power Finance Corporation Ltd will lend Rs 50,200 crore to Uttar Pradesh power utilities for executing generation, transmission and distribution projects. PFC executed Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) with UP State sector power utilities --- UPRVUNL, UPPTCL and UPPCL---for providing the required financial assistance of Rs 50,200 crore for upcoming greenfield

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and extension thermal generation projects at Jawaharpur, Panki, Harduagunj, Anpara, Obra etc.; development of coal mines; GoI sponsored schemes such as IPDS, Saubhagya, DDUGJY etc.; and for strengthening of transmission and distribution network in the state, an official statement said. The financial assistance will support the

state in capacity addition of 4760MW and in achievement of the objective of “Power for All” and 24x7 quality and reliable power supply in Uttar Pradesh. The MoUs were executed for extending financial assistance to the utilities for a period of next four years. The MoUs were executed on the sidelines of ‘UP Powering New India Investor Summit 2018’.

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ews of the Month

Fear of Safeguard and Anti-Dumping Duty Hits Solar Auctions

The looming threat of safeguard duty and anti-dumping duty on imports of solar panels and modules has begun impacting participation in solar auctions, leading to postponement of two recent auctions. A1000 MW auction by Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co Ltd (MSEDCL), announced in December, has been postponed for the fourth time as only two developers submitted bids by February 23 deadline fixed after the third postponement. The last date for submission has now been extended to March 9. Similarly, a 1200 MW auction by Karnataka Renewable Energy Development Ltd (KREDL) announced in end-January, has been postponed because just two developers submitted bids for 100 MW each. The

last date for bid submission, originally set for February 21, was changed to March 2. In both cases, developers have stayed away mainly because the tender documents do not include the safety net of a “change of law” clause – one saying that if existing rules relating to the solar energy segment change, the agency conducting the auction would be willing to renegotiate the tariff. “We did not bid in the Karnataka auction because the bid documents do not include the provision for tariff change if there is a change in law,” said Vikram Kailas, managing director at Mytrah Energy. Vinay Rustagi, managing director at solar consultancy Bridge to India, said many firms are staying away from auctions because “there is much uncertainty around safeguard duty” Now, even though they have extended the last date for submitting bids for solar auctions, Maharashtra and Karnataka have not incorporated the provision the developers want. More than 90% of modules used in Indian solar

projects are imported, because Chinese and Malaysian products are 25-30% cheaper than locally manufactured ones. In July last year, Indian Solar Manufacturers Association (ISMA), comprising domestic solar manufacturers, had filed a petition before Directorate General of Anti-Dumping and Allied Duties claiming that solar equipment imports were crippling their industry and seeking antidumping duty on such imports. Subsequently, in December, ISMA filed a separate petition before the Directorate General, Safeguards, making a similar appeal. While DG Anti-Dumping is still investigating the matter, DG, Safeguards, after its own probe, announced preliminary findings in early January upholding the local manufacturers’ complaint and suggesting a whopping 70% duty on solar imports for a minimum period of 200 days. If indeed either duty or both are imposed, solar developers’ input costs are bound to rise sharply, forcing them to charge higher tariffs. But even though they have extended the last date for submitting bids for their solar auctions, neither Maharashtra nor Karnataka have incorporated the provision the developers want.

Power Plants Confirm About Coal Stocks Running Low; Government Alert

Power plants are facing coal shortage and developers foresee a decline in generation as some projects are operating with no or just one day’s coal stock. However, the coal ministry has sought to allay such fears by saying that the situation is being closely monitored by top officials in the ministries of power, coal and railways. The problem has aggravated with near record imported coal prices forcing closure of some of power plants 14 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

including Adani Power’s 2,000-mw Mundra project. Coal secretary Susheel Kumar has said there is adequate coal available but unavailability of rail rakes is an issue. The power ministry has said that coal supply has not kept pace with electricity generation, while the coal ministry has said that the staterun monopoly Coal India has been meeting its contracted obligations. The situation is critical, with about 11 plants operating with less than seven days’ stock and 14 with less than four days’ stock. Average stock in coal plants is 15 million tonnes, which is about 10 days’ requirement. In some plants, coal stocks are of one day or less. Despite efforts, growth in delivery to power plants has not kept pace regularly Some plants, he said, have not been able to maintain

adequate stocks amid working capital issues due to delayed payments from power distribution companies. The coal secretary said there is no coal shortage. “There is enough coal and absolutely no need to panic. This year there is tremendous increase in demand. Coal stock at pit head was 68.69 million tonnes at the beginning of this fiscal. The lowest the coal stocks have hit is 29.20 million tonnes in November last year,” Kumar said. “Similarly the lowest coal stock availability at thermal power plants was 7.3 million tonnes in October last year, which has now increased to 15.15 million tonnes. The situation is much better now, though I would not say it is completely satisfactory.” Kumar said the government is aiming at 21 days’ stock of 30 million tonnes at the power plants and the ideal situation would be to have additional 30 million tonnes at pit head. “Although dispatches have increased from Coal India compared to last financial year, the stock level which we would like at the thermal power plants is still to be reached,” he said. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ews of the Month

India Solar Goal has A Secret Weapon as Rooftop Plants

Rakshith Kunder is adding more solar panels to the roofs of his warehouses. He isn’t seeking to save the planet, it’s pure economics. “Solar power costs us just a third of grid power and has also reduced our diesel backup cost,” Kunder, 33, said by phone from the city of Kota, in the southern state of Karnataka. His 3 billion rupee ($46 million) fish-meal and oil-products business requires two megawatts of power and he plans to fulfill half of that through solar installations.

Businesses like Kunder’s are the next target for Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government as it seeks to achieve 100 gigawatts of solar installations by 2022. Of that, 40 gigawatts is expected to come from rooftop installations. Small businesses, which contribute about a third to India’s $2 trillion economy, suffer from high power tariffs and erratic supply causing them to fall back on expensive and polluting diesel generators to keep the lights on. Rooftop solar is the fastest growing segment in renewable energy in India, driven by large customers, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance research. The contribution of small- and medium-sized companies was limited until recently, said Shantanu Jaiswal, the New Delhi-based research head for BNEF India. “These companies were constrained by their understanding of technology and the ability to arrange upfront capital but now both these issues are being

addressed,” he said. One company easing the path of small businesses toward a solar future is Bengaluru-based Orb Energy Pvt. It raised $10 million in debt from Overseas Private Investment Corp. in January to provide finance facilities to small businesses seeking to buy a rooftop solar system. Larger Systems Two-thirds of Orb’s annual sales are to small and medium enterprises, which are buying larger systems, said Chief Executive Officer Damian Miller. The average size of the installations the company is fixing is 200 kilowatts in the year ending March 31, double from only a year ago, according to Miller. It helps that the price for solar power in India has fallen to 2.44 rupees a kilowatt-hour (3.7 cents), among the lowest in the world. The cost of rooftop solar in India for residential and commercial customers is comparable to some of the sunniest parts in Australia and US, as per BNEF. The World Bank is also stepping in with a $625 million loan to support India’s solar rooftop program. The funds will be used to provide loans and guarantees to small businesses, Simon Stolp, lead energy specialist at the World Bank said in an email.

Reliance Infrastructure to Sell its Share to Adani Transmission for Rs 18,800 Crore

Reliance Infrastructure (RInfra) said its shareholders have given approval to the sale of integrated Mumbai power business to Adani Transmission Ltd (ATL) for Rs 18,800 crore. Reliance Infrastructure Limited and ATL had signed definitive binding agreement for 100 per cent stake sale of the integrated business of generation, transmission and distribution of power for Mumbai 16 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

in December 2017 "Shareholders of RInfra have approved the proposed 100 per cent sale of Reliance Infrastructure Limited integrated Mumbai Power Business to ATL. The resolution has been passed with 94 per cent votes in favour of the proposal," the company said in a statement The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has already approved the transaction, it said. "Total consideration value is estimated at Rs 18,800 crore. Transaction is expected to be completed by March 2018, subject to approvals," the statement said. The company said it will utilise the proceeds entirely to reduce its debt. "This is the largest ever debt reducing exercise by any corporate. This monetisation is a major step in

Reliance Infrastructure Limited's deleveraging strategy for future growth," it said. Reliance Infrastructure's Mumbai Power business (known as Reliance Energy) is India's largest private sector integrated power utility distributing power to nearly 3 million residential, industrial and commercial consumers in the suburbs of Mumbai, covering an area of 400 sq km, it said. It caters to a peak demand of over 1,800 MW, with annual revenues of Rs. 7,500 crore with stable cash flows, it added. The company said it will focus on upcoming opportunities in asset light EPC and Defence businesses. RInfra is one of the largest infrastructure companies, developing projects through various Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) in several high growth sectors such as Power, Roads and Metro Rail in the Infrastructure space and the Defence sector.

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ews of the Month

New NPA Norms may hit 50,000 MW Power Capacity by RBI

Power companies fear that two-thirds of private thermal power capacity is at high risk of being declared as non-performing assets (NPA), following the new norms on stressed assets issued by the RBI last month, according to industry executives. Severe impact is expected on 51,000-Mw existing power generation capacity set up with investments of more than Rs 4 lakh crore, and another 28,000-Mw plants are under construction, executives said on condition of anonymity. The notification issued by RBI on ‘Resolution of Stressed Assets — Revised Framework’ on February 12, mandated banks to classify even one-day delay in debt servicing as default. Experts said that even power

projects that are betteroff in terms of realisations and debt servicing will fall under the ‘special mention accounts category’ mentioned in the RBI circular. Power plants pay for coal in advance to state-run monopoly Coal India, but it takes them 90-150 days to recover dues from state power distribution companies. Besides, already stressed assets that do not have coal and power purchase tieups or both, the RBI notification also impacts power projects which have been repaying debt so far. Projects of most companies including Lanco Infratech, GMR Energy, Hindustan Power Projects, ILFS, RattanPower India and GVK Energy may be hit, according to the executives. As per the revised framework, projects with interest or principal overdue starting from one day to 30 days will be categorised as ‘special mention accounts category -0’ (SMO-0). While a few power plants pay to the lenders on due date, most projects have repayment schedule of about 30 days. “All lenders must put in place board-approved policies for resolution of stressed assets under this framework, including the

timelines for resolution. As soon as there is a default in the borrower entity’s account with any lender, all lenders — singly or jointly — shall initiate steps to cure the default,” the RBI notification said. “The resolution plan may involve any actions/ plans/reorganisation including, but not limited to, regularisation of the account by payment of all over dues by the borrower entity, sale of the exposures to other entities/investors, change in ownership, or restructuring,” it said. The notification mandates resolution proceedings against stressed accounts to be completed in 180 days. An official with a power generation company based in southern India said the move would gradually take all good assets to insolvency proceedings and towards a change in promoters. “The new norms are very stringent and adhering to the 180-day time period is not possible. Given the regulatory inconsistencies, there is no guarantee that any power plant can sustain the timely payments,” he said. Currently, about 85,000-Mw private sector thermal assets are under operation. Most of these are severely stressed due to various reasons such as lack of coal supply, lack of long-term power purchase agreements and inordinate delays in regulatory orders and receivables from distribution companies.

World's Largest Solar Park Launched in Karnataka

The world's largest solar park set up at an investment of Rs 16,500 crore at Pavagada in Karnataka's Tumakuru district was launched by Chief Minister Siddaramaiah. The 2,000 MW park, named as 'Shakti Sthala', spans across 13,000 acres spread over five villages and is a benchmark in the unique people's participation in power model put on ground, according to officials. The park's development is anchored by the Karnataka Solar Power Development Corp. Ltd (KSPDCL), an 18 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

entity formed in March 2015 as a joint venture between Karnataka Renewable Energy Development Ltd (KREDL) and Solar Energy Corp. of India (SECI). The project has been executed within a record time of two years, with zero land acquisition, Siddaramaiah said. Moreover, the farmers who have leased out their land are reaping greater benefits with Rs 21,000 per acre being offered as rental, an amount which has the scope to grow by five per cent every two years, he said. The beneficiaries of this project were 2,300 Pavagada farmers, he said. The chief minister said Karnataka has emerged as the third largest producer of renewable energy in the nation and was taking "bold strides" towards emerging as an energy surplus state. "We have set the goal to source at least 20 per

cent of people's power requirements from renewable projects," he added. The park will create employment and act as an incentive for natives and farmers to explore new opportunities of socio-economic growth in the region, state Energy Minister D K Shivakumar said. "This ambitious project, spanning five villages, looks at farmers as the key partners, as also beneficiaries. Shakti Sthala is creating new job opportunities and economic growth leading to the prosperity of the people of Pavagada," he said. The state has witnessed an overall increase in capacity to 2,3379 MW as on January 2018, he said. Shivakumar said 600 MW solar power generation has been commissioned during December 2017 and balance capacity of 1400 MW will be available by December this year. Earlier, a 648-mw power project set up by the Adani Green Energy, part of the Adani Group, in Tamil Nadu in 2016 was billed as the world's largest solar plant. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ews of the Month

Agreement Signs Between OVL Pact for Developing Susangerd Oilfield in Iran

ONGC Videsh Ltd, the overseas arm of state-owned Oil and Natural Gas Corp (ONG), has signed a pact with Iran's IDRO Oil to jointly bid for a USD 1 billion contract for development of Susangerd oilfield in southern Iran. The on land Susangerd field in the Khuzestan province is one of the newest finds, which Iran hopes will produce around 30,000 barrels per day of oil in two development phases. OVL signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to collaborate with IDRO Oil, which is a subsidiary of state-run Iranian Development and Renovation Organisation, in developing Susangerd field, official sources said. IDRO Oil had last month signed a similar pact with Russia's Zarubezhneft to jointly bid for a contract

to develop the Susangerd field. The Iranian firm is looking at forming a consortium to make a case with the stateowned National Iranian Oil Co (NIOC) for a contract for Susangerd, according to an Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA) report citing IDRO CEO Nasrollah Zarei. IDRO Oil is one of 17 eligible contractors that have received the Iranian oil ministry's nod to be a lead partner in joint ventures with international to work in the country's energy sector. In May last year, it signed an agreement with NIOC, which is the owner of all oil and gas in Iran, to study three fields including Susangerd. In December, IDRO Oil signed up Austrian consulting company HOT Engineering to prepare a master development plan for Susangerd. HOT Engineering Company will provide consultancy services, technical support and a master development plan. Another Iranian contractor, Pasargad Energy, has also studied Susangerd. Zarei expected USD 900 million would be required

for the development of the oilfield. Susangerd, located 45-kilometres west of the city of Ahvaz i Khuzestan, is estimated to hold more than 5 billion barrels of in-place oil reserves discovered in 2009. Of these, 500 million barrels are recoverable. Separately, OVL is also bidding for development rights of Iran's giant South Azadegan Oilfield in direct competition with the likes of global giants like Shell, France's Total, Petronas of Malaysia and Russia's Gazprom. It is also reworking a USD 6.2 billion cost it had estimated for developing the Farzad-B gas field in the Persian Gulf. OVL is doing recalculations to win rights to development the field it had discovered a decade back. OVL is one of the 34 companies Iran pre-qualified last year for development of South Azadegan field, which contains an estimated 33 billion barrels of oil in place, of which 6 billion barrels are deemed recoverable. The field currently produces about 80,000 barrels of oil per day (4 million tonnes per annum) and output is envisaged to touch 320,000 barrels a day (16 million tonnes). Farzad B was discovered by OVL in the Farsi block about 10 years ago. The field in the Farsi block has an in-place gas reserve of 21.7 trillion cubic feet, of which 12.5 tcf are recoverable.

Network Connection Between the State Affecting Power Supply in India: Power Secretary A K Bhalla

India is a power surplus country but electricity does not reach all regions due to network constraints in some states, a senior official said. "The installed power generation capacity is 330 GW. The available power is 220 GW. The peak rated requirement is about 155 GW. In term of power 20 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

capacity and requirement, yes (India is a power surplus country)," Power Secretary A K Bhalla said during a panel discussion here when asked whether it is an illusion that India is a power surplus state. "But why it is an illusion...because power is to reach where it is needed... there is sufficient increase in interstate power transmission capacity. Transmission within the states (intrastate) is where major issues come up. Some of the states' power carrying capacity is limited," he said. Elaborating on the matter, he said, "Surplus power is available nationally but we cannot carry that to all the places with circuit constraints with these states. These are the constraints which lead to power cuts

and other shortages of power in localised areas." He was of the view that the consumer should not suffer due to inefficiency of power distribution utilities and there should not be any unscheduled power cuts. The existing legal framework provides that the power cuts should be done only in case of technical faults or natural calamity. There is penal provision for unscheduled power cuts. But power regulators have rarely invoked that provision and penalised discoms. Bhalla added that the Electricity Amendment Bill will provide for 24X7 power for all from April 1, 2019. The bill will soon be discussed with the states before finalisation for approval of the Union Cabinet and introduction in Parliament. The bill is likely to be pushed for passage in the monsoon session of Parliament sometime in July this year. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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EESL to Invest Rs 24.41 crore To Install LED Lights at all Airports in India

Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) will invest Rs. 24.41 crore to install energy efficient LED lights at airports, buildings and facilities owned by the Airports Authority of India (AAI), as part of the Buildings Energy Efficiency Programme. “Replacement of existing conventional light fittings with energy-efficient LEDs across airports and buildings of AAI will contribute significantly to India’s climate goals,” Saurabh Kumar, managing director, EESL, said. The entire procurement of lighting equipment,

installation and maintenance will be undertaken by EESL without any cost burden on AAI. The contract period is five years and EESL takes complete responsibility of replacement / repair for the duration. As part of the memorandum of understanding (MoU) between EESL and AAI, the programme will be implemented under the energy saving companies (ESCO) model where the entire upfront investment is borne by EESL and recovery of investments is made through monetized shared savings. “We have successfully transformed multiple commercial

buildings in India into energy-efficient complexes. We are well on our way to radically transform the energy efficiency scenario in the country by retrofitting huge commercial complexes,” Kumar added. EESL has earlier partnered with institutions like the Indian Railways, Central Public Works Department, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation among others to replace inefficient lighting and cooling appliances with efficient equipment. As part of the Buildings Energy Efficiency Programme launched in May 2017, EESL intends to bring investment of around Rs. 1000 crore covering more than 10,000 large government and private buildings by 2020 to enable annual monetary savings of Rs. 800 crore, energy savings of 100 crore kWh per year and annual CO2 reduction of 10 lakh tonne, the statement added. EESL, which is a joint venture of PSUs under the power ministry, has earlier taken the lead to issue tenders for LED bulbs, helping the prices of the energy-efficient devices fall steeply. It is also actively involved in the government’s initiative to procure electric vehicles for use by official departments and state-run firms.

India Starts Importing LNG from US After Oil and Gas

After crude oil, India today began importing natural gas from the US, with the first shipment of LNG under a 20-year deal being flagged off from Louisiana. State-owned gas utility GAIL India has contracted 3.5 million tonnes per annum of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Cheniere Energy's Sabine Pass liquefaction facility in Louisiana. "The cargo has been loaded on-board GAIL's first chartered LNG ship 'Meridian Spirit'. This LNG cargo originated from Cheniere Energy's LNG export facility at Sabine Pass LNG project," GAIL said in a statement. "The cargo will discharge LNG at Dabhol terminal of 22 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

GAIL (in Maharashtra) on or around 28th of this month." Last October, India imported its first shipment of crude oil from the US. The US had stopped oil exports in 1975, a ban lifted by former US President Barack Obama in 2015. GAIL had signed a sale and purchase agreement (SPA) with the US LNG exporter Cheniere Energy in December 2011. The SPA went into effect March 1. Under terms of the agreement, Cheniere will sell and make available for delivery to GAIL about 3.5 million tonnes a year of LNG. Cheniere's LNG is based on natural gas sourced from the US market, which provides access to abundant and low-cost gas resources. The ship set sail after a ceremony to mark the occasion at Sabine Pass in the presence of Cheniere CEO Jack Fusco and GAIL Chairman and Managing Director B C Tripathi. "The commencement of this agreement marks the

start of a long and productive relationship between Cheniere and GAIL," said Fusco. GAIL is one of the foundation customers of Cheniere having signed the contract in 2011 and India remains an important market for LNG, the statement said. "With supplies commencing from the US, GAIL will have a diversified portfolio both on price indexation and geographical locations," Tripathi said. "This long-term agreement would go in a long way in strengthening relationship between GAIL and Cheniere and reinforcing India-US trade ties." Cheniere Energy, Inc is the leading exporter of US LNG. It is currently operating and constructing its Sabine Pass LNG facility in Louisiana and is constructing a second liquefaction facility near Corpus Christi, Texas. When both projects are complete, it is expected to be a top-5 global supplier of LNG. GAIL is India's biggest natural gas transportation and marketing company. It is expanding pipeline network by 4,000 km at an investment of over USD 3 billion to operate over 15,000 km by 2020. GAIL commands 75 per cent market share in gas transmission and has a gas trading share of over 50 per cent in India. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ews of the Month

Avaada to Invest Rs 3,500-crore for 500 MW Solar Projects in Andhra Pradesh

Clean energy firm Avaada Power said it will invest Rs 3,500 crore to develop 500 MW utility-scale solar projects in Andhra Pradesh. "Our business strategies are interwoven with the

government's mission of promoting renewable energy in the country. We are making significant investments in innovative clean energy solutions with a focus on solar and wind energy sectors," company's Chairman Vineet Mittal said in a statement. Avaada Power recently committed Rs 10,000 crore investment in Uttar Pradesh to develop 1,600 MW solar projects. "We have set a target of achieving 5,000 MW capacity in the next four years. We aim to invest Rs 25,000 crore and we have embarked on a journey towards

generating sustainable energy not just in India but across Asian and African countries," he added. Avaada plans to set up mega projects in solar and wind energy in a phased manner, Mittal said. He further said the investment in Andhra Pradesh will generate enough clean energy to sustainably power over 2.40 million households across the state. Andhra Pradesh government has set a target to achieve 18,000 MW renewable energy capacities by the year 2021-22. The investment by Avaada Power is expected to generate more than 1,200 employment opportunities. The MoU is a step in the direction of achieving the government's renewable energy objective of reducing around 8,32,200 tonnes of CO2 emissions annually, which this project should help mitigate, Mittal added.

Govt to Consult ONGC, OIL Before Nextround of Auction

The government will now consult Oil and Natural Gas Corp (ONG) and Oil India Limited (OIL) before taking away their discovered small fields for next round of auction to private players, in a bid to avoid row between state firmsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; executives and the oil ministry officials as has happened in the past. The government auctioned 67 discovered small fields in the first round in 2016, and is preparing to launch the second round soon with 60 fields on offer. The selection of fields for the second round by the oil ministry officials invited complaints and criticism from senior ONGC executives who didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want some of their fields included in the auction since they already had 24 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

prepared development plans for those. The differences of views between officials and company executives ran deep, resulting in verbal clashes, at times, between ONGC executives and officials of the Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH), the oil ministry arm that prepared the list of fields for auction. The government now plans to have a panel comprising senior oil ministry officials, the chief of DGH, and chairmen of ONGC and Oil India, to pick discovered small fields for the next rounds as and when they happen, an official said. The 67 fields offered in the first round of auction were discovered by ONGC and

Oil India but not developed for years. The government took these away from the state firms and auctioned them under a new policy that allows contractors the freedom to market natural gas and cuts out bureaucratic micromanagement by introducing revenue sharing between companies and the government. With new incentives in place, ONGC and Oil India thought it attractive to bid for some of these fields but a government directive prevented them from placing any bid. But in the second round, ONGC and Oil India will be able to as any other state or private firm, an official said. Some of the leftovers of the first round of small field auction, some relinquished fields from the previous auctions for major fields, and a few fresh fields from ONGC and Oil India make up the 60 fields that would be offered in the second round of discovered small field auction. The ministers for finance and oil will together decide on the award of contract based on the recommendations of the Empowered Committee of Secretaries (ECS). Earlier, the award of contracts needed Cabinet's nod. Empowered Committee of Secretaries, comprising oil secretary, expenditure secretary and law secretary, will finalise and approve key documents for the award of contracts such as revenue-sharing contract and notice inviting offer for the second round of auction.

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Cover Story

n this age of rapidly evolving tech., T&M domain has continuously leveraged as well as contributed to cutting-edge tech.. T&M sector in India is primarily driven by end-user markets including defence, telecom, broadcasting, consumer electronics, automation, automotive industry. Considering strong govt. push to make in India in the strategic electronics sector, experts opines bright future of the defence manufacturing ecosystem in India & related opportunities for the T&M segment. India has vast potential in telecommunications & mobile manufacturing too.

Test & Measurement Equipment Market Trends, Drivers, Worth and Smart Testing

14% 57%

29%

5-10% growth: 57% No comments: 29% More than 10% growth: 14%

Forecast on the Y-O-Y growth rate of the Indian T&M market

T&M Equipment Market Worth

According to MarketsandMarkets forecast, T&M equipment (equip.) market is expected to reach USD 28.98 Bn by 2023 from USD 23.51 Bn in 2017, at a CAGR of 3.55%. Growth of this market is fueled by the development increase in the adoption of electronic devices, increased modular instrumentation, & increasing tech advancement towards networking & communication. In terms of products, mechanical test equip. is expected to hold largest share of T&M equip. market between 2017-23. Machine vision inspection systems are most widely used mechanical test equip.. Generalpurpose test equip. holds a larger size of market based on product than that of mechanical test equip. in 2016 mainly attributed to increasing opportunities in consumer electronics sector related to smartphones & growing advancements in IT & telecom sector. Moreover, the developments related to the 5G network are likely to have a +ve impact on growth of overall market for general purpose test equip.. Major market for general-purpose test equip. is covered by automated test equip. oscilloscopes. Industrial application is expected to hold a major share of T&M market. T&M equip. are used at different stages of product life cycle, such as design & development. Different types of testing are frequently conducted across all stages of the product life cycle in overall industrial segment. Hence, industrial application is est. to hold a max share of T&M equip. market. APAC is expected to hold a major share of T&M equip. market between 2017-23. Speedy growth of automotive, & IT & communications sectors in APAC is one key factors driving growth of T&M equip. market in this region. Govt.s of Asian countries, such as Japan, China, India, are taking initiatives to prompt various industries to set up manufacturing & R&D facilities in these countries. Also, this region mainly consists of developing economies such as China & India, which hold large opportunity for the growth of the T&M equip. market for various applications. T&M systems play a critical role in ratifying the performance of a wide range of electronic products. They are used across the entire product life cycle, starting from the product design & development phase, to production testing, pre & post market testing, as well as support. Thus, the growth of the T&M industry goes hand in hand with the growth of the electronics industry in the country.

Market opportunities

A big business opportunity is brewing for T&M industry in India, due to a no. of reasons like tech developments, expanding end-user applications & growing need to validate performance of equip.. Other factors driving growth in the this domain are stringent quality, safety, environmental standards for manufacturing, maintenance, use of equip.. Moreover, proper implementation of govt. initiatives like Make in India, Smart Cities, Digital India, defence manufacturing push, will definitely open up new opportunities for T&M industry players. According to some industry experts, current market size for general-purpose T&M equip. alone is worth over US$ 200 mn. Anyhow, market presents a much bigger opportunity considering that Global Industry Analysts Inc., a California based market research firm, forecasts that the world market for general-purpose electronic T&M instruments will touch US$ 6.8 bn by 2020.

Indian T&M market is driven by both global & domestic demand. Growth in this market is a result of growth registered by key end-user segments like power, automotive, electronics & telecommunications hardware. Defence & other govt. sectors have also been instrumental in driving the growth of this sector. Besides, the increase in R&D activities across academic orgâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s is expected to further drive up demand. Experts expect sector to grow between 5-10% YoY.

Market drivers

In this age of rapidly evolving tech., T&M domain has continuously leveraged as well as contributed to cutting-edge tech.. T&M sector in India is primarily driven by end-user markets including defence, telecom, broadcasting, consumer electronics, automation, automotive industry. Considering strong govt. push to make in India in the strategic electronics sector, experts opines bright future of the defence manufacturing ecosystem in India & related opportunities for the T&M segment. India has vast potential in telecommunications & mobile manufacturing too. With â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Make in Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; initiative creating a wave of optimism & opportunities, mobile manufacturing is all set to gain further momentum. Experts are looking forward to burgeoning opportunities in mobile handset manufacturing & allied verticals like mobile services, cable TV, broadcasting, etc. Various govt. initiatives, like Make in India campaign & development of smart cities, are likely to boost power & communications sectors in India & eventually contribute to growth of the industry. Demand for electricity across India has been growing at a rapid rate & is expected to grow further in the years to come. With growing demand, power generation, transmission, distribution CoS will have to invest in reliable, accurate & efficient equip. to protect their assets from failure. Hence, growth prospects of T&M equip. related to power sector are quite promising. India is an emerging solar hub of the world, considering the kind of capacities that are coming up, with nearly 100GW of solar power to be added in the next 5 years. Solar power, again, is a very imp. market for T&M products. Trend of automotive CoS switching to automated testing is also driving up demand for T&M equip.. Moreover, increasing electronic content in the vehicles for infotainment, connectivity & safety purposes, along with growing acceptance of green mobility will also fuel the growth of the T&M sector. According to industry experts, the T&M market in India seems to be booming with the entry of low cost Chinese equip., even though quality of such imports is questionable.

Cover Story Market trends

Support for predictive maintenance: Increasing awareness about predictive maintenance amongst manufacturers in India is also driving the growth of the T&M industry. Equip. with unique features: The demand from customers to address complex process issues is forcing T&M CoS to innovate continuously. This resulted in development of high-end devices with unique features. Multi-functional & multi-domain testing: Multi-functional testing kits are the latest trend among decision makers of maintenance departments, where instead of having many different testing kits for individual applications, engineers have realised the benefits of using one kit with multi-functional testing capabilities. Such tools save time, money & most importantly, the effort that goes into the testing procedures. New instruments have better GUIs, & provide ease of operation & automated testing capabilities, which increase productivity. Smart testing for ‘smart devices’: For both testing managers & engineers, the challenge is to ensure quality at increasingly lower costs. To test their smart devices, organisations are transitioning from the status quo of rack-and-stack box instruments & closed turnkey ATE systems to smarter test systems that deliver connectivity & problem-solving capabilities. Customised equip.: The current focus on customised test equip. is driving the overall market, as most of the low-end T&M equip. is now available with control options. Quality ensures long term success: According to a majority of the experts, customers are willing to spend the extra penny for good quality. Anyhow, the definition of quality can be subjective & often determined by the customer’s unique perspective. Nevertheless, experts on the panel for this report believe that objective standards of quality lead to quantifiable benchmarks, as every customer segment wants its systems to function properly & reliably on a consistent basis. Anyhow, a few experts report that in the telecom sector, huge investments have been made in spectrum procurement but decision makers are not willing to invest in T&M equip.. Instead, mobile network operators have adopted the rental, the managed services or the capex models, which reduce the need to procure T&M equip. in this segment but can also lead to the deterioration in service or product quality. Important quality and safety norms related to T&M equipment • Complying with over-voltage safety standards like CAT IV, III, II and I, which ensures the instrument is safe on different working enviromments • Complying with ingress protection (IP) standards, which ensure protection against dust and water • Compliance with IEC 61010-1 safety norms for T&M products

Connected life styles, M2M interaction & the IoT are a few tech. trends that will lead to the growth of the T&M industry. The proliferation of smart devices has begun to influence the design & use of T&M equip.. Each ‘smart’ product has to go through a specific set of processes to ensure its usability & functionality for the intended purpose – & behind each of these steps are the design, manufacturing & testing procedures. T&M tech’s are going to evolve accordingly. It is certain that the time-to-market for new devices will continue to reduce, & the need to maintain high quality standards will drive additional complexity in these devices – & all this will be invisible to users. Test techniques & test solutions will continue to evolve to ensure that smart device developers & manufacturers can reduce time-to-market & ramp quickly to high volume manufacturing of quality products. Connected life styles, higher use of data & the lower cost of smartphones are some trends in the telecom market. The need for high-speed connectivity will lead to network capacity increasing. Operators are using new tech. like MIMO, VoLTE, LTE-Advanced & LTE Carrier Aggregation to improve 28 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

spectrum efficiency & the customer experience with high data speeds. The 4G roll out & 5G-related R&D in the telecom industry will create opportunities for the T&M industry. SWOT analysis of the T&M Market Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Continuous technological advances in testing equipment like the use of multi-functional testing kits The ongoing practice of procuring the most reliable testing equipment Adoption of best testing practices by OEMs

Enforcement of quality standards like harmonics level, etc, are not yet mandated by the government A need to revive the important quality norms like ISI

Introduction of various government Lack of industry awareness about the initiatives like make in India, Digital usability and functionality of testing India, etc. equipment

Stringent quality and safety standards for end products

Threats

Growth of domestic manufacturing in areas like defence, telecommunications, mobile, etc. Growth in power demands leading to the requirement of investments in reliable, accurate and efficient equipment The requirement for efficient generation, transmission and distribution of power

Various unscrupulous players not adhering to standard engineering and commercial practices Quality is affected because the government's tender business is done only on an L1 (lowest bidder) basis Increasing the focus on the quality of end-user segments will be time consuming. Affecting the growth of this industry

Increasing awareness for predictive maintenance amongst the manufacturers Proliferation of smart devices

Compared to previous generations of mobile networks, 5G presents a no. of new design & test challenges. While the tech’s that will constitute 5G are still being worked on, the ITU-R has identified three main usage scenarios for 5G. These are: enhanced mobile broadband with up to 20Gbps peak data rate, massive machine-type communications, & ultra-reliable & low latency communications. To meet the requirements for this next generation of mobile communications, researchers are looking to a wide range of enabling tech’s in RF, microwave & millimetre-wave frequencies ranging from advanced waveforms & multiple access schemes to multiple antenna techniques such as massive MIMO & beamforming. Being the first & the best in 5G depends on tools that let you explore new signals, scenarios & topologies. Automation is the new tech. trend in the power sector and, hence, the demand for automated products is growing. Accordingly, the new technological advancements like data logging DMMs & auto power calculating power clamp meters will experience good growth. Online transmission line monitoring systems, compact Tan-delta testing machines, automatic breaker testing machines, discrete monitoring of power loss at each feeder by discoms, etc, are the areas of application. With respect to the user experience, touch screen tech’s are going to revolutionise the T&M environment. A combination of the right hardware with a designed for touch UI)will enable us to use equip. easily & efficiently. Designed for touch UIs are crucial for creating an effective & usable touch screen environment; it is not enough to simply add a touch screen to an existing UI. No.1 goal of T&M equip. is to be able to identify, isolate & analyse a system under test as quickly & efficiently as possible. Having an effective touch screen on the instrument can reduce the time it takes to configure the sytem & to analyse signals. The T&M Equip. market in India can be segmented into three product segments: General Purpose Test Equip., Wireless Communications Test Equip., & Fiber Optic Test Equip.. These devices are used in the initial design, development, verification, maintenance, & repair of various electronic & mechanical products. T&M equip. are used for testing & measuring in electronic devices such as cellphones, digital cameras, MP3 players, & solar inverters. Some of the mechanical products that have use of T&M equip. include turbines, automotive car suspensions, & aircraft propulsion systems. Depending on end-user requirements, T&M equip. use can vary from simple to complex automated devices. T&M equip. enhance the efficiency, reliability, accuracy of electronic/ mechanical products. Some key vendors in the country are Agilent Tech’s, Anritsu, JDS Uniphase, Rohde & Schwarz, Spirent Communications, Aeroflex, Aplab, EXFO, Fastech Telecom’s, Fluke Networks, Ixia, Keithley Instruments, National Instruments, Qmax Test ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Equip.s, Premier Measurement Solutions, Scientech Techâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, Sumitomo, Tektronix & Yokagawa Electric. The market drivers currently for the industry are increased R&D investments, market challenge & price sensitivity toward T&M equip.. A key part of any product or system development plan is the testing, measurement, & analysis of critical components & overall product performance. Those important functions require reliable, high performance test equipment & software at cost-effective prices. As a rule, T&M companies need to be at the forefront of tech. â&#x20AC;&#x201C; their products need to be at least as capable as the equipment which they are being used to design. Major technological trends driving the T&M industry in India include urbanization, growing infra., cloud computing, wireless intelligence, broadband applications in future, & smart & green technologies amongst others. T&M Equipments manufacturers are working on high performance tech. to meet the demands of complicated & advanced test design process. Advancements in processor tech. have completely changed testing methodologies. Ten years ago, test engineers were

using analog technologies & acquired test data on 28-or 56- track analog tape recorders. Data was processed manually or by complex methods using mini- or mainframe computers. This testing process used to take days before engineers could get test results. Even today, there are still many analog test devices in place. In todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s world, analog testing is starting to give way to digital tech., providing engineers with real-time displays & instantaneous results once a test is over. Digital tech. lets engineers use a large number of sensor channels with very high sampling rates, allowing them to look at frequency regions & perform tests which are not available to them with analog equipment. Manufacturers are taking advantage of new multiprocessors, DSP & FPGA processors, multidisplays, real time processing, terabytes of data storage, & networking to provide customers with high performance testing products at competitive prices. 5 trends that are anticipated will sig. influence T&M over the next few years. All of these trends fundamentally tie back to a need to increase efficiency, reducing test costs while improving productivity to keep up with increasing

design complexity. Parallel Test Systems: To continue realizing performance gains without increased clock rates, processor manufacturers are developing processors with multiple cores on a single chip. With multicore processors, test engineers can develop automated test applications capable of achieving the highest possible throughput through parallel processing. The inherent parallelism of graphical dataflow software like NI LabVIEW helps engineers immediately benefit from multicore processors & overcome the complexity associated with traditional text-based languages. Software-Defined Instrumentation: Increasingly, the functionality of complex devices is being defined by the software embedded in them. This is challenging for many test engineers because most stand-alone instruments cannot change their functionality as fast as changes in the DUT due to the fixed user interface & firmware that must be developed & embedded in the instrument. Thus, test engineers are turning to a software-defined approach to instrumentation, so they can quickly customize their equipment to meet

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Cover Story

specific application needs & integrate testing directly into the design process. FPGA-Enabled Instrumentation: With the increase in system-level tools for FPGAs, more manufacturers are including FPGAs on modular instruments & giving engineers the access in software to reprogram them according to their requirements. For example, test engineers can embed a custom algorithm into the device to perform in-line processing inside the FPGA or emulate part of the system that requires a real-time response. New system-level tools are emerging so engineers can rapidly configure FPGAs without writing low-level VHDL code. Wireless Standards: Test engineers are facing new challenges as the use of RF & wireless applications is expanding. RF & wireless traditionally have been very specialized fields, but the industry is seeing wireless capabilities integrated into more & more products. Soon, RF instrumentation could become as ubiquitous as general-purpose instruments such as digital multimeters. This growth in adoption requires test engineers to learn wireless protocols & keep pace with the rapid introduction of new standards. Emulation-Based ATE for SoC, SiP Testing: Complex SoCs & SiPs require a system-level functional test more closely related to testing components placed

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on a printed circuit board than a typical vectorbased chip test, but they still require the high speeds demanded in production test for the semiconductor industry. The strategy of testing a device by emulating actual real-world signals provides a better method of functional test for these types of high-speed systems. This emulation-based ATE combines FPGA-based hardware to offer real-time responses & real-world interfacing with the standard pin electronics found in traditional ATE.

IioT & Smart Testing

The emergence of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) & its implementation in T&M is expected to transform the industry. Through digital connectivity, the use of test equip. can be maximized, improving the quality of testing & opening a host of future opportunities. In a highly competitive environment, vendors must develop product differentiation & branding strategies in order to penetrate smart testing opportunities. Frost & Sullivanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s latest analysis, Adoption of Industrial IoT in the Global T&M Market, Forecast to 2022, finds that the value of the IIoT in T&M market is expected to reach $104.8 mn by 2022 growing at a compound annual growth rate of 6.7% from 2016. Currently, original equip. manufacturers are cautious when it comes to IIoT tech. adoption with significant concern toward security issues & limited entrants in the market. Anyhow, by 2020, a no. of IIoT-enabled test systems are expected to be launched, catering to diverse services & fields within the industrial ecosystem. By 2025, the next generation of T&M systems would have learned from their past experiences, enabling advanced testing measures & outcomes. Democratization of IIoT would lead to cheaper SaaS models, ultimately leading to more than 80% of testing vendors adopting this

tech. within their test systems. The integration of testing capabilities with modular form factor will further augment growth opportunities in this sector. Strategic imperatives for playerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s success & growth in this market include: Embracing transformational changes brought about by IIoT & offering better testing methods like Big Data, predictive analytics, & automation to customers; Integrating test capabilities & anticipating the changing system requirements; Adopting faster & more accurate modular form testing methods & remote monitoring to reduce the cost of testing; Using data analytics to give greater accuracy & provide clients with substantial cost savings. In the future, there will be more focus on achieving zero defects in products & Hence the need for smarter test systems. Thus, no waste or rework will be caused, thereby avoiding revenue loss. With this in mind, there will be a heavy focus on the research & development stage of the equip. to ensure zero defects. Continuous monitoring of equip. & IIoT tech. will become the most important aspect to achieving zero defects.

Way forward

Industry experts feel that it is very important to make customers aware & convinced about quality, safety & maintenance practices through the use of the right T&M instruments. They expect regulatory bodies to spread this awareness. Moreover, T&M CoS need to work as solution partners with decision makers in the electronic system design & manufacturing (ESDM) industry by offering leading-edge electronics design & test services. By adopting the latest & best T&M solutions, ESDM players can make the elusive breakthroughs that advance tech.. That will lead to ideas, systems & products that will make the world a better place & the tech. business more productive.

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INTERVIEW

C Ather Salim Director

Next Gen Equipment Pvt Ltd 32 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

ustomers are fond of our products specially that being manufactured by RAYTECH Switzerland for its ease of use, repeatable results are excellent support. We at NEXTGEN also focus on providing 24x7 service support giving us an edge with respect to our competitors. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

In Indian power sector Next Gen Equipment Ltd is the name to provide its fine services; kindly elaborate its journey?

NEXT GEN was Started in 2009 and with the short span of 9 year we have established our self as major player in T&M business, Offering complete range of product in T&M business. We are adding new products in our portfolio on regular basis along with the focus on our existing products to increase our market share. We have been very cautious with respect to the companies we represent and to add products which complement each other. With the growing business we are now more focus on end to end solution to our customer with more focus on quality & service. We have created the separate service vertical to have more focus service and better client experience. With our past experience of customer facing problem with imported equipments especially the services part, we have made our Service support as a bench mark in the industry with excellent support from our principalsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and manufacturer. We are now ISO 9001 -9015 certified organization for our service standard.

How is a transformer, Switchgear sector is working and adapting to new technology and opportunities?

As India is moving ahead towards full electrifications and lots of new projects has started coming up including SMART GRID, SMART CITIES etc. requirement of Transformers & Switchgear products is coming up on a huge scale. Many overseas companies are also setting up Transformer & SWITCHGEAR plant in India like TBEA, BAODING, TAIKEI, Hyundai etc. Govt make in India initiatives provide a lot of opportunities in this sector. Also Data released by the Central Statistics Office (CSO), Power and hotels are the only two sectors that will grow at faster rates of 7.5% and 8.7% in FY 18 against the overall expected growth of 6.5%. Therefore T&M industry is also getting lot of requirements to supply latest transformers and Switchgear products within India to support overall growth in power sector. Overall the scenario seems to be quote good for both Transformer & switchgear Industry as well as T&M business.

Kindly elaborate about the new products and projects in hand?

Our instruments are widely accepted by the manufacturer in the Power sector due to quality,

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reliability and accuracy of the instruments, supported by strong after sales service team. Over the period of time we have built-up a strong after service team which provide the 24*7 support to the customer. We have got a order form one of our most reputed customer for setting up a new Automatic Transformer Test Facility in Vadodara and are also in discussion with many companies for similer projects. Also new products like MINI ATOS and C &Tan Delta from RAYTECH is going to be launched in 2018. We have also added UHF based ONLINE PD monitoring system in our product portfolio which will be very unique products in the industry! We are also working on some big projects in Bangladesh and planning to expand the similer portfolio to Srilanka as well!

Define us your product and the technology that you have shared globally; as if compared to your competitors?

As we are mainly supplying European products in the Indian market, the equipments are very user friendly with latest state of art technology and easy to use. Customers are fond of our products specially that being manufactured by RAYTECH Switzerland for its ease of use, repeatable results are excellent support. We at NEXTGEN also focus on providing 24x7 service support giving us an edge with respect to our competitors. Also latest state of art Semi- Automatic Transformer Test System from EPRO Austria is making it very hot for manufacturer and user of Small and Medium transformers. This product will surely make a lot of impact on the certification of Transformer as per BIS guidelines. The new UHF based online PD monitoring System is also other products which will create a different market segments for our products and will certainly create panic in other ONLINE PD manufacturing companies.

Market is turning into new aspects of testing & measuring in terms of quality and technology please elaborates your criteria towards sales and service?

Indian Electrical Tetsing Industry is dominated by Foreign company since long. In the last few yes Asian companies started supplying low cost products in the Indian market but within very short time people understood the benefits of European products in term of quality and reliability. Many Indian companies are also started manufacturing Testing Equipments in India but still they are also heavily dependent of

Foreign companies. European payers have entered in the Indian power sector with technologically advance product with superior quality. T & M instrument also seen major changes with this transformation, T & M instruments are now having user-friendly interface, portable and more accurate in the output and more reliable. These new generation Instrument can measure and store sophisticate data centrally with advance analytics which was earlier done manually. Now you can measure and analyse the trends centrally as well as from remote location. But the after sales service was the major issued to the foreign company in India, hence to bridge this gap, we have not only focus on expansion of our product in the market but also service. Thanks to our excellent service support, customers also recommend our products to various other customers making an increase of many fold in our business.

Share your views and expectations on Elecrama 2018 and your preparation for this?

Core objective during Elecrama to understand the customer requirement in changing market scenario along with promotion of our Existing product range. As we are putting up Many Equipments on display, the customer can have a feel of ease of operation and features at the stall itself. Also as experts form our principals companies like RAYTECH & EPRO will be available, we see as a great opportunity for visitors to see and discuss the requirements at one place itself. As we are expanding our base to neighboring countries like BANGLADESH, SRI LANKS & NEPAL, we see it as a great platform to show our products to visitors form these neighboring countries as well. There will be live display of products like Winding Resistance Meter, Three Phase & Single Turns Ratio Meter, Micro Ohm Meters, Automatic Current Transformer Test Set from Raytech Switzerland, Standard Voltage & Current Transformers with 0.005% accuracy from EPRO Austria, AC/DC High Voltage Testers from ETL Pruftechnik Germany & Online Battery Health Analyzer from Midtronics USA. We will also be having solution for Fully Automatic Transformer Loss Measurement System/ Transformer Test System for testing small, medium & High Voltage Transformer. Expert from EPRO will be available on stall to discuss the same. Also we have complete list of our catalogues to explain the range of our product and service.

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ase Study of The Month

Er P.K.Pattanaik, is presently working with OPTCL as Asst. General Manager (Elect) in E & MR Division, Bhubaneswar- Odisha and associated with the Protection and Control schemes of Electrical systems.

VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUBSTATION Contdâ&#x20AC;Ś.

He is having 25 years of technical experience in Designing, Testing and Commissioning of Protection Control and operational Schemes, project Implementation, co-ordination, operations & maintenance of Electrical Equipments at various LT/ HT/ EHT level Grid Sub- Stations. He has also published around 70 technical papers in different national/international seminars/journals. ele.pkpattanaik@optcl.co.in

1. Introduction: For the last few months, the response of the readers to the case studies on various incidents is overwhelming. Hence this month we are again choosing the write up on similar kind of studies for developing the synchronisation of practical observation to the theoretical concepts. The analysis of each incident being supported by actual observations had been described during the situation to add awareness amongst the operation, testing and commissioning engineers to know the cause of problems and be helpful for easy rectification of the problems. This can also help to develop economic schemes for the smooth running of the operation and control system in the Grid Sub-Station.

2.1. Tripping of Transformer on Buchholtz Relay: At one of the 220/33 KV Grid Sub-station, one of the 40 MVA power Transformers was causing interval tripping on Buchholtz indication.

Observations:

1. The transformer as found with Buchholtz tripping was in idle charge condition. 2. The gases as deposited were tested with fire ignition and found with no chattering sound or flammable of gases. 3. It was confirmed that the deposition is not of any objectionable gas, it is of air trap. 4. The testing of the tripping of the Buchholtz was decided by release the

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6. 7. 8. 9.

oil by shutting the either valves on the Buchholtz relay. But while checking it was found with one of the valve towards Main tank in SHUTTING condition and the other valve towards conservator tank on OPEN condition. (Refer Fig-2.1.1). The SHUTTING valve was opened, but it was observed with rushing of oil from conservator tank to main tank. So the required level at conservator was decreased but maintained with 1/4th level. After venting the air trap on the selected points, the transformer was charged for observation. Then after it was observed with no tripping due to Buchholtz relay actuation.

Analysis:

1. The maintenance history of the transformer was inquired. 2. The maintenance engineer narrated that this transformer was attempted with oil filtration after attending the oil leakage arrest from a radiator fin. 3. The OEM service engineer might have kept shutting of the valve on the pipe between main tank and conservator. Fig 2.1.1 Valve in SHUT position

was availed shutdown for checking the relay during the same night, tripping was resulted during shut down condition also. 11. So it was confirmed on that night, this tripping was not due to any internal arcing or sparking etc.. 12. On the next day during day time and while attempt was done for checking the operation of Buchholtz relay, the condition of SHUTTING of the valve was traced. 13. The oil available in the conservator during day time being expanded was getting its level maintained in the conservator tank. 14. But due to winter season and cold condition the contraction of oil was getting its flow towards main tank. 15. Now due to SHUTTING of the valve towards main tank after Buchholtz relay, the oil surge shall be resulting the accumulation of air in this relay. 16. Sudden oil inrush in the relay and due to principle of Buoyancy, the air being trapped might have caused the operation of the contacts in the relay.

Recommendation:

1. Before energisation of the transformer, all the valves are to be thoroughly checked and kept in OPEN condition. 2. If filtration is attended then at least 6-8 hours as the settling down time to be provided before charging of the transformer. 2.2. Transformer on Buchholtz Relay Alarm: At one of the 220/33 KV Grid Sub-station, one of the 20 MVA power Transformers was issuing ALARM occasionally on Buchholtz indication during fault occurrence of any out-going feeder. Fig 2.2.1

Buchholtz Relay

Valve in OPEN position

4. As hot oil was in circulation mode and valve was in SHUTTING condition, So void might have resulted in the main tank. 5. So after charging the extra volumetric expansion of oil was getting accommodated in the void space, without causing pressure on the PRV. 6. The availability of void (extra space) in the main tank was confirmed at the moment when oil rushed from conservator to main tank during opening of the SHUTTING valve in the pipe. 7. So practically the main tank was detached from the conservator and Buchholtz relay, but oil expansion in the main tank was getting managed by the void in the tank. Moreover the expansion was not that appreciable as transformer was in idle charge condition and weather is of winter season. 8. Now we can analyze the occurrence of Buchholtz tripping. 9. On observation it was collected the data that the accumulation of air with alarm/tripping of Buchholtz relay was resulting during night around 9.30 to 10PM. 10. Even on one of the night after observance of alarm, when the transformer ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Bellow Position within Relay Zone

Observations:

1. The transformer as found with Buchholtz alarm was in loading condition and catering 4 nos of out-going feeders. 2. The gases as deposited were tested with fire ignition and found with no chattering sound or flammable of gases. 3. It was confirmed that the deposition is not of any objectionable gas, it is of air trap. 4. The pipe as used between the conservator and main tank was provided with metal bellow in between the BUCHHOLTZ relay zone (IN and OUT valve of the relay). 5. The positioning of the relay was towards Main Tank side but within the Relay zone and nearer to the Buchholtz relay. 6. This positioning of metal bellow was resulting the deviation of the inclination angle beyond 7 degree. (Refer Fig no 2.2.1).

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ase Study of The Month

Analysis:

1. The availability of metal bellow in between the BUCHHOLTZ relay zone, disturbed the angle of inclination. 2. During oil surge for the fault occurrence in the out-going feeder was causing the sudden flow of oil in the pipe line. 3. But this capillary flow was getting obstructed by the wall of the metal bellow causing re-bounce of the oil and back flow to Buchholtz relay. 4. Depending upon the intensity of oil surge, the relay was resulting the issuance of Alarm of Buchholtz relay. Fig 2.2.2

strip connected to earth pit and disconnected from the pit. 4. The earth pit connection was checked and found with provision of individual pit assigned for this LA and not connected to main mat.

Analysis:

1. In practice the LA during the checking of LCM was only monitoring the condition of LA instead of the associated earthing system. 2. So due to better condition of the material (Zno2), the result was getting obtained within the limit. 3. Again during the installation condition, as the connected earth strip was in rusted condition, so the leakage current was remaining within the allowed limit zone. 4. But due to faulty earth system and during lightning situation, the surge instead getting dissipated to ground would have resulted the thrust on the material with radial pressure.

MAT Bellow changed out of Relay Zone

TRIPOD Earthing

Actions taken:

1. The positioning of the metal Bellow was taken out of the Relay zone. 2. The metal bellow was changed towards conservator and out of the Buchholtz relay zone. (Refer Fig- 2.2.2). 3. After change of the metal Bellow position, this abnormal alarm of the Buchholtz relay did not occur. 2.3. Failure of 220 KV LA: At one of the 220/132 Kv Grid Sub-station, one 220Kv LA failed with blasting in the switchyard.

Observation:

1. The LCM of the said LA was being taken regularly and found with the value within the range. 2. The monitor provided in the LA was also reading the leakage current within the range and very minimum value. 3. The earthing system was checked and found with rusting of the earth

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Fig 2.31

5. This situation on repeated lightning might have caused the failure of the LA with blasting.

Actions taken:

1. The earthing at the station was strengthen by providing TRIPOD earthing ( Ref Fig- 2.3.1)with three electrode being inter-connected and distance of separation being minimum 3 mtr between electrodes ( practically it should be double the length of the pipe to avoid zone of overlapping. So the distance should be of 6 mtrs.) 2. This TRIPOD earthing was finally connected to Earth mat of the grid. 3. The earthing at the POLE footing end in the line was also strengthen. 2.4. Red hot observation on CT studs: At one of the 220/132 KV Grid sub-station, it was observed with REDHOT on maximum of the CT studs except ||www.electricalmirror.net||

two numbers of same make CTs for the loaded condition beyond 80 to 90 amperes of current.

Observation and Analysis

1. From the common sense study it was apprehended that as red hot is resulting in maximum of the CTs, then it might be due to any manufacturer defects. 2. So the OEM was inquired about the reason of hot spot occurrence. 3. On availing the shutdown of the CTs, the checking was done and observed with maximum of the CTs have not been provided with Bi-metallic strips. 4. In practice, the stud as used is of copper metal and pad is of aluminum, so it requires to have Bi-metallic strips for proper expansion during heating of copper metal and subsequent temperature transformation to aluminum pad. 5. In this case metallic strip was provided but it was not of Bi-metallic. 6. The other TWO CTs where no such red-spot observed was checked and found with correct Bi-metallic strips.

Recommendations: It is always recommended to use Bi-metallic strips for CT

studs or any other connections where the use of bi-metallic connection is done. 132KVI/C

CT 132KV BUS CT

PTR CT

CTR

200/1 with PSM 1.0 33KV BUS

Fig 2.5.1

2.5.

Abnormal tripping of the feeder: It was found with occasional tripping of the up-stream incomer of one of the transformer in one 132/33 Kv grid substation for the fault in the downstream line.

Observations and Analysis:

1. The CT as used in the affected feeder was checked on its ratio and use of setting on PSM feature. 2. The CT as shown in the figure 2.5.1 is of CTR 200/1 and PSM 100% = 1.0. 3. The CT on the downstream for the outgoing feeders were found with of ratio of 100/1 with setting of PSM 1.8. 4. The usual maximum load current for this transformer were of 200Ampere. 5. So during fault occurrence and fault current becoming very high was resulting with the effect of this current on the associated CTs. 6. The setting of the downstream CT and its relay has been taken above the limit of its ratio 100/1 (PSM =1.8) and the setting of upstream CT is within the limit of its ratio 200/1 (PSM=1.0)

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7. So the replica of current during fault occurrence for the CT above the limit of its CTR may not cause the appropriate current on the secondary side, for actuation of the relay. 8. In this condition in some cases, the downstream feeder may result lower current value, for which the upstream feeder may cause tripping action.

Actions Taken: The CT on the downstream feeder was changed and setting on the relays was taken within the limit of the ratio. The then after such kind of tripping did not result. 2.6. Initiation of Transformer on Buch-holtz relay Alarm: At one of the 33/11 Kv Transformer, one of the 10 MVA transformer was resulting with initiation of Buchholtz Alarm Intermittently.

Observations:

1. After actuation of Alarm, the transformer was continued with the supply to the system. 2. After 6 to 7 hours, the trip command was issued. 3. The gas was collected and sent for DGA and on obtaining the result, it was studied with of no objectionable gas accumulation. 4. Then the transformer was again charged on venting of the gases. 5. Similar situation results after 2 days followed by tripping of the transformer after initiation of tripping. 6. This time the transformer was tested and again found with no deviation of the values. 7. So the transformer was again charged for the further investigation. 8. The transformer tripped on same Buchholtz relay. 9. This time the transformer was not allowed to charge and kept under shut-down after venting out of the gases. 10. But the accumulation of gas in the Buchholtz results even on Shutdown condition. 11. On detail checking it was found with severe oil leakage of the transformer due to damage of epoxy insulation of the Bushing CT.

Analysis:

1. Oil leakage in the transformer in the zone of Main tank may cause the ingress of moisture and also air. 2. This ingress of moisture or air depends upon the intensity of oil leakage during the volumetric rise/fall of the oil due to expansion or contraction during operation of the transformer. 3. Moreover this volumetric change of oil also depends upon the atmospheric temperature change of the surrounding. 4. So for the situation of severe leakage, the air ingress may cause the flow towards Buchholtz relay and get trap in the chamber, resulting with alarm and then tripping of the transformer. 5. This was also resulting during the OFF condition due to ingress of air for the change of the temperature in the system.

Action Taken:

1. The leakage of oil was arrested by the replacement of the bushing and conditioning of the turret and kept for observation after charging of the transformer. 2. After replacement and arresting the oil leakage, this tripping of Buchholtz relay was stopped.

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ndustry Feature:

Smart Grid & Smart Meters

The Evolving Smartmeters Scenario: A Brief Review

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mart meters market is projected to reach $19.98billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 9.34% from 2017 to 2022.Factors such as govt policies & mandates in developed economies and accurate billing & improved customer service are driving market globally. While Asia-Pacific is estimated to be the fastest growing region The smart meters market is projected to reach $19.98billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 9.34% from 2017 to 2022. Smart meters are used in the industrial, commercial, and residential sector, measuring energy consumption of the consumers. Factors such as government policies & mandates in developed economies and accurate billing & improved customer service are driving the market globally. Residential customers are the fastest end-users of smart meters, followed by commercial and industrial customers. High installation costs for end-users would be a restraint for the smart meters market. With regards to the application segment, the residential segment is expected to constitute the fastest growing market from 2017-22. The meters measure the electricity, water, and gas consumption and communicate this to the central utility system. The installations of these devices in the residential sector helps in reducing CO2 emissions globally as the consumer's inclination towards peak time savings of energy would increase. The increasing residential construction activities and government mandates like the European Union 20-20-20 policy, which aims to convert 80% of the installed meter base to smart one, have ensured the growth in the demand for smart meters. With regards to the technology segment, AMI are expected to constitute the fastest growing market from 2017 to 2022 because of its advanced technology. Moreover, AMI reduces labor cost and several power, water, and gas utilities worldwide are replacing AMR with AMI infrastructure, further creating growth opportunities for the AMI market. Asia-Pacific is estimated to be the fastest growing market for smart meters from 2017 to 2022. Factors such as government policies & mandates in developed economies and accurate billing & improved customer service are driving the global smart meters market. China is expected to grow at the fastest pace during the forecast period. Furthermore, the growing power sector in India is expected to spur the growth of the market, and represents a promising opportunity for major smart meters providers. Japan is also

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expected to witness a significant growth during the same period. On the other hand, Europe and the Middle East are trying to boost their energy efficiency programs, T&D spending, and construction &infrastructural activities. High installation costs for end-users could be a restraint of the smart meters market which might lead to decline in profit. Additionally, Radio Frequency (RF) emissions from smart meters are within the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) limits. However, some campaign groups (such as Stop Smart Meters U.K.) in both the U.K. and the U.S. believe smart meters to be an unnecessary health and security risks. Hence, these uncertainties with respect to smart meters would hinder the smart meters market growth. Leading players in the smart meters market include Itron, Inc. (U.S.), Kamstrup A/S (Denmark), Holley Metering, Ltd. (China), Honeywell International, Inc. (U.S.), and Toshiba Corporation (Japan). Contracts and agreements was the most commonly adopted strategy by the top players. It was followed by new product developments, expansions and investments, and mergers & acquisitions. Smart Metering is still at a nascent stage in India, where it is being tested and implemented by only a few utilities equipped with technology and deep pockets to do so. However, it provides a sea of possibilities in streamlining and advancing our home energy infrastructure. Asmart meter is an electronic device that records consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less and communicates that information at least daily back to the utility for monitoring and billing. Smart meters enable two-way communication between the meter and the central system. Traditional meters only measure the total consumption, providing no further breakdown of information; smart meters on the other hand measure site specific info., allowing utilities to introduce different prices for consumption based on usage during the time of day and according to the season. This works in a way that in case electricity generation is constrained due to various reasons and has to be bought from other gencos, the price fl uctuates, depending on which the meters will automatically charge the customer. But this has its own set of pros and cons. Proponents believe that billing customers at a higher rate for peak times will encourage

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Smart Grid & Smart Meters

consumers to adjust their consumption habits to be more responsive to market prices and could delay the construction of additional generation, thereby controlling sharp rise in electricity prices. There are some concerns, however, that low income and vulnerable consumers may not benefi t from intraday time-of-use tariffs; besides the inherent ability of smart meters to provide two-way communication and data readings remotely could result in large layoffs of meter readers. The smart metering business case is broad and complex, as the technology has the potential to impact the entire electricity system, from generation investment and dispatch, through network optimisation, all the way to retail operations and beyond into the home. The most commonly pursued benefi ts, however, have tended to be focused on the retail area, particularly the core areas of meter reads and consumer service support. While the benefi ts are becoming well characterized in the retail area, it is clear that many of the potential benefi ts from distribution optimisation and capital effi ciencies are commonly discounted or ignored. “The benefi t of any smart metering to a utility is that the utility gets a better view of the customer’s usage of electricity by the customer. While, the benefi t to a customer is that a customer can also get a better view of his usage, through the customer portal and thereby control the usage of electricity. The customer and the utility 40 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

can work closely to implement multiple programs such as time of day billing, demand management programs etc.

Potential of Smartmeters

Smart metering is becoming the trend in many countries such as Italy, Sweden, Australia, Canada and UK. It enables power players to provide accurate bills without the need for manual reading of the meter; helps in managing supply and distribution remotely and assists customers reduce their consumption by providing accurate real time data on their consumption as and when required. Smart metering and smart grid technology in the Indian power sector have recently attracted much attention to improve the performance of power utilities. Many countries in the west have already started using smart metering on pilot projects or in selective roll out for specific urban areas. India is a very important market for new emerging technologies such as this, as the country gets ready to transform its power sector. Power utilities procure meters from various meter manufacturers. This ensures completion and the utility is able to negotiate competitive pricing. As a result, it is critically important that smart metering solutions are interoperable, enabling meters from multiple vendors to be incorporated into an ‘open system’. Currently, the Indian meter manufacturing industry does not have standardised communications protocols,

a gap that could prove problematic when sending data across a wireless network. The implementation of an ‘open meter protocol’ that is tailored to the requirements of the Indian utilities and optimised for real time monitoring over wireless mesh networks will prove invaluable and should be implemented as soon as possible. To witness a turnaround and make this technology mainstream, a collaborative approach through vendor partnership and an economics of scale needs to be worked out before the large scale rollout of this technology. With growing economy of India and its ever increasing demand for electricity, use of smart metering technologies can offer varied benefits and help address some of the most pressing challenges of power sector like high AT&C losses, poor customer service, peak load management etc. Govt policies too are encouraging installation of metering for all customers. Adoption of smart metering technologies is emerging to be the most relevant next step. Realising the importance of smart meters, the CEA had brought out a report outlining the functional requirements. Also, with the announcement of Smart Cities, the smart grid technologies are expected to gain importance. The smart metering will be the first step towards this cause. Smart metering is still in an early stage, as there is no mass scale implementation done of any smart metering program. They need to start rolling it out for select customers, wherein a ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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their losses and debt burden. Global investment in the technology is expected to hit $19 bn this year, according to research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance. A smart-meter is an electronic device that records electricity consumption at short intervals and communicates it back to a utility for monitoring and billing. The devices are capable of two-way communication. Most of India’s discoms, lose money on every unit of power sold due in part to theft, inadequate billing and selling below cost to poor and agricultural consumers. State-run distributors held combined debt of 4.3 trillion rupees as of Sep’15, the latest year of available data. The debt levels limit their ability to adequately meet the power demands of existing customers or add new consumers in a country where millions of households don’t have electricity, but where power plants also remain underutilized. The average technical and commercial losses at discoms in 24 states who’ve signed up under a reform plan currently stand at 21%, according to the Govt. Last year, the Indian Govt said it’s aiming to outfit approx. 35 mn customers with smart meters by the end of 2019. Considering that there are 1-2 mn meters installed as of today, this would require an installation ramp-up faster than any country except China. If we were to see a no of large utilities announcing large procurements then this might alter the forecast but currently it looks reasonable. In terms of market 42 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

size, BNEF estimates a cost of $73 per installed meter, which is toward the lower end of global costs. Due to the low costs and limited installations, BNEF expects India’s market position to fall somewhere between third and sixth in Asia in the next 3-4 years. Smart-meter assets have become attractive to bidders in recent years ahead of a European Union goal to replace at least 80 percent of electricity meters with smart meters by 2020 in a drive to reduce emissions. In July, Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing agreed to acquire CVC Capital’s German smart-meter business Ista International GmbH for about $5.3 bn, including debt. EESL is a joint venture between India’s Ministry of Power and state-backed companies in the power sector such as NTPC Ltd., Rural Electrification Corp., Power Grid Corp. of India Ltd., Power Finance Corp. and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency.

India’s largest smart meter rollout may not be very smart

EESL, a JV between several public-sector enterprises helmed by the ministry of power, invited bids to procure 5 mn ‘smart’ meters to be deployed in Uttar Pradesh and Haryana in Aug’17. However, in this first large-scale rollout of smart meters, EESL may not have chosen the smartest technology, an IndiaSpend analysis shows. Unlike traditional meters that only record energy consumption, a smart meter is capable of two-way communication to also send information back

to the electricity provider. In choosing GPRS over other technologies, EESL wants to use the existing telecom network to transmit data from smart meters, obviating the need for building a communication network from scratch and reducing upfront cost. However, experts have told, this technology may not be the most suited for India, which has poor mobile and data connectivity not only in remote and rural areas but even in large cities. Although EESL would avoid having to pay for installing new infra, new meters may be obsolete every time 5G or newer technology comes in, requiring fresh expenditure. Also, GPRS-based meters would have monthly recurrent costs to be paid to telecom CoS. Govt’s leading electricity advisory, the CEA, finds GPRS less suitable for Indian conditions, and experts say a mix of tech’s is the way forward. Smart meters use modern computer technology to enable a two-way flow of electricity and information, unlike traditional meters that only record energy consumption and can only be used for billing purposes. Deploying a smart, automated metering system would reduce meter-reading and data-entry errors and costs by removing the need for manual meter reading. These meters would also estimate consumer demand, letting utilities forecast and contract power requirements more accurately, according to a 2017 analysis by the ISGF, a PPP helmed by the ministry of power. This is also essential for integrating renewable energy into the grid. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

utility can get the RoI of smart metering. Thus, the roll out of smart metering will take time as the demand is yet to pick up. Large scale orders of over a million meters will help bring down prices and help pick up demand. However, these technologies need huge investment and the industry does not have the financial capacity to fund for technologies. Successful implementation would require support of Govt programs to provide incentives for investment. The 14 smart grid pilot programs were launched by the Govt about two years back. Some projects have been awarded and are operational. These are in the pilot phase and the success of these projects will definitely help boost the application of smart metering. While Govt is trying provide a push through enabling policies, which along with regulatory directives and mandates will propel faster implementation; additionally, integrating it with R-APDRP will help address the funding problems faced by most distribution utilities. The Smart Grid pilot projects are still in the testing phases, so we need to watch the space. Smart meters are important building blocks of the smart grid, so it will definitely help in boosting up the metering technologies too.

Drawbacks

Planning and deploying significant advanced, end-to-end meter technology systems (AMI) is an essential part of a utility’s strategy. Processing and assimilating massive volumes of data gathered from multiple AMI networks. Maximising significant AMI investments through the vital translation of raw data into actionable, enterprise-level business intelligence. One of the most problematic task to date is implementing security protocols that will protect these devices from malicious attacks and new exploits that are discovered against them. One proposed method of verifying the data provided by smart meters is though analysing the data in real-time to detect anomalies. By identifying exploits as they are being leveraged by attackers, this Intrusion detection system (IDS) will mitigate the suppliers’ risks of energy theft by consumers and denial-of-service attacks by hackers. Some groups have expressed concerns regarding the cost, health, fi re risk, security and privacy effects of smart meters and the remote controllable “kill switch” that is included with most of them. Many of these concerns regard wireless-only smart meters with no home energy monitoring or control or safety features. There are also health and safety concerns that the meters due to the pulsed RF radiation emitted by wireless smart meters. Privacy concerns are also an important issue. One technical reason is that these meters send detailed information about how much electricity is being used each time, which would allow to the utility company to infer behavioural patterns for the occupants of a house, such as when the members of the household are probably asleep or absent. A solution which benefits both the provider and the user’s privacy, would be to adapt the interval dynamically as smart meter power data usage patterns can reveal much more than how much power is being used. Research has been done which has demonstrated that smart meters sampling power levels at two-second intervals can reliably identify when different electrical devices are in use and even what channel or program is being viewed on a television based on the electrical consumption patterns of these devices and the electrical noises that they emit.

AMI, critical element for smart grid in power distribution

AMI constitutes the whole integrated infrastructure set up to enable transfer of real-time energy usage information and undertake two-way communication between the utility and its consumersin the former’s network. Typically, these systems entail state-of-the-art electronic hardware and software, robust communication systems and data reception and managementsystems. Globally, AMI has been implemented across various service providers such as electricity, water and gas. In the Indian context, it is the power distribution sector which is at the forefront of adopting AMI. Being capital intensive, utilities are wary of committing large scale investment in such systems. From the utilities’ perspective, getting the regulators ||www.electricalmirror.net||

and consumers to agree on costs of such projects is a difficult proposition. Cost issues aside, there are technical challenges to circumvent. AMI is a complex system, that has to be integrated with varied IT systemsin utility operations. This is not easy, considering the high dependence on legacy systems. Implementation of AMI also requires having interoperability of technical standards across individual components. Basic components/blocks of an AMI system include:

Typical AMI cost breakup IT implementa on 9% Project management 11% End-point hardware 45%

Installa on costs 15%

Communicat ion hardware 20%

In August 2013, the government notified its smart grid roadmap, laying out the broad contours for a future smart grid rollout in the country. To be sure, an inter-ministerial task force (ISGF) has been working as a co-ordination agency since 2010 in this direction. The stated policy is to address the issues of efficiency and management in power transmission and distribution network and in the process achieve the objective of “access, availability and affordability of power for all”. The most important initiative towards smart grids has been the allocation of 14 pilot projects, in which government is sharing 50% project cost. Notably, select private utilities have initiated pilot projects on their own. 100 smart ci es to based on large-scale smart metering

Es mated capex of $60-65 million for 14 pilot projects AMI for industrial and residen al consumers to be tested

AMI-based Smart Grid pilot projects to establish feasibility – results of the technology trials to determine the future course of implementa on

IT-based backbone in 1,400 towns nearing comple on – these are ripe for AMI capabili es

Modern IT infrastructure created in select urban towns to be leveraged for AMI-based projects Focus major urban areas where infrastructure has been upgraded for smart grid tech

AMI-based smart grid in power to be key

Digital assets of smart grid to be leveraged for objec ves of smart ci es being planned Make available a low-cost smart meter so as to enable widespread adop on across u li es and consumers

India enters global smart-meter race to fight utility losses

India is aiming to help its ailing power distribution companies by buying five million smart meters for two of its northern states in a global tender to be conducted later this month. EESL., the Govt agency responsible for running the country’s energy efficiency programs, will conduct the tender. This is a pilot project where four mn smart meters will go to UP and the rest to Haryana. If successful, the program could be adopted by a large number of states. For India, smart meters represent a possible gamechanger by handing power distribution companies the ability to address billing inefficiencies that have contributed to ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Smart Grid & Smart Meters

Smart metering is among the measures proposed under the UDAY to improve the financial health of discoms, which would together cut AT&C losses from about 22% to 15%, and close the gap between the average cost of supply and the average revenue for discoms by 2018-19, as IndiaSpend reported on 13 Apr’17. As per the power ministry’s strategy to roll out ‘advanced metering infrastructure’, smart meters are to be installed in phases, with those consuming 500 kWh or more to be provided with smart meters by the end of 2017, those consuming over 200 units by Dec’19, and all consumers getting smart meters by 2027. There are currently 52 mn meters in India that consume over 200 units of power, of a total customer base of 250 mn, according to ISGF estimates. In Oct’16, the CEA revised its guidelines to suggest that metering infrastructure be rolled out by area and by feeder (a wire that carries electricity from a sub-station to a transformer for further distribution to the consumer), with high-loss pockets taken up first. Consumers are not to be charged for smart meters, and financially stressed power utilities have been unable to pay either. As a result, only 3% of the more than 5 mn meters (5,011,620) recording consumption of over 500 units had been changed to smart meters by Sep’17. Therefore, EESL announced a smart meter bid in August 2017 for the states of UP and Haryana. These states grapple with huge aggregate technical and commercial losses, with latest figures for both states coming to an average of 39.35%. EESL will make the upfront investment, and discoms will gradually pay it back from their cost savings. “The smart meters will help these states in not only significantly reducing their AT&C losses by way of increased billing efficiency, but will completely change the way in which electrical energy is presently being consumed and paid for by the consumers,” the statement added. AT&C losses include losses during transmission and due to theft and deficiencies in metering. EESL will procure meters operating on the GPRS communication system using 3G telecommunications technology, as used in cellular or mobile phones. However, this technology may not provide complete coverage, especially in rural and other areas with low connectivity, and may not bring all the benefits expected, an IndiaSpend analysis has found. To function efficiently, a smart meter must reliably send data back to the server, and IT systems should be able to pull these data out and process them. The trickiest part is communication between the meter and the control centre; that is the challenge. Several competing technologies could be used for this communication, including GPRS, which uses a SIM card within the meter to send data to the server and is the one 44 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

that EESL has chosen for the current procurement exercise. The others are radio frequency mesh (RF mesh) technology, which uses radio waves to communicate among groups of meters that send the data to a data concentrator unit (DCU) for further transmission to the server; and power-line carrier communication, which uses existing power lines to transmit data. In an RF mesh network, about 200 meters send data to a data concentrator unit, which has a SIM card that sends this data through the telecom network to the server. This unit with a SIM card can be installed in an area with good telecom connectivity, and even optical fibres can be used to transmit data. In a GPRS-based network, however, every single meter needs a SIM card to communicate with the server. All meters may not be located in areas with reliable, round-the-clock connectivity, leading to patchy data collection. In many cases, meters are installed in basements, where there is no connectivity. The power line-based technology, on the other hand, enables the grid to transmit data on its own power lines. In practice, however, the network has shown poor results while wireless technologies have become cheaper and more reliable. In Indian conditions, where connections are constantly being added and power lines upgraded, the power line model is not ideal. The CEA’s technical specifications say smart meters can use any of these technologies or their combination. Tata Power is installing 250,000 meters using RF-mesh technology while CESC is running a large pilot in two localities in Kolkata, with 25,000 meters each, and will also replace 200,000 meters in Kota and 50,000 in Bharatpur with RF mesh-based meters. For efficient functioning, information from smart meters must be provided to the IT system at frequent intervals, but data transmission with GPRS technology is not fast enough when used for hundreds of thousands of meters, Chatterjee added. A comparison by the CEA shows that GPRS cards will consume 10 times more power than the nearest comparable RF mesh technology, defeating the aim of making the grid more energy efficient. In 2012, the CEA estimated that the fixed cost of a GPRS modem (required in each meter) was Rs 1,200, as against the Rs 300 that each RF-mesh modem would cost. Large tenders invite low bids: L&T, an infra company, submitted the lowest bid (for single phase meters) of Rs 2,722 per meter (not including the GST), which is 40-50% lower than current market rates, according to this Govt press release dated 9 Oct’17. Yet, GPRS meters entail the additional monthly cost of recharging the data package for a fee, while RF mesh-based meters’ operational costs are negligible. EESL reasoned that there is no point building a communications network when there is one readily

available, and that not having to create such an infrastructure would lead to significant cost savings. One contests this cost savings claim, arguing that over a 10-year period, installation and maintenance costs for RF mesh-based smart meters would be lower. EESL said it would ask telecom operators to increase capacity in areas where data connectivity is poor, which would be in their interest too: They will be getting 50 lakh data points in the country. However, one said, telecom companies have not been enthused by the idea of smart metering because it would require them to make “huge investments” to create a reliable data network in rural areas. None of the telecom companies agreed to guarantee required service levels for smart metering in our previous interactions. If some of the meters in a bad network area are not giving you data in real time the whole purpose of doing this [installing smart meters] will be lost. Although the EESL statement claimed GPRS is the most widely-accepted technology worldwide for setting up smart meters, the CEA comparison says there is not a single notable installation of GSM/GPRS across the full spectrum of industrial, commercial, household or agricultural connections in the world. The RF mesh technology, on the contrary, is being used in electricity meters, gas meters and water meters worldwide, the CEA comparison said. The main benefit of smart metering is to identify power losses in real time through online energy accounting. This is feasible only if all the meters on a feeder are communicating in real time. With the GPRS system, this is not likely to be the case. An alternative way to approach the digitisation of India’s electricity grid would be to let utilities choose a mix of technologies by giving them vouchers to buy their preferred meters, Johannes Urpelainen, founding director of the Initiative for Sustainable Energy Policy, a research programme that tests and implements better energy policies in emerging economies. A technology-neutral approach would avoid the risk of locking in an inferior technology. Given that EESL must recover its investment from discoms’ savings in coming years, a flexible approach would be in its interest.

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pecial Feature: Hydro Power

Future Prospects of Indian Hydropower Potential & Implementation, Infrastructural, Financial Issues 46 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

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India’s RE Sector Highlights

• Among the different sources of renewable power in India, the CAGR in installed capacity over FY07-FY18 was 2.32% for hydro power, 20.12% for other RE sources, supported by the commencement of solar capacity addition since 2012. • GoI is projecting a rapid 17.04% CAGR increase in other RES installed capacity to 275 GW by 2027 supported by a surge in solar power capacity addition. • India accounts for approx. 4% of the total global electricity generation & contributes 4.43% to the global renewable generation capacity amounting to 2,011 GW in 2016 • International Energy Agency’s World Energy Outlook projects a growth of RE supply to 4,550 GW in 2040 on global basis. • As of Jul’17, total renewable power generation installed capacity in the country stood at 103.92 GW, which is 31.2% of the total installed capacity. • Hydro power forms the largest source of energy constituting >43% of total renewable power generation installed capacity. • A hydro power revival policy is in underway which is likely to include the classification of all hydro power projects as RE. • India has the 5th largest power generation portfolio in the world & its current RE contribution stands at 44.812 GW which includes 27.441 GW of Wind power & 8.062 GW of Solar power installed capacity in the country. (As on 31.07.2016). • 4th largest installed capacity of wind power. • 3rd largest installed capacity of concentrated solar power (CSP) • RE contributes 14.7% of the total installed capacity in the country as on 31.07.2016. • Ambitious target of 175 GW of renewable power by 2022 which will include 100 GW of Solar power, 60 GW from wind power, 10 GW from biomass power & 5 GW from small hydro power. During the last century, hydropower has made an important & significant contribution to meeting the energy needs of countries. In developed countries, most hydropower potential has been harnessed. However, the situation is not similar in developing countries such as India. It is seen that nearly 3/4 of

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pecial Feature: Hydro Power

exploitable hydro energy potential in India is yet to be harnessed for the betterment of growth & welfare of population of the region & boost industrial growth. The estimated economically exploitable hydro potential in India is assessed at 84,000 MW (@ 60% load factor) with a suggested installed capacity of 1,48,700 MW. About 26% of this has been exploited with the existing hydro power plants. The study is an effort to bring out vividly the past, present & future of hydro energy in India; some relevant aspects of the global situation are also discussed. Relevant policies of the central government have been touched upon as required while discussing the bottlenecks encountered in accelerating hydropower sector development. India has the capacity to play a lead role in energy security if it were able to harness all the exploitable hydro energy in the region, including Himalayas in collaboration with its neighbouring countries. With the completion a few world class hydro projects of challenging nature such as the Tehri Dam & power plants, Naptha Jhakri Hydro Project, etc. in recent decades, the engineering community in India is well-poised to focus on the development of hydro energy in challenging sites, mostly in the Himalayas, & accomplish the realization of the balance available energy potential that is sizeable.

India RE Sector Review

The Indian RE sector is the second most attractive RE market in the world.1 The country ranks fourth in the world in terms of total installed wind power capacity.2 It added record 11.0 GW in wind & solar 48 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

power capacity in 2016-17. The focus of GoI has shifted to clean energy after it ratified the Paris Agreement. With the increased support of govt & improved economics, the sector has become attractive from investors perspective & India ranked second in RE Attractive Index 2017. As India looks to meet its energy demand on its own, which is expected to reach 15,820 TWh by 2040, RE is set to play an imp role.

Market Size

Total installed RE capacity in India touched 58.3 GW as of Sep’17, which is around 17.7% of total energy capacity of the country (329.3 GW). During Sep’17, total installed wind power capacity in the renewables mix stood at 32.5 GW (55.8%), while solar power capacity was 13.1 GW (22.5%). Total solar capacity is expected to touch 18.7 GW by the end of 2017, which is about 5% of global solar capacity, & further increase to 8% by 2035. With a potential capacity of 363 GW & with policies focused on the RE sector, Northern India is expected to become the hub for RE in India.

Investments/ Developments

According to data released by the DIPP, FDI inflows in the Indian non-conventional energy sector between Apr’00 & Jun’17 stood at US$ 5.9 bn. The CEA expects investment in India's power transmission sector to reach Rs 2.6 tn during the 13th plan (2017-22), & to enhance the transmission capacity of the inter-regional links by 45,700 MW. Some major investments & developments in the Indian RE sector are as follows:

PE investments in India's wind & solar power have increased by 47% in 2017 (Jan 1 to Sep 25) to US$ 920 mn, across nine deals, as compared to US$ 630 mn coming from 10 deals during the corresponding period in 2016. JSW Energy has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Govt of Gujarat for setting up an electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing unit in Gujarat at an estimated cost of Rs 4,000 Cr (US$ 608.88 mn). Tata Capital Ltd & IFC have invested Rs 200 Cr in their joint venture (JV), Tata Cleantech Capital Ltd (TCCL), to increase its loan book for investing in RE projects. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) & the Punjab National Bank (PNB) have signed a financing loan worth US$ 100 mn, which will be used to support solar rooftop projects on commercial & industrial buildings across India. India’s first ever multi-modal electric vehicle project has been launched at Nagpur, which will bring together a fleet of 200 electric vehicles including taxis, buses, e-rickshaw & auto rickshaws, on cab aggregator Ola’s app platform in Nagpur. Private equity (PE) investment firm, Actis LLP, is planning to invest about US$ 500 mn in Solenergi Power Pvt Ltd, its second RE platform in India. Larsen & Toubro (L&T) Construction bagged an order worth Rs 5,250 Cr from Qatar General Electricity & Water Corporation (Kahramaa) for electricity transmission & expansion of network. The GoI & the ADB have signed a loan agreement for US$ 175 mn to be provided to PGCIL for construction of interstate transmission systems for solar power projects which will enable the transfer ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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pecial Feature: Hydro Power

of surplus solar energy to power-deficit states. The GoI & the Govt of UK plan to jointly invest up to GBP 240 mn in an India-UK fund, which will invest in India's energy & renewables sector. Greenko Energy Holdings has raised US$ 155 mn from its existing investors, Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) & Singapore’s sovereign wealth fund GIC, which will be utilised for expanding its clean energy portfolio to 3 GW from 2 GW at present. RE company ReNew Power has announced securing US$ 390 mn debt funding from its existing investor ADB, & will use the funds to develop & expand capacities of 709 MW across various states of India. IFC, along with IFC Global Infrastructure Fund, the private equity fund of IFC Asset Management Company, has announced investment of US$ 125 mn equity in Hero Future Energies, which will help the firm set up 1 GW of greenfield solar & wind power plants.

Govt initiatives

Some initiatives by the GoI to boost the Indian RE sector are as follows: The Maharashtra State Govt plans to set up a 500 MW capacity solar park in its Dhule district with private bids planned in FY’18 & has already selected 1,000 acres of land for the first phase of the project. The GoI has announced plans to implement a US$ 238 mn National Mission on 50 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

advanced ultra-supercritical technologies for cleaner coal utilisation. MNRE has decided to provide custom & excise duty benefits to the solar rooftop sector, which in turn will lower the cost of setting up as well as generate power, thus boosting growth. The Indian Railways is taking increased efforts through sustained energy efficient measures & max use of clean fuel to cut down emission level by 33% by 2030. The Union Cabinet has approved raising of bonds worth Rs 2,360 Cr by the IREDA, which will be used in various RE projects in FY 2017-18. Union Cabinet has approved construction of 10 units of indigenous PHWR, with a nuclear capacity of 700 MW each, which is expected to bring substantial economies of scale & maximise cost & time efficiencies, & thereby boost India’s nuclear industry. Prime Minister of India, Mr Narendra Modi, has proposed building model cities where power demand is met only by solar energy & further stated that bio-ethanol refinery projects should be accelerated to control India's dependency on fossil fuels. SECI, outlined GoI's plan to tender 750 MW of solar capacity, along with offering deals covering four GW of wind capacity during FY 2017-18.

Future Prospects of Hydropower

Est. economically exploitable hydropower potential in India is about 84,000 MW at 60% load factor

with a suggested installed capacity of 148,700 MW3 . The Indus, the Ganga & the Brahmaputra, basins together in the administrative boundary of India could contribute about 80% of the hydropower. The majority of India’s hydropower development potential lies in the key basins of Brahmaputra Basin (66 GW), Indus Basin (34 GW), Ganga Basin (21 GW), & the rivers of South India (24 GW). From a total hydropower potential of 149 GW, India can currently develop only 40 GW of the assessed potential. India’s small (capacity less than 25 MW), mini (3-25 MW) & micro hydropower schemes (with capacity less than 3 MW) have been assessed at 6781.81 MW of installed capacity. Despite such an amazing opportunity, due to varying reasons, even the small & mini hydropower plants could not make an impressive progress. Should the development of the regional resources that can be pooled together with cooperation from India’s neighbouring countries such as Bhutan & Nepal, the hydropower potential figures (149 GW) could increase further by over 50 GW; this can make South Asia’s energy position quite enviable. The share of hydro energy will then really boost the desired grid security of the entire region as a whole even under extreme variations in the load pattern in summer & winter. Efforts by India in this direction ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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pecial Feature: Hydro Power

under international cooperation mechanism can ensure the overall welfare of the region, which lags behind many others such as South East Asia. The hydropower sector in India today is considered to be at crossroads as the decline in its share is impacting the energy grid & its stability. The hydropower’s share was at a high of 40% in the 1970s & one wonders if the same could ever be reached again in the future. In hindsight, even in 2006, hydropower shared about 26% of the installed capacity of the then total energy generation that stood at 124 GW. The balance is tilting adversely with the passage of time. A mid-course correction in our energy policy for an enhanced focus on hydro energy option with all encouraging policies, as rapidly as possible, is a requisite now & this has to consider several new factors that surfaced after the announcement of liberal policies two decades earlier to bring in the private sector with some encomiums. What is crucial is that the energy segment too is given an impetus & hydropower potential unique to regional development obtains the requisite support, not only from the national budgets but also from international funding agencies. The role of India is of importance. The challenges that the sector faces are numerous & all pervasive to social, political, environmental, economic & engineering dimensions with the geological & geotechnical risks that are inherent in Himalayan river valley projects.

Implementation Challenges

Abundantly available potential for hydropower development, particularly in the Himalayan river basins Hydropower involves no extra foreign exchange outgo year after year & insulates the nation with the relative independence in its price. Unlike gas 52 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

power that is prone to international market such as oil prices, & energy costs, it is selfreliant energy when developed to a sufficient extent in the country. Hydropower is subject to no inflationary trends once construction phase is over as the ‘‘raw material’’ for power generation is free from such effects. 960 M Gopalakrishnan Hydropower is green energy & hence stakes better claim as an environment-friendly energy option. Hydropower development can take onboard a few of the concerns such as submergenceinduced involuntary displacement of people through proper ‘‘mitigation’’ measures to ensure that the adverse effects are minimized to affected families & sustainable solutions that provide welfare to their families & successive generations. Hydropower projects support socio-economic development of remote areas as the project site is developed & it is a development option that helps to reach areas that remain neglected, otherwise. Hydropower is not only cost-effective & a renewable form of energy but also multi objective multi-purpose development option as it extends additional benefits such as irrigated agriculture, secure food production & hence food security on a self-reliant basis, flood control, tourism, etc. The hydropower development stands retarded in India, especially in recent times. The challenges are many apart from a few mentioned elsewhere, earlier. Hydropower development is unable to face competition from other energy options despite its attractiveness.

Infrastructural Issues

IPPs feel a strong a need to set up a single window clearance for hydro projects. Various authorities such as CEA, the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Environment & Forests, etc. who are involved in the appraisal

of a hydro power project before it is certified for development. It is being increasingly felt should get their actions together by a time-bound manner. A single window dispensation/authority is advocated so that a project can be cleared without many hassles. Any hydro project submitted for clearance should receive, as per their demand, all the statutory/non-statutory clearances/approvals within six months of submission of the proposal. The certification of commercial viability should be given within 15 days, especially to private developers. The Techno-Economic Clearance (TEC), MoEF & CCEA clearances should be given within 1, 2 & 2 months respectively, as voiced by these groups. The Ministry of Power should have a set of hydro projects cleared from all the angles to avoid hold-up after project commencement by private sector players. Also unidentified are the long delays on account of land acquisition for the project. The process of land (both private & government) acquisition for a project differs from state to state as per the Land Acquisition Act. The government should amend the Land Acquisition Act & include hydropower projects in the priority list & state governments should be persuaded to provide land to the project authority in the agreed time frame to facilitate shifting of projectaffected persons (PAPs). Hydro projects which involve lesser risk element & entail lesser capital investment can be considered for development in the private sector. Public sector entities could preferably take up all. Multipurpose projects; Projects involving inter-state issues & in interstate river systems; Projects involving cooperation with neighbouring countries; Projects for complementary peaking with regional benefits; Projects in NER, etc.

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Financial Issues

There is also a need to off-load indirect cost components on the hydro project. Many hydro projects are located in troubled areas infested by militancy & terrorist activities. There is an urgent need to amend the present policy of the government with regard to charging the entire security expenditure from concept & until commissioning on the project cost. However, the recurring expenditure incurred on security, once a project is started, could to be charged on the project developer. Cost of access roads should not be included in the project cost as development of hydro projects triggers economic & commercial activities around the project site & results in economic benefit to the state. Inclusion of R&R, flood moderation costs, along with the provision of 12% free power to the state in the capital cost of the project needed reconsideration as the provision did not apply to thermal power projects. Although the government planned to achieve 50,000 MW of additional power by the end of the 11th Plan, & brought in private players, it is argued that incentives such as benefits/concession in custom duties & local levies/taxes on project components are being denied for projects even up to 250 MW resulting in low investments in new power schemes. A premium as well as lease rent at 10% is charged where forest land is diverted for a hydro power project. This is also a point of dialogue between the state governments & developers, as land is a state subject matter as per Constitution.

Road Ahead

The GoI is committed to increased use of clean energy sources & is already undertaking various largescale sustainable power projects & promoting green ||www.electricalmirror.net||

energy heavily. In addition, RE has the potential to create many employment opportunities at all levels, especially in rural areas. MNRE has set an ambitious target to set up RE capacities to the tune of 175 GW by 2022 of which about 100 GW is planned for solar, 60 for wind & other for hydro, bio among other. It is expected that by the year 2040, around 49% of the total electricity will be generated by the RE, as more efficient batteries will be used to store electricity which will further cut the solar energy cost by 66% as compared to the current cost. Notwithstanding the apparent efforts of the Government of India by enabling provisions for promoting large-scale development of hydropower in India including a few that brought in a new set of greater private entrepreneurs, problems persist unfortunately due to certain inherent conflicting policies & issues. There is no doubt that several major issues plaguing the hydropower sector have been identified but mending the barriers requires working together at various levels of the ministries in the Centre, & states with the Centre. Some of these issues have been discussed earlier in this chapter. A few aspects may merit greater attention in the days ahead & the way forward is as follows: Recommendations by the Standing Committee for hydropower development are crucial & should be enforced for maximum benefit to the Indian hydropower sector. Consistent policies & regulations should be made through the states. Any variation in policies & benefits offered by different states will cause problems in development of many project sites in different states. Large-scale hydro projects which involve greater risks due to geological uncertainties, etc. should be implemented by the state agencies, while the relatively safer projects with reduced risks & smaller capital investments should be offered to private entrepreneurs. A single window clearance set up for hydro projects will solve most problems related to clearances, etc. Hydro sector needs to develop a set of competent civil engineers or contracting agencies that have the technical & management expertise to conceptualize & develop a project of the required scale. Contract management practices with a transparent system of selection of contractors could resolve any disputes that may arise in the course of execution of various works of complexities in underground works such as long tunnels that can pose several risks such as geological & geotechnical besides being hydrogeological in nature. This also applies to underground power houses as well surface power houses with many hill slope instability problems & surge shafts & other cavities such as de-silting chambers underground & other chambers for locating valves & expansion chambers. Development of each of the hydro projects is unique & may require special provision that could help obviate difficulties, be it

of technical, social or environmental nature. Once project stands launched, revisiting the very scope of the project such as those happening in Ganga Valley or elsewhere, are detrimental to countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s larger interest in protecting the energy needs by diversifying the generation to assure a stable grid in a sustainable manner. More & more of pumped storage schemes, involving unique solutions depending on site possibilities shall add more capacity to hydropower generation. Hydro Power is currently the largest RE source for power generation in the world, meeting 16% of the global electricity needs in 2010. Globally, over the last decade, the growth in electricity generation from additional hydro capacities has been similar to the combined growth of all other renewables. It has also been recognized the world over that hydropower when associated with water storage in reservoirs, can store energy over weeks, months, seasons or even years. As spinning turbines can be ramped up more rapidly than any other generation source, hydropower & pumped storage contribute to the stability of the electrical system by providing flexibility & grid services; therefore, providing the full range of ancillary services required for the high penetration of variable renewable energy sources such as wind & solar. India needs to catch up on its hydropower generation with the rest of the world. There has always been an anticipation that the share of hydropower would reach around 40% for which ample scope exists in India. However, the steady decline in hydropower share & the looming further decline from its 19% of grid share should be reversed for the overall welfare of energy mix. The share cost of hydropower generation in a multipurpose reservoir scheme is far less than the one projected; and, it will continue to be the least cost, sustainable development solution in energy generation. In the ever changing dynamism that the globe faces with climate change, economic swings & downturns with fuel policies & global compulsions to contribute to greenhouse gases, at the least, hydropower would always remain the best sustainable energy option. It is hoped that with the all-round efforts & technological advancements, the most intricate Himalayan projects could also come up with regional cooperation & strength. India should show the way to lead the South Asian power stability by utilizing the enormous untapped hydropower potential in the Himalayas in the decades to come. Engineering community would be ready to meet any challenges, having demonstrated their immense capabilities in accomplishing very challenging projects such as the high dam in Tehri in a highly seismic environment, the longest tunnel & underground works in Nathpa Jhakhri, impressive Tala Project in Bhutan etc., to quote a few recent engineering marvels. ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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ndustry Focus: Automation Industry

Manufacturing's Next act: Automation and Industry 4.0 54 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

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henever there's widespread change in any sector you can bet your bottom dollar that a word will be coined alongside it, & the new buzzword for the combination of industry & the current IoT technology is Industry 4.0. Think about what the industrial revolution did for the Victorians & you get an idea of the type of wholesale change that is already taking hold of the industrial sector. You're probably wondering exactly what it is though, & with that in mind, here are five things you absolutely have to know about Industry 4.0. This isn't a new technology. Nor is it a business discipline. It is in fact a new approach to achieve results that weren't possible 10 years ago thanks to advancements in technology over the past decade. Some will also tell you that it's in fact the fourth industrial revolution. First industrial revolution was the Victorian one that kicked it all off by moving from farming to factory production in the 19th Century. The second one ran from around the 1850s to World War I & began with the introduction of steel, culminating in the early electrification of factories & the first spouts of mass production. Closer to home is the third industrial revolution that refers to the change from analogue, mechanical, & electronic technology to digital technology that took place from the late 1950s to the late 1970s. The fourth, then, is the move towards digitisation & involves three key parts. One is the Internet of Things & cyber-physical systems such as sensors having the ability to collect data that can be used by manufacturers & producers. Secondly, the advancements in big data & powerful analytics means that systems can trawl through the huge sets of data & produce insights that can be acted upon quickly. Thirdly, the communications infra. backing this up is secure enough to be used by heavy industries. Smart factories, which will be at the heart of Industry 4.0, will take on board information & communication technology for an evolution in the supply chain & production line that brings a much higher level of both automation & digitisation. It means machines using self-optimisation, self-configuration & even artificial intelligence to complete complex tasks in order to deliver vastly superior cost efficiencies & better quality goods or services. The industrial internet is basically a term coined by GE to describe the way that big data analytics combined with the Internet of Things can produce extended opportunities for industries. In its 'Industrial Internet Insights Report'

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for 2015 the company said it expects the concept to assist firms in aviation, oil & gas, transportation, power generation & distribution, manufacturing, healthcare, & mining. GE even has a formula for the industrial internet. It starts at the bottom with big data, to which you add the IoT (equipment, products, factories, supply chains etc), then throw in the technological expertise surrounding analytics, & finish it off with the context of the industries where equipment or the patients are at the heart of the business. That there is the industrial internet. There are already a range partners signed up such as AT&T, Cisco, Intel, Amazon Web Services, Accenture & EMC's Pivotal Initiative, thus ensuring that it has the backing & power to become a huge influence in the decades to come. Industry 4.0 is another area where the IoTs looks to play a huge role thanks to the sheer volume of sensors & "things" that have the potential to feed information into it & add value to manufacturing processes. Projections on the industry have mentioned the IoT alongside cyber-physical systems as ways in which a combination of software, sensors, processors & communications technology will underpin the very development of Industry 4.0.

What drives i4.0?

I4.0 digitises & integrates processes vertically across the entire organisation, from product development, purchasing, through manufacturing, logistics & service. All data about operations processes, process efficiency & quality management, as well as operations planning are available real-time, supported by augmented reality & optimised in an integrated network. Horizontal integration stretches beyond the internal operations from suppliers to customers & all key value chain partners. It includes technologies from track & trace devices to real-time integrated planning with execution. Digitisation of products includes the expansion of existing products, e.g. by adding smart sensors or communication devices that can be used with data analytics tools, as well as the creation of new digitised products which focus on completely integrated solutions. By integrating new methods of data collection & analysis, CoS are able to generate data on product use & refine products to meet the increasing needs of end-customers. Leading industrial CoS also expand their offering by providing disruptive digital solutions such as complete, data-driven services & integrated platform solutions. Disruptive digital business models are often focused on generating

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ndustry Focus: Automation Industry

additional digital revenues & optimising customer interaction & access. Digital products & services frequently look to serve customers with complete solutions in a distinct digital ecosystem.

bandwidth has decreased by a factor of nearly 40 times. Processing costs have declined almost 60 times. Today, in the virtual world, new models can be used to simulate & analyze products & processes from the physical world. In product development, these models can be used for product optimization & to operate & control the manufacturing process. In business, these models can even be used to support business decisions.

Business benefits

I4.0 is enabled by technologies that integrate the digital & real worlds, such as: Internet of Things (IoT) Connecting more & more systems, devices, sensors, assets & people through networks ranging from wireless, low-power wide-area networks to wired high-capacity networks. Mobile solutions Including smartphones, tablets, wearable sensors & smart glasses. Cloud computing Including low-cost processing & data storage solutions. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) Monitoring & controlling physical processes using sensors, actuators & processors, based on digital models of the physical world. Big data analytics & business intelligence Turning data into actionable insights, which include early warning algorithms, predictive models, decision support, workflows, dashboards. Advanced manufacturing technologies Including robotics & 3D printing New technologies have never been more abundant or affordable. At the same time, the capability to collect, distribute, share & analyze Info to make decisions based on realtime data & predictive analytics, & create new business value has improved considerably. This is evident from the significant drop in sensor, bandwidth & processing costs in the last 10 years. Sensors, bandwidth & processing costs have dropped dramatically in the last decade: Sensor prices have dropped to an average of 60 cents. The cost of 56 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

A digitally-integrated, intelligent supply chain enables an unprecedented level of collaboration & real-time visibility across the supply chain to help address rising customer expectations. Imagine a real-time connected supply chain. What if all the participants in the supply chain shared data from their production sites, vehicles, warehouses & databases in real time? What if you used real-time points of sale & inventory data to understand the state of your business? Would you be better equipped to accommodate critical orders & meet customer expectations with faster, more accurate shipping & handling? Imagine connected vehicles, containers & pallets. What if your company tracked & controlled the condition & location of your products throughout the supply chain? Would this help your company improve inventory management & product quality? Would serialization help your company deal with fraud & counterfeit products? Imagine connected smart production equipment. What if equipment settings were self-adjusted based on materials used, products being made & other ambient conditions? Is your company able to customize mass-produced products based on the needs of an individual customer? What if equipment could be monitored remotely & malfunctions predicted accurately? Imagine connected mobile & wearable devices. What additional functionalities & services would your company deliver to customers? How would you improve worker safety? Whatever your business, what if a fluid digital continuum could connect your departments, customers, suppliers, partners, production equipment & products throughout your product & services life cycles? A digitally-integrated & intelligent value chain offers almost limitless possibilities. I4.0 solutions improve operations efficiency, productivity, product quality, inventory management, asset utilization, time to market, agility, workplace safety & environmental sustainability. Today, the most promising I4.0 solutions are energy mgt & predictive maintenance, especially in combination with manufacturing execution systems (MES). ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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to monitor the end-to-end manufacturing process, address bottlenecks, reduce waste & energy costs, & remove operator intervention. IoT can also improve inventory management by using weight or height detection sensors to enable condition-based automatic reordering, depending on actual stock quantities, instead of replenishment estimates. Furthermore, remote monitoring & sensing of toxic gas, oxygen & ozone levels inside plants can dramatically increase workplace safety.

Solutions

The following four main characteristics of I4.0 demonstrate the huge capacity that industry & traditional manufacturing have for change: vertical networking of smart production systems, horizontal integration via a new generation of global value chain networks, through-engineering across the entire value chain & the impact of exponential technologies.

business applications & customer-facing applications. CoS making the right choice of these components & adapting & integrating them into a new over-arching solution will secure long-term market advantage.

Analytics & data management: I4.0 will generate enormous quantities of data. Gathering, analysing & processing such big data will generate new insights, support decision-making & create a competitive advantage. CoS need to develop new specialist skills in the areas of analytics & efficient data management, & put new business processes in place on the basis of the insights that this analysis reveals. CoS who set themselves apart from their competitors in this respect will overtake existing sector leaders. Cloud-based applications: The simple networking of cloud-based solutions offers

excellent opportunities to host & make efficient use of the big data generated by I4.0. Cloud-based solutions will become increasingly crucial to I4.0. There are particular advantages for decentrally networked smart-production systems, where previously unimaginable computing power will enable cloud-based applications to deliver universal, anytime access to all key data. This makes it simpler to gather, monitor, distribute & analyse data not only between factories but also across the entire global value chain network. This forms the basis for providing over-arching market solutions that seamlessly integrate all stages from suppliersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; value chains to end customers & allows innovation beyond products.

Operational efficiency 2.0: The DigiT to I4.0 also offers new opportunities

Vertical networking

IT Integration: The vertical networking of I4.0 requires new IT solutions. In many cases existing IT infra.s are very fragmented & result in poor networking. New, combined solutions need to be developed from a range of components from suppliers of sensors, modules, control systems, communications networks, 58 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

to drive forward operational efficiency. The effective analysis, assessment & application of the data collected from machines & sensors enable rapid decisionmaking to improve operational safety, work processes, servicing & maintenance. Transparency not only makes development & production processes more efficient but also offers substantial operational cost reductions for customers, because maintenance work is carried out in a needs-oriented manner (e.g. only a short while before a risk develops). This creates long-term competitive advantages in both reliability & price.

Horizontal integration

Business model optimisation: I4.0 means getting to grips with radical new approaches to business rather than merely making incremental improvements ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ndustry Focus: Automation Industry

Predictive maintenance: Using sensors to determine when equipment needs

to be serviced can prevent breakdowns & reduce routine maintenance costs With in-built sensors connected to the Internet, it is possible to monitor production equipment remotely & in real time. This enables predictive maintenance, where analytical models can be applied to predict future areas of concern. In this case, recommendations can be sent to operations, maintenance & IT departments to address a breakdown, even before it occurs. By doing so, operating costs & capital costs can be reduced by facilitating proactive servicing & repair of equipment, thereby improving capacity utilization & productivity. Together with Microsoft, CGI has developed an elevator maintenance solution for one of the world’s leading elevator manufacturers, using the latest Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The company, which maintains more than 1.2 million elevators around the world, wanted to transition to a more proactive, predictive maintenance approach driven by real-time data. The solution extracts data from smart sensors on the elevator, generates valuable insight using analytics, & makes the Info available to supervisors & service technicians via cloud-based dashboards. The system was implemented for a no of the CoS elevators & has resulted in reducing elevator

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downtime, improving resource planning, cost forecasting & maintenance scheduling. In this way, equipment manufacturers can use IoT technology to change their business model to a service model, provide ongoing maintenance under contract & guarantee a defined uptime for equipment. IoT technology enables real-time monitoring & remote service. In addition, performance data can be gathered to improve the design & reliability of the equipment, thereby reducing warranty costs. Once equipment is interconnected & managed through IoT, it is possible to improve asset utilization significantly. According to research by McKinsey & Company, predictive maintenance using IoT can reduce maintenance costs of factory equipment by 10–40% & bring down equipment downtime by up to 50%. Energy management: Managing energy consumption results in greener operations, lower energy costs, lesser unplanned downtime & more consistent quality Manufacturers are increasingly pursuing a resource efficient & sustainable approach due to several economic, social & governmental pressures. In energy-intensive industries, energy costs form a significant part of the operation costs. In this scenario, the use of IoT & predictive analytics has an important role, as these technologies can reduce energy consumption & operating costs significantly. In manufacturing organizations, metering does not reveal how energy is distributed across buildings, processes & equipment. Hence, the 1st step towards developing a systematic approach to energy mgt & improving a company’s competitive position lies in the increased visibility of energy consumption patterns. Energy consumption in a plant can be easily monitored through sensors in a facility & production equipment. Monitoring deviations from regular energy consumption can help to detect failing equipment. In addition, manufacturing execution systems (MES) capture relevant data, such as equipment settings, shifts & process parameters, providing insight into how energy is used in operations. Further, predictive analytics also provides manufacturers with insights that help in the implementation of energy programs. According to research by McKinsey & Company, PWC & Roland Berger, energy management using IoT can reduce factory energy costs by 10–30%. Other areas of interest are supply chain management & inventory management. I4.0 solutions can offer manufacturers a comprehensive view of the production process & provide real-time controls that facilitate an uninterrupted flow of finished products & avoid defects. Additional sensors can also be installed in plants to monitor process conditions with greater granularity, while models can be used to predict process capability & product quality. This helps organizations ||www.electricalmirror.net||

to established business models. To achieve this, CoS need to develop new skills, both at individual employee level & within the organisation as a whole. A solely top-down approach will create resistance in the organisation, while introducing pockets of innovation within traditional business will provoke a reaction from less engaged employees. Successful CoS will develop new segments on the edge of their current business that will, in time, become central to the business.

Smart supply chains: There will be a particular focus on new models that are

tailored more closely to individual customer needs & enable new cooperative models with business partners. However, this will place new demands on the supply chain. The DigiT will create a single database, making supply chains smarter, more transparent & more efficient at every stage, from customer needs to delivery. Research & development, procurement & purchasing, production & sales functions are becoming more closely aligned as digitisation advances. The most successful CoS will use better communications to integrate suppliers & customers’ needs into all value-creation activities.

Smart logistics: In the wake of digitisation, logistics processes will have to become smarter right across new generations of global value chain networks (’smart logistics’). This applies to inbound logistics, intra-logistics & outbound logistics. Major challenges are posed by the integration of autonomous technologies, flexible logistics systems, new services, new warehousing & distribution models & the interlinking of internal production, pre-assembly & external service providers. All these areas need to be addressed to remain competitive. IT security management: The extensive networking already cited & the high

levels of data sharing involved in I4.0 will greatly increase the demands made on data security. CoS urgently need a tailored risk management system & a security strategy geared to cyber security & aimed at improving operational security & protection from attack right across the value chain. In this respect, manufacturing industry currently lags a long way behind the financial services sector. New products, data, intellectual property & so on will have to be protected against unauthorised use and/or abuse. Existing factories & structures will have to be equipped & will also have to develop secure solutions for the new networks. New taxation models: In future 3D printing technology will allow the printing of products across countries & continents, with no physical crossing of national borders anymore. This will make new demands in terms of value-added tax & customs duty regulations. New IP management Management of intellectual property (IP) will also have to change as a result of the DigiT to I4.0. New business models & new models for cooperation that arise as a result of I4.0 will require new, individual solutions to the digital IP issue. A broad application of 3D printing will make special demands in this respect. Issues of IP focus not only on printers, printer technology & materials but also on systems & plans.

Efficient management of innovation: Successful management of innovation takes in the entire company & covers strategy, organisation, project portfolio management & product development. The DigiT to I4.0 will make it possible to improve further the efficiency of innovation management in all these areas. Interactive & tailored curricula make individualised learning possible, thereby speeding up strategic implementation & organisational development. In project portfolio management, I4.0 solutions make it easier not only to track the return on investment (ROI) in innovation but also to identify risks by using global comparative project data for monitoring & remedial purposes. In the area of product development, IT can be used to speed up research & development. This transforms the sharing of Info between existing technologies within global networks along the same lines as the ’game networks’ that the global online gaming community use.

Efficient life cycle management: The DigiT to I4.0 will make it possible to provide relevant data for life cycle management at any time & from anywhere. These data will comprise not only Info & reports but also the results of big data processing to generate relevant early indicators through the use of artificial intelligence (AI). AI will use global cross-checking & assess the plausibility of generating relevant bases for decision-making supported by data. It will enable CoS to understand & meet their customers’ needs better, as well as to customise product cycles.

Exponential technologies

Corporate venturing: Corporate venturing offers CoS good opportunities for

investing in new trends at an early stage & for benefitting from disruptive innovation & exponential technologies. Investing in start-ups enables CoS to be involved in developing innovations & to secure their long-term competitiveness. Such investments allow early & convenient insight into new technologies. CoS need to give themselves more freedom to ’look around the next corner.’ Only then, a new business area can be created that can become the new centre of the business in the future. If such opportunities are missed, the survival of CoS could be at risk.

Learning organisation: CoS need to become learning organisations if they are to make full use of the potential of exponential technologies in achieving the DigiT to I4.0. The use & integration of exponential technologies need to be gradual but steady. Learning is the key to sustainable organisational development. Change that is too rapid can be counterproductive. New ideas, processes & business segments are most successful when they start off as a niche where learning goes on, & then gradually migrate to the centre of the organisation to establish themselves as a new leading segment.

Through-engineering

Ten types of innovation: I4.0 will enable integrated & cross-disciplinary engineering throughout the value chain & throughout product & customer life cycles. I4.0 applications are designed to help ensure that innovation is not limited to the traditional area of product innovation. Innovation has traditionally related predominantly to product offerings, but its major potential lies in the areas of company structures, processes, networks & profit models, together with customerfacing functions, such as new services & distribution channels, new uses for a strong brand & distinctive customer engagement (as categorised according to Deloitte Monitor’s “ten types of innovation”). Empirical research shows that the share price of CoS deploying more than just two types of innovation performs better on the stock exchange – & that top innovators deploy five or more types of innovation. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Challenges

I4.0 comes with challenges. Today, manufacturers deal with huge quantities of Info, both structured & unstructured, which reside in databases that are not always properly connected. To create business value & meet customer expectations in terms of innovation, personalization & speed to market, it is necessary to connect these silos & enable a single, unbroken collection of data that is woven throughout the supply chain. In order to achieve this, the following areas need to be addressed:

Awareness: Many manufacturers are still unaware of the possibilities that I4.0

technologies can offer14 & company-specific business cases do not demonstrate this suitably.

Human Resource: Introducing new business models, business processes, & connected products & services will transform the way employees perform everyday tasks. In order to deploy I4.0 solutions, CoS need new people & skills. Certain jobs like those of industrial workers will change or might even become redundant. Warehouse workers, for instance, are expected to be replaced by autonomous robots. New roles, such as “robot coordinator” & “data scientist”, have been created, while routine & physically demanding jobs will disappear. Data scientists, for instance, collect & analyze data & apply their insights to improve manufacturing processes & products. Robot coordinators oversee robots on the shop floor, responding to malfunctions & carrying out maintenance tasks. Industrial workers have to adapt to new roles & work environments. Today, operators already monitor multiple machines & processes simultaneously, while service technicians are assisted by augmented-reality technology & remote guidance from experts offsite. Jobs will require more & more flexibility, IT competency, knowledge of manufacturing & analytical skills. In this scenario, where resistance to change is the main barrier, people will need to be motivated & trained to deliver new products, services & business processes. Cybersecurity: With digital factories & a digitally-connected value chain, traditional

IT security is not enough to protect the business. To overlook this reality is to compromise the stability & security of the company. As CoS innovate, the “attack surface area” or the enterprise area that is vulnerable, gets bigger. The challenge lies in understanding the potential cyber risk that innovation brings. A single plant shut down can cause production losses of millions of dollars each day. Therefore, cybersecurity risks must be mitigated. Industrial IoT devices must be highly secure by design, & securely integrated into existing automation & Info system architectures. Since breaches are inevitable, detection & response mechanisms have to be in place in the industrial control systems (ICS) area as well. This will build a necessary level of resilience for the company. In these circumstances, securing industrial control systems & ensuring cybersecurity cannot be understated. This can also help manufacturing organizations differentiate themselves from the competition.

Investments: In order to implement I4.0 solutions, considerable investments

are required to create a robust & secure network infra. & upgrade or replace legacy systems. To justify these investments, benefits have to be unequivocally & reliably quantified.

Collaboration: Today, no single vendor can deliver all the capabilities needed

to implement I4.0 solutions, as they are based on multiple technologies & devices that run on different networks. The delivery of I4.0 solutions will be facilitated by an ecosystem of IT vendors, OT vendors, system integrators & emerging IoT startups. The critical success factor is close collaboration between the business, IT & OT.

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enable I4.0 & new technical, architectural & business standards are needed. As an increasing number of devices & systems that use proprietary communication protocols enter the market, data silos are formed, creating a complex network of connections between isolated data sources. Although multiple standardization bodies & industry consortia have published reference architectures & standards, there are no universal standards. This makes it tough for organizations to eliminate data silos. In fact, for years to come, the I4.0 ecosystem will consist of multiple reference architectures, standards & protocols.

IT modernization: Currently, industrial automation system deployments are a

collection of proprietary technologies & networks. In the future, we will need to connect business planning & logistics solutions, manufacturing operations management solutions & industrial control systems, such as supervisory control & data acquisition (SCADA), distributed control system (DCS), programmable logic controller (PLC) & human-machine interface (HMI). Processes will not be controlled by a standard programmable logic controller (PLC) anymore, but by a service-oriented, decentralized control system consisting of distributed microcontrollers that communicate using Internet standards. Already, hybrid IT environments combining cloud & traditional IT delivery models are on the rise, as cloud computing continues to emerge as a key enabler of both DigiT & operational efficiency.

Manufacturing future with i4.0

Manufacturers must do things differently to win market share in today’s environment because it is not enough to maintain the status quo. To survive & thrive, manufacturers must focus on growth. One of the ways manufacturers can achieve growth is by leveraging I4.0 tech’s. I4.0 is all about doing things differently introducing automation & data exchange in manufacturing technologies. It includes cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things, & cloud computing.The goal is the "smart factory" with cyber-physical systems capable of autonomously exchanging information, triggering actions, & controlling each other independently. This facilitates fundamental improvements to the industrial processes involved in manufacturing, engineering, material usage, asset performance & mgt, & supply chain & lifecycle management. While there is a great deal of discussion on the various technology enablers of I4.0, it’s more crucial to reframe the discussion around the business benefits. I4.0 isn’t a tech initiative. It’s the future of manufacturing as we know it. It’s not just about improved performance & efficiency; investments into new manufacturing technologies enhance agility, flexibility, & speed-to-market when designing & launching new products & services. Adopting an I4.0 approach also provides the means to navigate change. Manufacturers are reinventing their business models to focus on value-added services, and/or entering new geographic markets or adjacent market segments. Today’s I4.0-outfitted factories are empowered to drive productivity & keeps costs down while ensuring quality & consistency across manufacturing processes globally. From a business perspective, I4.0 supports four major tenets of operational execution: Interoperability; Info Transparency; Actionable Insights; Automation These tenets in turn, support several business imperatives. These include:

Scalability: Automation in the factory gives manufacturers the ability to transition

personnel to more value-added activities, & provides the foundation to extend & expand product & service offerings. As they look to expand globally, automation maintains process consistency across locations. This also allows manufacturers to focus on what they do best to find & refine their sweet spot. This moves manufacturers into a more advantageous position from taking on every job to taking on those jobs the organization can do well, while achieving the best profit margins. Cloud technology is central to I4.0. It allows manufacturers to scale operations by focusing more on core competencies versus IT operations. Many ||www.electricalmirror.net||

small to mid-market manufacturers have limited IT staffs; they must be very strategic with IT resources. The cloud is the great IT equalizer giving small & mid-market enterprises access to leading software capabilities, while freeing them from having to monitor & manage infra.. The cloud also gives manufacturers the ability to spin up computing power, providing agility to help organizations “rise to the occasion” when needed.

Security & Redundancy: As digitization in the factory

continues, security implications grow & a sophisticated & layered approach to security is critical. This is challenging for manufacturers who may not have the security resources in-house to adequately address this growing challenge. Again, leveraging a cloud-hosted software model can give manufacturers the ability to confidently charge forward in their I4.0 initiatives.

Control & Visibility: In an increasingly complex & global manufacturing enterprise, a single digital thread across all operations is needed to support responsiveness, improve collaboration, reduce risk, & streamline compliance requirements. Visibility from order entry to inventory to finished product is required to inform customers, partners & other stakeholders as to status at any time. Customer Experience: This visibility is key to provide the omni-channel order & fulfillment options that customers demand today. It’s also critical to support co-creation the ability to collaborate with customers & suppliers. Making business processes transparent and/ or open to engagement from customers & suppliers can support improved satisfaction, stronger relationships, loyalty. Customization: Mass market manufacturing has given way to personalization & customization. This entails shorter production runs & the need to switch out lines more often. Manufacturers need to be able to configure & reconfigure the shop floor quickly & easily to avoid expensive machine & line downtime. Velocity is the new business currency. Technologies such as augmented reality can help reduce lag time between design & production. 3-D printing is pivotal in this area. To date, the use case for rapid prototyping has proved to be a game changer, & other broader use cases are now coming into focus. These include 3-D printing for spares or replacement parts providing the ability to improve responsiveness for customers at a time of need. Additionally, manufacturers also benefit from 3-D printing of replacement parts another game-changing value proposition when you consider all the benefits reducing the acquisition time & cost of parts, especially for old or obsolete parts, andenabling manufacturers to implement speedy repairs that significantly reduce downtime while extending equipment shelf-life & return on investment. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Innovation: Crucially, manufacturers need to address

whether the business systems they have in place are ready to support the journey toward I4.0. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES), Computer Aided Drafting/ Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) all must be integrated to support the move toward increased digitization & customization. So many organizations are spending many IT cycles on integration (a necessary evil), which takes away from their ability to focus on innovation (competitive advantage). This integration albatross is the subject of a study by Accenture, who reports a typical IT budget may allocate up to 90% to maintaining the current state & just 10% on innovating a “technology debt” that is bankrupting competitive advantage. The boundaries between production & management must disappear, & ERP, MES & other critical systems must form an integrated unit if businesses are to realize the growth opportunities presented by this new age of intelligent manufacturing. Evaluating the existing IT environment is the first step to understanding how ready or unprepared manufacturers are for I4.0.

IIoT in Industrial Automation

IIoT is revolutionizing the manufacturing landscape. Driven by Cloud technology, the IIoT is making robotic automation more viable for manufacturers, leading to increased speed of production and productivity. Adoption of connected industrial robots is expected to have a CAGR of 14.4% from 2016-23. This is a huge amount of growth, however, it is unsurprising given the many benefits of industrial automation. Higher connectivity in robotics drives higher adoption, and vice versa. This trend will continue until its inevitable end: full automation in all manufacturing settings. Quest

to increase productivity never ends for manufacturers. Factories of the future will be fully autonomous, at least from a physical production standpoint. The path to the future of IIoT and industrial automation can be categorized in 4 major stages, some near-term and some long-term. Efficiency-Based Automation: This is the stage we’re passing through now. Industrial robots are made to increase operational efficiency and reduce costs. Robots are bought as single units and many are made to complement and boost worker productivity and safety. Service-Based Automation: In this stage, industrial robots will be implemented in a pay-per-use model and will have higher connectivity capabilities than previous robots. Adoption rates will increase and the higher number of robots in factories will lead to more actionable, profitable data mining. OutcomeBased Automation: Here, industrial robots will be implemented in a pay-per-outcome model. Automation will be commonplace in all manufacturing settings. These future robots will have superior abilities to communicate with one another and to cloud computing systems for long-term optimization based on big data analysis. The data produced by industrial robots will be just as important as the automation they provide. Fully Autonomous Manufacturing: In the final stage, manufacturing processes will have end-to-end automation. Industrial robots will be connected to business information systems and have continuous demand-sensing features. Resource optimization will be at an all-time high, as will productivity. As of now, full manufacturing automation is a ways off, but automation is becoming more and more commonplace, and increasing demand will continue to drive innovation. The IIoT has been a disruptive force in the industrial sector, and it’s only getting started. ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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pecial Focus: Rooftop Solar

ooftop PV is now cheaper than commercial & industrial grid tariffs in all major states in India. This is a result of rising tariffs & falling solar costs. Equipment cost declines in just the last year have also brought socket parity for high consumption residential customers having system sizes greater than 5KW in at least 10 states.

Role of Discoms in The Growth (and Future) of Rooftop Solar Market in India

India is accelerating development of Renewable Energy (RE) projects to provide cheap, reliable, clean energy to its 1.3 bn people. Rooftop solar continues to be the fastest growing sub-sector, & needs to grow faster still to reach ambitious 40GW target, which presents a $23 bn investment opportunity. India has a massive need for energy. Its per capita consumption of electricity is less than a 3rd of the world average. To meet its target of generating 100 GW of solar energy by 2022, India has installed solar parks on large tracts of unused land across the country. Sometimes change comes so quickly it takes time to get to grips with it. One such change is now beginning to take hold in India. Endowed with more than 300 days of sunshine a year, India is making strides towards becoming a global solar superpower. Since 2009, when the country first launched the National Solar Mission, it has installed solar parks on large tracts of unused land across the country. But solar parks need land, & land is scarce in a densely populated country. Tapping the rooftop solar market will be essential for India to meet its massive energy needs. The country has a lot of catching up to do - its per capita consumption of electricity is less than one third the world average. To meet these energy needs, India has set itself an ambitious target of generating 100 GW of solar energy by 2022, 40% of which is to come from rooftop solar. Until now, however, it was difficult to breakthrough into the rooftop solar market. Although the business case was strong, & the costs of solar panels were falling dramatically, financing was difficult to come by. In solar plants, the largest capital investment goes toward the installation of solar panels, & must be made upfront. At todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s prices, this amounts to an investment of about Rs. 5 Cr to produce one megawatt of power. But banks had no models for such new forms of lending. & even where financing was available, the costs were just too high. Things have now begun to turn around very quickly. Since June 2017, when the World Bank announced a $625 mn loan to SBI to provide discounted finance for rooftop solar installations on factories & institutions, market response has been overwhelming. In the past 6 months alone, SBI has approved

pecial Focus: Rooftop Solar

575 MW of rooftop solar installations, giving a huge boost to India’s nascent solar rooftop program. SBI has developed financing models that will provide loans at a very competitive pricing with long tenor. Several capacity building measures & awareness programs are also being undertaken to sensitize operating functionaries. The change is now beginning to catch on. While large MNC’s have begun to blaze the trail, others are lining up to follow. Until now, it’s been a hard sell, because changing mindsets takes time, but now market is ready to take off. There may be blips in between, expected that in 3-5 years time cost of rooftop solar power will fall to Rs. 2-3/ unit. After all, This is the first time in history that every person can generate her own clean renewable electricity, be it the smallest tea shop or the largest factory or institution. With strong sunshine beating down on rooftops across most of this tropical country, future of solar power in India is bright indeed.

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India has installed over 5.5 GW of solar year-to-date, with total cumulative installations crossing 15 GW in Aug’17. Mercom expects about 8 GW will be installed in 2018. The solar project pipeline in India is now approx. 13 GW, according to Mercom’s India Solar Project Tracker. Currently, about 6 GW of tendered projects are awaiting auction. An anti-dumping petition filed by domestic solar manufacturers against solar imports from China, Taiwan, & Malaysia with the Directorate General of Anti-Dumping (DGAD) has been accepted. DGAD, a unit of the Ministry of Commerce, has officially initiated the investigation a nd preliminary findings could take upto 12 months. In general, DGAD rarely accepts a petition unless it is sure about the validity of the case. This means there is a strong possibility that DGAD will recommend an anti-dumping duty on solar imports. The more imp. question is whether the Ministry of Finance will accept anti-dumping duties if they are recommended by the Ministry of Commerce. In a previous 2014 instance, the Ministry of Finance refused to impose anti-dumping duties recommended by the Ministry of Trade. However, DGAD so far has received no objections or petitions by developers & manufacturers, & are strongly pushing to get anti-dumping tariff imposed. After falling by approximately 5% in the second quarter of 2017, for the first time in years the average selling price (ASP) for Chinese modules is increasing in India. Chinese module ASPs had risen by almost 12% as of

August 2017 compared to Q2 2017. By comparison, module ASPs dropped by 12% from Q2 2016 to Q3 2016. According to Mercom India’s channel checks, module prices quoted by Chinese CoS ranged from $0.32/W to $0.37/W (~₹20.5/W to ₹23.6/W) in Q3 2017. In 2017, Chinese solar installations could rise to nearly 45 GW ai ded by the 5.5 GW Top Runner Program, which has a deadline of September 30, 2017, the Poverty Alleviation Program, & strong distributed gener ation project installations. These programs have spurred increased module demand. The wild card right now is the question of how the Suniva anti-dumping case against China underway in the U.S. is resolved. Whichever way the decision goes, it will immediately remove the overhang crea ted by uncertainty surrounding the case, which may start putting downward pressure on module prices that would benefit Indian developers. Solar tariffs breached ₹2.50 (~$0.038)/kWh for the first time during Q2 2017, making solar cheaper than coal in some cases. I n the 500 MW Bhadla Phase-III Solar Park auction, a tariff of ₹2.44 (~$0.037)/kWh won the high-bid to develop 200 MW of solar. Now, every DISCOM wants this rate & it has caused auction activity to come to a standstill as DISCOMs try to negotiate better deals against a backdrop of rising module prices. Without regulatory clarity, the industry finds itself mired in confusion & lacks a cohesive strategy to tackle its challenges. Solar auctions fell ||www.electricalmirror.net||

precipitously in India during Aug’17. Compared to the robust auction activity seen in June, August s olar auction activity in terms of MWs fell by 95% to just 76 MW. Meanwhile, solar tender announcements in India increased by 15% in Augu st 2017, compared to July 2017, with 633 MW of solar tendered. The US & India have agreed that 14 Dec’17, will be the last day for the domestic content requirement (DCR) category. MNRE has proposed the development of 7.5 GW of solar using domestically manufactured solar cells & modules during the second phase of its CPSU program. Program is designed to help revive domestic solar manufacturing industry, which is facing intense competition from Chinese module manufacturers. MoP has issued imp. final guidelines for the tariff-based competitive bidding process for solar projects. The guidelines apply to large-scale projects with a capacity of 5 MW or more. Guidelines aim to address some of the challenges large-scale project developers are facing in India & to replicate success of the REWA auction. They will include payment guarantees, longer construction timelines for large projects, & deemed generation benefits. Guidelines also include a provision for an intermediary procurer & offer some clarity on the change in law clause. Currently, the Indian solar sector is going through a challenging phase. It is imp. to thoroughly understand landscape, which is shifting on a daily basis before making imp. strategic decisions. India installed 11.3GW of utility-scale RE in FY’17, more than installations in the last 2 FYs combined. At the end of FY’17, the country had 57GW of installed utility-scale RE capacity (excluding large hydro), thereby representing 17.5% of the total power generation capacity – up from 12.5% in FY’13. During this 4 year period, India added 104GW of power generation capacity, more than the size of UK’s total generation fleet at the end of 2016. India raised its cumulative grid-connected PV installed capacity by 84% to 12.3GW at the end of FY’17, driven by national & state auctions. Falling costs of RE led to the cancellation of a few planned coal projects. It also prompted attempts to renegotiate existing PPA of RE projects auctioned & commissioned in the past. Nonetheless, more renewables will be added every year compared to coal power installations from 2017 onwards. Solar PV will take a dominant role in future capacity mix, growing steadily till 2029, & surging thereafter.

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Govt. targets boosts investment opportunity

India’s renewables sector is a $53 bn investment opportunity. The amount will be needed over 2018-22 in order to achieve India’s 135GW of utility-scale RE target. Additional financing will be needed to hit the nation’s 40GW target for small-scale solar. The investment requirement is much lower than previously estimated. Rapidly declining costs of wind & solar projects mean that India’s financing requirement for utility-scale projects over the period will be an estimated $19 bn lower than projected just a year ago. Renewables financing will go public. Project finance in India is typically raised via debt through domestic & international banks & equity from Pvt. investors & corporates. Several IPPs are now expected to launch initial public offers in the near future, opening up the market to broader investor participation. Despite a decline in the cost of debt for renewable projects in India in recent times, it still lies between 9-11%, making it one of the highest in Asia. Green bonds worth $2.9 bn were issued in 2017 (till Oct), up from $1.5 bn in the whole of 2016. This financing mechanism is expected to pick up as more IPPs try to free up equity locked in commissioned projects.

Rooftop PV becoming a multi-GW opportunity

Total rooftop PV capacity at the end of FY’17 in India totaled 1.3GW, representing a 10th of the total solar PV installations. Market is also accelerating, more capacity was added in the last financial year than in the previous four years combined. A CAGR of 117% in annual installations between FY’13 & FY’17 makes rooftop PV the fastest growing RE sub-segment in India. This growth is mainly driven by savings in electricity bills & increasing consumer acceptance along with fierce competition in the market. India could reach 9.5GW of rooftop PV capacity by FY’22; ~7 times its current total. Not just the market, but individual projects are also getting bigger. Pvt. sector commercial & industrial consumers have been early adopters of rooftop PV, as they pay the highest tariffs for grid power, & the rates have only been rising. Tech. offers a way to lock in energy costs, & savings. Govt. institutions are now catching-up with solar adoption through mandated auctions. The average installation size of C&I rooftop PV installations by the 20 largest CoS has increased from 250kW in FY’15 to 855kW in FY’18. This has been made possible by better utilization of rooftop space & the willingness of consumers to meet a higher share of demand through onsite sources.

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pecial Focus: Rooftop Solar

Are rooftop PV targets unachievable?

With 1.3GW of rooftop PV installations in India at the end of March 2017, only 3% of the govt.’s targeted 40GW has been achieved so far. More than half the market is concentrated in just six states. In order to achieve the govt.’s target, the pace of new installations needs to double every year between now & 2022. While the YoY growth of rooftop PV has been phenomenal over last five years, India will not be able to maintain its current growth rate, even though rooftop PV installations will keep rising. Rooftop market is still facing 2 main bottlenecks which, if removed, could accelerate growth. Most of the market growth so far has been driven by industrial & commercial self-consumption, not net metering. A simplified process to apply for the scheme could boost residential PV uptake. Most PV so far has been fully self-funded. Improved access to debt for rooftop developers/ customers would accelerate the market.

regulator driven tariff hikes to help ailing electricity distribution utilities recover their cost of electric supply. Costs of solar electricity are further expected to come down globally because of efficiency gains in tech. & manufacturing. For commercial customers, payback periods are already average 5-7 years. A drop in equipment cost & rising grid tariffs will further lower the payback periods for C&I consumers. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of rooftop PV in India for both residential ($0.077/kWh) & commercial ($0.062/ kWh) consumers is one of the lowest in the world & comparable only to some of the sunniest parts in Australia & U.S. The low price is driven by capital expenditures that are 39- 50% lower than the global average. All components, including equipment, EPC, labor & soft costs are cheaper in India. The capital costs are even lower than China, from where India imports most of its PV equipment.

Indian rooftop PV costs scenario

Rooftop PV is now cheaper than commercial & industrial grid tariffs in all major states in India. This is a result of rising tariffs & falling solar costs. Equipment cost declines in just the last year have also brought socket parity for high consumption residential customers having system sizes greater than 5KW in at least 10 states. Retail electricity tariffs will continue to rise at least in the short term due to 68 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finace, Industry surveys.

The upfront capex made up 3 quarters of the market in 2017, whereas the RESCO model accounted for 22%. Newer models like leasing & hybrid investments held only 2% market share. Large corporates with the ability to make upfront investments had previously preferred capex model but are now increasingly opting for RESCO projects to reduce performance risks. At the same time, small & medium enterprises who earlier opted for RESCO to avoid a large upfront bill are now favoring capex projects to avoid signing long-term contracts. A major influencer for capex model has been the accelerated depreciation (AD) benefit which allowed an investor to claim 80% Rooftop PV share of installations in FY’17. Upfront capital dominates the rooftop PV market. India’s FY is from Apr-Mar. Asset depreciation in the first year of installation. This benefit was capped at 40% from 1 Apr’17, reducing the attractiveness of the model. The tilt towards the RESCO model is driven by an increase in the number of CoS offering projects under this model, govt. procurement, acceptance by large C&I consumers of long term contracts & lower performance risks. Lack of financing for RESCO CoS however continues to be a dampener. RESCO adoption has been limited to C&I & govt. clients so far. Residential consumers are generally deemed too risky by the developers, but a few are testing the market now. Many CoS in the C&I rooftop PV sector are offering storage & energy management solutions. This is a client ||www.electricalmirror.net||

retention strategy as increased services offer more opportunities for continued customer engagement. Hybrid model is used to avoid regulatory hurdles in states which allow only consumers to avail net metering. In this model, the consumer has a small equity investment, & the developer/third party investor funds the rest. Leasing of rooftops has been difficult so far because of issues around roof access & future construction risks.

Next wave of growth from Agri & Residential sectors

India’s residential solar market has remained largely untapped, for several reasons: The electricity prices for residential consumers are cross-subsidized by industrial & commercial users & are therefore low. Small-scale PV is far less competitive in Pvt. homes. The average capital cost of residential PV systems in FY’17 were 44% higher than commercial & industrial PV, mainly due to higher soft costs & absence of economies of scale. Residential consumers still lack awareness about rooftop policies & incentives, cost savings, equipment quality, O&M care & other industry innovation & best practices. Consumers often require multiple approvals to avail net metering leading to delays in implementation of grid-connectivity. The costs associated with acquisition of residential customers leave very little margins for rooftop PV CoS due to

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smaller ticket sizes. Therefore, many major CoS have completely avoided catering to residential PV market segment so far. Lack of dedicated financial Next wave of growth will come from the residential sector products from banks & inhibition of consumers to put their residences as bank collateral limits financing options for consumers to avail rooftop PV. Central govt. updated the Model Building Bye Laws which mandate installation of rooftop PV on both old & new buildings exceeding a size & power consumption threshold. Effective implementation of the bye laws & ‘Energy Efficiency Building Code’ that suggest rooftop PV installation, can lead to a sustained growth of the residential PV market. Residential installations will increase their share in rooftop PV markets, driven by socket parity & a quest for more reliable power supply. Rural areas, which face higher grid supply disruptions, are better suited for reliable self generation with small-scale PV rather than their urban counterparts. The latter consume power throughout the day, when the sun shines. Homeowners are usually drawing less power when their PV panels produce, making selfconsumption much harder. Around 8 mn irrigation pumps that are currently powered by diesel could be economically replaced by solar-powered versions. Another 12 mn pumps are powered by heavily subsidized grid electricity. Only 48% of farmed land in India is irrigated at the

moment. We estimate that up to 11.6 mn additional irrigation pumps could be deployed if all agriculture land is watered. Diesel-powered pumps burn an estimated $2 bn of fuel per year. Govt. supports solar pumps with subsidy programs offering up to 90% of capex, which directly cut its fuel subsidy expenses & India’s oil import bill. Only 0.13 mn solar pumps were in use by May 2017, despite an ambitious target of selling 1 mn solar pumps by 2021, favorable economics & a recent surge in uptake. Reliance on govt.driven distribution & sales programs has meant that Pvt. manufacturers or the financiers do not advertize the product, keeping farmers’ awareness of the tech. low & retail demand in check. The sector has seen rapid growth in the last two years, despite a lengthy process to deliver subsidies & challenges in the sales process. Allowing retailers to advertize more aggressively & streamlining the process of securing financing could let the sector grow even faster. Despite improving grid reliability, many commercial & industrial facilities in India still rely on back-up diesel generators to a varying extent. This is common in industrial facilities outside the cities, & also commercial users within the city such as fuel stations, banks or telecom towers. Large C&I facilities & the residential sector spent an estimated $7 bn consuming diesel fired back-up electricity in 2014. Irrespective of back-up power needs, their relatively high electricity tariffs

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pecial Focus: Rooftop Solar

have made them active in Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s booming smallscale solar sector already. A mix of grid power & on-site solar-diesel-storage systems are the most economical way to ensure power reliability for most facilities, as this configuration will reduce the running hours of diesel generators. Just a handful of C&I rooftop projects are currently configured to operate as an islanded micro-grid during a power outage despite the favorable economics compared to back-up diesel generators. As system integration becomes more readily available, we anticipate this market will grow significantly in future. Based on space & self-consumption constraints, we estimate that the sectors using back-up diesel could host 60GW of PV. Rooftop service providers can make several quality compromises which are often overlooked by consumers focused on procuring the cheapest PV systems. Use of sub-standard equipment or poor installation practices can potentially lead to lower system output & system or roof damage. System performance degradation issues may not arise immediately but after a few years. At that time, seeking service may be difficult if a comprehensive long-term agreement is not in place. Established rooftop PV CoS usually have in-house installation teams which help them control quality. Govt. ministries & research institutions have released best practices guides for rooftop PV design, & quality. However, consumer awareness about these is poor.

Customer acquisition becoming expensive 70 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

affair

While the equipment costs have come down significantly over recent years, soft costs associated with a project like customer acquisition costs & labor costs have not come down at the same rate. Acquiring both C&I & residential rooftop PV customers usually takes a couple of months but can range anywhere between two weeks to as much as a year. It also requires multiple follow-ups & site-visits by sales & technical teams adding to the soft costs. Many back-office associated tasks to handle sales, advertising, tender applications, purchasing, logistics, warehousing, office space rentals & human resources, are often overlooked by aspiring market entrants & are often learned through experience. CoS try to work on several nearby sites at once to benefit from site density economics, as on-site teams can quickly move from one location to the other once their task is complete, minimizing logistics & downtime. Future market growth in rooftop PV space will be accompanied by increased competition & it will become extremely imp. for CoS to automate tasks & keep non-equipment costs in check to be able to make decent profit margins. There is no definite customer acquisition strategy used by project developers & product sellers. Their approaches depend on demographics, companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s previous experiences & internal capabilities. Established EPC CoS & subsidiaries of big-brand conglomerates try to leverage existing client relationships & brand image. New

market entrants mainly focus on cost competitiveness, customization, innovation in system designs & remote monitoring.

Role of Discoms in the growth of rooftop solar

Most power discoms in India are owned by the govt. & carried cumulative losses of $67 bn at the end of Marâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;15. Adoption of rooftop solar is increasing amongst the highest tariff paying consumers of the discoms as they try to reduce their energy bills. This can lead to loss of revenues from the most sought after customers of the discoms. A similar situation in the U.S. led to the scaling back of net metering incentives by several power utilities. Indian conditions are different from the U.S. as the PV system sizes are restricted by availability of rooftop spaces. Thus, net metering regulations will have limited impact on the revenues of discoms. Most C&I rooftop systems are also built primarily for self consumption & not for grid-export. Rapidly declining costs of energy storage will further reduce the need for net metering regulations in future. Growth of rooftop solar in India looks inevitable with or without the support of utilities. Rise of rooftop solar presents an opportunity for the discoms to diversify their business & offer new services that help them retain existing customers & meet regulatory requirements. India could therefore learn from countries like Philippines that face similar power sector issues. One local power utility in Philippines, ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Meralco, saw its revenues dip due to rise of unlicensed rooftop PV & responded by starting its own rooftop solar business rather than lose customers. Some initiatives that Indian discoms can take are: Meet their solar purchase obligations & avoid their own installations by directly procuring power from rooftops. LCOE from rooftop PV in many cases is already lower than average cost of supply by the utilities & in a few years it can become cheaper than their average power purchase costs. Discoms promoting higher injection from rooftop PV systems can benefit from lower purchase costs with min. distribution losses, which will in turn also reduce their financial losses. Utilities can start their own EPC offerings to avoid losing customers to third party installers. The utilities would be in a position of strength compared to other market players due to availability of better customer data to target potential consumers & leverage long-standing existing relationship with consumers. Discoms can either start operations in their own region of operation (which would require regulatory approvals) or outside their regions through subsidiaries. Discoms can partner with rooftop PV CoS for service provision. They can leverage their existing workforce & infrastructure to provide O&M services, billing, lead generation, branding & sales support to the rooftop PV CoS. Utilities can provide critical insights about customer load patterns & payment history which can help RESCO developers in system sizing & off-taker credibility assessment. Discoms can defer investments in building last mile connectivity. Working with micro-grid CoS on a franchise model can help discoms meet rural supply responsibilities while avoiding costs of building & maintaining distribution infrastructure. Discoms can be the drivers for growth of rooftop leasing model. Discoms can help in kick-starting the govt.’s plans to promote leasing of rooftops by partnering with RESCO developers. While developers installs rooftop PV systems on customer roofs, discoms can act as a customer aggregator & provide service support in activities like O&M, billing, customer demand & risk assessment. The role of discom as a single point of contact for the customer can help in the model’s uptake as it avoids the hassles of dealing with multiple parties.

Policy Updates

MNRE has proposed developing 7.5 GW of solar by 2022 using domestically manufactured solar cells & modules during the second phase of its CPSU program, which is an extension of an earlier JNNSM program. The proposal comes amid the agreement to end the DCR category by 14 Dec’17, following the WTO ruling against India. MNRE amended the guidelines for the disbursement of the National Clean Energy Fund grant for the development of intra-state transmission systems under the green energy corridor project in the states of AP, HP, GJ, KA, MP, RJ, MH, TN. MNRE has issued a new order stating, State govt. in which the solar park is being developed must agree to buy a min. 20% of power produced in the park through its DISCOMs. If the state has agreed to buy more than 20% of power from one or more solar parks in the state, then the purchase of lower ||www.electricalmirror.net||

capacity from other solar parks in the state is allowed so that the state ends up purchasing a min 20% of aggregate power produced in all solar parks in that state. This provides clarity to park developers & project developers as the prior order did not address states with multiple parks. MNRE has issued an advisory asking state govt.s to utilize the available spare space near substations & prioritize the construction of solar projects based on the availability of land near substations or the transmission system. US & India have agreed that 14 Dec’17, will be the last day for the domestic content requirement (DCR) category. The end of DCR is the primary driver for the latest anti-dumping case as domestic manufacturers feel they have no other way to compete with Chinese manufacturers. The waiver period for ISTS charges & losses for solar projects has been extended to 31 Dec’19. This waiver applies to solar projects commissioned on or before 31 Dec’19. Waiver will apply for a period of 25 years from the date of commissioning. Due to uneven project concentration, project developers have had to pay interstate transmission charges. Waiver of interstate transmission charges will lessen overall project costs & attract more players to the RE sector. Due to the waiver, the solar power tariff could come down by approximately 10% in some cases. The benefits of the policy apply only if the generated power is sold through ISTS. Power sold to local state discoms will not be included in the program, according to the MoP. Some of the power produced by the RE projects is currently not being purchased by the DISCOMs due to their poor financial conditions & the high price of renewable energy. With this policy, projects now have the option of selling power to the national grid without incurring transmission charges & losses. The Ministry of Power has issued final guidelines for the tariff-based competitive bidding process for solar projects. Guidelines apply to large-scale projects with a capacity of 5 MW or more. These guidelines aim to address some of the challenges being faced by large-scale project developers in India & to replicate the success of the REWA auction. They include payment guarantees, longer construction timelines for large projects, & deemed generation benefits. The guidelines also include a provision for an intermediary procurer & offer some clarity on the change in the law clause. In the guidelines, the Ministry of Power included a new provision that enables the intermediary procurer to enter into a PPA with the solar power generator & sign a power sale agreement (PSA) with the end procurer. This is a good move - it aims to bring in a more bankable govt. agency that can alleviate the risks of signing PPAs with struggling DISCOMs. Another imp. clarification in the guidelines is the change in law clause, which has become a big deal after the recently announced GST rates (rates are still up in the air). The guidelines stipulate that when a change in law results in an adverse financial loss to a solar power generator or procurer, then the solar power generator will be entitled to compensation from the other party. This is another sticking point in the industry. The document addresses it in three parts. According to the guidelines, if a project is operational on the scheduled commissioning date but the power evacuation or transmission infrastructure is not ready due to no fault of the developer, a generation compensation will be provided. Generation Compensation in Offtake Constraints Due to Grid Unavailability – If there are instances where bottlenecks make transmission unavailable after the project is operational, then generation compensation will be provided based on the number of hours that the grid is unavailable. Offtake Constraints Caused by Procurer Backdown – If the power procurer flouts the ‘must-run’ status given to solar, then the power producer will receive a min. generation compensation equivalent to 50% of the average generation per hour multiplied by the number of backdown hours, which is then multiplied by the tariff rate. Though this is better than nothing, it is unlikely to stop the backdown of solar as it would still be cheaper to flout the must-run status than it would be to pay the full tariff.

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re Elecrama 2018

ELECRAMA 2018 : FOCUS ON NEW ELECTRICITY ERA

omestic electrical & electronics manufacturers are betting on exports for their growth prospects as the opportunities in the domestic sector have shrunk. Domestic market has shrunk. Whatever growth we are seeing in the industry is on account of global penetration. If the industry gets its international efforts right, expected that in 7-8 years it could become a USD 100 bn industry. Rising demand in Asean markets along with African & Latin American countries is set to keep the export demand buoyant. At present the industry exports goods worth around $10 bn, set to increase to around $50 bn over the next 7-8 years. A drop in capex by 8 govt.-owned CoS to the tune of around Rs 8,300 Cr., was set to hit the industry. Compared with last year's budget capex of Rs 62,600 Cr., in 2018-19 the expenditure is pegged at Rs 54,270 Cr.. While NTPC will see a drop in capex from Rs 28,000 Cr. to Rs 22,300 Cr., PGCIL capex is projected to be stagnant at Rs 25,000 Cr. To facilitate the overseas interest & interaction opportunities, IEEMA will host a 5-day exhibition & seminar called ELECRAMA 2018 at Noida in UP from March 10-14. To meet the challenges of fast-changing energy paradigms, the domestic electrical manufacturers are bracing up to onboard new age energy start-ups with financial & logistical support. Under the aegis of IEEMA, a committee of sector experts would select energy start-ups for handholding & angel funding. The power sector is changing fast & the industry is sometimes not able to keep pace. Now, IEEMA have decided to handhold the selected energy start-ups because these initiatives lack institutional support in India. IEEMA is the apex body of domestic

72 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

manufacturers of electrical, industrial electronics & allied equipment. According to the sources the selected start-ups would be supported by IEEMA members, which currently has about 850 members in the country with a collective turnover of over 42 bn US dollars. It is anticipated that total business volumes generated during THE EVENT in excess of one bn dollars. The previous edition of the event was held in 2016 at Bengaluru when total business deals signed were est. at almost a bn dollars. ELECRAMA covers the entire gamut of electricity viz. generation, transmission, distribution, power electronics, renewable, power storage, electro-mobility & automation. It is touted as the biggest power sector show in the world. In the backdrop of the central govt.’s plans to move towards eVs in India by 2030, the domestic power & energy industry had a massive opportunity to harness & rise up to the challenges. Beyond the purview of the plying of electric vehicles, the whole value chain of infra. & logistics would need up-gradation & adaptation, which would present a huge business opportunity to the domestic industry. The org. is hosting about 600 international buyers & importers from African, South East Asian, Middle Eastern & Latin American countries to ELECRAMA to support the domestic electric & electronics manufacturers tap the export market. Misra stressed the future of global energy was green energy & with increasing emphasis on reduced carbon emission from the power sector, low carbon growth strategy was being adopted in India. Fact is that renewable power technologies have arrived, & are already challenging the domination of fossil-based power generation. In a country hitherto dominated by conventional energy supplies, this brings challenges

& opportunities. An Indian electrical exhibition has reached out to particularly invite the Thai power industry to this year’s annual exhibition in Delhi, highlighting the trade opportunities in electricity-associated industries for both countries. Thailand will need to invest significantly in its energy system over the coming two decades as it has set a new renewable energy target of 30 per cent of total final energy consumption by 2036. Thai govt. has long recognised the importance of alternative, especially renewable, energy sources & the need to introduce programmes in support of renewable energy development & deployment,” he said on a recent trip to Bangkok sponsored by the Indian govt. Additional efforts are being made for strengthening & expanding transmission infra.. The event will cover the entire spectrum of electricity including generation, transmission, distribution, power electronics, renewables, electric transportation, power storage & automation The event brings together the electrical industry ecosystem. With an all-encompassing approach to include everything that is significant in the industry & matters for its growth, the 2018 edition will focus on renewable energy, energy storage, digitisation; & electric transportations opportunities. It will be the largest edition yet with over 40,000 sq. mt. of pure exhibition space & additional 5,000 square metres of pavilions, displays & concurrent events and will feature the new business areas that are redefining the electricity space, the key components being renewable energy, energy storage, digitalisation of electricity through IOT & AI & Electric Transportation opportunities. The key new event additions to the ||www.electricalmirror.net||

event are ETechNxt, which will be focusing on the self-healing designs, automation, remote monitoring the event has also introduced the World Contractors new technology areas & expose the electrical industry & control, & where practical & economic establishment Consultants & Channel Partners Congress (W4C), where to new technology innovations & disruptions & equip of microgrids. The constantly changing conditions in representatives from across the world will integrate them with information to manage the transformation international markets pose certain challenges that & build relations with the Indian supplier segment. to these new paradigm shifts. It will also host a the industrialised nations have to face. Therefore, Global Electrical Equipment Manufacture's Summit power pavilion, a RE pavilion, a railway pavilion ‘innovation’ is the key to the competitive advantages (GEMS), a global platform, will be created for the & an international pavilion from many countries. for the country. Technology advances help lower the first time for the electricity equipment manufacturing Current show has attracted & hosted a whole new cost & risk levels thereby reducing the manufacturing sector to engage & collaborate to strengthen the constituency of end users & industry segments like capital requirements. The organisations have to be industry roots further. A fresh & progressive step in power electronics, renewables, electric transportation, the ‘learning’ organisations to have the sustainable this year’s ELECRAMA is also including the young energy storage & automation. The exhibition will competitive edge. Increased spending in R&D will generation in this age-old industry through E-Tech Next. It is a start-up pavilion being introduced for also have a huge congregation of electrical trade help develop cost effective technologies. that includes retailers, electricians, contractors, MSME THE EVENT will also host a dedicated REpavilion the first time in association with TIE & NASSCOM. suppliers, & vendors to manufacturers who will be that features technology & product display and, more The event will be rolling out a visitor acquisition engaged through special activities. importantly, will connect equipment manufacturers, campaign that spans different forms of media & The size of the industry is valued at around $42 suppliers, & service providers to the key decision promotional activities both domestic & global will bn, a fourth of it is made up of power generation makers in end customers like utilities, EPCs, private form part of this. The activities will focus on both equipment, transmission & distribution contributing power producers & captive generation customers quality & quantity of visitors to provide maximum the rest. The industry provides direct employment to segments. It will showcase new discussion forums ROI to our exhibitors. Dedicated strategic activities about 500,000 people & indirectly to about 1 mn. & will have people from various related segments are planned to reach out to each segment to derive We, as a country, are aspiring to increase the output across the globe marking their presence for the first maximum participation from the target audience. A of the electrical equipment industry to $100 bn by time. Thirty to forty per cent of the audience will host of engagement activities that connect the visitors 2022 & become a destination of choice for overseas be from segments which were never present on this with the exhibitors & other participants have been producers of such equipment. India is firmly set on forum before like power electronics, electro-mobility, & planned to pack exceptional value to those visiting a path of economic growth that is est. to usher in power storage. In addition to the World Utility Summit, the exhibition. prosperity like never before. This economic prosperity will need to be built on the Statement about ownership and other particulars of Electrical Mirror, Delhi, back of significant transformations across as required under Rule 8 of the Registration of Newspapers (Central) Rules, several facilitating elements, the primary 1956 ones being infra. build-out, energy availability, & sustainability. Govt.’s ‘Make FORM IV (See Rule 8) in India’ programme has placed India on 1. Place of Publication : Delhi the world map as a manufacturing hub 2. Periodicity of its Publication : Monthly & gives global recognition to the Indian 3. Printer’s Name : Bright Tree economy. India is expected to become Whether Citizen of India ? : Yes the fifth largest manufacturing country Address : C-40, Gate No. 4, Okhla Industrial Area, in the world by the end of year 2020. The Govt. of India has set an ambitious Phase - II, New Delhi - 110020 target of increasing the contribution of 4. Publisher’s Name : Usha manufacturing output to 25% of GDP Whether Citizen of India ? : Yes by 2025, from 16% currently. India’s Address : 13/455, Block No. 13, Trilok Puri, manufacturing sector has the potential Delhi - 110091 to touch $1 tn by 2025. There is potential 5. Editor’s Name : Alka Puri for the sector to account for 25-30% of Whether Citizen of India ? : Yes the country’s GDP & create up to 90 mn domestic jobs by 2025. Address : 253 - B, Pocket - C, Phase - II, The energy infra. is arguably the single Mayur Vihar, Delhi - 110091 most imp. feature in any city. If unavailable 6. Name and Address individuals who own the newspapers and partners or for a sig. enough period of time, all other shareholders holding More than one per cent of the total capital. functions will eventually cease. Govt.’s I Usha, hereby declare that the particulars given above are true to the best of my focus on infra & smart cities of course knowledge and belief. augur well for the electrical equipment industry, which foresees a quantum jump in Sd/demands if the projects are implemented Usha well. Also, IEEMA helps modernise power Date : 1 March 2018 Signature of Publisher systems for the smart cities through ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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SKIPPER OFFERS HIGHQUALITY PRODUCTS WITH HIGHEST STANDARDS OF PRODUCT DESIGN || Surinder Kumar Negi || || President & CTO (EPC) || || SkipperSeil Limited ||

Skipper's products are type-tested by internationally accredited laboratories such as ASTA, CPRI and ERDA according to IEC/ANSI/ IS standards to verify the designs and confirm the exactness of manufacturing processes are approved by various leading utilities in India, UAE, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and South Africa

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Skipper is a key global player in the filed of Power & Infrastructure, serving clients in Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution in over 50 countries, especially Africa, Middle East, India and SAARC. Skipper manufactures the entire range of Power Productssubstation equipment/power transformers/ switchgears-through its manufacturing units in India, UAE & Africa. All our products are designed, manufactured and tested as per international standards. For 31 years, we have produced the highest quality products and upheld the highest level of customer service. Skipper's products are type-tested by internationally accredited laboratories such as ASTA, CPRI and ERDA according to IEC/ANSI/IS standards to verify the designs and confirm the exactness of manufacturing processes and are approved by various leading utilities in India, UAE, Nigeria,

Ghana, Kenya, South Africa and more. we have the capability of providing customized products to suits customer's needs! Skipper is committed to strengthening its relationship with customers on a Long-term basis. With learn manufacturing, implementation of 5S system, strong management, fully implemented SAP system, vertically integrated production facilities, professional personnel and wellestablished quality system, Skipper will continually strive to sustain its leading position as a world-class innovative manufacturer. Skipper has also successfully forward- integrated into EPC for EHV substations, Transmission lines upto 400kV & Power Plant construction in gas, thermal and hydro generation with a strong focus on timely delivery and quality.

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pplication Story

FLIR professional thermal imaging cameras help utility engineers catch issues in lines and equipment before they cause outages.

76 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

For more information, please contact us at: FLIR Systems India Pvt. Ltd. 1111, D Mall, Netaji Subhash Place, Pitampura New Delhi - 110034 Tel: +91-11-45603555 Fax: +91-11-47212006 E mail : flirindia@flir.com.hk Website : www.flir.in

||www.electricalmirror.net||

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roduct Info

Kyoritsu Products are readily available in India and have complete Service and Calibration Support Setup

Kyoritsu, Japan. A frontline global presence in

Electrical Test & Measurement Equipment since 1940, with specialized expertise in Low Voltage Test & Measurement. In India, the company has been present for many decades already, offering world class products optimized for Indian needs at 'just right prices'. Many of these products have for long been the choice equipment of every Indian electrical installation professional. Kyoritsu’s ‘’Digital Clamp meter 2200R’’ is Utra slim, light weight with handy design Clamp on meter for measuring AC current upto Max 1000A with additional DMM features of AC/DC Voltage, Resistance & Continuity buzzer Kyoritsu’s 2200R is used to measure the current

directly through clamp which rely on the Principle of Magnetic induction to make non contact AC current measurements

Kyoritsu’s 2200R key features are:

• True RMS with Ø33mm Tear drop Jaw easy to use in tight places. • DMM Function with AC/DC Voltage, Resistance, Continuity Buzzer • Fuseless electronic protection on Ω/ Continuity up to 600V • Data Hold Feature • Designed to meet safety standard IEC61010-1, 61010-2-032, CAT IV 300V/CAT III 600V Kyoritsu Products are readily available in India & have complete Service & Calibration Support Setup too.

Kyoritsu KEW India Instruments Pvt. Ltd. #4, S P Nagar, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380006. Tel. : 91 79-2640 9686 Mob. : 98246 80404 Email : info@kew-india.co.in, W: www.kew-ltd.co.in

MECO “POWERLINE TRANSDUCERS” MECO Power Line Transducers designed by MICRO DENSHI CORPORATION of Japan for AC Power Line parameters like Voltage, Current, Wattage, Var, Power Factor, Frequency, DC Isolation, and TAP Position and meets the International Standards for better result. These reliable and accurate Transducers are in applications with all sectors of the power and process industry since decades. It gives a load independent and isolated DC output directly proportional to the input parameters. Transducers are widely used for Automation and Control of the Power as well as for local and remote monitoring of the electrical parameters at every stage of Generation, Transmission & Distribution. They are ideal for SCADA, Energy Management, Telemetering, Data-Logging as well as central monitoring systems.

MECVO Transducers are used in various industries like Power Utilities, SEB's, Railways, Cement, Steel, Aluminium, Chemicals, Fertilizers, Sugar, Petrochemicals etc. Terminal Protection Cover, Reliable & Rugged Static Circuits, Low Ripple in Output Signal, Flame Retardant Polycarbonate Case, Open and Short Circuit Protection for Outputs, Din Rail Mounting and fast response time are key features of MECO Transducers. Available with Choice of Multiple Asymmetrical Outputs, Bi-Directional Outputs, Bi-Directional Inputs for Import / Export, Wide Choice of Suppressed Ranges, & Auxiliary Supply with Self-Powered or SMPS are additional features. For Details Please Visit : www.mecoinst.com

Icon Media Group

Tel: +91 011 6510 4350 Fax: +91 011 2275 3088 Email: subscibe@electricalmirror.ent Web: www.electricalmirror.net 78 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Tenders Ref. Number :

28063743

Ref. Number :

27725628

Ref. Number :

27984814

Requirement :

Provision Of 05 Mw Solar Energy Project At Cme

Requirement :

Provision Of Solar Power Plant At Af Stn

Document Fees :

INR 3,000

EMD :

INR 1,500,000

Document Fees :

INR 2,000

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 330,000,000

Package ged - 15 17-18/csc - epc turnkey project work of new 50mva transformer and associated works for 220kv receiving station at ponda, 220 / 33 / 11 kv gis substation at tuem and 220 kv double circuit transmission line from pgcil colvale to tuem,

EMD :

INR 375,000

15/03/2018

Document Fees :

INR 6,000

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 37,500,000

Closing Date : Document Sale To :

15/03/2018

EMD :

INR 15,022,000 INR 1,402,200,000

27/03/2018

Maharashtra - India

Tender Estimated Cost :

Closing Date :

Location :

Document Sale To :

27/03/2018

Ref. Number :

27746160

Closing Date :

19/03/2018

Location :

Gujarat - India

Requirement :

Construction of 132-33 kV Grid Sub Station at Barhi and associated transmission line

Location :

Goa - India Ref. Number :

28121123

Document Fees :

INR 25,000

Ref. Number :

26775934

Requirement :

EMD :

INR 14,500,000

Requirement :

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 724,710,192

Closing Date :

6/03/2018

Document Sale To :

06/03/2018

Execution of Hydro-Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical works for the Renovation, Modernisation and Uprating works of the existing Kuttiyadi Hydro Electric Project (3x25 MW) to (3x27.5 MW)

Supply Installation Testing and Commissioning of 132 kV Double Circuit Dumka to Shikaripara and LILO of Dumka Deoghar Transmission line at GSS Jarmundi and Amarapara to Godda and Amarapara to Pakur Transmission Line

Location :

Jharkhand - India

Document Fees :

INR 17,700

Document Fees :

INR 10,000

EMD :

INR 500,000

EMD :

INR 11,200,000

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 1,562,000,000

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 1,108,500,000

Closing Date :

5/03/2018

Closing Date :

28/03/2018

Document Sale To :

05/03/2018

Document Sale To :

28/03/2018

Location :

Kerala - India

Location :

Jharkhand - India

Ref. Number :

26769102

Ref. Number :

28121142

Requirement :

Works of 2 x 660 MW Shree Singaji Thermal Power Project (SSTPP) Stage-II.

Requirement :

Supply Installation Testing and Commissioning of 132 kV Double Circuit Nagaruntari to Garhwa and Latehar to Mahuadanr and Naudiha to Chhatarpur Transmission Line

Document Fees :

INR 10,000

EMD :

INR 10,000,000

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 993,600,000

Ref. Number :

27470742

Requirement :

Conversion of OH system into UG cabling system in 11KV Nagore Thonithurai and Waterworks feeders in Nagapattinam District with funding assistance from World Bank.

Document Fees :

INR 2,678,800

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 669,700,000

Closing Date :

2/03/2018

Document Sale To :

02/03/2018

Location :

Tamil Nadu - India

Ref. Number :

27709863

Requirement :

Turnkey construction of upgradation of 132 kv manmad - malegaon scsc line to 220 kv dc line using same corridor / row (route length - 36 kms including 6 kms of mcnb line) under zone.

Tender Estimated Cost :

INR 242,438,000

Closing Date :

12/03/2018

Location :

Maharashtra - India

80 || March 2018 || ELECTRICAL MIR R OR

Balance General Civil Works and related electrical and mechanical works on EPC / Turnkey Basis. Construction of Various Buildings / Structure and RCC road with bridge. Building Work & Electrical Works.

EMD :

INR 525,000

Closing Date :

28/03/2018

Closing Date :

1/03/2018

Document Sale To :

28/03/2018

Location :

Madhya Pradesh - India

Location :

28/03/2018

||www.electricalmirror.net||

Projects Central Government/Public Sector | Madhya Pradesh | PID: 173908

Central Government/Public Sector | Maharashtra | PID: 173686

Construction Of 800 MW POWER PLANT Project In Karnataka | Updated On: 07 - Mar - 2018

Nuclear POWER PLANT Project In Maharashtra | Updated On: 26 - Feb - 2018 Private Sector | Gujarat | PID: 173716

Central Government/Public Sector | Madhya Pradesh | PID: 173908 Small Hydro Electric Power Project In Madhya Pradesh | Updated On: 06 - Mar - 2018

iscose Staple Fibre And Captive POWER PLANT Project Expansion In Gujarat | Updated On: 26 - Feb - 2018 Private Sector | Not Classified | PID: 173914

Central Government/Public Sector | Madhya Pradesh | PID: 173918 Plans To Set Up 8 MW Small Hydro Capacity Project Expansion In Madhya Pradesh | Updated On: 06 - Mar - 2018

Wire Ropes Manufacturing Plant Project In India | Updated On: 06 Mar - 2018 Central Government/Public Sector | Jharkhand | PID: 173105

Private Sector | Andhra Pradesh | PID: 173749

Value: Rs. 138.55Crore | Substation Project In India | Updated On: 19 - Dec - 2017

POWER PLANT Project Expansion In Andhra Pradesh | Updated On: 27 - Feb - 2018

State Government | Kerala | PID: 170803 Sub-Station Project In Kerala | Updated On: 29 - Nov - 2017

Corporations/ Associations/ Others | Uttar Pradesh | PID: 173753 Power Projects In Uttar Pradesh | Updated On: 27 - Feb - 2018

Central Government/Public Sector | West Bengal | PID: 170710 Value: Rs. 350 Crore | Plans To Set Up A 765 Kilovolt Sub Station Project In West Bengal | Updated On: 27 - Nov - 2017

Private Sector | Gujarat | PID: 173757 Waste Heat Recovery POWER PLANT Project In Gujarat | Updated On: 27 - Feb - 2018

State Government | Haryana | PID: 170407 Plans To Set Up Hartek Power Bags Project In Haryana | Updated On: 14 - Nov - 2017

Get access to 70 Lakh+ New Government & Private Tenders Annualy only on www.TenderTiger.com ProcureTiger helps buyers in automating his purchase & sales using tools like eRFQ, eTendering, Reverse Auction, Forward Auction, eAuction, Indent Management, Contract Management etc. Looking for Tenders Services? For more details please contact to +91-9825079334 or mail us on sales@TenderTiger.com OR register at www.TenderTiger.com

||www.electricalmirror.net||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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2nd Solar Today Expo ............................................................................. 59

KLJ Polymers & Chemical India ............................................................. 31

4th Smart Cities India 2018 Expo .......................................................... 75

KVTEK Power Systems Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................. 01

Automation Expo 2018 ........................................................................... 57

Kyoritsu KEW India Instruments Pvt. Ltd. .............................................. 29

Dynamic Cables Ltd. ............................................................................... 19

Meco Meters Pvt. Ltd. .............................................................................. 15

Elecrama 2018 Expo ............................................................................... 51

Mersen India Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................................ 41

EPCOS India Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................................. 23

Next Gen Equipments Pvt. Ltd. .............................................................. 83

Finder India Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................................. 45

Omicron Energy Solutions Pvt. Ltd. ........................................................ 79

FLIR Systems India Pvt. Ltd ................................................................... IBC

Raj Petro Specialities Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................... 25

Green-Watt Techno Solutions Pvt. Ltd. ................................................... FGF

R.K. Engineering Pvt. Ltd. ...................................................................... 49

Heatflex Cables Pvt. Ltd. ........................................................................ 11

Quippo Energy Ltd. ................................................................................. 05

Indian Transformers & Electricals ........................................................... 13

Scope T & M Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................................. 03

HPL Electric & Power Ltd. ...................................................................... IFC

True Power Earthings Pvt. Ltd. ............................................................... 21

ISA Advance Instruments India Pvt. Ltd. ............................................... BC

Wheels Polymers Pvt. Ltd. ....................................................................... 17

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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EVENT DIARY February 20–21 2018 SOUTH AFRICA

www.africaenergyindaba.com The Africa Energy Indaba Exhibition is highly relevant to companies actively involved in all areas relating to showcasing solutions for the benefit of Africa. This extends to services for major energy projects on the continent, rural energy solutions, urbanization and energy needs and the renewable & sustainable energy industry and the management thereof.

March 05–09 2018 New Delhi, India

April 10-12 2018

Bangalore International Exhibition Center, Bengalura-India www.solartodayexpo.com

All the shows will host leading players in solar energy sector, LED & Battery Industry that will include manufacturers, suppliers, contractors, Distributors, R & D, Technologies, consultants from India and Overseas.

May 03-05 2018 Kenya

www.isgw.in

www.expogr.com

ISGF is a public private partnership initiative of Govt. of India with the mandate of accelerating smart grid deployments across the country. With 180+ members comprising of ministries, utilities, technology providers, academia and research, ISGF has evolved as a Think-Tank of global repute on Smart Energy and Smart Cities.

International Trade Exhibition On Residential, Commercial & Industrial Lighting & Accessories

March 06-08 2018

Dubai World Trade Centre, Uae www.middleeastelectricity.com

MEE is the region’s leading international trade event for the power industry, with dedicated product sectors for power generation, transmission & distribution, lighting, solar and brand new in 2018 - Energy Storage & Management Solutions.

MARCH 10-14 2018

LIGHTEXPO 2018 is unique event in the East Africa market. Having being branched out from BUILDEXPO previously, LIGHTEXPO will be the largest event for the lighting market in East Africa.

May 03-05 2018 SOUTH AFRICA

www.solartech-exhibition.net An annual gathering and market place for international manufacturers & suppliers to showcase their latest product equipment, tools and technology in solar power and PV technology to the professional audiences maintenance professional audiences form across Asia and other countries.

May 23-25 2018

India Expo Mart Greater Noida www. elecrama.com

Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India www.solarindiaexpo.com

The biggest showcase of the world of electricity, ELECRAMA brings together the complete spectrum of solutions that powers the planet. Featuring not just equipment & technology, but peerless thought leadership platforms for everything electric – from technical conferences to industry summits.

Over 300 million people still have no access to electricity, which is why solar power is being seen as a viable, long-term source of clean energy.

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June 14-16 2018

Chennai Trade Center, Chennai www.elecxpo.in

The Indian Society of Lighting Engineers has great pleasure in presenting the LIGHT INDIA INTERNATIONAL 2018, at Bombay Exhibition Centre, Mumbai, India during 19-21 January 2018.

29th Aug to 1st Sep 2018

Bombay Exhibition Centre, Mumbai www.automationindiaexpo.com

After delivering a grand and successful event in 2017, Automation Expo, the largest Automation & Instrumentation exhibition in South-East Asia is all set to make a mark in 2018 as well. Under the valiant leadership of Dr. M. Arokiaswamy, IED Communications Ltd has been successfully hosting Automation Expo and achieving its objective to fuel innovation and growth since the past 14 years.

October 15-17 2018

Bombay Exhibition Center, Mumbai

www.ifat-india.com IFAT India is India’s leading environmental trade fair for water, sewage, refuse and recycling. The last event, covering approximately 5,000 sqm of exhibition space, attracted 136 exhibitors from 11 countries. More than 4,100 trade visitors benefited from this ideal platform for successful networking with representatives from the industries and municipal sectors.

November 27-29 2018 Mumbai

www.wire-india.com Here you'll find all the information you need in preparation of your visit to wire India 2018 - 7th International Exhibition for the Wire and Cable Industry.

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RNI Regd. No. DELENG/2011/39089 . Postal Regd. No. DL(E)-20/5393/2015-17. Posted at Krishna Nagar P. O. Delhi - 110051 on 14th/ 15th of every month. English . Monthly . Date of Publication 5th of Every Month.